1
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Ryu JH, Lee JA, Kim S, Shin YA, Yang J, Han HY, Son HJ, Kim YH, Sa JH, Kim JS, Lee J, Lee J, Park HG. Discovery of 2-((R)-4-(2-Fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-N-((1R,2s,3S,5S,7S)-5-hydroxyadamantan-2-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (SKI2852): A Highly Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (11β-HSD1). J Med Chem 2016; 59:10176-10189. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Je Ho Ryu
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, Seongnam-Si, Bundang-Gu, Sampyeong-Dong 686, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Korea
- Research
Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillim-Dong, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jung A Lee
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, Seongnam-Si, Bundang-Gu, Sampyeong-Dong 686, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Korea
| | - Shinae Kim
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, Seongnam-Si, Bundang-Gu, Sampyeong-Dong 686, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Korea
| | - Young Ah Shin
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, Seongnam-Si, Bundang-Gu, Sampyeong-Dong 686, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Korea
| | - Jewon Yang
- Research
Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillim-Dong, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Hye Young Han
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, Seongnam-Si, Bundang-Gu, Sampyeong-Dong 686, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Son
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, Seongnam-Si, Bundang-Gu, Sampyeong-Dong 686, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Korea
| | - Yong Hyuk Kim
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, Seongnam-Si, Bundang-Gu, Sampyeong-Dong 686, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Korea
| | - Joon Ho Sa
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, Seongnam-Si, Bundang-Gu, Sampyeong-Dong 686, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Korea
| | - Jae-Sun Kim
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, Seongnam-Si, Bundang-Gu, Sampyeong-Dong 686, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Korea
| | - Jungeun Lee
- Research
Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillim-Dong, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jeeyeon Lee
- Research
Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillim-Dong, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Hyeung-geun Park
- Research
Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillim-Dong, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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2
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Wang Y, Yang H, Li W, Meng P, Han Y, Zhang X, Cao D, Tan Y. Zuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Formulation Prevents Hyperglycaemia and Depressive-Like Behaviour in Rats by Reducing the Glucocorticoid Level in Plasma and Hippocampus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:158361. [PMID: 26273311 PMCID: PMC4530230 DOI: 10.1155/2015/158361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim. To determine whether Zuogui Jiangtang Jieyu prescription (ZGJTJY) has hypoglycemic and antidepressant effects which are mediated by corticosterone through adjustment of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) and glucocorticoid (GR) levels. Materials and Methods. The diabetes-related depression rats were randomly divided into four groups: the model group, metformin (1.8 mg/kg) combined with fluoxetine (10.8 mg/kg) group, and ZGJTJY high and low dose groups. Four weeks after modeling, blood glucose, behavior, and cognitive function of depression were detected. The expressions of 11β-HSD1 and GR in hippocampus were measured by western blotting and immunohistochemical experiments. Results. We found that (1) the treatment with ZGJTJY (10.26 g/kg) increases the motor activities and improves cognition ability. (2) ZGJTJY (10.26 g/kg) significantly relieves the disorder in blood and the relative indexes. (3) ZGJTJY (10.26 g/kg) can reduce hippocampal corticosterone expression levels and further improve hippocampus pathological changes. (4) ZGJTJY increased the expression of GR accompanied with decreasing 11β-HSD1 in hippocampus. Conclusions. ZGJTJY inhibits the expression of 11β-HSD1 and increases GR in hippocampus and subsequently modulates blood glucose levels, and therefore it is potential property that ZGJTJY could be of benefit for the treatment of behavior and cognitive function of diabetes-related depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuHong Wang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300, Bachelor Road, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Hui Yang
- First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Li
- First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Pan Meng
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300, Bachelor Road, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - YuanShan Han
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300, Bachelor Road, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300, Bachelor Road, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - DeLiang Cao
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300, Bachelor Road, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Yuansheng Tan
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300, Bachelor Road, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
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3
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Ryu JH, Kim S, Lee JA, Han HY, Son HJ, Lee HJ, Kim YH, Kim JS, Park HG. Synthesis and optimization of picolinamide derivatives as a novel class of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1679-1683. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Robb GR, Boyd S, Davies CD, Dossetter AG, Goldberg FW, Kemmitt PD, Scott JS, Swales JG. Design of pyrazolo-pyrimidines as 11β-HSD1 inhibitors through optimisation of molecular electrostatic potential. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00043b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and efficient lead optimisation through quantification of the molecular electrostatic potential using quantum mechanics.
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5
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Ryu JH, Kim S, Han HY, Son HJ, Lee HJ, Shin YA, Kim JS, Park HG. Synthesis and biological evaluation of picolinamides as potent inhibitors of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 25:695-700. [PMID: 25529735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of a series of 6-substituted picolinamide derivatives and their inhibitory activities against 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 are described. Optimization of the initial hit compound, N-cyclohexyl-6-(piperidin-1-yl)picolinamide (1) from high throughput screening of in-house library resulted in the discovery of the highly potent and metabolically stable compound 25, which was efficacious in a mouse ex vivo pharmacodynamic model and reduced the fasting blood glucose and insulin levels in a HF/STZ mouse model after oral dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je Ho Ryu
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, 686 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 463-400, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinae Kim
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, 686 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Han
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, 686 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Son
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, 686 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, 686 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ah Shin
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, 686 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sun Kim
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, 686 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeung-Geun Park
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Sun D, Ye Q, Yan X, Rew Y, Fan P, He X, Jiang M, McMinn DL, Monshouwer M, Tu H, Powers JP. Synthesis, in Vitro Covalent Binding Evaluation, and Metabolism of (14)C-Labeled Inhibitors of 11β-HSD1. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1245-50. [PMID: 25408839 DOI: 10.1021/ml500331y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this letter, we reported the design and synthesis of three potent, selective, and orally bioavailable 11β-HSD1 inhibitors labeled with (14)C: AMG 456 (1), AM-6949 (2), and AM-7715 (3). We evaluated the covalent protein binding of the labeled inhibitors in human liver microsomes in vitro and assessed their potential bioactivation risk in humans. We then studied the in vitro mechanism of 2 in human hepatocytes and the formation of reactive intermediates. Our study results suggest that 1 and 3 have low potential for metabolic bioactivation in humans, while 2 has relatively high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqing Sun
- Departments of Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Metabolic Disorders, and §Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, Amgen, Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Qiuping Ye
- Departments of Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Metabolic Disorders, and §Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, Amgen, Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Xuelei Yan
- Departments of Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Metabolic Disorders, and §Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, Amgen, Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yosup Rew
- Departments of Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Metabolic Disorders, and §Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, Amgen, Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Peter Fan
- Departments of Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Metabolic Disorders, and §Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, Amgen, Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Xiao He
- Departments of Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Metabolic Disorders, and §Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, Amgen, Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Min Jiang
- Departments of Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Metabolic Disorders, and §Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, Amgen, Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dustin L. McMinn
- Departments of Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Metabolic Disorders, and §Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, Amgen, Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mario Monshouwer
- Departments of Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Metabolic Disorders, and §Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, Amgen, Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hua Tu
- Departments of Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Metabolic Disorders, and §Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, Amgen, Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jay P. Powers
- Departments of Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Metabolic Disorders, and §Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, Amgen, Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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7
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Wright DH, Stone JA, Crumley TM, Wenning L, Zheng W, Yan K, Yang AY, Sun L, Cilissen C, Ramael S, Hermanowski-Vosatka A, Langdon RB, Gottesdiener KM, Wagner JA, Lai E. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies of the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor MK-0916 in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2014; 76:917-31. [PMID: 23594227 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To characterize pharmacokinetic parameters of MK-0916 and its safety and tolerability in lean, healthy male subjects following single and multiple oral doses. To assess (by stable-isotope labelling) the in vivo inhibition of cortisone-to-cortisol conversion following oral MK-0916. METHODS Data are presented from two randomized, controlled, double-blind, rising-dose phase I studies. In the first study, subjects received single oral doses of 0.4-100 mg MK-0916 (n = 16). In the second study, subjects received 0.2-225 mg MK-0916 followed by daily doses of 0.2-100 mg for 13 days beginning on day 2 or day 15 (n = 80). Plasma and urine drug concentrations were measured for pharmacokinetic analysis. For pharmacodynamic analysis, concentrations of plasma [(13)C4]cortisol were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry following a single oral dose of 5 mg [(13)C4]cortisone. RESULTS Doses ≥3 mg were rapidly absorbed (time at which maximal concentration was achieved in plasma, 1.1-1.8 h). Exposure (measured as the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 168 h) increased approximately in proportion to dose. Values for the maximal plasma concentration and the plasma concentration at 24 h increased in excess of dose proportionality at doses <6 mg and roughly in proportion to dose at doses >6 mg. In subjects dosed with 6 mg MK-0916 once daily for 14 days, the mean trough plasma concentration was 240 nm and in vivo cortisone-to-cortisol conversion was inhibited by 84%. The relationship between plasma MK-0916 and hepatic 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibition was well represented by a simple Emax model with an IC50 of 70.4 nm. Exposure to MK-0916 was generally well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 is effectively inhibited in human subjects by doses of MK-0916 that are well tolerated.
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8
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Goldberg FW, Dossetter AG, Scott JS, Robb GR, Boyd S, Groombridge SD, Kemmitt PD, Sjögren T, Gutierrez PM, deSchoolmeester J, Swales JG, Turnbull AV, Wild MJ. Optimization of Brain Penetrant 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type I Inhibitors and in Vivo Testing in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Med Chem 2014; 57:970-86. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4016729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James S. Scott
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme R. Robb
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Boyd
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Sam D. Groombridge
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D. Kemmitt
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Tove Sjögren
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - John G. Swales
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew V. Turnbull
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Wild
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
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9
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McCoull W, Augustin M, Blake C, Ertan A, Kilgour E, Krapp S, Moore JE, Newcombe NJ, Packer MJ, Rees A, Revill J, Scott JS, Selmi N, Gerhardt S, Ogg DJ, Steinbacher S, Whittamore PRO. Identification and optimisation of 3,3-dimethyl-azetidin-2-ones as potent and selective inhibitors of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1). MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00234a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Baias M, Dumez JN, Svensson PH, Schantz S, Day GM, Emsley L. De novo determination of the crystal structure of a large drug molecule by crystal structure prediction-based powder NMR crystallography. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:17501-7. [PMID: 24168679 DOI: 10.1021/ja4088874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of form 4 of the drug 4-[4-(2-adamantylcarbamoyl)-5-tert-butyl-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid is determined using a protocol for NMR powder crystallography at natural isotopic abundance combining solid-state (1)H NMR spectroscopy, crystal structure prediction, and density functional theory chemical shift calculations. This is the first example of NMR crystal structure determination for a molecular compound of previously unknown structure, and at 422 g/mol this is the largest compound to which this method has been applied so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Baias
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, CNRS/ENS-Lyon/UCB Lyon 1, Université de Lyon , 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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11
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Discovery of SAR184841, a potent and long-lasting inhibitor of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, active in a physiopathological animal model of T2D. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2414-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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12
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Sawada T, Nakada M. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Colletoic Acid via Catalytic Asymmetric Intramolecular Cyclopropanation of an α-Diazo-β-keto Diphenylphosphine Oxide. Org Lett 2013; 15:1004-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol303459x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sawada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Masahisa Nakada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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13
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Scott JS, deSchoolmeester J, Kilgour E, Mayers RM, Packer MJ, Hargreaves D, Gerhardt S, Ogg DJ, Rees A, Selmi N, Stocker A, Swales JG, Whittamore PRO. Novel Acidic 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (11β-HSD1) Inhibitor with Reduced Acyl Glucuronide Liability: The Discovery of 4-[4-(2-Adamantylcarbamoyl)-5-tert-butyl-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic Acid (AZD8329). J Med Chem 2012; 55:10136-47. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301252n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James S. Scott
- Cardiovascular & Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne deSchoolmeester
- Cardiovascular & Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Kilgour
- Cardiovascular & Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel M. Mayers
- Cardiovascular & Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Packer
- Cardiovascular & Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - David Hargreaves
- Cardiovascular & Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Gerhardt
- Cardiovascular & Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Derek J. Ogg
- Cardiovascular & Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Rees
- Cardiovascular & Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Nidhal Selmi
- Cardiovascular & Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Stocker
- Cardiovascular & Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - John G. Swales
- Cardiovascular & Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R. O. Whittamore
- Cardiovascular & Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
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14
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Adamantyl carboxamides and acetamides as potent human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6394-402. [PMID: 23040895 PMCID: PMC3510433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The modulation of 11β-HSD1 activity with selective inhibitors has beneficial effects on various metabolic disorders including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and obesity. Here we report the discovery of a series of novel adamantyl carboxamide and acetamide derivatives as selective inhibitors of human 11β-HSD1 in HEK-293 cells transfected with the HSD11B1 gene. Optimization based on an initially identified 11β-HSD1 inhibitor (3) led to the discovery of potent inhibitors with IC(50) values in the 100 nM range. These compounds are also highly selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitors with no activity against 11β-HSD2 and 17β-HSD1. Compound 15 (IC(50)=114 nM) with weak inhibitory activity against the key human cytochrome P450 enzymes and moderate stability in incubation with human liver microsomes is worthy of further development. Importantly, compound 41 (IC(50)=280 nM) provides a new lead that incorporates an adamantyl group surrogate and should enable further series diversification.
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15
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Scott JS, Gill AL, Godfrey L, Groombridge SD, Rees A, Revill J, Schofield P, Sörme P, Stocker A, Swales JG, Whittamore PRO. Optimisation of pharmacokinetic properties in a neutral series of 11β-HSD1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:6756-61. [PMID: 23013933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
11β-HSD1 is increasingly seen as an attractive target for the treatment of type II diabetes and other elements of the metabolic syndrome. In this program of work we describe how a series of neutral 2-thioalkyl-pyridine 11β-HSD1 inhibitors were optimized in terms of their pharmacokinetic properties to give compounds with excellent bioavailability in both rat and dog through a core change to pyrimidine. A potential reactive metabolite issue with 4-thioalkyl-pyrimidines was circumvented by a switch from sulfur to carbon substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Scott
- Cardiovascular & Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK.
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16
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Scott JS, Bowker SS, Deschoolmeester J, Gerhardt S, Hargreaves D, Kilgour E, Lloyd A, Mayers RM, McCoull W, Newcombe NJ, Ogg D, Packer MJ, Rees A, Revill J, Schofield P, Selmi N, Swales JG, Whittamore PRO. Discovery of a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable acidic 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitor: discovery of 2-[(3S)-1-[5-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)-6-propylsulfanylpyridin-2-yl]-3-piperidyl]acetic acid (AZD4017). J Med Chem 2012; 55:5951-64. [PMID: 22691057 DOI: 10.1021/jm300592r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of 11β-HSD1 is an attractive mechanism for the treatment of obesity and other elements of the metabolic syndrome. We report here the discovery of a nicotinic amide derived carboxylic acid class of inhibitors that has good potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic characteristics. Compound 11i (AZD4017) is an effective inhibitor of 11β-HSD1 in human adipocytes and exhibits good druglike properties and as a consequence was selected for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Scott
- Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK.
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17
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Scott JS, Barton P, Bennett SNL, deSchoolmeester J, Godfrey L, Kilgour E, Mayers RM, Packer MJ, Rees A, Schofield P, Selmi N, Swales JG, Whittamore PRO. Reduction of acyl glucuronidation in a series of acidic 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitors: the discovery of AZD6925. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20154b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Pradaux-Caggiano F, Su X, Vicker N, Thomas MP, Smithen D, Halem HA, Culler MD, Potter BVL. Synthesis and evaluation of thiadiazole derivatives as inhibitors of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20091k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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19
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Su X, Pradaux-Caggiano F, Vicker N, Thomas MP, Halem H, Culler MD, Potter BVL. Adamantyl ethanone pyridyl derivatives: potent and selective inhibitors of human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:1616-29. [PMID: 21714097 PMCID: PMC3179844 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of active glucocorticoids have been implicated in the development of several phenotypes of metabolic syndrome, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) catalyses the intracellular conversion of inactive cortisone to cortisol. Selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitors have shown beneficial effects in various conditions, including diabetes, dyslipidemia and obesity. A series of adamantyl ethanone pyridyl derivatives has been identified, providing potent and selective inhibitors of human 11β-HSD1. Lead compounds display low nanomolar inhibition against human and mouse 11β-HSD1 and are selective for this isoform, with no activity against 11β-HSD2 and 17β-HSD1. Structure-activity relationship studies reveal that an unsubstituted pyridine tethered to an adamantyl ethanone motif through an ether or sulfoxide linker provides a suitable pharmacophore for activity. The most potent inhibitors have IC₅₀ values around 34-48 nM against human 11β-HSD1, display reasonable metabolic stability in human liver microsomes, and weak inhibition of key human CYP450 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Su
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of BathBath, BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225 386114
| | - Fabienne Pradaux-Caggiano
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of BathBath, BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225 386114
| | - Nigel Vicker
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of BathBath, BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225 386114
| | - Mark P Thomas
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of BathBath, BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225 386114
| | - Heather Halem
- IPSEN, Biomeasure Inc.27 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757 (USA)
| | | | - Barry V L Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of BathBath, BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225 386114
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20
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Feig PU, Shah S, Hermanowski-Vosatka A, Plotkin D, Springer MS, Donahue S, Thach C, Klein EJ, Lai E, Kaufman KD. Effects of an 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor, MK-0916, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Obes Metab 2011; 13:498-504. [PMID: 21272190 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01375.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM We examined the effects of the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD1) inhibitor, MK-0916, on the multiple components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and MetS. METHODS This was a 12-week, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients with T2DM (mean baseline A1C: 7.3%) and National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III)-defined MetS were randomized 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 to 0.5, 2 or 6 mg/day MK-0916 or placebo. The primary efficacy endpoint was a change from baseline at week 12 in fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Secondary endpoints included glycosylated haemoglobin A(1c) (A1C), 2-h postprandial glucose (2-h PPG), body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure and lipid profile. RESULTS Treatment with MK-0916 had no significant effect relative to placebo on FPG at week 12. Compared to placebo, 6 mg MK-0916 produced a modest, significant (p = 0.049) reduction in A1C of 0.3% at week 12, but no significant difference was observed in 2-h PPG. Six milligram MK-0916 increased LDL-C relative to placebo by 10.4% (p = 0.041). Treatment with MK-0916 led to modest dose-dependent decreases in blood pressure and body weight. Overall, MK-0916 was generally well tolerated. MK-0916 produced mechanism-based activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, resulting in mean increases in adrenal androgen levels that remained within the normal range at all doses tested. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of HSD1 with MK-0916 was generally well tolerated in patients with T2DM and MetS. Although no significant improvement in FPG was observed with MK-0916 compared to placebo, modest improvements in A1C, body weight and blood pressure were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P U Feig
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Rahway, NJ, USA.
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21
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Su X, Vicker N, Thomas MP, Pradaux-Caggiano F, Halem H, Culler MD, Potter BVL. Discovery of adamantyl heterocyclic ketones as potent 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:1439-51. [PMID: 21608132 PMCID: PMC3170876 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) plays a key role in converting intracellular cortisone to physiologically active cortisol, which is implicated in the development of several phenotypes of metabolic syndrome. Inhibition of 11β-HSD1 activity with selective inhibitors has beneficial effects on various conditions, including diabetes, dyslipidemia and obesity, and therefore constitutes a promising strategy to discover novel therapies for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. A series of novel adamantyl heterocyclic ketones provides potent and selective inhibitors of human 11β-HSD1. Lead compounds display low nanomolar inhibition against human and mouse 11β-HSD1 and are selective with no activity against 11β-HSD2 and 17β-HSD1. Selected potent 11β-HSD1 inhibitors show moderate metabolic stability upon incubation with human liver microsomes and weak inhibition of human CYP450 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Su
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA27AY, UK
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22
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Shah S, Hermanowski-Vosatka A, Gibson K, Ruck RA, Jia G, Zhang J, Hwang PM, Ryan NW, Langdon RB, Feig PU. Efficacy and safety of the selective 11β-HSD-1 inhibitors MK-0736 and MK-0916 in overweight and obese patients with hypertension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 5:166-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Venier O, Pascal C, Braun A, Namane C, Mougenot P, Crespin O, Pacquet F, Mougenot C, Monseau C, Onofri B, Dadji-Faïhun R, Leger C, Ben-Hassine M, Van-Pham T, Ragot JL, Philippo C, Güssregen S, Engel C, Farjot G, Noah L, Maniani K, Nicolaï E. Pyrrolidine-pyrazole ureas as potent and selective inhibitors of 11β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase type 1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2244-51. [PMID: 21439819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.02.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A High Throughput Screening campaign allowed the identification of a novel class of ureas as 11β-HSD1 inhibitors. Rational chemical optimization provided potent and selective inhibitors of both human and murine 11β-HSD1 with an appropriate ADME profile and ex vivo activity in target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Venier
- Sanofi-aventis R&D, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91385 Chilly-Mazarin, France.
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24
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Sun D, Wang Z, Caille S, DeGraffenreid M, Gonzalez-Lopez de Turiso F, Hungate R, Jaen JC, Jiang B, Julian LD, Kelly R, McMinn DL, Kaizerman J, Rew Y, Sudom A, Tu H, Ursu S, Walker N, Willcockson M, Yan X, Ye Q, Powers JP. Synthesis and optimization of novel 4,4-disubstituted cyclohexylbenzamide derivatives as potent 11β-HSD1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 21:405-10. [PMID: 21093258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Revised: 10/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and SAR of a series of 4,4-disubstituted cyclohexylbenzamide inhibitors of 11β-HSD1 are described. Optimization rapidly led to potent, highly selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitors demonstrating efficacy in both rat and non-human primate ex vivo pharmacodynamic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqing Sun
- Amgen Inc, 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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25
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Su X, Pradaux-Caggiano F, Thomas MP, Szeto MWY, Halem HA, Culler MD, Vicker N, Potter BVL. Discovery of adamantyl ethanone derivatives as potent 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:1026-44. [PMID: 20486152 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11beta-HSDs) are key enzymes regulating the pre-receptor metabolism of glucocorticoid hormones. The modulation of 11beta-HSD type 1 activity with selective inhibitors has beneficial effects on various conditions including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and obesity. Inhibition of tissue-specific glucocorticoid action by regulating 11beta-HSD1 constitutes a promising treatment for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. A series of novel adamantyl ethanone compounds was identified as potent inhibitors of human 11beta-HSD1. The most active compounds identified (52, 62, 72, 92, 103 and 104) display potent inhibition of 11beta-HSD1 with IC(50) values in the 50-70 nM range. Compound 72 also proved to be metabolically stable when incubated with human liver microsomes. Furthermore, compound 72 showed very weak inhibitory activity for human cytochrome P450 enzymes and is therefore a candidate for in vivo studies. Comparison of the publicly available X-ray crystal structures of human 11beta-HSD1 led to docking studies of the potent compounds, revealing how these molecules may interact with the enzyme and cofactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Su
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Sterix Ltd, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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26
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Yan X, Wang Z, Sudom A, Cardozo M, DeGraffenreid M, Di Y, Fan P, He X, Jaen JC, Labelle M, Liu J, Ma J, McMinn D, Miao S, Sun D, Tang L, Tu H, Ursu S, Walker N, Ye Q, Powers JP. The synthesis and SAR of novel diarylsulfone 11β-HSD1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:7071-5. [PMID: 20971000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this communication, human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitory activities of a novel series of diarylsulfones are described. Optimization of this series resulted in several highly potent 11β-HSD1 inhibitors with excellent pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. Compound (S)-25 showed excellent efficacy in a non-human primate ex vivo pharmacodynamic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelei Yan
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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27
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Robinzon B, Prough RA. A novel NADP(+)-dependent dehydrogenase activity for 7alpha/beta- and 11beta-hydroxysteroids in human liver nuclei: A third 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2009; 486:170-6. [PMID: 19416720 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human tissue from uninvolved liver of cancer patients was fractionated using differential centrifugation and characterized for 11betaHSD enzyme activity against corticosterone, dehydrocorticosterone, 7alpha- and 7beta-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone, and 7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone. An enzyme activity was observed in nuclear protein fractions that utilized either NADP(+) or NAD(+), but not NADPH and NADH, as pyridine nucleotide cofactor with K(m) values of 12+/-2 and 390+/-2microM, compared to the K(m) for microsomal 11betaHSD1 of 43+/-8 and 264+/-24microM, respectively. The K(m) for corticosterone in the NADP(+)-dependent nuclear oxidation reaction was 102+/-16nM, compared to 4.3+/-0.8microM for 11betaHSD1. The K(cat) values for nuclear activity with NADP(+) was 1687nmol/min/mg/micromol, compared to 755nmol/min/mg/micromol for microsomal 11betaHSD1 activity. Inhibitors of 11betaHSD1 decreased both nuclear and microsomal enzyme activities, suggesting that the nuclear activity may be due to an enzyme similar to 11betaHSD Type 1 and 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Robinzon
- Department of Animal Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
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28
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Sun D, Wang Z, Cardozo M, Choi R, DeGraffenreid M, Di Y, He X, Jaen JC, Labelle M, Liu J, Ma J, Miao S, Sudom A, Tang L, Tu H, Ursu S, Walker N, Yan X, Ye Q, Powers JP. Synthesis and optimization of arylsulfonylpiperazines as a novel class of inhibitors of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:1522-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.12.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2008] [Revised: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 12/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Sun D, Wang Z, Di Y, Jaen JC, Labelle M, Ma J, Miao S, Sudom A, Tang L, Tomooka CS, Tu H, Ursu S, Walker N, Yan X, Ye Q, Powers JP. Discovery and initial SAR of arylsulfonylpiperazine inhibitors of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3513-6. [PMID: 18511278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 05/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput screening of a small-molecule compound library resulted in the identification of a series of arylsulfonylpiperazines that are potent and selective inhibitors of human 11beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (11beta-HSD1). Optimization of the initial lead resulted in the discovery of compound (R)-45 (11beta-HSD1 IC(50)=3nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqing Sun
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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30
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Zhu Y, Olson SH, Graham D, Patel G, Hermanowski-Vosatka A, Mundt S, Shah K, Springer M, Thieringer R, Wright S, Xiao J, Zokian H, Dragovic J, Balkovec JM. Phenylcyclobutyl triazoles as selective inhibitors of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3412-6. [PMID: 18440812 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
3-(Phenylcyclobutyl)-1,2,4-triazoles were identified as selective inhibitors of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1). These were active both in vitro and in an in vivo mouse pharmacodynamic (PD) model. Fluorine substitution of the cyclobutane ring improved the pharmacokinetic profile significantly. The synthesis and structure-activity relationships are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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31
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Zhu Y, Olson SH, Hermanowski-Vosatka A, Mundt S, Shah K, Springer M, Thieringer R, Wright S, Xiao J, Zokian H, Balkovec JM. 4-Methyl-5-phenyl triazoles as selective inhibitors of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3405-11. [PMID: 18440811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
4-Methyl-5-phenyl-(1,2,4)-triazoles were identified as selective inhibitors of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1). They were active in vitro and in an in vivo mouse pharmacodynamic (PD) model. The synthesis and structure activity relationships are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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32
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Chapman KE, Seckl JR. 11beta-HSD1, inflammation, metabolic disease and age-related cognitive (dys)function. Neurochem Res 2007; 33:624-36. [PMID: 17963039 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-007-9504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) is an intracellular amplifier of glucocorticoid action. By converting intrinsically inert glucocorticoids (cortisone, 11-dehydrocorticosterone) into their active forms (cortisol, corticosterone), 11beta-HSD1 increases glucocorticoid access to receptors. Glucocorticoid hormones modulate diverse physiological processes, linking circadian rhythms to food seeking, motivational and cognitive behaviours, as well as intermediary metabolism and immune responses. They are a key component of pathways that buffer the organism against stressful challenges. Here we review the part played in these processes by 11beta-HSD1, and discuss the promise of inhibitors of 11beta-HSD1 in alleviating disorders associated with cumulative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Chapman
- Endocrinology Unit, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
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33
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The scientific impact of the Structural Genomics Consortium: a protein family and ligand-centered approach to medically-relevant human proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 8:107-19. [PMID: 17932789 PMCID: PMC2140095 DOI: 10.1007/s10969-007-9027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2007] [Accepted: 09/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
As many of the structural genomics centers have ended their first phase of operation, it is a good point to evaluate the scientific impact of this endeavour. The Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), operating from three centers across the Atlantic, investigates human proteins involved in disease processes and proteins from Plasmodium falciparum and related organisms. We present here some of the scientific output of the Oxford node of the SGC, where the target areas include protein kinases, phosphatases, oxidoreductases and other metabolic enzymes, as well as signal transduction proteins. The SGC has aimed to achieve extensive coverage of human gene families with a focus on protein–ligand interactions. The methods employed for effective protein expression, crystallization and structure determination by X-ray crystallography are summarized. In addition to the cumulative impact of accelerated delivery of protein structures, we demonstrate how family coverage, generic screening methodology, and the availability of abundant purified protein samples, allow a level of discovery that is difficult to achieve otherwise. The contribution of NMR to structure determination and protein characterization is discussed. To make this information available to a wide scientific audience, a new tool for disseminating annotated structural information was created that also represents an interactive platform allowing for a continuous update of the annotation by the scientific community.
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Alberti L, Girola A, Gilardini L, Conti A, Cattaldo S, Micheletto G, Invitti C. Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome are associated with increased expression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 in obese subjects. Int J Obes (Lond) 2007; 31:1826-31. [PMID: 17593901 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of glucocorticoids production in adipose tissue in the development of metabolic disorders in humans has not been fully characterized. We investigated whether in obese subjects, 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) expression in subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue is associated with the occurrence of metabolic disorders and the expression of adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and two glucocorticoid-regulated adipokines able to influence the metabolic control. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS Sixty-two obese patients were enrolled in the study. SAT and VAT samples were obtained from 13 patients undergoing bariatric surgery (body mass index (BMI) 39.1+/-5.3 kg/m(2)). SAT samples were obtained from 49 patients who underwent periumbilical biopsy (BMI 36.9+/-5.1 kg/m(2)). MEASUREMENTS Oral glucose tolerance tests in subjects without known diabetes. Circulating glucose, lipid, insulin, adiponectin, TNFalpha and urinary-free cortisol levels. Real-time PCR to quantify mRNA levels of 11beta-HSD1, hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PDH), adiponectin and TNFalpha. Western blot analysis to evaluate 11beta-HSD1 protein expression. RESULTS In the majority of the obese subjects, VAT expresses more 11beta-HSD1 than SAT. VAT 11beta-HSD1 expression was not associated with metabolic disorders. SAT 11beta-HSD1 mRNA levels were higher in subjects with than in those without metabolic syndrome (P<0.05) and in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to patients with impaired or normal glucose tolerance (P<0.0001). SAT 11beta-HSD1 expression was independently related to fasting glucose (P<0.0001) and urinary-free cortisol levels (P<0.01), and increased expression of 11beta-HSD1 was associated with increased adiponectin and TNFalpha expression and decreased serum adiponectin levels (all P's <0.05). CONCLUSIONS In obese subjects, increased 11beta-HSD1 expression in SAT, but not in VAT, is associated with the worsening of metabolic conditions. We hypothesize that higher glucocorticoid production in adipose tissue would favor the development of metabolic disorders through a decrease in adiponectin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Alberti
- Unit for Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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35
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Oppermann U. Carbonyl reductases: the complex relationships of mammalian carbonyl- and quinone-reducing enzymes and their role in physiology. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2007; 47:293-322. [PMID: 17009925 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Carbonyl groups are frequently found in endogenous or xenobiotic compounds. Reactive carbonyls, formed during lipid peroxidation or food processing, and xenobiotic quinones are able to covalently modify DNA or amino acids. They can also promote oxidative stress, the products of which are thought to be an important initiating factor in degenerative diseases or cancer. Carbonyl groups are reduced by an array of distinct NADPH-dependent enzymes, belonging to several oxidoreductase families. These reductases often show broad and overlapping substrate specificities and some well-characterized members, e.g., carbonyl reductase (CBR1) or NADPH-quinone reductase (NQO1) have protective roles toward xenobiotic carbonyls and quinones because metabolic reduction leads to less toxic products, which can be further metabolized and excreted. This review summarizes the current knowledge on structure and function relationships of the major human and mammalian carbonyl reductases identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo Oppermann
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Botnar Research Center, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
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Chapman KE, Coutinho A, Gray M, Gilmour JS, Savill JS, Seckl JR. Local amplification of glucocorticoids by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and its role in the inflammatory response. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1088:265-73. [PMID: 17192572 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1366.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are widely used to treat chronic inflammatory conditions including rheumatoid arthritis. They promote mechanisms important for normal resolution of inflammation, notably macrophage phagocytosis of leukocytes undergoing apoptosis. Prereceptor metabolism of glucocorticoids by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) amplifies intracellular levels of glucocorticoids by oxoreduction of intrinsically inert cortisone (in humans, 11-dehydrocorticosterone in mice) into active cortisol (corticosterone in mice) within cells expressing the enzyme. Recently, we have shown in a mouse model of acute inflammation, high expression of 11beta-HSD oxoreductase but not dehydrogenase activity in cells elicited rapidly in the peritoneum by a single thioglycollate injection. 11beta-HSD oxoreductase activity remained high in peritoneal cells until the inflammation resolved. In vitro, the 11beta-HSD1 substrate, 11-dehydrocorticosterone, increased macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils to the same extent as corticosterone. This effect was dependent upon 11beta-HSD1: these cells solely expressed the type 1 11beta-HSD isozyme (not 11beta-HSD2), and carbenoxolone, an 11beta-HSD inhibitor, prevented the increase in phagocytosis elicited by 11-dehydrocorticosterone. Macrophages from 11beta-HSD1-deficient mice failed to respond to 11-dehydrocorticosterone. In vivo, 11beta-HSD1-deficient mice showed a delay in acquisition of macrophage phagocytic competence and had an increased number of free apoptotic neutrophils during sterile peritonitis. Importantly, in preliminary experiments, 11beta-HSD1-deficient mice exhibited delayed resolution of inflammation in experimental arthritis. These findings suggest 11beta-HSD1 may be a component of mechanisms engaged early during the inflammatory response that promote its subsequent resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Chapman
- Endocrinology Unit, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
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Wu X, Lukacik P, Kavanagh KL, Oppermann U. SDR-type human hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases involved in steroid hormone activation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2007; 265-266:71-6. [PMID: 17234335 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2006.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreduction of hydroxyl and oxo-functions at distinct positions of steroid hormones. This reversible reaction constitutes an important pre-receptor control mechanism for nuclear receptor ligands of the androgen, estrogen and glucocorticoid classes, since the conversion "switches" between receptor ligands and their inactive metabolites. The major reversible activities found in mammals acting on steroid hormones comprise 3alpha-, 11beta- and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, and for each group several distinct isozymes have been described. The enzymes differ in their expression pattern, nucleotide cofactor preference, steroid substrate specificity and subcellular localization, and thus constitute a complex system ensuring cell-specific adaptation and regulation of steroid hormone levels. Several isoforms constitute promising drug targets, of particular importance in cancer, metabolic diseases, neurodegeneration and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiu Wu
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom
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Yeh VSC, Kurukulasuriya R, Fung S, Monzon K, Chiou W, Wang J, Stolarik D, Imade H, Shapiro R, Knourek-Segel V, Bush E, Wilcox D, Nguyen PT, Brune M, Jacobson P, Link JT. Discovery of orally active butyrolactam 11β-HSD1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5555-60. [PMID: 16931002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2006] [Revised: 08/03/2006] [Accepted: 08/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of metabolically stable butyrolactam 11beta-HSD1 inhibitors have been synthesized and biologically evaluated. These compounds exhibit excellent HSD1 potency and HSD2 selectivity, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vince S C Yeh
- Metabolic Disease Research, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, AP-10-304B, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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Yeh VSC, Patel JR, Yong H, Kurukulasuriya R, Fung S, Monzon K, Chiou W, Wang J, Stolarik D, Imade H, Beno D, Brune M, Jacobson P, Sham H, Link JT. Synthesis and biological evaluation of heterocycle containing adamantane 11β-HSD1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5414-9. [PMID: 16899366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Revised: 07/15/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of metabolically stable adamantane amide 11beta-HSD1 inhibitors have been synthesized and biologically evaluated. These compounds exhibit excellent HSD1 potency and HSD2 selectivity and good pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vince S C Yeh
- Metabolic Disease Research, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, AP-10,304B, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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Sorensen B, Rohde J, Wang J, Fung S, Monzon K, Chiou W, Pan L, Deng X, Stolarik D, Frevert EU, Jacobson P, Link JT. Adamantane 11-beta-HSD-1 inhibitors: Application of an isocyanide multicomponent reaction. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5958-62. [PMID: 16996734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.08.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Revised: 08/30/2006] [Accepted: 08/31/2006] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of potent and selective adamantane aminoamide 11-beta-HSD-1 inhibitors has been optimized. Chemically these studies were expedited by utilizing readily obtained amino acids as starting materials or an isocyanide multicomponent reaction. Structure-activity relationship studies resulted in the discovery of dual human and mouse 11-beta-HSD-1 potent and selective inhibitors like adamantane 11 and related compounds with high metabolic stability and robust pharmacokinetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Sorensen
- Metabolic Disease Research, Abbott, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA
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