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Montanari S, Davani L, Terenzi C, Maltoni M, Andrisano V, De Simone A, Ricci M. Fentanyl pharmacokinetics in blood of cancer patients by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 219:114913. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Trawiński J, Szpot P, Zawadzki M, Skibiński R. Photochemical transformation of fentanyl under the simulated solar radiation - Enhancement of the process by heterogeneous photocatalysis and in silico analysis of toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148171. [PMID: 34119797 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study the photochemical transformation of fentanyl-a very potent opioid drug-under simulated solar radiation was investigated for the first time. This pharmaceutical is frequently detected in various environment samples at concentrations that should be regarded as potentially harmful. Nevertheless, to date, no drug phototransformation products (TPs) have been reported. Considering fentanyl's exceptionally high toxicity, knowledge of the properties of these potential TPs is essential in order to properly assess its pollution impact. In this study, all photolytic experiments were performed using a xenon lamp (D65 filter) and RP-UHPLC coupled with the ESI-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. The phototransformation of fentanyl in natural river water and the application of heterogeneous photocatalysis as a possible way of decontaminating water were also investigated. Fentanyl turned out to be photostable, but twenty-six previously unreported TPs (formed mainly as a consequence of hydroxylation and oxidation) were found and characterized. The applied catalysts-TiO2 and ZnO-showed very high effectiveness, and the presence of the natural water matrix further increased the photodecomposition rate (up to 600 times) relative to direct photolysis. Importantly, the almost complete degradation of the parent compound as well as its TPs after 16 min of irradiation indicated that heterogeneous photocatalysis can be considered an efficient way of treatment of fentanyl-contaminated water. The computational analysis of toxicity showed that fentanyl may be more harmful to rodents and aquatic species than its TPs. However, some of these products are probably more mutagenic and developmentally toxic. Additionally, one product in particular may be a strong estrogenic compound, proving the importance of assessing TPs' toxic properties. The evaluation of bioaccumulation, bioconcentration and biodegradability revealed that fentanyl possesses unfavorable properties compared to TPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Trawiński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Szpot
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Forensic Medicine, 4 J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego Street, Wroclaw 50-345, Poland; Institute of Toxicology Research, 45 Kasztanowa Street, Borowa 55-093, Poland
| | - Marcin Zawadzki
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Forensic Medicine, 4 J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego Street, Wroclaw 50-345, Poland; Institute of Toxicology Research, 45 Kasztanowa Street, Borowa 55-093, Poland
| | - Robert Skibiński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
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Characterizing Breakthrough Cancer Pain Using Ecological Momentary Assessment with a Smartphone App: Feasibility and Clinical Findings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115991. [PMID: 34204871 PMCID: PMC8199778 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND mobile applications (apps) facilitate cancer pain ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and provide more reliable data than retrospective monitoring. The aims of this study are (a) to describe the status of persons with cancer pain when assessed ecologically, (b) to analyze the utility of clinical alarms integrated into the app, and (c) to test the feasibility of implementing an app for daily oncological pain monitoring. METHODS in this feasibility study, 21 patients (mean age = 56.95 years, SD = 10.53, 81.0% men) responded to an app-based evaluation of physical status (baseline and breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP)) and mental health variables (fatigue, mood, and coping) daily during 30 days. RESULTS cancer pain characterization with the app was similar to data from the literature using retrospective assessments in terms of BTcP duration and perceived medication effectiveness. However, BTcP was less frequent when evaluated ecologically. Pain, fatigue, and mood were comparable in the morning and evening. Passive coping strategies were the most employed daily. Clinical alarms appear to be useful to detect and address adverse events. App implementation was feasible and acceptable. CONCLUSION apps reduce recall bias and facilitate a rapid response to adverse events in oncological care. Future efforts should be addressed to integrate EMA and ecological momentary interventions to facilitate pain self-management via apps.
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Noguchi T, Umezaki Y, Takano R, Fujimoto T, Domon Y, Kubota K, Ueda K, Kawase Y, Yabe K, Yokoyama M, Shimada K. A novel [5.2.1]bicyclic amine is a potent analgesic without µ opioid activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 36:127790. [PMID: 33454387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We identified (5R)-6-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-2,5-methano-2,6-benzodiazonine (DS21980956: 4-(R)) as a novel [5.2.1]bicyclic basic compound. The scaffold was inspired by fentanyl or pethidine, which possess potent analgesic activities. DS21980956 had potent analgesic activity in the mouse acetic acid writhing test or tail flick test without agonistic activity at the µ opioid receptor (MOR). The mechanism of analgesic action of DS21980956 was considered to differ from a biased ligand, for example, TRV-130 (3, oliceridine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuji Noguchi
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Yuma Umezaki
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Rieko Takano
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Teppei Fujimoto
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Yuki Domon
- Specialty Medicine Research Laboratories I, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Kubota
- Specialty Medicine Research Laboratories I, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ueda
- Specialty Medicine Research Laboratories I, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Yumi Kawase
- Biomarker & Translational Research Department, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Koichi Yabe
- Pharmacovigilance Department, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Miki Yokoyama
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Kousei Shimada
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan.
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Wirz S, Schenk M, Hofbauer H, Wartenberg HC, Cascella M, Kieselbach K. [Use of rapid-onset fentanyl preparations beyond indication : A random questionnaire survey among congress participants and pain physicians]. Schmerz 2020; 35:114-123. [PMID: 32975670 DOI: 10.1007/s00482-020-00503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite publicised advice and warnings, there are only scant data on the non-indicated prescription of rapid-onset preparations of fentanyl (ROF) in non-cancer pain (NCP). Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation. OBJECTIVE Initiated by the Working Group Cancer Pain and supported by the German Pain Society, a random sample survey was conducted to assess the non-indicated use of ROF. METHODS The survey addressed attendees of pain conferences who were given the option to fill in the questionnaires outside the conference or online. Primary endpoints of the structured questionnaire were quantitative and qualitative items with regard to the prescription of ROF, while secondary endpoints were opioid-induced side effects. RESULTS Obtaining a response rate of 44% (132/300) and an additional 51 online questionnaires revealed that 165 (90%) respondents had knowledge of non-indicated prescriptions or were involved in these. Of these, 65% were clinicians and 17% worked in an outpatient capacity. In all, 22% were trained pain or palliative physicians. Approximately 1205 patients were assessed indirectly. The main causes for dispensing ROF included NCP entities such as back pain (44%), neuropathic pain (33%), head or facial pain (12%), and dyspnea (5%) in cancer pain or lack of break-through pain or basic medication (44%). Sedation (32%), nausea/vomiting (31%), constipation (16%) and insufficient analgesia (31%) were the mostly commonly reported adverse effects. CONCLUSION Despite the non-ambiguous indication for ROF, physicians often demonstrate inappropriate prescription behaviour. Iatrogenic misuse of ROF should be minimized. The rates of adverse effects of ROF seems to be in line with other opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wirz
- Abteilung für Anästhesie, Intensivmedizin, Schmerzmedizin/Palliativmedizin - Zentrum für Schmerzmedizin, Weaningzentrum, CURA Krankenhaus, Betriebsstätte der GFO-Kliniken Bonn, Schülgenstr. 15, 53604, Bad Honnef, Deutschland.
| | - Michael Schenk
- Zentrum für Integrative Medizin, Franziskus-Krankenhaus Berlin, Budapester Str. 15-19, 10787, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Hannes Hofbauer
- Sektion Schmerztherapie, Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Hans-Christian Wartenberg
- Afdeling Anesthesiologie H1-115, Academisch Medisch Centrum, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, NL-1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Niederlande
| | - Marco Cascella
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS. Fondazione G. Pascale, Via Mariano Semmola 52, 80131, Napoli, Italien
| | - Kristin Kieselbach
- Interdisziplinäres Schmerzzentrum ISZ, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 117, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland
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Burns SM, Cunningham CW, Mercer SL. DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Fentanyl. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2428-2437. [PMID: 29894151 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fentanyl rose to prominence as an alternative analgesic to morphine nearly 50 years ago; today, fentanyl has re-emerged as a dangerous recreational substance. The increased potency and analgesic effect of fentanyl are advantageous in the treatment of pain but are also responsible for the rise in unintentional opioid overdose deaths. In response to this crisis, fentanyl, its analogues, and even precursors are under heightened regulatory scrutiny. Despite this controversial history, derivatization of fentanyl has resulted in numerous synthetic analogues that provide valuable insights into opioid receptor binding and signaling events. In this review, the impact of fentanyl on chemical neuroscience is shown through its synthesis and properties, manufacturing, metabolism, pharmacology, approved and off-label indications, adverse effects, and the responsibility it has in the opioid epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Mallory Burns
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy, Nashville, Tennessee 37204, United States
| | - Christopher W. Cunningham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Concordia University Wisconsin School of Pharmacy, Mequon, Wisconsin 53097, United States
| | - Susan L. Mercer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy, Nashville, Tennessee 37204, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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Pieper L, Wager J, Zernikow B. Intranasal fentanyl for respiratory distress in children and adolescents with life-limiting conditions. BMC Palliat Care 2018; 17:106. [PMID: 30200942 PMCID: PMC6131941 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-018-0361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory distress is one of the most common and frightening symptoms of children with life-limiting conditions. Because treatment of the underlying cause is frequently impossible or insufficient, in many children, symptomatic treatment is warranted. The purpose of this study was to describe the circumstances of the use of intranasal fentanyl in an acute attack of respiratory distress (AARD) in children receiving palliative care, as well as to describe outcomes and adverse events after its use. Methods Children and adolescents treated in a pediatric palliative unit or attended by a specialized home care team between 2010 and 2016 were included in this study. A retrospective chart review was conducted of those who were treated with intranasal fentanyl for an AARD. Results During the study period 16 children (0.5–18.6 years) with various life-limiting conditions were treated with intranasal fentanyl for AARD. In total, 70 AARDs were analyzed. In 74% of all AARDs, a single dose of intranasal fentanyl was used. Frequent causes for an AARD were excessive secretions and acute respiratory infection. The median starting dose of intranasal fentanyl was 1.5 μg/kg body weight. Labored breathing (96%), tachypnea (79%) and related suffering (97%) improved after treatment. An adverse event occurred in one child. Conclusions Intranasal fentanyl may be a safe and effective medication for the treatment of acute attacks of respiratory distress in children with life-limiting conditions. However, prospective studies with larger sample sizes and a control group are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Pieper
- Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health - School of Medicine, Witten, Germany
| | - Julia Wager
- Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health - School of Medicine, Witten, Germany.,Paediatric Palliative Care Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital Datteln, Dr.-Friedrich-Steiner-Str.5, 45711, Datteln, Germany
| | - Boris Zernikow
- Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health - School of Medicine, Witten, Germany. .,Paediatric Palliative Care Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital Datteln, Dr.-Friedrich-Steiner-Str.5, 45711, Datteln, Germany.
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Effects of smoking and body mass index on the exposure of fentanyl in patients with cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198289. [PMID: 29883454 PMCID: PMC5993275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transdermal fentanyl patch is widely used to treat cancer-related pain despite its wide inter- and intrapatient variability in pharmacokinetics. The aim of this study was to investigate whether smoking and body size (i.e. body mass index) influence fentanyl exposure in patients with cancer. These are factors that typically change during treatment and disease trajectories. We performed an explorative cohort study in patients with cancer using transdermal fentanyl patches (Durogesic®), by taking a blood sample for pharmacokinetic analysis one day after applying a patch in patients with a stable fentanyl dose. A total of 88 patients were evaluable. Although no statistically significant difference was found, the plasma concentrations of non-smokers was 28% (95% CI [-14%; +89-%]) higher than those of smokers normalizing for a dose of 25μg/min. Patients with a low BMI (< 20 kg/m2) had almost similar (10% (95% CI [-39%; +97%]) higher) plasma concentrations compared to patients with a high BMI (> 25 kg/m2). A wider variation in fentanyl plasma concentrations was found in this study than anticipated. Due to this variation, studies in larger patient cohorts are needed to further investigate the effect of smoking on plasma concentration of fentanyl and thereby clarify the clinical significance of our findings.
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Prevalence and Characterization of Breakthrough Pain Associated with Chronic Low Back Pain in the South of Spain: A Cross-Sectional, Multicenter, Observational Study. PAIN RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2018; 2018:4325271. [PMID: 29850241 PMCID: PMC5937435 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4325271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is highly prevalent in industrialized countries, where it is one of the main causes of disability. Patients with CLBP in treatment with opioids often experience episodes of breakthrough pain (BTP), but data on prevalence and treatment preferences are scarce. The objectives of this study were, first, the evaluation of the prevalence of BTP in patients with CLBP in the South of Spain (N = 1,868) and, second, the characterization of BTP in these patients (N = 295). Data was collected on presence of BTP, type and location of pain, treatment, compliance, and patient satisfaction. We found a prevalence of BTP in patients with CLBP of 37.5% (95% CI: 35.3%–39.7%), similar in men and women. 75% of the patients were older than 50 years. The preferred drug of patients who control BTP with opioids is fentanyl (78.3%) and its most common form of administration is nasal (53.2%). Therapeutic compliance was high and 46.3% of patients considered the control of their BTP very satisfactory. Our study showed that BTP is common in patients with CLBP and that current treatments seem adequate.
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Yadav SK, Kumar D, Kumar P, Gupta PK, Bhattacharya R. Biochemical, Oxidative, and Physiological Changes Caused by Acute Exposure of Fentanyl and Its 3 Analogs in Rodents. Int J Toxicol 2018; 37:28-37. [PMID: 29356587 DOI: 10.1177/1091581817750560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and bioefficacy of fentanyl and its 8 new 1-substituted analogs (1-8) were earlier reported by us. Of these 8 compounds, N-(1-(2-phenoxyethyl)-4-piperidinyl)propionanilide (2), N-isopropyl-3-(4-( N-phenylpropionamido)piperidin-1-yl)propanamide (5), and N- t-butyl-3-(4-( N-phenylpropionamido)piperidin-1-yl) propanamide (6) were found to be more effective and less toxic compared to fentanyl. The present study reports the acute effect of fentanyl (0.50 Median Lethal Dose (LD50); intraperitoneal) and its 3 analogs (2, 5, and 6) on various biochemical and oxidative parameters in mice and various physiological parameters in rats. Blood alkaline phosphatase (1 hour and 7 days) and urea levels (1 hour) were significantly elevated by fentanyl, while alanine aminotransferase levels (1 hour) were increased by both fentanyl and analog 2 compared to the corresponding control. Increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide and decrease in partial pressure of oxygen were also caused by fentanyl and analog 2 (1 hour). Analog 6 alone elevated malondialdehyde levels in the brain, liver, and kidney tissues (7 days). The LD50 of fentanyl and analogs 2, 5, and 6 were found to be 0.879, 87.88, 69.80, and 55.44 mg/kg, respectively, in rats. Significant decrease in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate (RR), and neuromuscular transmission was produced by fentanyl and analog 2, while analog 5 decreased the RR alone. The changes, particularly the respiratory depression, were found to be reversed by naloxone, a μ-receptor antagonist. Thereby, indicating involvement of μ-receptor mediated effects of the compounds. To conclude, all the analogs were found to be less toxic compared to fentanyl, suggesting their possible role in pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Kumar Yadav
- 1 Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Deo Kumar
- 1 Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pravin Kumar
- 1 Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Gupta
- 2 Synthetic Chemistry Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Bhattacharya
- 1 Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Yenigun A, Yilmaz S, Dogan R, Goktas SS, Calim M, Ozturan O. Demonstration of analgesic effect of intranasal ketamine and intranasal fentanyl for postoperative pain after pediatric tonsillectomy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 104:182-185. [PMID: 29287863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tonsillectomy is one of the oldest and most commonly performed surgical procedure in otolaryngology. Postoperative pain management is still an unsolved problem. In this study, our aim is to demonstrate the efficacy of intranasal ketamine and intranasal fentanyl for postoperative pain relief after tonsillectomy in children. MATERIAL AND METHOD This randomized-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the effects of intranasal ketamine and intranasal fentanyl in children undergoing tonsillectomy. Tonsillectomy performed in 63 children were randomized into three groups. Group I received: Intravenous paracetamol (10 mg/kg), Group II received intranasal ketamine (1.5 mg/kg ketamine), Group III received intranasal fentanyl (1.5 mcg/kg). The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) and Wilson sedation scale scores were recorded at 15, 30, 60 min, 2 h, 6hr, 12 h and 24 h postoperatively. Patients were interviewed on the day after surgery to assess the postoperative pain, nightmares, hallucinations, nausea, vomiting and bleeding. RESULTS Intranasal ketamine and intranasal fentanyl provided significantly stronger analgesic affects compared to intravenous paracetamol administration at postoperative 15, 30, 60 min and at 2, 6, 12 and 24 h in CHEOPS (p < 0.05). Sedative effects were observed in three patients in the intranasal ketamine administration group. No such sedative effect was seen in the groups that received intranasal fentanyl and intravenous paracetamol in Wilson Sedation Scale (p < 0.05). Cognitive impairment, constipation, nausea, vomiting and bleeding were not observed in any of the groups. CONCLUSION This study showed that either intranasal ketamine and intranasal fentanyl were more effective than paracetamol for postoperative analgesia after pediatric tonsillectomy. Sedative effects were observed in three patients with the group of intranasal ketamine. There was no significant difference in the efficacy of IN Ketamine and IN Fentanyl for post-tonsillectomy pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Yenigun
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sinan Yilmaz
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Remzi Dogan
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seda Sezen Goktas
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhittin Calim
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Orhan Ozturan
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
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Husic S, Imamovic S, Matic S, Sukalo A. Characteristics and Treatment of Breakthrought Pain (BTcP) in Palliative Care. Med Arch 2017; 71:246-250. [PMID: 28974843 PMCID: PMC5585809 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2017.71.246-250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This research was to follow characteristics of breakthrough pain caused by cancer (BTcP) and other most common sympthoms (ESAS) at patients in advanced stage of cancer disease in palliative care. PATIENTS AND METHODS Prospective study included 433 patients which were treated in Palliative Care Centre in UKC Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Group 1 was consisted of 353 patients whose basal cancer pain of intensity 4-7 NRS was treated weak opiates (basal analgetic- fixed combination of tramadol/paracetamol (37.5 mg/325 mg) in initial dose 3x1tbl for pain intensity 4, to 4x2tbl (for pain intensity 7). In Group 2 (80 patients) basal pain of intensity 8-10 was treated strong opiates as basal analgetic (oral morphine and transdermal fentanil). If the previous day were 2 or more breakthrough pain that required ''rescue dose'' of analgetics (tramadol 50-100 mg orally in group 1 ie. Oral morphine 8-12 mg in the group 2), the dose of basal analgetic was increased. RESULTS The total number of reported breakthrough pain in all 433 patients for 10 days of treatment was 3 369 (0.78 BTcP /per patient/day), where at Group 1 patients showed significantly lower BTcP (0.56 BTcP/patient/day). The average intensity of BTcP was 5.91 where in the Group1 was 4.51 while in the Group 2 8.04. 582 (17.28%) was rated grade 7, of which 539 were successfully coupled by strong and 43 (7.39%) successfully coupled by weak opiates. From 556 BTcP who were rated with 8, 540 of them were coupled strong and only 16 successfully coupled by weak opiates. 1967 (58.39 %) of breakthrough pain has occured in the evening hours (18-06 h), while 1402 (41.62%) BTCP occured during day hours (06-18h). Most (1290 or 38.29%) of breakthrough pain lasted less than 10 minutes, 882 (26.18%) between 16 and 20 minutes, 752 (22.32%) between 11 and 15 minutes, 407 (12.8%) between 21 and 30 minutes and 38 (1.13%) lasted longer than 20 minutes. CONCLUSION Duriong our study, we noted a relatively large number of breakthrough pain with lower intensity (3-6) in patients treated with weak opiates, which are also adversely affected patients satisfaction with pain treatment and required additional doses of analgetics. In the small percentage is possible the breakthrough pain of stronger intensity (7-8) treat by maximum doses of weak opiates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Husic
- Center for Palliative Care, Univerzity Clinical Center Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Semir Imamovic
- Clinic for anesthesia and reanimation, Univerzity Clinical Center Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Srecko Matic
- Public Health Institution, Primary Health Care Center Ljubuski, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Kocak N, Ozen F, Yildirim IH, Duran Y. Fentanyl Inhibits Tumorigenesis from Human Breast Stem Cells by Inducing Apoptosis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:735-739. [PMID: 28441707 PMCID: PMC5464492 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.3.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fentanyl is an opioid analgesic that it is widely used in cancer patients. Since there have been reports of effects of analgesic medications on the recurrence and development of resistance to treatment, influences of of fentanyl on MCF-7 and HEK293 cells were evaluated. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Gene expression analysis was performed by quantitative real-time PCR assay for the Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog genes as stem cell markers and Bax, Bcl2, and p53 genes as apoptosis markers. MTT assay results showed that fentanyl significantly inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner while significantly increasing apoptosis. In contrast, decrease was noted in HEK-293 cells. In MCF-7 derived cancer stem cells, fentanyl treatment decreased the expression of Bax, Bcl2, Oct4, Sox2, Nanog genes when compared to untreated cells. In HEK-293 stem cells, decrease was noted for Sox2, Nanog and Bax, but increase for Oct4. Our study supports an antitumor role of fentanyl by inducing apoptosis and reducing numbers of cancer stem cells in the MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadir Kocak
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Konya, Turkey.
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14
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Kuip EJM, Zandvliet ML, Koolen SLW, Mathijssen RHJ, van der Rijt CCD. A review of factors explaining variability in fentanyl pharmacokinetics; focus on implications for cancer patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 83:294-313. [PMID: 27619152 PMCID: PMC5237702 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fentanyl is a strong opioid that is available for various administration routes, and which is widely used to treat cancer-related pain. Many factors influence the fentanyl pharmacokinetics leading to a wide inter- and intrapatient variability. This systematic review summarizes multiple studied factors that potentially influence fentanyl pharmacokinetics with a focus on implications for cancer patients. The use of CYP3A4 inhibitors and inducers, impaired liver function, and heating of the patch potentially influence fentanyl pharmacokinetics in a clinically relevant way. In elderly patients, current data suggest that we should carefully dose fentanyl due to alterations in absorption and metabolism. The influence of BMI and gender on fentanyl pharmacokinetics is questionable, most probably due to a large heterogeneity in the published studies. Pharmacogenetics, e.g. the CYP3A5*3 gene polymorphism, may influence fentanyl pharmacokinetics as well, although further study is warranted. Several other factors have been studied but did not show significant and clinically relevant effects on fentanyl pharmacokinetics. Unfortunately, most of the published papers that studied factors influencing fentanyl pharmacokinetics describe healthy volunteers instead of cancer patients. Results from the studies in volunteers may not be simply extrapolated to cancer patients because of multiple confounding factors. To handle fentanyl treatment in a population of cancer patients, it is essential that physicians recognize factors that influence fentanyl pharmacokinetics, thereby preventing potential side-effects and increasing its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien J. M. Kuip
- Dept of Medical OncologyErasmus MC Cancer InstituteGroene Hilledijk 3013075 EARotterdamNetherlands
- Dept of Medical OncologyRadboud University Medical CenterGeert Grooteplein Zuid 8NijmegenNetherlands
| | - Maarten L. Zandvliet
- Dept of Clinical Pharmacy and ToxicologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenNetherlands
| | - Stijn L. W. Koolen
- Dept of Medical OncologyErasmus MC Cancer InstituteGroene Hilledijk 3013075 EARotterdamNetherlands
| | - Ron H. J. Mathijssen
- Dept of Medical OncologyErasmus MC Cancer InstituteGroene Hilledijk 3013075 EARotterdamNetherlands
| | - Carin C. D. van der Rijt
- Dept of Medical OncologyErasmus MC Cancer InstituteGroene Hilledijk 3013075 EARotterdamNetherlands
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer OrganisationUtrechtNetherlands
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15
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Li S, Cohen-Karni D, Kovaliov M, Tomycz N, Cheng B, Whiting D, Averick S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of fentanyl acrylic derivatives. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01346a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis and biological evaluation of fentanyl acrylic derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Li
- Neuroscience Disruptive Research Lab
- Allegheny Health Network Research Institute
- Allegheny General Hospital
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Devora Cohen-Karni
- Neuroscience Disruptive Research Lab
- Allegheny Health Network Research Institute
- Allegheny General Hospital
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Marina Kovaliov
- Neuroscience Disruptive Research Lab
- Allegheny Health Network Research Institute
- Allegheny General Hospital
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Nestor Tomycz
- Neuroscience Institute
- Allegheny Health Network
- Allegheny General Hospital
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Boyle Cheng
- Neuroscience Institute
- Allegheny Health Network
- Allegheny General Hospital
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Donald Whiting
- Neuroscience Institute
- Allegheny Health Network
- Allegheny General Hospital
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Saadyah Averick
- Neuroscience Disruptive Research Lab
- Allegheny Health Network Research Institute
- Allegheny General Hospital
- Pittsburgh
- USA
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16
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Identification and physicochemical characterization of 4-fluorobutyrfentanyl (1-((4-fluorophenyl)(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)amino)butan-1-one, 4-FBF) in seized materials and post-mortem biological samples. Drug Test Anal 2016; 9:405-414. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a systematic review of the current role of nebulized fentanyl in acute pain and potentially other conditions. DATA SOURCES A MEDLINE literature search inclusive of the dates 1946 to May 2016 was performed using the following search terms: fentanyl and administration, inhaled Excerpta Medica was searched from 1980 to May 2016 using the following search terms: exp fentanyl/inhalation drug administration Additionally, Web of Science was searched using the terms fentanyl and pain inclusive of 1945 to May 2016. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION We utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to select English language, human primary literature, review articles, and supporting data assessing the efficacy of nebulized fentanyl in acute pain. DATA SYNTHESIS Seven clinical trials have demonstrated no difference in efficacy between nebulized fentanyl and intravenous (IV) opioids. Few adverse effects were reported; however, the trials were of short duration. Nebulized fentanyl appeared to be a rapid-acting analgesic that does not require IV access. CONCLUSION Evidence suggests that nebulized fentanyl is as effective as IV opioids in the treatment of acute pain, with relatively few adverse effects. However, questions remain about the extemporaneous preparation of fentanyl nebulized solution, the variability in nebulization devices, and ensuring consistent drug delivery to distal airways in the clinical setting. The abuse potential of nebulized fentanyl should also be considered.
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18
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Alberts DS, Smith CC, Parikh N, Rauck RL. Fentanyl sublingual spray for breakthrough cancer pain in patients receiving transdermal fentanyl. Pain Manag 2016; 6:427-34. [PMID: 27020837 DOI: 10.2217/pmt-2015-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the relationship between effective fentanyl sublingual spray (FSS) doses for breakthrough cancer pain (BTCP) and around-the-clock (ATC) transdermal fentanyl patch (TFP). METHODS Adults tolerating ATC opioids received open-label FSS for 26 days, followed by a 26-day double-blind phase for patients achieving an effective dose (100-1600 µg). RESULTS Out of 50 patients on ATC TFP at baseline, 32 (64%) achieved an effective dose. FSS effective dose moderately correlated with mean TFP dose (r = 0.4; p = 0.03). Patient satisfaction increased during the study. Common adverse event included nausea (9%) and peripheral edema (9%). CONCLUSION FSS can be safely titrated to an effective dose for BTCP in patients receiving ATC TFP as chronic cancer pain medication. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00538850.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard L Rauck
- Carolinas Pain Institute, & The Center for Clinical Research, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA
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19
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Long-term safety of fentanyl sublingual spray in opioid-tolerant patients with breakthrough cancer pain. Support Care Cancer 2016; 24:2669-75. [PMID: 26780504 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-015-3056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study assessed the long-term safety of fentanyl sublingual spray for managing breakthrough cancer pain (BTCP). METHODS This open-label, multicenter study enrolled both de novo and rollover patients who completed a double-blind, efficacy trial. Eligible patients were ≥18 years of age and experiencing pain that was being managed with an around-the-clock opioid yet were experiencing ≤4 BTCP episodes daily and were opioid-tolerant (i.e., receiving ≥60 mg/day oral morphine or an equivalent dose of another opioid for ≥1 week). De novo patients initially entered a 21-day titration period to identify an effective dose of fentanyl sublingual spray (100-1600 μg), then entered a 90-day maintenance period. The incidence of adverse events (AEs), results of laboratory tests, vital sign assessments, and treatment satisfaction were assessed. RESULTS Of the 269 patients (de novo, 179; rollover, 90) who entered the maintenance period, 163 (60.6 %) completed the study; the primary reason for discontinuation was an AE (22.3 %). Eighty percent of patients identified an effective dose of fentanyl sublingual spray (median dose, 600 μg). The most common AEs differed from the titration period (nausea (13 %), vomiting (12 %), and somnolence (10 %)) to the maintenance period (malignant neoplasm progression (24 %), vomiting (16 %), and peripheral edema (12 %)). Few changes in laboratory parameters and vital sign assessments were observed. Patients generally reported being more satisfied with fentanyl sublingual spray than with their previous BTCP treatment. CONCLUSIONS This long-term maintenance study demonstrated that fentanyl sublingual spray was generally safe and well tolerated for managing BTCP over a 90-day period.
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Chou YC, Cheng YS, Hsu YH, Yu YH, Liu SJ. Biodegradable nanofiber-membrane for sustainable release of lidocaine at the femoral fracture site as a periosteal block: In vitro and in vivo studies in a rabbit model. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 140:332-341. [PMID: 26774570 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a biodegradable, lidocaine-embedded, nanofibrous membrane for the sustainable analgesic release onto fragments of a segmental femoral fracture site. Membranes of three different lidocaine concentrations (10%, 30%, and 50%) were produced via an electrospinning technique. In vitro lidocaine release was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography. A femoral segmental fracture, with intramedullary Kirschner-wire fixation and polycaprolactone stent enveloping the fracture site, was set-up in a rabbit model for in vivo assessment of post-operative recovery of activity. Eighteen rabbits were randomly assigned to three groups (six rabbits per group): group A comprised of rabbits with femoral fractures and underwent fixation; group B comprised of a comparable fracture model to that of group A with the implantation of lidocaine-loaded nanofibers; and group C, the control group, received only anesthesia. The following variables were measured: change in body weight, food and water intake before and after surgery, and total activity count post-surgery. All membranes eluted effective levels of lidocaine for more than 3 weeks post-surgery. Rabbits in group B showed faster recovery of activity post-operatively, compared with those in group A, which confirmed the pain relief efficacy of the lidocaine-embedded nanofibers. Nanofibers with sustainable lidocaine release have adequate efficacy and durability for pain relief in rabbits with segmental long bone fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chao Chou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shiun Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Heng Hsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsun Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jung Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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21
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Zádor F, Wollemann M. Receptome: Interactions between three pain-related receptors or the "Triumvirate" of cannabinoid, opioid and TRPV1 receptors. Pharmacol Res 2015; 102:254-63. [PMID: 26520391 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A growing amount of data demonstrates the interactions between cannabinoid, opioid and the transient receptor potential (TRP) vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptors. These interactions can be bidirectional, inhibitory or excitatory, acute or chronic in their nature, and arise both at the molecular level (structurally and functionally) and in physiological processes, such as pain modulation or perception. The interactions of these three pain-related receptors may also reserve important and new therapeutic applications for the treatment of chronic pain or inflammation. In this review, we summarize the main findings on the interactions between the cannabinoid, opioid and the TRPV1 receptor regarding to pain modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Zádor
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Maria Wollemann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
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22
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Baek SK, Kim DY, Kang SY, Sym SJ, Kim YS, Lee JY. A Korean Nationwide Survey for Breakthrough Cancer Pain in an Inpatient Setting. Cancer Res Treat 2015; 48:768-74. [PMID: 26511815 PMCID: PMC4843738 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2015.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We evaluated the prevalence and characteristics of breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) in Korean patients admitted with cancer pain. Materials and Methods In-hospital patients with cancer pain completed a questionnaire concerning severity of background cancer pain (BCP), prevalence and treatment for BTcP, sleep disorders, and satisfaction with cancer pain treatment. Medical records showing medications for BCP and BTcP were also evaluated. Results Total 609 patients with controlled BCP enrolled. Mean age of the patients was 59.5 years old, and 59% were male. Of all patients, 177 (29%) complained of BTcP. No clinical characteristic predicted BTcP. Of the 177 patients with BTcP, 56% did not receive treatment for BTcP. Patients with BTcP showed significant association with a sleep disorder and dissatisfaction with pain control, compared to those without BTcP (p < 0.0001 and p=0.0498, respectively). Oxycodone-immediate release was the most commonly used short-acting analgesic, followed by intravenous morphine. Conclusion The prevalence of BTcP was 29% in patients admitted with controlled BCP. Although the patients had well-controlled BCP, BTcP showed association with a lower quality of life in patients with cancer. More medical attention is needed for detection and management of BTcP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Kyung Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Yeun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk Univerity Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Seok Yun Kang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sun Jin Sym
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Young Sung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - June Young Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Bedard G, Davies A, McDonald R, Hawley P, Buchanan A, Popovic M, Wong E, Chow E. Breakthrough cancer pain: a comparison of surveys with European and Canadian patients. Support Care Cancer 2014; 23:791-6. [PMID: 25193599 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-014-2426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breakthrough cancer pain is defined as a transient exacerbation of pain that occurs spontaneously or in response to a trigger, despite stable and controlled background pain. Breakthrough pain often causes significant functional impairments for patients and can decrease quality of life. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine differences between breakthrough cancer pain incidence and management in Canada and Europe. METHODS Data collected from previous studies of breakthrough cancer pain in Canada and Europe was compared. A standard survey with identical inclusion/exclusion criteria was utilized for both patient populations. RESULTS Both groups of patients had a similar number and duration of breakthrough pain episodes, and similar pain intensity and pain interference with their daily activities. European patients reported better analgesic efficacy and satisfaction with management, and a greater percentage of European patients were prescribed a transmucosal fentanyl formulation (19.1 vs 2.9 %). More European patients (55 %) than Canadian patients (32.5 %) took their rescue medication every time they had a breakthrough pain episode. CONCLUSIONS Breakthrough cancer pain in both Canadian and European patients greatly impacts their daily living, and both groups of patients had similar experiences with breakthrough cancer pain. Currently, this pain is not adequately managed for many patients. The role for new analgesic treatments in management of breakthrough cancer pain needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Bedard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N3M5, Canada
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Tsze DS, Vitberg YM, Berezow J, Starc TJ, Dayan PS. Treatment of tetralogy of Fallot hypoxic spell with intranasal fentanyl. Pediatrics 2014; 134:e266-9. [PMID: 24936003 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-3183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 3-month-old girl who had unrepaired Tetralogy of Fallot who presented to the emergency department with an acute hypoxic episode. The patient was hyperpneic and cyanotic, with an initial oxygen saturation of 56%. She did not respond to knee-to-chest positioning. A single dose of intranasal fentanyl was administered with subsequent resolution of her symptoms and improvement of her oxygen saturation to 78% within 10 minutes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the successful treatment of a hypoxic episode of Tetralogy of Fallot using intranasal fentanyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Tsze
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Yaffa M Vitberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Joel Berezow
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Thomas J Starc
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Peter S Dayan
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
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25
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Davis MP, Bruera E. Trial Design for Breakthrough Pain: Is It Ethical to Have a Placebo in a Trial? Clin Ther 2014; 36:814-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Vardanyan RS, Hruby VJ. Fentanyl-related compounds and derivatives: current status and future prospects for pharmaceutical applications. Future Med Chem 2014; 6:385-412. [PMID: 24635521 PMCID: PMC4137794 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.13.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fentanyl and its analogs have been mainstays for the treatment of severe to moderate pain for many years. In this review, we outline the structural and corresponding synthetic strategies that have been used to understand the structure-biological activity relationship in fentanyl-related compounds and derivatives and their biological activity profiles. We discuss how changes in the scaffold structure can change biological and pharmacological activities. Finally, recent efforts to design and synthesize novel multivalent ligands that act as mu and delta opioid receptors and NK-1 receptors are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/chemical synthesis
- Analgesics, Opioid/chemistry
- Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Fentanyl/chemical synthesis
- Fentanyl/chemistry
- Fentanyl/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Neuralgia/drug therapy
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben S Vardanyan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Victor J Hruby
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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27
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Fernández-Fernández C, Callado LF, Girón R, Sánchez E, Erdozain AM, López-Moreno JA, Morales P, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Fernández-Ruiz J, Goya P, Meana JJ, Martín MI, Jagerovic N. Combining rimonabant and fentanyl in a single entity: preparation and pharmacological results. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:263-77. [PMID: 24591816 PMCID: PMC3934591 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s55045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Based on numerous pharmacological studies that have revealed an interaction between cannabinoid and opioid systems at the molecular, neurochemical, and behavioral levels, a new series of hybrid molecules has been prepared by coupling the molecular features of two wellknown drugs, ie, rimonabant and fentanyl. The new compounds have been tested for their affinity and functionality regarding CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid and μ opioid receptors. In [35S]-GTPγS (guanosine 5′-O-[gamma-thio]triphosphate) binding assays from the post-mortem human frontal cortex, they proved to be CB1 cannabinoid antagonists and μ opioid antagonists. Interestingly, in vivo, the new compounds exhibited a significant dual antagonist action on the endocannabinoid and opioid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis F Callado
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad del Pais Vasco, UPV/EHU, CIBERSAM, Leioa, Spain
| | - Rocío Girón
- Departamento de Farmacología y Nutrición, Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Eva Sánchez
- Departamento de Farmacología y Nutrición, Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Amaia M Erdozain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad del Pais Vasco, UPV/EHU, CIBERSAM, Leioa, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Javier Fernández-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, CIBERNED, IRYCIS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Goya
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Javier Meana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad del Pais Vasco, UPV/EHU, CIBERSAM, Leioa, Spain
| | - M Isabel Martín
- Departamento de Farmacología y Nutrición, Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
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Aldington D, Jagdish S. The fentanyl ‘lozenge’ story: from books to battlefield. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2014; 160:102-4. [DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2013-000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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29
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Deandrea S, Corli O, Consonni D, Villani W, Greco MT, Apolone G. Prevalence of breakthrough cancer pain: a systematic review and a pooled analysis of published literature. J Pain Symptom Manage 2014; 47:57-76. [PMID: 23796584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Despite the large body of literature on breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP), an accurate estimate of BTcP prevalence is still not available. OBJECTIVES To provide an estimate of BTcP prevalence and investigate the association between different prevalence rates and possible determinants. METHODS We conducted MEDLINE and EMBASE searches for studies published from 1990 to 2012 reporting data on BTcP prevalence in adult cancer populations. Pooled prevalence rates from observational studies with an acceptable methodological quality were computed. The association between BTcP prevalence and possible predictors was investigated using subgroup analyses and meta-regression. RESULTS Twenty-seven observational studies were identified. When quality criteria were applied, only 19 studies were included in the pooled analysis. The overall pooled prevalence was 59.2%, with high heterogeneity. The lowest prevalence rates were detected in studies conducted in outpatient clinics (39.9%), and the highest prevalence was reported in studies conducted in hospice (80.5%). The association between BTcP prevalence and other determinants such as publication year, age, gender, metastatic disease prevalence, or baseline pain intensity did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION In the context of a large between-studies heterogeneity, more than one in two patients with cancer pain also experiences BTcP, with some variability according to clinical and organizational variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Deandrea
- Center for the Evaluation and Research on Pain (CERP), IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri," Milan, Italy; Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria "G. A. Maccacaro,", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Oscar Corli
- Center for the Evaluation and Research on Pain (CERP), IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri," Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Consonni
- Unit of Epidemiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Walter Villani
- Center for the Evaluation and Research on Pain (CERP), IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri," Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Greco
- Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria "G. A. Maccacaro,", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Apolone
- Direzione Scientifica, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio-Emilia, Italy
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Ramos Gracia M, Catala Hortelano L, Sala Langa M, Gómez Sánchez D, Conejero Morant M, Saneugenio Gregori J. Intoxicación accidental por fentanilo intranasal. An Pediatr (Barc) 2014; 80:62-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Simon ST, Köskeroglu P, Gaertner J, Voltz R. Fentanyl for the relief of refractory breathlessness: a systematic review. J Pain Symptom Manage 2013; 46:874-86. [PMID: 23742735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fentanyl is a potent opioid that has been proven to provide effective treatment for breakthrough cancer pain. Although opioids are the only drug group with evidence for the symptomatic treatment of breathlessness, evidence about the efficacy of fentanyl for the relief of breathlessness is unknown. OBJECTIVES We performed a systematic review to evaluate the current evidence for the use of fentanyl for the relief of breathlessness. METHODS The review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendation for systematic reviews. Four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts) were screened using "fentanyl" and "dyspnoea" (and synonyms) as search terms. Hand search and contact with relevant authors completed the search. RESULTS A total of 622 references were retrieved, 13 of which met the inclusion criteria for this review. Two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluated fentanyl for breathlessness, but one only included two patients. The other studies were before-after (n = 2) and case studies (n = 9). All studies reported successful relief of breathlessness after fentanyl application, but the only (pilot-) RCT failed to demonstrate a statistically significant difference compared with placebo. The nature and incidence of adverse events were comparable with other opioids, and no respiratory depression was observed. CONCLUSION Descriptive studies yielded promising results for the use of fentanyl for the relief of breathlessness; however, efficacy trials are lacking. Fully powered RCTs are warranted to determine the efficacy of fentanyl for breathlessness relief, but these require pilot studies to evaluate effective size, study procedures, and outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen T Simon
- Center of Palliative Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit (BMBF 01KN1106), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Würdemann M, Christoffers J. Nitrile Oxide versus Nitrone - Switching Regioselectivity of Intramolecular 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions towards the Preparation of Aminopiperidinecarboxylates. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
Breakthrough cancer pain (BTCP) is defined as a transient exacerbation of pain that arises in patients with otherwise controlled persistent pain. BTCP typically has a rapid onset and relatively short duration, but it causes a significant amount of physical and psychological distress for patients. Several rapid-onset fentanyl formulations have been introduced in the USA to replace traditional oral opioids for the treatment of BTCP: a transmucosal lozenge, a sublingual orally disintegrating tablet, a buccal tablet, a buccal soluble film, a pectin nasal spray and, the newest formulation to enter the market, a sublingual spray. This article reviews the six rapid-onset formulations of fentanyl approved in the USA for the management of BTCP with emphasis on describing the published literature on fentanyl sublingual spray. The different fentanyl formulations vary in pharmacokinetic properties and ease of use, but all have a rapid onset and a relatively short duration of analgesia. Fentanyl sublingual spray has demonstrated absorption within 5 minutes of administration, with fentanyl plasma concentrations increasing over the first 30 minutes and remaining elevated for 60–90 minutes in pharmacokinetic studies in healthy subjects. Fentanyl sublingual spray shows linear dose proportionality, and changes in the temperature or acidity of the oral cavity do not alter its pharmacokinetic properties. In patients with BTCP, statistically significant pain relief is measurable at 5 minutes after administration of fentanyl sublingual spray, when compared with placebo, with significant pain relief lasting at least 60 minutes after administration. Adverse events are typical of opioid treatment and are considered mild to moderate in intensity. In summary, fentanyl sublingual spray provides rapid onset of analgesia and is a tolerable and effective treatment for BTCP.
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Simon ST, Higginson IJ, Benalia H, Gysels M, Murtagh FE, Spicer J, Bausewein C. Episodes of breathlessness: types and patterns - a qualitative study exploring experiences of patients with advanced diseases. Palliat Med 2013; 27:524-32. [PMID: 23486931 DOI: 10.1177/0269216313480255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the high prevalence and impact of episodic breathlessness, information about characteristics and patterns is scarce. AIM To explore the experience of patients with advanced disease suffering from episodic breathlessness, in order to describe types and patterns. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS Qualitative design using in-depth interviews with patients suffering from advanced stages of chronic heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer or motor neurone disease. As part of the interviews, patients were asked to draw a graph to illustrate typical patterns of breathlessness episodes. Interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using Framework Analysis. The graphs were grouped according to their patterns. RESULTS Fifty-one participants (15 chronic heart failure, 14 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 13 lung cancer and 9 motor neurone disease) were included (mean age 68.2 years, 30 of 51 men, mean Karnofsky 63.1, mean breathlessness intensity 3.2 of 10). Five different types of episodic breathlessness were described: triggered with normal level of breathlessness, triggered with predictable response (always related to trigger level, e.g. slight exertion causes severe breathlessness), triggered with unpredictable response (not related to trigger level), non-triggered attack-like (quick onset, often severe) and wave-like (triggered or non-triggered, gradual onset). Four patterns of episodic breathlessness could be identified based on the graphs with differences regarding onset and recovery of episodes. These did not correspond with the types of breathlessness described before. CONCLUSION Patients with advanced disease experience clearly distinguishable types and patterns of episodic breathlessness. The understanding of these will help clinicians to tailor specific management strategies for patients who suffer from episodes of breathlessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen T Simon
- Department of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation - WHO Collaborating Centre for Palliative Care and Older People, Cicely Saunders Institute, King's College London, London, UK.
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A survey of Canadian cancer patients’ perspectives on the characteristics and treatment of breakthrough pain. Support Care Cancer 2013; 21:2557-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-013-1817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bornemann-Cimenti H, Wejbora M, Szilagyi IS, Sandner-Kiesling A. Fentanyl for the treatment of tumor-related breakthrough pain. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2013; 110:271-7. [PMID: 23671467 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2013.0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breakthrough cancer pain (BTCP) is common among cancer patients and markedly lowers their quality of life. The treatment for BTCP episodes that is recommended in current guidelines involves extended-release formulations in combination with rapid-onset and short-acting opioids. In the past few years, several new preparations of fentanyl, an opioid with a very rapid onset, have been approved for this indication. Treating physicians need to be aware of the clinical differences between the newer fentanyl preparations and immediate-release opioids. METHODS We searched the PubMed and Embase databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of fentanyl for buccal, sublingual or intranasal administration in comparison with other opioids or a different fentanyl preparation for the treatment of BTCP. RESULTS In 6 trials of buccal, sublingual or intranasal fentanyl versus oral immediate-release opioids for the treatment of BTCP episodes, the use of fentanyl was associated with significantly less intense pain. In particular, fentanyl more often lowered the intensity of pain by at least 33% (range between studies: 13% to 57%) or by at least 50% (range between studies: 9% to 38%) within 15 minutes. Please change to "versus" if you agree.] Dose titration should begin at the lowest dose. When one fentanyl preparation is exchanged for another, the effective dose will probably differ. CONCLUSION The newer fentanyl preparations extend the treatment options for BTCP. They relieve pain within a short time better than conventional, immediate-release oral opioids do and may therefore be very helpful for patients with suddenly arising, intense, and short-lasting BTCP episodes. Further comparative trials are urgently needed.
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Optimal management of breakthrough cancer pain (BCP). Clin Transl Oncol 2012; 15:526-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-012-0981-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Simon ST, Niemand AM, Benalia H, Voltz R, Higginson IJ, Bausewein C. Acceptability and preferences of six different routes of drug application for acute breathlessness: a comparison study between the United Kingdom and Germany. J Palliat Med 2012; 15:1374-81. [PMID: 23094954 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2012.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioids are the drugs of choice for management of breathlessness in advanced disease, but acute episodic breathlessness remains difficult to manage. New routes of opioid applications with quicker onset of action seem attractive for the management of episodic breathlessness. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the acceptability and preference of different routes of opioid applications in patients suffering from breathlessness due to advanced disease. DESIGN The study consisted of structured face-to-face interviews with patients suffering from breathlessness due to lung cancer (LC), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic heart failure (CHF), and motor neurone disease (MND). Images and explanation were used to illustrate six application forms (oral, inhaled, sublingual, intranasal, buccal, transmucosal). RESULTS Participants numbered 119 (UK n=48, Germany n=71), 60% male, mean age 67.7 years (SD 9.9); 50% suffered from COPD. Inhaled was the most accepted (87%) and preferred (68%) route of application, followed by sublingual (45%/13%) and intranasal (42%/8%). The oral was least accepted (24%) and least preferred (9%) although nearly all participants had previous experiences with it (97%). Ratings were similar in both countries but different for preferences of sublingual (UK>Germany) and intranasal (Germany>UK). In general, participants from the UK rated more often "yes" for acceptability of all routes compared to Germany. CONCLUSION Inhaled was the most accepted and preferred route of application, but no route seemed to be acceptable to all patients. Therefore, individual patient preferences should be explored before drug prescription to enhance compliance and convenience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen T Simon
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Clavijo CF, Lynn RR, Christians U, Galinkin JL. Intranasal Fentanyl for Breakthrough Pain Control. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4137/cmt.s7298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Breakthrough pain (BTP) is experienced by approximately 65% of children and adults with chronic pain. Undiagnosed or untreated BTP produces negative emotional, physical, and economic consequences. BTP episodes have a rapid onset and short duration. Short acting oral opioids are the cornerstone of BTP management. Oral medications available to treat BTP episodes like immediate-release morphine or oxycodone have a delayed onset of action so that there is a mismatch between the episode of BTP and the effect of the oral opioids. Novel fentanyl delivery systems for BTP offer pharmacokinetic properties that match the time profile of BTP. Among the transmucosal routes, intranasal fentanyl has gained popularity due to its high bioavailability, rapid onset of action, high potency, short duration, and ease of administration. Its efficacy and safety have been demonstrated in adults who are opioid tolerant. Although children with chronic cancer pain also experience BTP, there is paucity of data on the use of intranasal fentanyl for BTP in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia F. Clavijo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rachael Rzasa Lynn
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Uwe Christians
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Galinkin
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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Seed SM, Dunican KC, Lynch AM, Desilets AR. An update in options for the treatment of pain: a review of new opioid formulations. Hosp Pract (1995) 2012; 40:166-75. [PMID: 22406892 DOI: 10.3810/hp.2012.02.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the past 2 decades, there has been a significant increase in the use of opioids for the management of chronic nonmalignant pain. This increase in usage has led to concerns of misuse and abuse of opioids. Also, many of the available opioid options were previously only available as oral tablets or capsules, further limiting treatment options for health care providers. Several new opioid formulations have been developed to address and prevent the misuse and abuse of opioids via tampering in the United States. In addition, alternative delivery systems have been developed to provide physicians with more options to provide adequate pain management for those with chronic pain. This article reviews new opioid options for the treatment of pain management and requirements of the Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila M Seed
- Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Worcester, MA 01608, USA.
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Abstract
The strategies used to manage children exposed to long-term opioids are extrapolated from adult literature. Opioid consumption during the perioperative period is more than three times that observed in patients not taking chronic opioids. A sparing use of opioids in the perioperative period results in both poor pain management and withdrawal phenomena. The child's pre-existing opioid requirement should be maintained, and acute pain associated with operative procedures should be managed with additional analgesia. This usually comprises short-acting opioids, regional or local anesthesia, and adjuvant therapies. Long-acting opioids, transdermal opioid patches, and implantable pumps can be used to maintain the regular opioid requirement. Intravenous infusion, nurse controlled analgesia, patient-controlled analgesia, or oral formulations are invaluable for supplemental requirements postoperatively. Effective management requires more than simply increasing opioid dose during this time. Collaboration of the child, family, and all teams involved is necessary. While chronic pain or palliative care teams and other staff experienced with the care of children suffering chronic pain may have helpful input, many pediatric hospitals do not have chronic pain teams, and many patients receiving long-term opioids are not palliative. Acute pain services are appropriate to deal with those on long-term opioids in the perioperative setting and do so successfully in many centers. Staff caring for such children in the perioperative period should be aware of the challenges these children face and be educated before surgery about strategies for postoperative management and discharge planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Geary
- Department of Anaesthesia, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
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