1
|
Barua SR, Das T, Rakib TM, Nath BK, Gupta SD, Sarker S, Chowdhury S, Raidal SR, Das S. Complete genome constellation of a dominant Bovine rotavirus genotype circulating in Bangladesh reveals NSP4 intragenic recombination with human strains. Virology 2024; 598:110195. [PMID: 39089050 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Rotavirus A is a leading cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis in humans and domesticated animals. Despite the vast diversity of bovine Rotavirus A strains documented in South Asian countries, there are very few whole genomes available for phylogenetic study. A cross-sectional study identified a high prevalence of the G6P[11] genotype of bovine Rotavirus A circulating in the commercial cattle population in Bangladesh. Next-generation sequencing and downstream phylogenetic analysis unveiled all 11 complete gene segments of this strain (BD_ROTA_CVASU), classifying it under the genomic constellation G6P[11]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A13-N2-T6-E2-H3, which belongs to a classical DS-1-like genomic backbone. We found strong evidence of intragenic recombination between human and bovine strains in the Non-structural protein 4 (NSP4) gene, which encodes a multifunctional enterotoxin. Our analyses highlight frequent zoonotic transmissions of rotaviruses in diverse human-animal interfaces, which might have contributed to the evolution and pathogenesis of this dominant genotype circulating in the commercial cattle population in Bangladesh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shama Ranjan Barua
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh; Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Bangladesh
| | - Tridip Das
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia
| | - Tofazzal Md Rakib
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Babu Kanti Nath
- Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia
| | - Suman Das Gupta
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia
| | - Subir Sarker
- Biomedical Sciences & Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD-4814, Australia
| | - Sharmin Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Shane R Raidal
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia
| | - Shubhagata Das
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhuo R, Freedman SB, Xie J, Charlton C, Plitt S, Croxen MA, Li V, Tarr GAM, Lee B, Ali S, Chui L, Luong J, Pang X. Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus among children in Western Canada: Dynamic changes in genotype prevalence in four consecutive seasons. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29028. [PMID: 37573569 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Rotavirus molecular surveillance remains important in the postvaccine era to monitor the changes in transmission patterns, identify vaccine-induced antigenic changes and discover potentially pathogenic vaccine-related strains. The Canadian province of Alberta introduced rotavirus vaccination into its provincial vaccination schedule in June 2015. To evaluate the impact of this program on stool rotavirus positivity rate, strain diversity, and seasonal trends, we analyzed a prospective cohort of children with acute gastroenteritis recruited between December 2014 and August 2018. We identified dynamic changes in rotavirus positivity and genotype trends during pre- and post-rotavirus vaccine introduction periods. Genotypes G9P[8], G1P[8], G2P[4], and G12P[8] predominated consecutively each season with overall lower rotavirus incidence rates in 2016 and 2017. The demographic and clinical features of rotavirus gastroenteritis were comparable among wild-type rotaviruses; however, children with G12P[8] infections were older (p < 0.001). Continued efforts to monitor changes in the molecular epidemiology of rotavirus using whole genome sequence characterization are needed to further understand the impact of the selection pressure of vaccination on rotavirus evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhuo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephen B Freedman
- Sections of Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jianling Xie
- Sections of Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carmen Charlton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sabrina Plitt
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mathew A Croxen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vincent Li
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gillian A M Tarr
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bonita Lee
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samina Ali
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Linda Chui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jasper Luong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiaoli Pang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Usman M, Ayub A, Habib S, Rana MS, Rehman Z, Zohaib A, Jamal SB, Jaiswal AK, Andrade BS, de Carvalho Azevedo V, Faheem M, Javed A. Vaccinomics Approach for Multi-Epitope Vaccine Design against Group A Rotavirus Using VP4 and VP7 Proteins. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:726. [PMID: 37112638 PMCID: PMC10144065 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus A is the most common cause of Acute Gastroenteritis globally among children <5 years of age. Due to a segmented genome, there is a high frequency of genetic reassortment and interspecies transmission which has resulted in the emergence of novel genotypes. There are concerns that monovalent (Rotarix: GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium) and pentavalent (RotaTeq: MERCK & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA) vaccines may be less effective against non-vaccine strains, which clearly shows the demand for the design of a vaccine that is equally effective against all circulating genotypes. In the present study, a multivalent vaccine was designed from VP4 and VP7 proteins of RVA. Epitopes were screened for antigenicity, allergenicity, homology with humans and anti-inflammatory properties. The vaccine contains four B-cell, three CTL and three HTL epitopes joined via linkers and an N-terminal RGD motif adjuvant. The 3D structure was predicted and refined preceding its docking with integrin. Immune simulation displayed promising results both in Asia and worldwide. In the MD simulation, the RMSD value varied from 0.2 to 1.6 nm while the minimum integrin amino acid fluctuation (0.05-0.1 nm) was observed with its respective ligand. Codon optimization was performed with an adenovirus vector in a mammalian expression system. The population coverage analysis showed 99.0% and 98.47% in South Asia and worldwide, respectively. These computational findings show potential against all RVA genotypes; however, in-vitro/in-vivo screening is essential to devise a meticulous conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Aaima Ayub
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sabahat Habib
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | | | - Zaira Rehman
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Ali Zohaib
- Department of Microbiology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Syed Babar Jamal
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan (M.F.)
| | - Arun Kumar Jaiswal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics (LGCM), PG Program in Bioinformatics, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Bruno Silva Andrade
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Chemistry, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Bahia 45083-900, Brazil
| | - Vasco de Carvalho Azevedo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics (LGCM), PG Program in Bioinformatics, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan (M.F.)
| | - Aneela Javed
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yandle Z, Gonzalez G, Carr M, Matthijnssens J, De Gascun C. A viral metagenomic protocol for nanopore sequencing of group A rotavirus. J Virol Methods 2023; 312:114664. [PMID: 36494024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Development of an unbiased methodology using Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) sequencing to obtain whole-genome sequences (WGS) of Rotavirus A (RVA) from clinical samples. METHODS 157 RVA qRT-PCR positive faecal samples were enriched by virus-like particle (VLP) purification and host nuclease digestion to enhance the detection of viral nucleic acids and cDNA generated as per the NetoVIR protocol. ONT sequencing was then performed using the ONT Native Barcoding kit (SQK-LSK-109) on the GridION platform. Data was basecalled, demultiplexed and assembled into near complete RVA genomes. The accuracy and quality of the obtained sequences was assessed by comparing to Sanger sequencing and RVA reference genomes. RESULTS The developed protocol generated 146 near-complete RVA WGS out of the 157 RVA-positive clinical samples. The quality of the assembled genomes was assessed by comparison against publicly-available sequences with results showing 98.76 % ± 0.03 % similarity and > 90 % genome coverage. A concordance assessment was performed comparing the identity of partial RVA VP7 and VP4 segments obtained by Sanger sequencing (n = 51) against corresponding nanopore sequences which demonstrated an overall identity of 100.0 % ± 0.02 %. CONCLUSIONS The nanopore protocol generated both high quality and accurate RVA WGS extracted from faecal samples. This protocol can be extended to other viral agents in other sample types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Yandle
- UCD National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Gabriel Gonzalez
- UCD National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan; Japan Initiative for World-leading Vaccine Research and Development Centers, Hokkaido University, Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Michael Carr
- UCD National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Jelle Matthijnssens
- Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cillian De Gascun
- UCD National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vetter V, Gardner RC, Debrus S, Benninghoff B, Pereira P. Established and new rotavirus vaccines: a comprehensive review for healthcare professionals. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:1870395. [PMID: 33605839 PMCID: PMC8920198 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1870395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Robust scientific evidence related to two rotavirus (RV) vaccines available worldwide demonstrates their significant impact on RV disease burden. Improving RV vaccination coverage may result in better RV disease control. To make RV vaccination accessible to all eligible children worldwide and improve vaccine effectiveness in high-mortality settings, research into new RV vaccines continues. Although current and in-development RV vaccines differ in vaccine design, their common goal is the reduction of RV disease risk in children <5 years old for whom disease burden is the most significant. Given the range of RV vaccines available, informed decision-making is essential regarding the choice of vaccine for immunization. This review aims to describe the landscape of current and new RV vaccines, providing context for the assessment of their similarities and differences. As data for new vaccines are limited, future investigations will be required to evaluate their performance/added value in a real-world setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volker Vetter
- Medical Affairs Department, GSK, Wavre, Belgium
- Vaccines R&D – Technical R&D, GSK, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Robert C. Gardner
- Medical Affairs Department, GSK, Wavre, Belgium
- Vaccines R&D – Technical R&D, GSK, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Serge Debrus
- Medical Affairs Department, GSK, Wavre, Belgium
- Vaccines R&D – Technical R&D, GSK, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Bernd Benninghoff
- Medical Affairs Department, GSK, Wavre, Belgium
- Vaccines R&D – Technical R&D, GSK, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Priya Pereira
- Medical Affairs Department, GSK, Wavre, Belgium
- Vaccines R&D – Technical R&D, GSK, Wavre, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rotavirus Strain Trends in United States, 2009–2016: Results from the National Rotavirus Strain Surveillance System (NRSSS). Viruses 2022; 14:v14081775. [PMID: 36016397 PMCID: PMC9414880 DOI: 10.3390/v14081775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Before the introduction of vaccines, group A rotaviruses (RVA) were the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. The National Rotavirus Strain Surveillance System (NRSSS) was established in 1996 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to perform passive RVA surveillance in the USA. We report the distribution of RVA genotypes collected through NRSSS during the 2009–2016 RVA seasons and retrospectively examine the genotypes detected through the NRSSS since 1996. During the 2009–2016 RVA seasons, 2134 RVA-positive fecal specimens were sent to the CDC for analysis of the VP7 and VP4 genes by RT-PCR genotyping assays and sequencing. During 2009–2011, RVA genotype G3P[8] dominated, while G12P[8] was the dominant genotype during 2012–2016. Vaccine strains were detected in 1.7% of specimens and uncommon/unusual strains, including equine-like G3P[8] strains, were found in 1.9%. Phylogenetic analyses showed limited VP7 and VP4 sequence variation within the common genotypes with 1–3 alleles/lineages identified per genotype. A review of 20 years of NRSSS surveillance showed two changes in genotype dominance, from G1P[8] to G3P[8] and then G3P[8] to G12P[8]. A better understanding of the long-term effects of vaccine use on epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of circulating RVA strains requires continued surveillance.
Collapse
|
7
|
Simsek C, Bloemen M, Jansen D, Beller L, Descheemaeker P, Reynders M, Van Ranst M, Matthijnssens J. High Prevalence of Coinfecting Enteropathogens in Suspected Rotavirus Vaccine Breakthrough Cases. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:e0123621. [PMID: 34586890 PMCID: PMC8601229 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01236-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the global use of rotavirus vaccines, vaccine breakthrough cases remain a pediatric health problem. In this study, we investigated suspected rotavirus vaccine breakthrough cases using next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based viral metagenomics (n = 102) and a panel of semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR) (n = 92) targeting known enteric pathogens. Overall, we identified coinfections in 80% of the cases. Enteropathogens such as adenovirus (32%), enterovirus (15%), diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (1 to 14%), astrovirus (10%), Blastocystis spp. (10%), parechovirus (9%), norovirus (9%), Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile (9%), Dientamoeba fragilis (9%), sapovirus (8%), Campylobacter jejuni (4%), and Giardia lamblia (4%) were detected. Except for a few reassortant rotavirus strains, unusual genotypes or genotype combinations were not present. However, in addition to well-known enteric viruses, divergent variants of enteroviruses and nonclassic astroviruses were identified using NGS. We estimated that in 31.5% of the patients, rotavirus was likely not the cause of gastroenteritis, and in 14.1% of the patients, it contributed together with another pathogen(s) to disease. The remaining 54.4% of the patients likely had a true vaccine breakthrough infection. The high prevalence of alternative enteropathogens in the suspected rotavirus vaccine breakthrough cases suggests that gastroenteritis is often the result of a coinfection and that rotavirus vaccine effectiveness might be underestimated in clinical and epidemiological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Simsek
- KU Leuven—University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mandy Bloemen
- KU Leuven—University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daan Jansen
- KU Leuven—University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Beller
- KU Leuven—University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Descheemaeker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Microbiology, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Marijke Reynders
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Microbiology, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Marc Van Ranst
- KU Leuven—University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jelle Matthijnssens
- KU Leuven—University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Degiuseppe JI, Stupka JA. Emergence of unusual rotavirus G9P[4] and G8P[8] strains during post vaccination surveillance in Argentina, 2017-2018. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021; 93:104940. [PMID: 34033946 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2015, Argentina included Rotarix™ monovalent vaccine for universal administration and it showed a sharp decline in all-cause and rotavirus-confirmed cases as well as an immediate predominance of the G2P[4] genotype. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of rotavirus vaccination on laboratory-confirmed cases and genotype distribution in Argentina following its introduction. MATERIAL AND METHODS Prevalence and seasonality of laboratory-confirmed rotavirus cases data were assessed. Analyses of circulating genotypes were performed by conventional binary characterization (G and P typing). Phylogenetic study of VP7 gene was performed from emergent unusual strains. RESULTS During 2017-2018, 1183 rotavirus cases (13.2%) were detected, and prevalence was uniform among different age subgroups. Weekly distribution showed a raise of confirmed cases around late July and early August. In 2017 the most frequently detected genotypes were G2P[4] and G3P[8]. However, in 2018 G12P[8] genotype increased and it was detected at a high rate. Noteworthy, the detection of uncommon G9P[4] and G8P[8] strains (bearing DS-1-like genetic backbones) was observed at moderate rates. DISCUSSION Following four years of universal vaccination, the prevalence of rotavirus remained low in children under 5 years of age with a shift of the seasonal peak in early spring. The emergence of uncommon genotypes was due to introduction of new strains rather than to reassortment of local strains. Continuous monitoring of rotavirus burden of disease and genotype distribution provides useful evidence to evaluate existing immunization strategies and to contribute in the development of new vaccines as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Degiuseppe
- Laboratorio de Gastroenteritis Virales, INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez Sársfield 563, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Juan Andrés Stupka
- Laboratorio de Gastroenteritis Virales, INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez Sársfield 563, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | -
- Laboratorio de Gastroenteritis Virales, INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez Sársfield 563, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yandle Z, Coughlan S, Dean J, Hare D, De Gascun CF. Indirect impact of rotavirus vaccination on viral causes of acute gastroenteritis in the elderly. J Clin Virol 2021; 137:104780. [PMID: 33647802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2021.104780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus is considered a childhood infection causing acute gastroenteritis however, it also causes disease in adults which may be underestimated due to less frequent testing in this age-group. OBJECTIVES To determine if paediatric rotavirus vaccination, introduced into Ireland in December 2016, affected the viral aetiology in those aged ≥65 yrs presenting with gastroenteritis in the pre- and post-vaccination years. Additionally, rotavirus genotypes in this age-group will be described. METHODS Faecal samples from 2015 to 2019 for the investigation of gastroenteritis were tested by real-time (RT-) PCR for norovirus, adenovirus, rotavirus, Rotarix, astrovirus and sapovirus. Rotaviruses were genotyped by multiplex real-time RT-PCR or hemi-nested RT-PCR and a proportion confirmed by sequencing. RESULTS 22,593 samples from adults aged ≥65 yrs were tested and 2566 (11 %) had ≥1 virus detected. Of 2566 positive samples, norovirus was detected in 82 %, rotavirus 9 %, sapovirus 6 %, astrovirus 3 % and adenovirus 1 %. Rotavirus and norovirus infections decreased between pre and post-vaccine year groups p < 0.001, whereas sapovirus, astrovirus and adenovirus remained unchanged. Between 2015-16 and 2018-19, G2P[4] increased and G4P[8] decreased, p < 0.001. In 2015-2019 there were 37 rotavirus outbreaks. Five geriatric outbreaks were genotyped and caused by G4P[8] (n = 1), G1P[8] (n = 1), G2P[4] (n = 2) and G12P[8] (n = 1). CONCLUSION Rotavirus causes acute gastroenteritis in older people. Paediatric vaccination may have contributed to a decline in infections in the elderly; nevertheless, rotavirus continued to circulate in older people following vaccine introduction. Genotype distribution changed between the pre- and post-vaccine era however genotypes in outbreak and endemic settings were comparable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Yandle
- UCD National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - S Coughlan
- UCD National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - J Dean
- UCD National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - D Hare
- UCD National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - C F De Gascun
- UCD National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kurenzvi L, Sebunya TK, Coetzee T, Paganotti GM, Teye MV. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia intestinalis and molecular characterization of group A rotavirus associated with diarrhea in children below five years old in Gaborone, Botswana. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 37:159. [PMID: 33425192 PMCID: PMC7757325 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.159.25392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cryptosporidium, Giardia and rotaviruses are amongst the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis in children ≤5 years worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence of Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia intestinalis and molecular characteristics of rotaviruses after Rotarix® introduction in Botswana. Methods in this case study, 200 diarrheic stool specimens and 100 control samples from children under five years old were collected between March and November, 2017. Samples were analyzed by modified Ziehl Neelsen staining technique for cryptosporidium, wet mount procedure for Giardia and negative samples were confirmed by immunochromatographic assay. Specimens were analyzed for rotavirus by ELISA, PAGE, RT-PCR, sequencing of VP7 and VP4 antigen followed by phylogenetic analysis. Results prevalence rates of 20.5%, 16.5% and 11.0% in diarrhea cases were observed for Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia intestinalis and rotavirus, respectively. Four percent of diarrheic specimens had multiple infections. The predominant rotavirus genotype was GIP[8] (7/15) followed by G2P[4] (2/15) and G3P[8] (1/15). Twenty percent of specimens were non-typeable. One mixed strain, G1+G2P[4,8] (2/15), was detected. Phylogenetic analysis of VP4 and VP7 sequences clustered Botswana rotavirus strains within G1 lineages 1 and 2, G3 lineage 1, P[8] lineage 3 and P[4] lineage 5 together with Southern African strains. Conclusion this study provides important information on occurrence and demographic risk groups for Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia intestinalis and rotavirus in young children as well as genetic diversity of rotaviruses after vaccine introduction in Botswana. Constant monitoring of circulating rotavirus strains is essential in assessing effectiveness of current vaccines in Botswana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lineage Kurenzvi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Teresa Kibirige Sebunya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Tidimalo Coetzee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Giacomo Maria Paganotti
- Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Mathias Vondee Teye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yandle Z, Coughlan S, Dean J, Tuite G, Conroy A, De Gascun CF. Group A Rotavirus Detection and Genotype Distribution before and after Introduction of a National Immunisation Programme in Ireland: 2015-2019. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060449. [PMID: 32517307 PMCID: PMC7350336 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunisation against rotavirus infection was introduced into Ireland in December 2016. We report on the viruses causing gastroenteritis before (2015–2016) and after (2017–2019) implementation of the Rotarix vaccine, as well as changes in the diversity of circulating rotavirus genotypes. Samples from patients aged ≤ 5 years (n = 11,800) were received at the National Virus Reference Laboratory, Dublin, and tested by real-time RT-PCR for rotavirus, Rotarix, norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus, and enteric adenovirus. Rotavirus genotyping was performed either by multiplex or hemi-nested RT-PCR, and a subset was characterised by sequence analysis. Rotavirus detection decreased by 91% in children aged 0–12 months between 2015/16 and 2018/19. Rotarix was detected in 10% of those eligible for the vaccine and was not found in those aged >7 months. Rotavirus typically peaks in March–May, but following vaccination, the seasonality became less defined. In 2015–16, G1P[8] was the most common genotype circulating; however, in 2019 G2P[4] was detected more often. Following the introduction of Rotarix, a reduction in numbers of rotavirus infections occurred, coinciding with an increase in genotype diversity, along with the first recorded detection of an equine-like G3 strain in Ireland.
Collapse
|
12
|
Degiuseppe JI, Stupka JA. Genotype distribution of Group A rotavirus in children before and after massive vaccination in Latin America and the Caribbean: Systematic review. Vaccine 2019; 38:733-740. [PMID: 31771863 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last decade, most of Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) countries have implemented oral live rotavirus vaccines in their national vaccination programs with remarkable results. However, it has been suggested that massive vaccination could lead to the replacement of circulating genotypes or the emergence of new variants or neutralizing antibodies escape mutants, which may reduce the effectiveness of the vaccine. The objective was to analyze the genetic diversity of Group A rotavirus before and after the introduction of universal vaccination in LAC. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of studies published in PubMed, Scielo and LILACS. There were considered only LAC countries with rotavirus massive vaccination strategy which had described circulating genotypes data in children under 5 years of age, either for surveillance or vaccine effectiveness purposes, from 2001 to 2017. Systematic review stages were carried out following the recommendations of PRISMA. RESULTS Of the 18 countries that included any of the two licensed rotavirus vaccines in their national schedules since 2006, only 7 (~39%) presented studies of RVA genetic diversity before and after implementation, and met the inclusion criteria. Four of them (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Nicaragua) experienced a rapid switch from Wa-like to DS-1-like strains. Also, G1P[8] association, considered the most predominant worldwide in the pre-vaccination era, decreased significantly and was only frequently detected in Venezuela and Nicaragua. No defined pattern of emergence at high frequencies of unusual associations was observed in the post vaccination period, except for some evidence of G9P[4] in Colombia, G3P[6] and G1P[4] in Nicaragua. CONCLUSIONS Even though the evidence shows a DS-1-like change trend, data from studies conducted in Latin America and the Caribbean are diverse and still not sufficient to assess the impact of vaccines on viral ecology or if genetic diversity is influenced by natural mechanisms of fluctuation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Degiuseppe
- Laboratory of Viral Gastroenteritis, INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Avenida Vélez Sársfield 563, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Juan Andrés Stupka
- Laboratory of Viral Gastroenteritis, INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Avenida Vélez Sársfield 563, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Islamuddin M, Khan WH, Gupta S, Tiku VR, Khan N, Akdag AI, Chaudhary S, Upadhyay A, Kumar P, Ghatwala G, Ray P. Surveillance and genetic characterization of rotavirus strains circulating in four states of North Indian children. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 62:253-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
14
|
Emergence of Human G2P[4] Rotaviruses in the Post-vaccination Era in South Korea: Footprints of Multiple Interspecies Re-assortment Events. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6011. [PMID: 29662148 PMCID: PMC5902508 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
After the introduction of two global rotavirus vaccines, RotaTeq in 2007 and Rotarix in 2008 in South Korea, G1[P8] rotavirus was the major rotavirus genotype in the country until 2012. However, in this study, an emergence of G2P[4] as the dominant genotype during the 2013 to 2015 season has been reported. Genetic analysis revealed that these viruses had typical DS-1-like genotype constellation and showed evidence of re-assortment in one or more genome segments, including the incorporation of NSP4 genes from strains B-47/2008 from a cow and R4/Haryana/2007 from a buffalo in India, and the VP1 and VP3 genes from strain GO34/1999 from a goat in Bangladesh. Compared to the G2 RotaTeq vaccine strain, 17–24 amino acid changes, specifically A87T, D96N, S213D, and S242N substitutions in G2 epitopes, were observed. These results suggest that multiple interspecies re-assortment events might have contributed to the emergence of G2P[4] rotaviruses in the post-vaccination era in South Korea.
Collapse
|
15
|
Khandoker N, Thongprachum A, Takanashi S, Okitsu S, Nishimura S, Kikuta H, Yamamoto A, Sugita K, Baba T, Kobayashi M, Hayakawa S, Mizuguchi M, Ushijima H. Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Japan during 2014-2015: Characterization of re-emerging G2P[4] after rotavirus vaccine introduction. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1040-1046. [PMID: 29488230 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus vaccines have been available in Japan since 2011. This study conducted to monitor the trend of group A rotavirus (RVA) genotypes 3 years after vaccine introduction. A total of, 539 fecal samples were collected from children with acute gastroenteritis in six regions during July 2014-June 2015. Among them, 178 samples (33.0%) were positive for RVA. The most predominant genotype was G1P[8] (35.9%) followed by G2P[4] (26.4%), G9P[8] (21.3%), G3P[8] (4.5%), and G3P[9] (4.5%). The detection rate of G2P[4] was increased soon after vaccine introduction. Sequence analyses of VP7 and VP4 genes of the representative G2P[4] strains were found to be clustered in sub-lineage IVa of lineage IV. It is noteworthy that one amino acid substitution in the antigenic epitope (Q114P) of VP4 gene was found in representative G2P[4] strains of the current study. However, it is unclear whether the change in antigenic epitope is due to the effect of vaccination or due to natural variation, warranting further continuous monitoring of rotavirus evolution after vaccine introduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Khandoker
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aksara Thongprachum
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Takanashi
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Okitsu
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nishimura
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kikuta
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Yamamoto
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Sugita
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuneyoshi Baba
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kobayashi
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hayakawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizuguchi
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ushijima
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rotavirus A strains obtained from children with acute gastroenteritis in Mozambique, 2012-2013: G and P genotypes and phylogenetic analysis of VP7 and partial VP4 genes. Arch Virol 2017; 163:153-165. [PMID: 29052059 PMCID: PMC5756281 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In Mozambique rotavirus (RV) was shown to be the greatest cause of acute diarrhoea in infants from 0 to 11 months, and in 2015, national rotavirus vaccination was introduced. As with other developing countries, there is very limited active strain characterisation. Rotavirus positive clinical specimens, collected between 2012 and 2013, have now provided information on the genotypes circulating in southern Mozambique prior to vaccine introduction. Genotypes G2 (32.4%), G12 (28.0%), P[4] (41.4%) and P[6] (22.9%) (n = 157) strains were commonly detected with G2P[4] (42.3%) RVs being predominant, specifically during 2013. Phylogenetic evaluation of the VP7 and VP8* encoding genes showed, for the majority of the Mozambican strains, that they clustered with other African strains based on genotype. RVA/Human-wt/MOZ/0153/2013/G2P[4], RVA/Human-wt/MOZ/0308/2012/G2P[4] and RVA/Human-wt/MOZ/0288/2012/G12P[8] formed separate clusters from the other Mozambican strains with similar genotypes, suggesting possible reassortment. Amino acid substitutions in selected epitope regions also supported phylogenetic clustering. As expected, the VP7 and VP8* genes from the Mozambican strains differed from both the RotaTeq® (SC2-9) G2P[5] and Rotarix® (A41CB052A) G1P[8] genes. This study provides information on the genetic diversity of rotavirus strains prior to vaccine introduction and generates baseline data for future monitoring of any changes in rotavirus strains in response to vaccine pressure.
Collapse
|
17
|
Saluja T, Palkar S, Misra P, Gupta M, Venugopal P, Sood AK, Dhati RM, Shetty A, Dhaded SM, Agarkhedkar S, Choudhury A, Kumar R, Balasubramanian S, Babji S, Adhikary L, Dupuy M, Chadha SM, Desai F, Kukian D, Patnaik BN, Dhingra MS. Live attenuated tetravalent (G1-G4) bovine-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine (BRV-TV): Randomized, controlled phase III study in Indian infants. Vaccine 2017; 35:3575-3581. [PMID: 28536027 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus remains the leading cause of diarrhoea among children <5years. We assessed immunogenic non-inferiority of a tetravalent bovine-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine (BRV-TV) over the licensed human-bovine pentavalent rotavirus vaccine RV5. METHODS Phase III single-blind study (parents blinded) in healthy infants randomized (1:1) to receive three doses of BRV-TV or RV5 at 6-8, 10-12, and 14-16weeks of age. All concomitantly received a licensed diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine (DTwP-HepB-Hib) and oral polio vaccine (OPV). Immunogenic non-inferiority was evaluated in terms of the inter-group difference in anti-rotavirus serum IgA seroresponse (primary endpoint), and seroprotection/seroresponse rates to DTwP-HepB-Hib and OPV vaccines. Seroresponse was defined as a ≥4-fold increase in titers from baseline to D28 post-dose 3. Non-inferiority was declared if the difference between groups (based on the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval [CI]) was above -10%. Each subject was evaluated for solicited adverse events 7days and unsolicited & serious adverse events 28days following each dose of vaccination. RESULTS Of 1195 infants screened, 1182 were randomized (590 to BRV-TV; 592 to RV5). Non-inferiority for rotavirus serum IgA seroresponse was not established: BRV-TV, 47.1% (95%CI: 42.8; 51.5) versus RV5, 61.2% (95%CI: 56.8; 65.5); difference between groups, -14.08% (95%CI: -20.4; -7.98). Serum IgA geometric mean concentrations at D28 post-dose 3 were 28.4 and 50.1U/ml in BRV-TV and RV5 groups, respectively. For all DTwP-HepB-Hib and OPV antigens, seroprotection/seroresponse was elicited in both groups and the -10% non-inferiority criterion between groups was met. There were 16 serious adverse events, 10 in BRV-TV group and 6 in RV5 group; none were classified as vaccine related. Both groups had similar vaccine safety profiles. CONCLUSION BRV-TV was immunogenic but did not meet immunogenic non-inferiority criteria to RV5 when administered concomitantly with routine pediatric antigens in infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Saluja
- Shantha Biotechnics Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, India.
| | - Sonali Palkar
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Puneet Misra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sharad Agarkhedkar
- Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College & Research Center, Pune, India
| | | | - Ramesh Kumar
- Pt. Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - Sundaram Balasubramanian
- Kanchi Kamakoti Child Trust Hospital & The Child Trust Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Sudhir Babji
- Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | - Forum Desai
- Shantha Biotechnics Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Patel M, Pedreira C, De Oliveira LH, Tate J, Leshem E, Mercado J, Umaña J, Balmaceda A, Reyes M, Kerin T, McDonald S, Gentsch J, Bowen MD, Parashar U. Effectiveness of Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine Against a Diverse Range of Circulating Strains in Nicaragua. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 62 Suppl 2:S127-32. [PMID: 27059346 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because >60 rotavirus strains have been reported worldwide, concerns exist about strain replacement after the introduction of rotavirus vaccines, particularly in developing countries with diverse strains and lower efficacy. METHODS We used the case-control design in 4 hospitals in Nicaragua to assess strain-specific vaccine effectiveness (VE) of a pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq) against rotavirus diarrhea. Cases were identified through prospective strain surveillance with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for 3 years among children hospitalized for diarrhea, and controls were children negative for rotavirus. RESULTS We enrolled 1178 case-patients, 1082 (92%) with G and P typing, and 4927 controls. A different strain predominated each year with increasing age of the vaccine-eligible cohort during the study period: G2P[4] in 2008 (97%; mean age, 11.9 months), G1P[8] in 2009 (55%; mean age, 17.0 months), and G3P[8] in 2010 (78%; mean age, 17.3 months). Overall VE was 45% (95% confidence interval, 25%-59%). Regardless of the strain, VE estimates were 12%-79% lower among children aged ≥12 months relative to those 6-11 months of age. The lower VE for G3P[8] was related to the higher mean age of cases (17.3 months) compared with the G2P[4] strains (11.9 months), with a significant trend (R(2)= 0.819;P< .001) of declining effectiveness with increasing mean age of the cases. CONCLUSIONS Introduction of RotaTeq did not result in sustained emergence of any particular strain in Nicaragua. Variation in strain-specific effectiveness was due to an age-related decline in effectiveness rather than differences in protection against the observed strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Patel
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Jacqueline Tate
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eyal Leshem
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | | | | | - Tara Kerin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sharla McDonald
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jon Gentsch
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael D Bowen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Umesh Parashar
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bowen MD, Mijatovic-Rustempasic S, Esona MD, Teel EN, Gautam R, Sturgeon M, Azimi PH, Baker CJ, Bernstein DI, Boom JA, Chappell J, Donauer S, Edwards KM, Englund JA, Halasa NB, Harrison CJ, Johnston SH, Klein EJ, McNeal MM, Moffatt ME, Rench MA, Sahni LC, Selvarangan R, Staat MA, Szilagyi PG, Weinberg GA, Wikswo ME, Parashar UD, Payne DC. Rotavirus Strain Trends During the Postlicensure Vaccine Era: United States, 2008-2013. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:732-8. [PMID: 27302190 PMCID: PMC5075963 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are a significant cause of pediatric gastroenteritis worldwide. The New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) has conducted active surveillance for RVA at pediatric hospitals and emergency departments at 3-7 geographically diverse sites in the United States since 2006. METHODS Over 6 consecutive years, from 2008 to 2013, 1523 samples from NVSN sites that were tested positive by a Rotaclone enzyme immunoassay were submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for genotyping. RESULTS In the 2009, 2010, and 2011 seasons, genotype G3P[8] was the predominant genotype throughout the network, with a 46%-84% prevalence. In the 2012 season, G12P[8] replaced G3P[8] as the most common genotype, with a 70% prevalence, and this trend persisted in 2013 (68.0% prevalence). Vaccine (RotaTeq; Rotarix) strains were detected in 0.6%-3.4% of genotyped samples each season. Uncommon and unusual strains (eg, G8P[4], G3P[24], G2P[8], G3P[4], G3P[6], G24P[14], G4P[6], and G9P[4]) were detected sporadically over the study period. Year, study site, and race were found to be significant predictors of genotype. CONCLUSIONS Continued active surveillance is needed to monitor RVA genotypes in the United States and to detect potential changes since vaccine licensure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Bowen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Mathew D Esona
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Rashi Gautam
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Carol J Baker
- Texas Children's Hospital Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Julie A Boom
- Texas Children's Hospital Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - James Chappell
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mary E Moffatt
- Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Marcia A Rench
- Texas Children's Hospital Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Mary A Staat
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio
| | | | | | - Mary E Wikswo
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Daniel C Payne
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Al-Ayed MSZ, Asaad AM, Qureshi MA, Hawan AA. Epidemiology of group A rotavirus infection after the introduction of monovalent vaccine in the National Immunization Program of Saudi Arabia. J Med Virol 2016; 89:429-434. [PMID: 27531633 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of group A rotavirus (RVA) gastroenteritis and the distribution of the RVA genotypes as well as to determine a possible change in the age of occurrence of the RVA infection in the first 2 years after Rotarix® vaccine introduction in Saudi Arabia. This descriptive study included 850 hospitalized children <5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis (AG) between October 2013 and September 2015. Overall, 78 (9.2%) children were positive for RVA during the study period with a positivity rate ranging from 11.3% in the first year of the study to 6.8% in the second year. G1 (47.4%) was the predominant G type, followed by G2 (28.2%) and G9 (10.3%). The most common P type was P[8] (69.2%) followed by P[4] (25.6%). The decrease in the prevalence of G1P[8] from 51% to 37.1% was associated with an increase in the prevalence of G2P[4] from 21.6% to 33.3% during the 2-year study period. This study demonstrated a significant decrease in the prevalence of RVA-AG cases in the first 2-year period after vaccine introduction, especially in the age group between 1 and 12 months, and a reduction in the circulation of G1P[6]. The parallel rise and spread of G2P[4] in post-vaccination period might pose an impact to long-term vaccine efficacy. Continued surveillance studies in different Saudi regions are crucial to document the effectiveness of Rotarix® vaccine and evaluate the potential emergence of rare/novel RVA genotypes. J. Med. Virol. 89:429-434, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Morad Asaad
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ansar Qureshi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Santos VS, Marques DP, Martins-Filho PRS, Cuevas LE, Gurgel RQ. Effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines against rotavirus infection and hospitalization in Latin America: systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect Dis Poverty 2016; 5:83. [PMID: 27514855 PMCID: PMC4982225 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-016-0173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rotavirus was the leading cause of childhood diarrhoea-related hospitalisations and death before the introduction of rotavirus vaccines. Methods We describe the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines to prevent rotavirus infections and hospitalizations and the main rotavirus strains circulating before and after vaccine introduction through a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published between 1990 and 2014. 203 studies were included to estimate the proportion of infections due to rotavirus and 10 to assess the impact of the vaccines. 41 of 46 studies in the post-vaccination period were used for meta-analysis of genotypes, 20 to calculate VE against infection, eight for VE against hospitalisation and seven for VE against severe rotavirus-diarrhoea. Results 24.3 % (95 % CI 22.1–26.5) and 16.1 % (95 % CI 13.2–19.3) of cases of diarrhoea were due to rotavirus before and after vaccine introduction, respectively. The most prevalent G types after vaccine introduction were G2 (51.6 %, 95 % CI 38–65), G9 (14.5 %, 95 % CI 7–23) and G1 (14.2 %, 95 % CI 7–23); while the most prevalent P types were P[4] (54.1 %, 95 % CI 41–67) and P[8] (33 %, 95 % CI 22–46). G2P[4] was the most frequent genotype combination after vaccine introduction. Effectiveness was 53 % (95 % CI 46–60) against infection, 73 % (95 % CI, 66–78) against hospitalisation and 74 % (95 % CI, 68.0–78.0) against severe diarrhoea. Reductions in hospitalisations and mortality due to diarrhoea were observed in countries that adopted universal rotavirus vaccination. Conclusions Rotavirus vaccines are effective in preventing rotavirus-diarrhoea in children in Latin America. The vaccines were associated with changes in genotype distribution. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0173-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor S Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Rua Cláudio Batista s/n, Aracaju, Sergipe, Zip code: 49060-108, Brazil.
| | - Daniella P Marques
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Paulo R S Martins-Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Rua Cláudio Batista s/n, Aracaju, Sergipe, Zip code: 49060-108, Brazil.,Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Luis E Cuevas
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ricardo Q Gurgel
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Rua Cláudio Batista s/n, Aracaju, Sergipe, Zip code: 49060-108, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cuffia VI, Díaz Ariza MDC, Silvera A, Sabini LI, Cordoba PA. Comparison of Antigenic Dominants of VP7 in G9 and G1 Rotavirus Strains Circulating in La Rioja, Argentina, with the Vaccine Strains. Viral Immunol 2016; 29:367-71. [DOI: 10.1089/vim.2015.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria I. Cuffia
- Laboratorio 1, Departamento de Investigación, IUCS, Fundación Barceló H.A. Sede La Rioja, La Rioja, Argentina
| | - María del Carmen Díaz Ariza
- Laboratorio 1, Departamento de Investigación, IUCS, Fundación Barceló H.A. Sede La Rioja, La Rioja, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Silvera
- Laboratorio 1, Departamento de Investigación, IUCS, Fundación Barceló H.A. Sede La Rioja, La Rioja, Argentina
| | - Liliana I. Sabini
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Patricia A. Cordoba
- Laboratorio 1, Departamento de Investigación, IUCS, Fundación Barceló H.A. Sede La Rioja, La Rioja, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Rioja, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mandal P, Mullick S, Nayak MK, Mukherjee A, Ganguly N, Niyogi P, Panda S, Chawla-Sarkar M. Complete genotyping of unusual species A rotavirus G12P[11] and G10P[14] isolates and evidence of frequent in vivo reassortment among the rotaviruses detected in children with diarrhea in Kolkata, India, during 2014. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2773-85. [PMID: 27447463 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2969-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Species A rotaviruses (RVA) are the most important cause of acute gastroenteritis in the young of humans and many animal species globally. G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8], G9P[6/8] and G12P[6/8] are the predominantly isolated genotypes throughout the world including India. Unusual genotypes from different host species such as G5, G6, G8, G10 and G11 have also been reported in humans with low frequency. In the present study, among >650 RVA positive stool samples collected from children with diarrhea in Kolkata, India, during 2014, two isolates each of the genotype G12P[11] and G10P[14] were obtained and their genomes completely sequenced. The full genotype constellations were G12-P[11]-I1-R1-C1-M2-A1-N1-T2-E1-H1 and G12-P[11]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A5-N1-T1-E1-H1 for G12P[11] viruses, suggesting several reassortments between Wa- and DS-1-like human RVA strains, including possible reassortment of a simian NSP1 gene. The G10P[14] viruses (G10-P[14]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A11-N2-T6-E2-H3) were found to contain multiple genes closely related to RVAs of artiodactyl origin, highlighting the role of inter-host species transmissions of RVAs. From the G/P constellation of all RVA isolates, it could be concluded that approximately one quarter had likely arisen from reassortment events in vivo among RVAs of 'usual' genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulami Mandal
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Satarupa Mullick
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Mukti Kant Nayak
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Anupam Mukherjee
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | | | | | - Samiran Panda
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Mamta Chawla-Sarkar
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 C.I.T. Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hungerford D, Vivancos R, Read JM, Pitzer VE, Cunliffe N, French N, Iturriza-Gómara M. In-season and out-of-season variation of rotavirus genotype distribution and age of infection across 12 European countries before the introduction of routine vaccination, 2007/08 to 2012/13. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:30106. [PMID: 26794258 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.2.30106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The EuroRotaNet surveillance network has conducted rotavirus genotype surveillance since 2007 in 16 European countries. Using epidemiological and microbiological data from 39,786 genotyped rotavirus-positive specimens collected between September 2007 and August 2013, we assessed genotype distribution and age distribution of rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) cases in and out of peak season in 12 countries which were yet to implement routine rotavirus vaccination. In multinomial multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for year, country and age, the odds of infection caused by genotype-constellation 2 DS-1-like stains (adjusted multinomial odds ratio (aM-OR) = 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13-1.37; p < 0.001), mixed or untypable genotypes (aM-OR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.40-1.72; p < 0.001) and less common genotypes (aM-OR = 2.11; 95% CI:1.78-2.51; p < 0.001) increased out of season relative to G1P[8]. Age varied significantly between seasons; the proportion of RVGE cases younger than 12 months in the United Kingdom increased from 34% in season to 39% out of season (aM-OR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.20-2.30), and the proportion five years and older increased from 9% in season to 17% out of season (aM-OR = 2.53; 95% CI: 1.67-3.82). This study provides further understanding of the rotavirus ecology before vaccine introduction, which will help interpret epidemiological changes in countries introducing or expanding rotavirus vaccination programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hungerford
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abdel-Haq N, Amjad M, McGrath E, Salimnia H, Fairfax M, Asmar BI. Rotavirus infections in Detroit, USA, a region of low vaccine prevalence. Virusdisease 2016; 27:179-82. [PMID: 27366769 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-016-0309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
After a sharp drop of rotavirus (RV) infections at Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, USA in 2010 season, we noted an increase in the number of cases during the 2011 season including some RV vaccine (RVV) recipients. This study was conducted to determine the circulating genotypes during 2011 season and whether the increase in RV diarrhea was caused by replacement genotypes. G and P genotypes were determined by RT PCR and nucleotide sequencing of selected strains was performed. The vaccination rate among study patients was 24 %. RV strains from 68 stool samples were genotyped including 18 from vaccinated children and 50 from unvaccinated children. The predominant G genotype was G1 (58.8 %) followed by G9 (17.7 %) and G4 (15.5 %). P[8] was the predominant P genotype (68 %) followed by P[6] (17.6 %) and P[4] (3 %). All G9 strains were associated with P[6]. The most prevalent G-P combination was G1P[8] (56 %), followed by G9P[6] (17.6 %). Similar proportions of RV genotypes were found among vaccinated and unvaccinated children. Our local data suggest that 5 years after the introduction of RVV there has been no genotype replacement. Although a small increase in G9P[6] frequency was noted, G1P[8] remained the predominant strain of RV in our inner city community in the Midwestern USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Abdel-Haq
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI 48201 USA ; Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV USA
| | - Eric McGrath
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI 48201 USA ; Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA
| | - Hossein Salimnia
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA ; Detroit Medical Center University Laboratories, Detroit, MI USA
| | - Marilynn Fairfax
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA ; Detroit Medical Center University Laboratories, Detroit, MI USA
| | - Basim I Asmar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI 48201 USA ; Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pitzer VE, Bilcke J, Heylen E, Crawford FW, Callens M, De Smet F, Van Ranst M, Zeller M, Matthijnssens J. Did Large-Scale Vaccination Drive Changes in the Circulating Rotavirus Population in Belgium? Sci Rep 2015; 5:18585. [PMID: 26687288 PMCID: PMC4685644 DOI: 10.1038/srep18585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination can place selective pressures on viral populations, leading to changes in the distribution of strains as viruses evolve to escape immunity from the vaccine. Vaccine-driven strain replacement is a major concern after nationwide rotavirus vaccine introductions. However, the distribution of the predominant rotavirus genotypes varies from year to year in the absence of vaccination, making it difficult to determine what changes can be attributed to the vaccines. To gain insight in the underlying dynamics driving changes in the rotavirus population, we fitted a hierarchy of mathematical models to national and local genotype-specific hospitalization data from Belgium, where large-scale vaccination was introduced in 2006. We estimated that natural- and vaccine-derived immunity was strongest against completely homotypic strains and weakest against fully heterotypic strains, with an intermediate immunity amongst partially heterotypic strains. The predominance of G2P[4] infections in Belgium after vaccine introduction can be explained by a combination of natural genotype fluctuations and weaker natural and vaccine-induced immunity against infection with strains heterotypic to the vaccine, in the absence of significant variation in strain-specific vaccine effectiveness against disease. However, the incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis is predicted to remain low despite vaccine-driven changes in the distribution of genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia E Pitzer
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.,Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joke Bilcke
- Centre for Health Economics Research &Modeling of Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Heylen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Forrest W Crawford
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Michael Callens
- National Alliance of Christian Sickness Funds, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank De Smet
- National Alliance of Christian Sickness Funds, Brussels, Belgium.,KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Van Ranst
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark Zeller
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jelle Matthijnssens
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Leshem E, Parashar U. Use of Surveillance Data to Assess the Impact of Vaccination on Circulating Rotavirus Strains. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2015; 4:e90-2. [PMID: 26582888 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piu114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Leshem
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Umesh Parashar
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chung JY, Kim MS, Jung TW, Kim SJ, Kang JH, Han SB, Kim SY, Rhim JW, Kim HM, Park JH, Jo DS, Ma SH, Jeong HS, Cheon DS, Kim JH. Detection of Rotavirus Genotypes in Korea 5 Years after the Introduction of Rotavirus Vaccines. J Korean Med Sci 2015; 30:1471-5. [PMID: 26425045 PMCID: PMC4575937 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2015.30.10.1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) is one of the most important viral etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children. Although effective RV vaccines (RVVs) are now used worldwide, novel genotypes and outbreaks resulting from rare genotype combinations have emerged. This study documented RV genotypes in a Korean population of children with AGE 5 yr after the introduction of RVV and assessed potential genotype differences based on vaccination status or vaccine type. Children less than 5-yr-old diagnosed with AGE between October 2012 and September 2013 admitted to 9 medical institutions from 8 provinces in Korea were prospectively enrolled. Stool samples were tested for RV by enzyme immunoassay and genotyped by multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. In 346 patients, 114 (32.9%) were RV-positive. Among them, 87 (76.3%) patients were infected with RV alone. Eighty-six of 114 RV-positive stool samples were successfully genotyped, and their combinations of genotypes were G1P[8] (36, 41.9%), G2P[4] (12, 14.0%), and G3P[8] (6, 7.0%). RV was detected in 27.8% of patients in the vaccinated group and 39.8% in the unvaccinated group (P=0.035). Vaccination history was available for 67 of 86 cases with successfully genotyped RV-positive stool samples; RotaTeq (20, 29.9%), Rotarix (7, 10.4%), unvaccinated (40, 59.7%). The incidence of RV AGE is lower in the RV-vaccinated group compared to the unvaccinated group with no evidence of substitution with unusual genotype combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanggyepaik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Sung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Tae Woong Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seong Joon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jin-Han Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Beom Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Yong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jung Woo Rhim
- Department of Pediatrics, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hwang-Min Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Dae Sun Jo
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sang Hyuk Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Changwon Fatima Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Hye-Sook Jeong
- Division of Vaccine Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Doo-Sung Cheon
- Division of Vaccine Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Guerra SF, Linhares AC, Mascarenhas JDP, Oliveira A, Justino MCA, Soares LS, Müller EC, Brasil P, Tuboi S, Ortega-Barria E, Colindres R. Rotavirus strain surveillance for three years following the introduction of rotavirus vaccine into Belém, Brazil. J Med Virol 2015; 87:1303-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luana S. Soares
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat; Belém Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Brasil
- Clinical Research Institute Evandro Chagas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mullick S, Mandal P, Nayak MK, Ghosh S, De P, Rajendran K, Bhattacharya MK, Mitra U, Ramamurthy T, Kobayashi N, Chawla-Sarkar M. Hospital based surveillance and genetic characterization of rotavirus strains in children (<5 years) with acute gastroenteritis in Kolkata, India, revealed resurgence of G9 and G2 genotypes during 2011-2013. Vaccine 2015; 32 Suppl 1:A20-8. [PMID: 25091674 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION India accounts for an estimated 457,000-884,000 hospitalizations and 2 million outpatient visits for diarrhea. In spite of the huge burden of rotavirus (RV) disease, RV vaccines have not been introduced in national immunization programme of India. Therefore, continuous surveillance for prevalence and monitoring of the circulating genotypes is needed to assess the disease burden prior to introduction of vaccines in this region. METHODS During January 2011 through December 2013, 830 and 1000 stool samples were collected from hospitalized and out-patient department (OPD) patients, respectively, in two hospitals in Kolkata, Eastern India. After primary screening, the G-P typing was done by multiplex semi-nested PCR using type specific primers followed by sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis for the VP7 gene of 25 representative strains was done. RESULTS Among hospitalized and OPD patients, 53.4% and 47.5% cases were positive for rotaviruses, respectively. Unlike previous studies where G1 was predominant, in hospitalized cases G9 rotavirus strains were most prevalent (40%), followed by G2 (39.6%) whereas G1 and G12 occurred at 16.4% and 5.6% frequency. In OPD cases, the most prevalent strain was G2 (40.3%), followed by G1, G9 and G12 at 25.5%, 22.8%, 9.3%, respectively. Phylogenetically the G1, G2 and G9 strains from Kolkata did not cluster with corresponding genotypes of Rotarix, RotaTeq and Rotavac (116E) vaccine strains. CONCLUSION The study highlights the high prevalence of RV in children with gastroenteritis in Kolkata. The circulating genotypes have changed over the time with predominance of G9 and G2 strains during 2011-2013. The current G2, G9 and G1 Kolkata strains shared low amino acid homologies with current vaccine strains. Although there is substantial evidence for cross protection of vaccines against a variety of strains, still the strain variation should be monitored post vaccine introduction to determine if it has any impact on vaccine effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satarupa Mullick
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Paulami Mandal
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Mukti Kant Nayak
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Papiya De
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - K Rajendran
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Utpala Mitra
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tort LFL, Victoria M, Lizasoain A A, Castells M, Maya L, Gómez MM, Arreseigor E, López P, Cristina J, Leite JPG, Colina R. Molecular epidemiology of group a rotavirus among children admitted to hospital in Salto, Uruguay, 2011-2012: First detection of the emerging genotype G12. J Med Virol 2015; 87:754-63. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matías Victoria
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, North Regional; University of Republic; Salto Uruguay
| | - Andrés Lizasoain A
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, North Regional; University of Republic; Salto Uruguay
| | - Matías Castells
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, North Regional; University of Republic; Salto Uruguay
| | - Leticia Maya
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, North Regional; University of Republic; Salto Uruguay
| | - Mariela Martínez Gómez
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology; Oswaldo Cruz Institute; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Patricia López
- Pediatric Unit of Regional Public Hospital; Salto Uruguay
| | - Juan Cristina
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences; University of Republic; Montevideo Uruguay
| | | | - Rodney Colina
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, North Regional; University of Republic; Salto Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gómez MM, Carvalho-Costa FA, de Mello Volotão E, Rose TL, da Silva MFM, Fialho AM, Assis RMS, da Silva Ribeiro de Andrade J, Sá ACC, Zeller M, Heylen E, Matthijnssens J, Leite JPG. Prevalence and genomic characterization of G2P[4] group A rotavirus strains during monovalent vaccine introduction in Brazil. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 28:486-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
34
|
Strain diversity plays no major role in the varying efficacy of rotavirus vaccines: An overview. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 28:561-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
35
|
Mullick S, Mukherjee A, Ghosh S, Pazhani GP, Sur D, Manna B, Nataro JP, Levine MM, Ramamurthy T, Chawla-Sarkar M. Community based case-control study of rotavirus gastroenteritis among young children during 2008-2010 reveals vast genetic diversity and increased prevalence of G9 strains in Kolkata. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112970. [PMID: 25401757 PMCID: PMC4234499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group A Rotaviruses are a major etiologic agent of gastroenteritis in infants and young children (<5 years) worldwide. Although rotavirus vaccines have been successfully administered in many countries, in India the introduction of rotavirus vaccine in national immunization program was approved in 2014. Since high disease burden and large number of genetic variants have been reported from low income countries including India, monitoring of rotavirus was initiated prior to implementation of the vaccine in the region. METHODS A total number of 3,582 stool samples were collected from an urban slum community in Kolkata, among which 1,568 samples were obtained from children of ≤ 5 years of age, with moderate to severe diarrhoea and 2,014 samples were collected from age-sex matched healthy neighbourhood controls. Rotavirus positive samples were typed by multiplex semi-nested PCR and nucleotide sequencing. Circulating strains were phylogenetically analyzed. RESULTS Among 1,568 children with diarrhoea, 395 (25.2%), and among 2,014 asymptomatic children, 42 (2%) were rotavirus positive. G1P[8] was identified as the most common strain (32%) followed by G9P[8] (16.9%), G2P[4] (13.5%) and G9P[4] (10.75%). G12 strains with combinations of P[4], P[6] and P[8] comprised 11.9% of total positive strains. The rest (<10%) were rare and uncommon strains like G1P[4], G1P[6], G2P[8] and animal-like strains G4P[6], G6P[14] and G11P[25]. The 42 rotavirus positive samples from asymptomatic children revealed common genotypes like G1, G2 and G9. CONCLUSION This community based case-control study showed increased predominance of genotype G9 in Kolkata. It also confirmed co-circulation of a large number of genetic variants in the community. Asymptomatic rotavirus positive children though low in number can also be a source of dispersal of infection in the community. This study provides background information to the policy makers for implementation of rotavirus vaccines in this region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satarupa Mullick
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Anupam Mukherjee
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Santanu Ghosh
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Dipika Sur
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Byomkesh Manna
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - James P. Nataro
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Myron M. Levine
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gurgel RQ, Alvarez ADJ, Rodrigues A, Ribeiro RR, Dolabella SS, Da Mota NL, Santos VS, Iturriza-Gomara M, Cunliffe NA, Cuevas LE. Incidence of rotavirus and circulating genotypes in Northeast Brazil during 7 years of national rotavirus vaccination. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110217. [PMID: 25360784 PMCID: PMC4215980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Rotavirus causes severe diarrhoea and Brazil introduced the Rotarix G1P[8] vaccine in 2006. We aimed to describe changes in rotavirus incidence and diarrhoea epidemiology before and after vaccine introduction. Methods Design: (i) hospital-based survey of children with diarrhoea (2006–2012); (ii) diarrhea-mortality and hospitalization surveillance (1999–2012). Setting (i) Aracaju and (ii) state and national level. Results 1841 children were enrolled and 231 (12.5%) had rotavirus. Rotavirus was less frequent from January-June than from July-December (9.4% versus 20.9%, p<0.01), but the seasonal variation was less defined after 2009. Very few rotavirus cases (8–3.9%) were detected in 2011, with an increase in 2012 (13–18.5%). In 2006, unvaccinated children were more likely to have rotavirus, but thereafter unvaccinated and vaccinated children had equally low incidence. Older children and those with rotavirus were more likely to have severe diarrhea episodes. The most frequent genotype from 2006 to 2010 was G2P[4]; except in 2009, when most cases were G1P[8]. Very few G2P[4] were detected from 2011 and 50% cases in 2012 were G8P[4]. Diarrhoea-hospitalizations decreased nationally from 89,934 (2003) to 53,705 (2012; 40.3% reduction) and in the state from 1729 to 748 (56.7% reduction). Diarrhoea-deaths decreased nationally from 4368 in 1999 to 697 in 2012 (84% reduction, p<0.001) and in the state from 132 to 18 (86% reduction). These changes were much larger after vaccine introduction. Conclusions The vaccine was associated with substantial reductions in rotavirus incidence and diarrhoea-hospitalizations and deaths. The G2P[4] genotype predominance disappeared over time and may be replaced by other heterotypic genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Miren Iturriza-Gomara
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel A. Cunliffe
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Luis E. Cuevas
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rotavirus genotypes in sewage treatment plants and in children hospitalized with acute diarrhea in Italy in 2010 and 2011. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 81:241-9. [PMID: 25344240 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02695-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the molecular surveillance network RotaNet-Italy provides useful nationwide data on rotaviruses causing severe acute gastroenteritis in children in Italy, scarce information is available on rotavirus circulation in the general Italian population, including adults with mild or asymptomatic infection. We investigated the genotypes of rotaviruses present in urban wastewaters and compared them with those of viral strains from clinical pediatric cases. During 2010 and 2011, 285 sewage samples from 4 Italian cities were tested by reverse transcription-PCRs (RT-PCRs) specific for rotavirus VP7 and VP4 genes. Rotavirus was detected in 172 (60.4%) samples, 26 of which contained multiple rotavirus G (VP7 gene) genotypes, for a total of 198 G types. Thirty-two samples also contained multiple P (VP4 gene) genotypes, yielding 204 P types in 172 samples. Genotype G1 accounted for 65.6% of rotaviruses typed, followed by genotypes G2 (20.2%), G9 (7.6%), G4 (4.6%), G6 (1.0%), G3 (0.5%), and G26 (0.5%). VP4 genotype P[8] accounted for 75.0% of strains, genotype P[4] accounted for 23.0% of strains, and the uncommon genotypes P[6], P[9], P[14], and P[19] accounted for 2.0% of strains altogether. These rotavirus genotypes were also found in pediatric patients hospitalized in the same areas and years but in different proportions. Specifically, genotypes G2, G9, and P[4] were more prevalent in sewage samples than among samples from patients, which suggests either a larger circulation of the latter strains through the general population not requiring medical care or their greater survival in wastewaters. A high level of nucleotide identity in the G1, G2, and G6 VP7 sequences was observed between strains from the environment and those from patients.
Collapse
|
38
|
Afrad MH, Matthijnssens J, Afroz SF, Rudra P, Nahar L, Rahman R, Hossain ME, Rahman SR, Azim T, Rahman M. Differences in lineage replacement dynamics of G1 and G2 rotavirus strains versus G9 strain over a period of 22 years in Bangladesh. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 28:214-22. [PMID: 25305473 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) have been a major cause of severe gastroenteritis in Bangladesh, mainly in children below the age of five. At the icddr,b, RVA strains collection and characterization dates back for more than 20 years. This sample collection was used to study the molecular evolution of the VP7 gene of G1, G2 and G9 RVA strains, which have been circulating in Bangladesh for most of this study period. The evolutionary rates (95% HPD) for G1, G2 and G9 were calculated to be 0.93×10(-3) (0.68-1.18), 1.45×10(-3) (1.12-1.78) and 1.07×10(-3) (0.78-1.39), respectively, which is in line with previous data for the RVA VP7 outer capsid protein, which is under strong negative selective pressure. Bayesian analyses revealed that for the G1 and G2 genotypes, one or multiple lineages co-circulated for one or a few seasons, frequently followed by replacement with genetically different lineages. This can be explained by the existence of a large variety of G1 and G2 RVA lineages and the rapid dissemination of different lineages across the globe. In contrast, circulating G9 lineages were rather closely related to each other across the study period and they were usually derived from variants circulating in the previous season(s). This is consistent with the fact that G9 RVAs have circulated in the human population for less than 20 years, and therefore their genetic diversity is much smaller, not resulting in the replacement of circulating G9 strains by highly divergent G9 lineages from abroad. Such different evolutionary dynamics for different RVA genotypes may alter their response to the selective pressure that might be exerted by the introduction of RVA vaccines and therefore a continued close monitoring is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mokibul Hassan Afrad
- Virology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease and Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Bangladesh.
| | - Jelle Matthijnssens
- Laboratory of Clinical & Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Syeda Farhana Afroz
- Virology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease and Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Bangladesh
| | - Pranab Rudra
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- Virology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease and Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Bangladesh
| | - Rajibur Rahman
- Virology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease and Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Enayet Hossain
- Virology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease and Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Bangladesh
| | | | - Tasnim Azim
- Virology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease and Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Bangladesh
| | - Mustafizur Rahman
- Virology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease and Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Roy S, Esona MD, Kirkness EF, Akopov A, McAllen JK, Wikswo ME, Cortese MM, Payne DC, Parashar UD, Gentsch JR, Bowen MD. Comparative genomic analysis of genogroup 1 (Wa-like) rotaviruses circulating in the USA, 2006-2009. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 28:513-23. [PMID: 25301114 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are double stranded RNA viruses that are a significant cause of acute pediatric gastroenteritis. Beginning in 2006 and 2008, respectively, two vaccines, Rotarix™ and RotaTeq®, have been approved for use in the USA for prevention of RVA disease. The effects of possible vaccine pressure on currently circulating strains in the USA and their genome constellations are still under investigation. In this study we report 33 complete RVA genomes (ORF regions) collected in multiple cities across USA during 2006-2009, including 8 collected from children with verified receipt of 3 doses of rotavirus vaccine. The strains included 16 G1P[8], 10 G3P[8], and 7 G9P[8]. All 33 strains had a Wa like backbone with the consensus genotype constellation of G(1/3/9)-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1. From maximum likelihood based phylogenetic analyses, we identified 3-7 allelic constellations grouped mostly by respective G types, suggesting a possible allelic segregation based on the VP7 gene of RVA, primarily for the G3 and G9 strains. The vaccine failure strains showed similar grouping for all genes in G9 strains and most genes of G3 strains suggesting that these constellations were necessary to evade vaccine-derived immune protection. Substitutions in the antigenic region of VP7 and VP4 genes were also observed for the vaccine failure strains which could possibly explain how these strains escape vaccine induced immune response. This study helps elucidate how RVA strains are currently evolving in the population post vaccine introduction and supports the need for continued RVA surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunando Roy
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mathew D Esona
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Asmik Akopov
- The J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Mary E Wikswo
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Margaret M Cortese
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel C Payne
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Umesh D Parashar
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jon R Gentsch
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael D Bowen
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Matthijnssens J, Zeller M, Heylen E, De Coster S, Vercauteren J, Braeckman T, Van Herck K, Meyer N, PirÇon JY, Soriano-Gabarro M, Azou M, Capiau H, De Koster J, Maernoudt AS, Raes M, Verdonck L, Verghote M, Vergison A, Van Damme P, Van Ranst M. Higher proportion of G2P[4] rotaviruses in vaccinated hospitalized cases compared with unvaccinated hospitalized cases, despite high vaccine effectiveness against heterotypic G2P[4] rotaviruses. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20:O702-10. [DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
41
|
Review of global rotavirus strain prevalence data from six years post vaccine licensure surveillance: is there evidence of strain selection from vaccine pressure? INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 28:446-61. [PMID: 25224179 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive reviews of pre licensure rotavirus strain prevalence data indicated the global importance of six rotavirus genotypes, G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8], G9P[8] and G12P[8]. Since 2006, two vaccines, the monovalent Rotarix (RV1) and the pentavalent RotaTeq (RV5) have been available in over 100 countries worldwide. Of these, 60 countries have already introduced either RV1 or RV5 in their national immunization programs. Post licensure vaccine effectiveness is closely monitored worldwide. This review aimed at describing the global changes in rotavirus strain prevalence over time. The genotype distribution of the nearly 47,000 strains that were characterized during 2007-2012 showed similar picture to that seen in the preceding period. An intriguing finding was the transient predominance of heterotypic strains, mainly in countries using RV1. Unusual and novel antigen combinations continue to emerge, including some causing local outbreaks, even in vaccinated populations. In addition, vaccine strains have been found in both vaccinated infants and their contacts and there is evidence for genetic interaction between vaccine and wild-type strains. In conclusion, the post-vaccine introduction strain prevalence data do not show any consistent pattern indicative of selection pressure resulting from vaccine use, although the increased detection rate of heterotypic G2P[4] strains in some countries following RV1 vaccination is unusual and this issue requires further monitoring.
Collapse
|
42
|
Buttery JP, Kirkwood CD. What can rotavirus vaccines teach us about rotavirus? THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2014; 14:786-8. [PMID: 25082562 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(14)70746-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jim P Buttery
- Monash Children's Hospital, and Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic 3168, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Carl D Kirkwood
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Leshem E, Lopman B, Glass R, Gentsch J, Bányai K, Parashar U, Patel M. Distribution of rotavirus strains and strain-specific effectiveness of the rotavirus vaccine after its introduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2014; 14:847-56. [PMID: 25082561 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(14)70832-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns exist about whether monovalent (RV1) and pentavalent (RV5) rotavirus vaccines provide adequate protection against diverse strains and whether vaccine introduction will lead to selective pressure. We aimed to investigate the distribution of rotavirus strains and strain-specific rotavirus vaccine effectiveness after vaccine introduction. METHODS We did a systematic review of published work to assess the strain-specific effectiveness of RV1 and RV5 rotavirus vaccines. We classified strains as homotypic, partly heterotypic, and fully heterotypic based on the amount of antigen-matching between strain and vaccine. When studies reported vaccine effectiveness against single antigens (G-type or P-type), we categorised them as either single-antigen vaccine type or single-antigen non-vaccine type. Our primary outcome was strain-specific vaccine effectiveness, comparing effectiveness of homotypic strains with fully or partly heterotypic strains. A secondary outcome was the prevalence of rotavirus strains after vaccine introduction. We estimated pooled odds ratios using random-effect regression models, stratified by country income level and vaccine type, and tested for differences in strain-specific vaccine effectiveness. We assessed strain distribution trends from surveillance reports. FINDINGS In high-income countries, RV1 pooled vaccine effectiveness was 94% (95% CI 80-98) against homotypic strains, 71% (39-86) against partly heterotypic strains, and 87% (76-93) against fully heterotypic strains. In middle-income settings, respective pooled data were 59% (36-73), 72% (58-81), and 47% (28-61). In high-income countries, RV5 vaccine effectiveness was 83% (78-87) against homotypic strains, 82% (70-89) against single-antigen vaccine type strains, 82% (70-89) against partly heterotypic strains, and 75% (47-88) against single-antigen non-vaccine type strains. In middle-income settings, RV5 vaccine effectiveness was 70% (58-78) against single-antigen vaccine type strains, 37% (10-56) against partly heterotypic strains, and 87% (38-97) against single-antigen non-vaccine type strains. No difference was noted in vaccine effectiveness for either RV1 or RV5 in any setting (all p>0·05). Prevalent strains in countries using RV1 were G2P[4] (2198 of 4428, 50%) and G1P[8] (953, 22%), and those in countries using RV5 were G1P[8] (1280 of 3875, 33%) and G2P[4] (1169, 30%). Sustained predominance of a single strain was not recorded. INTERPRETATION RV1 and RV5 exert similar effectiveness against homotypic and heterotypic rotavirus strains. Persistence of specific strains was not recorded, suggesting vaccine-induced selective pressure did not occur. Expansion of rotavirus surveillance efforts to low-income countries and ongoing surveillance are crucial to identify emergence of new strains and to assess strain-specific vaccine effectiveness in various settings. FUNDING None.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Leshem
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Ben Lopman
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Roger Glass
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jon Gentsch
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Umesh Parashar
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manish Patel
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Steyer A, Sagadin M, Kolenc M, Poljšak-Prijatelj M. Molecular characterization of rotavirus strains from pre- and post-vaccination periods in a country with low vaccination coverage: the case of Slovenia. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 28:413-25. [PMID: 24999235 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus vaccination started in Slovenia in 2007 on a voluntarily basis. The vaccination rate is relatively low (up to 27%) and no increasing trend is observed. We present rotavirus genotype distribution among children hospitalized for rotavirus gastroenteritis in Slovenia. Eight consecutive rotavirus seasons were followed, from 2005/06 to 2012/13, and 113 strains of the most common rotavirus genotypes were randomly selected for molecular characterization of rotavirus VP7 and VP4 (VP8(∗)) genome segments. During the vaccine introduction period, from 2007 to 2013, rotavirus genotype prevalences changed, with G1P[8] decreasing from 74.1% to 8.7% between 2007/08 and 2010/11 seasons, replaced by G4P[8] and G2P[4], with up to 52.0% prevalence. Comparable analysis of VP7 and VP8(∗) genome fragments within G1P[8] genotype lineages revealed considerable differences for rotavirus strains circulating before and during the vaccination period. The G1P[8] rotavirus strains from the pre-vaccination period clustered in a phylogenetic tree within Rotarix®-like VP7 and VP8(∗) lineages. However, since 2007, the majority of G1P[8] strains have shifted to distant genetic lineages with lower nucleotide (88.1-94.0% for VP7 and 86.6-91.1% for VP8(∗)) and amino acid (93.8-95.2% for VP7 and 85.3-94.6% for VP8(∗)) identities to the vaccine Rotarix® strain. This change also resulted in a different deduced amino acid profile at the major VP7 and VP8(∗) antigenic epitopes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Steyer
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Martin Sagadin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Marko Kolenc
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Mateja Poljšak-Prijatelj
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang YH, Pang BB, Ghosh S, Zhou X, Shintani T, Urushibara N, Song YW, He MY, Liu MQ, Tang WF, Peng JS, Hu Q, Zhou DJ, Kobayashi N. Molecular epidemiology and genetic evolution of the whole genome of G3P[8] human rotavirus in Wuhan, China, from 2000 through 2013. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88850. [PMID: 24676363 PMCID: PMC3967987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotaviruses are a major etiologic agent of gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. Since the latter of the 1990s, G3 human rotaviruses referred to as "new variant G3" have emerged and spread in China, being a dominant genotype until 2010, although their genomic evolution has not yet been well investigated. METHODS The complete genomes of 33 G3P[8] human rotavirus strains detected in Wuhan, China, from 2000 through 2013 were analyzed. Phylogenetic trees of concatenated sequences of all the RNA segments and individual genes were constructed together with published rotavirus sequences. RESULTS Genotypes of 11 gene segments of all the 33 strains were assigned to G3-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1, belonging to Wa genogroup. Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated full genome sequences indicated that all the modern G3P[8] strains were assigned to Cluster 2 containing only one clade of G3P[8] strains in the US detected in the 1970s, which was distinct from Cluster 1 comprising most of old G3P[8] strains. While main lineages of all the 11 gene segments persisted during the study period, different lineages appeared occasionally in RNA segments encoding VP1, VP4, VP6, and NSP1-NSP5, exhibiting various allele constellations. In contrast, only a single lineage was detected for VP7, VP2, and VP3 genes. Remarkable lineage shift was observed for NSP1 gene; lineage A1-2 emerged in 2007 and became dominant in 2008-2009 epidemic season, while lineage A1-1 persisted throughout the study period. CONCLUSION Chinese G3P[8] rotavirus strains have evolved since 2000 by intra-genogroup reassortment with co-circulating strains, accumulating more reassorted genes over the years. This is the first large-scale whole genome-based study to assess the long-term evolution of common human rotaviruses (G3P[8]) in an Asian country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hong Wang
- Virology section, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Bei-Bei Pang
- Virology section, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Virology section, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Tsuzumi Shintani
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yu-Wei Song
- College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Yang He
- College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Man-Qing Liu
- Virology section, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Feng Tang
- Virology section, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Song Peng
- Virology section, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Quan Hu
- Virology section, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Dun-Jin Zhou
- Virology section, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pham HA, Carrique-Mas JJ, Nguyen VC, Ngo TH, Nguyet LA, Do TD, Vo BH, Phan VTM, Rabaa MA, Farrar J, Baker S, Bryant JE. The prevalence and genetic diversity of group A rotaviruses on pig farms in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. Vet Microbiol 2014; 170:258-65. [PMID: 24679960 PMCID: PMC4003349 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses (ARoVs) are a common cause of severe diarrhea among children worldwide and the cause of approximately 45% of pediatric hospitalizations for acute diarrhea in Vietnam. ARoVs are known to cause significant economic losses to livestock producers by reducing growth performance and production efficiencies, however little is known about the implications of asymptomatic endemic circulation of ARoV. We aimed to determine the prevalence and predominant circulating genotypes of ARoVs on pig farms in a southern province of Vietnam. We found overall animal-level and farm-level prevalence of 32.7% (239/730) and 74% (77/104), respectively, and identified six different G types and 4 P types in various combinations (G2, G3, G4, G5, G9, G11 and P[6], P[13], P[23], and P[34]). There was no significant association between ARoV infection and clinical disease in pigs, suggesting that endemic asymptomatic circulation of ARoV may complicate rotavirus disease attribution during outbreaks of diarrhea in swine. Sequence analysis of the detected ARoVs suggested homology to recent human clinical cases and extensive genetic diversity. The epidemiological relevance of these findings for veterinary practitioners and to ongoing pediatric ARoV vaccine initiatives in Vietnam merits further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Anh Pham
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Viet Nam
| | - Juan J Carrique-Mas
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Viet Nam
| | - Van Cuong Nguyen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Hoa Ngo
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Viet Nam
| | - Lam Anh Nguyet
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Viet Nam
| | | | - Be Hien Vo
- Sub-Department of Animal Health, Dong Thap, Viet Nam
| | - Vu Tra My Phan
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Viet Nam
| | - Maia A Rabaa
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Viet Nam; University of Edinburgh, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Farrar
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Viet Nam; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Baker
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Viet Nam; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, London, United Kingdom; The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juliet E Bryant
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Viet Nam; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Linhares AC, Justino MCA. Rotavirus vaccination in Brazil: effectiveness and health impact seven years post-introduction. Expert Rev Vaccines 2013; 13:43-57. [PMID: 24308577 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.861746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Before vaccine introduction in Brazil, rotavirus caused approximately 650,000 outpatient visits, 92,000 hospitalizations and 850 deaths annually among children aged <5 years. Brazil was one of the first countries to introduce rotavirus vaccination into the National Immunisation Program (NIP), in 2006, but estimated coverage (87.1%) for 2011 remained lower if compared with other routine immunizations (95%). Case-control studies reached effectiveness rates as high as 85%. Observational studies showed a significant reduction in gastroenteritis-related hospitalizations and deaths among children aged <1 year, at rates as high as 48 and 54%, respectively. There was a significant increase in the relative prevalence of G2P[4] genotype after vaccine introduction, reaching 100% of strains in some settings. A small increase in intussusception incidence was seen within 1 week following the second vaccine dose, but benefits far outweigh any potential risk. This article provides an in-depth review of postlicensure studies conducted in Brazil 7-year postintroduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre C Linhares
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Giammanco GM, Bonura F, Zeller M, Heylen E, Van Ranst M, Martella V, Bányai K, Matthijnssens J, De Grazia S. Evolution of DS-1-like human G2P[4] rotaviruses assessed by complete genome analyses. J Gen Virol 2013; 95:91-109. [PMID: 24077298 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.056788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are a leading cause of viral gastroenteritis in children, with G2P[4] RVA being one of the most common human strains worldwide. The complete genome sequences of nine G2P[4] RVA strains, selected from a 26-year archival collection (1985-2011) established in Palermo, Italy, were determined. A strain associated with a peak of G2P[4] RVA activity in 1996 resembled a reassortant strain identified in Kenya in 1982 and differed completely in genomic make up from more recent strains that circulated during 2004-2011. Conversely, the 2004-2011 G2P[4] RVAs were genetically more similar to contemporary RVA strains circulating globally. Recent G2P[4] strains possessed either single or multiple genome segments (VP1, VP3 and/or NSP4) likely derived from ruminant viruses through intra-genotype reassortment. Amino acid substitutions were selected and maintained over time in the VP7 and VP8* antigenic proteins, allowing the circulation of two contemporary G2P[4] variants to be distinguished. Altogether, these findings suggest that major changes in the genomic composition of recent G2P[4] RVAs occurred in the early 2000s, leading to the appearance of a novel variant of the DS-1-like genotype constellation. Whether the modifications observed in the neutralizing antigens and in the genome composition of modern G2P[4] RVAs may affect the long-term effectiveness of the vaccination programmes remains to be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni M Giammanco
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute 'G. D'Alessandro', Università di Palermo, Italy
| | - Floriana Bonura
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute 'G. D'Alessandro', Università di Palermo, Italy
| | - Mark Zeller
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Heylen
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Van Ranst
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vito Martella
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Zootecnia, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Kristián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jelle Matthijnssens
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simona De Grazia
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute 'G. D'Alessandro', Università di Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mouna BHF, Hamida-Rebaï MB, Heylen E, Zeller M, Moussa A, Kacem S, Van Ranst M, Matthijnssens J, Trabelsi A. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of human rotavirus strains: comparison of VP7 and VP8(∗) antigenic epitopes between Tunisian and vaccine strains before national rotavirus vaccine introduction. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 18:132-44. [PMID: 23684631 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. Due to their epidemiological complexity, it is important to compare the genetic characteristics of vaccine strains with the RVA strains circulating before the introduction of the vaccine in the Tunisian immunization program. In the present study, the nucleotide sequences of VP7 and VP8∗ (n=31), the main targets for neutralizing antibodies, were determined. Comparison of antigenic epitopes of 11 G1P[8], 12 G2P[4], 4 G3P[8], 2 G4P[8], 1 G6P[9] and 1 G12P[8] RVA strains circulating in Tunisia from 2006 to 2011 with the RVA strains present in licensed vaccines showed that multiple amino acid differences existed in or near putative neutralizing domains of VP7 and VP8∗. The Tunisian G3 RVA strains were found to possess a potential extra N-linked glycosylation site. The Tunisian G4 RVA were closely related to the G4 vaccine strain in RotaTeq, belonging to the same lineage, but the alignment of their VP7 amino acids revealed an insertion of an asparagine residue at position 76 which is close to a glycosylation site (aa 69-71). Despite several differences detected between Tunisian and vaccine strains, which may affect binding of neutralizing antibodies, both vaccines are known to protect against the vast majority of the circulating genotypes, providing an indication of the high vaccine efficiency that can be expected in a future rotavirus immunization program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Hadj Fredj Mouna
- UR06SP20, Laboratory of Microbiology, Sahloul University Hospital, 4054 Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|