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Niri P, Saha A, Polopalli S, Kumar M, Das S, Chattopadhyay P. Role of biomarkers and molecular signaling pathways in acute lung injury. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024; 38:640-657. [PMID: 38279523 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) is caused by bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. When pathogens invade the lungs, the immune system responds by producing cytokines, chemokines, and interferons to promote the infiltration of phagocytic cells, which are essential for pathogen clearance. Their excess production causes an overactive immune response and a pathological hyper-inflammatory state, which leads to ALI. Until now, there is no particular pharmaceutical treatment available for ALI despite known inflammatory mediators like neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). OBJECTIVES Therefore, the primary objective of this review is to provide the clear overview on the mechanisms controlling NETs, ROS formation, and other relevant processes during the pathogenesis of ALI. In addition, we have discussed the significance of epithelial and endothelial damage indicators and several molecular signaling pathways associated with ALI. METHODS The literature review was done from Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar for ALI, NETs, ROS, inflammation, biomarkers, Toll- and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors, alveolar damage, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and epithelial/endothelial damage alone or in combination. RESULTS This review summarized the main clinical signs of ALI, including the regulation and distinct function of epithelial and endothelial biomarkers, NETs, ROS, and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). CONCLUSION However, no particular drugs including vaccine for ALI has been established. Furthermore, there is a lack of validated diagnostic tools and a poor predictive rationality of current therapeutic biomarkers. Hence, extensive and precise research is required to speed up the process of drug testing and development by the application of artificial intelligence technologies, structure-based drug design, in-silico approaches, and drug repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakter Niri
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory (DRL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Tezpur, 784 001, India
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Achintya Saha
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Subramanyam Polopalli
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory (DRL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Tezpur, 784 001, India
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory (DRL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Tezpur, 784 001, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004, India
| | - Sanghita Das
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory (DRL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Tezpur, 784 001, India
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory (DRL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Tezpur, 784 001, India
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Li X, Zhang X, Kang Y, Cai M, Yan J, Zang C, Gao Y, Qi Y. Scutellarein Suppresses the Production of ROS and Inflammatory Mediators of LPS-Activated Bronchial Epithelial Cells and Attenuates Acute Lung Injury in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:710. [PMID: 38929149 PMCID: PMC11200809 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Scutellarein is a key active constituent present in many plants, especially in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Erigeron breviscapus (vant.) Hand-Mazz which possesses both anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. It also is the metabolite of scutellarin, with the ability to relieve LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI), strongly suggesting that scutellarein could suppress respiratory inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of scutellarein on lung inflammation by using LPS-activated BEAS-2B cells (a human bronchial epithelial cell line) and LPS-induced ALI mice. The results showed that scutellarein could reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation through inhibiting the activation of NADPH oxidases, markedly downregulating the transcription and translation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 8 in LPS-activated BEAS-2B cells. The mechanism study revealed that it suppressed the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, consequently hindering the translocation of p65 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and its subsequent binding to DNA, thereby decreasing NF-κB-regulated gene transcription. Notably, scutellarein had no impact on the activation of AP-1 signaling. In LPS-induced ALI mice, scutellarein significantly decreased IL-6, CCL2, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, attenuated lung injury, and inhibited neutrophil infiltration. Our findings suggest that scutellarein may be a beneficial agent for the treatment of infectious pneumonia by virtue of its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.K.); (M.C.); (J.Y.); (C.Z.)
| | - Yun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.K.); (M.C.); (J.Y.); (C.Z.)
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3
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Lichtsinn KC, Church JT, Waltz PK, Azzuqa A, Graham J, Troutman J, Li R, Mahmood B. Early Ventilator Management for Infants With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Impact of a Standardized Clinical Practice Guideline. J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59:451-458. [PMID: 37865575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) experience high morbidity and mortality due to pulmonary arterial hypertension and hypoplasia. Mechanical ventilation is a central component of CDH management. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of a standardized clinical practice guideline (implemented in January 2012) on ventilator management for infants with CDH, and associate management changes with short-term outcomes, specifically extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) utilization and survival to discharge. METHODS We conducted a retrospective pre-post study of 103 CDH infants admitted from January 2007-July 2021, divided pre- (n = 40) and post-guideline (n = 63). Clinical outcomes, ventilator settings, and blood gas values in the first 7 days of mechanical ventilation were compared between the pre- and post-guideline cohorts. RESULTS Post-guideline, ECMO utilization decreased (11% vs 38%, p = 0.001) and survival to discharge improved (92% vs 68%, p = 0.001). More post-guideline patients remained on conventional mechanical ventilation without need for escalation to high-frequency ventilation or ECMO, and had higher pressures and PaCO2 with lower FiO2 and PaO2 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Standardized ventilator management optimizing pressures for adequate lung expansion and minimizing oxygen toxicity improves outcomes for infants with CDH. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin C Lichtsinn
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Division of Newborn Medicine, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
| | - Joseph T Church
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Paul K Waltz
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Abeer Azzuqa
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Division of Newborn Medicine, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Jacqueline Graham
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Division of Newborn Medicine, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Jennifer Troutman
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Division of Newborn Medicine, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Runjia Li
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Burhan Mahmood
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Division of Newborn Medicine, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
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4
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Gong S, Ding X, Wang X. Assessment of Pulmonary Circulation of Critically Ill Patients Based on Critical Care Ultrasound. J Clin Med 2024; 13:722. [PMID: 38337417 PMCID: PMC10856787 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary circulation is crucial in the human circulatory system, facilitating the oxygenation of blood as it moves from the right heart to the lungs and then to the left heart. However, during critical illness, pulmonary microcirculation can be vulnerable to both intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary injuries. To assess these potential injuries in critically ill patients, critical point-of-care ultrasound can be used to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lung, pulmonary vein, and left atrium along the direction of blood flow. This assessment is particularly valuable for common ICU diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, pulmonary hypertension, and cardiogenic pulmonary edema. It has significant potential for diagnosing and treating these conditions in critical care medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xin Ding
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China;
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Tran TT, Eltzschig HK, Yuan X. Therapeutic targeting of hypoxia inducible factor in acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Physiol 2023:10.1113/JP284599. [PMID: 38031820 PMCID: PMC11136894 DOI: 10.1113/jp284599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by bilateral chest infiltration and acute hypoxic respiratory failure. ARDS carries significant morbidity and mortality despite advancements in medical management, calling for the development of novel therapeutic targets. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a heterodimeric protein involved in various essential pathways, including metabolic reprogramming, immune modulation, angiogenesis and cell cycle regulation. HIF is routinely degraded in homeostasis conditions via the prolyl hydroxylase domain/von Hippel-Lindau protein pathway. However, HIF is stabilized in ARDS via various mechanisms (oxygen-dependent and independent) as an endogenous protective pathway and plays multifaceted roles in different cell populations. This review focuses on the functional role of HIF and its target genes during ARDS, as well as how HIF has evolved as a therapeutic target in current medical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu T Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Jin A, Li L, Zhao Y, Li M, Zhang S, Chen J, Li Y, Huang L, Ren H, Lu S, Yang X, Sun Q. Modulating the m6A Modified Transcription Factor GATA6 Impacts Epithelial Cytokines in Acute Lung Injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:521-532. [PMID: 37494067 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0243oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The methylation of m6A (N6-position of adenosine) has been found to be associated with inflammatory response. We hypothesize that m6A modification plays a role in the inflammation of airway epithelial cells during lung inflammation. However, the precise changes and functions of m6A modification in airway epithelial cells in acute lung injury (ALI) are not well understood. Here we report that METTL3 (methyltransferase-like 3)-mediated m6A of GATA6 (GATA-binding factor 6) mRNA inhibits ALI and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in airway epithelial cells. The expression of METTL3 and m6A levels decrease in lung tissues of mice with ALI. In cocultures, peripheral blood monocytes secreted TNF-α, which reduces METTL3 and m6A levels in the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. Knockdown of METTL3 promotes IL-6 and TNF-α release in BEAS-2B cells. Conversely, overexpression of METTL3 increases total RNA m6A level and reduces the levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, transforming growth factor-β, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. Increasing METTL3 in mouse lungs prevented LPS-induced ALI and reduced the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, sequencing and functional analysis show that METTL3 catalyzes m6A in the 3' untranslated region of GATA6 read by YTH N6-Methyladenosine RNA Binding Protein 2 and triggers mRNA degradation. GATA6 knockdown rescues TNF-α-induced inflammatory cytokine secretion of epithelial cells, indicating that GATA6 is a main substrate of METTL3 in airway epithelial cells. Overall, this study provides evidence of a novel role for METTL3 in the inflammatory cytokine release of epithelial cells and provides an innovative therapeutic target for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Jin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shemin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; and
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qingzhu Sun
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China
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Kormish J, Ghuman T, Liu RY, Srinathan SK, Tan L, Graham K, Enns S, Buduhan G, Halayko AJ, Pascoe CD, Kidane B. Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Inflammation and Tissue Injury in Patients with Postoperative Respiratory Failure after Lung Resection Surgery: A Nested Case-Control Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10051. [PMID: 37373199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thoracic surgeries involving resection of lung tissue pose a risk of severe postoperative pulmonary complications, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and respiratory failure. Lung resections require one-lung ventilation (OLV) and, thus, are at higher risk of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) attributable to barotrauma and volutrauma in the one ventilated lung, as well as hypoxemia and reperfusion injury on the operated lung. Further, we also aimed to assess the differences in localized and systemic markers of tissue injury/inflammation in those who developed respiratory failure after lung surgery versus matched controls who did not develop respiratory failure. We aimed to assess the different inflammatory/injury marker patterns induced in the operated and ventilated lung and how this compared to the systemic circulating inflammatory/injury marker pattern. A case-control study nested within a prospective cohort study was performed. Patients with postoperative respiratory failure after lung surgery (n = 5) were matched with control patients (n = 6) who did not develop postoperative respiratory failure. Biospecimens (arterial plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage separately from ventilated and operated lungs) were obtained from patients undergoing lung surgery at two timepoints: (1) just prior to initiation of OLV and (2) after lung resection was completed and OLV stopped. Multiplex electrochemiluminescent immunoassays were performed for these biospecimen. We quantified 50 protein biomarkers of inflammation and tissue injury and identified significant differences between those who did and did not develop postoperative respiratory failure. The three biospecimen types also display unique biomarker patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Kormish
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Tejas Ghuman
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Richard Y Liu
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Sadeesh K Srinathan
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Lawrence Tan
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Kristen Graham
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Stephanie Enns
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Gordon Buduhan
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Christopher D Pascoe
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Biniam Kidane
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
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Van Os L, Engelhardt B, Guenat OT. Integration of immune cells in organs-on-chips: a tutorial. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1191104. [PMID: 37324438 PMCID: PMC10267470 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1191104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral and bacterial infections continue to pose significant challenges for numerous individuals globally. To develop novel therapies to combat infections, more insight into the actions of the human innate and adaptive immune system during infection is necessary. Human in vitro models, such as organs-on-chip (OOC) models, have proven to be a valuable addition to the tissue modeling toolbox. The incorporation of an immune component is needed to bring OOC models to the next level and enable them to mimic complex biological responses. The immune system affects many (patho)physiological processes in the human body, such as those taking place during an infection. This tutorial review introduces the reader to the building blocks of an OOC model of acute infection to investigate recruitment of circulating immune cells into the infected tissue. The multi-step extravasation cascade in vivo is described, followed by an in-depth guide on how to model this process on a chip. Next to chip design, creation of a chemotactic gradient and incorporation of endothelial, epithelial, and immune cells, the review focuses on the hydrogel extracellular matrix (ECM) to accurately model the interstitial space through which extravasated immune cells migrate towards the site of infection. Overall, this tutorial review is a practical guide for developing an OOC model of immune cell migration from the blood into the interstitial space during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Van Os
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Olivier T. Guenat
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Wang L, Wang D, Zhang T, Ma Y, Tong X, Fan H. The role of immunometabolism in macrophage polarization and its impact on acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1117548. [PMID: 37020557 PMCID: PMC10067752 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1117548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung macrophages constitute the first line of defense against airborne particles and microbes and are key to maintaining pulmonary immune homeostasis. There is increasing evidence suggesting that macrophages also participate in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), including the modulation of inflammatory responses and the repair of damaged lung tissues. The diversity of their functions may be attributed to their polarized states. Classically activated or inflammatory (M1) macrophages and alternatively activated or anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages are the two main polarized macrophage phenotypes. The precise regulatory mechanism of macrophage polarization is a complex process that is not completely understood. A growing body of literature on immunometabolism has demonstrated the essential role of immunometabolism and its metabolic intermediates in macrophage polarization. In this review, we summarize macrophage polarization phenotypes, the role of immunometabolism, and its metabolic intermediates in macrophage polarization and ALI/ARDS, which may represent a new target and therapeutic direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongguang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianli Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Ma
- Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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10
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Kadam AH, Schnitzer JE. Characterization of acute lung injury in the bleomycin rat model. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15618. [PMID: 36898724 PMCID: PMC10005890 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe and characterize the pathophysiological changes occurring during the early inflammatory phase (first 3 days) in the rat bleomycin model of lung injury preceding the development of fibrosis. Further, we wanted to understand the kinetics and factors contributing to bleomycin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and provide a robust, reliable and reproducible framework of features of ALI readouts to assess effects of therapeutics on bleomycin-induced ALI in rats. We induced ALI in rats with intratracheal (i.t.) installation of bleomycin. The animals were sacrificed on predetermined time points, that is, Day 0, 1, 2, and 3 post the bleomycin challenge. We analyzed bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue to establish and assess relevant experimental features of ALI. We demonstrated that bleomycin induced key features of experimental ALI including a profound increase in neutrophils in BALF (50-60%), pulmonary edema, and lung pathology on Day 3 after challenge. Furthermore, we showed that TGF-β1, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, CINC-1, TIMP-1, and WISP-1 were induced by studying their kinetic profile during the first 3 days after bleomycin injury consistent with their known role ALI. We also confirmed that detectable fibrogenesis occurs at the earliest on Day 3 after injury based on collagen content, along with changes in the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and increased expression of Galectin-3, Vimentin, and Fibronectin in lung homogenate. Our report presents robust features and contributing mediators/factors to the pathology of bleomycin-induced ALI in rats on Day 3. The kinetic data provide insights on the progression of ALI and a detailed understanding of early events before actual fibrosis development. This set of experimental endpoints is very appropriate and invaluable for efficacy testing of potential novel therapeutic treatments (single or combined) in ALI and understanding their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Hari Kadam
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM)La JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jan E. Schnitzer
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM)La JollaCaliforniaUSA
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Wu Z, Chen L, Wang Q, Govindasamy C, Subramaniyan Sivakumar A, Chen X. Betanin Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice via Inhibition of Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
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Chen H, Durinck S, Patel H, Foreman O, Mesh K, Eastham J, Caothien R, Newman RJ, Roose-Girma M, Darmanis S, Warming S, Lattanzi A, Liang Y, Haley B. Population-wide gene disruption in the murine lung epithelium via AAV-mediated delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 components. MOLECULAR THERAPY - METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2022; 27:431-449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Zhuang H, Hudson E, Han S, Arja RD, Hui W, Lu L, Reeves WH. Microvascular lung injury and endoplasmic reticulum stress in systemic lupus erythematosus-associated alveolar hemorrhage and pulmonary vasculitis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L715-L729. [PMID: 36255715 PMCID: PMC9744657 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00051.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human COPA mutations affecting retrograde Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein transport cause diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) and ER stress ("COPA syndrome"). Patients with SLE also can develop DAH. C57BL/6 (B6) mice with pristane-induced lupus develop monocyte-dependent DAH indistinguishable from human DAH, whereas BALB/c mice are resistant. We examined Copa and ER stress in pristane-induced lupus. Copa expression, ER stress, vascular injury, and apoptosis were assessed in mice and COPA was quantified in blood from patients with SLE. Copa mRNA and protein expression were impaired in B6 mice with pristane-induced DAH, but not in pristane-treated BALB/c mice. An ER stress response (increased Hsp5a/BiP, Ddit3/CHOP, Eif2a, and spliced Xbp1) was seen in lungs from pristane-treated B6, but not BALB/c, mice. Resistance of BALB/c mice to DAH was overcome by treating them with low-dose thapsigargin plus pristane. CB6F1 mice did not develop DAH or ER stress, suggesting that susceptibility was recessive. Increased pulmonary expression of von Willebrand factor (Vwf), a marker of endothelial injury, and the chemokine Ccl2 in DAH suggested that pristane promotes lung microvascular injury and monocyte recruitment. Consistent with that possibility, lung endothelial cells and infiltrating bone marrow-derived cells from pristane-treated B6 mice expressed BiP and showed evidence of apoptosis (annexin-V and activated caspase-3 staining). COPA expression also was low in patients with SLE with lung involvement. Pristane-induced DAH may be initiated by endothelial injury, resulting in ER stress, apoptosis of lung endothelial cells, and recruitment of myeloid cells that propagate lung injury. The pathogenesis of DAH in SLE and COPA syndrome may overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Zhuang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Erin Hudson
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Shuhong Han
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rawad Daniel Arja
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Winnie Hui
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Westley H Reeves
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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14
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Kadam AH, Kandasamy K, Buss T, Cederstrom B, Yang C, Narayanapillai S, Rodriguez J, Levin MD, Koziol J, Olenyuk B, Borok Z, Chrastina A, Schnitzer JE. Targeting caveolae to pump bispecific antibody to TGF-β into diseased lungs enables ultra-low dose therapeutic efficacy. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276462. [PMID: 36413536 PMCID: PMC9681080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-sought-after "magic bullet" in systemic therapy remains unrealized for disease targets existing inside most tissues, theoretically because vascular endothelium impedes passive tissue entry and full target engagement. We engineered the first "dual precision" bispecific antibody with one arm pair to precisely bind to lung endothelium and drive active delivery and the other to precisely block TGF-β effector function inside lung tissue. Targeting caveolae for transendothelial pumping proved essential for delivering most of the injected intravenous dose precisely into lungs within one hour and for enhancing therapeutic potency by >1000-fold in a rat pneumonitis model. Ultra-low doses (μg/kg) inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration, edema, lung tissue damage, disease biomarker expression and TGF-β signaling. The prodigious benefit of active vs passive transvascular delivery of a precision therapeutic unveils a new promising drug design, delivery and therapy paradigm ripe for expansion and clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil H. Kadam
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kathirvel Kandasamy
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Tim Buss
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Brittany Cederstrom
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Chun Yang
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sreekanth Narayanapillai
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Juan Rodriguez
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Levin
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jim Koziol
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Bogdan Olenyuk
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Zea Borok
- Department of Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Adrian Chrastina
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jan E. Schnitzer
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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15
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Yin H, Feng Y, Duan Y, Ma S, Guo Z, Wei Y. Hydrogen gas alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury and inflammatory response in mice. J Inflamm (Lond) 2022; 19:16. [PMID: 36253774 PMCID: PMC9575233 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-022-00314-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation and oxidant/antioxidant imbalance are two main pathological features associated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). The following study investigated the protective role of hydrogen (H2), a gaseous molecule without known toxicity, in LPS-induced lung injury in mice and explored its potential molecular mechanisms. Methods Mice were randomly divided into three groups: H2 control group, LPS group, and LPS + H2 group. The mice were euthanized at the indicated time points, and the specimens were collected. The 72 h survival rates, cytokines contents, pathological changes, expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and oxidative stress indicators were analyzed. Moreover, under different culture conditions, RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages were used to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms of H2 in vitro. Cells were divided into the following groups: PBS group, LPS group, and LPS + H2 group. The cell viability, intracellular ROS, cytokines, and expression of TLR4 and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were observed. Results Hydrogen inhalation increased the survival rate to 80%, reduced LPS-induced lung damage, and decreased inflammatory cytokine release in LPS mice. Besides, H2 showed remarked anti-oxidative activity to reduce the MDA and NO contents in the lung. In vitro data further indicated that H2 down-regulates the levels of ROS, NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated macrophages and inhibits the expression of TLR4 and the activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). Conclusion Hydrogen gas alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury and inflammatory response most probably through the TLR4-NF-κB pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12950-022-00314-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Yin
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Research Center for Translational Medicine & Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Yajing Feng
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Center ICU, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Yi Duan
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Research Center for Translational Medicine & Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Shaolin Ma
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Critical Care Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Zhongliang Guo
- grid.452753.20000 0004 1799 2798Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Youzhen Wei
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Research Center for Translational Medicine & Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120 China
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16
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Herminghaus A, Kozlov AV, Szabó A, Hantos Z, Gylstorff S, Kuebart A, Aghapour M, Wissuwa B, Walles T, Walles H, Coldewey SM, Relja B. A Barrier to Defend - Models of Pulmonary Barrier to Study Acute Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:895100. [PMID: 35874776 PMCID: PMC9300899 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.895100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary diseases represent four out of ten most common causes for worldwide mortality. Thus, pulmonary infections with subsequent inflammatory responses represent a major public health concern. The pulmonary barrier is a vulnerable entry site for several stress factors, including pathogens such as viruses, and bacteria, but also environmental factors e.g. toxins, air pollutants, as well as allergens. These pathogens or pathogen-associated molecular pattern and inflammatory agents e.g. damage-associated molecular pattern cause significant disturbances in the pulmonary barrier. The physiological and biological functions, as well as the architecture and homeostatic maintenance of the pulmonary barrier are highly complex. The airway epithelium, denoting the first pulmonary barrier, encompasses cells releasing a plethora of chemokines and cytokines, and is further covered with a mucus layer containing antimicrobial peptides, which are responsible for the pathogen clearance. Submucosal antigen-presenting cells and neutrophilic granulocytes are also involved in the defense mechanisms and counterregulation of pulmonary infections, and thus may directly affect the pulmonary barrier function. The detailed understanding of the pulmonary barrier including its architecture and functions is crucial for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic treatment strategies of pulmonary diseases. Thus, considering multiple side effects and limited efficacy of current therapeutic treatment strategies in patients with inflammatory diseases make experimental in vitro and in vivo models necessary to improving clinical therapy options. This review describes existing models for studyying the pulmonary barrier function under acute inflammatory conditions, which are meant to improve the translational approaches for outcome predictions, patient monitoring, and treatment decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Herminghaus
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrey V. Kozlov
- L Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology in Cooperation with AUVA and Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Human Pathology , IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrea Szabó
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Hantos
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Severin Gylstorff
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Campus STIMULATE, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Kuebart
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Mahyar Aghapour
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bianka Wissuwa
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Septomics Research Centre, Centre for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Thorsten Walles
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Magdeburg University Medicine, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Heike Walles
- Research Campus STIMULATE, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Core Facility Tissue Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sina M. Coldewey
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Septomics Research Centre, Centre for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Campus STIMULATE, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Borna Relja,
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17
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Gong KQ, Mikacenic C, Long ME, Frevert CW, Birkland TP, Charron J, Gharib SA, Manicone AM. MAP2K2 Delays Recovery in Murine Models of Acute Lung Injury and Associates with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Outcome. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 66:555-563. [PMID: 35157553 PMCID: PMC9116357 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0252oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a significant problem in need of new pharmaceutical approaches to improve its resolution. Studies comparing gene expression signatures in rodents and humans with lung injury reveal conserved pathways, including MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/ERK (extracellular signal-related protein kinase) activation. In preclinical acute lung injury (ALI) models, inhibition of MAP2K1 (MAPK kinase 1)/MAP2K2 (MAPK kinase 2) improves measures of ALI. Myeloid cell deletion of MAP2K1 results in sustained MAP2K2 activation and nonresolving ALI, suggesting that MAP2K2 deactivation may be a key driver of ALI resolution. We used human genomic data from the iSPAAR (Identification of SNPs Predisposing to Altered Acute Lung Injury Risk) Consortium to assess genetic variants in MAP2K1 and MAP2K2 for association with mortality from ARDS. To determine the role of MAP2K2 in ALI recovery, we studied mice deficient in Map2k2 (Mek2-/-) and wild-type control mice in ALI models. We identified a MAP2K2 variant that was associated with death in ARDS and MAP2K2 expression. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa ALI, Mek2-/- mice had similar early alveolar neutrophilic recruitment but faster resolution of alveolar neutrophilia and vascular leak. Gene expression analysis revealed a role for MAP2K2 in promoting and sustaining select proinflammatory pathway activation in ALI. Bone marrow chimera studies indicate that leukocyte MAP2K2 is the key regulator of ALI duration. These studies implicate a role for MAP2K2 in ALI duration via transcriptional regulation of inflammatory programming with potential relevance to ARDS. Targeting leukocyte MAP2K2 may be an effective strategy to promote ALI resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Qin Gong
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, and
| | - Carmen Mikacenic
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, and
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Matthew E. Long
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, and
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; and
| | - Charles W. Frevert
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, and
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Jean Charron
- Oncology Division, Quebec University Hospital Center–Laval University Research Center, Laval University Research Center and Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sina A. Gharib
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, and
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18
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Puri G, Naura AS. Implication of mitochondrial ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome axis during two-hit mediated acute lung injury in mice. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:1-16. [PMID: 35129032 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.2023740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) caused by acid aspiration often accompanies bacterial components leading to exaggerated inflammation and can result in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but the underlying mechanisms behind such an exacerbation remain unclear. NLRP3 inflammasome and mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) have been implicated in ALI but its role in injury caused through two hit i.e. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) + Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is not known. Therefore, the present study is designed to elucidate the role of mtROS-NLPR3 inflammasome upon "two-hit" mediated ALI. Our data showed that "two-hit" induced ALI results in aggravated lung inflammation as compared to either of single hit(s) as reflected by a steep increase in inflammatory cells particularly neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Further, enhanced inflammation was associated with increased mtROS as depicted by data on mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of MitoSOX+ neutrophils and macrophages in BALF of two-hit simulated mice. Importantly, ALI results in activation of NLRP3 inflammasome as reflected by active caspase-1 protein expression and IL-1β levels. Interestingly, NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, MCC950 suppressed the lung inflammation remarkably. Further, Mito-tempo, a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant, halted "two-hit" mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β release followed by amelioration of lung inflammation. Suppression in MFI of MitoSOX+ stained neutrophils and macrophages by Mito-tempo was associated with down-regulation of phospho-p65-NF-κB and its dependent genes (IL-1β/TNF-α/IL-6). Overall, our data suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome activation by mtROS plays a critical role in pathogenesis of exaggerated inflammation and therefore targeting mtROS-NLRP3 inflammasome axis may be an attractive option for combating ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Puri
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amarjit S Naura
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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19
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Interferon-γ Preferentially Promotes Necroptosis of Lung Epithelial Cells by Upregulating MLKL. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030563. [PMID: 35159372 PMCID: PMC8833897 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis, a form of programmed lytic cell death, has emerged as a driving factor in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). As ALI is often associated with a cytokine storm, we determined whether pro-inflammatory cytokines modulate the susceptibility of lung cells to necroptosis and which mediators dominate to control necroptosis. In this study, we pretreated/primed mouse primary lung epithelial and endothelial cells with various inflammatory mediators and assessed cell type-dependent responses to different necroptosis inducers and their underlying mechanisms. We found that interferon-γ (IFNγ) as low as 1 ng/mL preferentially promoted necroptosis and accelerated the release of damage-associated molecular patterns from primary alveolar and airway epithelial cells but not lung microvascular endothelial cells. Type-I IFNα was about fifty-fold less effective than IFNγ. Conversely, TNFα or agonists of Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3), TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9 had a minor effect. The enhanced necroptosis in IFNγ-activated lung epithelial cells was dependent on IFNγ signaling and receptor-interacting protein kinase-3. We further showed that necroptosis effector mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) was predominantly induced by IFNγ, contributing to the enhanced necroptosis in lung epithelial cells. Collectively, our findings indicate that IFNγ is a potent enhancer of lung epithelial cell susceptibility to necroptosis.
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20
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Ali M, Zhang X, LaCanna R, Tomar D, Elrod JW, Tian Y. MICU1-dependent mitochondrial calcium uptake regulates lung alveolar type 2 cell plasticity and lung regeneration. JCI Insight 2022; 7:154447. [PMID: 35050901 PMCID: PMC8876408 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells are progenitors for alveolar type 1 (AT1) cells. Although many factors regulate AT2 cell plasticity, the role of mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) uptake in controlling AT2 cells remains unclear. We previously identified that the miR-302 family supports lung epithelial progenitor cell proliferation and less differentiated phenotypes during development. Here, we report that a sustained elevation of miR-302 in adult AT2 cells decreases AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation during the Streptococcus pneumoniae–induced lung injury repair. We identified that miR-302 targets and represses the expression of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake 1 (MICU1), which regulates mCa2+ uptake through the mCa2+ uniporter channel by acting as a gatekeeper at low cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Our results reveal a marked increase in MICU1 protein expression and decreased mCa2+ uptake during AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation in the adult lung. Deletion of Micu1 in AT2 cells reduces AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation during steady-state tissue maintenance and alveolar epithelial regeneration after bacterial pneumonia. These studies indicate that mCa2+ uptake is extensively modulated during AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation and that MICU1-dependent mCa2+ uniporter channel gating is a prominent mechanism modulating AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Ali
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Ryan LaCanna
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - John W Elrod
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
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21
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Ling D, Zhang X, Wu J, Xu Q, He Z, Zhang J. Identification of Immune Infiltration and Effective Immune Biomarkers in Acute Lung Injury by Bioinformatics Analysis. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221124485. [PMID: 36165281 PMCID: PMC9523839 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221124485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious complication in clinical settings. This study aimed to elucidate the immune molecular mechanisms underlying ALI by bioinformatics analysis. Human ALI and six ALI mouse model datasets were collected. Immune cell infiltration between the ALI samples and non-ALI controls was estimated using the ssGSEA algorithm. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis and Wilcoxon test were performed to obtain the significantly different immune cell infiltration types. Immune feature genes were screened by differential analysis and the weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) algorithm. Functional enrichment was then performed and candidate hub biomarkers were identified. Finally, the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to predict their diagnostic performances. Three significantly different immune cell types (B cells, CD4 T cells, and CD8 T cells) were identified between the ALI samples and controls. A total of 13 immune feature genes were obtained by WGCNA and differential analysis and found to be significantly associated with immune functions and lung diseases. Four hub genes, including CD180, CD4, CD74, and MCL1 were identified using cytoHubba and were shown to have good specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of ALI. Correlation analysis suggested that CD4 was positively associated with T cells, whereas MCL1 was negatively correlated with B and T cells. We found that CD180, CD4, CD74, and MCL1 can serve as specific immune biomarkers for ALI. MCL1-B cell, MCL1-T cell, and CD4-T cell axes may be involved in the progression of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Ling
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianyun Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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22
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Environmental Exposures and Lung Aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Improving Respiratory Health. Curr Environ Health Rep 2021; 8:281-293. [PMID: 34735706 PMCID: PMC8567983 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-021-00328-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Inhaled environmental exposures cause over 12 million deaths per year worldwide. Despite localized efforts to reduce environmental exposures, tobacco smoking and air pollution remain the urgent public health challenges that are contributing to the growing prevalence of respiratory diseases. The purpose of this review is to describe the mechanisms through which inhaled environmental exposures accelerate lung aging and cause overt lung disease. RECENT FINDINGS Environmental exposures related to fossil fuel and tobacco combustion and occupational exposures related to silica and coal mining generate oxidative stress and inflammation in the lungs. Sustained oxidative stress causes DNA damage, epigenetic instability, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell cycle arrest in key progenitor cells in the lung. As a result, critical repair mechanisms are impaired, leading to premature destruction of the lung parenchyma. Inhaled environmental exposures accelerate lung aging by injuring the lungs and damaging the cells responsible for wound healing. Interventions that minimize exposure to noxious antigens are critical to improve lung health, and novel research is required to expand our knowledge of therapies that may slow or prevent premature lung aging.
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23
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Cloer C, Roudsari L, Rochelle L, Petrie T, Welch M, Charest J, Tan K, Fugang L, Petersen T, Ilagan R, Hogan S. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles reduce lung inflammation and damage in nonclinical acute lung injury: Implications for COVID-19. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259732. [PMID: 34780505 PMCID: PMC8592477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are bioactive particles that evoke beneficial responses in recipient cells. We identified a role for MSC-EV in immune modulation and cellular salvage in a model of SARS-CoV-2 induced acute lung injury (ALI) using pulmonary epithelial cells and exposure to cytokines or the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD). Whereas RBD or cytokine exposure caused a pro-inflammatory cellular environment and injurious signaling, impairing alveolar-capillary barrier function, and inducing cell death, MSC-EVs reduced inflammation and reestablished target cell health. Importantly, MSC-EV treatment increased active ACE2 surface protein compared to RBD injury, identifying a previously unknown role for MSC-EV treatment in COVID-19 signaling and pathogenesis. The beneficial effect of MSC-EV treatment was confirmed in an LPS-induced rat model of ALI wherein MSC-EVs reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and respiratory dysfunction associated with disease. MSC-EV administration was dose-responsive, demonstrating a large effective dose range for clinical translation. These data provide direct evidence of an MSC-EV-mediated improvement in ALI and contribute new insights into the therapeutic potential of MSC-EVs in COVID-19 or similar pathologies of respiratory distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn Cloer
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, United Therapeutics Corporation, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Laila Roudsari
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, United Therapeutics Corporation, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lauren Rochelle
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, United Therapeutics Corporation, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Timothy Petrie
- Draper, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michaela Welch
- Draper, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph Charest
- Draper, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kelly Tan
- Draper, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Thomas Petersen
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, United Therapeutics Corporation, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Roger Ilagan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, United Therapeutics Corporation, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sarah Hogan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, United Therapeutics Corporation, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Corylin Ameliorates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Suppressing the MAPKs and IL-6/STAT3 Signaling Pathways. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14101046. [PMID: 34681270 PMCID: PMC8537250 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a high mortality disease with acute inflammation. Corylin is a compound isolated from the whole plant of Psoralea corylifolia L. and has been reported to have anti-inflammatory activities. Herein, we investigated the therapeutic potential of corylin on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced ALI, both in vitro and in vivo. The levels of proinflammatory cytokine secretions were analyzed by ELISA; the expressions of inflammation-associated proteins were detected using Western blot; and the number of immune cell infiltrations in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected by multicolor flow cytometry and lung tissues by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, respectively. Experimental results indicated that corylin attenuated LPS-induced IL-6 production in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC3-KT cells). In intratracheal LPS-induced ALI mice, corylin attenuated tissue damage, suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration, and decreased IL-6 and TNF-α secretions in the BALF and serum. Moreover, it further inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including p-JNK, p-ERK, p-p38, and repressed the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in lungs. Collectively, our results are the first to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effects of corylin on LPS-induced ALI and suggest corylin has significant potential as a novel therapeutic agent for ALI.
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Roy D, Ehtesham NZ, Hasnain SE. Is Mycobacterium tuberculosis carcinogenic to humans? FASEB J 2021; 35:e21853. [PMID: 34416038 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001581rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We highlight the ability of the tuberculosis (TB) causing bacterial pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), to induce key characteristics that are associated with established IARC classified Group 1 and Group 2A carcinogenic agents. There is sufficient evidence from epidemiological case-control, cohort and meta-analysis studies of increased lung cancer (LC) risk in pre-existing/active/old TB cases. Similar to carcinogens and other pathogenic infectious agents, exposure to aerosol-containing Mtb sprays in mice produce malignant transformation of cells that result in squamous cell carcinoma. Convincing, mechanistic data show several characteristics shared between TB and LC which include chronic inflammation, genomic instability and replicative immortality, just to name a few cancer hallmarks. These hallmarks of cancer may serve as precursors to malignant transformation. Together, these findings form the basis of our postulate that Mtb is a complete human pulmonary carcinogen. We also discuss how Mtb may act as both an initiating agent and promoter of tumor growth. Forthcoming experimental studies will not only serve as proof-of-concept but will also pivot our understanding of how to manage/treat TB cases as well as offer solutions to clinical conundrums of TB lesions masquerading as tumors. Clinical validation of our concept may also help pave the way for next generation personalized medicine for the management of pulmonary TB/cancer particularly for cases that are not responding well to conventional chemotherapy or TB drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deodutta Roy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nasreen Z Ehtesham
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Seyed Ehtesham Hasnain
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India.,Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IIT-D), New Delhi, India
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Inhibition of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 ameliorates acute lung injury in mice. J Transl Med 2021; 19:340. [PMID: 34372885 PMCID: PMC8351447 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To examine the effects of BI 1029539 (GS-248), a novel selective human microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) inhibitor, in experimental models of acute lung injury (ALI) and sepsis in transgenic mice constitutively expressing the mPGES1 (Ptges) humanized allele. Methods Series 1: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Mice were randomized to receive vehicle, BI 1029539, or celecoxib. Series 2: Cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis. Mice were randomized to receive vehicle or BI 1029539. Results Series 1: BI 1029539 or celecoxib reduced LPS-induced lung injury, with reduction in neutrophil influx, protein content, TNF-ɑ, IL-1β and PGE2 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), myeloperoxidase activity, expression of mPGES-1, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and intracellular adhesion molecule in lung tissue compared with vehicle-treated mice. Notably, prostacyclin (PGI2) BAL concentration was only lowered in celecoxib-treated mice. Series 2: BI 1029539 significantly reduced sepsis-induced BAL inflammatory cell recruitment, lung injury score and lung expression of mPGES-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Treatment with BI 1029539 also significantly prolonged survival of mice with severe sepsis. Anti-inflammatory and anti-migratory effect of BI 1029539 was confirmed in peripheral blood leukocytes from healthy volunteers. Conclusions BI 1029539 ameliorates leukocyte infiltration and lung injury resulting from both endotoxin-induced and sepsis-induced lung injury. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-03016-9.
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Shaukat A, Shaukat I, Rajput SA, Shukat R, Hanif S, Jiang K, Zhang T, Akhtar M, Shaukat I, Ma X, Liu J, Shaukat S, Umar T, Akhtar M, Yang L, Deng G. Ginsenoside Rb1 protects from Staphylococcus aureus-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum-stress and death receptor-mediated pathways. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112353. [PMID: 34034046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is acute uncontrolled inflammation of lung tissue that leads to high fatality both in human and animals. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) could be an opportunistic, versatile bacterial etiology of ALI. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) is extracted from the Panax ginseng, which displays a wide range of biological and pharmacological effects. However, protective effects of Rb1 in S. aureus-induced ALI though endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and death receptor-mediated pathways have not yet been reported. Therefore, present study was planned with the aims to investigate the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties of Rb1 through regulation of ER stress as well as death receptor-mediated pathways in ALI induced by S. aureus in mice. In this study, four groups of healthy Kunming mice (n = 48) were used. The S. aureus (80 µl; 1 ×107 CFU/10 µl) was administered intranasally to establish mice model of ALI. After 24 h of onset of S. aureus-induced ALI, the mice were injected thrice with Rb1 (40 mg/kg) intraperitoneally six hours apart. Histopathology, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Immunohistochemistry and western blotting assay were employed in the current study. Our results suggested that Rb1 administration save lungs from pulmonary injury by reducing wet to dry (W/D) ratio, protein levels, total cells, neutrophilic count, reactive oxygen species (ROS), myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx)1 depletion. Meanwhile, Rb1 therapy ameliorated histopathology alteration of lung tissue and pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. The gene expression of ER stress marker (PERK, AFT-6, IRE1 and CHOP) were upregulated markedly (P < .05) in S. aureus-instilled groups, which was reduced by Rb1 administration that is reveled from the result findings of the RT-qPCR and immunoblot assay. The results of immunohistochemistry for CHOP indicated the increased expression in S. aureus groups which in turn ameliorated by Rb1 treatment. The mRNA expression demonstrated that death receptor-associated genes (FasL, Fas, FADD and caspase-8) showed up-regulation in S. aureus group. The similar findings were observed for the protein expression of caspase-8, FADD and Fas. Rb1 treatment markedly (P < .05) reversed protein and mRNA expression levels of these death receptor-associated genes when compared to the S. aureus group. Taken together, Rb1 attenuated S. aureus-induced oxidative damage via the ER stress-mediated pathway and apoptosis through death receptor-mediated pathway. Conclusively, our findings provide an insight into preventive mechanism of Rb1 in ALI caused by S. aureus and hence proven a scientific baseline for the therapeutic application of Rb1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Shaukat
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Irfan Shaukat
- Faculty of medicine, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Shahid Ali Rajput
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Rizwan Shukat
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition & Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Hanif
- Department of Physics, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Kangfeng Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Akhtar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Imran Shaukat
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shadab Shaukat
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Talha Umar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Masood Akhtar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Liguo Yang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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Han HH, Tian H, Zang Y, Sedgwick AC, Li J, Sessler JL, He XP, James TD. Small-molecule fluorescence-based probes for interrogating major organ diseases. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:9391-9429. [PMID: 34232230 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01183e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemical tools that allow the real-time monitoring of organ function and the visualisation of organ-related processes at the cellular level are of great importance in biological research. The upregulation/downregulation of specific biomarkers is often associated with the development of organ related diseases. Small-molecule fluorescent probes have the potential to create advances in our understanding of these disorders. Viable probes should be endowed with a number of key features that include high biomarker sensitivity, low limit of detection, fast response times and appropriate in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. In this tutorial review, we discuss the development of probes that allow the targeting of organ related processes in vitro and in vivo. We highlight the design strategy that underlies the preparation of various promising probes, their optical response to key biomarkers, and proof-of-concept biological studies. The inherent drawbacks and limitations are discussed as are the current challenges and opportunities in the field. The hope is that this tutorial review will inspire the further development of small-molecule fluorescent probes that could aid the study of pathogenic conditions that contribute to organ-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Hao Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Bihari S, Bersten A, Paul E, McGuinness S, Dixon D, Sinha P, Calfee CS, Nichol A, Hodgson C. Acute respiratory distress syndrome phenotypes with distinct clinical outcomes in PHARLAP trial cohort. CRIT CARE RESUSC 2021; 23:163-170. [PMID: 38045528 PMCID: PMC10692525 DOI: 10.51893/2021.2.oa3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: The Permissive Hypercapnia, Alveolar Recruitment and Low Airway Pressure (PHARLAP) randomised controlled trial compared an open lung ventilation strategy with control ventilation, and found that open lung ventilation did not reduce the number of ventilatorfree days (VFDs) or mortality in patients with moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Parsimonious models can identify distinct phenotypes of ARDS (hypo-inflammatory and hyperinflammatory) which are associated with different outcomes and treatment responses. Objective: To test the hypothesis that a parsimonious model would identify patients with distinctly different clinical outcomes in the PHARLAP study. Design, setting and participants: Blood and lung lavage samples were collected in a subset of PHARLAP patients who were recruited in Australian and New Zealand centres. A previously validated parsimonious model (interleukin-8, soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor-1 and bicarbonate) was used to classify patients with blood samples into hypo-inflammatory and hyperinflammatory groups. Generalised linear modelling was used to examine the interaction between inflammatory phenotype and treatment group (intervention or control). Main outcome measure: The primary outcome was number of VFDs at Day 28. Results: Data for the parsimonious model were available for 56 of 115 patients (49%). Within this subset, 38 patients (68%) and 18 patients (32%) were classified as having hypo-inflammatory and hyperinflammatory phenotypes, respectively. Patients with the hypo- inflammatory phenotype had more VFDs at Day 28 when compared with those with the hyperinflammatory phenotype (median [IQR], 19.5[11-24] versus 8[0-21];P= 0.03). Patients with the hyperinflammatory phenotype had numerically fewer VFDs when managed with an open lung strategy than when managed with control "protective" ventilation (median [IQR], 0 [0-19] versus 16 [8-22]). Conclusion: In the PHARLAP trial, ARDS patients classified as having a hyperinflammatory phenotype, with a parsimonious three-variable model, had fewer VFDs at Day 28 compared with patients classified as having a hypo-inflammatory phenotype. Future clinical studies of ventilatory strategies should consider incorporating distinct ARDS phenotypes into their trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh Bihari
- College of Medicine and Public Health- Flinders University-, Adelaide, - SA-, Australia
- Intensive and Critical Care Unit- Flinders Medical Centre-, Adelaide, - SA-, Australia
| | - Andrew Bersten
- College of Medicine and Public Health- Flinders University-, Adelaide, - SA-, Australia
- Intensive and Critical Care Unit- Flinders Medical Centre-, Adelaide, - SA-, Australia
| | - Eldho Paul
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University-, Melbourne, - VIC-, Australia
| | - Shay McGuinness
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University-, Melbourne, - VIC-, Australia
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit-, Auckland, City Hospital- Auckland- New Zealand
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand-, Wellington- New Zealand
| | - Dani Dixon
- College of Medicine and Public Health- Flinders University-, Adelaide, - SA-, Australia
- Intensive and Critical Care Unit- Flinders Medical Centre-, Adelaide, - SA-, Australia
| | - Pratik Sinha
- Division of Pulmonary- Critical Care- Allergy and Sleep Medicine Department of Medicine- University of California San Francisco-, San Francisco, - Calif-, USA
| | - Carolyn S. Calfee
- Division of Pulmonary- Critical Care- Allergy and Sleep Medicine Department of Medicine- University of California San Francisco-, San Francisco, - Calif-, USA
| | - Alistair Nichol
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University-, Melbourne, - VIC-, Australia
- Intensive Care Unit- The Alfred-, Melbourne, - VIC-, Australia
- University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre- St Vincent's University Hospital-, Dublin- Ireland
| | - Carol Hodgson
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University-, Melbourne, - VIC-, Australia
- Intensive Care Unit- The Alfred-, Melbourne, - VIC-, Australia
- Contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - for the PHARLAP Study Investigators
- College of Medicine and Public Health- Flinders University-, Adelaide, - SA-, Australia
- Intensive and Critical Care Unit- Flinders Medical Centre-, Adelaide, - SA-, Australia
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University-, Melbourne, - VIC-, Australia
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit-, Auckland, City Hospital- Auckland- New Zealand
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand-, Wellington- New Zealand
- Division of Pulmonary- Critical Care- Allergy and Sleep Medicine Department of Medicine- University of California San Francisco-, San Francisco, - Calif-, USA
- Intensive Care Unit- The Alfred-, Melbourne, - VIC-, Australia
- University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre- St Vincent's University Hospital-, Dublin- Ireland
- Contributed equally to the manuscript
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Necrosis Rather Than Apoptosis is the Dominant form of Alveolar Epithelial Cell Death in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Experimental Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Model. Shock 2021; 54:128-139. [PMID: 31365488 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) death, which is classified as apoptosis or necrosis, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In addition to apoptosis, some types of necrosis are known to be molecularly regulated, and both apoptosis and necrosis can be therapeutic targets for diseases. However, the relative contribution of apoptosis and necrosis to AEC death during ARDS has not been elucidated. Here, we evaluated which type of AEC death is dominant and whether regulated necrosis is involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury, an experimental ARDS model. In the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the LPS-induced lung injury mice, both the levels of cytokeratin 18-M65 antigen (a marker of total epithelial cell death) and cytokeratin 18-M30 antigen (an epithelial apoptosis marker) were increased. The M30/M65 ratio, which is an indicator of the proportion of apoptosis to total epithelial cell death, was significantly lower than that in healthy controls. In addition, the number of propidium iodide-positive, membrane-disrupted cells was significantly higher than the number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells in the lung sections of lung injury mice. Activated neutrophils seemed to mediate AEC death. Finally, we demonstrated that necroptosis, a regulated necrosis pathway, is involved in AEC death during LPS-induced lung injury. These results indicate that necrosis including necroptosis, rather than apoptosis, is the dominant type of AEC death in LPS-induced lung injury. Although further studies investigating human ARDS subjects are necessary, targeting necrosis including its regulated forms might represent a more efficient approach to protecting the alveolar epithelial barrier during ARDS.
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Adabala V, Tripathi M, Gupta P, Parameswaran P, Challa R, Kumar A. Effects of intraoperative inverse ratio ventilation on postoperative pulmonary function tests in the patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A prospective single blind study. Indian J Anaesth 2021; 65:S86-S91. [PMID: 34188261 PMCID: PMC8191195 DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_1453_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Induction of general anaesthesia is associated with development of atelectasis in the lungs, which may further lead to postoperative pulmonary complications. Inverse ratio ventilation (IRV) has shown to improve oxygenation and minimise further lung injury in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. We evaluated the safety and effectiveness of IRV on intraoperative respiratory mechanics and postoperative pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Methods: In a prospective, controlled study, 128 consecutive patients with normal preoperative PFTs who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomised into IRV and conventional ventilation groups. Initially, all patients were ventilated with settings of tidal volume 8 mL/kg, respiratory rate 12/min, inspiratory/expiratory ratio (I: E) = 1:2, positive end expiratory pressure = 0. Once the pneumoperitoneum was created, the conventional group patients were continued to be ventilated with same settings. However, in the IRV group, I: E ratio was changed to 2:1. Peak pressure (Ppeak), Plateau pressure (Pplat) and lung compliance were measured. Haemodynamic parameters and arterial blood gas values were also measured. PFTs were repeated in postoperative period. Statistical tool included Chi-square test. Results: There was no significant difference in PFTs in patients who underwent IRV as compared to conventional ventilation [forced vital capacity (FVC) 2.52 ± 0.13 versus 2.63 ± 0.16, P = 0.28]. The Ppeak (cmH2O) and Pplat (cmH2O) were statistically lower in IRV patients [Ppeak 21.4 ± 3.4 versus 22.4 ± 4.2, P = 0.003] [Pplat 18.7 ± 2.4 versus 19.9.4 ± 3.2, P = 0.008]. There was no significant difference in lung compliance and oxygenation intraoperatively. Conclusion: Intraoperative IRV led to reduced airway pressures; however, it did not prevent deterioration of PFTs in postoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Adabala
- Department of Anaesthesia, 6 level, Medical College Building, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mukesh Tripathi
- Department of Anaesthesia, 6 level, Medical College Building, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Department of Anaesthesia, 6 level, Medical College Building, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prabakaran Parameswaran
- Department of Anaesthesia, 6 level, Medical College Building, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Revanth Challa
- Department of Anaesthesia, 6 level, Medical College Building, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ajit Kumar
- Department of Anaesthesia, 6 level, Medical College Building, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Silva de França F, Villas-Boas IM, Cogliati B, Woodruff TM, Reis EDS, Lambris JD, Tambourgi DV. C5a-C5aR1 Axis Activation Drives Envenomation Immunopathology by the Snake Naja annulifera. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652242. [PMID: 33936074 PMCID: PMC8082402 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic complement activation drives a plethora of pathological conditions, but its role in snake envenoming remains obscure. Here, we explored complement's contribution to the physiopathogenesis of Naja annulifera envenomation. We found that N. annulifera venom promoted the generation of C3a, C4a, C5a, and the soluble Terminal Complement Complex (sTCC) mediated by the action of snake venom metalloproteinases. N. annulifera venom also induced the release of lipid mediators and chemokines in a human whole-blood model. This release was complement-mediated, since C3/C3b and C5a Receptor 1 (C5aR1) inhibition mitigated the effects. In an experimental BALB/c mouse model of envenomation, N. annulifera venom promoted lipid mediator and chemokine production, neutrophil influx, and swelling at the injection site in a C5a-C5aR1 axis-dependent manner. N. annulifera venom induced systemic complementopathy and increased interleukin and chemokine production, leukocytosis, and acute lung injury (ALI). Inhibition of C5aR1 with the cyclic peptide antagonist PMX205 rescued mice from these systemic reactions and abrogated ALI development. These data reveal hitherto unrecognized roles for complement in envenomation physiopathogenesis, making complement an interesting therapeutic target in envenomation by N. annulifera and possibly by other snake venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Trent M. Woodruff
- Neuroinflammation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Edimara da Silva Reis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John D. Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Bonam SR, Kotla NG, Bohara RA, Rochev Y, Webster TJ, Bayry J. Potential immuno-nanomedicine strategies to fight COVID-19 like pulmonary infections. NANO TODAY 2021; 36:101051. [PMID: 33519949 PMCID: PMC7834523 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2020.101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a pandemic. At the time of writing this (October 14, 2020), more than 38.4 million people have become affected, and 1.0 million people have died across the world. The death rate is undoubtedly correlated with the cytokine storm and other pathological pulmonary characteristics, as a result of which the lungs cannot provide sufficient oxygen to the body's vital organs. While diversified drugs have been tested as a first line therapy, the complexity of fatal cases has not been reduced so far, and the world is looking for a treatment to combat the virus. However, to date, and despite such promise, we have received very limited information about the potential of nanomedicine to fight against COVID-19 or as an adjunct therapy in the treatment regimen. Over the past two decades, various therapeutic strategies, including direct-acting antiviral drugs, immunomodulators, a few non-specific drugs (simple to complex), have been explored to treat Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), influenza, and sometimes the common flu, thus, correlating and developing specific drugs centric to COVID-19 is possible. This review article focuses on the pulmonary pathology caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other viral pathogens, highlighting possible nanomedicine therapeutic strategies that should be further tested immediately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe-Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Niranjan G Kotla
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Raghvendra A Bohara
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Institution Deemed to be University), Kolhapur (MS), India
| | - Yury Rochev
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe-Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris F-75006, France
- Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kozhippara, Palakkad 678557, India
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are caused by an exaggerated inflammatory response arising from a wide variety of pulmonary and systemic insults. Lung tissue is composed of a variety of cell populations, including parenchymal and immune cells. Emerging evidence has revealed that multiple cell populations in the lung work in concert to regulate lung inflammation in response to both direct and indirect stimulations. To date, the question of how different types of pulmonary cells communicate with each other and subsequently regulate or modulate inflammatory cascades remains to be fully addressed. In this review, we provide an overview of current advancements in understanding the role of cell-cell interaction in the development of ALI and depict molecular mechanisms by which cell-cell interactions regulate lung inflammation, focusing on inter-cellular activities and signaling pathways that point to possible therapeutic opportunities for ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Zhou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Erica K. Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Metz JK, Wiegand B, Schnur S, Knoth K, Schneider-Daum N, Groß H, Croston G, Reinheimer TM, Lehr CM, Hittinger M. Modulating the Barrier Function of Human Alveolar Epithelial (hAELVi) Cell Monolayers as a Model of Inflammation. Altern Lab Anim 2021; 48:252-267. [DOI: 10.1177/0261192920983015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory lung diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains an important problem, particularly in the present time with the Covid-19 pandemic. However, an adequate in vitro test system to monitor the barrier function of the alveolar epithelium during inflammation and for assessing anti-inflammatory drugs is urgently needed. Therefore, we treated human Alveolar Epithelial Lentivirus-immortalised cells (hAELVi cells) with the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α (25 ng/ml) and IFN-γ (30 ng/ml), in the presence or absence of hydrocortisone (HC). While TNF-α and IFN-γ are known to reduce epithelial barrier properties, HC could be expected to protect the barrier function and result in an anti-inflammatory effect. We investigated the impact of anti-inflammatory/inflammatory treatment on transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the apparent permeability coefficient (P app) of the low permeability marker sodium fluorescein (NaFlu). After incubating hAELVi cells for 48 hours with a combination of TNF-α and IFN-γ, there was a significant decrease in TEER and a significant increase in the P app. The presence of HC maintained the TEER values and barrier properties, so that no significant P app change was observed. By using hAELVi cells to study anti-inflammatory drugs in vitro, the need for animal experiments could be reduced and pulmonary drug development accelerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Katharina Metz
- PharmBioTec GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Sabrina Schnur
- PharmBioTec GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Nicole Schneider-Daum
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marius Hittinger
- PharmBioTec GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany
- 3RProducts Marius Hittinger, Blieskastel, Germany
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Watson A, Madsen J, Clark HW. SP-A and SP-D: Dual Functioning Immune Molecules With Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Properties. Front Immunol 2021; 11:622598. [PMID: 33542724 PMCID: PMC7851053 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.622598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) are soluble innate immune molecules which maintain lung homeostasis through their dual roles as anti-infectious and immunomodulatory agents. SP-A and SP-D bind numerous viruses including influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), enhancing their clearance from mucosal points of entry and modulating the inflammatory response. They also have diverse roles in mediating innate and adaptive cell functions and in clearing apoptotic cells, allergens and other noxious particles. Here, we review how the properties of these first line defense molecules modulate inflammatory responses, as well as host-mediated immunopathology in response to viral infections. Since SP-A and SP-D are known to offer protection from viral and other infections, if their levels are decreased in some disease states as they are in severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), this may confer an increased risk of viral infection and exacerbations of disease. Recombinant molecules of SP-A and SP-D could be useful in both blocking respiratory viral infection while also modulating the immune system to prevent excessive inflammatory responses seen in, for example, RSV or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Recombinant SP-A and SP-D could have therapeutic potential in neutralizing both current and future strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus as well as modulating the inflammation-mediated pathology associated with COVID-19. A recombinant fragment of human (rfh)SP-D has recently been shown to neutralize SARS-CoV-2. Further work investigating the potential therapeutic role of SP-A and SP-D in COVID-19 and other infectious and inflammatory diseases is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Watson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Madsen
- Neonatology, EGA Institute for Women’s Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Howard William Clark
- Neonatology, EGA Institute for Women’s Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospital (UCLH), University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
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Wang S, Pan Y, Wang Q, Miao H, Brown AN, Rong L. Modeling the viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Math Biosci 2020; 328:108438. [PMID: 32771304 PMCID: PMC7409942 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2020.108438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading and causing the global coronavirus pandemic. The viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection have not been quantitatively investigated. In this paper, we use mathematical models to study the pathogenic features of SARS-CoV-2 infection by examining the interaction between the virus, cells and immune responses. Models are fit to the data of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients and non-human primates. Data fitting and numerical simulation show that viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection have a few distinct stages. In the initial stage, viral load increases rapidly and reaches the peak, followed by a plateau phase possibly generated by lymphocytes as a secondary target of infection. In the last stage, viral load declines due to the emergence of adaptive immune responses. When the initiation of seroconversion is late or slow, the model predicts viral rebound and prolonged viral persistence, consistent with the observation in non-human primates. Using the model we also evaluate the effect of several potential therapeutic interventions for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Model simulation shows that anti-inflammatory treatments or antiviral drugs combined with interferon are effective in reducing the duration of the viral plateau phase and diminishing the time to recovery. These results provide insights for understanding the infection dynamics and might help develop treatment strategies against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunpeng Wang
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10012, United States of America
| | - Yang Pan
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Quanyi Wang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Miao
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Ashley N Brown
- Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, United States of America
| | - Libin Rong
- Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America.
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Jiang ZF, Zhang L, Shen J. MicroRNA: Potential biomarker and target of therapy in acute lung injury. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:1429-1442. [PMID: 32495695 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120926254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs stretching over 18-22 nucleotides and considered to be modifiers of many respiratory diseases. They are highly evolutionary conserved and have been implicated in several biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, among others. Acute lung injury (ALI) is a fatal disease commonly caused by direct or indirect injury factors and has a high mortality rate in intensive care unit. Changes in expression of several types of miRNAs have been reported in patients with ALI. Some miRNAs suppress cellular injury and accelerate the recovery of ALI by targeting specific molecules and decreasing excessive immune response. For this reason, miRNAs are proposed as potential biomarkers for ALI and as therapeutic targets for this disease. This review summarizes current evidence supporting the role of miRNAs in ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-F Jiang
- Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Medical Center of Chemical Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - L Zhang
- Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Medical Center of Chemical Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - J Shen
- Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Medical Center of Chemical Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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39
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Guo J, Li D, Tao H, Li G, Liu R, Dou Y, Jin T, Li L, Huang J, Hu H, Zhang J. Cyclodextrin-Derived Intrinsically Bioactive Nanoparticles for Treatment of Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1904607. [PMID: 31583783 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a common cause of many acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. A major limitation of existing anti-inflammatory therapeutics is that they cannot simultaneously regulate pro-inflammatory cytokine production, oxidative stress, and recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages. To overcome this limitation, nanoparticles (NPs) with multiple pharmacological activities are synthesized, using a chemically modified cyclic oligosaccharide. The manufacture of this type of bioactive, saccharide material-based NPs (defined as LCD NP) is straightforward, cost-effective, and scalable. Functionally, LCD NP effectively inhibits inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and cell migration for both neutrophils and macrophages, two major players of inflammation. Therapeutically, LCD NP shows desirable efficacies for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases in mouse models of peritonitis, acute lung injury, and atherosclerosis. Mechanistically, the therapeutic benefits of LCD NP are achieved by inhibiting neutrophil-mediated inflammatory macrophage recruitment and by preventing subsequent pro-inflammatory events. In addition, LCD NP shows good safety profile in a mouse model. Thus, LCD NP can serve as an effective anti-inflammatory nanotherapy for the treatment of inflammatory diseases mainly associated with neutrophil and macrophage infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Renfeng Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yin Dou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Taotao Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Houyuan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
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Lear TB, McKelvey AC, Evankovich JW, Rajbhandari S, Coon TA, Dunn SR, Londino JD, McVerry BJ, Zhang Y, Valenzi E, Burton CL, Gordon R, Gingras S, Lockwood KC, Jurczak MJ, Lafyatis R, Shlomchik MJ, Liu Y, Chen BB. KIAA0317 regulates pulmonary inflammation through SOCS2 degradation. JCI Insight 2019; 4:129110. [PMID: 31578312 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated proinflammatory cytokine release has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several life-threatening acute lung illnesses such as pneumonia, sepsis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Suppressors of cytokine signaling proteins, particularly SOCS2, have recently been described as antiinflammatory mediators. However, the regulation of SOCS2 protein has not been described. Here we describe a mechanism of SOCS2 regulation by the action of the ubiquitin E3 ligase KIAA0317. KIAA0317-mediated degradation of SOCS2 exacerbated inflammation in vitro, and depletion of KIAA0317 in vivo ameliorated pulmonary inflammation. KIAA0317-knockout mice exhibited resistance to LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation, while KIAA03017 reexpression mitigated this effect. We uncovered a small molecule inhibitor of KIAA0317 protein (BC-1365) that prevented SOCS2 degradation and attenuated LPS- and P. aeruginosa-induced lung inflammation in vivo. These studies show KIAA0317 to be a critical mediator of pulmonary inflammation through its degradation of SOCS2 and a potential candidate target for therapeutic inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis B Lear
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health
| | - Alison C McKelvey
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - John W Evankovich
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Shristi Rajbhandari
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Tiffany A Coon
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Sarah R Dunn
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - James D Londino
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Bryan J McVerry
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Eleanor Valenzi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Christine L Burton
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Michael J Jurczak
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Robert Lafyatis
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | | | - Yuan Liu
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine.,Aging Institute and.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine
| | - Bill B Chen
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine.,Aging Institute and.,Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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41
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Zhang H, Sha J, Feng X, Hu X, Chen Y, Li B, Fan H. Dexmedetomidine ameliorates LPS induced acute lung injury via GSK-3β/STAT3-NF-κB signaling pathway in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105717. [PMID: 31254953 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious complication of sepsis and an important cause of death in intensive care. Studies have shown that DEX can inhibit inflammation. However, the anti-inflammatory effect and protective mechanism of DEX in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced ALI are still unclear. ALI model was established by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats. Firstly, at 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h after LPS treatment, lung injury including pathologic histology, lung edema, and inflammation were detected. The optimal time point for lung injury was determined to be 12 h, at which time DEX was added to further test. Furthermore, STAT3 inhibitor (NSC74859) and GSK-3β inhibitor (SB216763) were added to verify the role of STAT3, GSK-3β and NF-κB in ameliorated ALI. Our results show that DEX pretreatment significantly decreased lung Wet-to-Dry weight (W/D) ratio and MPO activity and ameliorated LPS induced lung histopathological alterations. In addition, we confirmed that DEX can increased the phosphorylation of STAT3 and GSK-3β, and inhibit the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 in the inflammatory response induced by LPS. What's more, NSC74859 inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 and reversed the protect effect of DEX on LPS. SB216763 inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB and reversed the damage effect of LPS and plays the same anti-inflammatory effect as DEX. In summary, our data demonstrated that DEX can ameliorate ALI induced by LPS through GSK-3β/STAT3-NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayun Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jichen Sha
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiujing Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xueyuan Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Honggang Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin 150030, China.
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42
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Suzuki K, Okada H, Takemura G, Takada C, Kuroda A, Yano H, Zaikokuji R, Morishita K, Tomita H, Oda K, Matsuo S, Uchida A, Fukuta T, Sampei S, Miyazaki N, Kawaguchi T, Watanabe T, Yoshida T, Ushikoshi H, Yoshida S, Maekawa Y, Ogura S. Neutrophil Elastase Damages the Pulmonary Endothelial Glycocalyx in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Experimental Endotoxemia. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1526-1535. [PMID: 31108101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil elastase (NE) is necessary for effective sterilization of phagocytosed bacterial and fungal pathogens; however, NE increases alveolocapillary permeability and induces proinflammatory cytokine production in sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Under septic conditions, the pulmonary endothelial glycocalyx covering on the healthy endothelium surface is injured, but the contribution of NE to this injury remains unknown. Our aim was to examine whether NE-induced pulmonary endothelial injury is associated with endotoxemia. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 20 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into 9- to 12-week-old granulocyte colony-stimulating factor knockout (G-CSFKO) mice, which harbor few neutrophils, and littermate control mice; in a second assay, mice were injected with the NE-inhibitor sivelestat (0.2 mg/kg) at 3, 6, 9, and 12 hours after LPS administration. Subsequently, vascular endothelial injury was evaluated through ultrastructural analysis. At 48 hours after LPS injection, survival rate was more than threefold higher among G-CSFKO than control mice, and degradation of both thrombomodulin and syndecan-1 was markedly attenuated in G-CSFKO compared with control mice. Ultrastructural analysis revealed attenuated vascular endothelial injury and clear preservation of the endothelial glycocalyx in G-CSFKO mice. Moreover, after LPS exposure, survival rate was approximately ninefold higher among sivelestat-injected mice than control mice, and sivelestat treatment potently preserved vascular endothelial structures and the endothelial glycocalyx. In conclusion, NE is associated with pulmonary endothelial injury under LPS-induced endotoxemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Suzuki
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideshi Okada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Genzou Takemura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu, Japan
| | - Chihiro Takada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kuroda
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Yano
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryogen Zaikokuji
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biofunctional Analysis, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kentaro Morishita
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Oda
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Saori Matsuo
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akihiro Uchida
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Fukuta
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - So Sampei
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Nagisa Miyazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kawaguchi
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takatomo Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yoshida
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ushikoshi
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shozo Yoshida
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoichi Maekawa
- Department of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Domain of Integrated Life Systems, Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinji Ogura
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Ginsenoside Rb1 ameliorates Staphylococcus aureus-induced Acute Lung Injury through attenuating NF-κB and MAPK activation. Microb Pathog 2019; 132:302-312. [PMID: 31059756 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is clinically characterized by excessive inflammation leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), having high morbidity and mortality both in human and animals. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) is a major primary bioactive component extracted by Panax ginseng, which has numerous pharmacological functions such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of Rb1 in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-induced ALI in mice have not been investigated. The aim of the current study was to determine the anti-inflammatory influence of Rb1 on S. aureus-induced ALI in mice, and to explore its possible underlying principle mechanisms in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The results of physical morphology, histopathological variation and wet-to-dry weight ratio of lungs revealed that Rb1 significantly attenuated S. aureus-induced lung injury. Furthermore, qPCR results displayed that Rb1 inhibited IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α production both in vivo and in vitro. The activation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) by S. aureus was inhibited by application of Rb1 as confirmed by results of immunofluorescence assay. The expression of NF-kB and MAPK signaling proteins revealed that Rb1 significantly attenuated the phosphorylation of p65, ERK, as well as JNK. Altogether, the results of this experiment presented that Rb1 has ability to protect S. aureus-induced ALI in mice by attenuating TLR-2-mediated NF-kB and MAPK signaling pathways. Consequently, Rb-1 might be a potential medicine in the treatment of S. aureus-induced lung inflammation.
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LaCanna R, Liccardo D, Zhang P, Tragesser L, Wang Y, Cao T, Chapman HA, Morrisey EE, Shen H, Koch WJ, Kosmider B, Wolfson MR, Tian Y. Yap/Taz regulate alveolar regeneration and resolution of lung inflammation. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2107-2122. [PMID: 30985294 DOI: 10.1172/jci125014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar epithelium plays a pivotal role in protecting the lungs from inhaled infectious agents. Therefore, the regenerative capacity of the alveolar epithelium is critical for recovery from these insults in order to rebuild the epithelial barrier and restore pulmonary functions. Here, we show that sublethal infection of mice with Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most common pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia, led to exclusive damage in lung alveoli, followed by alveolar epithelial regeneration and resolution of lung inflammation. We show that surfactant protein C-expressing (SPC-expressing) alveolar epithelial type II cells (AECIIs) underwent proliferation and differentiation after infection, which contributed to the newly formed alveolar epithelium. This increase in AECII activities was correlated with increased nuclear expression of Yap and Taz, the mediators of the Hippo pathway. Mice that lacked Yap/Taz in AECIIs exhibited prolonged inflammatory responses in the lung and were delayed in alveolar epithelial regeneration during bacterial pneumonia. This impaired alveolar epithelial regeneration was paralleled by a failure to upregulate IκBa, the molecule that terminates NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses. These results demonstrate that signals governing resolution of lung inflammation were altered in Yap/Taz mutant mice, which prevented the development of a proper regenerative niche, delaying repair and regeneration of alveolar epithelium during bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan LaCanna
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peggy Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren Tragesser
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tongtong Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Harold A Chapman
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Beata Kosmider
- Department of Physiology, Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marla R Wolfson
- Department of Physiology, Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Umezawa K, Nagano T, Kobayashi K, Dokuni R, Katsurada M, Yamamoto M, Yoshikawa Y, Kataoka T, Nishimura Y. Phospholipase Cε plays a crucial role in neutrophilic inflammation accompanying acute lung injury through augmentation of CXC chemokine production from alveolar epithelial cells. Respir Res 2019; 20:9. [PMID: 30634975 PMCID: PMC6330467 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-0975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have shown that phospholipase Cε (PLCε), an effector of Ras and Rap1 small GTPases, plays pivotal roles in inflammation and inflammation-associated carcinogenesis by augmenting proinflammatory cytokine production from epithelial cells of various organs. The purpose of this study is to analyze its role in neutrophilic alveolar inflammation accompanying acute lung injury (ALI), focusing on that in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), which are known to make a major contribution to the pathogenesis of ALI. METHODS We examine the effect of the PLCε genotypes on the development of ALI induced by intratracheal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to PLCε wild-type (PLCε+/+) and knockout (PLCεΔX/ΔX) mice. Pathogenesis of ALI is analyzed by histological examination of lung inflammation and measurements of the levels of various cytokines, in particular neutrophil-attracting chemokines such as Cxcl5, by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining. Primary cultures of AECs, established from PLCε+/+ and PLCεΔX/ΔX mice, are used to analyze the roles of PLCε, protein kinase D (PKD) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in augmentation of LPS-induced Cxcl5 expression. RESULTS Compared to PLCε+/+ mice, PLCεΔX/ΔX mice exhibit marked alleviation of lung inflammation as shown by great reduction in lung wet/dry weight ratios, accumulation of inflammatory cells in the alveolar space and thickening of alveolar walls as well as the number of neutrophils and the protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Also, LPS-induced expression of the CXC family of chemokines, in particular Cxcl5, is substantially diminished in the total lung and AECs of PLCεΔX/ΔX mice. Moreover, LPS-induced Cxcl5 expression in primary cultured AECs is markedly suppressed on the PLCεΔX/ΔX background (p < 0.05 versus PLCε+/+ AECs), which is accompanied by the reduction in phosphorylation of inhibitor κB (IκB), PKD and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Also, it is suppressed by the treatment with inhibitors of PKD and IκB kinase, suggesting the involvement of the PLCε-PKD-IκB-NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSIONS PLCε-mediated augmentation of the production of the CXC family of chemokines, in particular Cxcl5, in AECs plays a crucial role in neutrophilic alveolar inflammation accompanying ALI, suggesting that PLCε may be a potential molecular target for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanoko Umezawa
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nagano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Kobayashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryota Dokuni
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masahiro Katsurada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Yamamoto
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoko Yoshikawa
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tohru Kataoka
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.,Kobe University Incubation Center, 1-5-6 Miyakojima Minami-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishimura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
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Nagre N, Cong X, Ji HL, Schreiber JM, Fu H, Pepper I, Warren S, Sill JM, Hubmayr RD, Zhao X. Inhaled TRIM72 Protein Protects Ventilation Injury to the Lung through Injury-guided Cell Repair. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 59:635-647. [PMID: 29958015 PMCID: PMC6236686 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0364oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies showed that TRIM72 is essential for repair of alveolar cell membrane disruptions, and exogenous recombinant human TRIM72 protein (rhT72) demonstrated tissue-mending properties in animal models of tissue injury. Here we examine the mechanisms of rhT72-mediated lung cell protection in vitro and test the efficacy of inhaled rhT72 in reducing tissue pathology in a mouse model of ventilator-induced lung injury. In vitro lung cell injury was induced by glass beads and stretching. Ventilator-induced lung injury was modeled by injurious ventilation at 30 ml/kg tidal volume. Affinity-purified rhT72 or control proteins were added into culture medium or applied through nebulization. Cellular uptake and in vivo distribution of rhT72 were detected by imaging and immunostaining. Exogenous rhT72 maintains membrane integrity of alveolar epithelial cells subjected to glass bead injury in a dose-dependent manner. Inhaled rhT72 decreases the number of fatally injured alveolar cells, and ameliorates tissue-damaging indicators and cell injury markers after injurious ventilation. Using in vitro stretching assays, we reveal that rhT72 improves both cellular resilience to membrane wounding and membrane repair after injury. Image analysis detected rhT72 uptake by rat alveolar epithelial cells, which can be inhibited by a cholesterol-disrupting agent. In addition, inhaled rhT72 distributes to the distal lungs, where it colocalizes with phosphatidylserine detection on nonpermeabilized lung slices to label wounded cells. In conclusion, our study showed that inhaled rhT72 accumulates in injured lungs and protects lung tissue from ventilator injury, the mechanisms of which include improving cell resilience to membrane wounding, localizing to injured membrane, and augmenting membrane repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraja Nagre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Xiaofei Cong
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Hong-Long Ji
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - John M. Schreiber
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Hongyun Fu
- Division of Community Health and Research, Pediatrics Department and
| | - Ian Pepper
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Seth Warren
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Joshua M. Sill
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia; and
| | - Rolf D. Hubmayr
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
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Zhang X, Wang T, Yuan ZC, Dai LQ, Zeng N, Wang H, Liu L, Wen FQ. Mitochondrial peptides cause proinflammatory responses in the alveolar epithelium via FPR-1, MAPKs, and AKT: a potential mechanism involved in acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L775-L786. [PMID: 30188748 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00466.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by alveolar epithelial damage and uncontrolled pulmonary inflammation. Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), including mitochondrial peptides [ N-formyl peptides (NFPs)], are released during cell injury and death and induce inflammation by unclear mechanisms. In this study, we have investigated the role of mitochondrial DAMPs (MTDs), especially NFPs, in alveolar epithelial injury and lung inflammation. In murine models of ALI, high levels of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were associated with lung injury scores and increased formyl peptide receptor (FPR)-1 expression in the alveolar epithelium. Cyclosporin H (CsH), a specific inhibitor of FPR1, inhibited lung inflammation in the ALI models. Both MTDs and NFPs upon intratracheal challenge caused accumulation of neutrophils into the alveolar space with elevated BALF levels of mouse chemokine KC, interleukin-1β, and nitric oxide and increased pulmonary FPR-1 levels. CsH significantly attenuated MTDs or NFP-induced inflammatory lung injury and activation of MAPK and AKT pathways. FPR1 expression was present in rat primary alveolar epithelial type II cells (AECIIs) and was increased by MTDs. CsH inhibited MTDs or NFP-induced CINC-1/IL-8 release and phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and AKT in rat AECII and human cell line A549. Inhibitors of MAPKs and AKT also suppressed MTD-induced IL-8 release and NF-κB activation. Collectively, our data indicate an important role of the alveolar epithelium in initiating immune responses to MTDs released during ALI. The potential mechanism may involve increase of IL-8 production in MTD-activated AECII through FPR-1 and its downstream MAPKs, AKT, and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China.,Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province , Luoyang , China
| | - Tao Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Yuan
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Lu-Qi Dai
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Ni Zeng
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Hao Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Lian Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Fu-Qiang Wen
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
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Sim TY, Harith HH, Tham CL, Md Hashim NF, Shaari K, Sulaiman MR, Israf DA. The Protective Effects of a Synthetic Geranyl Acetophenone in a Cellular Model of TNF-α-Induced Pulmonary Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061355. [PMID: 29874809 PMCID: PMC6100020 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial barrier dysfunction contributes to lung edema and can lead to acute lung injury (ALI). The features include increased epithelial permeability, upregulation of inflammatory mediators and downregulation of junctional complex molecules; these changes are often induced by inflammation. tHGA is an acetophenone analogue with therapeutic potential in asthma. Its therapeutic potential in ALI is presently unknown. Herein, the effects of tHGA on epithelial barrier dysfunction were determined in TNF-α-induced human alveolar epithelial cells. The anti-inflammatory properties of tHGA were assessed by monocyte adhesion assay and analysis of MCP-1 and ICAM-1 expression. The epithelial barrier function was assessed by paracellular permeability and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) assays, and analysis of junctional complex molecules expression. To elucidate the mechanism of action, the effects of tHGA on the NF-κB and MAPK pathways were determined. Gene and protein expression were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blotting or ELISA, respectively. tHGA suppressed leukocyte adhesion to TNF-α-induced epithelium and reduced MCP-1 and ICAM-1 gene expression and secretion. tHGA also increased TEER readings, reduced epithelial permeability and enhanced expression of junctional complex molecules (zona occludens-1, occludin and E-cadherin) in TNF-α-induced cells. Correspondingly, the NF-κB, ERK and p38 MAPK pathways were also inhibited by tHGA. These findings suggest that tHGA is able to preserve alveolar epithelial barrier function in response to acute inflammation, via its anti-inflammatory activity and stabilization of epithelial barrier integrity, mediated by NF-κB, ERK and p38 MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tee Yee Sim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hanis Hazeera Harith
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Fariesha Md Hashim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Roslan Sulaiman
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Daud Ahmad Israf
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Abstract
The goal of the present study was to investigate the role of M1 macrophages in acute lung injury (ALI). To address this, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated wild-type and CD11b-DTR mice, and examined their M1 macrophage levels, and the extent of their inflammation and pulmonary injuries. In addition, we evaluated pulmonary function by measuring the expressions of SP-A and SP-B in infiltrated M1 macrophages. Finally, we co-cultured the mouse type II-like alveolar epithelial cells (AT-II) and mouse pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMECs) with M1 macrophages in the presence of TNF-α or H2O2 and assessed them for viability and apoptosis. After LPS treatment, we observed that the number of pulmonary M1/M2 macrophages and the serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly increased. Furthermore, the increase in cytokines was accompanied with the initiation of lung injury indicated by the decreased levels of SP-A and SP-B. In macrophage-depleted CD11b-DTR mice, ALI was attenuated, serum levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and ROS were reduced, and lung levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) were decreased. After administering TNF-α and H2O2, the proapoptotic effect of M1 macrophages on AT-II or PMECs significantly increased, the cell viabilities significantly decreased, and apoptosis significantly increased. Our results suggest that M1 macrophages are recruited to the lungs where they significantly contribute to an increase in TNF-α and ROS production, thus initiating ALI.
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Wang X, Yan J, Xu X, Duan C, Xie Z, Su Z, Ma H, Ma H, Wei X, Du X. Puerarin prevents LPS-induced acute lung injury via inhibiting inflammatory response. Microb Pathog 2018; 118:170-176. [PMID: 29571724 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a critical illness syndrome with high morbidity and mortality in patients. Inflammation has been known to be involved in the development of ALI. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of puerarin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice. The pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were determined by ELISA. Western blot analysis was used for detecting the expression of NF-κB, IκBα, and LXRα. And myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio, and histopathological examination were also detected in lung tissues. The results showed that puerarin significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated MPO activity in lung tissues. Meanwhile, puerarin attenuated lung histopathological changes and lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio. We also found that the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were inhibited by puerarin. Puerarin also inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells and IL-8 in A549 cells. From the results of western blotting, puerarin significantly suppressed LPS-stimulated NF-κB activation. And the expression of LXRα was dose-dependently increased by treatment of puerarin. The inhibition of puerarin on TNF-α production in RAW264.7 cells and IL-8 production in A549 cells were blocked by LXRα inhibitor geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). These results suggested that puerarin attenuated ALI by activating LXRα, which subsequently inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Management, Jilin, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Jinjun Yan
- The General Hospital of FAW, Department of Anesthesiology, Jilin, Changchun, 130011, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Graduate School, Jilin, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Chunyan Duan
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Management, Jilin, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Zheng Xie
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Management, Jilin, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Zheqian Su
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Management, Jilin, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Management, Jilin, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Management, Jilin, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Management, Jilin, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xiaochun Du
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Management, Jilin, Changchun, 130117, China.
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