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Gutiérrez Santana JC, Coria Jiménez VR. Burkholderia cepacia complex in cystic fibrosis: critical gaps in diagnosis and therapy. Ann Med 2024; 56:2307503. [PMID: 38261606 PMCID: PMC10810671 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2307503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a bacterial group with 'natural' multi-antimicrobial resistance. This complex has generated epidemic outbreaks across the world. In people with cystic fibrosis (CF), Bcc can cause severe lung infections that lead to accelerated lung damage, which can be complicated by necrotizing pneumonia accompanied by high fevers, leucocytosis, and bacteraemia, which commonly causes fatal outcomes. Specifically, infection by Burkholderia cenocepacia is considered an exclusion criterion for lung transplantation. The species of Bcc exhibit both genetic and phenotypic hypervariability that complicate their accurate microbiological identification. Automated methods such as MALDI-TOF can err in the determination of species. Their slow growth even in selective agars and the absence of international consensuses on the optimal conditions for their isolation make early diagnosis a difficult challenge to overcome. The absence of correlations between antibiograms and clinical results has resulted in the absence of standardized cut-off values of antimicrobial susceptibility, a fact that brings a latent risk since incorrect antibiotic therapy can induce the selection of more aggressive variants that worsen the clinical picture of the host, added to the absence of a clear therapeutic guide for the eradication of pulmonary infections by Bcc in patients with CF, resulting in frequently ineffective treatments. There is an urgent need to standardize methods and diagnostic tools that would allow an early and accurate diagnosis, as well as to perform clinical studies of the effectiveness of available antibiotics to eradicate Bcc infections, which would allow us to establish standardized therapeutic schemes for Bcc-infected patients.
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Leal APF, Nieto Marín V, Cabistany VV, Morales J, Buccini DF, Franco OL. Applicability of mouse models for induction of severe acute lung injury. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2024; 86:102316. [PMID: 39069252 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2024.102316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a significant clinical challenge associated with high morbidity and mortality. Worldwide, it affects approximately 200.000 individuals annually, with a staggering 40 % mortality rate in hospitalized cases and persistent complications in out-of-hospital cases. This review focuses on the key immunological pathways underlying bacterial ALI and the exploration of mouse models as tools for its induction. These models serve as indispensable platforms for unraveling the inflammatory cascades and biological responses inherent to ALI, while also facilitating the evaluation of novel therapeutic agents. However, their utility is not without challenges, mainly due to the stringent biosafety protocols required by the diverse bacterial virulence profiles. Simple and reproducible models of pulmonary bacterial infection are currently available, including intratracheal, intranasal, pleural and, intraperitoneal approaches. These models use endotoxins such as commercially available lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or live pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, all of which are implicated in the pathogenesis of ALI. Combining murine models of bacterial lung infection with in-depth studies of the underlying immunological mechanisms is a cornerstone in advancing the therapeutic landscape for acute bacterial lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Ferreira Leal
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, 79117900, Brazil
| | - Valentina Nieto Marín
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, 79117900, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Varzim Cabistany
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, 79117900, Brazil
| | - Júlia Morales
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, 79117900, Brazil
| | - Danieli Fernanda Buccini
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, 79117900, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, 79117900, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70790160, Brazil.
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Sorrentino U, Menegazzo M, Gabbiato I, Calosci D, Zambon CF, Zuccarello D. Challenges of Preimplantation Genetic Counselling in the Context of Cystic Fibrosis and Other CFTR-Related Disorders: A Monocentric Experience in a Cohort of 92 Couples. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:937. [PMID: 39062716 PMCID: PMC11275312 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a highly prevalent genetic disorder caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the CFTR gene, causing an altered function of the exocrine glands and a subsequent spectrum of hypofunctional and degenerative manifestations. The increasing availability of carrier screening programmes, the enhanced life expectancy of patients due to improved treatment and care strategies and the development of more precise and affordable molecular diagnostic tools have prompted a rise in demand of prenatal diagnosis procedures for at-risk couples, including Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT). However, challenges remain: heterogeneity among screening programmes, nuances of variant interpretation and availability of novel treatments demand a considerate and knowledgeable approach to genetic counselling. In this work, we retrospectively evaluated the molecular data of 92 unselected couples who received a diagnosis of CFTR-related status and were referred to the genetics clinic at the University Hospital of Padua for genetic counselling on eligibility for PGT. A total of 50 couples were considered eligible for the procedure based on risk of transmitting biallelic pathogenic variants. We report and discuss our experience with this case series in the context of the Italian medical care system and present an overview of the most relevant issues regarding genetic counselling for PGT in CFTR-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Sorrentino
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Menegazzo
- Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Surgery Unit, Regional Center for Diabetes Therapy, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Gabbiato
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Calosci
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Zuccarello
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Chen Q, Li J. Molecular mechanism analysis of nontuberculous mycobacteria infection in patients with cystic fibrosis. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:877-888. [PMID: 38700285 PMCID: PMC11290754 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aims to explore the molecular mechanisms of cystic fibrosis (CF) complicated with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection. Materials & methods: Expression profiles of CF with NTM-infected patients were downloaded from GEO database. Intersection analysis yielded 78 genes associated with CF with NTM infection. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and the functions of hub genes were investigated. Results: Five hub genes (PIK3R1, IL1A, CXCR4, ACTN1, PFN1) were identified, which were primarily enriched in actin-related biological processes and pathways. Transcription factors RELA, JUN, NFKB1 and FOS that regulated hub genes modulated IL1A expression, while 21 other transcription factors regulated CXCR4 expression. Conclusion: In summary, this study may provide new insights into the mechanisms of CF with NTM infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihuang Chen
- Department of Tuberculosis, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Tuberculosis, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, 350025, China
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Huang AP, Espina Rey A, Cherian CG, Livingston FR. Clinical Outcomes Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Cureus 2024; 16:e62821. [PMID: 39036102 PMCID: PMC11260353 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channel that leads to impaired mucus clearance in the airways, which leads to deteriorations in lung function and chronic respiratory infection. These effects of CF contribute to the hypothesis that patients with CF may be at increased risk of complications when they catch coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which swept the world in a global pandemic starting in 2019. Overall, however, the role of CF in COVID-19 has not been well studied, particularly in pediatric patients. Methods In this retrospective review, pediatric patients with CF who contracted COVID-19 (3/1/2020-3/1/2023) (N=69) were compared to two equally sized control cohorts of patients with only CF or COVID-19 matched based on demographics and clinical baselines. Occurrences of adverse outcomes (emergency room visits, hospitalizations, CF pulmonary exacerbations, etc.) were assessed for each subject. The mean percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%pred) was also assessed for CF patients. Fisher's exact test assessed differences between the proportions of subjects who experienced each outcome. Independent two-variable t-testing assessed mean FEV1%pred differences. Analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 29 (Released 2023; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States) with a significance α=0.05. Ad hoc power analysis was conducted using G*Power v3.1. Results Overall, CF/COVID subjects fared similarly to control groups without either CF or COVID-19 history, including among subgroups stratified based on baseline respiratory function, P. aeruginosa colonization status, and COVID-19 vaccination status. One notable finding was that CF/COVID subjects experienced significantly fewer pulmonary exacerbations compared to CF-only subjects (p=0.004). Conclusion In conclusion, pediatric CF patients performed similarly to their peers without CF with regard to COVID-19 and generally did not demonstrate significant deteriorations in pulmonary function following infection. Lower incidence of pulmonary exacerbations in CF/COVID subjects could be explained by stringent monitoring by parents, quarantine, or close pulmonology follow-up. These findings will provide guidance on management and care for pediatric CF patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy P Huang
- Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA
| | - Andrea Espina Rey
- Statistics, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA
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Smith AD, Schwartzman G, Lyons CE, Flowers H, Albon D, Greer K, Lonabaugh K, Zlotoff BJ. Cutaneous manifestations of cystic fibrosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024:S0190-9622(24)00670-4. [PMID: 38697219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by a mutation in the Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, and features recurrent sinus and pulmonary infections, steatorrhea, and malnutrition. CF is associated with diverse cutaneous manifestations, including transient reactive papulotranslucent acrokeratoderma of the palms, nutrient deficiency dermatoses, and vasculitis. Rarely these are presenting symptoms of CF, prior to pulmonary or gastrointestinal sequelae. Cutaneous drug eruptions are also highly common in patients with CF (PwCF) given frequent antibiotic exposure. Finally, CFTR modulating therapy, which has revolutionized CF management, is associated with cutaneous side effects ranging from acute urticaria to toxic epidermal necrolysis. Recognition of dermatologic clinical manifestations of CF is important to appropriately care for PwCF. Dermatologists may play a significant role in the diagnosis and management of CF and associated skin complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Smith
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.
| | | | - Catherine E Lyons
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Hal Flowers
- Department of Dermatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Dana Albon
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kenneth Greer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kevin Lonabaugh
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Barrett J Zlotoff
- Department of Dermatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Magi MS, de Lafuente Y, Quarta E, Palena MC, Ardiles PDR, Páez PL, Sonvico F, Buttini F, Jimenez-Kairuz AF. Novel Dry Hyaluronic Acid-Vancomycin Complex Powder for Inhalation, Useful in Pulmonary Infections Associated with Cystic Fibrosis. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:436. [PMID: 38675098 PMCID: PMC11054002 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte-drug complexes are interesting alternatives to improve unfavorable drug properties. Vancomycin (VAN) is an antimicrobial used in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pulmonary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. It is generally administered intravenously with a high incidence of adverse side effects, which could be reduced by intrapulmonary administration. Currently, there are no commercially available inhalable formulations containing VAN. Thus, the present work focuses on the preparation and characterization of an ionic complex between hyaluronic acid (HA) and VAN with potential use in inhalable formulations. A particulate-solid HA-VAN25 complex was obtained by spray drying from an aqueous dispersion. FTIR spectroscopy and thermal analysis confirmed the ionic interaction between HA and VAN, while an amorphous diffraction pattern was observed by X-ray. The powder density, geometric size and morphology showed the suitable aerosolization and aerodynamic performance of the powder, indicating its capability of reaching the deep lung. An in vitro extended-release profile of VAN from the complex was obtained, exceeding 24 h. Microbiological assays against methicillin-resistant and -sensitive reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus showed that VAN preserves its antibacterial efficacy. In conclusion, HA-VAN25 exhibited interesting properties for the development of inhalable formulations with potential efficacy and safety advantages over conventional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- María S. Magi
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba X5000GYA, Argentina; (M.S.M.); (Y.d.L.); (M.C.P.); (P.d.R.A.); (P.L.P.)
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET-UNC), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Yanina de Lafuente
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba X5000GYA, Argentina; (M.S.M.); (Y.d.L.); (M.C.P.); (P.d.R.A.); (P.L.P.)
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET-UNC), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Eride Quarta
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (E.Q.); (F.S.); (F.B.)
| | - María C. Palena
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba X5000GYA, Argentina; (M.S.M.); (Y.d.L.); (M.C.P.); (P.d.R.A.); (P.L.P.)
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET-UNC), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Perla del R. Ardiles
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba X5000GYA, Argentina; (M.S.M.); (Y.d.L.); (M.C.P.); (P.d.R.A.); (P.L.P.)
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET-UNC), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Paulina L. Páez
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba X5000GYA, Argentina; (M.S.M.); (Y.d.L.); (M.C.P.); (P.d.R.A.); (P.L.P.)
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET-UNC), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (E.Q.); (F.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Francesca Buttini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (E.Q.); (F.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Alvaro F. Jimenez-Kairuz
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba X5000GYA, Argentina; (M.S.M.); (Y.d.L.); (M.C.P.); (P.d.R.A.); (P.L.P.)
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET-UNC), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
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Grube P, Nichols H, Ferrell S, Gilham D, Gaylor A, Dunkelberger K. Implementing services for pediatric cystic fibrosis treatment in a community hospital. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2024; 81:219-225. [PMID: 37982450 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxad287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Our community hospital was recently charged with providing care for pediatric people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). Pediatric PwCF generally need a higher level of care than is required by other pediatric patients cared for at our institution. This project aimed to prepare the pharmacy department to care for this specialized population safely and efficiently. SUMMARY The implementation process was divided into 3 phases to accomplish the larger purpose. These phases were as follows: (1) creating order sets and protocols; (2) providing staff and clinical pharmacists with training and resources; and (3) creating and managing clinical decision support. The central aspect of preparing inpatient pharmacy staff to care for PwCF was the development of antibiotic dosing protocols and order sets comprised of intravenous and oral antibiotics as well as aminoglycoside and vancomycin pharmacokinetic guides. A pharmacokinetic calculator was created to assist with aminoglycoside dosing and monitoring. During phase 2, pharmacist education modules were created to provide guidance on cystic fibrosis and medications commonly used to treat it. As the newly designed protocols were enacted, education was provided on how to use them. Phase 3 occurred concurrently, as clinical decision support was vital to completing phases 1 and 2. CONCLUSION The phased approach was imperative to the project's success and kept individual components on track. All parts were completed in just over one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Grube
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Sarah Ferrell
- Parkview Regional Medical Center, Fort Wayne, IN, USA
| | - Denise Gilham
- Pediatric Pulmonary, CF, and Abnormal Newborn Screen Program, Parkview Regional Medical Center, Fort Wayne, IN, USA
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Grube PM, Autry EB, Kormelink LN, Young DC, Zobell JT, Bhakta ZN, Schadler AD, Kuhn RJ. A decade of change: The evolution of pharmacy services at U.S. cystic fibrosis centers. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024; 59:652-661. [PMID: 38050809 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) require a multidisciplinary care team due to disease complexity. The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF) notes that pharmacists are recommended, while other organizations consider pharmacists required. In 2016, the CFF initiated a grant program for CFF-accredited care centers and affiliate programs (CFF-ACCAP) to implement outpatient pharmacy services. The primary objective of this study was to compare surveys regarding pharmacy involvement in CFF-ACCAP pre- and post-grant implementation. METHODS This was an IRB-approved, survey-based study. The surveys were distributed via the CF pharmacist-pharmacy technician and center director e-mail exchanges. RESULTS There are currently 244 CFF-ACCAP and 158 pharmacists. Forty-two pharmacists completed the 2013 survey and 77 completed the 2023 survey. Practice site shifted from primarily the inpatient (58.5%) to outpatient settings (67.5%; p < .001). Most positions were created in the past 7 years (81%) with 50% currently or previously funded by the CFF grant program. CFF center director response decreased from 2013 to 2023 (106 vs. 48) but centers with a dedicated CF pharmacist increased from 2013 to 2023 (66%-86%; p = .014). In the 2023 survey, we received responses from 17 pharmacy technicians, who were newly included. Most of these technicians (64%) reported working in outpatient clinics. CONCLUSIONS Since 2013, pharmacy presence has grown at CFF-ACCAP, partly due to the CFF grant program. Despite pharmacists not being required members of the multidisciplinary care team, their presence is notable in 65% of CFF-ACCAP centers, where they contribute significantly to improving the care provided for pwCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige M Grube
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky Healthcare Kentucky Children's Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Autry
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky Healthcare Kentucky Children's Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lauren N Kormelink
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - David C Young
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jeffery T Zobell
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Intermountain Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Zubin N Bhakta
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Aric D Schadler
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Robert J Kuhn
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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10
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Martínez Redondo M, Carpio Segura C, Zamarrón De Lucas E, Álvarez-Sala Walther R, Prados Sánchez C. Should atelectasis be considered a pulmonary complication and indicator of poor prognosis in cystic fibrosis? J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605241233520. [PMID: 38546237 PMCID: PMC10981250 DOI: 10.1177/03000605241233520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined whether bronchoscopy leads to clinicoradiological improvement in cystic fibrosis (CF) and the predictive factors. The study also investigated whether pulmonary atelectasis is a poor prognostic factor in CF. METHODS This multicenter, case-control, observational, retrospective study included two groups of patients with CF: a case group (patients with persistent atelectasis who were followed-up at least for 2 years) and a control group (patients without atelectasis matched 1:1 by sex and age [±3 years]). We recorded demographic data, lung function test results, pulmonary complications, comorbidities, treatments (including bronchoscopies, surgery and transplantation), and deaths. RESULTS Each group included 55 patients (case group: 20 men, mean age 25.4 ± 10.4 years; control group: 20 men, mean age 26.1 ± 11.4 years). Bronchoscopy did not lead to clinicoradiological improvement. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) was more frequent in the case group. Patients in the case group more frequently used inhaled steroids, their pre-atelectasis lung function was statistically worse, and they had more exacerbations during follow-up. CONCLUSION Moderate-to-severe pulmonary disease and ABPA can favor atelectasis. Pulmonary atelectasis can be a poor prognostic factor in CF because it increases exacerbations. Despite our results, we recommend enhancing treatment, including bronchoscopy, to prevent persistent atelectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Martínez Redondo
- Respiratory Department, CIBERES, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Carpio Segura
- Respiratory Department, CIBERES, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Zamarrón De Lucas
- Respiratory Department, CIBERES, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Álvarez-Sala Walther
- Respiratory Department, CIBERES, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Prados Sánchez
- Respiratory Department, CIBERES, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital-Autónoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Gruber W, Stehling F, Blosch C, Dillenhoefer S, Olivier M, Brinkmann F, Koerner-Rettberg C, Sutharsan S, Mellies U, Taube C, Welsner M. Longitudinal changes in habitual physical activity in adult people with cystic fibrosis in the presence or absence of treatment with elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1284878. [PMID: 38463712 PMCID: PMC10921570 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1284878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Habitual physical activity (PA) and exercise training are accepted as important aspects of care for people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) to improve health-related measures of physical fitness, which in turn have a positive impact on quality of life and prognosis. In the last decade, effective CFTR modulator therapies have become a promising treatment for pwCF by targeting the underlying cause of CF. This highly effective therapy improves clinical outcomes and quality of life in people with specific CFTR mutations. Little is known about the longitudinal pattern of PA or the impact of the highly effective modulator therapy with Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor (ETI) on PA in adult pwCF. This study assessed the course of device-based PA measurement in adult pwCF and evaluated the effects of ETI on habitual physical activity in those who were eligible for ETI. Methods Data from adult pwCF (aged ≥18 years) were analysed at baseline and follow-up, using identical assessments at both time points. Outcome parameters were PA in steps/day and the intensity of PA. The group that received ETI was treated for an average of 33 weeks and not for the entire duration of the period. The data were collected between 2021 and 2022, following the removal of absolute pandemic restrictions/lockdowns. Results Follow-up duration was 5.6 years in pwCF with ETI (ETI group, n = 21) and 6.5 years in pwCF without ETI (non-ETI group, n = 6). From baseline to follow-up, pwCF treated with ETI had a significant increase in steps/day (+25%, p = 0.019) and a non-significant increase in moderate-to-vigorous intensity time (+5.6%, p = 0.352). Conversely, individuals in the non-ETI group showed a non-significant decrease in both steps/day -3.2%, p = 0.893) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity time (-25%, p = 0.207). The ETI group showed a significant decrease in percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (ppFEV1) and FEV1 z-score before the start of ETI treatment, both of which improved significantly after therapy initiation. Body weight and body mass index also improved significantly with ETI use. Conclusions These data suggest that ETI treatment has a positive effect on habitual physical activity behavior in the adult pwCF studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Gruber
- Paediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Stehling
- Paediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christopher Blosch
- Paediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dillenhoefer
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Children’s Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Margarete Olivier
- Paediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Folke Brinkmann
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Children’s Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Cordula Koerner-Rettberg
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Children’s Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Children’s Hospital, Marienhospital Wesel, Wesel, Germany
| | - Sivagurunathan Sutharsan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Uwe Mellies
- Paediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Welsner
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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12
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Chokkalla AK, Tuley P, Kurtca M, Ona H, Ruiz FE, Devaraj S. Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes screening at a large pediatric center. Lab Med 2024:lmae009. [PMID: 38387038 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cystic Fibrosis Foundation guidelines recommend annual diabetes screening by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) starting at the age of 10 years. Adherence to these guidelines proves to be challenging, and the nationwide screening rates are still considered suboptimal. The aim of this study was to assess and improve the screening rates at our large pediatric center. METHODS A 4-year retrospective audit of OGTT completion among pediatric patients with CF of age ≥10 years who are not yet diagnosed with diabetes was conducted. A collaborative working group was formed to identify the barriers to screening and formulate a quality improvement plan, which was monitored and evaluated for a 9-month period. RESULTS Diabetes screening rates determined by OGTT completion at our center showed a gradual decline during the COVID-19 pandemic from 2019 to 2022. Following the implementation of the quality improvement plan during the summer of 2023, there was a marked increase in OGTT ordering compliance by providers as well as test completion by patients. Notably, the fractional OGTT completion rate rose from 45% during the preintervention phase (January-April 2023) to 70% during the postintervention phase (May-September 2023). CONCLUSION Diabetes screening in pediatric patients with CF can be effectively improved by refining practices related to patient experience, care coordination, and laboratory testing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Chokkalla
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, US
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, US
| | - Pamela Tuley
- Section of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, US
| | - Miray Kurtca
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, US
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, US
| | - Herda Ona
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, US
| | - Fadel E Ruiz
- Section of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, US
| | - Sridevi Devaraj
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, US
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, US
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13
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Duehlmeyer SR, Elson EC, Oermann CM. New Tic Disorder in a Child With Cystic Fibrosis Treated With Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2024; 29:82-84. [PMID: 38332957 PMCID: PMC10849685 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-29.1.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The widespread use of highly effective cystic fibrosis transmembrane-conductance regulator -modulator therapy has dramatically altered the lives of individuals with cystic fibrosis. Clinical trials leading to -modulator approval by the US Food and Drug Administration demonstrated improvements in major -outcome measures including pulmonary function, gastrointestinal symptoms, and quality of life. Subsequent clinical experience has confirmed significant improvement across these domains. Adverse effects reported -during clinical trials included headache and dizziness amongst others including upper respiratory infections, abdominal pain, diarrhea, rash, and elevated serum transaminases. Post marketing clinical experience has suggested that there may be additional central nervous system adverse effects resulting from modulator therapy. Reported events after initiation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane-conductance regulator modulator treatment include headaches and increased prevalence of mental health concerns including anxiety and depression. We report a new tic disorder in a 7-year-old girl with cystic fibrosis treated with elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Duehlmeyer
- Departments of Pharmacy (SRD, ECE) and Pediatrics (CMO) Children's Mercy - Kansas City, MO
| | - E Claire Elson
- Departments of Pharmacy (SRD, ECE) and Pediatrics (CMO) Children's Mercy - Kansas City, MO
| | - Christopher M Oermann
- Departments of Pharmacy (SRD, ECE) and Pediatrics (CMO) Children's Mercy - Kansas City, MO
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14
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Kaluzna-Mlynarczyk A, Pucher B, Sroczynski J, Kotowski M, Jonczyk-Potoczna K, Szydlowski J. The development of paranasal sinuses in patients with cystic fibrosis: sinuses volume analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:795-803. [PMID: 37882847 PMCID: PMC10796702 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a severe systemic disease that affects many aspects of patients' lives. It is known that the progression of the disease adversely affects lower and upper airways including the paranasal sinuses. However, its impact on sinus development in the pediatric population is not fully examined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the development of the paranasal sinuses in a pediatric population with CF and compare it to a control group consisting of healthy children. METHODS The results of computed tomography (CT) scans of children with the disease and the control group were evaluated. The study included 114 CT images of children in the study group and 126 images of healthy children aged 0-18 years. The volumes of maxillary, frontal, and sphenoid sinuses were analyzed. The obtained results were compared with those of the control group and analyzed statistically. RESULTS The volume and the development of the paranasal sinuses in both groups increased with age, but statistically significant differences were found between the study and the control group. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results provide valuable knowledge regarding the impact of the CF on sinuses development. Also, they may be important in understanding the progression of the disease and its influence on the quality and length of life of patients. The results may contribute to enhanced diagnostics and have implications for improving therapy for patients with chronic sinusitis associated with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kaluzna-Mlynarczyk
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572, Poznań, Poland.
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Beata Pucher
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jakub Sroczynski
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572, Poznań, Poland
| | - Michal Kotowski
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572, Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jonczyk-Potoczna
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jarosław Szydlowski
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572, Poznań, Poland
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15
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Gutiérrez-Santana JC, Coria-Jiménez VR. Diagnosis and Therapeutic Strategies Based on Nucleic Acid Aptamers Selected against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: The Challenge of Cystic Fibrosis. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300544. [PMID: 38016927 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a rapidly spreading global health problem, and approximately five million deaths associated with AMR pathogens were identified prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has developed increasing AMR, and in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) colonized by this bacterium, rare phenotypes have emerged that complicate the diagnosis and treatment of the hosts, in addition to multiple associated "epidemic strains" with high morbidities and mortalities. The conjugation of aptamers with fluorochromes or nanostructures has allowed the design of new identification strategies for Pseudomonas aeruginosa with detection limits of up to 1 cell ⋅ mL-1 , and the synergy of aptamers with antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides and nanostructures has exhibited promising therapeutic qualities. Some selected aptamers against this bacterium have shown intrinsic antimicrobial activity. However, these aptamers have been poorly evaluated in clinical isolates and have shown decreased interactions for CF isolates, demonstrating, in these cases, uncommon phenotypes resulting from the selective qualities of this disease as well as the great adaptive capacity of the pathogen. Therefore, finding an aptamer or set of aptamers that have the ability to recognize strange phenotypes of this bacillus is crucial in the battle against AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Santana
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes sur 3700-C, Col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco Coyoacán, 04530, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Victor Rafael Coria-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes sur 3700-C, Col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco Coyoacán, 04530, Ciudad de México, México
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16
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Gramegna A, Misuraca S, Lombardi A, Premuda C, Barone I, Ori M, Amati F, Retucci M, Nazzari E, Alicandro G, Ferrarese M, Codecasa L, Bandera A, Aliberti S, Daccò V, Blasi F. Treatable traits and challenges in the clinical management of non-tuberculous mycobacteria lung disease in people with cystic fibrosis. Respir Res 2023; 24:316. [PMID: 38104098 PMCID: PMC10725605 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the last ten years an increasing prevalence and incidence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has been reported among patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) Viviani (J Cyst Fibros, 15(5):619-623, 2016). NTM pulmonary disease has been associated with negative clinical outcomes and often requires pharmacological treatment. Although specific guidelines help clinicians in the process of diagnosis and clinical management, the focus on the multidimensional assessment of concomitant problems is still scarce. MAIN BODY This review aims to identify the treatable traits of NTM pulmonary disease in people with CF and discuss the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in order to detect and manage all the clinical and behavioral aspects of the disease. The multidisciplinary complexity of NTM pulmonary disease in CF requires careful management of respiratory and extra-respiratory, including control of comorbidities, drug interactions and behavioral factors as adherence to therapies. CONCLUSIONS The treatable trait strategy can help to optimize clinical management through systematic assessment of all the aspects of the disease, providing a holistic treatment for such a multi-systemic and complex condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gramegna
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sofia Misuraca
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Lombardi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Premuda
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Barone
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Ori
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Amati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072, Milan, Italy
- Respiratory Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariangela Retucci
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Healthcare Professions Department, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Erica Nazzari
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Alicandro
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ferrarese
- Regional TB Reference Centre, Villa Marelli Institute, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Codecasa
- Regional TB Reference Centre, Villa Marelli Institute, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bandera
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072, Milan, Italy
- Respiratory Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Daccò
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
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Zientek E, Rane S, Godfrey C, Sisson A, Dickinson KM. Factors guiding gastrostomy tube decision-making for caregivers of children with cystic fibrosis: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e076539. [PMID: 38149423 PMCID: PMC10711882 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While ensuring appropriate growth is essential for all children, optimising nutritional status in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) is critical for improving health outcomes. Nutritional challenges in CF are multifactorial and malnutrition is common. While gastrostomy tubes (G-tubes) can improve weight status in individuals with CF, they also have common and chronic complications resulting in clinical equipoise. To date, factors influencing G-tube decision-making among caregivers of children with CF have not been systematically explored. This review aims to chart existing knowledge about caregivers' decisional needs related to G-tube placement, with a focus on caregivers of children with CF, as well as known medical and psychosocial benefits and risks of G-tube feedings in paediatric care. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This scoping review will follow the JBI methodological framework. We will include articles published between 1 January 1985 and 1 November 2023 in English and Spanish from MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Web of Science related to G-tube decision-making. Articles published in languages besides English and Spanish will be excluded. Articles will be screened for final eligibility and inclusion according to title and abstract, followed by full texts. Articles will be independently reviewed by two reviewers and any disagreements discussed with a third reviewer for consensus. We will map themes and concepts, and data extracted will be presented in tabular, diagrams and descriptive summaries. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION As a form of secondary analysis, scoping reviews do not require ethics approval. This review will inform future research with caregivers involved in G-tube decision-making for children with CF. The final review will be submitted to a peer-reviewed scientific journal, disseminated at relevant academic conferences and will be shared with patients and clinicians. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Center for Open Science. https://osf.io/g4pdb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Zientek
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Sanika Rane
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Amy Sisson
- Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Gruber W, Welsner M, Blosch C, Dillenhoefer S, Olivier M, Brinkmann F, Koerner-Rettberg C, Sutharsan S, Mellies U, Taube C, Stehling F. Long-Term Follow-Up of Health-Related Quality of Life and Short-Term Intervention with CFTR Modulator Therapy in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis: Evaluation of Changes over Several Years with or without 33 Weeks of CFTR Modulator Therapy. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2873. [PMID: 37958017 PMCID: PMC10647537 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11212873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal data on changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adult people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) and the longitudinal effects of Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor therapy (ETI) on HRQoL or HRQoL domains are currently scarce. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ETI on HRQoL and compare them with those of pwCF who did not receive highly effective CFTR modulators over a longer period. METHODS Baseline assessment and follow-up data for 5.6 years in pwCF with (n = 21) and 6.5 years in pwCF without (n = 6) ETI (≥18 years) were evaluated. The assessment of HRQoL and clinical parameters was identical at both time points. HRQoL was assessed using the CFQ-R, and clinical outcomes included BMI, ppFEV1, and FEV1 z-score. RESULTS ETI was found to improve all HRQoL domains at more than four points over time, and their increases were significant except for vitality, digestion, treatment burden, and social functioning (p < 0.05). Without ETI, psychosocial domains remained almost constant, whereas most physical domains decreased over time. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study show that ETI therapy has a positive effect on HRQoL and clinical outcomes over time but not in pwCF without ETI treatment. Furthermore, our results suggest that disease progression over time affects the physical domains of HRQoL more than the psychosocial domains. Due to the small sample size and the heterogeneity of the study population (CFTR mutation genotype), the results should be interpreted with some caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Gruber
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Welsner
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen–Ruhrlandklinik, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45239 Essen, Germany
| | - Christopher Blosch
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dillenhoefer
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Children’s Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Margarete Olivier
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Folke Brinkmann
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Children’s Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Sivagurunathan Sutharsan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen–Ruhrlandklinik, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45239 Essen, Germany
| | - Uwe Mellies
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen–Ruhrlandklinik, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45239 Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Stehling
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Hamedi N, Kajbafvala M, ShahAli S, Pourahmadi M, Eshghi A, Estahbanati MM. The effects of aerobic exercises compared to conventional chest physiotherapy on pulmonary function, functional capacity, sputum culture, and quality of life in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis: a study protocol for randomized controlled trial study. Trials 2023; 24:695. [PMID: 37898788 PMCID: PMC10612191 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07719-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by abnormal function of the chloride ion channels and characterized by pancreatic insufficiency and chronic endobronchial airway infection. Pulmonary dysfunction is very common and could lead to a reduction in the quality of life. Airway clearance techniques (ACT) and physical exercises are introduced as one of the main components of treatment. Therefore, it will be of interest to examine the effect of aerobic exercises compared to conventional chest physiotherapy (CPT) on pulmonary function, functional capacity, sputum culture, and quality of life in patients with CF. METHODS Thirty patients with CF will participate in a double-blind parallel controlled trial containing 18 sessions of treatment. Group A consists of CPT and placebo aerobic exercise, and group B includes aerobic exercise and placebo CPT. Pulmonary function, functional capacity, sputum culture, and quality of life will be evaluated with a spirometry test, 6-min walk test (6MWT), sputum culture test, and the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R), respectively, before and after the intervention. DISCUSSION We will evaluate and compare the effectiveness of aerobic exercises and conventional chest physiotherapy on pulmonary function, functional capacity, sputum culture, and quality of life. Comparing these two treatment patterns can contribute to a better understanding of the effectiveness. Therefore, if there is a significant difference between the two treatments, the superior treatment will be prioritized clinically. TRIAL REGISTRATION https://www.irct.ir , IRCT20210505051181N5. Registered on 19 February 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hamedi
- Iranian Center of Excellence in Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Kajbafvala
- Iranian Center of Excellence in Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shabnam ShahAli
- Iranian Center of Excellence in Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - MohammadReza Pourahmadi
- Iranian Center of Excellence in Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Eshghi
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Ali-Asghar Children's Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - MohammadReza Modaresi Estahbanati
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Martín-Rodríguez A, Redondo-Flórez L, Villanueva-Tobaldo CV, Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Epithelial Transport in Disease: An Overview of Pathophysiology and Treatment. Cells 2023; 12:2455. [PMID: 37887299 PMCID: PMC10605148 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial transport is a multifaceted process crucial for maintaining normal physiological functions in the human body. This comprehensive review delves into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying epithelial transport and its significance in disease pathogenesis. Beginning with an introduction to epithelial transport, it covers various forms, including ion, water, and nutrient transfer, followed by an exploration of the processes governing ion transport and hormonal regulation. The review then addresses genetic disorders, like cystic fibrosis and Bartter syndrome, that affect epithelial transport. Furthermore, it investigates the involvement of epithelial transport in the pathophysiology of conditions such as diarrhea, hypertension, and edema. Finally, the review analyzes the impact of renal disease on epithelial transport and highlights the potential for future research to uncover novel therapeutic interventions for conditions like cystic fibrosis, hypertension, and renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
- Group de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | | | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-F.); (C.V.V.-T.)
| | - Carlota Valeria Villanueva-Tobaldo
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-F.); (C.V.V.-T.)
| | - Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile;
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21
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Pappas KB. Newborn Screening. Pediatr Clin North Am 2023; 70:1013-1027. [PMID: 37704344 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The goal of newborn screening is to identify medical conditions that can cause significant morbidity and/or mortality if not treated early in life. Pediatricians often play a vital role in the initial disclosure of newborn screening results and coordination of confirmatory testing, treatment, and referral to specialty care. The goal of this article is to provide an overview of current newborn screening in the United States, focusing on the various disorders, their manifestations, the newborn screening process, the confirmatory testing, and treatments. Some practical considerations will be discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara B Pappas
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Metabolic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.
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22
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Baharara H, Kesharwani P, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Therapeutic potential of phytochemicals for cystic fibrosis. Biofactors 2023; 49:984-1009. [PMID: 37191383 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to review and discuss various phytochemicals that exhibit beneficial effects on mutated membrane channels, and hence, improve transmembrane conductance. These therapeutic phytochemicals may have the potential to decrease mortality and morbidity of CF patients. Four databases were searched using keywords. Relevant studies were identified, and related articles were separated. Google Scholar, as well as gray literature (i.e., information that is not produced by commercial publishers), were also checked for related articles to locate/identify additional studies. The relevant databases were searched a second time to ensure that recent studies were included. In conclusion, while curcumin, genistein, and resveratrol have demonstrated effectiveness in this regard, it should be emphasized that coumarins, quercetin, and other herbal medicines also have beneficial effects on transporter function, transmembrane conductivity, and overall channel activity. Additional in vitro and in vivo studies should be conducted on mutant CFTR to unequivocally define the mechanism by which phytochemicals alter transmembrane channel function/activity, since the results of the studies evaluated in this review have a high degree of heterogenicity and discrepancy. Finally, continued research be undertaken to clearly define the mechanism(s) of action and the therapeutic effects that therapeutic phytochemicals have on the symptoms observed in CF patients in an effort to reduce mortality and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Baharara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, India
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - AmirHossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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23
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Bradley JS, Hajama H, Akong K, Jordan M, Stout D, Rowe RS, Conrad DJ, Hingtgen S, Segall AM. Bacteriophage Therapy of Multidrug-resistant Achromobacter in an 11-Year-old Boy With Cystic Fibrosis Assessed by Metagenome Analysis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2023; 42:754-759. [PMID: 37343220 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease associated with lung disease characterized by chronic pulmonary infection, increasingly caused by multiple drug-resistant pathogens after repeated antibiotic exposure, limiting antibiotic treatment options. Bacteriophages can provide a pathogen-specific bactericidal treatment used with antibiotics to improve microbiologic and clinical outcomes in CF. METHODS Achromobacter species isolates from sputum of a chronically infected person with CF, were assessed for susceptibility to bacteriophages: 2 highly active, purified bacteriophages were administered intravenously every 8 hours, in conjunction with a 14-day piperacillin/tazobactam course for CF exacerbation. Sputum and blood were collected for metagenome analysis during treatment, with sputum analysis at 1-month follow-up. Assessments of clinical status, pulmonary status and laboratory evaluation for safety were conducted. RESULTS Bacteriophage administration was well-tolerated, with no associated clinical or laboratory adverse events. Metagenome analysis documented an 86% decrease in the relative proportion of Achromobacter DNA sequence reads in sputum and a 92% decrease in blood, compared with other bacterial DNA reads, comparing pretreatment and posttreatment samples. Bacteriophage DNA reads were detected in sputum after intravenous administration during treatment, and at 1-month follow-up. Reversal of antibiotic resistance to multiple antibiotics occurred in some isolates during treatment. Stabilization of lung function was documented at 1-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Bacteriophage/antibiotic treatment decreased the host pulmonary bacterial burden for Achromobacter assessed by metagenome analysis of sputum and blood, with ongoing bacteriophage replication documented in sputum at 1-month follow-up. Prospective controlled studies are needed to define the dose, route of administration and duration of bacteriophage therapy for both acute and chronic infection in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Bradley
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, and Rady Children's Hospital
| | - Hamza Hajama
- Department of Biology and Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University
| | - Kathryn Akong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California San Diego, and Rady Children's Hospital
| | - Mary Jordan
- Rady Children's Hospital San Diego Clinical Research
| | - Dayna Stout
- Rady Children's Hospital San Diego Clinical Research
| | - Ryan S Rowe
- Department of Biology and Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University
| | - Douglas J Conrad
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Sara Hingtgen
- Rady Children's Hospital San Diego Clinical Research
| | - Anca M Segall
- Department of Biology and Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University
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24
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Smith BM, Smith TK, Holve S, Connor KA, Coleman C, Tschudy MM. Defining and Promoting Pediatric Pulmonary Health: Equitable Family and Community Partnerships. Pediatrics 2023; 152:e2023062292G. [PMID: 37656028 PMCID: PMC10484323 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-062292g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimizing pulmonary health across the lifespan begins from the earliest stages of childhood and requires a partnership between the family, pulmonologist, and pediatrician to achieve equitable outcomes. The Community Pediatrics session of the Defining and Promoting Pediatric Pulmonary Health workshop weaved together 4 community-based pillars with 4 research principles to set an agenda for future pediatric pulmonary research in optimizing lung and sleep health for children and adolescents. To address diversity, equity, and inclusion, both research proposals and workforce must purposefully include a diverse set of participants that reflects the community served, in addition to embracing nontraditional, community-based sites of care and social determinants of health. To foster inclusive, exploratory, and innovative research, studies must be centered on community priorities, with findings applied to all members of the community, particularly those in historically marginalized and minoritized groups. Research teams should also foster meaningful partnerships with community primary care and family members from study conceptualization. To achieve these goals, implementation and dissemination science should be expanded in pediatric pulmonary research, along with the development of rapid mechanisms to disseminate best practices to community-based clinicians. To build cross-disciplinary collaboration and training, community-academic partnerships, family research partnerships, and integrated research networks are necessary. With research supported by community pillars built on authentic partnerships and guided by inclusive principles, pediatric lung and sleep health can be optimized for all children and adolescents across the full lifespan in the community in which they live and thrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M. Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tyler K. Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine and Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Steve Holve
- Tuba City Regional Health Care, Indian Health Service, Tuba City, Arizona
| | - Katherine A. Connor
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Megan M. Tschudy
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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25
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Sreenivasulu H, Muppalla SK, Vuppalapati S, Shokrolahi M, Reddy Pulliahgaru A. Hope in Every Breath: Navigating the Therapeutic Landscape of Cystic Fibrosis. Cureus 2023; 15:e43603. [PMID: 37719614 PMCID: PMC10504422 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) has long posed a complex challenge to medical science. Still, the tides are turning with remarkable progress in prognosis and demographics, thanks to cutting-edge medical management and treatment breakthroughs. It affects multiple systems, necessitating a comprehensive approach to its management. This article thoroughly reviews the latest advancements in CF treatment across three key areas: respiratory care, infection prevention, and pharmacological management. In respiratory care, emphasis is placed on airway clearance therapies and nebulized saline, while infection prevention strategies encompass hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, and environmental cleaning and disinfection. Pharmacological management explores pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT), antimicrobial treatments, cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) modulators, and promising gene therapies. Patient education and support are highlighted as crucial components of effective CF management, while mental health assessments are emphasized due to CF patients' susceptibility to anxiety and depression. This review highlights the tremendous progress made in the management of CF. Integrating early detection, infection prevention, pharmacological interventions, gene therapy, and patient support is revolutionizing the care and quality of life for individuals with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himabindu Sreenivasulu
- General Medicine, People's Education Society (PES) Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kuppam, IND
| | - Sudheer Kumar Muppalla
- Pediatrics, People's Education Society (PES) Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kuppam, IND
| | - Sravya Vuppalapati
- General Medicine, People's Education Society (PES) Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kuppam, IND
| | | | - Apeksha Reddy Pulliahgaru
- Pediatrics, People's Education Society (PES) Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kuppam, IND
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26
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Chernykh V, Sorokina T, Sedova A, Shtaut M, Solovova O, Marnat E, Adyan T, Beskorovaynaya T, Stepanova A, Shchagina O, Polyakov A. L138ins Variant of the CFTR Gene in Russian Infertile Men. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1407. [PMID: 37510311 PMCID: PMC10379041 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Introduction: Pathogenic variants in the CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator, OMIM: 602421) gene cause Cystic Fibrosis (CF, OMIM: 219700) and CF-related disorders (CF-RD), often accompanied by obstructive azoospermia due to congenital bilateral aplasia of vas deferens (CBAVD, OMIM: 277180) in male patients. The L138ins (c.413_415dup; p. (Leu138dup)) is a mild variant in the CFTR gene that is relatively common among CF-patients in Slavic populations. The frequency of this variant in Russian infertile men has not been sufficiently studied; (2) Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 6033 Russian infertile men. The patients were tested for 22 common in Russian populations pathogenic variants of the CFTR gene and the IVS9Tn-polymorphic locus of the intron 9. Molecular-genetic studies were performed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP-PCR), multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), and nested PCR (for analysis of the IVS9Tn-polymorphic locus); (3) Results: Pathogenic variants in the CFTR were detected in 3.9% of patients. The most frequent variants were F508del and CFTRdele2.3(21kb), accounted for 61.0% and 7.1% of detected variants, respectively. The L138ins variant was detected in 17 (0.28%) individuals: one of them was homozygous, 10 patients were heterozygous, and 6 patients were compound-heterozygous (F508del/L138ins, n = 4; L138ins/N1303K, n = 1; L138ins/5T, n = 1). Two pathogenic CF-causing variants in the CFTR gene were detected in 8 patients, including 7 compound heterozygous (F508del/L138ins, n = 4; F508del/N1303K, n = 1; 2184insA/E92K, n = 1; 3849+10kbC>T/E92K, n = 1) and one homozygous (L138ins/L138ins). The L138ins variant was found in 7 out of 16 (43.75%) chromosomes in six of these patients. The most common pathogenic variant, F508del, was identified in five out of them, in 5 of 16 (31.25%) chromosomes. The allele frequency (AF) of the L138ins variant in the sample has been found to be 0.0014.; (4) Conclusions: The L138ins variant of the CFTR gene is the third most common variant after F508del and CFTRdele2.3(kb) among Russian infertile men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav Chernykh
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (O.S.); (T.A.); (T.B.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.P.)
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Tatyana Sorokina
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (O.S.); (T.A.); (T.B.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Sedova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (O.S.); (T.A.); (T.B.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Maria Shtaut
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (O.S.); (T.A.); (T.B.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Olga Solovova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (O.S.); (T.A.); (T.B.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Ekaterina Marnat
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Tagui Adyan
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (O.S.); (T.A.); (T.B.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Tatyana Beskorovaynaya
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (O.S.); (T.A.); (T.B.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Stepanova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (O.S.); (T.A.); (T.B.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Olga Shchagina
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (O.S.); (T.A.); (T.B.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Aleksandr Polyakov
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (O.S.); (T.A.); (T.B.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.P.)
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Fainardi V, Capoferri G, Tornesello M, Pisi G, Esposito S. Telemedicine and Its Application in Cystic Fibrosis. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1041. [PMID: 37511654 PMCID: PMC10381340 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13071041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The care of cystic fibrosis (CF) traditionally consists of regular visits to the clinic where a multidisciplinary team can visit the patient, adjust treatments and monitor the disease. During the COVID-19 pandemic when access to hospitals and medical environments was very limited, the role of telemedicine was crucial to keep in touch with patients with chronic diseases such as CF. Increasing evidence demonstrates that electronic health can successfully support healthcare professionals in the management of people with CF. The use of devices connected to digital platforms or smartphones results in a continuous flow of data that can be shared with the clinician and the team in order to improve the knowledge of patients' diseases and the level of care needed. This narrative review aims to describe the application of telemedicine in CF disease with pros and cons. A literature analysis showed that telemedicine has several advantages in the management of patients with CF. With the evolving support of digital technology, telemedicine can promote clinical visits, adherence to daily treatment, including respiratory physiotherapy and physical exercise, early identification of pulmonary exacerbations and management of psychological issues. The main disadvantages are missed physical exam findings, lack of physical contact that can prevent conversation on sensitive topics, lack of access to technology and lack of technological skills. Furthermore, healthcare operators need appropriate training for telemedicine systems and need time to organise and analyse data generated remotely, which may increase the burden of daily work. Hybrid personalised care models that marge telemedicine and traditional care can be an ideal solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fainardi
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Gaia Capoferri
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Tornesello
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pisi
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
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28
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Yang S, Hu H, Kung H, Zou R, Dai Y, Hu Y, Wang T, Lv T, Yu J, Li F. Organoids: The current status and biomedical applications. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e274. [PMID: 37215622 PMCID: PMC10192887 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) miniaturized versions of organs or tissues that are derived from cells with stem potential and can self-organize and differentiate into 3D cell masses, recapitulating the morphology and functions of their in vivo counterparts. Organoid culture is an emerging 3D culture technology, and organoids derived from various organs and tissues, such as the brain, lung, heart, liver, and kidney, have been generated. Compared with traditional bidimensional culture, organoid culture systems have the unique advantage of conserving parental gene expression and mutation characteristics, as well as long-term maintenance of the function and biological characteristics of the parental cells in vitro. All these features of organoids open up new opportunities for drug discovery, large-scale drug screening, and precision medicine. Another major application of organoids is disease modeling, and especially various hereditary diseases that are difficult to model in vitro have been modeled with organoids by combining genome editing technologies. Herein, we introduce the development and current advances in the organoid technology field. We focus on the applications of organoids in basic biology and clinical research, and also highlight their limitations and future perspectives. We hope that this review can provide a valuable reference for the developments and applications of organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Yang
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Haijie Hu
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Hengchung Kung
- Krieger School of Arts and SciencesJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ruiqi Zou
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Yushi Dai
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Yafei Hu
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Tianrun Lv
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Jun Yu
- Departments of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Departments of OncologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Fuyu Li
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
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29
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de Souza Furtado J, de Almeida Brasiel PG, Luquetti SCPD. Profile of the intestinal microbiota of patients with cystic fibrosis: A systematic review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 55:400-406. [PMID: 37202074 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disease that can compromise several human body organs. The autosomal recessive genetic disorder is caused by different mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, responsible for chloride ion transport across apical membranes of epithelial cells in tissues and bicarbonate secretion. In this study, we provide a systematic review of the profile of the intestinal microbiota of cystic fibrosis individuals. METHODS The review was conducted according to Preferred Items of Reports for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases were searched for relevant articles until Jully 2022. RESULTS Eighteen studies (1304 participants) met the inclusion criteria. The quality and bias was assessed using the Methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS) tool, with the majority of the studies indicating medium to high quality. Results showed significant changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota of the individuals with CF compared with healthy controls, with increased of Enterococcus, Veillonella, and Streptococcus, and decreased of Bifidobacterium, Roseburia, and Alistipes genus. The intestinal bacterial community of CF patients was marked by a reduction in its richness and diversity. CONCLUSION The systematic review suggests a change in the intestinal microbiota of CF individuals, characterized by a reduction in microbial diversity and abundance of some bacterial markers.
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30
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Faverio P, Zanini U, Monzani A, Parati G, Luppi F, Lombardi C, Perger E. Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Chronic Respiratory Infections: A Narrative Review in Adult and Pediatric Population. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065504. [PMID: 36982578 PMCID: PMC10052011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) comprises different diseases characterized by abnormal respiratory patterns during sleep including obstructive sleep apnea. SDB prevalence and impact in patients with chronic respiratory infections have been only marginally studied. The purpose of this narrative review is to report the prevalence and impact of SDB in chronic respiratory infections, including cystic fibrosis (CF), bronchiectasis and mycobacterial infections, and explore the possible pathophysiological mechanisms. Common pathophysiological mechanisms, underlying SDB onset in all chronic respiratory infections, include inflammation, which plays a central role, chronic nocturnal cough and pain, excessive production of mucous plugs, presence of obstructive and/or restrictive ventilatory impairment, upper airways involvement, and comorbidities, such as alteration of nutritional status. SDB may affect about 50% of patients with bronchiectasis. The severity of the disease, e.g., patients colonized with P. aeruginosa and frequent exacerbators, as well as comorbidities, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and primary ciliary dyskinesia, may impact SDB onset. SDB may also frequently complicate the clinical course of both children and adults with CF, impacting the quality of life and disease prognosis, suggesting that their routine assessment should be incorporated into the clinical evaluation of patients from the first stages of the disease regardless of suggestive symptoms, in order to avoid late diagnosis. Finally, although the prevalence of SDB in patients with mycobacterial infections is uncertain, extrapulmonary manifestations, particularly nasopharyngeal locations, and concomitant symptoms, such as body pain and depression, may act as atypical predisposing factors for their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Faverio
- UOC Pneumologia, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy; (P.F.); (U.Z.)
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Umberto Zanini
- UOC Pneumologia, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy; (P.F.); (U.Z.)
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Anna Monzani
- UOC Pneumologia, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy; (P.F.); (U.Z.)
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Sleep Disorders Center & Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Luppi
- UOC Pneumologia, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy; (P.F.); (U.Z.)
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Carolina Lombardi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Sleep Disorders Center & Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Perger
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Sleep Disorders Center & Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, 20149 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Gonzalez-Rosales N, Kasi AS, McCracken CE, Silva GL, Starks M, Stecenko A, Guglani L. Impact of viral respiratory infections on pulmonary exacerbations in children with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023; 58:871-877. [PMID: 36479634 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral respiratory infections trigger pulmonary exacerbations (PEs) in children with cystic fibrosis (CF), but their clinical impact is not well understood. METHODS A retrospective review of pediatric patients with CF who underwent nasopharyngeal respiratory viral panel testing during hospitalization for a PE between 2011 and 2018 was conducted. Patients were dichotomized into viral-positive and viral-negative groups. The results of spirometry, respiratory cultures, duration of hospitalization, and risk for subsequent PEs were analyzed. RESULTS Ninety-five patients had 210 hospitalizations for PE (viral-positive = 71/210, 34%) during the study period. Rhinovirus/enterovirus was the most common virus (52/71, 73%) identified. Viral-positive patients were younger (p < 0.001), had higher baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (p = 0.037), continued to maintain higher FEV1 at 3 and 6 months following PE (p = 0.003 and 0.002, respectively), and had a shorter duration of hospitalization (p = 0.006) compared to the viral-negative group. There was no difference between the two groups in the rate of recovery of FEV1 at 3 and 6 months following PE (p = 0.71 and 0.405, respectively), time to the next PE (hazard ratio = 1.34, p = 0.157), number of subsequent PEs in 6 months (p = 0.99), or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) acquisition (p = 0.707). CONCLUSIONS In this single pediatric CF center cohort, one-third of PEs requiring hospitalization were associated with a viral infection, with rhinovirus/enterovirus being the most common. Viral-positive PEs were not associated with a greater decline or delayed recovery of lung function, increased risk for PA acquisition, shortened duration to next PE, longer hospital stay, or an increase in the frequency of subsequent PEs in 6 months compared to viral-negative PEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Gonzalez-Rosales
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ajay S Kasi
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Courtney E McCracken
- Pediatric Biostatistics Core, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - George L Silva
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Miah Starks
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Cystic Fibrosis Care Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Arlene Stecenko
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lokesh Guglani
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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A FOETUS WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS – TO TREAT OR NOT TO TREAT? Respir Med Res 2023; 83:101006. [PMID: 37037055 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2023.101006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive health condition caused by gene mutations causing quantitative and or qualitative defect in the cystic-fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. CFTR defects lead to abnormal ion transport affecting multiple body systems. In CF thick secretions accumulate causing impairment in the pancreas, whole airways, gut and reproductive organs. CFTR MODULATORS AND PREGNANCY CFTR modulators have improved the quantity and quality of life of CF patients. There is limited literature on CFTR modulator use in pregnancy and its impact on foetal health. A recent case report described a child with CF being born with pancreatic sufficiency following in-utero CFTR modulator exposure. We review the potential impact of in-utero exposure to CFTR modulators, focusing on pancreatic function and future fertility of unborn individuals with CF. CONCLUSION CFTR modulator exposure in-utero is a new concept, therefore the consequences on foetal health remain uncertain. Foetal exposure to modulators could prevent pancreatic damage and infertility.
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Perikleous EP, Gkentzi D, Bertzouanis A, Paraskakis E, Sovtic A, Fouzas S. Antibiotic Resistance in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis: Past, Present, and Future. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020217. [PMID: 36830128 PMCID: PMC9951886 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are repeatedly exposed to antibiotics, especially during the pulmonary exacerbations of the disease. However, the available therapeutic strategies are frequently inadequate to eradicate the involved pathogens and most importantly, facilitate the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The evaluation of AMR is demanding; conventional culture-based susceptibility-testing techniques cannot account for the lung microenvironment and/or the adaptive mechanisms developed by the pathogens, such as biofilm formation. Moreover, features linked to modified pharmaco-kinetics and pulmonary parenchyma penetration make the dosing of antibiotics even more challenging. In this review, we present the existing knowledge regarding AMR in CF, we shortly review the existing therapeutic strategies, and we discuss the future directions of antimicrobial stewardship. Due to the increasing difficulty in eradicating strains that develop AMR, the appropriate management should rely on targeting the underlying resistance mechanisms; thus, the interest in novel, molecular-based diagnostic tools, such as metagenomic sequencing and next-generation transcriptomics, has increased exponentially. Moreover, since the development of new antibiotics has a slow pace, the design of effective treatment strategies to eradicate persistent infections represents an urgency that requires consorted work. In this regard, both the management and monitoring of antibiotics usage are obligatory and more relevant than ever.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Despoina Gkentzi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Patras Medical School, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Aris Bertzouanis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Patras Medical School, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Paraskakis
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aleksandar Sovtic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Pulmonology, Mother and Child Health Institute of Serbia, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sotirios Fouzas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Patras Medical School, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2610-999980
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Myer H, Chupita S, Jnah A. Cystic Fibrosis: Back to the Basics. Neonatal Netw 2023; 42:23-30. [PMID: 36631257 DOI: 10.1891/nn-2022-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetic disorder in Caucasian individuals, with an incidence of 1/2,500-3,500 live births. When CF was first described in 1938, most children died in infancy. Currently, the average lifespan is 28-47.7 years. Although new breakthroughs have occurred, CF is still incurable. Both early diagnosis and treatment by multidisciplinary teams are essential to optimize short- and long-term outcomes. It is imperative for neonatal clinicians to keep up to date on the most current research, treatment, and management of CF to provide the best outcomes. This article offers clinicians an updated review of the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of CF, as well as current evidence-based diagnostics and treatment regimens.
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Bilious Emesis and Failure to Pass Meconium in the Nursery: A Case Study. Neonatal Netw 2023; 42:31-36. [PMID: 36631261 DOI: 10.1891/nn-2022-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a case of an infant born to a mother with COVID-19, who at 24 hours of life was treated with a glycerin suppository for failure to pass meconium and went on to develop bilious emesis and abdominal distention as feeding continued over the next several hours. After a barium enema identified the distal obstruction, the pediatric surgical team used rectal irrigation to remove a large meconium plug, which mimicked the appearance of the descending colon on plain film, in a case of small left colon syndrome. Although intestinal obstruction in the newborn is rare, it is imperative that it is promptly diagnosed and treated appropriately to avoid negative outcomes; which, even in perhaps the mildest form of functional distal obstruction, meconium plug syndrome, can lead to an impressive clinical illness with risk of intestinal perforation and subsequent meconium peritonitis if the obstruction is not relieved.
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36
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DeFilippo EMM, Talwalkar JS, Harris ZM, Butcher J, Nasr SZ. Transitions of Care in Cystic Fibrosis. Clin Chest Med 2022; 43:757-771. [PMID: 36344079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The development of formal transition models emerged to reduce variability in care, including cystic fibrosis (CF) responsibility, independence, self-care, and education (RISE), which provides a standardized transition program, including knowledge assessments, self-management checklists, and milestones for people with CF. Despite these interventions, the current landscape of health care transition (HCT) remains suboptimal, and additional focused attention on HCT is necessary. Standardization of assessment tools to gauge the efficacy of transfer from pediatric to adult care is a high priority. Such tools should incorporate both clinical and patient-centered outcomes to provide a comprehensive picture of progress and deficiencies of the HCT process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaideep S Talwalkar
- Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Adult Cystic Fibrosis Program, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zachary M Harris
- Yale Adult Cystic Fibrosis Program, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jennifer Butcher
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Psychology, Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Samya Z Nasr
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan Health, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5212, USA.
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Humaj-Grysztar M, Rachel M, Śmiech-Michalec O, Bonior J. Mental Health of Cystic Fibrosis Patients and the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland: A Single-Center Comparative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192316056. [PMID: 36498128 PMCID: PMC9736216 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Research shows that people with cystic fibrosis are more prone to suffer from psychological problems than healthy people; thus, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland could have had an impact on their mental health. To assess this impact, we examined the mental health of patients before and during the pandemic. Survey participants were asked to fill in questionnaires that consisted of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), 12-Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R; for the purpose of the study, an emotional functioning domain was used) during their hospital visits. A total of 81 patients took part in the study: 39 before the COVID-19 pandemic (BP) and 42 during the COVID-19 pandemic (DP). Patients' medians were lower for the BDI, GHQ-12 and higher for the emotional domain of CFQ-R during the pandemic (3, 6, 75 vs. 4, 10, 73.33). Fewer patients felt that their mental health had deteriorated during the pandemic (Δχ2 = 7.723; p = 0.005), and GHQ-12 scores were lower in the DP group (Z = -3.044; p = 0.002). No significant differences were found between groups in terms of experiencing depressive symptoms (Δχ2 = 1.036; p = 0.309). It was found that patients with cystic fibrosis from our study group not only maintained but also improved their mental health state during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Humaj-Grysztar
- Laboratory of Fundamentals in Midwifery Care, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Cracow, Poland
| | - Marta Rachel
- Institue of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
- Allergology Outpatient Department, Provincial Hospital No. 2, Lwowska 60, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Olga Śmiech-Michalec
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Cracow, Poland
| | - Joanna Bonior
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Cracow, Poland
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Scull CE, Luo M, Jennings S, Taylor CM, Wang G. Cftr deletion in mouse epithelial and immune cells differentially influence the intestinal microbiota. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1130. [PMID: 36289287 PMCID: PMC9605958 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-threatening genetic disorder, caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane-conductance regulator gene (cftr) that encodes CFTR, a cAMP-activated chloride and bicarbonate channel. Clinically, CF lung disease dominates the adult patient population. However, its gastrointestinal illness claims the early morbidity and mortality, manifesting as intestinal dysbiosis, inflammation and obstruction. As CF is widely accepted as a disease of epithelial dysfunction, it is unknown whether CFTR loss-of-function in immune cells contributes to these clinical outcomes. Using cftr genetic knockout and bone marrow transplantation mouse models, we performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the intestinal microbes. Here we show that cftr deletion in both epithelial and immune cells collectively influence the intestinal microbiota. However, the immune defect is a major factor determining the dysbiosis in the small intestine, while the epithelial defect largely influences that in the large intestine. This finding revises the current concept by suggesting that CF epithelial defect and immune defect play differential roles in CF intestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie E Scull
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Scott Jennings
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Guoshun Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Li Pomi F, Di Bartolomeo L, Vaccaro M, Lentini M, Cristadoro S, Lucanto MC, Lombardo M, Costa S, Borgia F. Malassezia Folliculitis following Triple Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58091204. [PMID: 36143881 PMCID: PMC9503821 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-combination therapy with elexacaftor, tezacaftor and ivacaftor has been recently approved for cystic fibrosis patients with at least one F508del mutation in the transmembrane conductance regulator of the cystic fibrosis gene. Among the adverse events of elexacaftor, tezacaftor and ivacaftor, the cutaneous ones have been rarely reported, mainly dealing with urticarial-like rashes. On this topic, we report two cases of Malassezia folliculitis following triple therapy administration in two young females. In the first patient, a papulopustular rush appeared before the folliculitis while in the second patient it was not preceded by other skin manifestations. The diagnosis was confirmed both by dermoscopy and histology. The prompt response to systemic antimycotic drugs provided further evidence for the causative role of Malassezia, requiring no discontinuation of cystic fibrosis therapy. We could hypothesize that the triple regimen treatment may induce changes in the skin microbiome, potentially able to favor colonization and proliferation of Malassezia species. Physicians should be aware of such associations to allow prompt diagnosis and early interventions, avoiding useless drug removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Li Pomi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Di Bartolomeo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Mario Vaccaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Lentini
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood Gaetano Barresi, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Simona Cristadoro
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Gastroenterology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood Gaetano Barresi, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Lucanto
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Gastroenterology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood Gaetano Barresi, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Mariangela Lombardo
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Gastroenterology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood Gaetano Barresi, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Stefano Costa
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Gastroenterology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood Gaetano Barresi, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Borgia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Ellis K, Brandt-Sarif M, Sunny J, Koyfman S. General Hepatitis. Pediatr Rev 2022; 43:493-506. [PMID: 36045156 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2021-005279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Nayir Buyuksahin H, Emiralioglu N, Ozsezen B, Ademhan Tural D, Sunman B, Guzelkas I, Tezel B, Dayangaç Erden D, Yalçın E, Dogru D, Ozcelik U, Kiper N. Cystic fibrosis newborn screening: Five-year experience from a tertiary care center. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:403-410. [PMID: 34842364 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newborn screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF) was implemented in our country on January 1, 2015, based on immunoreactive trypsinogen tests (IRT/IRT). Here, we aimed to evaluate the diagnoses of patients and follow-up process within the first 5 years of NBS from a tertiary care center. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients who were admitted to our pediatric pulmonology department for sweat test (ST) via NBS. Patients with CF with negative NBS results and those with CF with positive NBS and joined our follow-up were also investigated. Clinical outcome measures were compared between patients with CF with positive and negative NBS. RESULTS Six hundred sixty infants who were referred for ST via NBS were included. Across the entire study population (n = 683), 11.4% of patients had CF (14.1% of had negative NBS in this CF group). The sensitivity of NBS was found as 84.9% and the positive predictive value (PPV) was 9.4%. The median age at diagnosis was older (p < 0.001), reluctance for feeding and Pseudobartter syndrome (PBS) were significantly higher at presentation in the negative NBS group. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding weight-for-age (p = 0.899) and height-for-age (p = 0.491) in the first 2 years' follow-ups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed the low sensitivity and PPV of NBS; therefore, further studies based on all patients in our country are necessary for new cut-off values. PBS and reluctance for feeding should be alarm symptoms for CF even if the infants had negative NBS. Additionally, later diagnosis of patients who had negative NBS did not affect the nutritional outcomes; we need large-scale prospective studies to optimize nutritional benefits for all infants diagnosed via NBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halime Nayir Buyuksahin
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nagehan Emiralioglu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Beste Ozsezen
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilber Ademhan Tural
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Birce Sunman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ismail Guzelkas
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Basak Tezel
- General Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Didem Dayangaç Erden
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Yalçın
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Dogru
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ugur Ozcelik
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nural Kiper
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Nayir Buyuksahin H, Yalçın E, Emiralioglu N, Hazırolan G, Ademhan Tural D, Ozsezen B, Sunman B, Guzelkas I, Dogru D, Ozcelik U, Kiper N. The effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa eradication regimens on chronic colonization and clinical outcomes in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e15249. [PMID: 36321341 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization (Pa-CC) affects cystic fibrosis (CF) progression, including pulmonary exacerbations and pulmonary function tests. There are few studies of the effects of eradication protocols on colonization time. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effect of eradication regimens on chronic colonization and assess the impact of Pa-CC on body mass index, lung functions, and pulmonary exacerbations. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted of medical records, over a period of 11 years, of children aged under 18 years with CF who had Pa-CC in our tertiary care pediatric hospital. RESULTS Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in 215 of our patients with CF during the study period. Forty-four patients with Pa-CC were recruited for the study. The eradication treatment for the initial acquisition of P. aeruginosa was inhaled antibiotics in 27 (61.4%) patients; the remainder were given intravenous antibiotics. It was observed that eradication treatment with either IV or inhaled antibiotics did not affect the time between the P. aeruginosa and the time of Pa-CC(P = 0.791). There was a non-significant decrease in the body mass index z-score from the Pa-IA to the last visit(P = 0.27), a significant decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%) (P = 0.01) over time, and the annual number of exacerbations after colonization was significantly higher than before colonization (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS There was no difference between eradication regimens in delaying the age at Pa-CC. Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization in patients with CF was also associated with poorer lung functions, lower body mass index, and more pulmonary exacerbation regardless of mucoid type. Consequently, to slow the progression of lung disease, we must prevent Pa-CC, which we can achieve with early eradication. Despite conventional eradication protocols, future studies need to evaluate those who fail to clear P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halime Nayir Buyuksahin
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Yalçın
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nagehan Emiralioglu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulsen Hazırolan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilber Ademhan Tural
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Beste Ozsezen
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Birce Sunman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ismail Guzelkas
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Dogru
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ugur Ozcelik
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nural Kiper
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Reeves SR. Primary nasal epithelial cells from patients with cystic fibrosis hold promise for guiding precision medicine and expanding treatment. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:2102735. [PMID: 34857588 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02735-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Reeves
- Dept of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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Bennett M, Nogueira AF, Flores MM, Reis Silva T. Cystic fibrosis: a diagnosis in an adolescent. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e245971. [PMID: 34844966 PMCID: PMC8634203 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-245971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) develop multisystemic clinical manifestations, the minority having mild or atypical symptoms. We describe an adolescent with chronic cough and purulent rhinorrhoea since the first year of life, with diagnoses of asthma, allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis. Under therapy with long-acting bronchodilators, antihistamines, inhaled corticosteroids, antileukotrienes and several courses of empirical oral antibiotic therapy, there was no clinical improvement. There was no reference to gastrointestinal symptoms. Due to clinical worsening, extended investigations were initiated, which revealed Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sputum culture, sweat test with a positive result and heterozygosity for F508del and R334W mutations in genetic study which allowed to confirm the diagnosis of CF. In this case, heterozygosity with a class IV mutation can explain the atypical clinical presentation. It is very important to consider this diagnosis when chronic symptoms persist, despite optimised therapy for other respiratory pathologies and in case of isolation of atypical bacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Bennett
- Pediatric, Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra EPE, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | - Teresa Reis Silva
- Pediatric, Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra EPE, Coimbra, Portugal
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Evaluation of Aerosol Therapy during the Escalation of Care in a Model of Adult Cystic Fibrosis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050472. [PMID: 33919035 PMCID: PMC8142975 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung disease is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF). CF patients inhale antibiotics regularly as treatment against persistent bacterial infections. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of clinical intervention on aerosol therapy during the escalation of care using a bench model of adult CF. Droplet size analysis of selected antibiotics was completed in tandem with the delivered aerosol dose (% of total dose) assessments in simulations of various interventions providing oxygen supplementation or ventilatory support. Results highlight the variability of aerosolised dose delivery. In the homecare setting, the vibrating mesh nebuliser (VMN) delivered significantly more than the jet nebuliser (JN) (16.15 ± 0.86% versus 6.51 ± 2.15%). In the hospital setting, using VMN only, significant variability was seen across clinical interventions. In the emergency department, VMN plus mouthpiece (no supplemental oxygen) was seen to deliver (29.02 ± 1.41%) versus low flow nasal therapy (10 L per minute (LPM) oxygen) (1.81 ± 0.47%) and high flow nasal therapy (50 LPM oxygen) (3.36 ± 0.34%). In the ward/intensive care unit, non-invasive ventilation recorded 19.02 ± 0.28%, versus 22.64 ± 1.88% of the dose delivered during invasive mechanical ventilation. These results will have application in the design of intervention-appropriate aerosol therapy strategies and will be of use to researchers developing new therapeutics for application in cystic fibrosis and beyond.
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