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Joksic I, Toljic M, Milacic I, Stankovic A, Karadzov Orlic N, Mikovic Z. Small supernumerary marker chromosomes in prenatal diagnosis-molecular characterization and clinical outcomes. Front Genet 2024; 14:1326985. [PMID: 38259626 PMCID: PMC10800731 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1326985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) are infrequent findings in prenatal diagnostics, however they pose a great challenge for prenatal genetic counseling. Methods: We report prenatal 12 sSMC cases detected in a single center during 10 years period, their molecular characterization by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or chromosomal microarray (CMA). Those cases were found among 9620 prenatal diagnostic analyzes by GTG-banding technique. In selected cases, additional UPD testing was also done. Results: Incidence of sSMCs in our study was 0.12%. sSMC characterization was done by FISH in 9 cases, in the remainder of three CMA was employed. The most common sSMC shape was centric minute, followed by inverted duplication and one case with ring conformation. sSMCs originating from acrocentric chromosomes (chromosomes 14, 21 and 22), sex chromosomes (X, Y) and non-acrocentric autosomal chromosomes (chromosome 4 and 18) were confirmed in 3 cases each; no result could be obtained in 3 further cases. Discussion: No anomalies were detected by prenatal ultrasound in any of the cases. In 58% of the cases, outcome was reported as normal at birth, while anomalies at birth were described in one case. Only two patients opted for pregnancy termination. Preterm labor occurred in case of twin pregnancy resulting in stillbirth and early neonatal death of twins. Overall, our study highlights the importance of a sSMC characterization by molecular cytogenomic methods in order to make appropriate genotype-phenotype correlations and ensure adequate genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Joksic
- Laboratory for Medical Genetics, Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic “Narodni Front”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mina Toljic
- Laboratory for Medical Genetics, Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic “Narodni Front”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Iva Milacic
- Laboratory for Medical Genetics, Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic “Narodni Front”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andjela Stankovic
- Laboratory for Medical Genetics, Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic “Narodni Front”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Karadzov Orlic
- High-Risk Pregnancy Department, Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic “Narodni Front”, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zeljko Mikovic
- High-Risk Pregnancy Department, Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic “Narodni Front”, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Molecular delineation of de novo small supernumerary marker chromosomes in prenatal diagnosis, a retrospective study. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 62:94-100. [PMID: 36720559 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2022.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To define the genotype-phenotype correlation of small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) and conduct precise genetic counseling, we retrospectively searched and reviewed de novo sSMCs cases detected during prenatal diagnosis at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chromosome karyotypes of 20,314 cases of amniotic fluid from pregnant women were performed. For 16 samples with de novo sSMCs, 10 were subjected to single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array or low-coverage massively parallel copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) analysis. RESULTS Among the 10 sSMCs cases, two sSMCs derived from chromosome 9, and three sSMCs derived from chromosomes 12, 18 and 22. The remaining 5 cases were not identified by SNP array or CNV-seq because they lacked euchromatin or had a low proportion of mosaicism. Four of them with a karyotype of 47,XN,+mar presented normal molecular cytogenetic results (seq[hg19] 46,XN), and the remaining patient with a karyotype of 46,XN,+mar presented with Turner syndrome (seq[hg19] 45,X). Five sSMCs samples were mosaics of all 16 cases. CONCLUSION Considering the variable origins of sSMCs, further genetic testing of sSMCs should be performed by SNP array or CNV-seq. Detailed molecular characterization would allow precise genetic counseling for prenatal diagnosis.
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Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of a familial small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from the acrocentric chromosome 14/22. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 61:364-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2022.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lebedev IN, Karamysheva TV, Elisaphenko EA, Makunin AI, Zhigalina DI, Lopatkina ME, Drozdov GV, Cheremnykh AD, Torkhova NB, Seitova GN, Vasilyev SA, Kashevarova AA, Nazarenko LP, Rubtsov NB. Prenatal Diagnosis of Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome 10 by Array-Based Comparative Genomic Hybridization and Microdissected Chromosome Sequencing. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081030. [PMID: 34440234 PMCID: PMC8391546 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpreting the clinical significance of small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) in prenatal diagnosis is still an urgent problem in genetic counselling regarding the fate of a pregnancy. We present a case of prenatal diagnosis of mosaic sSMC(10) in a foetus with a normal phenotype. Comprehensive cytogenomic analyses by array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), sSMC microdissection with next-generation sequencing (NGS) of microdissected library, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with locus-specific and telomere-specific DNA probes and quantitative real-time PCR revealed that sSMC(10) had a ring structure and was derived from the pericentromeric region of chromosome 10 with involvement of the 10p11.21-p11.1 and 10q11.21-q11.23 at 1.243 Mb and 7.173 Mb in size, respectively. We observed a difference in the length of sSMC(10) between NGS data of the DNA library derived from a single copy of sSMC(10), and aCGH results that may indicate instability and structural mosaicism for ring chromosomes in foetal cells. The presence of a 9 Mb euchromatin region in the analysed sSMC(10) did not lead to clinical manifestations, and a healthy girl was born at term. We suggest that the ring structure of sSMCs could influence sSMC manifestations and should be taken into account in genetic counselling during prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor N. Lebedev
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (D.I.Z.); (M.E.L.); (G.V.D.); (A.D.C.); (N.B.T.); (G.N.S.); (S.A.V.); (A.A.K.); (L.P.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-38-2251-1109
| | - Tatyana V. Karamysheva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.V.K.); (E.A.E.); (N.B.R.)
| | - Eugeny A. Elisaphenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.V.K.); (E.A.E.); (N.B.R.)
| | | | - Daria I. Zhigalina
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (D.I.Z.); (M.E.L.); (G.V.D.); (A.D.C.); (N.B.T.); (G.N.S.); (S.A.V.); (A.A.K.); (L.P.N.)
| | - Maria E. Lopatkina
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (D.I.Z.); (M.E.L.); (G.V.D.); (A.D.C.); (N.B.T.); (G.N.S.); (S.A.V.); (A.A.K.); (L.P.N.)
| | - Gleb V. Drozdov
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (D.I.Z.); (M.E.L.); (G.V.D.); (A.D.C.); (N.B.T.); (G.N.S.); (S.A.V.); (A.A.K.); (L.P.N.)
| | - Aleksander D. Cheremnykh
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (D.I.Z.); (M.E.L.); (G.V.D.); (A.D.C.); (N.B.T.); (G.N.S.); (S.A.V.); (A.A.K.); (L.P.N.)
| | - Natalia B. Torkhova
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (D.I.Z.); (M.E.L.); (G.V.D.); (A.D.C.); (N.B.T.); (G.N.S.); (S.A.V.); (A.A.K.); (L.P.N.)
| | - Gulnara N. Seitova
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (D.I.Z.); (M.E.L.); (G.V.D.); (A.D.C.); (N.B.T.); (G.N.S.); (S.A.V.); (A.A.K.); (L.P.N.)
| | - Stanislav A. Vasilyev
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (D.I.Z.); (M.E.L.); (G.V.D.); (A.D.C.); (N.B.T.); (G.N.S.); (S.A.V.); (A.A.K.); (L.P.N.)
| | - Anna A. Kashevarova
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (D.I.Z.); (M.E.L.); (G.V.D.); (A.D.C.); (N.B.T.); (G.N.S.); (S.A.V.); (A.A.K.); (L.P.N.)
| | - Ludmila P. Nazarenko
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (D.I.Z.); (M.E.L.); (G.V.D.); (A.D.C.); (N.B.T.); (G.N.S.); (S.A.V.); (A.A.K.); (L.P.N.)
| | - Nikolay B. Rubtsov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.V.K.); (E.A.E.); (N.B.R.)
- Department of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Whole Exome Sequencing Facilitated the Identification of a Mosaic Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome (sSMC). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6258527. [PMID: 34307659 PMCID: PMC8272673 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6258527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) are a group of rare chromosomal anomalies, which pose challenges in the clinical practice of prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling. This study enrolled an extended family with an underage male patient displaying infantile seizures, intellectual disability, and retarded speech and psychomotor function. A series of multiplatform genetic detections was conducted to explore the diagnostic variation. Whole exome sequencing (WES) and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) indicated a mosaic sSMC derived from the pericentromeric region of chromosome 8 in the patient, which was confirmed using cytogenetic methods. The proband and his mother, who carried this mosaic variant, exhibited strong phenotypic variability. We also ruled out the pathogenicity of a KDM5C variant by extended validation. Our results emphasized the capacity of WES to detect mosaic SMCs and the importance of mosaic ratios in the appearance and severity of symptomatic phenotypes.
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Karamysheva TV, Gayner TA, Muzyka VV, Orishchenko KE, Rubtsov NB. Two Separate Cases: Complex Chromosomal Abnormality Involving Three Chromosomes and Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome in Patients with Impaired Reproductive Function. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121511. [PMID: 33348590 PMCID: PMC7766715 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For medical genetic counseling, estimating the chance of a child being born with chromosome abnormality is crucially important. Cytogenetic diagnostics of parents with a balanced karyotype are a special case. Such chromosome rearrangements cannot be detected with comprehensive chromosome screening. In the current paper, we consider chromosome diagnostics in two cases of chromosome rearrangement in patients with balanced karyotype and provide the results of a detailed analysis of complex chromosomal rearrangement (CCR) involving three chromosomes and a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) in a patient with impaired reproductive function. The application of fluorescent in situ hybridization, microdissection, and multicolor banding allows for describing analyzed karyotypes in detail. In the case of a CCR, such as the one described here, the probability of gamete formation with a karyotype, showing a balance of chromosome regions, is extremely low. Recommendation for the family in genetic counseling should take into account the obtained result. In the case of an sSMC, it is critically important to identify the original chromosome from which the sSMC has been derived, even if the euchromatin material is absent. Finally, we present our view on the optimal strategy of identifying and describing sSMCs, namely the production of a microdissectional DNA probe from the sSMC combined with a consequent reverse painting.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormal Karyotype
- Abortion, Habitual/genetics
- Adult
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosome Painting
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/ultrastructure
- DNA Probes
- Female
- Gene Duplication
- Genetic Counseling
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Infertility, Female/genetics
- Infertility, Male/genetics
- Male
- Metaphase
- Mutagenesis, Insertional
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana V. Karamysheva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.V.M.); (K.E.O.); (N.B.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(383)-363-49-63 (ext. 1332)
| | - Tatyana A. Gayner
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Center of New Medical Technologies, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Muzyka
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.V.M.); (K.E.O.); (N.B.R.)
- Department of Genetic Technologies, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin E. Orishchenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.V.M.); (K.E.O.); (N.B.R.)
- Department of Genetic Technologies, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay B. Rubtsov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.V.M.); (K.E.O.); (N.B.R.)
- Department of Genetic Technologies, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Karamysheva TV, Gayner TA, Zakirova EG, Rubtsov NB. New Sight on Assessment of Clinical Value of Human Supernumerary Marker Chromosomes. RUSS J GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795420040031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Chen CP, Ko TM, Chen CY, Chern SR, Wu PS, Chen SW, Wu FT, Pan CW, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of mosaicism for a small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from chromosome 3. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 58:864-868. [PMID: 31759544 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2019.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) derived from chromosome 3. CASE REPORT A 36-year-old woman underwent amniocentesis at 19 weeks of gestation because of advanced maternal age. Amniocentesis revealed a karyotype of 47,XX,+mar[6]/46,XX[18]. The mother's karyotype was 47,XX,+mar[4]/46,XX[46]. The father's karyotype was 46.XY. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis of uncultured amniocytes revealed a result of arr 3q11.1q12.1 (93,575,285-98,956,687) × 2-3 [GRCh37 (hg19)]. Prenatal ultrasound findings were unremarkable. The parents elected to continue the pregnancy, and a 2470-g female baby was delivered at 37 weeks of gestation without phenotypic abnormalities. The cord blood had a karyotype of 47,XX,+mar[8]/46,XX[32]. aCGH analysis of cord blood revealed a result of arr 3q11.1q11.2 (93,649,973-97,137,764) × 2.4 [GRCh37 (hg19)] with a log2 ratio of 0.25 and a 30-40% mosaicism for 3.488-Mb dosage increase in 3q11.1-q11.2 encompassing four [Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM)] genes of PROS1, ARL13B, NSUN3 and EPHA6. Metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis confirmed 30% (6/20 cells) mosaicism for the sSMC(3) in the blood lymphocytes. CONCLUSION aCGH and FISH analyses are useful for perinatal investigation of a prenatally detected sSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tsang-Ming Ko
- Genephile Bioscience Laboratory, Ko's Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Schu-Rern Chern
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Shin-Wen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Tzu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wen Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wayseen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Bioengineering, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ramos S, Rodríguez R, Castro O, Grether P, Molina B, Frias S. Presence of 15p Marker D15Z1 on the Short Arm of Acrocentric Chromosomes is Associated with Aneuploid Offspring in Mexican Couples. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5251. [PMID: 31652755 PMCID: PMC6862356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Variation in the location of the 15p region D15Z1 is recognized as a polymorphism in several human populations. We used high-stringency Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) to detect D15Z1 in a Mexican cohort. Here, we report the presence of extra D15Z1 sequences on the p-arm of acrocentric chromosomes other than 15 in two groups of Mexican couples, one with healthy offspring (n = 75) and the other with aneuploid offspring (n = 87), mainly trisomy 21. The additional D15Z1 polymorphism was significantly increased in individuals with aneuploid offspring (26.4%), in comparison to individuals with healthy offspring (14%). The most frequent acceptor chromosome of D15Z1 was chromosome 13p, followed by 14p, and finally, 21p. Our results show an overall frequency of 21.6% of this polymorphism in the Mexican population and suggest that its presence might be associated with the mis-segregation of other acrocentric chromosomes and aneuploid offspring. The high frequency of the polymorphism of the D15Z1 sequence on acrocentric chromosomes other than 15 suggests a sequence homogenization of the acrocentric p arms, related to the important function of the centromere and the nucleolar organization region, which flank satellite III DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ramos
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Rebeca Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Oscar Castro
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | - Bertha Molina
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Sara Frias
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530 Mexico City, Mexico.
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
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Stembalska A, Gil J, Laczmanska I, Sasiadek M. Clinical Observation of a Child with Prenatally Diagnosed De Novo Partial Trisomy of Chromosome 20. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2019; 38:245-256. [PMID: 30893560 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2019.1576818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) represent a group of structural chromosome rearrangements that cannot be characterized by conventional cytogenetic analysis, but can be identified by microarray studies. sSMCs are observed in approximately 0.075% of prenatal cytogenetic tests with clinical pathology in no more than 30% of sSMCS carriers. CASE We present a boy who was diagnosed prenatally with a partial trisomy of chromosome 20. An increased nuchal translucency NT >99%tile, fetal neck cysts and abnormalities of the lumbosacral spine were observed in prenatal screening. After birth, facial dysmorphism, small male genitalia and defects of the vertebrae were observed. In the fourth year of life, dysmorphic features, brachydactyly, small male genitalia, short stature, psychomotor delay, hyperactivity as well as conductive hearing loss became apparent. CONCLUSION Partial trisomy of chromosome 20, covering the region 20q21→20q23, results in serious clinical complications, including dysmorphic features and delay in psychomotor development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justyna Gil
- a Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland
| | | | - Maria Sasiadek
- a Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland
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Sato T, Samura O, Matsuoka T, Yoshida M, Aoki H, Migita O, Okamoto A, Hata K. Molecular genetic analysis reveals atypical confined placental mosaicism with a small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from chromosome 18: A clinical report of discordant results from three prenatal tests. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 62:103533. [PMID: 30171908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a case with discordant results in three prenatal screening methods, with additional genetic analyses. Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) was performed on a 41-year-old Japanese woman at 10 weeks of gestation, and the result was positive for trisomy 18 with high accuracy. Amniocentesis was performed at 16 weeks of gestation. However, the result showed 47,XX,+mar[16]/47,XX,+18[2]. Fetal examination by ultrasound revealed no malformations. After termination of the pregnancy, we performed additional genetic analyses, and confirmed the presence of confined placental mosaicism (CPM). Furthermore, a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) was detected in fetal cells, which was derived de novo from the centromere of chromosome 18. Single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis revealed that fetal chromosome 18 was inherited with maternal uniparental disomy, with a relatively large copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity, including its centromere. Our genetic analyses strongly indicated the cause of result discrepancy in prenatal testing as incomplete trisomy 18 rescue leading to atypical CPM with a sSMC. These findings also offer insight into the mechanisms by which chromosomal aberrations form during human oogenesis and embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan; Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Osamu Samura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Tomona Matsuoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Masaki Yoshida
- GeneTech Inc., Sumitomo-Shiba Daimon Building 11th Floor, 2-5-5, Shibadaimon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Aoki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Ohsuke Migita
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Aikou Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
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Freitas M, Pinto J, Ramalho C, Dória S. Prenatal diagnosis: the clinical usefulness of array comparative genomic hybridization. Porto Biomed J 2018; 3:e13. [PMID: 31595243 PMCID: PMC6726309 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbj.0000000000000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) has been replacing karyotype in neurodevelopment diseases or intellectual disability cases. Regarding prenatal diagnosis (PND) karyotyping is still the criterion standard technique; nevertheless, the application of aCGH in this field has been increasing dramatically and some groups recommended it as the first-tier prenatal genetic test in cases of fetal ultrasound abnormalities. Despite aCGH greater resolution, the detection of variants of unknown significance (VOUS) is not desirable, so it's need some reflexion before generalized application on PND. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and type of copy number variants (CNVs) detected in the 55 PND samples collected from pregnancies with indication to perform aCGH. Methods aCGH was performed using Agilent 4 × 180K microarrays and results were analyzed using CytoGenomics software. Results and conclusion Eight (14.5%) cases had pathogenic or likely pathogenic CNVs. VOUS were found in 21.8% of the cases, but this frequency could be minimized if only large CNVs above 1 million base pairs that are outside the clinically curated targeted regions were considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Freitas
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal.,Genetics Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Joel Pinto
- Genetics Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine.,I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto
| | - Carla Ramalho
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Centro Hospitalar de São João, EPE.,Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Dória
- Genetics Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine.,I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto
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Tesner P, Vlckova M, Drabova J, Vseticka J, Klimova A, Lastuvkova J, Zidovska J, Kremlikova Pourova R, Hancarova M, Sedlacek Z, Kocarek E. Molecular Cytogenetic Diagnostics of Marker Chromosomes: Analysis in Four Prenatal Cases and Long-Term Clinical Evaluation of Carriers. Cytogenet Genome Res 2018; 154:187-195. [DOI: 10.1159/000488790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The prenatal finding of a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) is a challenge for genetic counseling. Our analytic algorithm is based on sSMC frequencies and multicolor FISH to accelerate the procedure. The chromosomal origin, size, and degree of mosaicism of the sSMC then determine the prognosis. We illustrate the effectiveness on 4 prenatally identified de novo mosaic sSMCs derived from chromosomes 13/21, X, 3, and 17. Three sSMC carriers had a good prognosis and apparently healthy children were born, showing no abnormality till the last examination at the age of 4 years. One case had a poor prognosis, and the parents decided to terminate the pregnancy. Our work contributes to the laboratory and clinical management of prenatally detected sSMCs. FISH is a reliable method for fast sSMC evaluation and prognosis assessment; it prevents unnecessary delays and uncertainty, allows informed decision making, and reduces unnecessary pregnancy terminations.
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Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of mosaicism for a small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from chromosome 11. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 56:394-397. [PMID: 28600058 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) derived from chromosome 11. CASE REPORT A 37-year-old, gravida 3, para 2, woman underwent amniocentesis at 17 weeks of gestation because of advanced maternal age. Amniocentesis revealed a karyotype of 47,XX,+mar[18]/46,XX[4]. The parental karyotypes were normal. Level II ultrasound findings were unremarkable. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) on the DNA extracted from cultured amniocytes revealed no genomic imbalance. The sSMC was characterized by spectral karyotyping (SKY) using 24-color SKY probes and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a whole chromosome paint (wcp) probe and a CEP11 (D11Z1) probe. The result was 47,XX,+mar.ish(11)(SKY+, wcp11+, D11Z1+)[16]/46,XX[4], indicating that the sSMC was derived from chromosome 11. A healthy female baby was delivered at 37 weeks of gestation with no phenotypic abnormalities. The cord blood had a karyotype of 47,XX,+mar[32]/46,XX[8]. Polymorphic DNA marker analysis of the blood excluded uniparental disomy 11. The female infant was normal in growth and psychomotor development during follow-ups at two months of age. CONCLUSION aCGH, SKY and FISH are useful in prenatal diagnosis of an sSMC derived from the centromeric region of a non-acrocentric chromosome.
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Chen CP, Chen M, Chern SR, Chang SP, Chen SW, Lai ST, Chen WL, Lee MS, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of mosaicism for a small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from chromosome 21. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 56:566-568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Chen CP, Lin SP, Chern SR, Wu PS, Chen YN, Chen SW, Yang CW, Lee MS, Wang W. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of mosaicism for a small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from chromosome 8 or r(8)(::p11.22→q11.21::) in an 18-year-old female with short stature, obesity, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and intellectual disability. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 55:856-860. [PMID: 28040133 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present molecular cytogenetic characterization of mosaicism for a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) derived from chromosome 8. MATERIALS AND METHODS An 18-year-old female presented with short stature, obesity, developmental delay, speech delay, dyslexia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and intellectual disability. Cytogenetic analysis of the peripheral blood revealed a karyotype of 47,XX,+mar[22]/46,XX[18]. Array comparative genomic hybridization and metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses were performed on the peripheral blood to determine the origin and mosaicism of the sSMC, and quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction was used to exclude uniparental disomy. RESULTS Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis of the blood revealed a result of arr 8p11.22q11.21 (39,136,065-49,725,726)×2.80 (Log2 ratio=0.49), consistent with 70-80% mosaicism, encompassing 33 OMIM genes including GOLGA7, AGPAT6, NKX6-3, KAT6A, and FNTA. The sSMC(8) was r(8)(::p11.22→q11.21::). Metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis using the probes of RP11-754D24 (8p11.21) and RP11-769N21 (8q11.21) showed the sSMC(8) in 12/27 of cultured lymphocytes. Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction analysis excluded uniparental disomy 8. CONCLUSION Mosaic sSMC(8) derived from r(8)(::p11.22→q11.21::) can be associated with obesity, intellectual disability, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shuan-Pei Lin
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Early Childhood Care, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Schu-Rern Chern
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yen-Ni Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Wen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wen Yang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shan Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wayseen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Bioengineering, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chen CP, Chiang S, Wang KL, Cho FN, Chen M, Chern SR, Wu PS, Chen YN, Chen SW, Chang SP, Chen WL, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis of mosaic small supernumerary marker chromosome 17 associated with ventricular septal defect, developmental delay, and speech delay. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 55:419-22. [PMID: 27343327 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present molecular cytogenetic characterization of mosaic small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) derived from chromosome 17. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 43-year-old woman underwent amniocentesis at 17 weeks of gestation because of advanced maternal age. Amniocentesis revealed a karyotype of 47,XY,+mar[12]/46,XY[15]. Parental karyotypes were normal. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were applied on cultured amniocytes. Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) was applied on the DNAs extracted from cultured amniocytes and parental bloods. The parents elected to continue the pregnancy. Conventional cytogenetic analysis on peripheral blood of the neonate was performed at age 2 months and 11 months. aCGH was performed on the peripheral blood at age 11 months. RESULTS aCGH on cultured amniocytes revealed a result of arr 17q11.1q11.2 (25,372,965-27,725,134)×3.2 (Log2 ratio = 0.73) compassing NOS2, POLDIP2, NEK8, and TRAF4. Metaphase FISH analysis revealed a result of +mar .ish der(17)(D17Z1+, wcp17+)[4/5]. QF-PCR assays excluded uniparental disomy 17. The marker chromosome was the sSMC(17) of der(17)(:p11.1→q11.2:). A 3004 g male baby was delivered at 38 weeks of gestation. Ventricular septal defect, neonatal developmental delay and speech delay with language problems were noted at neonatal follow-ups. The peripheral blood at age 2 months had a karyotype of 47,XY,+mar[11]/46,XY[29]. The peripheral blood analysis at age 11 months revealed a karyotype of 47,XY,+mar[27]/46,XY[13] and the aCGH result of arr 17q11.1q11.2 (25,616,440-27,822,571)×2.5 (Log2 ratio = 0.34). CONCLUSION aCGH is useful in the precise measurement of the involved size of the euchromatic material and the associated genes in prenatally detected sSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng Chiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taitung Branch, Taitung, Taiwan; MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Liahng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taitung Branch, Taitung, Taiwan; MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Nan Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Center for Medical Genetics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Genomic Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Schu-Rern Chern
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yen-Ni Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Wen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Ping Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Center for Medical Genetics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Genomic Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Weu-Lin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wayseen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Bioengineering, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Molecular cytogenetic characterization of mosaicism for a small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from chromosome 8 or r(8)(::p12→q13.1::) associated with phenotypic abnormalities. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 55:852-855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Jang W, Chae H, Kim J, Son JO, Kim SC, Koo BK, Kim M, Kim Y, Park IY, Sung IK. Identification of small marker chromosomes using microarray comparative genomic hybridization and multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization. Mol Cytogenet 2016; 9:61. [PMID: 27508004 PMCID: PMC4977864 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-016-0273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Marker chromosomes are small supernumerary chromosomes that cannot be unambiguously identified by chromosome banding techniques alone. However, the precise characterization of marker chromosomes is important for prenatal diagnosis and proper genetic counseling. In this study, we evaluated the chromosomal origin of marker chromosomes using a combination of banding cytogenetics and molecular cytogenetic techniques including diverse fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays and array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH). Results In a series of 2871 patients for whom cytogenetic analysis was requested, 14 cases with small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) were identified. Nine sSMCs were mosaic, and five nonmosaic. Of the nine cases with known parental origins, four were identified as de novo, and four and one were maternally and paternally inherited, respectively. Six sSMCs were identified by FISH using centromeric probes; three sSMCs were derived from chromosome 15, including two heterochromatic sSMC(15)s and a large sSMC(15) spanning 15q11.1q13.1, and three sSMCs originated from chromosome 14 or 22. Array CGH revealed two cases with derivatives of chromosome 2 and whole chromosome painting multicolor-FISH (M-FISH) identified three cases with derivatives of chromosome 6, 16, and 19, respectively. One maker chromosome in Turner syndrome was characterized as sSMC(X) by preferential application of a centromeric probe for X-chromosome. In addition, one sSMC composed of genomic materials from chromosomes 12 and 18 was identified in parallel with parental karyotype analysis that revealed the reciprocal balanced translocation. Conclusions This report is the largest study on sSMCs in Korea and expands the spectrum of sSMCs that are molecularly characterized. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13039-016-0273-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woori Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea ; Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyojin Chae
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea ; Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701 Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Ok Son
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Chan Kim
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Koo
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myungshin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea ; Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yonggoo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea ; Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Yang Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Kyung Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Hu YA, Cui Y, Fan X, Wu Q, Li W, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling in a fetus associated with risk of Angelman syndrome with a small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from chromosome 22. Mol Cytogenet 2016; 9:37. [PMID: 27148405 PMCID: PMC4855799 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-016-0248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. AS patients concomitant with sSMC are rather rare events. It will provide more useful and proper information for genetic counseling to identify the sSMC origin. CASE PRESENTATION A 27-year-old woman was referred for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis at 26 weeks of gestation due to her elder daughter, diagnosed as Angelman syndrome (AS) with an interstitial deletion in one of the chromosomes 15, carrying a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC). The G-banding results of the woman and her current fetus both were 47,XX,+mar. In this paper, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results showed that there was no deletion of chromosome 15 in the woman and fetus. We demonstrated that the proband's sSMC was maternally inherited and was an inv dup(22)(q11.1) , and that the deletion in 15q11.2-q13.1 was de novo. CONCLUSIONS Taking into account above results and normal phenotypes of the proband's mother, in this case we suggest that the sSMC don't increase the recurrence risk of AS. After prenatal diagnosis, the woman chose to continue the pregnancy, and finally gave birth to a normal female infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-An Hu
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002 China
| | - Yingxia Cui
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002 China
| | - Xiaobo Fan
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002 China
| | - Qiuyue Wu
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002 China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002 China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002 China
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Held KR, Zahn S. Pränataler Array. MED GENET-BERLIN 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11825-014-0020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Wegen des Fehlens stringenter Indikationskriterien hat sich die Microarray-CGH in der Pränataldiagnostik nur schwer etablieren können. Auf der Basis der Ergebnisse von 4626 pränatalen Chromosomenanalysen wurden Kriterien für die Indikationsstellung zur Durchführung der Microarray-CGH in der Pränataldiagnostik festgelegt und 6 Indikationsstellungen definiert. Nach den festgelegten Indikationsstellungen wurden von insgesamt 14.766 pränatal durchgeführten zytogenetischen Untersuchungen 337 (2,3 %) mittels Microarray-CGH untersucht. Bei 279 Feten mit strukturellen Auffälligkeiten im Ultraschall betrug der Anteil gesichert pathogener CNV 7,9 % und bei 58 Feten mit auffälligen, nach konventioneller Diagnostik/FISH nicht eindeutigen zytogenetischen Befunden 56,9 %. Der mithilfe der Microarray-CGH gefundene Anteil von 16,3 % mit klinisch relevanten Imbalancen, welche mittels konventioneller Zytogenetik nicht oder nicht hinreichend diagnostiziert werden konnte, spricht für die Wirksamkeit der festgelegten Indikationsstellungen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten R. Held
- Aff1 grid.490302.c MVZ genteQ GmbH, Labor für Humangenetik Falkenried 88 20251 Hamburg Deutschland
| | - Susanne Zahn
- Aff1 grid.490302.c MVZ genteQ GmbH, Labor für Humangenetik Falkenried 88 20251 Hamburg Deutschland
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Chen CP, Chen M, Su YN, Chern SR, Wu PS, Chang SP, Kuo YL, Chen WL, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of mosaicism for a small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from chromosome 15. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 53:129-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Malvestiti F, De Toffol S, Grimi B, Chinetti S, Marcato L, Agrati C, Di Meco AM, Frascoli G, Trotta A, Malvestiti B, Ruggeri A, Dulcetti F, Maggi F, Simoni G, Grati FR. De novo
small supernumerary marker chromosomes detected on 143 000 consecutive prenatal diagnoses: chromosomal distribution, frequencies, and characterization combining molecular cytogenetics approaches. Prenat Diagn 2014; 34:460-8. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.4330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Malvestiti
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Simona De Toffol
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Beatrice Grimi
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Sara Chinetti
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Livia Marcato
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Cristina Agrati
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Anna Maria Di Meco
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Giuditta Frascoli
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Anna Trotta
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Barbara Malvestiti
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Anna Ruggeri
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Francesca Dulcetti
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Federico Maggi
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Giuseppe Simoni
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Grati
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
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Chen CP, Chen M, Su YN, Huang JP, Chern SR, Wu PS, Su JW, Chang SP, Chen YT, Lee CC, Chen LF, Pan CW, Wang W. Mosaic small supernumerary marker chromosome 1 at amniocentesis: prenatal diagnosis, molecular genetic analysis and literature review. Gene 2013; 529:169-75. [PMID: 23933412 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic analysis of mosaic small supernumerary marker chromosome 1 [sSMC(1)]. We review the literature of sSMC(1) at amniocentesis and chromosome 1p21.1-p12 duplication syndrome. We discuss the genotype-phenotype correlation of the involved genes of ALX3, RBM15, NTNG1, SLC25A24, GPSM2, TBX15 and NOTCH2 in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Liehr T, Weise A, Hamid AB, Fan X, Klein E, Aust N, Othman MA, Mrasek K, Kosyakova N. Multicolor FISH methods in current clinical diagnostics. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2013; 13:251-5. [PMID: 23570403 DOI: 10.1586/erm.12.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Multicolor FISH (mFISH) assays are currently indispensable for a precise description of derivative chromosomes. Routine application of such techniques on human chromosomes started in 1996 with the simultaneous use of all 24 human whole-chromosome painting probes in multiplex-FISH and spectral karyotyping. Since then, multiple approaches for chromosomal differentiation based on multicolor-FISH (MFISH) assays have been developed. Predominantly, they are applied to characterize marker or derivative chromosomes identified in conventional banding analysis. Since the introduction of array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), mFISH is also applied to verify and further delineate aCGH-detected aberrations. For the latter, it is important to consider the fact that aCGH cannot detect or characterize balanced rearrangements, which are important to be resolved in detail in infertility diagnostics. In addition, mFISH is necessary to distinguish different imbalanced situations detectable in aCGH; small supernumerary marker chromosomes have to be differentiated from insertions or unbalanced translocations. This review presents an overview on the available mFISH methods and their applications in pre- and post-natal clinical genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Kollegiengasse 10, Jena D-07743, Germany.
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Chen CP, Ko TM, Chen YY, Su JW, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of mosaicism for a small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from chromosome 22 associated with cat eye syndrome. Gene 2013; 527:384-8. [PMID: 23747353 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We present prenatal diagnosis of mosaicism for a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) derived from chromosome 22 associated with cat eye syndrome (CES) using cultured amniocytes in a pregnancy with fetal microcephaly, intrauterine growth restriction, left renal hypoplasia, total anomalous pulmonary venous return with dominant right heart and right ear deformity. The sSMC was bisatellited and dicentric, and was characterized by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). The SALSA MLPA P250-B1 DiGeorge Probemix showed duplication of gene dosage in the CES region. aCGH showed a 1.26-Mb duplication at 22q11.1-q11.21 encompassing CECR1-CECR7. The sSMC was likely inv dup(22) (q11.21). Prenatal diagnosis of an sSMC(22) at amniocentesis should alert CES. MLPA, aCGH and fetal ultrasound are useful for rapid diagnosis of CES in case of prenatally detected sSMC(22).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Marle N, Martinet D, Aboura A, Joly-Helas G, Andrieux J, Flori E, Puechberty J, Vialard F, Sanlaville D, Fert Ferrer S, Bourrouillou G, Tabet AC, Quilichini B, Simon-Bouy B, Bazin A, Becker M, Stora H, Amblard S, Doco-Fenzy M, Molina Gomes D, Girard-Lemaire F, Cordier MP, Satre V, Schneider A, Lemeur N, Chambon P, Jacquemont S, Fellmann F, Vigouroux-Castera A, Molignier R, Delaye A, Pipiras E, Liquier A, Rousseau T, Mosca AL, Kremer V, Payet M, Rangon C, Mugneret F, Aho S, Faivre L, Callier P. Molecular characterization of 39 de novo sSMC: contribution to prognosis and genetic counselling, a prospective study. Clin Genet 2013; 85:233-44. [PMID: 23489061 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) are structurally abnormal chromosomes that cannot be characterized by karyotype. In many prenatal cases of de novo sSMC, the outcome of pregnancy is difficult to predict because the euchromatin content is unclear. This study aimed to determine the presence or absence of euchromatin material of 39 de novo prenatally ascertained sSMC by array-comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) or single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Cases were prospectively ascertained from the study of 65,000 prenatal samples [0.060%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.042-0.082]. Array-CGH showed that 22 markers were derived from non-acrocentric markers (56.4%) and 7 from acrocentic markers (18%). The 10 additional cases remained unidentified (25.6%), but 7 of 10 could be further identified using fluorescence in situ hybridization; 69% of de novo sSMC contained euchromatin material, 95.4% of which for non-acrocentric markers. Some sSMC containing euchromatin had a normal phenotype (31% for non-acrocentric and 75% for acrocentric markers). Statistical differences between normal and abnormal phenotypes were shown for the size of the euchromatin material (more or less than 1 Mb, p = 0.0006) and number of genes (more or less than 10, p = 0.0009). This study is the largest to date and shows the utility of array-CGH or SNP array in the detection and characterization of de novo sSMC in a prenatal context.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Marle
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Le Bocage, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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Rao KP, Belogolovkin V. Marker chromosomes. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2013; 32:97-112. [PMID: 22587446 DOI: 10.3109/15513815.2012.681425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Marker chromosomes are a morphologically heterogeneous group of structurally abnormal chromosomes that pose a significant challenge in prenatal diagnosis. Phenotypes associated with marker chromosomes are highly variable and range from normal to severely abnormal. Clinical outcomes are very difficult to predict when marker chromosomes are detected prenatally. In this review, we outline the classification, etiology, cytogenetic characterization, and clinical consequences of marker chromosomes, as well as practical approaches to prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Prabhaker Rao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
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Multi-Color Spectral Transcript Analysis (SPECTRA) for Phenotypic Characterization of Tumor Cells. Biomolecules 2013; 3:180-97. [PMID: 24970164 PMCID: PMC4030878 DOI: 10.3390/biom3010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many human tumors show significant changes in their signal transduction pathways and, thus, the way the cells interact with their environment. Often caused by chromosomal rearrangements, including gene amplifications, translocations or deletions, the altered levels of gene expression may provide a tumor-specific signature that can be exploited for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. We investigated the utility of multiplexed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using non-isotopically labeled cDNA probes detected by Spectral Imaging as a sensitive and rapid procedure to measure tumor-specific gene expression signatures. We used a commercially available system to acquire and analyze multicolor FISH images. Initial investigations used panels of fluorescent calibration standards to evaluate the system. These experiments were followed by hybridization of five-to-six differently labeled cDNA probes, which target the transcripts of tyrosine kinase genes known to be differently expressed in normal cells and tumors of the breast or thyroid gland. The relatively simple, yet efficient, molecular cytogenetic method presented here may find many applications in characterization of solid tumors or disseminated tumor cells. Addressing tumor heterogeneity by means of multi-parameter single cell analyses is expected to enable a wide range of investigations in the areas of tumor stem cells, tumor clonality and disease progression.
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Chen CP, Chen M, Chern SR, Wu PS, Chang SP, Lee DJ, Chen YT, Chen LF, Su JW, Hwa-Ruey Hsieh A, Hwa-Jiun Hsieh A, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of mosaicism for a small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from ring chromosome 2. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 51:411-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2012.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
Somatic mosaicism is the result of postzygotic de novo mutation occurring in a portion of the cells making up an organism. Structural genetic variation is a very heterogeneous group of changes, in terms of numerous types of aberrations that are included in this category, involvement of many mechanisms behind the generation of structural variants, and because structural variation can encompass genomic regions highly variable in size. Structural variation rapidly evolved as the dominating type of changes behind human genetic diversity, and the importance of this variation in biology and medicine is continuously increasing. In this review, we combine the evidence of structural variation in the context of somatic cells. We discuss the normal and disease-related somatic structural variation. We review the recent advances in the field of monozygotic twins and other models that have been studied for somatic mutations, including other vertebrates. We also discuss chromosomal mosaicism in a few prime examples of disease genes that contributed to understanding of the importance of somatic heterogeneity. We further highlight challenges and opportunities related to this field, including methodological and practical aspects of detection of somatic mosaicism. The literature devoted to interindividual variation versus papers reporting on somatic variation suggests that the latter is understudied and underestimated. It is important to increase our awareness about somatic mosaicism, in particular, related to structural variation. We believe that further research of somatic mosaicism will prove beneficial for better understanding of common sporadic disorders.
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Klein E, Rocchi M, Ovens-Raeder A, Kosyakova N, Weise A, Ziegler M, Meins M, Morlot S, Fischer W, Volleth M, Polityko A, Ogilvie CM, Kraus C, Liehr T. Five novel locations of Neocentromeres in human: 18q22.1, Xq27.1∼27.2, Acro p13, Acro p12, and heterochromatin of unknown origin. Cytogenet Genome Res 2012; 136:163-6. [PMID: 22377933 DOI: 10.1159/000336648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first report in 1993, an ectopic centromere, i.e. neocentromere formation, has been reported in more than 100 small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC), in 7 instances of centromere repositioning, and in about a dozen cases with more complex chromosomal rearrangements. Here we report 2 new cases with centromere repositioning and 3 neocentric sSMC consisting exclusively of heterochromatic material. Yet, no centromere formation was reported for the regions 18q22.1 and Xq27.1∼27.2 as it was observed in the 2 cases with centromere repositioning here; in both cases, cytogenetically an inversion was suggested. Two of the 3 neocentric sSMC were derived from a short arm of an acrocentric chromosome. The remainder neocentric sSMC case was previously reported and was stainable only by material derived from itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Klein
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Anguiano A, Wang BT, Wang SR, Boyar FZ, Mahon LW, El Naggar MM, Kohn PH, Haddadin MH, Sulcova V, Sbeiti AH, Ayad MS, White BJ, Strom CM. Spectral Karyotyping for identification of constitutional chromosomal abnormalities at a national reference laboratory. Mol Cytogenet 2012; 5:3. [PMID: 22248351 PMCID: PMC3298509 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-5-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Spectral karyotyping is a diagnostic tool that allows visualization of chromosomes in different colors using the FISH technology and a spectral imaging system. To assess the value of spectral karyotyping analysis for identifying constitutional supernumerary marker chromosomes or derivative chromosomes at a national reference laboratory, we reviewed the results of 179 consecutive clinical samples (31 prenatal and 148 postnatal) submitted for spectral karyotyping. Over 90% of the cases were requested to identify either small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) or chromosomal exchange material detected by G-banded chromosome analysis. We also reviewed clinical indications of those cases with marker chromosomes in which chromosomal origin was identified by spectral karyotyping. Our results showed that spectral karyotyping identified the chromosomal origin of marker chromosomes or the source of derivative chromosomal material in 158 (88%) of the 179 clinical cases; the identification rate was slightly higher for postnatal (89%) compared to prenatal (84%) cases. Cases in which the origin could not be identified had either a small marker chromosome present at a very low level of mosaicism (< 10%), or contained very little euchromatic material. Supplemental FISH analysis confirmed the spectral karyotyping results in all 158 cases. Clinical indications for prenatal cases were mainly for marker identification after amniocentesis. For postnatal cases, the primary indications were developmental delay and multiple congenital anomalies (MCA). The most frequently encountered markers were of chromosome 15 origin for satellited chromosomes, and chromosomes 2 and 16 for non-satellited chromosomes. We were able to obtain pertinent clinical information for 47% (41/88) of cases with an identified abnormal chromosome. We conclude that spectral karyotyping is sufficiently reliable for use and provides a valuable diagnostic tool for establishing the origin of supernumerary marker chromosomes or derivative chromosomal material that cannot be identified with standard cytogenetic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Anguiano
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92690, USA
| | - Boris T Wang
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92690, USA
| | - Shirong R Wang
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92690, USA
| | - Fatih Z Boyar
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92690, USA
| | - Loretta W Mahon
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92690, USA
| | | | - Peter H Kohn
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92690, USA
| | - Mary H Haddadin
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92690, USA
| | - Vladimira Sulcova
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92690, USA
| | - Adam H Sbeiti
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92690, USA
| | - Mervat S Ayad
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92690, USA
| | - Beverly J White
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92690, USA
| | - Charles M Strom
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92690, USA
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Chen CP, Chen M, Su YN, Tsai FJ, Chern SR, Wu PC, Chen WL, Chen LF, Pan CW, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of mosaicism for a small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from ring chromosome 4. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 50:188-95. [PMID: 21791306 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of mosaicism for a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) derived from ring chromosome, or r(4) by spectral karyotyping (SKY), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). MATERIALS, METHODS, AND RESULTS A 37-year-old, primigravid woman underwent amniocentesis at 18 weeks of gestation because of advanced maternal age. Amniocentesis revealed a de novo ring-shaped sSMC in 16 of 31 amniocyte colonies. The parental karyotypes were normal. Level II ultrasound findings were unremarkable. Repeated amniocentesis revealed a karyotype of 47,XX,+mar[17]/46,XX[19]. The sSMC was characterized by SKY and FISH, which showed a chromosome 4 origin of the sSMC. aCGH demonstrated a 21.7-Mb gain in the gene dosage encompassing the region of 4p12→q13.2. The sSMC was r(4)(p12q13.2). The fetal karyotype was 47,XX,+r(4)(p12q13.2)[17]/46,XX[19]. The pregnancy was subsequently terminated. The fetus postnatally manifested hypertelorism, epicanthic folds, a prominent nose, a triangular face, low-set ears, clinodactyly of the fingers, and small big toes. Postnatal cytogenetic analyses of fetal and extraembryonic tissues revealed the karyotypes of 47,XX,+r(4)[18]/46,XX[21] in cord blood, 47,XX,+r(4)[20]/48,XX,+r(4),+r(4)[1]/46,XX[9] in umbilical cord, 47,XX,+r(4)[14]/47,XX,+dic r(4)[1]/46,XX[25] in skin, 47,XX,+r(4)[15]/46,XX[25] in amnion, and 47,XX,+r(4)[12]/47,XX,+dic r(4)[1]/46,XX[2] in placenta. CONCLUSION SKY, FISH, and aCGH are helpful in genetic counseling of prenatally detected sSMCs by providing the immediate and thorough information on the origin and genetic component of the sSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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35
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Chen CP, Chen M, Ma GC, Chang SP, Chen YY, Wu PC, Chen LF, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of a small marker chromosome derived from Y chromosome. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 50:253-7. [PMID: 21791323 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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36
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Keren B, Le Caignec C. Oligonucleotide microarrays in constitutional genetic diagnosis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2011; 11:521-32. [PMID: 21707460 DOI: 10.1586/erm.11.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide microarrays such as comparative genomic hybridization arrays and SNP microarrays enable the identification of genomic imbalances - also termed copy-number variants - with increasing resolution. This article will focus on the most significant applications of high-throughput oligonucleotide microarrays, both in genetic diagnosis and research. In genetic diagnosis, the method is becoming a standard tool for investigating patients with unexplained developmental delay/intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders and/or with multiple congenital anomalies. Oligonucleotide microarray have also been recently applied to the detection of genomic imbalances in prenatal diagnosis either to characterize a chromosomal rearrangement that has previously been identified by standard prenatal karyotyping or to detect a cryptic genomic imbalance in a fetus with ultrasound abnormalities and a normal standard prenatal karyotype. In research, oligonucleotide microarrays have been used for a wide range of applications, such as the identification of new genes responsible for monogenic disorders and the association of a copy-number variant as a predisposing factor to a common disease. Despite its widespread use, the interpretation of results is not always straightforward. We will discuss several unexpected results and ethical issues raised by these new methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Keren
- Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, France
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Konialis C, Hagnefelt B, Sevastidou S, Karapanou S, Pispili K, Markaki A, Pangalos C. Uncovering recurrent microdeletion syndromes and subtelomeric deletions/duplications through non-selective application of a MLPA-based extended prenatal panel in routine prenatal diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 2011; 31:571-7. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.2750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer or simply transgenic technology has evolved much since 1980. Gene delivery strategies, systems, and equipments have become more and more precise and efficient. It has also been shown that even chromosomes can be used besides traditional plasmid and viral vectors for zygote or embryonic stem cell transformation. Artificial chromosomes and their loadable variants have brought their advantages over traditional genetic information carriers into the field of transgenesis. Engineered chromosomes are appealing vectors for gene transfer since they have large transgene carrying capacity, they are non-integrating, and stably expressing in eukaryotic cells. Embryonic stem cell lines can be established that carry engineered chromosomes and ultimately used in transgenic mouse chimera creation. The demonstrated protocol describes all the steps necessary for the successful production of transgenic mouse chimeras with engineered chromosome bearer embryonic stem cells.
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Li C. A prenatally recognizable malformation syndrome associated with a recurrent post-zygotic chromosome rearrangement der(Y)t(Y;1)(q12:q21). Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:2339-41. [PMID: 20684010 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Several cases of mos 46,X,der(Y)t(Y;1)(q12;q21)/46,XY with multiple anomalies have been reported. I report on an additional case of a male fetus with a mosaic male karyotype mos 46,X,der(Y)t(Y;1)(q12;q21)[31]/46,XY[21] and multiple anomalies that included "teardrop"-shaped head with a triangular face, a short-nasal bridge with upturned nose, microretrognathia, microtia, kyphoscoliosis, oligodactyly, syndactyly, joint contractures, CNS malformation, omphalocele, diaphragmatic hernia, cardiac anomaly, and urogenital malformation. The findings together suggest a recurrent and recognizable syndrome and argue for using tissues such as skin or cartilage or amniotic fluid, instead of cord blood, for postmortem karyotyping in order to avoid missing mosaicism as a potential cause of multiple congenital anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chumei Li
- Clinical Genetics Program, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, Canada.
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Chen CP, Lin CC, Su YN, Tsai FJ, Chen JT, Chern SR, Lee CC, Town DD, Chen LF, Wu PC, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of a small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from chromosome 18 and associated with a reciprocal translocation involving chromosomes 17 and 18. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 49:188-91. [PMID: 20708526 DOI: 10.1016/s1028-4559(10)60039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prenatal diagnosis of small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC) gives rise to difficulties in genetic counseling, and requires molecular cytogenetic technologies such as spectral karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization, multicolor-fluorescence in situ hybridization, or array-comparative genomic hybridization to identify the nature of the aberrant chromosome. We report such a case associated with a reciprocal translocation. MATERIALS, METHODS AND RESULTS A 36-year-old woman, gravida 7, para 1, abortus 5, was referred for amniocentesis at 18 weeks of gestation because of advanced maternal age. Amniocentesis revealed a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 17q and 18q and an sSMC. The karyotype was 47,XY,t(17;18)(q11.1;q11.2), +mar. Chromosome preparations from blood lymphocytes revealed that she had the same reciprocal translocation and sSMC. Spectral karyotyping showed that the sSMC was derived from the centromeric region of chromosome 18, and there was a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 17 and 18. The derivative chromosome 17 had positive 17p terminal (17pTEL) and chromosome 17 centromeric (cep17) signals but did not have a positive chromosome 18 centromeric signal (cep18). The derivative chromosome 18 had positive 18p terminal (18pTEL), chromosome 18 centromeric (cep18) and cep17 signals. The sSMC had only a positive cep18 signal. These findings suggested that a breakpoint occurred at 17q11.1 and another at 18q11.2 during translocation, and the sSMC originated from chromosome 18. The karyotype of the fetus was thus 47,XY,t(17;18)(q11.1;q11.2), +mar.ish der(17)t(17;18)(q11.1;q11.2)(17pTEL+,D17Z1+),der(18)t(17;18)(q11.1;q11.2)(18pTEL+,D18Z1+,D17Z1+), + der(18)(D18Z1+). Oligonucleotide-based array comparative genomic hybridization demonstrated no gain or loss of the gene dosage on chromosomes 17 and 18. CONCLUSION Our case adds to the reported cases of sSMCs derived from the centromeric region of chromosome 18 without phenotypic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Prenatal Diagnosis and Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of a Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome Derived From Chromosome 8. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 49:500-5. [DOI: 10.1016/s1028-4559(10)60104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Chen CP, Lin CC, Ko TM, Tsai FJ, Chern SR, Lee CC, Chen YT, Wu PC, Wang W. Prenatal Diagnosis and Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of a Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome Derived From Chromosome 21. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 49:377-80. [DOI: 10.1016/s1028-4559(10)60080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Prenatal Diagnosis and Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of a Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome Derived From Chromosome 22. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 49:381-4. [DOI: 10.1016/s1028-4559(10)60081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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