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Lörsch F, Schmid AM, Thomas TA, Brand M, Müller A, Steins-Loeber S. The effect of individual differences on Pavlovian conditioning in specific Internet-use disorders. Behav Brain Res 2024; 476:115254. [PMID: 39307287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
The I-PACE model suggests that Internet-use disorders result from the interplay of individual vulnerabilities and cognitive and affective processes. As in substance use disorders, Pavlovian conditioning processes are attributed a key role. However, and despite progress in identifying individual vulnerabilities, factors influencing appetitive conditioning remain poorly understood. We therefore conducted a Pavlovian conditioning experiment in which individuals with risky as well as non-problematic use of either gaming or buying-shopping applications learned to associate different abstract stimuli with either gaming or buying-shopping. Regression analyses were used to identify individual characteristics influencing awareness of the experimental contingencies, speed of acquisition of awareness and the magnitude of the conditioned emotional responses regarding pleasantness and arousal ratings of the stimuli. Results demonstrated successful Pavlovian conditioning and an attentional bias towards reward-predicting cues. Awareness of the experimental contingencies was linked solely to cognitive abilities, while the speed of acquisition of awareness and the magnitude of conditioned responses was influenced by specific personality characteristics, experiences of compensation from using the application and severity of problematic use. Importantly, certain characteristics specifically predicted the magnitude of the conditioned response towards gaming, while others specifically predicted the response towards buying-shopping, highlighting differing vulnerabilities. These findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions and prevention strategies tailored to these specific vulnerability factors. Further implications and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Lörsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich-University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany.
| | - Anna M Schmid
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich-University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Tobias A Thomas
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Matthias Brand
- Department of General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Müller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Sabine Steins-Loeber
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich-University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
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2
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Ruiz NA, Eckardt D, Briand LA, Wimmer M, Murty VP. Connecting self-report and instrumental behavior during incubation of food craving in humans. Learn Mem 2024; 31:a053869. [PMID: 39084866 PMCID: PMC11369634 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053869.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Incubation of craving is a phenomenon describing the intensification of craving for a reward over extended periods of abstinence from reinforcement. Animal models use instrumental markers of craving to reward cues to examine incubation, while human paradigms rely on subjective self-reports. Here, we characterize an animal-inspired, novel human paradigm that showed strong positive relationships between self-reports and instrumental markers of craving for favored palatable foods. Further, we found consistent nonlinear relationships with time since last consumption and self-reports, and preliminary patterns between time and instrumental responses. These findings provide a novel approach to establishing an animal-inspired human model of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Ruiz
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Devlin Eckardt
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Lisa A Briand
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Mathieu Wimmer
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Vishnu P Murty
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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Fujimoto Y, Fujino J, Matsuyoshi D, Jitoku D, Kobayashi N, Qian C, Okuzumi S, Tei S, Tamura T, Ueno T, Yamada M, Takahashi H. Neural responses to gaming content on social media in young adults. Behav Brain Res 2024; 467:115004. [PMID: 38631660 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Excessive gaming can impair both mental and physical health, drawing widespread public and clinical attention, especially among young generations. People are now more exposed to gaming-related content on social media than before, and this exposure may have a significant impact on their behavior. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this effect remain unexplored. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), this study aimed to investigate the neural activity induced by gaming-related content on social media among young adults casually playing online games. While being assessed by fMRI, the participants watched gaming-related videos and neutral (nongaming) videos on social media. The gaming-related cues significantly activated several brain areas, including the medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, superior/middle temporal gyrus, precuneus and occipital regions, compared with the neutral cues. Additionally, the participants' gaming desire levels positively correlated with a gaming-related cue-induced activation in the left orbitofrontal cortex and the right superior temporal gyrus. These findings extend previous studies on gaming cues and provide useful information to elucidate the effects of gaming-related content on social media in young adults. Continued research using real-world gaming cues may help improve our understanding of promoting gaming habits and provide support to individuals vulnerable to gaming addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Fujimoto
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Junya Fujino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Matsuyoshi
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Jitoku
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nanase Kobayashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chenyu Qian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Okuzumi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shisei Tei
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute of Applied Brain Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan; School of Human and Social Sciences, Tokyo International University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takehiro Tamura
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takefumi Ueno
- Division of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Hizen Psychiatric Medical Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Makiko Yamada
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan; Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Chen P, Wang J, Tang G, Chen G, Xiao S, Guo Z, Qi Z, Wang J, Wang Y. Large-scale network abnormality in behavioral addiction. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:743-751. [PMID: 38521138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers have endeavored to ascertain the network dysfunction associated with behavioral addiction (BA) through the utilization of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). Nevertheless, the identification of aberrant patterns within large-scale networks pertaining to BA has proven to be challenging. METHODS Whole-brain seed-based rsFC studies comparing subjects with BA and healthy controls (HC) were collected from multiple databases. Multilevel kernel density analysis was employed to ascertain brain networks in which BA was linked to hyper-connectivity or hypo-connectivity with each prior network. RESULTS Fifty-six seed-based rsFC publications (1755 individuals with BA and 1828 HC) were included in the meta-analysis. The present study indicate that individuals with BAs exhibit (1) hypo-connectivity within the fronto-parietal network (FN) and hypo- and hyper-connectivity within the ventral attention network (VAN); (2) hypo-connectivity between the FN and regions of the VAN, hypo-connectivity between the VAN and regions of the FN and default mode network (DMN), hyper-connectivity between the DMN and regions of the FN; (3) hypo-connectivity between the reward system and regions of the sensorimotor network (SS), DMN and VAN; (4) hypo-connectivity between the FN and regions of the SS, hyper-connectivity between the VAN and regions of the SS. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide impetus for a conceptual framework positing a model of BA characterized by disconnected functional coordination among large-scale networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Junjing Wang
- Department of Applied Psychology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guixian Tang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Guanmao Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shu Xiao
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zixuan Guo
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhangzhang Qi
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jurong Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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Ma P, Xia Z, Zhao Y, Zhao Y. Comparative efficacy of different interventions on executive function in adolescents with internet use disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 174:197-208. [PMID: 38648724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation and relapse of Internet use disorder (IUD) are related to the decline in executive function. Previous studies have indicated that exercise intervention and high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) can improve the cognitive abilities of adolescents with IUD. However, the combined intervention's impact on executive function in these adolescents remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effects and differences of multimodal exercise, HD-tDCS intervention, and combined intervention on the executive function of adolescents with IUD. METHODS Forty-eight adolescents with IUD were randomly assigned to the multimodal exercise group, HD-tDCS intervention group, combined intervention group, and control group. The intervention groups received 4 weeks of moderate-intensity multimodal exercise, HD-tDCS intervention (2 mA, 20min/session, 3 times/week), or combined multimodal exercise with HD-tDCS intervention. The control group received conventional educational learning. Executive function measurements were taken before intervention, after intervention, and 2 weeks post-intervention. RESULTS Compared to pre-intervention, different interventions effectively improved the behavioral performance of adolescents with IUD in executive function tasks. In comparison to single interventions, the combined intervention significantly outperformed multimodal exercise and HD-tDCS intervention in influencing the executive function (especially inhibitory control and working memory) in adolescents with IUD. CONCLUSION Combined multimodal exercise with HD-tDCS intervention proves to be an effective means of enhancing executive function in adolescents with IUD, particularly contributing to the improvement of explicit behavioral performance related to executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisheng Ma
- Graduate Work Department, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Zhongliang Xia
- School of Physical Education, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yunbo Zhao
- School of Sports Science, Anyang Preschool Education College, Anyang, China.
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Shenyang Institute of Science and Technology, Shenyang, China.
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Jitoku D, Kobayashi N, Fujimoto Y, Qian C, Okuzumi S, Tei S, Matsuyoshi D, Tamura T, Takahashi H, Ueno T, Yamada M, Fujino J. Explicit and implicit effects of gaming content on social media on the behavior of young adults. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1332462. [PMID: 38328373 PMCID: PMC10847366 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1332462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive gameplay can have negative effects on both mental and physical health, especially among young people. Nowadays, social media platforms are bombarding users with gaming-related content daily. Understanding the effect of this content on people's behavior is essential to gain insight into problematic gaming habits. However, this issue is yet to be studied extensively. In this study, we examined how gaming-related content on social media affects young adults explicitly and implicitly. We studied 25 healthy young adults (average age 21.5 ± 2.2) who played online games casually and asked them to report their gaming desire. We also conducted an implicit association test (IAT) to measure their implicit attitudes toward gaming-related content. We also investigated the relationship between these measures and various psychological factors, such as personality traits, self-efficacy, impulsiveness, and cognitive flexibility. The results revealed that participants had a higher explicit gaming desire when exposed to gaming-related cues on social media than neutral cues. They also had a robust positive implicit attitude toward gaming-related content on social media. Explicit gaming desire was positively correlated with neuroticism levels. Furthermore, the IAT effect was negatively correlated with self-efficacy and cognitive flexibility levels. However, there were no significant correlations between explicit gaming desire/IAT effect and impulsiveness levels. These findings suggest that gaming-related content on social media can affect young adults' behavior both explicitly and implicitly, highlighting the need for further research to prevent gaming addiction in vulnerable individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Jitoku
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nanase Kobayashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Fujimoto
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Chenyu Qian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Okuzumi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shisei Tei
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Applied Brain Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
- School of Human and Social Sciences, Tokyo International University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsuyoshi
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takehiro Tamura
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takefumi Ueno
- Division of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Hizen Psychiatric Medical Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Makiko Yamada
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Junya Fujino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
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7
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Xu Y, Chen Q, Tian Y. The Impact of Problematic Social Media Use on Inhibitory Control and the Role of Fear of Missing Out: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:117-128. [PMID: 38223309 PMCID: PMC10787569 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s441858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The general deficit in inhibitory control of problematic social media users has received widespread attention. However, the neural correlates of problematic social media use (PSMU) and inhibitory control remain unclear. Additionally, the co-occurrence of the fear of missing out (FoMO) with social media use is common, yet its role in the relationship between PSMU and inhibitory control has not been investigated. Methods This study aimed to examine the electrophysiological correlates of PSMU and inhibitory control using a modified two-choice oddball task combined with event-related potentials (ERPs), and to explore the role of FoMO in this relationship. A total of 66 participants with varying degrees of PSMU were included in the analysis based on the Problematic Mobile Social Media Usage Questionnaire. Results The study found that PSMU could impact inhibitory control. Specifically, as the PSMU score increases, the N2 amplitude is greater for social media-related pictures, and the P3 amplitude is smaller, while no significant differences are observed for neutral pictures. This suggests that PSMU affects inhibitory control by consuming more cognitive resources in the early conflict detection stage and leading to insufficient cognitive resources in the later stages of the inhibitory process. Furthermore, FoMO played a mediating role between PSMU and inhibitory control. PSMU could further impact inhibitory control through FoMO. Conclusion This study provides electrophysiological evidence for deficits in inhibitory control in PSMU and suggests that FoMO may further reduce inhibitory control in PSMU individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinglin Chen
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Psychology and Behavior of Discipline lnspection and Supervision (Sichuan Normal University), Chengdu, 610066, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Tian
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, People’s Republic of China
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Pistre N, Schreck B, Grall-Bronnec M, Fatseas M. Should problematic sexual behavior be viewed under the scope of addiction? A systematic review based on DSM-5 substance use disorder criteria. Addict Behav Rep 2023; 18:100510. [PMID: 37519859 PMCID: PMC10374865 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite similarities between compulsive sexual disorder and substance use disorder, the issue whether problematic sexual behavior should be viewed within an addiction framework continues to be a subject of debate with no consensus regarding its conceptualization and diagnosis criteria. Examining the presence of addiction criteria among clinical and no clinical samples in the existing literature could permit to ascertain clinical validity of sex addiction diagnosis and support its overlapping feature with other addictive disorders. The aim of this systematic review was to examine this issue by assessing DSM-5 criteria of substance use disorder among individuals engaged in problematic sexual activity. Methods: Using PRISMA criteria, three databases were comprehensively searched up to April 2022, in order to identify all candidate studies based on broad key words. Resulting studies were then selected if they examined problematic sexual behavior within the framework of DSM-5 addiction criteria. Results: Twenty articles matched the selection criteria and were included in this review. DSM-5 criteria of addictive disorders were found to be highly prevalent among problematic sex users, particularly craving, loss of control over sex use, and negative consequences related to sexual behavior. Exposition to sexual cues was also shown to trigger craving, with an association to problematic use and symptom severity. Conclusions: More studies should been done to assess homogeneously according to the DSM-5 criteria the addiction-like features of problematic sexual behaviors in clinical and no-clinical populations. Furthermore, this work argues for the need of further research to examine the extent to which anti-craving interventions could be effective in improving clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Pistre
- Department of Addictology, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoît Schreck
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, UIC Psychiatrie et Santé Mentale, F-44000 Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, Univ Tours, CHU Nantes, INSERM, MethodS in Patient-Centered Outcomes and HEalth ResEarch, SPHERE, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Marie Grall-Bronnec
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, UIC Psychiatrie et Santé Mentale, F-44000 Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, Univ Tours, CHU Nantes, INSERM, MethodS in Patient-Centered Outcomes and HEalth ResEarch, SPHERE, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Melina Fatseas
- Department of Addictology, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Addictology, CH Charles Perrens, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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Antons S, Yip SW, Lacadie CM, Dadashkarimi J, Scheinost D, Brand M, Potenza MN. Connectome-based prediction of craving in gambling disorder and cocaine use disorder. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 25:33-42. [PMID: 37190759 PMCID: PMC10190201 DOI: 10.1080/19585969.2023.2208586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Craving, involving intense and urgent desires to engage in specific behaviours, is a feature of addictions. Multiple studies implicate regions of salience/limbic networks and basal ganglia, fronto-parietal, medial frontal regions in craving in addictions. However, prior studies have not identified common neural networks that reliably predict craving across substance and behavioural addictions. METHODS Functional magnetic resonance imaging during an audiovisual cue-reactivity task and connectome-based predictive modelling (CPM), a data-driven method for generating brain-behavioural models, were used to study individuals with cocaine-use disorder and gambling disorder. Functions of nodes and networks relevant to craving were identified and interpreted based on meta-analytic data. RESULTS Craving was predicted by neural connectivity across disorders. The highest degree nodes were mostly located in the prefrontal cortex. Overall, the prediction model included complex networks including motor/sensory, fronto-parietal, and default-mode networks. The decoding revealed high functional associations with components of memory, valence ratings, physiological responses, and finger movement/motor imagery. CONCLUSIONS Craving could be predicted across substance and behavioural addictions. The model may reflect general neural mechanisms of craving despite specificities of individual disorders. Prefrontal regions associated with working memory and autobiographical memory seem important in predicting craving. For further validation, the model should be tested in diverse samples and contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Antons
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah W. Yip
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cheryl M. Lacadie
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Dustin Scheinost
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthias Brand
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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10
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Antons S, Liebherr M, Brand M, Brandtner A. From game engagement to craving responses - The role of gratification and compensation experiences during video-gaming in casual and at-risk gamers. Addict Behav Rep 2023; 18:100520. [PMID: 38149224 PMCID: PMC10749870 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although playing videogames is a common leisure activity some individuals develop problematic gaming behaviors or even symptoms of a gaming disorder. Game engagement may be involved in reinforcement learning that may result in experiences of craving, an important feature of gaming disorder. In the following study we aimed to approach the question which aspects contribute to increased craving for gaming. Methods Overall, 439 individuals participated in an online survey, answering questionnaires on game engagement, experience of gratification and compensation, craving, and symptoms of gaming disorder. A mediation model testing if the association between game engagement and facets of craving are mediated by the experience of gratification and compensation during gaming. Results Three facets of craving (reward/relief, physiological, obsessive craving) were statistically explained by game engagement and the experience of gratification and compensation. Models differed between casual gamers and at-risk gamers. The effects on reward/relief and physiological craving were fully mediated in the casual group and partially mediated in the at-risk group by gratification and compensation experiences. Conclusion Game engagement may contribute to the development of craving by increasing the experience of gratification and compensation and thus might be important in reinforcement learning. Games evoking a high engagement may therefore have a higher addictive potential. Further processes potentially related to game engagement, such as intrusive thoughts and desire thinking, which are related to craving experiences, should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Antons
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
| | - M. Liebherr
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany
| | - M. Brand
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
| | - A. Brandtner
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany
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Mathar D, Wiebe A, Tuzsus D, Knauth K, Peters J. Erotic cue exposure increases physiological arousal, biases choices toward immediate rewards, and attenuates model-based reinforcement learning. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14381. [PMID: 37435973 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Computational psychiatry focuses on identifying core cognitive processes that appear altered across distinct psychiatric disorders. Temporal discounting of future rewards and model-based control during reinforcement learning have proven as two promising candidates. Despite its trait-like stability, temporal discounting may be at least partly under contextual control. Highly arousing cues were shown to increase discounting, although evidence to date remains somewhat mixed. Whether model-based reinforcement learning is similarly affected by arousing cues remains unclear. Here, we tested cue-reactivity effects (erotic pictures) on subsequent temporal discounting and model-based reinforcement learning in a within-subjects design in n = 39 healthy heterosexual male participants. Self-reported and physiological arousal (cardiac activity and pupil dilation) were assessed before and during cue exposure. Arousal was increased during exposure of erotic versus neutral cues both on the subjective and autonomic level. Erotic cue exposure increased discounting as reflected by more impatient choices. Hierarchical drift diffusion modeling (DDM) linked increased discounting to a shift in the starting point bias of evidence accumulation toward immediate options. Model-based control during reinforcement learning was reduced following erotic cues according to model-agnostic analysis. Notably, DDM linked this effect to attenuated forgetting rates of unchosen options, leaving the model-based control parameter unchanged. Our findings replicate previous work on cue-reactivity effects in temporal discounting and for the first time show similar effects in model-based reinforcement learning in a heterosexual male sample. This highlights how environmental cues can impact core human decision processes and reveal that comprehensive modeling approaches can yield novel insights in reward-based decision processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mathar
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Annika Wiebe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Deniz Tuzsus
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kilian Knauth
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Peters
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Hong SJ, Lee D, Park J, Kim T, Jung YC, Shon YM, Kim IY. Severity identification for internet gaming disorder using heart rate variability reactivity for gaming cues: a deep learning approach. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1231045. [PMID: 38025469 PMCID: PMC10662324 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1231045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The diminished executive control along with cue-reactivity has been suggested to play an important role in addiction. Hear rate variability (HRV), which is related to the autonomic nervous system, is a useful biomarker that can reflect cognitive-emotional responses to stimuli. In this study, Internet gaming disorder (IGD) subjects' autonomic response to gaming-related cues was evaluated by measuring HRV changes in exposure to gaming situation. We investigated whether this HRV reactivity can significantly classify the categorical classification according to the severity of IGD. Methods The present study included 70 subjects and classified them into 4 classes (normal, mild, moderate and severe) according to their IGD severity. We measured HRV for 5 min after the start of their preferred Internet game to reflect the autonomic response upon exposure to gaming. The neural parameters of deep learning model were trained using time-frequency parameters of HRV. Using the Class Activation Mapping (CAM) algorithm, we analyzed whether the deep learning model could predict the severity classification of IGD and which areas of the time-frequency series were mainly involved. Results The trained deep learning model showed an accuracy of 95.10% and F-1 scores of 0.995 (normal), 0.994 (mild), 0.995 (moderate), and 0.999 (severe) for the four classes of IGD severity classification. As a result of checking the input of the deep learning model using the CAM algorithm, the high frequency (HF)-HRV was related to the severity classification of IGD. In the case of severe IGD, low frequency (LF)-HRV as well as HF-HRV were identified as regions of interest in the deep learning model. Conclusion In a deep learning model using the time-frequency HRV data, a significant predictor of IGD severity classification was parasympathetic tone reactivity when exposed to gaming situations. The reactivity of the sympathetic tone for the gaming situation could predict only the severe group of IGD. This study suggests that the autonomic response to the game-related cues can reflect the addiction status to the game.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jun Hong
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokjong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsick Park
- Division of Research Planning, Mental Health Research Institute, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyung Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Jung
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Shon
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Sakulsriprasert C, Thawornwutichat R, Phukao D, Guadamuz TE. Early maladaptive schemas and addictive behaviours: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Psychother 2023; 30:1416-1432. [PMID: 37464912 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, early maladaptive schemas have been increasingly focused as the underlying factor of several psychopathologies. The primary objective is to systematically review and meta-analytically analyse the evidence on the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and types of addictive behaviours. Additionally, the secondary objective was to examine potential moderators of the effect sizes. METHODS The systematic search was conducted on three databases including 'Scopus', 'Web of Science' and 'PubMed'. They were searched for quantitative studies investigating the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and addictive behaviours. The studies that were non-English and had insufficient information to calculate effect sizes were excluded. The random-effect model was utilized to estimate the pool effect sizes, and the meta-regression was used for moderation analysis. RESULTS Thirty-three studies with 12,577 participants were included for analyses. Most of included studies were conducted in the United States (k = 12, 36.36%). The mean ages of participants varied from 13.32 to 46.09 years. The findings indicated that all of early maladaptive schemas and schema domains positively correlated with addictive behaviours. The disconnection and rejection, impaired limits and impaired autonomy were the domains with the highest association with substance addictions (pool r = 0.338, 3.26 and 3.16, respectively). Furthermore, disconnection and rejection and impaired autonomy were the schema domains with the highest association with behavioural addictions (0.310 and 0.304, respectively). The moderation analysis demonstrated that study design was the factor affecting the effect sizes between schema domain and addictive behaviours. LIMITATION All included studies were from peer-reviewed journals in English. Moreover, the number of research examining the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and behavioural addictions was limited. CONCLUSION The findings provide evidence supporting the idea that substance addictions and behavioural addictions have shared risk factors, supporting the validity of the schema model, which can be applied for targeting and preventing addictive behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiyun Sakulsriprasert
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Ratipan Thawornwutichat
- Center of Excellence in Research on Gender, Sexuality and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Darunee Phukao
- Department of Health Social Science, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Thomas E Guadamuz
- Center of Excellence in Research on Gender, Sexuality and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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María-Ríos CE, Fitzpatrick CJ, Czesak FN, Morrow JD. Effects of predictive and incentive value manipulation on sign- and goal-tracking behavior. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2023; 203:107796. [PMID: 37385521 PMCID: PMC10599606 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
When a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an appetitive reward, two different types of conditioned approach responses may develop: a sign-tracking response directed toward the neutral cue, or a goal-tracking response directed toward the location of impending reward delivery. Sign-tracking responses have been postulated to result from attribution of incentive value to conditioned cues, while goal-tracking reflects the assignment of only predictive value to the cue. We therefore hypothesized that sign-tracking rats would be more sensitive to manipulations of incentive value, while goal-tracking rats would be more responsive to changes in the predictive value of the cue. We tested sign- and goal-tracking before and after devaluation of a food reward using lithium chloride, and tested whether either response could be learned under negative contingency conditions that precluded any serendipitous reinforcement of the behavior that might support instrumental learning. We also tested the effects of blocking the predictive value of a cue using simultaneous presentation of a pre-conditioned cue. We found that sign-tracking was sensitive to outcome devaluation, while goal-tracking was not. We also confirmed that both responses are Pavlovian because they can be learned under negative contingency conditions. Goal-tracking was almost completely blocked by a pre-conditioned cue, while sign-tracking was much less sensitive to such interference. These results indicate that sign- and goal-tracking may follow different rules of reinforcement learning and suggest a need to revise current models of associative learning to account for these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina E María-Ríos
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, 204 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Francesca N Czesak
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, 204 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jonathan D Morrow
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, 204 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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15
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Diers M, Müller SM, Mallon L, Schmid AM, Thomas TA, Klein L, Krikova K, Stark R, Wegmann E, Steins-Loeber S, Brand M, Antons S. Cue-reactivity to distal cues in individuals at risk for gaming disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2023; 125:152399. [PMID: 37437451 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaming disorder (GD) is a disorder due to addictive behaviors (ICD-11). Cue-reactivity and craving are relevant mechanisms in the development and maintenance of addictive behaviors. When confronted with cues showing in-game content (proximal cues) individuals with higher symptom severity show increased cue-reactivity. Based on conditioning and addiction theories on incentive sensitization, cue-reactivity responses may generalize to more distal cues, e.g. when individuals at risk of developing a GD are confronted with a starting page of an online game. In cue-reactivity paradigms so far, only proximal gaming cues have been used. METHODS We investigated the effect of distal gaming cues compared to gaming-unrelated control cues on cue-reactivity and craving in 88 individuals with non-problematic use of online games (nPGU) and 69 individuals at risk for GD (rGD). The distal cues showed the use of an electronic device (e.g., desktop PC or smartphone) whose screen showed starting pages of either games (target cues), shopping- or pornography sites (control cues) from a first-person perspective. FINDINGS We found significantly higher urge and arousal ratings as well as longer viewing times for gaming-related compared to gaming-unrelated control cues in rGD compared to nPGU. Valence ratings did not differ between groups. INTERPRETATION The results demonstrate that already distal gaming-specific cues lead to cue-reactivity and craving in rGD. This finding indicates that based on conditioning processes, cue-reactivity and craving develop during the course of GD and generalize to cues that are only moderately related to the specific gaming activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Diers
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Silke M Müller
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
| | - Lukas Mallon
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anna M Schmid
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Tobias A Thomas
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lena Klein
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Kseniya Krikova
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University Siegen, Siegen, Germany; Bender Institute for Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Stark
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Bender Institute for Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Phillips University Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - Elisa Wegmann
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Steins-Loeber
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Brand
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Antons
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
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16
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DeGrace S, Romero‐Sanchiz P, Yakovenko I, Barrett SP, Tibbo P, Cosman T, Atasoy P, Stewart SH. Do we really need two sessions?: The use of a structured interview as a trauma cue reactivity paradigm. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2023; 33:e1979. [PMID: 37430485 PMCID: PMC10804321 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Derived from classical conditioning theory and rooted in motivational mechanisms, cue reactivity paradigms (CRPs) are used in addictions research to measure participants' propensities for substance-relevant responses (e.g., craving) during exposure to substance-relevant cues (e.g., drug paraphernalia). CRPs are also useful in PTSD-addiction comorbidity research, allowing the study of affective and substance-relevant responses to trauma cues. However, studies using traditional CRPs are time-consuming with high attrition rates due to repeat testing. Thus, we sought to test whether a single session semi-structured trauma interview could serve as a CRP in terms of eliciting theorized cue exposure effects on craving and affect measures. METHOD Fifty regular cannabis users with trauma histories provided detailed descriptions of their most traumatic lifetime experience, and a neutral experience, according to an established interview protocol. Linear mixed models examined the effect of cue type (trauma vs. neutral) on affective and craving responses. RESULTS As hypothesized, the trauma interview elicited significantly greater cannabis craving (and alcohol craving among the drinkers), and, greater negative affect among those with more severe PTSD symptoms, compared to the neutral interview. CONCLUSION Results suggest an established semi-structured interview may function effectively as a CRP for use in trauma and addictions research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah DeGrace
- Department of PsychiatryDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | | | - Igor Yakovenko
- Department of PsychiatryDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Sean P. Barrett
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Philip Tibbo
- Department of PsychiatryDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Tessa Cosman
- Department of PsychiatryDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Pars Atasoy
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Sherry H. Stewart
- Department of PsychiatryDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
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17
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van Timmeren T, van Holst RJ, Goudriaan AE. Striatal ups or downs? Neural correlates of monetary reward anticipation, cue reactivity and their interaction in alcohol use disorder and gambling disorder. J Behav Addict 2023; 12:571-583. [PMID: 37133998 PMCID: PMC10316165 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2023.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Dysfunction of the striatum, a brain region part of the mesolimbic reward system, is a key characteristic of addictive disorders, but neuroimaging studies have reported conflicting findings. An integrative model of addiction points to the presence or absence of addiction-related cues as an explanation for hyper- or hypoactivation, respectively, of the striatum. Methods To test this model directly, we investigated striatal activation during monetary reward anticipation in the presence versus absence of addiction-related cues using functional MRI. Across two studies, we compared 46 alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients with 30 matched healthy controls; and 24 gambling disorder (GD) patients with 22 matched healthy controls. Results During monetary reward anticipation, hypoactivation of the reward system was seen in AUD individuals compared to HCs. Additionally, a behavioral interaction was seen where gambling cues made participants, across groups, respond faster for bigger, but slower for smaller rewards. However, no striatal differences were seen in response to addiction-related cues between AUD or GD patients and their matched controls. Finally, despite substantial individual differences in neural activity to cue-reactivity and reward anticipation, these measures did not correlate, suggesting that they contribute independently to addiction aetiology. Discussion and Conclusions Our findings replicate previous findings of blunted striatal activity during monetary reward anticipation in alcohol use disorder but do not support the idea that addiction-related cues explain striatal dysfunction as suggested by the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim van Timmeren
- Department of Social Health and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
- ABC Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1001 NK, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth J. van Holst
- ABC Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1001 NK, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna E. Goudriaan
- ABC Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1001 NK, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Arkin Mental Health, The Netherlands
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18
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Rosenthal A, Chen K, Beck A, Romanczuk-Seiferth N. Modifying Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer by approach avoidance training in healthy subjects: a proof of concept study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10074. [PMID: 37344561 PMCID: PMC10284857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The modulation of instrumental action by conditioned Pavlovian cues is hypothesized to play a role in the emergence and maintenance of maladaptive behavior. The Pavlovian to Instrumental transfer task (PIT) is designed to examine the magnitude of the influence of cues on behavior and we aim to manipulate the motivational value of Pavlovian cues to reduce their effect on instrumental responding. To this end, we utilized a joystick-based modification of approach and avoidance propensities that has shown success in clinical populations. To examine changes in PIT, we subjected 35 healthy participants to a series of experimental procedures: (1) Instrumental training was followed by (2) Pavlovian conditioning of neutral stimuli that were associated with monetary reward or loss. (3) In a subsequent joystick task, approach and avoidance tendencies toward conditioned cues were assessed. (4) In a transfer test, the PIT effect as the impact of conditioned cues on instrumental behavior was measured. (5) The explicit knowledge of cue-reward contingencies was assessed in a forced-choice phase. (6, 7) systematic joystick training was followed by a posttest (8) the transfer task and forced-choice test were repeated. We found no effect of training on approach-avoidance propensities in the context of this proof of concept study. A higher response rate towards negative stimuli during PIT after systematic training compared to sham training was seen. On the other hand, we saw an increased PIT effect after sham training. These results contribute to the understanding of the strength of the influence of cues on instrumental behavior. Our findings further stress the importance of context, instructions and operationalization of instrumental behavior in the framework of transfer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Rosenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences|CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences|CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Beck
- Faculty of Health, Health and Medical University, Campus Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nina Romanczuk-Seiferth
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences|CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Wadsley M, Ihssen N. A Systematic Review of Structural and Functional MRI Studies Investigating Social Networking Site Use. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050787. [PMID: 37239257 PMCID: PMC10216498 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
An understanding of the neurocognitive profile underlying the use of social networking sites (SNSs) can help inform decisions about the classification of problematic SNS use as an addictive disorder and elucidate how/when 'SNS addiction' might develop. The present review aimed to synthesize structural and functional MRI research investigating problematic/compulsive forms of SNS use or regular (non-addicted) SNS use behaviours. We conducted a systematic search for research articles published in English using the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases up to October 2022. Studies meeting our inclusion criteria were assessed for quality and a narrative synthesis of the results was conducted. Twenty-eight relevant articles were identified comprising structural MRI (n = 9), resting-state fMRI (n = 6) and task-based fMRI studies (n = 13). Current evidence suggests that problematic SNS use might be characterised by (1) reduced volume of the ventral striatum, amygdala, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex and posterior insula; (2) increased ventral striatum and precuneus activity in response to SNS cues; (3) abnormal functional connectivity involving the dorsal attention network; (4) inter-hemispheric communication deficits. Regular SNS use behaviours appear to recruit regions involved in the mentalising network, the self-referential cognition network, the salience network, the reward network and the default mode network. Such findings are at least partially consistent with observations from the substance addiction literature and provide some provisional support for the addictive potential of SNSs. Nonetheless, the present review is limited by the small number of eligible studies and large heterogeneity in the methods employed, and so our conclusions should remain tentative. Moreover, there is a lack of longitudinal evidence suggesting SNSs cause neuroadaptations and thus conclusions that problematic SNS use represents a disease process akin to substance use addictions are premature. More well-powered longitudinal research is needed to establish the neural consequences of excessive and problematic SNS use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wadsley
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Niklas Ihssen
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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20
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Thomas TA, Joshi M, Trotzke P, Steins-Loeber S, Müller A. Cognitive Functions in Compulsive Buying-Shopping Disorder: a Systematic Review. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-023-00255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of the Review
To provide a systematic review of experimental studies concerning cognitive functions in compulsive buying-shopping disorder (CBSD) and to evaluate the studies as supporting or not supporting the affective and cognitive interactions proposed by the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model for addictive behaviors.
Recent Findings
The results of the present review concerning CBSD mirror findings regarding cue reactivity and disadvantageous decision making in other addictive behaviors, but they also demonstrate a relative lack of experimental studies addressing other cognitive domains such as attentional bias, inhibitory control, implicit associations, or Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer. Experimental work on physiological and neural correlates of affective and cognitive mechanisms and their interaction in CBSD is still at the beginning.
Summary
While a reasonable number of experimental neuropsychological studies support the application of the I-PACE framework to CBSD, future research is required to systematically examine affective and cognitive interactions in CBSD.
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21
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Henemann GM, Schmitgen MM, Wolf ND, Hirjak D, Kubera KM, Sambataro F, Bach P, Koenig J, Wolf RC. Cognitive domain-independent aberrant frontoparietal network strength in individuals with excessive smartphone use. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 329:111593. [PMID: 36724625 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Excessive smartphone use (ESU) may fulfill criteria for addictive behavior. In contrast to other related behavioral addictions, particularly Internet Gaming Disorder, little is known about the neural correlates underlying ESU. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to acquire task data from three distinct behavioral paradigms, i.e. cue-reactivity, inhibition, and working memory, in individuals with psychometrically defined ESU (n = 19) compared to controls (n-ESU; n = 20). The Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI) was used to quantify ESU-severity according to a novel five-factor model (SPAI-I). A multivariate data fusion approach, i.e. joint Independent Component Analysis (jICA) was employed to analyze fMRI-data derived from three separate experimental conditions, but analyzed jointly to detect converging and domain-independent neural signatures that differ between persons with vs. those without ESU. Across the three functional tasks, jICA identified a predominantly frontoparietal system that showed lower network strength in individuals with ESU compared to n-ESU (p < 0.05 FDR-corrected). Furthermore, significant associations between frontoparietal network strength and SPAI-I's dimensions "time spent" and "craving" were found. The data suggest a frontoparietal cognitive control network as cognitive domain-independent neural signature of excessive and potentially addictive smartphone use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun M Henemann
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Mike M Schmitgen
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Nadine D Wolf
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katharina M Kubera
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neurosciences, Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Patrick Bach
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julian Koenig
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Christian Wolf
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Germany.
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22
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Yu F, Li J, Xu L, Zheng X, Fu M, Li K, Yao S, Kendrick KM, Montag C, Becker B. Opposing associations of Internet Use Disorder symptom domains with structural and functional organization of the striatum: A dimensional neuroimaging approach. J Behav Addict 2022; 11:1068-1079. [PMID: 36422683 PMCID: PMC9881660 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests brain structural and functional alterations in Internet Use Disorder (IUD). However, conclusions are strongly limited due to the retrospective case-control design of the studies, small samples, and the focus on general rather than symptom-specific approaches. METHODS We here employed a dimensional multi-methodical MRI-neuroimaging design in a final sample of n = 203 subjects to examine associations between levels of IUD and its symptom-dimensions (loss of control/time management, craving/social problems) with brain structure, resting state and task-based (pain empathy, affective go/no-go) brain function. RESULTS Although the present sample covered the entire range of IUD, including normal, problematic as well as pathological levels, general IUD symptom load was not associated with brain structural or functional alterations. However, the symptom-dimensions exhibited opposing associations with the intrinsic and structural organization of the brain, such that loss of control/time management exhibited negative associations with intrinsic striatal networks and hippocampal volume, while craving/social problems exhibited a positive association with intrinsic striatal networks and caudate volume. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provided the first evidence for IUD symptom-domain specific associations with progressive alterations in the intrinsic structural and functional organization of the brain, particularly of striatal systems involved in reward, habitual and cognitive control processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangwen Yu
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jialin Li
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Xu
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zheng
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meina Fu
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Keshuang Li
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuxia Yao
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Keith M. Kendrick
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Christian Montag
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Becker
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,Corresponding author. E-mail:
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23
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García-Castro J, Cancela A, Cárdaba MAM. Neural cue-reactivity in pathological gambling as evidence for behavioral addiction: a systematic review. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-12. [PMID: 36373116 PMCID: PMC9638381 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Increasing incidence of problem gambling has led to prioritizing the problem from the point of view of public health. Additionally, gambling disorder has been recently classified as a behavioral addiction, with implications for both its diagnosis and treatment. However, the shared neural substrate of addictions, to substances and behavioral, is still discussed. Thus, this systematic review aims to provide up-to-date knowledge from the past five years (2017-2022) concerning the neural correlates of gambling related stimuli (cue-reactivity) on the basis of a previous review (Brevers et al., Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience 18:718-729, 2019). A total of five studies were included in the review. Activation of brain areas related to memory, reward and executive functions could be the underlying mechanism of this behavioral addiction. Specifically, nucleus accumbens and striatum (ventral and dorsal), parahippocampal regions, the right amygdala and several prefrontal cortex regions have systematically been found more active in those subjects exposed to gambling-related cues. Also, the insula could play a pivotal role connecting these three systems in a highly integrated neural network with several implications for reward processing modulation, associative learning and top-down attentional regulation to improve saliency of addiction-related cues. These results are consistent with previous findings on other substance addictions, such as alcohol, tobacco, marijuana or cocaine. The study of neural reactivity to stimuli related to addiction could be useful as a biomarker of the severity of the disorder, the efficacy of the treatment, the risk of relapse, in addition to being an objective criterion to measure the effectiveness of prevention campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Cancela
- Universidad Villanueva, C/Costa Brava, 6 28034, Madrid, Spain
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24
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Wells TJ, Krejčová L, Binter J, Pfaus JG, Horsley RR. No significant effect of frequent online sexual behaviour on Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT): Implications for compulsive sexual behaviour disorder. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274913. [PMID: 36178949 PMCID: PMC9524690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reward based learning is broadly acknowledged to underpin the development and maintenance of addictive behaviour although the mechanism in sexual compulsivity is less understood. Using a Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer (PIT) task we tested whether the motivational aspect of conditioned Pavlovian conditioned stimulus invigorated instrumental responding in relation to specific compatible monetary rewards. Performance on the task was analysed between two groups of males based on Low (N = 38) and High (N = 41) self-report online sexual behaviour (OSB). Psychometric tests including sexual compulsivity scale and behavioural activation/behavioural inhibition (BIS/BAS) were also administered to determine the relationship between OSB and general reward sensitivity. We show clear evidence of acquisition in the Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning phases. Specific transfer effect was greater in the High-OSB group although the difference compared to the Low-OSB group was non-significant. OSB negatively correlated with both BIS and BAS indicative of introversion and low reward sensitivity. OSB positively correlated with sexual compulsivity although it is unclear whether individuals in the High-OSB group considered their behaviour either excessive or problematic. These findings contribute to the ongoing debate regarding the nature of problematic OSB. Fundamental differences in motivational characteristics and mechanism contributing to compulsive behaviour in relation to high-OSB might indicate incompatibility with behavioural addiction models. PIT was not enhanced in high-OSB by appetitive conditioning, although problematic OSB could stem from failure to inhibit actions. Further research should investigate whether aversive conditioning differentially affects responding in high-OSB individuals, potentially explaining perseverant behaviour despite negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Wells
- Center for Sexual Health and Intervention, Czech National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Lucie Krejčová
- Center for Sexual Health and Intervention, Czech National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Binter
- Department of Philosophy and History of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - James G. Pfaus
- Center for Sexual Health and Intervention, Czech National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychology and Life Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rachel R. Horsley
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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25
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Lei W, Liu K, Chen G, Tolomeo S, Liu C, Peng Z, Liu B, Liang X, Huang C, Xiang B, Zhou J, Zhao F, Yu R, Chen J. Blunted reward prediction error signals in internet gaming disorder. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2124-2133. [PMID: 33143778 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172000402x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a type of behavioural addictions. One of the key features of addiction is the excessive exposure to addictive objectives (e.g. drugs) reduces the sensitivity of the brain reward system to daily rewards (e.g. money). This is thought to be mediated via the signals expressed as dopaminergic reward prediction error (RPE). Emerging evidence highlights blunted RPE signals in drug addictions. However, no study has examined whether IGD also involves alterations in RPE signals that are observed in other types of addictions. METHODS To fill this gap, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 45 IGD and 42 healthy controls (HCs) during a reward-related prediction-error task and utilised a psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis to characterise the underlying neural correlates of RPE and related functional connectivity. RESULTS Relative to HCs, IGD individuals showed impaired reinforcement learning, blunted RPE signals in multiple regions of the brain reward system, including the right caudate, left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Moreover, the PPI analysis revealed a pattern of hyperconnectivity between the right caudate, right putamen, bilateral DLPFC, and right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) in the IGD group. Finally, linear regression suggested that the connection between the right DLPFC and right dACC could significantly predict the variation of RPE signals in the left OFC. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight disrupted RPE signalling and hyperconnectivity between regions of the brain reward system in IGD. Reinforcement learning deficits may be crucial underlying characteristics of IGD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lei
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Kezhi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guangxiang Chen
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Radiology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Serenella Tolomeo
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cuizhen Liu
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhenlei Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Boya Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chaohua Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- School of Humanities and Management Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fulin Zhao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
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26
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Zarate D, Fullwood L, Prokofieva M, Griffiths MD, Stavropoulos V. Problematic Shopping Behavior: An Item Response Theory Examination of the Seven-Item Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 21:1-19. [PMID: 35754859 PMCID: PMC9208247 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00844-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an increasing amount of research examining problematic shopping behavior (PSB), often referred to in the psychological literature as "compulsive buying" or "shopping addiction." A popular scale for assessing the risk of PSB is the seven-item Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale (BSAS). To expand our knowledge of the psychometric properties of this instrument, the present study employed Item Response Theory (IRT) and differential item functioning analyses (DIF) while concurrently attempting to determine a preliminary cut-off point. A relatively large community sample completed the BSAS online (N = 968, M age = 29.5 years, SD age = 9.36, 32.5% women). IRT analyses showed differences regarding the BSAS items' discrimination, difficulty, and precision, with a raw score exceeding 23 (out of 28) indicating a higher risk of shopping addiction. Finally, while most BSAS items operated equally among males and females, Item 2 (mood modification) required a higher level of shopping addiction behaviors to be endorsed by males. The BSAS functions as a reliable assessment of the risk of shopping addiction, particularly between average and high levels of the trait. Clinical implications are discussed in light of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zarate
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, 70/104 Ballarat Road, Footscray, VIC 3011 Australia
| | | | | | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Vasileios Stavropoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, 70/104 Ballarat Road, Footscray, VIC 3011 Australia
- University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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27
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Peng W, Hao Q, Gao H, Wang Y, Wang J, Tu Y, Yu S, Li H, Zhu T. Functional Neural Alterations in Pathological Internet Use: A Meta-Analysis of Neuroimaging Studies. Front Neurol 2022; 13:841514. [PMID: 35518207 PMCID: PMC9062178 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.841514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) studies found spontaneous neural activity in the brains of Pathological Internet Use (PIU) subjects. However, the findings were inconsistent in studies using different neuroimaging analyses. This meta-analytic study aimed to identify a common pattern of altered brain activity from different studies. Resting-state fMRI studies, based on whole-brain analysis methods published before July 1, 2021, were searched in multiple databases (PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science). A voxel-based signed differential mapping (SDM) method was used to clarify brain regions, which showed anomalous activity in PIU subjects compared with healthy controls (HCs). Ten eligible publications consisting of 306 PIU subjects and 314 HCs were included in the SDM meta-analysis. Compared with HCs, subjects with PIU showed increased spontaneous neural functional activity in the left temporal pole of the superior temporal cortex, left amygdala, bilateral median cingulate cortex, and right insula. Meanwhile, a decreased spontaneous neural activity was identified in the left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus and right middle frontal gyrus in the subjects with PIU. These abnormal brain regions are associated with cognitive executive control and emotional regulation. The consistent changes under different functional brain imaging indicators found in our study may provide important targets for the future diagnosis and intervention of PIU. Systematic Review Registration:www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42021258119.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinghong Hao
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Heng Gao
- Medical Quality Control Department, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Tu
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyi Yu
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianmin Zhu
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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28
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Pickard H. Is addiction a brain disease? A plea for agnosticism and heterogeneity. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:993-1007. [PMID: 34825924 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-06013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Although increasingly subject to criticism, the brain disease model of addiction (BDMA) remains dominant within addiction science. Yet few advocates or critics of the BDMA have provided an account of what a brain disease is. The aim of this review is to conceptually clarify what it would mean for the BDMA to be true, rather than to argue decisively for or against it. OBJECTIVES Conceptual clarification of the BDMA requires consideration of possible models of disease and their relationship to the BDMA. A barrier to such consideration is belief that the BDMA is necessary to combatting addiction stigma. To address this barrier, I begin with discussion of what we know about the effects of the brain disease label on addiction stigma, and why labelling effects should have no bearing on the validity of the BDMA. I then distinguish strong, minimal, network, and mismatch models of disease, and I argue that the BDMA aligns with a strong disease model. This means that underlying brain pathology is hypothesized to be the cause of the personal-level observable signs and experienced symptoms characteristic of addiction. Evaluation of the BDMA therefore requires analysis of the concepts of brain dysfunction and causation, and their application to addiction science. RESULTS Brain dysfunction cannot be analyzed merely as brain changes or brain differences; nor can it be inferred merely from the presence of personal-level signs and symptoms. It is necessary to have an account of normal brain function by which to measure it. The theoretical and empirical challenges to developing such an account are not insurmountable, but they are substantial. Although there exist competing analyses of causation, there is a relatively standard method used to establish it within experimental science: intervention. Using this method, the causal significance of brain states, such as, e.g., extensive gray matter loss and/or neuroadapations in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, is not yet fully demonstrated. Further studies are necessary to determine their effect compared with other possible variables, such as, e.g., alternative reinforcers. CONCLUSIONS Conceptual clarification and preliminary empirical assessment of the BDMA recommends agnosticism about its validity and an openness to heterogeneity; in some cases addiction may be a brain disease, in others not. Either way, addiction stigma can be combatted by fighting moralism about drugs and moralistic drug policies directly, as opposed to resting hopes on the brain disease label.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Pickard
- William H. Miller III Department of Philosophy & Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, 281 Gilman Hall, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
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29
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Karimpour Vazifehkhorani A, Attaran A, Karimi Saraskandrud A, Faghih H, Yeganeh N. Effectiveness of Cue-Exposure Therapy on Alcohol Craving in Virtual Environment: Based on habit loop. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2022; 14:78-86. [PMID: 36544510 PMCID: PMC9743816 DOI: 10.22122/ahj.2022.196454.1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background In the treatment and abstinence of alcoholism, especially in abstinence after treatment, "Craving" has an essential role. Thus, our aim was to examine the effect of cue-exposure therapy on alcohol craving in virtual environment based on the habit loop. Methods The present investigation was a case-control experimental study with a pretest-posttest-5 weeks follow-up design. Research population were alcohol-addicted people hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital. We had 62 subjects who had abstained from alcohol consumption. The sampling method was convenience sampling and the sample allocation was randomized and matched. The intervention was VR-CET that was implemented in eight sessions. Penn Alcohol Craving Scale, Alcohol Urge Questionnaire, and Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale were used to collect the data. In order to analyze the data, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS V.23 was performed. Findings Our results showed that after implementation of VR-CET program the rate of PACS reduced significantly in posttest stage (p = 0.01) and follow up stage (p= 0.05). Also, the rate of AUQ and OCDS after exposure to VR-CET program declined significantly. The significant level of AUQ and OCDS in posttest and follow up stages were set at p- value < 0.01 and p-value <0.05 respectively. Conclusion VR-CET program can reduce alcohol craving by paying attention to various cues and contexts. In fact, it would be more beneficial if the treatment environment resembles a conditioned context and contains as many related cues as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arina Attaran
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azizeh Karimi Saraskandrud
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Faghih
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narges Yeganeh
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran,Correspondence to: Narges Yeganeh; Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran;
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30
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Hirjak D, Henemann GM, Schmitgen MM, Götz L, Wolf ND, Kubera KM, Sambataro F, Leménager T, Koenig J, Wolf RC. Cortical surface variation in individuals with excessive smartphone use. Dev Neurobiol 2022; 82:277-287. [PMID: 35332986 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Excessive smartphone use has been repeatedly related to adverse effects on mental health and psychological well-being in young adults. The continued investigation of the neurobiological mechanism underlying excessive smartphone use - sometimes also referred to as "smartphone addiction" (SPA) - is considered a top priority in system neuroscience research. Despite progress in the past years, cortical morphology associated with SPA is still poorly understood. Here, we used structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3 T to investigate two cortical surface markers of distinct neurodevelopmental origin such as the complexity of cortical folding (CCF) and cortical thickness (CTh) in individuals with excessive smartphone use (n = 19) compared to individuals not fulfilling SPA criteria (n-SPA; n = 22). SPA was assessed using the Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI). CCF and CTh were investigated using the Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT12). SPA individuals showed lower CCF in the right superior frontal gyrus as well as in the right caudal (cACC) and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) compared to n-SPA individuals (TFCE, uncorrected at p < 0.001). Following a dimensional approach, across the entire sample CCF of the right cACC was significantly associated with SPAI total score, as well as with distinct SPAI subdimensions, particularly time spent with the device, compulsivity, and sleep interference in all participants (n = 41; p < 0.05, FDR-corrected). Collectively, these findings suggest that SPA is associated with aberrant structural maturation of regions important for cognitive control and emotional regulation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gudrun M Henemann
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mike M Schmitgen
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Larissa Götz
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadine D Wolf
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina M Kubera
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neurosciences, Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Tagrid Leménager
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julian Koenig
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Christian Wolf
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Functional correlates of response inhibition in impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 32:102822. [PMID: 34536820 PMCID: PMC8449263 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PD patients with ICD behave like controls in proactive and reactive inhibition. PD patients with ICD recruit different mechanisms depending on the inhibition type. Proactive inhibition is executed hyperactivating the stopping network bilaterally. Restrained inhibition is accomplished with the coactivation of attentional areas. In restrained inhibition, connectivity between right STN and precuneus is reduced.
Impulse control disorder is a prevalent side-effect of Parkinson’s disease (PD) medication, with a strong negative impact on the quality of life of those affected. Although impulsivity has classically been associated with response inhibition deficits, previous evidence from PD patients with impulse control disorder (ICD) has not revealed behavioral dysfunction in response inhibition. In this study, 18 PD patients with ICD, 17 PD patients without this complication, and 15 healthy controls performed a version of the conditional Stop Signal Task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Whole-brain contrasts, regions of interest, and functional connectivity analyses were conducted. Our aim was to investigate the neural underpinnings of two aspects of response inhibition: proactive inhibition, inhibition that has been prepared beforehand, and restrained inhibition, inhibition of an invalid inhibitory tendency. We observed that, in respect to the other two groups, PD patients with ICD exhibited hyperactivation of the stopping network bilaterally while performing proactive inhibition. When engaged in restrained inhibition, they showed hyperactivation of the left inferior frontal gyrus, an area linked to action monitoring. Restrained inhibition also resulted in changes to the functional co-activation between inhibitory regions and left inferior parietal cortex and right supramarginal gyrus. Our findings indicate that PD patients with ICD completed the inhibition task correctly, showing altered engagement of inhibitory and attentional areas. During proactive inhibition they showed bilateral hyperactivation of two inhibitory regions, while during restrained inhibition they showed additional involvement of attentional areas responsible for alerting and orienting.
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Zhou Y, Wang Q, Ren H, Wang X, Liao Y, Yang Z, Hao Y, Wang Y, Li M, Ma Y, Wu Q, Wang Y, Yang D, Xin J, Yang WFZ, Wang L, Liu T. Regional Homogeneity Abnormalities and Its Correlation With Impulsivity in Male Abstinent Methamphetamine Dependent Individuals. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:810726. [PMID: 35126053 PMCID: PMC8811469 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.810726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) use affects the brain structure and function. However, no studies have investigated the relationship between changes in regional homogeneity (ReHo) and impulsivity in MA dependent individuals (MADs). The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of brain activity under resting state in MADs and their relationship to impulsivity using ReHo method. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed to collect data from 46 MADs and 44 healthy controls (HCs) under resting state. ReHo method was used to investigate the differences in average ReHo values between the two groups. The ReHo values abnormalities of the brain regions found in inter-group comparisons were extracted and correlated with impulsivity. Compared to the HCs, MADs showed significant increased ReHo values in the bilateral striatum, while the ReHo values of the bilateral precentral gyrus and the bilateral postcentral gyrus decreased significantly. The ReHo values of the left precentral gyrus were negatively correlated with the BIS-attention, BIS-motor, and BIS-nonplanning subscale scores, while the ReHo values of the postcentral gyrus were only negatively correlated with the BIS-motor subscale scores in MADs. The abnormal spontaneous brain activity in the resting state of MADs revealed in this study may further improve our understanding of the neuro-matrix of MADs impulse control dysfunction and may help us to explore the neuropathological mechanism of MADs related dysfunction and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (Hunan Second People’s Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Honghong Ren
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Xuyi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Yanhui Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Laboratory of Psychological Heath and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhu Hao
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Manyun Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Yuejiao Ma
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuxia Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (Hunan Second People’s Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Jiang Xin
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Winson Fu Zun Yang
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Winson Fu Zun Yang,
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sanming City Taijiang Hospital, Sanming, China
- Long Wang,
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
- Tieqiao Liu,
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Knauth K, Peters J. Trial-wise exposure to visual emotional cues increases physiological arousal but not temporal discounting. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e13996. [PMID: 35037293 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Humans and many animals devalue future rewards as a function of time (temporal discounting). Increased discounting has been linked to various psychiatric conditions, including substance-use-disorders, behavioral addictions, and obesity. Despite its high intra-individual stability, temporal discounting is partly under contextual control. One prominent manipulation that has been linked to increases in discounting is the exposure to highly arousing appetitive cues. However, results from trial-wise cue exposure studies appear highly mixed, and changes in physiological arousal were not adequately controlled. Here we tested the effects of appetitive (erotic), aversive, and neutral visual cues on temporal discounting in 35 healthy male participants. The contribution of single-trial physiological arousal was assessed using comprehensive monitoring of autonomic activity (pupil size, heart rate, electrodermal activity). Physiological arousal was elevated following aversive and in particular erotic cues. In contrast to our pre-registered hypothesis, steepness of temporal discounting was not significantly affected by emotional cues of either valence. Aversive cues tended to increase decision noise. Computational modeling revealed that trial-wise arousal only accounted for minor variance over and above aversive and erotic condition effects, arguing against a general effect of physiological arousal on temporal discounting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Knauth
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Peters
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Tu Z, Wu F, Jiang X, Kong L, Tang Y. Gender differences in major depressive disorders: A resting state fMRI study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1025531. [PMID: 36440430 PMCID: PMC9685621 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1025531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) has a high disability rate and brings a large disease burden to patients and the country. Significant sex differences exist in both the epidemiological and clinical features in MDD. The effect of sex on brain function in MDD is not clear now. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) and ALFF are widely used research method in the study of brain function. This research aimed to use ReHo and ALFF to explore gender differences in brain function images in MDD. METHODS Eighty first-episode drug-naive patients (47 women and 30 men) with MDD and 85 age, education matched healthy volunteers (47 women and 31 men) were recruited in our study and participated in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. ReHo and ALFF were used to assess brain activity, two-way ANOVA and post hoc analysis was conducted to explore the sex difference in MDD. Correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between abnormal brain functioning and clinical symptoms. RESULTS We observed sex-specific patterns and diagnostic differences in MDD Patients, further post hoc comparisons indicated that women with MDD showed decreased ALFF value in the right superior occipital gyrus and decreased ReHo value in the left calcarine and left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus compared with HC females and men with MDD. Men with MDD showed decreased ReHo value in the right median cingulate gyrus compared with HC males and increased ReHo value in the left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus compared with HC males, we also found that HC males showed higher ReHo value in the right median cingulate gyrus than HC females. CONCLUSIONS Men and women do have sex differences in brain function, the occipital lobe, calcarine, DLPFC, and DCG were the main different brain regions found between male and female in MDD, which may be the biomarker brain regions that can help diagnose and treat MDD in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyuan Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Brain Function Research Section, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingtao Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Zhou DD, Zhao L, Ma LL, Hu JH, Chen R, Jiang ZH, He XQ, Peng XY, Liu XY, Li X, Chen WJ, Wang W, Kuang L. Altered Neural Reactivity in Adolescents With Nonsuicidal Self-Injury During Exposure to Self-Injury Related Cues: Electrophysiological Evidence From a Two-Choice Oddball Paradigm. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:827480. [PMID: 35449566 PMCID: PMC9016157 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.827480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) may be a type of addiction, that is characterized by cue reactivity. We aimed to explore the behavioral performance and neural reactivity during exposure to self-injury cues in adolescents with NSSI and major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS Eighteen MDD patients, 18 MDD patients with NSSI, and 19 healthy controls (HC) were recruited to perform a two-choice oddball paradigm. All subjects were 12-18 years old. Neutral cues and self-injury related cues separately served as deviant stimuli. Difference waves in N2 and P3 (N2d and P3d) were derived from deviant waves minus standard waves. Accuracy cost and reaction time (RT) cost were used as behavioral indexes, while the N2d and P3d were used as electrophysiological indexes; the N2d reflects early conflict detection, and the P3d reflects the process of response inhibition. RESULTS No significant main effects of group or cue or an effect of their interaction were observed on accuracy cost and P3d latency. For RT cost, N2d amplitude, and N2d latency, there was a significant main effect of cue. For P3d amplitude, there was a significant main effect of cue and a significant group × cue interaction. In the NSSI group, the P3d amplitude with self-injury cues was significantly larger than that with neutral cues. However, there was no such effect in the MDD and HC groups. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with NSSI showed altered neural reactivity during exposure to self-injury cue. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Zhou
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling-Li Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Hui Hu
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng-Hao Jiang
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Qing He
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin-Yu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin-Yi Liu
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wan-Jun Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wo Wang
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Kuang
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Moretta T, Buodo G, Demetrovics Z, Potenza MN. Tracing 20 years of research on problematic use of the internet and social media: Theoretical models, assessment tools, and an agenda for future work. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 112:152286. [PMID: 34749058 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, there has been increasing interest in the impact of internet use and growing concern about whether problematic use of the internet (PUI) constitutes an addiction. Despite the growing number of studies investigating PUI and PUI subtypes, its conceptualization and inclusion in a classification system have not been possible yet. Several models aimed at inspiring clinical research and practice have proposed possible mechanisms involved in PUI and problematic use of social media, and multiple self-report instruments have been consequentially developed. The diversity of theoretical models and instruments currently hinders standardized assessment procedures across studies and, in turn, their comparability. The purpose of the present overview is to highlight the current conceptualization and assessment of both PUI and problematic use of social media, in order to critically discuss the existing fragmentation in the field and the need to achieve conceptual convergence. Two suggestions for future directions are also provided, i.e., define diagnostic criteria by bottom-up and top-down processes and develop a psychobiological hypothesis including the description of higher-order mechanisms involved in PUI and not other psychopathological conditions (e.g., the multiple available internet-related cues and outcomes that may lead to parallel forms of associative learning; probabilities of obtaining internet-related reinforcements; and intrinsic motivation processes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Moretta
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Giulia Buodo
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Relationship Between Perceived Social Norms and Phubbing: Individual Control and Fear of Missing Out as Mediators. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Trotzke P, Starcke K, Pedersen A, Brand M. Dorsal and ventral striatum activity in individuals with buying-shopping disorder during cue-exposure: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e13073. [PMID: 34156751 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Buying-shopping disorder (BSD) is a clinical condition in which individuals lose control over their buying behaviour and continue buying despite negative consequences such as indebtedness, loss of family and friends. BSD has been considered a behavioural addiction and first studies provide evidence for cue-reactivity and craving as potential pathomechanisms. The current study aimed at investigating neural correlates of cue-reactivity and craving in individuals with BSD using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS A cue-reactivity paradigm comprising individualised shopping-related and control cues was applied in n = 18 individuals diagnosed with BSD and n = 18 gender, age, and handedness matched control participants using fMRI. Outside the scanner, symptoms of BSD and craving reactions towards shopping (before and after the cue-reactivity paradigm) were assessed via questionnaires. FINDINGS Higher subjective craving reactions towards shopping, prior and after exposure to shopping cues, were observed in individuals with BSD compared to control participants. Consistent with studies in addiction research, we found increased activations in the dorsal striatum for individuals with BSD compared to control participants during exposure to shopping cues. Activity in the ventral striatum was associated with symptoms of BSD in affected individuals, but not in control participants. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with studies investigating cue-reactivity in substance-use and behavioural addictions, the association between cue-exposure and activities in reward-related brain structures such as the dorsal and ventral striatum in BSD participants may contribute to a neural explanation of why individuals experience irresistible urges to buy and lose control over their behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Trotzke
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR) University of Duisburg‐Essen Duisburg Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Essen Germany
- IU International University of Applied Sciences Erfurt Germany
| | - Katrin Starcke
- SRH Berlin School of Popular Arts and Berlin Institute of Biomusicology and Empirical Research (BIBER) Berlin Germany
| | - Anya Pedersen
- Clinical Psychology und Psychotherapy Christian‐Albrechts University Kiel Germany
| | - Matthias Brand
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR) University of Duisburg‐Essen Duisburg Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Essen Germany
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Müller A, Laskowski NM, Wegmann E, Steins-Loeber S, Brand M. Problematic Online Buying-Shopping: Is it Time to Considering the Concept of an Online Subtype of Compulsive Buying-Shopping Disorder or a Specific Internet-Use Disorder? CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-021-00395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Problematic online buying-shopping became a recent research topic, and the question arises as to whether it would be useful to differentiate between a “predominantly online” and a “predominantly offline” compulsive buying-shopping disorder (CBSD) subtype by analogy with gaming disorder and gambling disorder in the ICD-11. This narrative review aims at reflecting the discussions on overlaps of problematic online buying-shopping with both offline CBSD and specific internet-use disorders.
Recent Findings
Preliminary data suggest that problematic online buying-shopping shares many commonalities with both offline CBSD and potential specific internet-use disorders (e.g., gaming disorder, pornography-use disorder, or social-network–use disorder). However, there is a lack of research addressing the etiology, underlying affective and cognitive mechanisms, psychosocial correlates, comorbidity profiles, and treatment of problematic online buying-shopping.
Summary
The question of whether online CBSD can develop independently from offline CBSD or only as medial transformation of offline CBSD still remains unanswered due to limited research on problematic online buying-shopping. Both perspectives are conceivable: that online CBSD represents a standalone specific internet-use disorder or the online subtype of CBSD. Future studies should examine which approach has clinical utility and indicates specific treatment options and better outcomes.
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Golec K, Draps M, Stark R, Pluta A, Gola M. Aberrant orbitofrontal cortex reactivity to erotic cues in Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:646-656. [PMID: 34437297 PMCID: PMC8997235 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) is characterized by increased reactivity to erotic reward cues. Cue-encoded reward parameters, such as type (e.g. erotic or monetary) or probability of anticipated reward, shape reward-related motivational processes, increase the attractiveness of cues and therefore might enhance maladaptive behavioral patterns in CSBD. Studies on the neural patterns of cue processing in individuals with CSBD have been limited mainly to ventral striatal responses. Therefore, here we aimed to examine the cue reactivity of multiple key structures in the brain's reward system, taking into account not only the type of predicted reward but also its probability. METHODS Twenty Nine men seeking professional help due to CSBD and 24 healthy volunteers took part in an fMRI study with a modified Incentive Delay Task with erotic and monetary rewards preceded by cues indicating a 25%, 50%, or 75% chance of reward. Analyses of functional patterns of activity related to cue type and probability were conducted on the whole-brain and ROI levels. RESULTS Increased anticipatory response to cues predictive of erotic rewards was observed among CSBD participants when compared to controls, in the ventral striatum and anterior orbitofrontal cortex (aOFC). The activity in aOFC was modulated by reward probability. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Type of anticipated reward (erotic vs monetary) affects reward-related behavioral motivation in CSBD more strongly than reward probability. We present evidence of abnormal aOFC function in CSBD by demonstrating the recruitment of additional subsections of this region by erotic reward cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Golec
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland,Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Małgorzata Draps
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rudolf Stark
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany,Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Mateusz Gola
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland,Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computations, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Dulin P, Mertz R, Edwards A, King D. Contrasting a Mobile App with a Conversational Chatbot for Reducing Alcohol Consumption: A Pilot Trial (Preprint). JMIR Form Res 2021; 6:e33037. [PMID: 35576569 PMCID: PMC9152724 DOI: 10.2196/33037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mobile apps have shown considerable promise for reducing alcohol consumption among problem drinkers, but like many mobile health apps, they frequently report low utilization, which is an important limitation, as research suggests that effectiveness is related to higher utilization. Interactive chatbots have the ability to provide a conversational interface with users and may be more engaging and result in higher utilization and effectiveness, but there is limited research into this possibility. Objective This study aimed to develop a chatbot alcohol intervention based on an empirically supported app (Step Away) for reducing drinking and to conduct a pilot trial of the 2 interventions. Included participants met the criteria for hazardous drinking and were interested in reducing alcohol consumption. The study assessed utilization patterns and alcohol outcomes across the 2 technology conditions, and a waitlist control group. Methods Participants were recruited using Facebook advertisements. Those who met the criteria for hazardous consumption and expressed an interest in changing their drinking habits were randomly assigned to three conditions: the Step Away app, Step Away chatbot, and waitlist control condition. Participants were assessed on the web using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Adapted for Use in the United States, Readiness to Change Questionnaire, Short Inventory of Problems-Revised, and Timeline Followback at baseline and at 12 weeks follow-up. Results A total of 150 participants who completed the baseline and follow-up assessments were included in the final analysis. ANOVA results indicated that participants in the 3 conditions changed their drinking from baseline to follow-up, with large effect sizes noted (ie, η2=0.34 for change in drinks per day across conditions). However, the differences between groups were not significant across the alcohol outcome variables. The only significant difference between conditions was in the readiness to change variable, with the bot group showing the greatest improvement in readiness (F2,147=5.6; P=.004; η2=0.07). The results suggested that the app group used the app for a longer duration (mean 50.71, SD 49.02 days) than the bot group (mean 27.16, SD 30.54 days; P=.02). Use of the interventions was shown to predict reduced drinking in a multiple regression analysis (β=.25, 95% CI 0.00-0.01; P=.04). Conclusions Results indicated that all groups in this study reduced their drinking considerably from baseline to the 12-week follow-up, but no differences were found in the alcohol outcome variables between the groups, possibly because of a combination of small sample size and methodological issues. The app group reported greater use and slightly higher usability scores than the bot group, but the bot group demonstrated improved readiness to change scores over the app group. The strengths and limitations of the app and bot interventions as well as directions for future research are discussed. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04447794; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04447794
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Dulin
- Department of Psychology, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, United States
| | - Robyn Mertz
- Department of Psychology, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, United States
| | - Alexandra Edwards
- Center for Behavior Research and Services, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, United States
| | - Diane King
- Center for Behavior Research and Services, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, United States
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42
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Brand M, Potenza MN. How Theoretical Models Can Inspire Advances in Research and Clinical Practice: The Example of Behavioral Addictions. SUCHT 2021. [DOI: 10.1024/0939-5911/a000721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. Aims: In this narrative position paper, we will summarize some examples of theoretical models of behavioral addictions. We will then make some suggestions for how theoretical models may inspire both research and clinical practice in the context of behavioral addictions. Results: Current theoretical models typically distinguish between general and specific risk factors. It is commonly argued that based on conditioning processes, affective responses to specific stimuli (cue-reactivity and craving) develop within the course of behavioral addictions. Diminished control over the behavior is reflected in reductions in inhibitory control and executive functioning. Cognitive distortions, attentional biases, and behavior-related expectancies are also considerable mechanisms. Theoretical models have been used to inspire advances not only in research but also in clinical practice. For example, theoretical models have inspired the development of standardized treatment protocols. Conclusions: If theoretical models contributed more consistently to scientific studies, a better understanding of the processes underlying specific mental disorders could be facilitated, which could then promote updates and modifications of the theoretical models and improvements in clinical practice. Close connections and stimulating discussions between theorists and therapists are very important and beneficial for advances over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Brand
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Child Study, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, USA
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Lugo A, Stival C, Paroni L, Amerio A, Carreras G, Gorini G, Mastrobattista L, Minutillo A, Mortali C, Odone A, Pacifici R, Tinghino B, Gallus S. The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on gambling habit: A cross-sectional study from Italy. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:711-721. [PMID: 34283804 PMCID: PMC8997195 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Few preliminary studies have shown an impact of COVID-19 confinement on gambling habits. We aim to evaluate short-term effects of lockdown restrictions on gambling behaviors in Italy. METHODS Within the project Lost in Italy, a web-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a representative sample of 6,003 Italians aged 18-74 years, enrolled during April 27-May 3 2020, and were asked to report gambling activity before the lockdown and at the time of interview. RESULTS The prevalence of participants reporting any gambling decreased from 16.3% before lockdown to 9.7% during lockdown. Traditional gambling decreased from 9.9 to 2.4% and online gambling from 9.9 to 8.0%. Among gamblers, median time of gambling grew from 4.5 to 5.1 h/month. Among non-players before lockdown, 1.1% started playing. Among players before lockdown, 19.7% increased gambling activity. Multivariate analysis showed an increase in gambling activity in younger generations (p for trend = 0.001), current smokers (odds ratio, OR 1.48), users of electronic cigarettes (OR 1.63), heated tobacco products (OR 1.82), cannabis (OR 5.16), psychotropic drugs (OR 3.93), and subjects having hazardous alcohol drinking (OR 1.93). Self-reported low quality of life (OR 1.97), low sleep quantity (OR 2.00), depressive symptoms (OR 3.06) and anxiety symptoms (OR 2.93) were significantly related to an increase in total gambling activity during lockdown. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Although gambling substantially decreased during lockdown, time spent in gambling slightly increased. The strong relationship found between compromised mental health and addictive behaviors calls for urgent policies to prevent vulnerable populations from increasing and developing severe gambling addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Lugo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Stival
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Paroni
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Amerio
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Carreras
- Oncologic Network, Prevention and Research Institute (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gorini
- Oncologic Network, Prevention and Research Institute (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Luisa Mastrobattista
- National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Adele Minutillo
- National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Mortali
- National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Odone
- School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy,Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Pacifici
- National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Biagio Tinghino
- UO Alcologia e Nuove Dipendenze, Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Dipendenze, ASST della Brianza, Vimercate, Italy
| | - Silvano Gallus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy,Corresponding author E-mail:
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Wegmann E, Müller SM, Trotzke P, Brand M. Social-networks-related stimuli interferes decision making under ambiguity: Interactions with cue-induced craving and problematic social-networks use. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:291-301. [PMID: 34280129 PMCID: PMC8996796 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Social-networks-use disorder is discussed as a potential further type of disorders due to addictive behaviors. Theoretical models assume cue-induced craving and disadvantageous decision making to be relevant mechanisms. This study investigates if the presentation of social-networks-related cues interferes with decision making under ambiguity. METHODS Craving was induced with a cue-reactivity paradigm and assessed with a visual analogue scale. Participants (N = 146) played a modified Iowa Gambling Task with social-networks-related cues and neutral cues presented on the advantageous and disadvantageous decks respectively, or vice versa. Symptoms of social-networks-use disorder were measured with a modified version of the short Internet Addiction Test. RESULTS Overall, participants chose options with neutral cues more often than those with social-networks-related cues, even if it was disadvantageous. There was a significant interaction between decision-making performance and Iowa Gambling Task condition in predicting symptom severity. The results indicate that choosing decks with social-networks-related cues even if it was disadvantageous is associated with higher tendencies towards a social-networks-use disorder. The interaction with cue-induced craving did not explain further variance. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the relevance of cue reactivity, decision making, and their interaction as potential mechanisms explaining tendencies towards a social-networks-use disorder. Decision making was influenced by affective responses, which could result in a higher risk of a potential addictive behavior. This is consistent with the findings from addiction research and with theoretical approaches assuming an imbalance between affective and cognitive processes in addictive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Wegmann
- Department of General Psychology, Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Silke M. Müller
- Department of General Psychology, Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany,Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
| | - Patrick Trotzke
- Department of General Psychology, Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany,Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany,IU - International University of Applied Sciences, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias Brand
- Department of General Psychology, Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany,Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany,Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Abstract
This special issue addresses the affective and cognitive processes and their interactions potentially reflecting mechanisms underlying the development, maintenance of, or recovery from behavioral addictions. Various specific types of behavioral addictions will be considered, including those already in ICD-11 (gambling disorder, gaming disorder), but also new phenomena that are not yet classified (e.g., buying-shopping disorder, social-network-disorder) and phenomena potentially belonging to behavioral addictions although they are currently classified elsewhere (e.g., compulsive sexual behavior disorder). The articles included in this special issue directly investigate affective processes (e.g., cue-reactivity, craving, mood, stress, social interactions) and/or cognitive processes (e.g., executive functions, attention, memory). The studies involve experimental paradigms, neuropsychological tasks, psychophysiological measures, and neuroimaging techniques. Specific articles also deal with the relationship between affective and cognitive processes. The special issue is complemented by articles covering current debates and reviewing current empirical findings in the field.
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Klugah‐Brown B, Zhou X, Pradhan BK, Zweerings J, Mathiak K, Biswal B, Becker B. Common neurofunctional dysregulations characterize obsessive-compulsive, substance use, and gaming disorders-An activation likelihood meta-analysis of functional imaging studies. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12997. [PMID: 33432718 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Compulsivity and loss of behavioral control represent core symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), substance use disorder (SUD), and internet gaming disorder (IGD). Despite elaborated animal models suggesting that compulsivity is mediated by cortico-striatal circuits and a growing number of neuroimaging case-control studies, common neurofunctional alterations in these disorders have not been systematically examined. The present activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis capitalized on previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies to determine shared neurofunctional alterations among the three disorders. Task-based fMRI studies of individuals with SUD, OCD, or IGD were obtained. ALE was performed within each disorder. Next, contrast and conjunction meta-analyses were performed to determine differential and common alterations. Task-paradigm classes were group according to Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) domains to determine contributions of underlying behavioral domains. One hundred forty-four articles were included representing data from n = 6897 individuals (SUD = 2418, controls = 2332; IGD = 361, controls = 360; OCD = 715, controls = 711) from case-control studies. Conjunction meta-analyses revealed shared alterations in the anterior insular cortex between OCD and SUDs. SUD exhibited additionally pronounced dorsal-striatal alterations compared with both, OCD and IGD. IGD shared frontal, particularly cingulate alterations with all SUDs, while IGD demonstrated pronounced temporal alterations compared with both, SUD and OCD. No robust overlap between IGD and OCD was observed. Across the disorders, neurofunctional alterations were mainly contributed by cognitive systems and positive valence RDoC domains. The present findings indicate that neurofunctional dysregulations in prefrontal regions engaged in regulatory-control represent shared neurofunctional alterations across substance and behavioral addictions, while shared neurofunctional dysregulations in the anterior insula may mediate compulsivity in substance addiction and OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Klugah‐Brown
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Xinqi Zhou
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Basant K. Pradhan
- Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics Cooper University Hospital and Cooper Medical School of Rowan University Camden New Jersey USA
| | - Jana Zweerings
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany
- JARA Translational Brain Medicine RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany
| | - Klaus Mathiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany
- JARA Translational Brain Medicine RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany
| | - Bharat Biswal
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark New Jersey USA
| | - Benjamin Becker
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan China
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Moretta T, Buodo G. Motivated attention to stimuli related to social networking sites: A cue-reactivity study. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:314-326. [PMID: 34152997 PMCID: PMC8996799 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It has been argued that similar to addictive behaviors, problematic Social Network sites use (PSNSU) is characterized by sensitized reward processing and cue-reactivity. However, no study to our knowledge has yet investigated cue-reactivity in PSNSU. The present study aims at investigating cue-reactivity to Social Network sites (i.e., Facebook)-related visual cues in individuals identified as problematic vs. non-problematic Facebook users by the Problematic Facebook Use Scale. METHODS The Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) were recorded during the passive viewing of Facebook-related, pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral pictures in 27 problematic and 26 non-problematic users. Moreover, craving for Facebook usage was collected using a Likert scale. RESULTS Despite problematic users were more likely to endorse higher craving than non-problematic ones, Facebook-related cues elicited larger ERP positivity (400-600 ms) than neutral, and comparable to unpleasant stimuli, in all Facebook users. Only in problematic users we found larger positivity (600-800 ms) to pleasant than unpleasant cues and higher craving to be related with lower later positivity (800-1,000 ms) to pleasant and unpleasant cues. DISCUSSION Regardless of whether Facebook usage is problematic or non-problematic, Facebook-related cues seem to be motivationally relevant stimuli that capture attentional resources in the earlier stages of "motivated" attentional allocation. Moreover, our results support the view that in higher-craving problematic users, reduced abilities to experience emotions would be the result of defective emotion regulation processes that allow craving states to capture more motivational/attentional resources at the expense of other emotional states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Moretta
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Corresponding author. Tel.: +39 049 827 6957. E-mail:
| | - Giulia Buodo
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Chen S, Wang M, Dong H, Wang L, Jiang Y, Hou X, Zhuang Q, Dong GH. Internet gaming disorder impacts gray matter structural covariance organization in the default mode network. J Affect Disord 2021; 288:23-30. [PMID: 33839555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although previous studies have revealed that dysfunctional brain organization is associated with internet gamingdisorder (IGD), the neuroanatomical basis that underlies IGD remains elusive. In this work, we aimed to investigate gray matter (GM) volume alterations and structural covariance patterns in relation to IGD severity. METHODS Structural magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from two hundred and thirty young adults encompassing a wide range of IGD severity. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis was applied to examine GM volume changes associated with IGD severity. Furthermore, the organization of whole-brain structural covariance network (SCN) was analyzed using the regions identified as seeds from VBM analysis. RESULTS Individuals with greater IGD severity had increased GM volumes in the midline components of the default mode network (DMN), namely, the right medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and precuneus. More importantly, the SCN results revealed impaired patterns of structural covariance between the DMN-related regions and areas associated with visuospatial attention and reward craving processing as the addiction severity of IGD worsened. LIMITATIONS Only young Chinese adults were enrolled in our study andthe extent to which findings generalize to samples in other age groups and diverse cultures is unclear. CONCLUSIONS These results showed volume expansion of the DMN components and its weakened structural association with visuospatial attention and motivational craving regions with increasing IGD severity. This study deepens our understanding of the underlying neuroanatomical correlates of IGD, which may help to explain why some individuals are more vulnerable to compulsive gaming usage than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiyu Chen
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Min Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haohao Dong
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuchao Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhuang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Guang-Heng Dong
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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A reward and incentive-sensitization perspective on compulsive use of social networking sites - Wanting but not liking predicts checking frequency and problematic use behavior. Addict Behav 2021; 116:106808. [PMID: 33465723 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of Social Networking Sites (SNSs) has exponentially increased over the past decade, leading to warnings about the addictive potential of this technology. Yet, the idea of SNS addiction remains controversial and more theory-driven research is required to understand the mechanisms of excessive and compulsive SNS use and to facilitate the development of targeted interventions helping affected users. In the present article we propose to utilize a reward-based approach to further our understanding of these behaviors. In particular, we suggest that concepts borrowed from the drug addiction literature that focus on incentive processes (incentive-sensitization and cue reactivity) can explain some SNS behaviors, such as compulsive checking. One elemental finding of the neurobiological drug addiction literature is that repeated exposure to a rewarding substance can render the brain's reward system oversensitive to cues related to the drug. We report preliminary findings from 358 participants showing that cue-elicited urges to use SNSs characterized both excessive and problematic use behaviors. Moreover, desires and urges to use SNSs (wanting responses) could be reliably dissociated from the enjoyment and pleasure (liking responses) associated with SNSs, with the latter being less predictive of the intensity and problematicity of behaviors than the former. Such divergence between motivational and hedonic processes is another hallmark finding in the literature on drug and food rewards. Together our initial findings thus suggest that examining alterations of reward processes holds promise to explain the compulsive use of SNSs and to identify potential avenues to help affected individuals.
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Yu F, Sariyska R, Lachmann B, Wang Q, Reuter M, Weber B, Trautner P, Yao S, Montag C, Becker B. Convergent cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence for gaming-cue specific posterior parietal dysregulations in early stages of internet gaming disorder. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12933. [PMID: 32602162 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Exaggerated reactivity to drug-cues and emotional dysregulations represent key symptoms of early stages of substance use disorders. The diagnostic criteria for (Internet) gaming disorder strongly resemble symptoms for substance-related addictions. However, previous cross-sections studies revealed inconsistent results with respect to neural cue reactivity and emotional dysregulations in these populations. To this end, the present fMRI study applied a combined cross-sectional and longitudinal design in regular online gamers (n = 37) and gaming-naïve controls (n = 67). To separate gaming-associated changes from predisposing factors, gaming-naive subjects were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of daily Internet gaming or a non-gaming condition. At baseline and after the training, subjects underwent an fMRI paradigm presenting gaming-related cues and non-gaming-related emotional stimuli. Cross-sectional comparisons revealed gaming-cue specific enhanced valence attribution and neural reactivity in a parietal network, including the posterior cingulate in regular gamers as compared to gaming naïve-controls. Longitudinal analysis revealed that 6 weeks of gaming elevated valence ratings as well as neural cue-reactivity in a similar parietal network, specifically the posterior cingulate in previously gaming-naïve controls. Together, the longitudinal design did not reveal supporting evidence for altered emotional processing of non-gaming associated stimuli in regular gamers whereas convergent evidence for increased emotional and neural reactivity to gaming-associated stimuli was observed. Findings suggest that exaggerated neural reactivity in posterior parietal regions engaged in default mode and automated information processing already occur during early stages of regular gaming and probably promote continued engagement in gaming behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangwen Yu
- The Clinical Hospital of the Chengdu Brain Science Institute, Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| | - Rayna Sariyska
- Institute of Psychology and Education Ulm University Ulm Baden‐Württemberg Germany
| | - Bernd Lachmann
- Institute of Psychology and Education Ulm University Ulm Baden‐Württemberg Germany
| | - Qianqian Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of the Chengdu Brain Science Institute, Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| | - Martin Reuter
- Department of Psychology University of Bonn Bonn North Rhine‐Westphalia Germany
- Center for Economics and Neuroscience University of Bonn Bonn North Rhine‐Westphalia Germany
| | - Bernd Weber
- Center for Economics and Neuroscience University of Bonn Bonn North Rhine‐Westphalia Germany
- Department for NeuroCognition Life & Brain Center Bonn North Rhine‐Westphalia Germany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research University Hospital of Bonn Bonn North Rhine‐Westphalia Germany
| | - Peter Trautner
- Center for Economics and Neuroscience University of Bonn Bonn North Rhine‐Westphalia Germany
- Department for NeuroCognition Life & Brain Center Bonn North Rhine‐Westphalia Germany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research University Hospital of Bonn Bonn North Rhine‐Westphalia Germany
| | - Shuxia Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of the Chengdu Brain Science Institute, Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| | - Christian Montag
- The Clinical Hospital of the Chengdu Brain Science Institute, Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
- Institute of Psychology and Education Ulm University Ulm Baden‐Württemberg Germany
| | - Benjamin Becker
- The Clinical Hospital of the Chengdu Brain Science Institute, Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
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