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Yu G, Luo T, Liu Y, Huo X, Mo C, Huang B, Li Y, Feng L, Sun Y, Zhang J, Zhang Z. Multi-omics reveal disturbance of glucose homeostasis in pregnant rats exposed to short-chain perfluorobutanesulfonic acid. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 278:116402. [PMID: 38728940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS), a short-chain alternative to perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), is widely used in various products and is increasingly present in environmental media and human bodies. Recent epidemiological findings have raised concerns about its potential adverse health effects, although the specific toxic mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the metabolic toxicity of gestational PFBS exposure in maternal rats. Pregnant Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to three groups and administered either 3% starch gel (control), 5, or 50 mg/kg bw·d PFBS. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and lipid profiles were measured, and integrated omics analysis (transcriptomics and non-targeted metabolomics) was employed to identify changes in genes and metabolites and their relationships with metabolic phenotypes. The results revealed that rats exposed to 50 mg/kg bw·d PFBS exhibited a significant decrease in 1-h glucose levels and the area under the curve (AUC) of OGTT compared with the starch group. Transcriptomics analysis indicated significant alterations in gene expression related to cytochrome P450 exogenous metabolism, glutathione metabolism, bile acid secretion, tumor pathways, and retinol metabolism. Differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were enriched in pathways such as pyruvate metabolism, the glucagon signaling pathway, central carbon metabolism in cancer, and the citric acid cycle. Co-enrichment analysis and pairwise correlation analysis among genes, metabolites, and outcomes identified several differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including Gstm1, Kit, Adcy1, Gck, Ppp1r3c, Ppp1r3d, and DEMs such as fumaric acid, L-lactic acid, 4-hydroxynonenal, and acetylvalerenolic acid. These DEGs and DEMs may play a role in the modulation of glucolipid metabolic pathways. In conclusion, our results suggest that gestational exposure to PFBS may induce molecular perturbations in glucose homeostasis. These findings provide insights into the potential mechanisms contributing to the heightened risk of abnormal glucose tolerance associated with PFBS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Yu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Global Centre for Asian Women's Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117549, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Tingyu Luo
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaona Huo
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Chunbao Mo
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bo Huang
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
| | - You Li
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Liping Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China; The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China.
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Lahne H, Gerstner D, Völkel W, Schober W, Aschenbrenner B, Herr C, Heinze S, Quartucci C. Human biomonitoring follow-up study on PFOA contamination and investigation of possible influencing factors on PFOA exposure in a German population originally exposed to emissions from a fluoropolymer production plant. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 259:114387. [PMID: 38703464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was produced and applied as an emulsifier in a fluoropolymer production plant in the Altötting district, southern Bavaria (Germany). This chemical was released directly into the environment, resulting in the contamination of the local drinking water. During a human biomonitoring (HBM) survey in 2018, increased median PFOA blood serum levels, compared to a normally exposed control group with no known source of PFOA exposure from Munich, Germany, were detected in the resident population (23.18 μg/l in the general population, 20.71 μg/l in the children's group). The follow-up study aimed to investigate whether purification of the drinking water as the main PFOA exposure source has been successful in reducing internal PFOA exposure and to estimate the association of internal PFOA exposure with possible influencing factors. METHODS Only individuals who had already participated in the HBM study in 2018 were included. For the determination of the PFOA serum concentration, 5 ml of blood was drawn from each participating person. Blood samples were collected in the period from June to August 2022. Furthermore, information on sociodemographic characteristics, health status, dietary behaviour and other lifestyle factors were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire. To examine the association of PFOA blood serum levels with possible influencing factors, such as age, gender and consumption of fish and game meat, a logistic regression model with a PFOA value > 10 μg/l as outcome was used. RESULTS A total of 764 individuals participated in the follow-up study in 2022. Analyses were performed separately for the general population (n = 559), women of reproductive age (15-49 years old) (n = 120), and children under 12 years old (n = 30). Median PFOA blood levels have decreased by 56.9% in the general population, by 59.8% in the group of women of reproductive age and by 73.4% in the group of children under 12 years old. In the general population, a higher probability of a PFOA value > 10 μg/l was found for those aged 40-59 years (Odds ratio (OR) = 2.33 (95%CI: 1.23 to 4.43, p = 0.01) and those aged 60 years and older (OR = 5.32, 95%CI: 2.78 to 10.19, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In all study groups, the median PFOA serum levels decreased as expected after a half-life of four years, which confirms that contamination via drinking water has ceased. Furthermore, our study identified age as a significant predictor of internal PFOA exposure, while no influence was found for the consumption of fish and game meat. Further investigations are needed to quantify in a more detailed way the influence of dietary habits on PFOA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Lahne
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Institute for Occupational Health and Product Safety, Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.
| | - Doris Gerstner
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Institute for Occupational Health and Product Safety, Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Völkel
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Institute for Occupational Health and Product Safety, Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schober
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Institute for Occupational Health and Product Safety, Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Aschenbrenner
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Institute for Occupational Health and Product Safety, Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Herr
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Institute for Occupational Health and Product Safety, Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heinze
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Institute for Occupational Health and Product Safety, Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Quartucci
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Institute for Occupational Health and Product Safety, Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
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Wu Y, Cheng Z, Zhang W, Yin C, Sun J, Hua H, Long X, Wu X, Wang Y, Ren X, Zhang D, Bai Y, Li Y, Cheng N. Association between per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A nested case-control study in northwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 350:123937. [PMID: 38631453 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been reported to have hepatotoxic effects. However, it is unclear whether they are linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This nested case-control study focused on the epidemiological links between PFAS and the prevalence of NAFLD. We selected 476 new cases of NAFLD and 952 age- and sex-matched controls from the Jinchang cohort population between 2014 and 2019. Serum concentrations of PFAS were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Only PFAS with a detection rate of ≥90 % were included for analysis, which included PFPeA, PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS, PFOS, and 9Cl-PF3ONS. The relationship between single and co-exposure to PFAS and the occurrence of NAFLD was evaluated using conditional logistic regression, Quantile g-computation (QgC), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model. Logistic regression indicated that PFPeA, PFOA, and 9Cl-PF3ONS were positive correlation with the incidence of NAFLD after adjusting for confounders, with odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) of 3.13 (95 % CI: 2.53, 3.86), 1.39 (95 % CI: 1.12, 1.73), and 1.41 (95 % CI: 1.20, 1.66), respectively. PFNA, PFHxS, and PFOS were nonlinearly and negatively associated with the incidence of NAFLD, with OR (95 % CI) of 0.53 (0.46, 0.62), 0.83 (0.73, 0.95), and 0.52 (0.44, 0.61), respectively. QgC showed a significant joint effect of PFAS mixture on NAFLD onset (OR: 1.52, 95 % CI: 1.24, 1.88). BKMR showed a weak positive trend between PFAS mixtures and NAFLD incidence. Positive correlations were primarily driven by PFPeA and 9Cl-PF3ONS, while negative correlations were mainly influenced by PFNA and PFOS. The BKMR model also suggested that there was an interaction between PFOS and PFNA and other four PFAS compounds. In conclusion, our findings suggest that individual and co-exposure to PFAS is associated with a risk of NAFLD onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqin Wu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Cheng
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Basic Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Chun Yin
- Workers' Hospital of Jinchuan Group Co., Ltd., Jinchang, Gansu, PR China
| | - Jianyun Sun
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Gansu, PR China
| | - Honghao Hua
- Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Xianzhen Long
- Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Xijiang Wu
- Workers' Hospital of Jinchuan Group Co., Ltd., Jinchang, Gansu, PR China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Workers' Hospital of Jinchuan Group Co., Ltd., Jinchang, Gansu, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Basic Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Desheng Zhang
- Workers' Hospital of Jinchuan Group Co., Ltd., Jinchang, Gansu, PR China
| | - Yana Bai
- Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Gansu, PR China
| | - Ning Cheng
- Basic Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.
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Holder C, Cohen Hubal EA, Luh J, Lee MG, Melnyk LJ, Thomas K. Systematic evidence mapping of potential correlates of exposure for per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) based on measured occurrence in biomatrices and surveys of dietary consumption and product use. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 259:114384. [PMID: 38735219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely observed in environmental media and often are found in indoor environments as well as personal-care and consumer products. Humans may be exposed through water, food, indoor dust, air, and the use of PFAS-containing products. Information about relationships between PFAS exposure sources and pathways and the amounts found in human biomatrices can inform source-contribution assessments and provide targets for exposure reduction. This work collected and collated evidence for correlates of PFAS human exposure as measured through sampling of biomatrices and surveys of dietary consumption and use of consumer products and articles. A systematic evidence mapping approach was applied to perform a literature search, conduct title-abstract and full-text screening, and to extract primary data into a comprehensive database for 16 PFAS. Parameters of interest included: sampling dates and locations, cohort descriptors, PFAS measured in a human biomatrix, information about food consumption in 11 categories, use of products/articles in 11 categories, and reported correlation values (and their statistical strength). The literature search and screening process yielded 103 studies with information for correlates of PFAS exposures. Detailed data were extracted and compiled on measures of PFAS correlations between biomatrix concentrations and dietary consumption and other product/article use. A majority of studies (61/103; 59%) were published after 2015 with few (8/103; 8%) prior to 2010. Studies were most abundant for dietary correlates (n = 94) with fewer publications reporting correlate assessments for product use (n = 56), while some examined both. PFOA and PFOS were assessed in almost all studies, followed by PFHxS, PFNA, and PFDA which were included in >50% of the studies. No relevant studies included PFNS or PFPeS. Among the 94 studies of dietary correlates, significant correlations were reported in 83% of the studies for one or more PFAS. The significant dietary correlations most commonly were for seafood, meats/eggs, and cereals/grains/pulses. Among the 56 studies of product/article correlates, significant correlations were reported in 70% of the studies. The significant product/article correlations most commonly were for smoking/tobacco, cosmetics/toiletries, non-stick cookware, and carpet/flooring/furniture and housing. Six of 11 product/article categories included five or fewer studies, including food containers and stain- and water-resistant products. Significant dietary and product/article correlations most commonly were positive. Some studies found a mix of positive and negative correlations depending on the PFAS, specific correlate, and specific response level, particularly for fats/oils, dairy consumption, food containers, and cosmetics/toiletries. Most of the significant findings for cereals/grains/pulses were negative correlations. Substantial evidence was found for correlations between dietary intake and biomatrix levels for several PFAS in multiple food groups. Studies examining product/article use relationships were relatively sparse, except for smoking/tobacco, and would benefit from additional research. The resulting database can inform further assessments of dietary and product use exposure relationships and can inform new research to better understand PFAS source-to-exposure relationships. The search strategy should be extended and implemented to support living evidence review in this rapidly advancing area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elaine A Cohen Hubal
- U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA, 27711.
| | | | | | - Lisa Jo Melnyk
- U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA.
| | - Kent Thomas
- U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA, 27711.
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Huh SW, Cho SY, Yoon S, Kim D, Park HW, Kang J, Kim KW. Relationship between crustacean consumption and serum perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) cycle 4. Ann Occup Environ Med 2024; 36:e12. [PMID: 38872633 PMCID: PMC11168942 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2024.36.e12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are non-aromatic organic compounds, whose hydrogen atoms in the carbon chain substituted by fluorine atoms. PFASs exhibit developmental toxicity, carcinogenicity, hepatotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity, and hormone toxicity. PFASs are used in the production of disposable food packages, aircraft and automobile devices, cooking utensils, outdoor gear, furniture and carpets, aqueous film forming foam (AFFF), cables and wires, electronics, and semiconductors. This study aimed to determine the association between crustacean consumption and serum PFASs. Methods Adult participants (2,993) aged ≥ 19 years were extracted from the 4th cycle data of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS). Based on the 50th percentile concentrations of serum PFASs, participants were divided into the low-concentration group (LC) and the high-concentration group (HC). General characteristics, dietary factors, coated product usage, and personal care product usage, an independent t-test and χ2 test were analyzed. The odds ratio (OR) of serum PFAS concentration against crustacean consumption was estimated via logistic regression analysis adjusting for general characteristics, dietary factors, coated product usage, and personal care product usage. Results The OR for the HC of serum PFASs was higher in individuals with ≥once a week crustacean consumption than in those with < once a week crustacean consumption. Estimated ORs were perfluorohexanesulfonic acid 2.15 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.53-3.02), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) 1.23 (95% CI: 1.07-1.41), and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDeA) 1.42 (95% CI: 1.17-1.74) in males, and perfluorooctanoic acid 1.48 (95% CI: 1.19-1.84), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid 1.39 (95% CI: 1.27-1.52), PFNA 1.70 (95% CI: 1.29-2.26) and PFDeA 1.43 (95% CI: 1.32-1.54) in females. Conclusions This study revealed the association between the crustacean consumption and concentrations of serum PFASs in general Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Huh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi, Korea
| | - Seong-yong Cho
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi, Korea
| | - Seongyong Yoon
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi, Korea
| | - Daehwan Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi, Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi, Korea
| | - Jisoo Kang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi, Korea
| | - Keon Woo Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi, Korea
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Lyu Z, Harada KH, Sassa MH, Fujii Y. Linear isomer but not branched isomers of perfluorooctane sulfonate in plasma is associated with eicosapentaenoic acid, a seafood consumption biomarker. Environ Health Prev Med 2024; 29:35. [PMID: 39019616 PMCID: PMC11273034 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.24-00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are global contaminants. Seafood consumption is a possible PFAS exposure route to humans while the isomer specific analysis has not been conducted. METHODS Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluoroheptane sulfonate (PFHpS) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) were investigated in residents of Kyoto, Japan (n = 51). The relationship between plasma PFAS and seafood consumption biomarker, the ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid (EPA/AA) was examined by multiple regression analysis. RESULTS Linear PFOS concentrations showed a significant positive correlation with the EPA/AA ratio in plasma samples (β = 6.80, p = 0.0014). Linear PFHpS was marginally associated with EPA/AA ratio (β = 0.178, p = 0.0874). Branched PFOS isomers and PFHxS had no associations with EPA/AA ratios. CONCLUSION Seafood intake may be a significant exposure pathway for PFAS, such as PFOS but the isomers differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Lyu
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kouji H. Harada
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mariko Harada Sassa
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yukiko Fujii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan
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Yun J, Kwon SC. The Association of Perfluoroalkyl Substance Exposure and a Serum Liver Function Marker in Korean Adults. TOXICS 2023; 11:965. [PMID: 38133366 PMCID: PMC10748130 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11120965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), widely used throughout industry and daily life, are currently one of the environmental pollutants garnering the most attention worldwide. Recently, environmental pollutants have had a high profile as one of the main causes of chronic liver disease, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Research on PFAS is actively underway. Although Korea has a remarkably high prevalence of chronic liver disease, and it continues to increase, only a few studies have revealed the relationship between PFAS and liver disease. In addition, regulations on PFAS in Korea are delayed compared to developed countries, such as Europe and the United States, and public interest is insufficient compared to others. Therefore, we would like to investigate the exposure of Koreans to PFAS in the blood and examine the relationship between these substances and markers of liver function (AST, ALT, and GGT). This study was based on the results of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) 2018–2020 (Cycle 4), and a total of 2961 subjects were selected. The concentration of PFAS in the blood of Korean adults was measured to be significantly higher based on the geometric mean compared to the results of recently investigated American adults based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2017-2018). A multivariable linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, alcohol intake, and regular exercise was performed to examine changes in three liver function markers as the serum PFAS concentration increased. We found that some of the five PFAS (PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFNA, and PFDeA) were significantly associated with increased liver enzymes. It is necessary to recognize the threat of PFAS to the human body and to discuss regulations and alternatives in earnest. Continuous follow-up studies are required through a well-designed cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soon-Chan Kwon
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea;
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Sornsil D, Harada KH. Correspondence on "Global Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Associated Burden of Low Birthweight". ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:11886-11887. [PMID: 37526374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorn Sornsil
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kouji H Harada
- Department of Health Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Fan X, Dong Z. Rebuttal to Correspondence on "Global Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Associated Burden of Low Birthweight". ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:11888-11890. [PMID: 37526384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiarui Fan
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhaomin Dong
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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Pálešová N, Maitre L, Stratakis N, Řiháčková K, Pindur A, Kohoutek J, Šenk P, Bartošková Polcrová A, Gregor P, Vrijheid M, Čupr P. Firefighters and the liver: Exposure to PFAS and PAHs in relation to liver function and serum lipids (CELSPAC-FIREexpo study). Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 252:114215. [PMID: 37418783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Firefighting is one of the most hazardous occupations due to exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Such exposure is suspected to affect the cardiometabolic profile, e.g., liver function and serum lipids. However, only a few studies have investigated the impact of this specific exposure among firefighters. METHODS Men included in the CELSPAC-FIREexpo study were professional firefighters (n = 52), newly recruited firefighters in training (n = 58), and controls (n = 54). They completed exposure questionnaires and provided 1-3 samples of urine and blood during the 11-week study period to allow assessment of their exposure to PFAS (6 compounds) and PAHs (6 compounds), and to determine biomarkers of liver function (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin (BIL)) and levels of serum lipids (total cholesterol (CHOL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides (TG)). The associations between biomarkers were investigated both cross-sectionally using multiple linear regression (MLR) and Bayesian weighted quantile sum (BWQS) regression and prospectively using MLR. The models were adjusted for potential confounders and false discovery rate correction was applied to account for multiplicity. RESULTS A positive association between exposure to PFAS and PAH mixture and BIL (β = 28.6%, 95% CrI = 14.6-45.7%) was observed by the BWQS model. When the study population was stratified, in professional firefighters and controls the mixture showed a positive association with CHOL (β = 29.5%, CrI = 10.3-53.6%) and LDL (β = 26.7%, CrI = 8.3-48.5%). No statistically significant associations with individual compounds were detected using MLR. CONCLUSIONS This study investigated the associations between exposure to PFAS and PAHs and biomarkers of cardiometabolic health in the Czech men, including firefighters. The results suggest that higher exposure to a mixture of these compounds is associated with an increase in BIL and the alteration of serum lipids, which can result in an unfavourable cardiometabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Pálešová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Léa Maitre
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nikos Stratakis
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Katarína Řiháčková
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pindur
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Czech Republic; Training Centre of Fire Rescue Service, Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic, Ministry of the Interior, Trnkova 85, 628 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kohoutek
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šenk
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Petr Gregor
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pavel Čupr
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Ducatman A, Tan Y, Nadeau B, Steenland K. Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Exposure and Abnormal Alanine Aminotransferase: Using Clinical Consensus Cutoffs Compared to Statistical Cutoffs for Abnormal Values. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11050449. [PMID: 37235263 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. Prior analysis in the large "C8 Health Project" population defined abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) with statistically derived cutoffs (>45 IU/L in men, >34 IU/L in women). OBJECTIVE To explore the degree to which PFOA was associated with modern, clinically predictive ALT biomarker cutoffs in obese and nonobese participants, excluding those with diagnosed liver disease. METHODS We reevaluated the relationship of serum PFOA to abnormal ALT using predictive cutoff recommendations including those of the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG). Evaluations modeled lifetime cumulative exposure and measured internal PFOA exposure. RESULTS ACG cutoff values (≥34 IU/L for males, ≥25 IU/L for females) classified 30% of males (3815/12,672) and 21% of females (3359/15,788) above ALT cutoff values. Odds ratios (OR) for above cutoff values were consistently associated with modeled cumulative and measured serum PFOA. Linear trends were highly significant. ORs by quintile showed near monotonic increases. Trends were stronger for the overweight and obese. However, all weight classes were affected. CONCLUSION Predictive cutoffs increase the OR for abnormal ALT results. Obesity increases ORs, yet association with abnormal ALT pertains to all weight classes. The results are discussed in context of current knowledge about the health implications of PFOA hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Ducatman
- School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9190, USA
| | - Youran Tan
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Brian Nadeau
- Department of Gastroenterology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI 48173, USA
| | - Kyle Steenland
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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12
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Liao Q, Tang P, Fan H, Song Y, Liang J, Huang H, Pan D, Mo M, Lin M, Chen J, Wei H, Long J, Shao Y, Zeng X, Liu S, Huang D, Qiu X. Association between maternal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and serum markers of liver function during pregnancy in China: A mixture-based approach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121348. [PMID: 36842621 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may have hepatotoxic effects in animals. However, epidemiological evidence in humans, especially pregnant women, is limited. This study aimed to assess the association of single and multiple PFAS exposure with serum markers of liver function in pregnant women. A total of 420 pregnant women from the Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort were enrolled from June 2015 to April 2019. Nine PFAS were measured in the maternal serum in early pregnancy. Data for liver function biomarkers, namely, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), and indirect bilirubin (IBIL), were obtained from medical records. In generalized linear model (GLM), there was a positive association of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) with ALT, perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) with GGT, and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) with TBIL and IBIL. In contrast, there was a negative association of perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) with TBIL. There were inverse U-shaped relationships of PFUnA with ALT and AST and PFDA with ALT by restricted cubic spline. The weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression model revealed the positive effects of the PFAS mixture on GGT, TBIL, DBIL, and IBIL. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) analysis confirmed that the PFAS mixture was positively associated with GGT, and PFBS was the main contributor. In addition, the BKMR model showed a positive association of individual PFBS with GGT, individual PFHxS with TBIL and IBIL, and a negative association of individual PFHpA with TBIL. Our findings provide evidence of an association between individual PFAS, PFAS mixture and maternal serum markers of liver function during pregnancy. Additionally, these findings also enhance concerns over PFAS exposure on maternal liver function and PFAS monitoring in pregnancy, reducing the effect of maternal liver dysfunction on maternal and infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liao
- Department Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Peng Tang
- Department Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Haoran Fan
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanye Song
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530031, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Huishen Huang
- Department Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Dongxiang Pan
- Department Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Meile Mo
- Department Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Mengrui Lin
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiehua Chen
- Department Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Huanni Wei
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinghua Long
- Department Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yantao Shao
- Department of Medical and Health Management, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zeng
- Department Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shun Liu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Dongping Huang
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Qiu
- Department Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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13
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Jain RB. Co-variate adjusted associations between serum concentrations of selected perfluoroalkyl substances and urinary concentrations of selected arsenic species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:34750-34759. [PMID: 36520294 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24745-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2011-2012 were used to estimate associations of the serum concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), and 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid (Me-PFOSA) with urinary concentrations of total arsenic (UAS), inorganic arsenic (IAS), arsenobetaine (UAB), and dimethyl arsinic acid (UDMA) among US adults aged > = 20 years. Concentrations of PFNA were positively associated with all four arsenic variables but statistical significance was observed for IAS only (β = 0.33364, P = 0.04). Concentrations of PFDA were positively associated with UAS (β = 0.20688, P = 0.01), IAS (β = 0.23712, P = 0.02), and UAB (β = 0.26049, P = 0.02). Concentrations of PFUnDA were positively associated with UAS (β = 0.49946, P < 0.01), IAS (β = 0.51782, P < 0.01), UAB (β = 0.62924, P < 0.01), and UDMA (β = 0.26375, P < 0.01). Concentrations of Me-PFOSA with PFAS were inversely associated with every PFAS but statistical significance was observed for UDMA only (β = - 0.05613, P = 0.03). PFOA, PFHxS, and PFOS were, in general, negatively associated with concentrations of all four arsenic variables but without reaching statistical significance. Positive associations of PFDA, PFNA, and PFUnDA with arsenic necessitate investigation about impact of the co-exposure of these PFAS with arsenic and their impact on health. Fluorinated carbon chain length > 8 as opposed to ≤ 8 may have a role in defining associations of PFAS with arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram B Jain
- 4331 Kendrick Circle, Loganville, GA, 30052, USA.
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14
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Qi Q, Niture S, Gadi S, Arthur E, Moore J, Levine KE, Kumar D. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances activate UPR pathway, induce steatosis and fibrosis in liver cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:225-242. [PMID: 36251517 PMCID: PMC10092267 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which include perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA), and perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTA), are commonly occurring organic pollutants. Exposure to PFAS affects the immune system, thyroid and kidney function, lipid metabolism, and insulin signaling and is also involved in the development of fatty liver disease and cancer. The molecular mechanisms by which PFAS cause fatty liver disease are not understood in detail. In the current study, we investigated the effect of low physiologically relevant concentrations of PFOA, HFBA, and PFTA on cell survival, steatosis, and fibrogenic signaling in liver cell models. Exposure of PFOA and HFBA (10 to 1000 nM) specifically promoted cell survival in HepaRG and HepG2 cells. PFAS increased the expression of TNFα and IL6 inflammatory markers, increased endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and activated unfolded protein response (UPR). Furthermore, PFAS enhanced cell steatosis and fibrosis in HepaRG and HepG2 cells which were accompanied by upregulation of steatosis (SCD1, ACC, SRBP1, and FASN), and fibrosis (TIMP2, p21, TGFβ) biomarkers expression, respectively. RNA-seq data suggested that chronic exposures to PFOA modulated the expression of fatty acid/lipid metabolic genes that are involved in the development of NFALD and fatty liver disease. Collectively our data suggest that acute/chronic physiologically relevant concentrations of PFAS enhance liver cell steatosis and fibrosis by the activation of the UPR pathway and by modulation of NFALD-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research InstituteNorth Carolina Central UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Suryakant Niture
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research InstituteNorth Carolina Central UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- NCCU‐RTI Center for Applied Research in Environmental Sciences (CARES)RTI International, Research Triangle ParkDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Sashi Gadi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research InstituteNorth Carolina Central UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Elena Arthur
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research InstituteNorth Carolina Central UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - John Moore
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research InstituteNorth Carolina Central UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Keith E. Levine
- NCCU‐RTI Center for Applied Research in Environmental Sciences (CARES)RTI International, Research Triangle ParkDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research InstituteNorth Carolina Central UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- NCCU‐RTI Center for Applied Research in Environmental Sciences (CARES)RTI International, Research Triangle ParkDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNorth Carolina Central UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
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15
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Cui Z, Liu W, Liu B, Zeng Q, Zhao X, Dou J, Cao J. Endocrine disrupting chemicals: A promoter of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1154837. [PMID: 37033031 PMCID: PMC10075363 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1154837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disorder. With the improvement in human living standards, the prevalence of NAFLD has been increasing in recent years. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a class of exogenous chemicals that simulate the effects of hormones in the body. There has been growing evidence regarding the potential effects of EDCs on liver health, especially in NAFLD. This paper aims to summarize the major EDCs that contribute to the growing burden of NAFLD and to raise public awareness regarding the hazards posed by EDCs with the objective of reducing the incidence of NAFLD.
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16
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Abrahamsson D, Siddharth A, Robinson JF, Soshilov A, Elmore S, Cogliano V, Ng C, Khan E, Ashton R, Chiu WA, Fung J, Zeise L, Woodruff TJ. Modeling the transplacental transfer of small molecules using machine learning: a case study on per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS). JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 32:808-819. [PMID: 36207486 PMCID: PMC9742309 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite their large numbers and widespread use, very little is known about the extent to which per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) can cross the placenta and expose the developing fetus. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study is to develop a computational approach that can be used to evaluate the of extend to which small molecules, and in particular PFAS, can cross to cross the placenta and partition to cord blood. METHODS We collected experimental values of the concentration ratio between cord and maternal blood (RCM) for 260 chemical compounds and calculated their physicochemical descriptors using the cheminformatics package Mordred. We used the compiled database to, train and test an artificial neural network (ANN). And then applied the best performing model to predict RCM for a large dataset of PFAS chemicals (n = 7982). We, finally, examined the calculated physicochemical descriptors of the chemicals to identify which properties correlated significantly with RCM. RESULTS We determined that 7855 compounds were within the applicability domain and 127 compounds are outside the applicability domain of our model. Our predictions of RCM for PFAS suggested that 3623 compounds had a log RCM > 0 indicating preferable partitioning to cord blood. Some examples of these compounds were bisphenol AF, 2,2-bis(4-aminophenyl)hexafluoropropane, and nonafluoro-tert-butyl 3-methylbutyrate. SIGNIFICANCE These observations have important public health implications as many PFAS have been shown to interfere with fetal development. In addition, as these compounds are highly persistent and many of them can readily cross the placenta, they are expected to remain in the population for a long time as they are being passed from parent to offspring. IMPACT Understanding the behavior of chemicals in the human body during pregnancy is critical in preventing harmful exposures during critical periods of development. Many chemicals can cross the placenta and expose the fetus, however, the mechanism by which this transport occurs is not well understood. In our study, we developed a machine learning model that describes the transplacental transfer of chemicals as a function of their physicochemical properties. The model was then used to make predictions for a set of 7982 per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances that are listed on EPA's CompTox Chemicals Dashboard. The model can be applied to make predictions for other chemical categories of interest, such as plasticizers and pesticides. Accurate predictions of RCM can help scientists and regulators to prioritize chemicals that have the potential to cause harm by exposing the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Abrahamsson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Adi Siddharth
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Joshua F Robinson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Anatoly Soshilov
- California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, 1001 I St, Sacramento, CA, 95814, USA
- California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, 1515 Clay St, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Sarah Elmore
- California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, 1001 I St, Sacramento, CA, 95814, USA
- California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, 1515 Clay St, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Vincent Cogliano
- California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, 1001 I St, Sacramento, CA, 95814, USA
- California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, 1515 Clay St, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Carla Ng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Elaine Khan
- California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, 1001 I St, Sacramento, CA, 95814, USA
- California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, 1515 Clay St, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Randolph Ashton
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
- The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jennifer Fung
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science and the Center of Reproductive Science, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-2240, USA
| | - Lauren Zeise
- California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, 1001 I St, Sacramento, CA, 95814, USA
- California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, 1515 Clay St, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Tracey J Woodruff
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Young W, Wiggins S, Limm W, Fisher CM, DeJager L, Genualdi S. Analysis of Per- and Poly(fluoroalkyl) Substances (PFASs) in Highly Consumed Seafood Products from U.S. Markets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13545-13553. [PMID: 36251396 PMCID: PMC9614959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Seafood consumption has been identified as one of the major contributors of per- and poly(fluoroalkyl) substances (PFASs) to the human diet. To assess dietary exposure, highly consumed seafood products in the United States were selected for analysis. The analytical method previously used for processed food was extended to include four additional long-chain perflurocarboxylic acids (PFCAs), which have been reported in seafood samples. This method was single-lab-validated, and method detection limits were reported at 345 ng kg-1 for perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and 207 ng kg-1 for perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) and below 100 ng kg-1 for the rest of the PFAS analytes. The 81 seafood samples (clams, crab, tuna, shrimp, tilapia, cod, salmon, pollock) were analyzed for 20 PFASs using the updated analytical method. Most of the seafood packaging was also analyzed by Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) to identify packaging potentially coated with PFASs. None of the packaging samples in this study were identified as having PFASs. A wide range of concentrations was observed among the seafood samples, ranging from below the method detection limit to the highest concentration of 23 μg kg-1 for the sum of PFASs in one of the canned clam samples. Such a wide range is consistent with those reported in previous studies. The highest concentrations were reported in clams and crabs, followed by cod, tuna, pollock, tilapia, salmon, and shrimp. Technical perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) dominated the profile of the clam samples, which has been consistently found in other clam samples, especially in Asia. Long-chain PFCAs, specifically perfluoroundecanoic (PFUdA) and perfluorododecanoic (PFDoA), were the most frequently detected analytes across all seafood samples. The trends observed are comparable with those in the literature where benthic organisms tend to have the highest PFAS concentrations, followed by lean fish, fatty fish, and aquaculture. The results from this study will be used to prioritize future studies and to inform steps to reduce consumer exposure to PFASs.
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Kou J, Li X, Zhang M, Wang L, Hu L, Liu X, Mei S, Xu G. Accumulative levels, temporal and spatial distribution of common chemical pollutants in the blood of Chinese adults. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119980. [PMID: 35985432 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
China has been in a rapid development period in recent decades, the mass production and use of chemical industrial products and pesticides have resulted in a large amount of pollutants in the environment. These pollutants enter the human body through environmental exposure and dietary intake, causing adverse health effects. Although many of them have been banned and restricted in the production and use in China, these pollutants still remain in the human body due to their high persistence and strong bioaccumulation. In this review, we aim to reveal the accumulation levels and profiles, as well as the temporal and spatial distribution of common chemical pollutants including chlorinated paraffins (CPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers, organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), new halogenated flame retardants (NHFRs), polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalic acid esters, perfluorinated compounds, bisphenols, organophosphorus pesticides and pyrethroid insecticides in the blood (including whole blood, serum and plasma) of Chinese adults by extracting 93 related studies published from 1990 to 2021. Results have shown that CPs, OCPs and PAHs were the main pollutants in China, the levels of short-chain chlorinated paraffin, p,p'-DDE and phenanthrene in blood even reached 11,060.58, 740.41 and 498.28 ng/g lipid respectively. Under the strict control of pollutants in China, the levels of most pollutants have been on a downward trend except for perfluoro octanoate and perfluoro nonanoate. Besides, OPFRs, NHFRs and PAHs may have a potential upward trend, requiring further research and observation. As for spatial distribution, East China (Bohai Bay and Yangtze River Delta) and South China (Pearl River Delta) were the major polluted regions due to their fast development of industry and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Mingye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Limei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Liqin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, China
| | - Surong Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, China
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Liu JJ, Cui XX, Tan YW, Dong PX, Ou YQ, Li QQ, Chu C, Wu LY, Liang LX, Qin SJ, Zeeshan M, Zhou Y, Hu LW, Liu RQ, Zeng XW, Dong GH, Zhao XM. Per- and perfluoroalkyl substances alternatives, mixtures and liver function in adults: A community-based population study in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 163:107179. [PMID: 35325771 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Experimental evidence has shown that per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) alternatives and mixtures may exert hepatotoxic effects in animals. However, epidemiological evidence is limited. This research aimed to explore associations of PFAS and the alternatives with liver function in a general adult population. The study participants consisted of 1,303 adults from a community-based cross-sectional investigation in Guangzhou, China, from November 2018 to August 2019. We selected 13 PFAS with detection rates > 85% in serum samples and focused on perfluorooctane-sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and their alternatives [6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA), 8:2 Cl-PFESA, and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA)] as predictors of outcome. Six liver function biomarkers (ALB, ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, and DBIL) were chosen as outcomes. We applied regression models with restricted cubic spline function to explore correlations between single PFAS and liver function and inspected the combined effect of PFAS mixtures on liver by applying Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). We discovered positive associations among PFAS and liver function biomarkers except for ALP. For example, compared with the 25th percentile of PFAS concentration, the level of ALT increased by 12.36% (95% CI: 7.91%, 16.98%) for ln-6:2 Cl-PFESA, 5.59% (95% CI: 2.35%, 8.92%) for ln-8:2 Cl-PFESA, 3.56% (95% CI: -0.39%, 7.68%) for ln-PFHxA, 13.91% (95% CI: 8.93%, 19.13%) for ln-PFOA, and 14.25% (95% CI: 9.91%, 18.77%) for ln-PFOS at their 75th percentile. In addition, higher exposed serum PFAS was found to be correlated with greater odds of abnormal liver function. Analysis from BKMR models also showed an adverse association between PFAS mixtures and liver function. The combined effect of the PFAS mixture appeared to be non-interactive, in which PFOS was the main contributor to the overall effect. Our findings provide evidence of associations between PFAS alternatives, PFAS mixtures, and liver function in the general adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xin-Xin Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ya-Wen Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Peng-Xin Dong
- Nursing College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Ou
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chu Chu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lu-Yin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Li-Xia Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shuang-Jian Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mohammed Zeeshan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Li-Wen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ru-Qing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiao-Miao Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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20
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Costello E, Rock S, Stratakis N, Eckel SP, Walker DI, Valvi D, Cserbik D, Jenkins T, Xanthakos SA, Kohli R, Sisley S, Vasiliou V, La Merrill MA, Rosen H, Conti DV, McConnell R, Chatzi L. Exposure to per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Markers of Liver Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:46001. [PMID: 35475652 PMCID: PMC9044977 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental evidence indicates that exposure to certain pollutants is associated with liver damage. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent synthetic chemicals widely used in industry and consumer products and bioaccumulate in food webs and human tissues, such as the liver. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis evaluating PFAS exposure and evidence of liver injury from rodent and epidemiological studies. METHODS PubMed and Embase were searched for all studies from earliest available indexing year through 1 December 2021 using keywords corresponding to PFAS exposure and liver injury. For data synthesis, results were limited to studies in humans and rodents assessing the following indicators of liver injury: serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, or steatosis. For human studies, at least three observational studies per PFAS were used to conduct a weighted z-score meta-analysis to determine the direction and significance of associations. For rodent studies, data were synthesized to qualitatively summarize the direction and significance of effect. RESULTS Our search yielded 85 rodent studies and 24 epidemiological studies, primarily of people from the United States. Studies focused primarily on legacy PFAS: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid. Meta-analyses of human studies revealed that higher ALT levels were associated with exposure to PFOA (z-score= 6.20, p<0.001), PFOS (z-score= 3.55, p<0.001), and PFNA (z-score= 2.27, p=0.023). PFOA exposure was also associated with higher aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels in humans. In rodents, PFAS exposures consistently resulted in higher ALT levels and steatosis. CONCLUSION There is consistent evidence for PFAS hepatotoxicity from rodent studies, supported by associations of PFAS and markers of liver function in observational human studies. This review identifies a need for additional research evaluating next-generation PFAS, mixtures, and early life exposures. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10092.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Costello
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sarah Rock
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nikos Stratakis
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sandrah P. Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Douglas I. Walker
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dora Cserbik
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Todd Jenkins
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Stavra A. Xanthakos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rohit Kohli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Sisley
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michele A. La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Hugo Rosen
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - David V. Conti
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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21
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Liu M, Nordstrom M, Forand S, Lewis-Michl E, Wattigney WA, Kannan K, Wang W, Irvin-Barnwell E, Hwang SA. Assessing exposures to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in two populations of Great Lakes Basin fish consumers in Western New York State. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 240:113902. [PMID: 34915281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish and other seafood are an important dietary source of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure in many areas of the world, and PFAS were found to be pervasive in fish from the Great Lakes area. Few studies, however, have examined the associations between Great Lakes Basin fish consumption and PFAS exposure. Many licensed anglers and Burmese refugees and immigrants residing in western New York State consume fish caught from the Great Lakes and surrounding waters, raising their risk of exposure to environmental contaminants including PFAS. The aims of this study were to: 1) present the PFAS exposure profile of the licensed anglers and Burmese refugees and 2) examine the associations between serum PFAS levels and local fish consumption. METHODS Licensed anglers (n = 397) and Burmese participants (n = 199) provided blood samples and completed a detailed questionnaire in 2013. We measured 12 PFAS in serum. Multiple linear regression was used to assess associations between serum PFAS concentrations and self-reported consumption of fish from Great Lakes waters. RESULTS Licensed anglers and Burmese participants reported consuming a median of 16 (IQR: 6-36) and 88 (IQR: 44-132) meals of locally caught fish in the year before sample collection, respectively (data for Burmese group restricted to 10 months of the year). Five PFAS were detected in almost all study participants (PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, PFNA and PFDA; 97.5-100%). PFOS had the highest median serum concentration in licensed anglers (11.6 ng/mL) and the Burmese (35.6 ng/mL), approximately two and six times that of the U.S. general population, respectively. Serum levels of other PFAS in both groups were generally low and comparable to those in the general U.S. POPULATION Among licensed anglers, Great Lakes Basin fish meals over the past year were positively associated with serum PFOS (P < 0.0001), PFDA (P < 0.0001), PFHxS (P = 0.01), and PFNA (P = 0.02) and the number of years consuming locally caught fish was positively associated with serum PFOS (P = 0.01) and PFDA (P = 0.01) levels. In the Burmese group, consuming Great Lakes Basin fish more than three times a week in the past summer was positively associated with serum PFOS (P = 0.004) and PFDA (P = 0.02) among the Burmese of non-Karen ethnicity, but not among those of Karen ethnicity, suggesting potential ethnic differences in PFAS exposure. CONCLUSIONS Great Lakes Basin fish consumption was associated with an increase in blood concentrations of some PFAS, and especially of PFOS, among licensed anglers and Burmese refugees and immigrants in western New York State. In the Burmese population, there may be other important PFAS exposure routes related to residential history and ethnicity. Continued outreach efforts to increase fish advisory awareness and reduce exposure to contaminants are needed among these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Environmental & Occupational Epidemiology, Empire State Plaza-Corning Tower, Room 1203, Albany, NY, 12237, United States.
| | - Monica Nordstrom
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Environmental & Occupational Epidemiology, Empire State Plaza-Corning Tower, Room 1203, Albany, NY, 12237, United States
| | - Steven Forand
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Environmental & Occupational Epidemiology, Empire State Plaza-Corning Tower, Room 1203, Albany, NY, 12237, United States
| | - Elizabeth Lewis-Michl
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Environmental & Occupational Epidemiology, Empire State Plaza-Corning Tower, Room 1203, Albany, NY, 12237, United States
| | - Wendy A Wattigney
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology and Human Health Science, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA, 30341, United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, 12201, United States; New York University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, 12201, United States
| | - Elizabeth Irvin-Barnwell
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology and Human Health Science, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA, 30341, United States
| | - Syni-An Hwang
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Environmental & Occupational Epidemiology, Empire State Plaza-Corning Tower, Room 1203, Albany, NY, 12237, United States; University at Albany, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, One University Place, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, United States
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22
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Ali AM, Sanden M, Higgins CP, Hale SE, Alarif WM, Al-Lihaibi SS, Ræder EM, Langberg HA, Kallenborn R. Legacy and emerging per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) in sediment and edible fish from the Eastern Red Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 280:116935. [PMID: 33773302 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
POLY: and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are ubiquitously detected all around the world. Herein, for the first time, concentrations of 16 selected legacy and emerging PFASs are reported for sediment and edible fish collected from the Saudi Arabian Red Sea. Mean concentrations varied from 0.57 to 2.6 μg kg-1 dry weight (dw) in sediment, 3.89-7.63 μg kg-1 dw in fish muscle, and 17.9-58.5 μg kg-1 dw in fish liver. Wastewater treatment plant effluents represented the main source of these compounds and contributed to the exposure of PFAS to biota. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was the most abundant compound in sediment and fish tissues analysed, comprising between 42 and 99% of the ∑16PFAS. The short chain perfluorobutanoate (PFBA) was the second most dominant compound in sediment and was detected at a maximum concentration of 0.64 μg kg-1 dw. PFAS levels and patterns differed between tissues of investigated fish species. Across all fish species, ∑16PFAS concentrations in liver were significantly higher than in muscle by a factor ranging from 3 to 7 depending on fish species and size. The PFOS replacements fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) exhibited a bioaccumulation potential in several fish species and 6:2 FTS, was detected at a maximum concentration of 7.1 ± 3.3 μg kg-1 dw in a doublespotted queenfish (Scomberoides lysan) liver. PFBS was detected at a maximum concentration of 2.65 μg kg-1 dw in strong spine silver-biddy (Gerres longirostris) liver. The calculated dietary intake of PFOS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) exceeded the safety threshold established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in 2020 in doublespotted queenfish muscle, indicating a potential health risk to humans consuming this fish in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasim M Ali
- Section of Contaminants and Biohazards, Institute of Marine Research (IMR), P.O 1870 Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Monica Sanden
- Section of Contaminants and Biohazards, Institute of Marine Research (IMR), P.O 1870 Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christopher P Higgins
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Sarah E Hale
- Geotechnics and Environment, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), N-0855 Oslo, Norway
| | - Walied M Alarif
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80207, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan S Al-Lihaibi
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80207, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Erik Magnus Ræder
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 0033, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håkon Austad Langberg
- Geotechnics and Environment, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), N-0855 Oslo, Norway; Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Roland Kallenborn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science (KBM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, Christian M. Falsen Veg 1, No-1432, Ås, Norway; Arctic Technology Department (AT), University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), P.O. Box 156, Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway
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23
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Espindola Santos ADS, Meyer A, Dabkiewicz VE, Câmara VDM, Asmus CIRF. Serum levels of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid in pregnant women: Maternal predictors and associations with birth outcomes in the PIPA Project. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:3107-3118. [PMID: 34111903 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are persistent pollutants associated with adverse birth outcomes. This study aimed to identify predictors of blood PFOA and PFOS concentrations in pregnant women and to estimate their associations with birth outcomes in Brazil. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study with 139 pregnant women enrolled in the pilot study of the Rio Birth Cohort Study on Environmental Exposure and Childhood Development (PIPA Project). Multiple linear regression was used to estimate associations between PFOA and PFOS with maternal predictors and birth outcomes. RESULTS Higher levels of PFOA were observed in women aged 16-19 and 20-39 years, while fish consumption from 0.6 to 2.0 times per week was associated with lower levels of the substance. PFOS levels were higher in women living in houses with up to four rooms but lower in those who reported passive exposure to smoking. Increased newborn length and head circumference were also associated with higher maternal levels of PFOA. CONCLUSIONS In our study, age, fish consumption, passive smoking, and the number of rooms in the house were predictors of maternal PFAS levels. However, we did not observe significant associations between maternal plasma PFAS concentrations and birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline de Souza Espindola Santos
- Occupational and Environmental Branch, Public Health Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Armando Meyer
- Occupational and Environmental Branch, Public Health Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Emídio Dabkiewicz
- Center for Studies of Human Ecology and Worker's Health, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Volney de Magalhães Câmara
- Occupational and Environmental Branch, Public Health Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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24
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Zhu Y, Ro A, Bartell SM. Household low pile carpet usage was associated with increased serum PFAS concentrations in 2005-2006. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110758. [PMID: 33549621 PMCID: PMC8104467 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous in the serum of the general US population. Food, drinking water, consumer products, dust, and air have been assessed as PFAS exposure sources for humans. The effects of various types of carpeting on serum PFAS concentrations have been less studied, despite the known use of PFAS in stain-resistant carpet treatments. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the associations between serum PFAS concentrations and type of residential flooring among the general US population aged 12 years and older using the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS We used multiple linear regressions adjusted for complex survey design and relevant covariates to analyze the relations between serum PFAS concentrations and type of floor covering (smooth surface, low pile carpet, medium to high pile carpet, and combination of carpet and smooth surface), as well as other potential exposure factors. We used multiple imputation to address missing values. RESULTS We found significantly higher serum concentrations of perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) and 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid (MeFOSAA) in US residents residing in homes with low pile carpeting compared with those residing in homes with smooth surface. We concluded that among US residents aged 12 years and older residing in homes with low pile carpeting in the home in 2005-2006, on average 24% and 19% of the PFHxS and MeFOSAA body burdens, respectively, could be attributed to carpeting. We found associations between other types of floor covering (medium to high pile carpet, combination of carpet and smooth surface) and some PFAS concentrations compared with the smooth surface, but these results were less consistent and generally not statistically significant. Additionally, a group Wald Chi-squared test showed a significant result for PFOS, indicating different contributions of various types of flooring to PFOS serum concentration. SIGNIFICANCE Our results are representative of the general US population at the time of the survey, and potentially informative regarding ongoing PFAS exposure from a variety of sources including carpeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachen Zhu
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-3957, USA
| | - Annie Ro
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-3957, USA
| | - Scott M Bartell
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-3957, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-1250, USA; Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-1250, USA.
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25
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Fenton SE, Ducatman A, Boobis A, DeWitt JC, Lau C, Ng C, Smith JS, Roberts SM. Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Toxicity and Human Health Review: Current State of Knowledge and Strategies for Informing Future Research. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:606-630. [PMID: 33017053 PMCID: PMC7906952 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 634] [Impact Index Per Article: 211.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Reports of environmental and human health impacts of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have greatly increased in the peer-reviewed literature. The goals of the present review are to assess the state of the science regarding toxicological effects of PFAS and to develop strategies for advancing knowledge on the health effects of this large family of chemicals. Currently, much of the toxicity data available for PFAS are for a handful of chemicals, primarily legacy PFAS such as perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate. Epidemiological studies have revealed associations between exposure to specific PFAS and a variety of health effects, including altered immune and thyroid function, liver disease, lipid and insulin dysregulation, kidney disease, adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes, and cancer. Concordance with experimental animal data exists for many of these effects. However, information on modes of action and adverse outcome pathways must be expanded, and profound differences in PFAS toxicokinetic properties must be considered in understanding differences in responses between the sexes and among species and life stages. With many health effects noted for a relatively few example compounds and hundreds of other PFAS in commerce lacking toxicity data, more contemporary and high-throughput approaches such as read-across, molecular dynamics, and protein modeling are proposed to accelerate the development of toxicity information on emerging and legacy PFAS, individually and as mixtures. In addition, an appropriate degree of precaution, given what is already known from the PFAS examples noted, may be needed to protect human health. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:606-630. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E. Fenton
- National Toxicology Program Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alan Ducatman
- West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Alan Boobis
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie C. DeWitt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher Lau
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carla Ng
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James S. Smith
- Navy and Marine Corps Public Health Center, Portsmouth, Virginia, USA
| | - Stephen M. Roberts
- Center for Environmental & Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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26
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Hung MD, Jung HJ, Jeong HH, Lam NH, Cho HS. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in special management sea areas of Korea: Distribution and bioconcentration in edible fish species. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 156:111236. [PMID: 32510380 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen PFASs in water (n = 58), sediment (n = 58) and edible fish samples (n = 81) collected from three special management sea areas of Korea including Gwangyang bay, Masan bay and Busan harbor in July 2018 were investigated. The mean PFASs concentration in water (ng/L) were in order Masan (5.09) > Busan (2.82) > Gwangyang (1.74). PFASs levels were found as the low concentration in sediment. The greatest total PFASs concentration in each fish tissue was found as 3.04 (ng/g ww) in a Japanese amberjack fish for muscle in Busan, 66.23 (ng/mL) in Japanese amberjack fish for blood in Masan and 125.03 (ng/g ww) flathead grey mullet in Busan bay. The BCF (L/kg) of PFDoDA was found as the highest in muscle of all species with values from 30,922 (grey mullet in Gwangyang) to 69,131 (grey mullet in Busan). PFDS was the highest BCF's PFASs (110,599 L/kg) in muscle which was found in Japanese amberjack in Busan bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Duc Hung
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Jung
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Ho Jeong
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Hoang Lam
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Seo Cho
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea.
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Qi W, Clark JM, Timme-Laragy AR, Park Y. Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Review of Epidemiologic Findings. TOXICOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2020; 102:1-36. [PMID: 33304027 PMCID: PMC7723340 DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2020.1763997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, a group of fluoro-surfactants widely detected in the environment, wildlife and humans, have been linked to adverse health effects. A growing body of literature has addressed their effects on obesity, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/ non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. This review summarizes the brief historical use and chemistry of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, routes of human exposure, as well as the epidemiologic evidence for associations between exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and the development of obesity, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/ non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. We identified 22 studies on obesity and 32 studies on diabetes, while only 1 study was found for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/ non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by searching PubMed for human studies. Approximately 2/3 of studies reported positive associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exposure and the prevalence of obesity and/or type 2 diabetes. Causal links between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and obesity, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/ non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, however, require further large-scale prospective cohort studies combined with mechanistic laboratory studies to better assess these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Qi
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - John M. Clark
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Alicia R. Timme-Laragy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
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Pan Y, Cui Q, Wang J, Sheng N, Jing J, Yao B, Dai J. Profiles of Emerging and Legacy Per-/Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Matched Serum and Semen Samples: New Implications for Human Semen Quality. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:127005. [PMID: 31841032 PMCID: PMC6957285 DOI: 10.1289/ehp4431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence remains equivocal on the associations between environmentally relevant levels of per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and human semen quality. OBJECTIVES We aimed to test whether the potential effects on semen quality could be better observed when seminal PFAS levels were used as an exposure marker compared with serum PFAS levels. METHODS Matched semen and serum samples from 664 adult men were collected from a cross-sectional population in China from 2015 to 2016. Multiple semen parameters were assessed, along with measurement of 16 target PFASs in semen and serum. Partitioning between semen and serum was evaluated by the ratio of matrix-specific PFAS concentrations. Regression model results were expressed as the difference in each semen parameter associated with the per unit increase in the ln-transformed PFAS level after adjusting for confounders. RESULTS Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and emerging chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA) were detected at their highest concentrations in both semen and serum, with median concentrations of 0.23, 0.10, and 0.06 ng/mL in semen, respectively, and a semen-to-serum ratio of 1.3:3.1. The between-matrix correlations of these PFAS concentrations were high (R=0.70-0.83). Seminal PFOA, PFOS, and 6:2 Cl-PFESA levels were significantly associated with a lower percentage of progressive sperm and higher percentage of DNA fragmentation (false discovery rate-adjusted p-values of<0.05). Associations between serum PFAS levels and semen parameters were generally statistically weaker, except for DNA stainability, which was more strongly associated with serum-based PFASs than with semen-based PFASs. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the potential for deleterious effects following exposure to 6:2 Cl-PFESA and other PFASs. Compared with serum PFAS levels, the much clearer association of seminal PFAS levels with semen parameters suggests its advantage in hazard assessment on semen quality, although the potential for confounding might be higher. Exposure measurements in target tissue may be critical in clarifying effects related to PFAS exposure. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4431.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Jing
- Reproductive Medical Center, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Yao
- Reproductive Medical Center, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Wahlang B, Jin J, Beier JI, Hardesty JE, Daly EF, Schnegelberger RD, Falkner KC, Prough RA, Kirpich IA, Cave MC. Mechanisms of Environmental Contributions to Fatty Liver Disease. Curr Environ Health Rep 2019; 6:80-94. [PMID: 31134516 PMCID: PMC6698418 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-019-00232-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fatty liver disease (FLD) affects over 25% of the global population and may lead to liver-related mortality due to cirrhosis and liver cancer. FLD caused by occupational and environmental chemical exposures is termed "toxicant-associated steatohepatitis" (TASH). The current review addresses the scientific progress made in the mechanistic understanding of TASH since its initial description in 2010. RECENT FINDINGS Recently discovered modes of actions for volatile organic compounds and persistent organic pollutants include the following: (i) the endocrine-, metabolism-, and signaling-disrupting chemical hypotheses; (ii) chemical-nutrient interactions and the "two-hit" hypothesis. These key hypotheses were then reviewed in the context of the steatosis adverse outcome pathway (AOP) proposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The conceptual understanding of the contribution of environmental exposures to FLD has progressed significantly. However, because this is a new research area, more studies including mechanistic human data are required to address current knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banrida Wahlang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jian Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Juliane I Beier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Josiah E Hardesty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Erica F Daly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Regina D Schnegelberger
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - K Cameron Falkner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Russell A Prough
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Irina A Kirpich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology COBRE Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology COBRE Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- The Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY, 40206, USA.
- The Jewish Hospital Liver Transplant Program, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Kosair Charities Clinical & Translational Research Building, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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Zhang S, Kang Q, Peng H, Ding M, Zhao F, Zhou Y, Dong Z, Zhang H, Yang M, Tao S, Hu J. Relationship between perfluorooctanoate and perfluorooctane sulfonate blood concentrations in the general population and routine drinking water exposure. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:54-60. [PMID: 30776750 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In regions with heavily contaminated drinking water, a significant contribution of drinking water to overall human perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) exposure has been well documented. However, the relationship of PFOA/PFOS blood concentrations in the general population to routine drinking water exposure is not well characterized. This study determined the PFOA and PFOS concentrations in 166 drinking water samples across 28 cities in China. For 13 of the studied cities, PFOA and PFOS concentrations were analyzed in 847 human blood samples which were collected in parallel with the drinking water samples. The geometric mean PFOA and PFOS concentrations in drinking water were 2.5 ± 6.2 ng/L and 0.7 ± 11.7 ng/L, and population-weighted geometric mean blood concentrations were 2.1 ± 1.2 ng/mL and 2.6 ± 1.3 ng/mL, respectively. We found a significant correlation between the PFOA concentration in drinking water and blood (r = 0.87, n = 13, p < 0.001). The total daily intake of PFOA (0.24-2.13 ng/kg/day) and PFOS (0.19-1.87 ng/kg/day) were back-calculated from the blood concentrations with a one-compartment toxicokinetic model. We estimated relative source contributions (RSCs) of drinking water to total daily intake in China of 23 ± 3% for PFOA and 12.7 ± 5.8% for PFOS. Using the mean RSCs, we derived the health advisory values of 85 ng/L for PFOA and 47 ng/L for PFOS in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Zhang
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiyue Kang
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mengyu Ding
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fanrong Zhao
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuyin Zhou
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhaomin Dong
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Shu Tao
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianying Hu
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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31
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Fair PA, Wolf B, White ND, Arnott SA, Kannan K, Karthikraj R, Vena JE. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in edible fish species from Charleston Harbor and tributaries, South Carolina, United States: Exposure and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 171:266-277. [PMID: 30703622 PMCID: PMC6943835 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of 11 PFASs were determined in muscle and whole fish for six species collected from Charleston, South Carolina (SC) for the assessment of potential health risks to humans and wildlife. Across all species and capture locations, total PFAS levels in whole fish were significantly higher than fillets by a factor of two- to three-fold. Mean ∑PFAS concentrations varied from 12.7 to 33.0 ng/g wet weight (ww) in whole fish and 6.2-12.7 ng/g ww in fillets. For individual whole fish, ∑PFASs ranged from 12.7 ng/g ww in striped mullet to 85.4 ng/g ww in spotted seatrout, and in fillets individual values ranged from 6.2 ng/g ww in striped mullet to 27.9 ng/g ww in spot. The most abundant compound in each species was perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), comprising 25.5-69.6% of the ∑PFASs. Striped mullet had significantly lower relative amounts of PFOS compared to all other species and higher relative amounts of PFUnDA compared to Atlantic croaker, spotted seatrout, and spot. Unlike whole fish, PFAS levels in fillets varied significantly by location with higher ∑PFOS from the Ashley River than the Cooper River and Charleston Harbor, which reflects the levels of PFASs contamination in these systems. In whole fish, differences in relative concentrations of PFOS, PFNA, and PFDA occurred by capture location, suggestive of different sources. PFOS concentrations for southern flounder and spotted seatrout fillets were within the advisory range to limit fish consumption to 4 meals a month. PFOS levels exceeded screening values to protect mammals in 83% of whole fish examined and represent a potential risk to wildlife predators such as dolphins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Fair
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412, USA; NOAA's Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
| | - Beth Wolf
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Natasha D White
- NOAA's Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Stephen A Arnott
- Marine Resources Research Institute, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, PO Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - Rajendiran Karthikraj
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, PO Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - John E Vena
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
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Bassler J, Ducatman A, Elliott M, Wen S, Wahlang B, Barnett J, Cave MC. Environmental perfluoroalkyl acid exposures are associated with liver disease characterized by apoptosis and altered serum adipocytokines. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 247:1055-1063. [PMID: 30823334 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposures to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) including perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are associated with increased liver enzymes in cohort studies including the C8 Health Study. In animal models, PFAAs disrupt hepatic lipid metabolism and induce apoptosis to cause nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). PFAAs are immunotoxic and inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine release from stimulated leukocytes in vitro. This cross-sectional study tests the hypothesis that environmental PFAAs are associated with increased hepatocyte apoptosis and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum. Biomarkers previously associated with PFAS exposures and/or NAFLD were evaluated as secondary endpoints. Two hundred adult C8 Health Study participants were included. Measured serum biomarkers included: perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS); perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA); perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS); perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA); cytokeratin 18 M30 (CK18 M30, hepatocyte apoptosis); adipocytokines; insulin; and cleaved complement 3 (C3a). Confounder-adjusted linear regression models determined associations between PFAS and disease biomarkers with cut-offs determined by classification and regression tree analysis. CK18 M30 was positively associated with PFHxS (β = 0.889, p = 0.042); PFOA (β = 2.1, p = 0.005); and PFNA (β = 0.567, p = 0.03). Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) was inversely associated with PFHxS (β = -0.799, p = 0.001); PFOA (β = - 1.242, p = 0.001); and PFOS (β = -0.704, p < 0.001). Interleukin 8 was inversely associated with PFOS and PFNA. PFAAs were also associated with sexually dimorphic adipocytokine and C3a responses. Overall, PFAA exposures were associated with the novel combination of increased biomarkers of hepatocyte apoptosis and decreased serum TNFα. These data support previous findings from cohorts and experimental systems that PFAAs may cause liver injury while downregulated some aspects of the immune response. Further studies of PFAAs in NAFLD are warranted and should evaluate sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bassler
- Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Alan Ducatman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Meenal Elliott
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Sijin Wen
- Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Banrida Wahlang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - John Barnett
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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Muzembo BA, Iwai-Shimada M, Isobe T, Arisawa K, Shima M, Fukushima T, Nakayama SF. Dioxins levels in human blood after implementation of measures against dioxin exposure in Japan. Environ Health Prev Med 2019; 24:6. [PMID: 30630405 PMCID: PMC6329082 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-018-0755-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over the past few decades, the Japanese Ministry of the Environment has been biomonitoring dioxins in the general Japanese population and, in response to public concerns, has taken measures to reduce dioxin exposure. The objectives of this study were to assess the current dioxin dietary intake and corresponding body burden in the Japanese and compare Japanese dioxin data from 2011 to 2016 and 2002–2010 surveys. We also examined the relationship between blood dioxins and health parameters/clinical biomarkers. Methods From 2011 to 2016, cross-sectional dioxin surveys were conducted on 490 Japanese (242 males and 248 females, aged 49.9 ± 7.6 years) from 15 Japanese prefectures. Blood (n = 490) and food samples (n = 90) were measured for 29 dioxin congeners including polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs) using gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Using the 2006 World Health Organization toxic equivalence factors, the toxic equivalents (TEQs) were calculated. Clinical biomarkers and anthropometric parameters were also measured and information on lifestyle behaviours collected. Data imputations were applied to account for blood dioxins below the detection limit. Results The median (95% confidence interval or CI) blood levels and dioxin dietary intake was respectively 9.4 (8.8–9.9) pg TEQ/g lipid and 0.3 (0.2–0.4) pg TEQ/kg body weight/day. The median blood dioxin level in the 2011–2016 survey was found to have decreased by 41.3% compared to the 2002–2010 surveys. Participants who were older were found to be more likely to have higher dioxin levels. Blood dioxins were also significantly associated with body mass index, triglycerides, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and dihomo-gamma-linoleic acid levels in blood. Furthermore, associations between blood dioxin and dietary dioxin intake were evident in the unadjusted models. However, after adjusting for confounders, blood dioxins were not found to be associated with dietary dioxin intake. Conclusions Blood dioxin levels declined over the past decade. This study showed that the measures and actions undertaken in Japan have possibly contributed to these reductions in the body burden of dioxins in the Japanese population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12199-018-0755-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basilua Andre Muzembo
- Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan.,Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Miyuki Iwai-Shimada
- Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Isobe
- Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kokichi Arisawa
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shima
- Department of Public Health, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuhito Fukushima
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shoji F Nakayama
- Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan.
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Salihovic S, Stubleski J, Kärrman A, Larsson A, Fall T, Lind L, Lind PM. Changes in markers of liver function in relation to changes in perfluoroalkyl substances - A longitudinal study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 117:196-203. [PMID: 29754000 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While it is known that perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) induce liver toxicity in experimental studies, the evidence of an association in humans is inconsistent. OBJECTIVE The main aim of the present study was to examine the association of PFAS concentrations and markers of liver function using panel data. METHODS We investigated 1002 individuals from Sweden (50% women) at ages 70, 75 and 80 in 2001-2014. Eight PFASs were measured in plasma using isotope dilution ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Bilirubin and hepatic enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were determined in serum using an immunoassay methodology. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between the changes in markers of liver function and changes in PFAS levels. RESULTS The changes in majority of PFAS concentrations were positively associated with the changes in activity of ALT, ALP, and GGT and inversely associated with the changes in circulating bilirubin after adjustment for gender and the time-updated covariates LDL- and HDL-cholesterol, serum triglycerides, BMI, statin use, smoking, fasting glucose levels and correction for multiple testing. For example, changes in perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were associated with the changes liver function markers βBILIRUBIN = -1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.93 to -1.19, βALT = 0.04, 95% CI 0.03-0.06, and βALP = 0.11, 95% CI 0.06-0.15. CONCLUSION Our longitudinal assessment established associations between changes in markers of liver function and changes in plasma PFAS concentrations. These findings suggest a relationship between low-dose background PFAS exposure and altered liver function in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Salihovic
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Jordan Stubleski
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anna Kärrman
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Monica Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Chen WL, Bai FY, Chang YC, Chen PC, Chen CY. Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:994-1004. [PMID: 29976417 PMCID: PMC9303023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study quantified five perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and two perfluorosulfonic acids in cereals, meats, seafood, eggs, pork liver, and milk in Taiwan using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and evaluated the dietary exposure of the general population and pregnant women using per capita consumption and a questionnaire, respectively. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and PFCAs of 10–12 carbons were found in almost all of the samples in considerable concentrations in rice and pork liver, reaching as high as 283 ng/g (PFOA in pork liver); the levels are two to three orders of magnitude higher than previous reports. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), the most frequently mentioned perfluoroalkyl substance, was rarely detected in many food items (detection frequencies <20% in rice, flour, pork, chicken, salmon, squid, eggs, and milk) at <0.4 ng/g, except for beef, pork liver and some seafood (detection frequencies: 100%, GMs: 0.05–3.52 ng/g). Compared to populations in Western countries, people in Taiwan are exposed to much more perfluorohexanoic acid, PFOA, perfluorodecanoic acid, and perfluoroundecanoic acid (11.2, 85.1, 44.2, and 4.45 ng/kg b.w./day, respectively), mainly due to the higher contaminations in food. The exposure of 8.0 μg PFOA/person/day in the 95 percentile of pregnant women was due to their frequent consumption of pork liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Bai
- Institute of Environmental Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chia Chang
- Institute of Environmental Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Occurrence, Distribution, and Risk Assessment of Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) in Muscle and Liver of Cattle in Xinjiang, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14090970. [PMID: 28846636 PMCID: PMC5615507 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14090970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite risks associated with perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in many regions, little is known about their prevalence in Xinjiang. We determined the presence of 13 PFAAs in 293 beef muscle and liver samples collected in 22 cities covering northern, southern, and eastern Xinjiang using liquid chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Overall, the average values for PFAAs were relatively low compared with previous studies. Liver presented higher mean levels of total PFAAs at 1.632 ng/g, which was over 60-fold higher than in muscle (0.026 ng/g). Among the PFAAs analyzed, medium-chain compounds were dominant, accounting for more than 70% of the total. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was highly prevalent in the liver with the highest mean concentration (0.617 ng/g) and detection frequency (80%). When comparing the three regions of Xinjiang, we found differences in PFAA profiles, with the northern region showing the highest levels. Furthermore, the average daily intake and hazard ratios of PFOS and perfluorooctanoic acid varied by region, urban/rural environment, gender, ethnicity, and age. The highest risk value of 13 PFAAs was estimated to be 0.837 × 10-3, which is far below 1, indicating that there is no health risk posed by eating beef muscle and liver in Xinjiang.
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Dong Z, Bahar MM, Jit J, Kennedy B, Priestly B, Ng J, Lamb D, Liu Y, Duan L, Naidu R. Issues raised by the reference doses for perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 105:86-94. [PMID: 28521193 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
On 25th May 2016, the U.S. EPA released reference doses (RfDs) for Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) of 20ng/kg/day, which were much more conservative than previous values. These RfDs rely on the choices of animal point of departure (PoD) and the toxicokinetics (TK) model. At this stage, considering that the human evidence is not strong enough for RfD determination, using animal data may be appropriate but with more uncertainties. In this article, the uncertainties concerning RfDs from the choices of PoD and TK models are addressed. Firstly, the candidate PoDs should include more critical endpoints (such as immunotoxicity), which may lead to lower RfDs. Secondly, the reliability of the adopted three-compartment TK model is compromised: the parameters are not non-biologically plausible; and this TK model was applied to simulate gestation and lactation exposures, while the two exposure scenarios were not actually included in the model structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Dong
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Md Mezbaul Bahar
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Joytishna Jit
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Future Industries Institute (FII), University of South Australia, University Parade, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Bruce Kennedy
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Brian Priestly
- Australian Centre for Human Health Risk Assessment, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jack Ng
- The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology-Entox, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dane Lamb
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Yanju Liu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Luchun Duan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Lai KP, Li JW, Cheung A, Li R, Billah MB, Chan TF, Wong CKC. Transcriptome sequencing reveals prenatal PFOS exposure on liver disorders. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 223:416-425. [PMID: 28131474 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a hepatic toxicant and a potential hepatocarcinogen, is commonly used in industrial products. The widespread contamination of PFOS in human maternal and cord blood has raised concerns about its potential risks to the fetus. It is believed that adverse environmental exposure during the critical period of embryo development can have long-lasting consequences in later life. In this report, we used transcriptome sequencing, followed by bioinformatics analysis, to elucidate the potential hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic effects of prenatal PFOS exposure in the fetus. Our results demonstrated that prenatal PFOS exposure could activate the synthesis and metabolism of fatty acids and lipids, leading to liver damage and interference with liver development in the fetus. In addition, a number of cancer-promoting signaling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin, Rac, and TGF-β, were found to be activated in the fetal liver. More importantly, hepatic transaminase activity, including aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase activity, was induced in the liver of mice offspring after prenatal PFOS exposure. For the first time, our results demonstrate that the hepatotoxic effects of prenatal exposure to PFOS may predispose to a long-term liver disorder in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Po Lai
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jing Woei Li
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Angela Cheung
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rong Li
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Md Baki Billah
- Department of Zoology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Ting Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chris Kong Chu Wong
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Christensen KY, Raymond M, Blackowicz M, Liu Y, Thompson BA, Anderson HA, Turyk M. Perfluoroalkyl substances and fish consumption. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 154:145-151. [PMID: 28073048 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are an emerging class of contaminants. Certain PFAS are regulated or voluntarily limited due to concern about environmental persistence and adverse health effects, including thyroid disease and dyslipidemia. The major source of PFAS exposure in the general population is thought to be consumption of seafood. OBJECTIVES In this analysis we examine PFAS levels and their determinants, as well as associations between PFAS levels and self-reported fish and shellfish consumption, using a representative sample of the U.S. METHODS Data on PFAS levels and self-reported fish consumption over the past 30 days were collected from the 2007-2008, 2009-2010, 2011-2012, and 2013-2014 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Twelve different PFAS were measured in serum samples from participants. Ordinary least squares regression models were used to identify factors (demographic characteristics and fish consumption habits) associated with serum PFAS concentrations. Additional models were further adjusted for other potential exposures including military service and consumption of ready-to-eat and fast foods. RESULTS Seven PFAS were detected in at least 30% of participants and were examined in subsequent analyses (PFDA, PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, MPAH, PFNA, PFUA). The PFAS with the highest concentrations were PFOS, followed by PFOA, PFHxS and PFNA (medians of 8.3, 2.7, 1.5 and 1.0ng/mL). Fish consumption was generally low, with a median of 1.2 fish meals and 0.14 shellfish meals, reported over the past 30 days. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, total fish consumption was associated with reduced MPAH, and with elevated PFDE, PFNA and PFuDA. Shellfish consumption was associated with elevations of all PFAS examined except MPAH. Certain specific fish and shellfish types were also associated with specific PFAS. Adjustment for additional exposure variables resulted in little to no change in effect estimates for seafood variables. CONCLUSIONS PFAS are emerging contaminants with widespread exposure, persistence, and potential for adverse health effects. In the general population, fish and shellfish consumption are associated with PFAS levels, which may indicate an avenue for education and outreach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Y Christensen
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services, 1 West Wilson Street, Madison, WI 53703, United States.
| | - Michelle Raymond
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services, 1 West Wilson Street, Madison, WI 53703, United States
| | - Michael Blackowicz
- University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 1603 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Yangyang Liu
- University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 1603 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Brooke A Thompson
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services, 1 West Wilson Street, Madison, WI 53703, United States
| | - Henry A Anderson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Population Health Sciences, 614 Walnut Street, Madison, WI 53726, United States
| | - Mary Turyk
- University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 1603 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
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Wang B, Chen Q, Shen L, Zhao S, Pang W, Zhang J. Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in cord blood of newborns in Shanghai, China: Implications for risk assessment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 97:7-14. [PMID: 27770709 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are commonly used in industrial applications and consumer products, and their potential health impacts are of concern, especially for vulnerable population like fetuses. However, in utero exposure to PFASs and health implications are far from fully characterized in China. To fill in the gap, we analyzed 10 PFASs in cord plasma samples (N=687) collected in Shanghai between 2011 and 2012, one of the regions widely polluted with PFASs in China. A questionnaire survey on maternal and diet-related factors was conducted. Except for perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), all other PFASs were detected in ˃90% of the samples. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the most predominant PFAS (median value: 6.96ng/mL), followed by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) (2.48ng/mL). PFOA and PFOS combined contributed to 80% of the total PFASs. The final multiple regression models showed that maternal factors including maternal age, body mass index, gestational age, economic status and educational level as well as consumption of fish and wheat were significantly related with concentrations of PFASs in cord blood. The risk assessment using the hazard quotients (HQs) approach on the basis of plasma PFAS levels indicated no potential concern for developmental toxicity in the local newborns. The results demonstrate the unique profiles of local prenatal exposure to PFASs, suggesting that PFOA has been the primary human exposure due to its widespread use and pollution. Special attention to high PFOA exposure and confirmation of potential determinants should be taken as a priority in the future plan for risk management and actions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qian Chen
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lixiao Shen
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shasha Zhao
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Weiyi Pang
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Fai Tse WK, Li JW, Kwan Tse AC, Chan TF, Hin Ho JC, Sun Wu RS, Chu Wong CK, Lai KP. Fatty liver disease induced by perfluorooctane sulfonate: Novel insight from transcriptome analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 159:166-177. [PMID: 27289203 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a hepato-toxicant and potential non-genotoxic carcinogen, was widely used in industrial and commercial products. Recent studies have revealed the ubiquitous occurrence of PFOS in the environment and in humans worldwide. The widespread contamination of PFOS in human serum raised concerns about its long-term toxic effects and its potential risks to human health. Using fatty liver mutant foie gras (fgr(-/-))/transport protein particle complex 11 (trappc11(-/-)) and PFOS-exposed wild-type zebrafish embryos as the study model, together with RNA sequencing and comparative transcriptomic analysis, we identified 499 and 1414 differential expressed genes (DEGs) in PFOS-exposed wild-type and trappc11 mutant zebrafish, respectively. Also, the gene ontology analysis on common deregulated genes was found to be associated with different metabolic processes such as the carbohydrate metabolic process, glycerol ether metabolic process, mannose biosynthetic process, de novo' (Guanosine diphosphate) GDP-l-fucose biosynthetic process, GDP-mannose metabolic process and galactose metabolic process. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis further highlighted that these deregulated gene clusters are closely related to hepatitis, inflammation, fibrosis and cirrhosis of liver cells, suggesting that PFOS can cause liver pathogenesis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in zebrafish. The transcriptomic alterations revealed may serve as biomarkers for the hepatotoxic effect of PFOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Ka Fai Tse
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Jing Woei Li
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Anna Chung Kwan Tse
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China; The State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ting Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jeff Cheuk Hin Ho
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Rudolf Shiu Sun Wu
- The State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Science and Environmental Studies, Institute of Education, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Chris Kong Chu Wong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China; The State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Yao X, Sha S, Wang Y, Sun X, Cao J, Kang J, Jiang L, Chen M, Ma Y. Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Induces Autophagy-Dependent Apoptosis through Spinster 1-Mediated lysosomal-Mitochondrial Axis and Impaired Mitophagy. Toxicol Sci 2016; 153:198-211. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Ciccotelli V, Abete MC, Squadrone S. PFOS and PFOA in cereals and fish: Development and validation of a high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Góralczyk K, Pachocki KA, Hernik A, Struciński P, Czaja K, Lindh CH, Jönsson BAG, Lenters V, Korcz W, Minorczyk M, Matuszak M, Ludwicki JK. Perfluorinated chemicals in blood serum of inhabitants in central Poland in relation to gender and age. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 532:548-555. [PMID: 26100734 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this paper is to determine concentrations of seven selected perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs): perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA) in the blood serum of men and women of reproductive age from the central region of Poland. The relation between sex of tested subjects and the levels of compounds in blood serum of humans will also be considered and analysed as an element of the risk assessment. The study was made on the blood serum samples collected from 253 women and 176 men of reproductive age between 20 and 44 years from Warsaw and surrounding areas. Higher concentrations of five (PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA) from among seven selected PFASs were observed in men in comparison to women from the same populations. Only the concentrations of PFHxS and PFDoDA were slightly higher in women than in men. These differences were statistically significant in all cases, except for PFUnDA. The hypothesis that the concentrations of said compounds increase with age of the test subjects, regardless of gender has not been confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Góralczyk
- Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof A Pachocki
- Department of Radiation Hygiene and Radiobiology, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Hernik
- Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Paweł Struciński
- Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Czaja
- Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Christian H Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sweden Lund University, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Bo A G Jönsson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sweden Lund University, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Virissa Lenters
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Wojciech Korcz
- Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maria Minorczyk
- Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Matuszak
- Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jan K Ludwicki
- Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
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Góralczyk K, Struciński P, Wojtyniak B, Rabczenko D, Lindh CH, Jönsson BA, Toft G, Lenters V, Czaja K, Hernik A, Bonde JP, Pedersen HS, Zvyezday V, Ludwicki JK. Is the fact of parenting couples cohabitation affecting the serum levels of persistent organohalogen pollutants? Int J Hyg Environ Health 2015; 218:392-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Gebbink WA, Berger U, Cousins IT. Estimating human exposure to PFOS isomers and PFCA homologues: the relative importance of direct and indirect (precursor) exposure. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 74:160-9. [PMID: 25454233 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Contributions of direct and indirect (via precursors) pathways of human exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) isomers and perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) are estimated using a Scenario-Based Risk Assessment (SceBRA) modelling approach. Monitoring data published since 2008 (including samples from 2007) are used. The estimated daily exposures (resulting from both direct and precursor intake) for the general adult population are highest for PFOS and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), followed by perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), while lower daily exposures are estimated for perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA). The precursor contributions to the individual perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) daily exposures are estimated to be 11-33% for PFOS, 0.1-2.5% for PFBA, 3.7-34% for PFHxA, 13-64% for PFOA, 5.2-66% for PFDA, and 0.7-25% for PFDoDA (ranges represent estimated precursor contributions in a low- and high-exposure scenario). For PFOS, direct intake via diet is the major exposure pathway regardless of exposure scenario. For PFCAs, the dominant exposure pathway is dependent on perfluoroalkyl chain length and exposure scenario. Modelled PFOS and PFOA concentrations in human serum using the estimated intakes from an intermediate-exposure scenario are in agreement with measured concentrations in different populations. The isomer pattern of PFOS resulting from total intakes (direct and via precursors) is estimated to be enriched with linear PFOS (84%) relative to technical PFOS (70% linear). This finding appears to be contradictory to the observed enrichment of branched PFOS isomers in recent human serum monitoring studies and suggests that either external exposure is not fully understood (e.g. there are unknown precursors, missing or poorly quantified exposure pathways) and/or that there is an incomplete understanding of the isomer-specific human pharmacokinetic processes of PFOS, its precursors and intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter A Gebbink
- Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, SE 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Urs Berger
- Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, SE 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ian T Cousins
- Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, SE 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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48
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Kato K, Wong LY, Chen A, Dunbar C, Webster G, Lanphear BP, Calafat AM. Changes in serum concentrations of maternal poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances over the course of pregnancy and predictors of exposure in a multiethnic cohort of Cincinnati, Ohio pregnant women during 2003-2006. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:9600-8. [PMID: 25026485 PMCID: PMC4140533 DOI: 10.1021/es501811k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Data on predictors of gestational exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the United States are limited. To fill in this gap, in a multiethnic cohort of Ohio pregnant women recruited in 2003-2006, we measured perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and six additional PFASs in maternal serum at ∼16 weeks gestation (N = 182) and delivery (N = 78), and in umbilical cord serum (N = 202). We used linear regression to examine associations between maternal serum PFASs concentrations and demographic, perinatal, and lifestyle factors. PFASs concentrations in maternal sera and in their infants' cord sera were highly correlated (Spearman rank correlation coefficients = 0.73-0.95). In 71 maternal-infant dyads, unadjusted geometric mean (GM) concentrations (95% confidence interval) (in μg/L) in maternal serum at delivery of PFOS [8.50 (7.01-9.58)] and PFOA [3.43 (3.01-3.90)] were significantly lower than at 16 weeks gestation [11.57 (9.90-13.53], 4.91 (4.32-5.59), respectively], but higher than in infants' cord serum [3.32 (2.84-3.89), 2.85 (2.51-3.24), respectively] (P < 0.001). Women who were parous, with a history of previous breastfeeding, black, or in the lowest income category had significantly lower PFOS and PFOA GM concentrations than other women. These data suggest transplacental transfer of PFASs during pregnancy and nursing for the first time in a U.S. birth cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Kato
- Division
of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, United States
| | - Lee-Yang Wong
- Division
of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, United States
| | - Aimin Chen
- Cincinnati
Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, United States
| | - Carmen Dunbar
- Division
of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, United States
| | - Glenys
M. Webster
- Child
& Family Research Institute, BC Children’s
Hospital and Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Child
& Family Research Institute, BC Children’s
Hospital and Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Division
of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, United States
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49
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Yamada A, Bemrah N, Veyrand B, Pollono C, Merlo M, Desvignes V, Sirot V, Oseredczuk M, Marchand P, Cariou R, Antignac JP, Le Bizec B, Leblanc JC. Perfluoroalkyl acid contamination and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of French freshwater and marine fishes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:7593-7603. [PMID: 25004121 DOI: 10.1021/jf501113j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, French marine and freshwater fish perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) contamination are presented along with their fatty acid (FA) composition to provide further elements for a risk/benefit balance of fish consumption to be assessed. The 29 most consumed marine fish species were collected in four metropolitan French coastal areas in 2004 to constitute composite samples. Geographical differences in terms of consumed species and contamination level were taken into account. Three hundred and eighty-seven composite samples corresponding to 16 freshwater fish species collected between 2008 and 2010 in the six major French rivers or their tributaries were selected among the French national agency for water and aquatic environments freshwater fish sample library. The raw edible parts were analyzed for FA composition and PFAA contamination. Results show that freshwater fishes are more contaminated by PFAAs than marine fishes and do not share the same contamination profile. Freshwater fish contamination is mostly driven by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) (75%), whereas marine fish contamination is split between perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (24%), PFOS (20%), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) (15%), perfluoropentanoic acid (PFHpA) (11%), and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) (11%). Common carp, pike-perch, European perch, thicklip grey mullet, and common roach presented the most unfavorable balance profile due to their high level of PFAAs and low level of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs). These data could be used, if needed, in an updated opinion on fish consumption that takes into account PFAA contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Yamada
- Risk Assessment Directorate - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses), 27-31 avenue du Général Leclerc, Maisons-Alfort 94701, France
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50
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Ullah S, Huber S, Bignert A, Berger U. Temporal trends of perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids and their sulfonamide-based precursors in herring from the Swedish west coast 1991-2011 including isomer-specific considerations. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 65:63-72. [PMID: 24468635 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A method was developed for simultaneous analysis of perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) and their sulfonamide-based precursors (perfluoroalkane sulfonamidoacetic acids (FASAAs), sulfonamides (FASAs), and sulfonamidoethanols (FASEs)) in fish muscle. Extraction was performed with acetonitrile followed by a clean-up and fractionation step and instrumental analysis by UPLC/MS/MS and GC/MS. Time trends of PFSAs and their precursors in herring muscle samples originating from the Kattegat at the west coast of Sweden were investigated covering the years 1991-2011. The following analytes were detected, all with decreasing or unchanged trends between 1991 and 2011: Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS, below the method detection limit (<MDL)-10pg/g), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS, 9-38pg/g), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS, 240-930pg/g), perfluorodecane sulfonic acid (PFDS, <MDL-4pg/g), N-methyl and N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid (MeFOSAA and EtFOSAA, 2-39 and 2-31pg/g, respectively) and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA, 78-920pg/g). The highest concentrations were found for PFOS and FOSA around the turn of the century. Shorter disappearance half-lives were observed for precursors compared to PFSAs. Assuming that these trend differences are representative for fish consumed by the general Swedish population, this observation suggests that the relative contribution of precursors to total human exposure to PFOS via fish intake has decreased in Sweden over the study period. PFOS precursors in fish may have constituted a significant indirect exposure pathway for PFOS in the 1990s. Isomer-specific analysis of PFOS and FOSA revealed <10% relative contributions of branched isomers to total PFOS and total FOSA. Furthermore, the percentage branched isomers decreased over time for both compounds. These findings are contrary to patterns and temporal trends of PFOS isomers commonly found in human serum. In combination with literature data on isomer patterns in other edible fish species and on isomer-specific human toxicokinetics, our results suggest that fish consumption alone cannot account for the PFOS isomer patterns and trends observed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ullah
- Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra Huber
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, FRAM-Centre, NO-9007 Tromsø, Norway; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, NO-9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anders Bignert
- Department of Contaminant Research, Swedish Museum of Natural History, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Urs Berger
- Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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