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Ribeiro FM, Petriz B, Anderson M, Assis V, dos Santos TR, Correa H, Cavichiolli de Oliveira N, Passos L, Fonseca A, Brito LA, Silva O, Castro A, Franco OL. Discontinuation of HIIT restores diabesity while retraining increases gut microbiota diversity. iScience 2024; 27:110365. [PMID: 39175767 PMCID: PMC11338995 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigations involving high-intensity interval training (HIIT) have proven to be efficient in controlling diabesity. This study aimed to assess the impact of discontinuing HIIT and retraining within the context of diabesity. 75 C57BL6 mice went through 5 stages: baseline, induction of diabesity with Western diet, training, detraining, and retraining (6 weeks each period). Detraining led to elevated adiposity, exacerbated metabolic parameters and intestinal health, and altered gut microbiota composition. Retraining restored blood glucose regulation and enhanced intestinal health yet did not induce fat reduction. While both training and retraining exerted an effect on the composition of the gut microbiota, the impact of diet demonstrates a more substantial potency compared to that of exercise concerning intestinal health and microbiome. These findings may contribute to a broader understanding of diabesity management and introduce perspectives for the use of specific physical training to enhance patient outcomes and intestine health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Moura Ribeiro
- Center for Proteomics and Biochemical Analysis, Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology, University Center, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Petriz
- Center for Proteomics and Biochemical Analysis, Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology, University Center, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, S-Inova Biotech, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Maycon Anderson
- Center for Proteomics and Biochemical Analysis, Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology, University Center, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Victoria Assis
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology, University Center, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Postgraduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Thiago Rosa dos Santos
- Center for Proteomics and Biochemical Analysis, Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Hugo Correa
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Lana Passos
- Center for Proteomics and Biochemical Analysis, Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology, University Center, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Amanda Fonseca
- Center for Proteomics and Biochemical Analysis, Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology, University Center, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Luiz Arnaldo Brito
- Center for Proteomics and Biochemical Analysis, Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology, University Center, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Osmar Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, UniEVANGÉLICA, Goiás, GO, Brazil
| | - Alinne Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, S-Inova Biotech, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Octavio Luiz Franco
- Center for Proteomics and Biochemical Analysis, Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, S-Inova Biotech, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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2
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Zhang T, Yi Q, Huang W, Feng J, Liu H. New insights into the roles of Irisin in diabetic cardiomyopathy and vascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116631. [PMID: 38663105 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent chronic disease in the 21st century due to increased lifespan and unhealthy lifestyle choices. Extensive research indicates that exercise can play a significant role in regulating systemic metabolism by improving energy metabolism and mitigating various metabolic disorders, including DM. Irisin, a well-known exerkine, was initially reported to enhance energy expenditure by indicating the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) signaling. In this review, we summarize the potential mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of Irisin on glucose dysmetabolism, including reducing gluconeogenesis, enhancing insulin energy expenditure, and promoting glycogenesis. Additionally, we highlight Irisin's potential to improve diabetic vascular diseases by stimulating nitric oxide (NO) production, reducing oxidative and nitrosative stress, curbing inflammation, and attenuating endothelial cell aging. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of Irisin to improve diabetic cardiomyopathy by preventing cardiomyocyte loss and reducing myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. Given Irisin's promising functions in managing diabetic cardiomyopathy and vascular diseases, targeting Irisin for therapeutic purposes could be a fruitful avenue for future research and clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiandong Zhang
- Collage of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Qian Yi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Collage of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; The Third People's Hospital of Longmatan District, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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3
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Riahy S. The effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on FGF21, irisin, and myostatin in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Growth Factors 2024; 42:24-35. [PMID: 37945531 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2023.2279163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of a 12-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on irisin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and myostatin (MSTN) among men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Forty-five adult men with T2DM were randomly selected and assigned to receive and perform HIIT (4 × 4 min at 85-95% HRmax with three min of active rest at 50-60% HRmax in between) and MICT (walking/running continuously for 47 min at 60-70% HRmax) three sessions per week for 12 weeks, or to act as a non-exercise control (CON) group. The subjects' blood samples were collected at baseline and 48 hours after the last intervention session. Our research revealed that both interventions resulted in similar decreases in FGF21 and MSTN when compared to the CON (p < .01). However, only the HIIT group showed a significant increase in irisin (p < .01) compared to the CON. Further, improvements in insulin resistance, body composition, and VO2 peak were noted in both intervention groups compared with those of the CON group (p < .01). It seems that while either aerobic exercise strategy could be seen as a therapy for men with T2DM, HIIT had a more advantageous effect on the irisin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Riahy
- Clinical Biomechanics and Ergonomics Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang Y, Yang Y, Song Y. Cardioprotective Effects of Exercise: The Role of Irisin and Exosome. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2024; 22:316-334. [PMID: 38808716 DOI: 10.2174/0115701611285736240516101803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Exercise is an effective measure for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, although the exact molecular mechanism remains unknown. Previous studies have shown that both irisin and exosomes can improve the course of cardiovascular disease independently. Therefore, it is speculated that the cardiovascular protective effect of exercise is also related to its ability to regulate the concentrations of irisin and exosomes in the circulatory system. In this review, the potential synergistic interactions between irisin and exosomes are examined, as well as the underlying mechanisms including the AMPK/PI3K/AKT pathway, the TGFβ1/Smad2/3 pathway, the PI3K/AKT/VEGF pathway, and the PTEN/PINK1/Parkin pathway are examined. This paper provides evidence to propose that exercise promotes the release of exosomes enriched with irisin, miR-486-5p and miR-342-5p from skeletal muscles, which results in the activation protective networks in the cardiovascular system. Moreover, the potential synergistic effect in exosomal cargo can provide new ideas for clinical research of exercise mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehuan Wang
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
- College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Fitness Monitoring and Chronic Disease Intervention research center, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yanjuan Song
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
- College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
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Arikan FB, Ulas M, Ustundag Y, Boyunaga H, Badem ND. Investigation of the relationship between betatrophin and certain key enzymes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in insulin-resistant mice. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2023; 44:311-320. [PMID: 36869875 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2022-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study sought to examine the relationship of betatrophin with certain key enzymes, namely lactate dehydrogenase-5 (LDH5), citrate synthase (CS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 (ACC1), in insulin-resistant mice. METHODS Eight-week-old male C57BL6/J mice were used in this study (experimental group n=10 and control group n=10). S961 was administered using an osmotic pump to induce insulin resistance in the mice. The betatrophin, LDH5, CS, and ACC1 expression levels were determined from the livers of the mice using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Moreover, biochemical parameters such as the serum betatrophin, fasting glucose, insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were analyzed. RESULTS The betatrophin expression and serum betatrophin (p=0.000), fasting glucose, insulin, triglyceride (p≤0.001), and total cholesterol (p=0.013) levels were increased in the experimental group. In addition, the CS gene expression level was statistically significantly decreased in the experimental group (p=0.01). Although strong correlation was found between the expression and serum betatrophin and triglyceride levels, no correlation was found between the betatrophin gene expression and the LDH5, ACC1, and CS gene expression levels. CONCLUSIONS The betatrophin level appears to play an important role in the regulation of triglyceride metabolism, while insulin resistance increases both the betatrophin gene expression and serum levels and decreases the CS expression level. The findings suggest that betatrophin may not regulate carbohydrate metabolism through CS and LDH5 or lipid metabolism directly through the ACC1 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Bulut Arikan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Ulas
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Fırat University, Elazığ, Türkiye
| | - Yasemin Ustundag
- Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Anatomy, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Hakan Boyunaga
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry Department, Medipol University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Nermin Dindar Badem
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Health Sciences University, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
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Özçatal Y, Akat F, Tatar Y, Fıçıcılar H, Serdaroğlu B, Topal Çelikkan F, Baştuğ M. Effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on skeletal muscle atrophy, function, and myokine profile in diabetic myopathy. Cytokine 2023; 169:156279. [PMID: 37329818 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency and/or loss of its action. Diabetic myopathy causes functional limitations in diabetic patients. The beneficial effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) are widely reported. We have hypothesized that HIIT application would prevent the development of diabetic myopathy. METHODS Male, Wistar albino rats (10 W) were randomly divided into four groups (1)Control(C), (2)Diabetes(DM), (3)Training(HIIT), and (4)Diabetes + Training(DM + HIIT). Streptozotocin(60 mg/kg) was injected for the induction of diabetes. The maximum exercise capacity(MEC) of animals was determined by an incremental load test. HIIT protocol (4 min 85-95 % MEC, 2 min 40-50 % MEC, 6 cycles, 5 days/week) was applied for 8 weeks. In the end, functional parameters, atrophy, and resistance to fatigue in soleus and EDL muscles were evaluated. IL-6, FNDC5, and myonectin levels were measured in EDL, soleus, and serum. RESULTS We observed atrophy, fatigue sensitivity, and proinflammatory alterations (IL-6 increase) in the EDL samples due to diabetic myopathy which were not observed in the soleus samples. HIIT application prevented the aforementioned detrimental alterations. Both force-frequency response and parallelly the twitch amplitude increased significantly in the DM + HIIT group. Half relaxation time (DT50) increased in both exercising and sedentary diabetics. FNDC5 was significantly higher in the exercising animals in soleus samples. Myonectin was significantly higher in the soleus muscle only in the DM + HIIT group. CONCLUSION Current findings show that diabetic myopathy develops earlier in glycolytic-fast-twitch fibers(EDL) than in oxidative-slow-twitch fibers(soleus). Furthermore, HIIT application prevents atrophy in skeletal muscle, increases resistance to fatigue, and has an anti-inflammatory effect. NEW FINDINGS The current study analyzes the myokine profile and skeletal muscle function under the effect of diabetes HIIT-type exercise. We also measured maximal exercise capacity and tailored the exercise program individually according to the result. Diabetic myopathy is an important complication of diabetes yet still, it is not understood completely. Our results show that HIIT-type training would be beneficial in diabetic myopathy but further investigation is needed to understand the whole molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeşim Özçatal
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fırat Akat
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Yakup Tatar
- TOBB Economy and Technology University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Fıçıcılar
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bilge Serdaroğlu
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ferda Topal Çelikkan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Metin Baştuğ
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey
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7
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Susanto H, Sugiharto, Taufiq A, Pranoto A, Dwi Trijoyo Purnomo J. Dynamic alteration of plasma levels of betatrophin in younger female onset obesity post acute moderate-intensity exercise training. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103546. [PMID: 36624736 PMCID: PMC9823226 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global metabolic disease anchored by a lack of physical activity lipid disturbances. Hitherto, betatrophin is a potential liver-derived hormone that regulates lipid metabolism. A total of 26 selected onset obese individuals (BMI range ± 28-31) were enrolled in this study and given moderate-intensity exercise. Importantly, our data show that acute moderate-intensity interval exercise (MIIE) and acute moderate-intensity continue to exercise (MICE) for 40 min significantly decrease the plasma level of full-length betatrophin respectively (174.18 ± 48.19 ng/mL; 182.31 ± 52.69 ng/mL), compared to the placebo (283.97 ± 32.23 ng/mL) post 10 min and 6 h exercise treatment (p ≤ 0.05). The plasma level of betatrophin was significantly and negatively correlated with BMI (r = - 0.412, p = 0.037), fasting blood glucose (r = - 0.390, p = 0.049), and positively correlated with VO2max (r = 0.456, p = 0.019). In addition, the linear and ordinal logistic regression analysis shows that betatrophin, is a potential predictor for BMI [estimate value = 0.995, p = 0.037 and OR (95 % CI) = 0.992 (0.0984-1.00), p = 0,048]. In summary, our data demonstrate that the circulating levels of betatrophin were decreased after acute moderate-intensity exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendra Susanto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia,Corresponding author at: Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Semarang No. 5 Street, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia.
| | - Sugiharto
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Taufiq
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia
| | - Adi Pranoto
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java 60132, Indonesia
| | - Jerry Dwi Trijoyo Purnomo
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, East Java 60117, Indonesia
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Qin S, Tian Z, Boidin M, Buckley BJR, Thijssen DHJ, Lip GYH. Irisin is an Effector Molecule in Exercise Rehabilitation Following Myocardial Infarction (Review). Front Physiol 2022; 13:935772. [PMID: 35845994 PMCID: PMC9276959 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.935772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Regular exercise is an effective non-pharmacological therapy for treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The therapeutic benefits of exercise are mediated partly through improved vascular and increase in metabolic health. Release of exercise-responsive myokines, including irisin, is associated with beneficial effects of exercise in CVD patients. Observations: The present review provides an overview of the role of exercise in cardiac rehabilitation of patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Further, the role of irisin as a motion-responsive molecule in improving vascular and metabolic health is explored. Possible mechanism of cardioprotective effect of irisin-mediated exercise on myocardial infarction are also summarized in this review. Conclusion and significance of the review: Irisin is associated with reduced inflammation, antioxidant properties, and anti-apoptotic effect, implying that it is a potential key mediator of the beneficial effects of exercise on vascular and metabolic health. The findings show that irisin is a promising therapeutic target for treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease, particularly post-MI. Further research should be conducted to elucidate the potential mechanisms of cardioprotective effects of irisin and explored whether irisin induced by exercise exerts rehabilitation effects post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Qin
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenjun Tian,
| | - Maxime Boidin
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (EPIC) Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin J. R. Buckley
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Dick H. J. Thijssen
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Y. H. Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Celik H, Dursun AD, Tatar Y, Omercioglu G, Bastug M. Irisin pathways in hearts of Type 1 diabetic adult male rats following 6 weeks of moderate and high-volume aerobic exercise on a treadmill. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00924-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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D’Amuri A, Raparelli V, Sanz JM, Capatti E, Di Vece F, Vaccari F, Lazzer S, Zuliani G, Dalla Nora E, Neri LM, Passaro A. Biological Response of Irisin Induced by Different Types of Exercise in Obese Subjects: A Non-Inferiority Controlled Randomized Study. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030392. [PMID: 35336766 PMCID: PMC8945525 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Among healthy male and female obese individuals undergoing a 12-week aerobic exercise program with either moderate intensity endurance or high-intensity interval training for losing weight, a reduction of circulating irisin was observed. Irisin is an important adipo-myokine implicated in the regulation of energy metabolism and cardiovascular health. Sex differences in the circulating levels of this biomarker have been previously reported and are likely related to the different anthropometric features between the sexes. A sex-specific modulation of circulating irisin levels should be further explored to tailor sex-specific training approaches for improving the cardiovascular health of obese subjects. Abstract Background: Weight loss through physical exercise is warranted among obese individuals. Recently, a greater benefit in cardiorespiratory fitness was achievable with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) as compared with moderate intensity continuous training. The beneficial effect of training on CV health might be related to a specific modulation of circulating irisin, an adypo-myokine implicated in the regulation of energy expenditure. Methods: The present study investigates the circulating plasma levels of irisin at baseline and in response to 12-week of training program either with HIIT or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) among young female and male obese subjects. Clinical, anthropometric, and training characteristics for each participant were available. A sex-disaggregated data for circulating plasma levels of irisin pre- and post-training are provided as well as an adjusted multivariate linear regression model to identify the determinants of post-training irisin levels. Results: Data from a total of 32 obese healthy individuals (47% female, mean age 38.7 years, mean BMI 35.6 kg/m2), randomized in a 1:1 manner to HIIT or MICT were analyzed. Circulating plasma levels of irisin similarly and significantly decreased in both MICT and HIIT interventional groups. Females had higher post-exercise irisin levels than males (6.32 [5.51–6.75] vs. 4.97 [4.57–5.72] μg/mL, p = 0.001). When stratified by an interventional group, a statistically significant difference was observed only for the MICT group (male, 4.76 [4.20–5.45] μg/mL vs. female 6.48 [4.88–6.84] μg/mL p = 0.03). The circulating post-training level of irisin was independently associated with post-training fat-free mass (β −0.34, 95% confidence interval, CI −0.062, −0.006, p = 0.019) in a model adjusted confounders. When female sex was added into the adjusted model, it was retained as the only factor independently associated with irisin levels (β 1.22, 95% CI, 0.50, 1.93, p = 0.002). Conclusions: In obese healthy subjects, circulating irisin levels were reduced in response to 12-weeks of exercise involving either HIIT or MICT. A sex-specific differences in circulating irisin levels at baseline and as biological response to chronic exercise was described. Sex-specific biological response of irisin to exercise should be further explored to tailor sex-specific training approaches for improving the cardiovascular health of obese healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D’Amuri
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.); (V.R.); (G.Z.); (E.D.N.)
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (F.D.V.)
| | - Valeria Raparelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.); (V.R.); (G.Z.); (E.D.N.)
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (F.D.V.)
| | - Juana Maria Sanz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Eleonora Capatti
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (F.D.V.)
| | - Francesca Di Vece
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (F.D.V.)
| | - Filippo Vaccari
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Sport Science, University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy; (F.V.); (S.L.)
| | - Stefano Lazzer
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Sport Science, University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy; (F.V.); (S.L.)
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.); (V.R.); (G.Z.); (E.D.N.)
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (F.D.V.)
| | - Edoardo Dalla Nora
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.); (V.R.); (G.Z.); (E.D.N.)
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (F.D.V.)
| | - Luca Maria Neri
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.); (V.R.); (G.Z.); (E.D.N.)
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA)—Electron Microscopy Center, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.M.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.); (V.R.); (G.Z.); (E.D.N.)
- Research and Innovation Section, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.M.N.); (A.P.)
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11
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Alduraywish AA. Cardiorespiratory and metabolic fitness indicators in novice volleyball trainees: effect of 1-week antioxidant supplementation with N-acetyl-cysteine/zinc/vitamin C. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211067125. [PMID: 34939440 PMCID: PMC8725015 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211067125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the effect of 7-day dietary supplementation of N-acetylcysteine (NAC)/zinc/vitamin C on the time-to-exhaustion (TTE), the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) index, and metabolic indicators. METHODS This study enrolled volleyball student trainees (n = 18 men) who took NAC/zinc/vitamin C (750 mg/5 mg/100 mg) for 7 days at Jouf University, Saudi Arabia. The CRF index and TTE were determined. Serum concentrations of metabolic regulators (insulin, betatrophin, and hepatocyte growth factor), biomarkers of cellular damage/hypoxia, and indicators of lipid and glycemic control were measured. RESULTS Supplementation improved the TTE and CRF index, and lowered cytochrome c, C-reactive protein, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), total cholesterol, insulin, and glycated hemoglobin values. Before and after supplementation, the CRF index was negatively correlated with body mass index and positively correlated with the TTE. Before supplementation, the CRF index was positively correlated with betatrophin concentrations, and hepatocyte growth factor concentrations were positively correlated with betatrophin concentrations and negatively correlated with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index. After supplementation, the CRF index was negatively correlated with HIF-1α concentrations and metabolites. Additionally, the TTE was negatively correlated with HIF-1α, cytochrome c, and triacylglycerol concentrations. CONCLUSION Supplementation of NAC/zinc/vitamin C improves metabolic and CRF performance.
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Ahmadabadi F, Nakhaei H, Mogharnasi M, Huang CJ. Aerobic interval training improves irisin and chemerin levels of both liver and visceral adipose tissues and circulating asprosin in rats with metabolic syndrome. Physiol Int 2021; 108:383-397. [PMID: 34529587 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2021.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The perturbation of adipokinetic hormones, such as irisin, chemerin, and asprosin has been reported to participate in pathological conditions (e.g., insulin resistance) and chronic inflammation. However, exercise training has been long established as an effective intervention for prevention and treatment of these chronic and metabolic diseases. This study was to examine the effects of aerobic continuous training (ACT) and aerobic interval training (AIT) on irisin and chemerin levels of liver tissue (LT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), circulating asprosin, and their relationships with cardiometabolic risk factors in rats with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: normal control (N-Ctr), control (Ctr-MetS), ACT, and AIT. After familiarization, rats with exercise intervention performed either ACT or AIT five times a week over eight weeks. The level of irisin in both ACT and AIT groups was higher than the Ctr-MetS group in LT and VAT, with a greater improvement of LT level observed in AIT vs. ACT groups. Furthermore, the level of chemerin in LT and VAT was lower in both ACT and AIT groups than the Ctr-MetS group, whereas only AIT group exhibited a reduction of serum asprosin when compared to ACT and Ctr-MetS, along with the improvements of cardiometabolic markers, such as HOMA-IR and lipid profile. These findings may support the efficiency and effectiveness of AIT intervention in the modulation of these novel metabolic hormones and cardiometabolic risk factors for reduced risk of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Ahmadabadi
- 1 Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hossein Nakhaei
- 2 Health Promotion Research Centre, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mogharnasi
- 1 Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Chun-Jung Huang
- 3 Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States
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13
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Sabouri M, Hatami E, Pournemati P, Shabkhiz F. Inflammatory, antioxidant and glycemic status to different mode of high-intensity training in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5291-5304. [PMID: 34228273 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06539-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise has traditionally been used and prescribed as an effective and suitable way to treat type 2 diabetics Mellitus (T2DM). In this regard, we compared inflammatory, antioxidant, and glycemic status to different kinds of high-intensity interval training (strength training, HIIT, and HIIT + ST) in patients with T2DM. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty-nine T2DM patients (age = 45-60 yrs) were randomly divided to strength training (ST) (n = 15), high intensity interval training (HIIT) (n = 16), HIIT + ST (n = 15) or served as control (CON) (n = 13) groups. Experimental groups performed three training sessions/week for 12 weeks. Inflammatory, antioxidant, glycemic factors, and anthropometric parameters were evaluated at baseline and after the 12 weeks of interventions. Training HIIT groups significantly improved antioxidant factors, lipid profile, and glycemic parameters (P ≤ 0.05). Interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) significantly decreased in the three training groups. As a result of training, the overall inflammatory and antioxidant status were improved considerably in all three training groups compared to the CON group (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, there were significant differences in CRP at the follow-up values between ST and CON groups (P ≤ 0.05). Exercise time and TC were significantly improved in HIIT than in the CON group (P ≤ 0.05). The results showed a significant difference between the HIIT + ST group and the CON group in VO2peak (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed improvement in inflammatory factors, antioxidants, and glycemic parameters in all training groups regardless of their type. However, for more benefits in T2DM patients, combination exercises can be suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Sabouri
- Department of Exercise Physiology & Health Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elaheh Hatami
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Pournemati
- Department of Exercise Physiology & Health Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shabkhiz
- Department of Exercise Physiology & Health Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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The production, detection, and origin of irisin and its effect on bone cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 178:316-324. [PMID: 33652046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Irisin is a muscle factor discovered in 2012 that plays an important role in many tissues, including bone. Eight years since its discovery, there are still many controversies regarding its molecular biology, detection, and effects on bone. This article summarizes the points raised to date, and discusses the mechanisms by which irisin regulates bone cells. The information reviewed here provides a useful foundation for future research.
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15
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Sousa RALD, Improta-Caria AC, Souza BSDF. Exercise-Linked Irisin: Consequences on Mental and Cardiovascular Health in Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2199. [PMID: 33672171 PMCID: PMC7926886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder associated with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Chronic exposure to a T2DM microenvironment with hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, oxidative stress and increased levels of proinflammatory mediators, has negative consequences to the cardiovascular system and mental health. Therefore, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mental health issues have been strongly associated with T2DM. Lifestyle modifications, including physical exercise training, are necessary to prevent T2DM development and its associated complications. It is widely known that the regular practice of exercise provides several physiological benefits to subjects with T2DM, such as managing glycemic and blood pressure levels. Different types of exercise, from aerobic to resistance training, are effective to improve mental health and cognitive function in T2DM. Irisin is a myokine produced in response to exercise, which has been pointed as a relevant mechanism of action to explain the benefits of exercise on cardiovascular and mental health in T2DM patients. Here, we review emerging clinical and experimental evidence about exercise-linked irisin consequences to cardiovascular and mental health in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais CEP 39.000-000, Brazil;
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício–GENE), Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais CEP 39.000-000, Brazil
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia CEP 40.110-100, Brazil;
- Department of Physical Education in Cardiology, Brazilian Society of Cardiology, Bahia CEP 41.170-130, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Bahia CEP 41.253-190, Brazil
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Bahia CEP 41.253-190, Brazil
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro CEP 22.281-100, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Bahia CEP 40.296-710, Brazil
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16
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Gasser B, Fitze D, Franchi M, Frei A, Niederseer D, Schmied CM, Catuogno S, Frey W, Flück M. The Cardiovascular Response to Interval Exercise Is Modified by the Contraction Type and Training in Proportion to Metabolic Stress of Recruited Muscle Groups. SENSORS 2020; 21:s21010173. [PMID: 33383837 PMCID: PMC7795051 DOI: 10.3390/s21010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background: Conventional forms of endurance training based on shortening contractions improve aerobic capacity but elicit a detriment of muscle strength. We hypothesized that eccentric interval training, loading muscle during the lengthening phase of contraction, overcome this interference and potentially adverse cardiovascular reactions, enhancing both muscle metabolism and strength, in association with the stress experienced during exercise. Methods: Twelve healthy participants completed an eight-week program of work-matched progressive interval-type pedaling exercise on a soft robot under predominately concentric or eccentric load. Results: Eccentric interval training specifically enhanced the peak power of positive anaerobic contractions (+28%), mitigated the strain on muscle’s aerobic metabolism, and lowered hemodynamic stress during interval exercise, concomitant with a lowered contribution of positive work to the target output. Concentric training alone lowered blood glucose concentration during interval exercise and mitigated heart rate and blood lactate concentration during ramp exercise. Training-induced adjustments for lactate and positive peak power were independently correlated (p < 0.05, |r| > 0.7) with indices of metabolic and mechanical muscle stress during exercise. Discussion: Task-specific improvements in strength and muscle’s metabolic capacity were induced with eccentric interval exercise lowering cardiovascular risk factors, except for blood glucose concentration, possibly through altered neuromuscular coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Gasser
- Departement für Sport, Bewegung und Gesundheit—Abteilung Rehabilitative und Regenerative Sportmedizin—Universität Basel—Birsstrasse, 320B CH, 4052 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Daniel Fitze
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Departement of Orthopaedics Balgrist Campus, University of Zurich Lengghalde, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland; (D.F.); (A.F.); (S.C.); (W.F.)
- Balgrist University Hospital Forchstrasse 319, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martino Franchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Annika Frei
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Departement of Orthopaedics Balgrist Campus, University of Zurich Lengghalde, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland; (D.F.); (A.F.); (S.C.); (W.F.)
- Balgrist University Hospital Forchstrasse 319, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David Niederseer
- Sports Cardiology Section, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (D.N.); (C.M.S.)
| | - Christian M. Schmied
- Sports Cardiology Section, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (D.N.); (C.M.S.)
| | - Silvio Catuogno
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Departement of Orthopaedics Balgrist Campus, University of Zurich Lengghalde, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland; (D.F.); (A.F.); (S.C.); (W.F.)
- Balgrist University Hospital Forchstrasse 319, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Frey
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Departement of Orthopaedics Balgrist Campus, University of Zurich Lengghalde, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland; (D.F.); (A.F.); (S.C.); (W.F.)
- Balgrist University Hospital Forchstrasse 319, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Flück
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Departement of Orthopaedics Balgrist Campus, University of Zurich Lengghalde, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland; (D.F.); (A.F.); (S.C.); (W.F.)
- Balgrist University Hospital Forchstrasse 319, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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17
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Sadeghipour HR, Yeganeh G, Zar A, Salesi M, Akbarzadeh S, Bernardi M. The effect of 4-week endurance training on serum levels of irisin and betatrophin in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 129:575-581. [PMID: 33270481 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1849310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Betatrophin known as pancreatic β-cell proliferation marker is secreted as a result of the muscle irisin's expression induced by exercise. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance training on serum levels of irisin and betatrophin in diabetic rats. Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of (1) healthy control group (H-CG), (2) diabetic control group (D-CG), and diabetic group submitted to endurance training (D-ETG). The D-ETG performed endurance exercise (4 week/5 days) on the rodent treadmill. For data analysis we used one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Irisin (p = .04) and betatrophin (p = .005) levels were significantly decreased in the D-CG. Endurance exercise only increased serum levels of irisin significantly (p = .03). There was a significant correlation was shown between serum betatrophin and beta-cell function (p = .03). It appears that a specific exercise training can increase irisin hormone, with possible impact on betatrophin expression in diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Sadeghipour
- Department of Sport Science, School of Literature and Humanities, Persian Gulf University, Boushehr, Iran
| | - Golan Yeganeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdossaleh Zar
- Department of Sport Science, School of Literature and Humanities, Persian Gulf University, Boushehr, Iran
| | - Mohsen Salesi
- Department of Sport Science, School of Psychology and Education, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samad Akbarzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Marco Bernardi
- School of Specialty in Sports Medicine and Physical Exercise; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "V. Erspamer"; "Sapienza", University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Kowalik S, Wiśniewska A, Kędzierski W, Janczarek I. Concentrations of Circulating Irisin and Myostatin in Race and Endurace Purebred Arabian Horses-Preliminary Study. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122268. [PMID: 33271939 PMCID: PMC7760310 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Irisin and myostatin are regulatory proteins produced by muscle cells. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of exercise on plasma irisin and myostatin concentrations in horses in different types of training (speed versus endurance). To find out, we tested 20 Arabian horses, submitted to the two different equestrian disciplines, and consequently different training regimes. The first group of horses realized a short-term, high-speed bout of exercise whereas the second group of horses were submitted to long-lasting, endurance effort. The obtained results showed that the single bout of exercise induced an increase in plasma myostatin concentration. Plasma irisin level decreased during the race season in racehorses. This means that irisin and myostatin may play a regulatory role in the maintenance of the energy balance processes. Abstract Skeletal muscle is considered to be the largest endocrine organ determining the maintenance of energy homeostasis. Adaptive changes in skeletal muscles in response to physical exercise influence the production as well as secretion of myokines, which are bioactive factors that play a crucial role in energy expenditure processes. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of two different types of exercise on the circulating level of two of these, myostatin and irisin, in trained horses. Twenty purebred Arabian horses were involved in the study: 10 three-year-old horses trained on the racetrack and 10 endurance horses aged 7.4 ± 1.9 years. The horses from both groups were regularly trained throughout the entire season, during which they also participated in Polish National competitions. To assess the influence of the training sessions on plasma myostatin and irisin concentrations, blood samples taken at rest and 30 min after the end of exercise were analyzed. In the studied horses, the single bout of exercise did not influence plasma irisin but induced an increase in plasma myostatin concentration. In racehorses, plasma irisin concentration decreased with the length of the training season. Plasma myostatin was higher in endurance horses than in three-year-old racehorses. Lack of exercise-induced fluctuation in circulating irisin in studied horses suggests that myostatin released in response to exercise provides a negative feedback signal to irisin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwester Kowalik
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Wiśniewska
- Department of Horse Breeding and Use, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Witold Kędzierski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Iwona Janczarek
- Department of Horse Breeding and Use, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
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Irisin Improves Autophagy of Aged Hepatocytes via Increasing Telomerase Activity in Liver Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6946037. [PMID: 31976032 PMCID: PMC6959141 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6946037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An aged liver has decreased reparative capacity during ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. A recent study showed that plasma irisin levels predict telomere length in healthy adults. The aim of the present study is to clarify the role of irisin, telomerase activity, and autophagy during hepatic IR in the elderly. To study this, hepatic IR was established in 22-month- and 3-month-old rats and primary hepatocytes were isolated. The results showed that the old rats exhibited more serious liver injury and lower levels of irisin expression, telomerase activity, autophagy ability, and mitochondrial function than young rats during hepatic IR. Irisin activated autophagy and improved mitochondrial function via increasing telomerase activity in aged hepatocytes. Inhibition of telomerase activity by BIBP1532 abolished the protective role of irisin in hepatocytes during hypoxia and reoxygenation. Additionally, this study proved irisin increased the telomerase activity via inhibition of the phosphorylation of JNK during hepatic IR. Administration of exogenous irisin significantly mitigated the inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and liver injury in an old rat model of hepatic IR. In conclusion, irisin improves autophagy of aged hepatocytes via increasing telomerase activity in hepatic IR. Irisin exhibits conspicuous benefits in increasing reparative capacity of an aged liver during hepatic IR.
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