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Tayanloo-Beik A, Nikkhah A, Alaei S, Goodarzi P, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Mafi AR, Larijani B, Shouroki FF, Arjmand B. Brown adipose tissue and alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:91-107. [PMID: 36322277 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of senile dementia, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive dysfunction and behavioral disability. The two histopathological hallmarks in this disease are the extraneuronal accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and the intraneuronal deposition of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Despite this, central and peripheral metabolic dysfunction, such as abnormal brain signaling, insulin resistance, inflammation, and impaired glucose utilization, have been indicated to be correlated with AD. There is solid evidence that the age-associated thermoregulatory deficit induces diverse metabolic changes associated with AD development. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been known as a thermoregulatory organ particularly vital during infancy. However, in recent years, BAT has been accepted as an endocrine organ, being involved in various functions that prevent AD, such as regulating energy metabolism, secreting hormones, improving insulin sensitivity, and increasing glucose utilization in adult humans. This review focuses on the mechanisms of BAT activation and the effect of aging on BAT production and signaling. Specifically, the evidence demonstrating the effect of BAT on pathological mechanisms influencing the development of AD, including insulin pathway, thermoregulation, and other hormonal pathways, are reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Nikkhah
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Alaei
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Goodarzi
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Rezazadeh Mafi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Fazeli Shouroki
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Shirakawa C, Koyasu S, Takada M, Toi M, Nakamoto Y. Unilateral Reduction of 18F-FDG Accumulation in Brown Adipose Tissue by Sympathectomy for Hyperhidrosis. Clin Nucl Med 2023; 48:79-80. [PMID: 36469066 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A 30-year-old woman with left breast cancer underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for staging. Intense FDG uptake was observed in the primary lesion, as well as on the left side of the neck to the supraclavicular fossa and left paravertebral region. History taking revealed that she had undergone a right thoracic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis, which resulted in attenuated FDG uptake in the right-sided brown adipose tissue (BAT). With another examination keeping adequate warming, the accumulation of BAT was reduced and a diagnosis of cT1N1M0 was made. Unilateral sympathetic blockade can cause asymmetric FDG accumulation in BAT, which interferes with interpretation in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chigusa Shirakawa
- From the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe
| | - Sho Koyasu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kyoto University Hospital
| | - Masahiro Takada
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masakazu Toi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kyoto University Hospital
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Filippi M, Krähenmann R, Fissler P. The Link Between Energy-Related Sensations and Metabolism: Implications for Treating Fatigue. Front Psychol 2022; 13:920556. [PMID: 35800955 PMCID: PMC9255916 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.920556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy-related sensations include sensation of energy and fatigue as well as subjective energizability and fatigability. First, we introduce interdisciplinary useful definitions of all constructs and review findings regarding the question of whether sensations of fatigue and energy are two separate constructs or two ends of a single dimension. Second, we describe different components of the bodily energy metabolism system (e.g., mitochondria; autonomic nervous system). Third, we review the link between sensation of fatigue and different components of energy metabolism. Finally, we present an overview of different treatments shown to affect both energy-related sensations and metabolism before outlining future research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Filippi
- Psychiatric Services Thurgau, Münsterlingen, Switzerland
- University Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Rainer Krähenmann
- Psychiatric Services Thurgau, Münsterlingen, Switzerland
- University Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Rainer Krähenmann,
| | - Patrick Fissler
- Psychiatric Services Thurgau, Münsterlingen, Switzerland
- University Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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McClung JA, Levy L, Garcia V, Stec DE, Peterson SJ, Abraham NG. Heme-oxygenase and lipid mediators in obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases: Therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 231:107975. [PMID: 34499923 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-mediated metabolic syndrome remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Among many potential targets for pharmacological intervention, a promising strategy involves the heme oxygenase (HO) system, specifically its inducible form, HO-1. This review collects and updates much of the current knowledge relevant to pharmacology and clinical medicine concerning HO-1 in metabolic diseases and its effect on lipid metabolism. HO-1 has pleotropic effects that collectively reduce inflammation, while increasing vasodilation and insulin and leptin sensitivity. Recent reports indicate that HO-1 with its antioxidants via the effect of bilirubin increases formation of biologically active lipid metabolites such as epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), omega-3 and other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Similarly, HO-1and bilirubin are potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of fat-induced liver diseases. HO-1-mediated upregulation of EET is capable not only of reversing endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, but also of reversing cardiac remodeling, a hallmark of the metabolic syndrome. This process involves browning of white fat tissue (i.e. formation of healthy adipocytes) and reduced lipotoxicity, which otherwise will be toxic to the heart. More importantly, this review examines the activity of EET in biological systems and a series of pathways that explain its mechanism of action and discusses how these might be exploited for potential therapeutic use. We also discuss the link between cardiac ectopic fat deposition and cardiac function in humans, which is similar to that described in obese mice and is regulated by HO-1-EET-PGC1α signaling, a potent negative regulator of the inflammatory adipokine NOV.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A McClung
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America
| | - Lior Levy
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America
| | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States of America.
| | - Stephen J Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States of America; New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, United States of America
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America.
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An Extraordinary Case of Brown Fat Distribution. Clin Nucl Med 2020; 45:e160-e161. [PMID: 31833931 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000002822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 27-year-old woman who underwent an F-FDG PET/CT, after administration of 20 mg propranolol, 20 minutes preinjection, to investigate B-symptoms as well as right-sided shoulder pain. Unilateral hypermetabolism was seen in the left cervical, thoracic, and paravertebral brown fat, without any uptake on the contralateral side. The patient was born with neuroblastoma in the right thoracic area. She underwent surgery a few days after birth. As brown fat activation is under sympathetic control, we hypothesize that a surgical lesion to the right orthosympathetic trunk resulted in sympathetic denervation, responsible for this distribution.
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Halpern B, Mancini MC, Mendes C, Machado CML, Prando S, Sapienza MT, Buchpiguel CA, do Amaral FG, Cipolla-Neto J. Melatonin deficiency decreases brown adipose tissue acute thermogenic capacity of in rats measured by 18F-FDG PET. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:82. [PMID: 32973928 PMCID: PMC7504678 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Melatonin has been shown to increase brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass, which can lead to important metabolic effects, such as bodyweight reduction and glycemic improvement. However, BAT mass can only be measured invasively and. The gold standard for non-invasive measurement of BAT activity is positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18] fluoro-d-glucose (18F-FDG PET). There is no study, to our knowledge, that has evaluated if melatonin influences BAT activity, measured by this imaging technique in animals. METHODS Three experimental groups of Wistar rats (control, pinealectomy, and pinealectomy replaced with melatonin) had an 18F-FDG PET performed at room temperature and after acute cold exposure. The ratio of increased BAT activity after cold exposure/room temperature was called "acute thermogenic capacity" (ATC) We also measured UCP-1 mRNA expression to correlate with the 18F-FDG PET results. RESULTS Pinealectomy led to reduced acute thermogenic capacity, compared with the other groups, as well as reduced UCP1 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION Melatonin deficiency impairs BAT response when exposed to acute cold exposure. These results can lead to future studies of the influence of melatonin on BAT, in animals and humans, without needing an invasive evaluation of BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Halpern
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio C. Mancini
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Mendes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Maria Longo Machado
- Nuclear Medicine Institute, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvana Prando
- Nuclear Medicine Institute, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tatit Sapienza
- Nuclear Medicine Institute, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Buchpiguel
- Nuclear Medicine Institute, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bonacina M, Albano D, Gazzilli M, Durmo R, Cerudelli E, Bosio G, Bertagna F, Giubbini R. 18F-FDG PET/CT brown fat detection: Differences between adult and pediatric population in a 12 year experience. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Halpern B, Mancini MC, Bueno C, Barcelos IP, de Melo ME, Lima MS, Carneiro CG, Sapienza MT, Buchpiguel CA, do Amaral FG, Cipolla-Neto J. Melatonin Increases Brown Adipose Tissue Volume and Activity in Patients With Melatonin Deficiency: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Diabetes 2019; 68:947-952. [PMID: 30765337 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, a pineal hormone synthesized at night, is critical for the synchronization of circadian and seasonal rhythms, being a key regulator of energy metabolism in many animal species. Although studies in humans are lacking, several reports, mainly on hibernating animals, demonstrated that melatonin supplementation and a short photoperiod increase brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass. The present proof-of-concept study is the first, to our knowledge, to evaluate BAT in patients with melatonin deficiency (radiotherapy or surgical removal of pineal gland) before and after daily melatonin (3 mg) replacement for 3 months. All four studied patients presented increased BAT volume and activity measured by positron emission tomography-MRI. We also found an improvement in total cholesterol and triglyceride blood levels without significant effects on body weight, liver fat, and HDL and LDL levels. Albeit not statistically significant, fasting insulin levels and HOMA of insulin resistance decreased in all four patients. The present results show that oral melatonin replacement increases BAT volume and activity and improves blood lipid levels in patients with melatonin deficiency, suggesting that melatonin is a possible BAT activator. Future studies are warranted because hypomelatoninemia is usually present in aging and appears as a result of light-at-night exposure and/or the use of β-blocker drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Halpern
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio C Mancini
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Bueno
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabella P Barcelos
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Edna de Melo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos S Lima
- Nuclear Medicine Institute, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila G Carneiro
- Nuclear Medicine Institute, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo T Sapienza
- Nuclear Medicine Institute, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Buchpiguel
- Nuclear Medicine Institute, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bonacina M, Albano D, Gazzilli M, Durmo R, Cerudelli E, Bosio G, Bertagna F, Giubbini R. 18F-FDG PET/CT brown fat detection: Differences between adult and pediatric population in a 12 year experience. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2019; 38:224-228. [PMID: 30987886 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze epidemiological and anthropometric features of patients with brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation detected by fluorine18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT). MATERIAL AND METHODS From 2005 to 2017, 818 18F-FDG PET/CT studies positive for BAT detection were retrospectively included, 742 examinations performed on the adult population and 76 PET/CT on the pediatric population. A Chi-squared test was performed to compare features distribution between the adult and pediatric patients. RESULTS Adults showed a higher rate of BAT detection in females (79% vs. 61%, P<0.001) and in hyperglycaemic patients (>100mg/dL) (24% vs. 16%, P=0.02), no significant difference was found with regard to overweight patients (BMI>25kg/m2) (22% vs. 20%, P=.55). Considering females only, the adults showed a higher rate of BAT detection both in hyperglycaemic (83% vs. 42%, P<0.001) and overweight patients (80% vs. 67%, P=0.005). In both populations BAT activation happened more frequently in cold seasons; there was no significant distribution difference with regard to season of birth (P=0.2). CONCLUSIONS Sex, glycemia and BMI play a major role in predicting BAT activation, with significant differences between adults and pediatric patients. Cold exposure is confirmed as an important predicting factor, while season of birth is not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bonacina
- Nuclear Medicine, Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italia.
| | - D Albano
- Nuclear Medicine, Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italia
| | - M Gazzilli
- Nuclear Medicine, Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italia
| | - R Durmo
- Nuclear Medicine, Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italia
| | - E Cerudelli
- Nuclear Medicine, Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italia
| | - G Bosio
- Nuclear Medicine, Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italia
| | - F Bertagna
- Nuclear Medicine, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italia
| | - R Giubbini
- Nuclear Medicine, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italia
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Osuna-Prieto FJ, Martinez-Tellez B, Sanchez-Delgado G, Aguilera CM, Lozano-Sánchez J, Arráez-Román D, Segura-Carretero A, Ruiz JR. Activation of Human Brown Adipose Tissue by Capsinoids, Catechins, Ephedrine, and Other Dietary Components: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:291-302. [PMID: 30624591 PMCID: PMC6416040 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) has attracted clinical interest not only because it dissipates energy but also for its potential capacity to counteract obesity and related metabolic disorders (e.g., insulin resistance and dyslipidemia). Cold exposure is the most powerful stimulus for activating and recruiting BAT, and this stimulatory effect is mediated by the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. BAT can also be activated by other receptors such as the G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1) or β-adrenergic receptors. Interestingly, these receptors also interact with several dietary components; in particular, capsinoids and tea catechins appear to mimic the effects of cold through a TRP-BAT axis, and they consequently seem to decrease body fat and improve metabolic blood parameters. This systematic review critically addresses the evidence behind the available human studies analyzing the effect of several dietary components (e.g., capsinoids, tea catechins, and ephedrine) on BAT activity. Even though the results of these studies are consistent with the outcomes of preclinical models, the lack of robust study designs makes it impossible to confirm the BAT-activation capacity of the specified dietary components. Further investigation into the effects of dietary components on BAT is warranted to clarify to what extent these components could serve as a powerful strategy to treat obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Osuna-Prieto
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Departments of
- Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research and Development of Functional Food Center (CIDAF), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Departments of
- Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Departments of
| | - Concepción M Aguilera
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Lozano-Sánchez
- Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research and Development of Functional Food Center (CIDAF), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - David Arráez-Román
- Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research and Development of Functional Food Center (CIDAF), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research and Development of Functional Food Center (CIDAF), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Departments of
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Ectopic BAT mUCP-1 overexpression in SKM by delivering a BMP7/PRDM16/PGC-1a gene cocktail or single PRMD16 using non-viral UTMD gene therapy. Gene Ther 2018; 25:497-509. [PMID: 30072816 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-018-0036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we present our progress in inducing an ectopic brown adipose tissue (BAT) phenotype in skeletal muscle (SKM) as a potential gene therapy for obesity and its comorbidities. We used ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD), a novel targeted, non-viral approach to gene therapy, to deliver genes in the BAT differentiation pathway into rodent SKM to engineer a thermogenic BAT phenotype with ectopic mUCP-1 overexpression. In parallel, we performed a second protocol using wild-type Ucp-1-null knockout mice to test whether the effects of the gene therapy are UCP-1 dependent. Our main findings were a robust cellular presence of mUCP-1 immunostaining (IHC), significantly higher expression levels of mUCP-1 measured by qRT-PCR, and highest temperature elevation measured by infrared thermography in the treated thigh, achieved in rats after delivering the UTMD-PRDM16/PGC-1a/BMP7/hyPB gene cocktail. Interestingly, the weight loss obtained in the treated rats with the triple gene delivery, never recovered the levels observed in the controls in spite of food intake recovery. Our results establish the feasibility of minimally invasive UTMD gene-based therapy administration in SKM, to induce overexpression of ectopic mUCP-1 after delivery of the thermogenic BAT gene program, and describe systemic effects of this intervention on food intake, weight loss, and thermogenesis.
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12
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Correlation of Brown Adipose Tissue with Other Body Fat Compartments and Patient Characteristics: A Retrospective Analysis in a Large Patient Cohort Using PET/CT. Acad Radiol 2018; 25:102-110. [PMID: 29108812 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess the relationship of brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity with different fat compartments of the body, body mass index (BMI), outdoor temperature, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, blood glucose, age, and sex in a large patient population using F-18-fluordesoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computer tomography (FDG-PET/CT) scans obtained under thermoneutral conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS FDG-PET/CT scans of 4852 patients were retrospectively analyzed for BAT activity. The volumes of the different fat compartments visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT), and liver fat, were assessed by computed tomography. Age, sex, TSH levels, blood glucose levels, BMI, primary disease, and the outdoor temperature were determined. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify independent relationships between the parameters. RESULTS The VAT, SCAT, and liver fat content were lower in BAT-positive patients than in BAT-negative patients (each P < 0.0001). BAT-positive patients had a lower BMI (P < 0.0001) and were more often female (P < 0.0001), younger (P < 0.0001), and had higher TSH levels (P = 0.0002), whereas the outdoor temperature and the blood glucose level were not different compared to BAT-negative patients. Age, sex, VAT, and SCAT were independent factors related to BAT. CONCLUSIONS Age, sex, and VAT are the most important determinants of BAT activity under thermoneutral conditions. VAT reflects the association between BAT activity and body fat mass more clearly than BMI. The strength of the association between VAT and BAT decreases during aging in men, but increases in women. This may indicate a different importance of BAT activity for obesity in men and in women.
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13
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Loh RKC, Kingwell BA, Carey AL. Human brown adipose tissue as a target for obesity management; beyond cold-induced thermogenesis. Obes Rev 2017; 18:1227-1242. [PMID: 28707455 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Elevating energy expenditure via adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a potential strategy to reverse obesity. Much early enthusiasm for this approach, based on rodent studies, was tempered by the belief that BAT was relatively inconsequential in healthy adult humans. Interest was reinvigorated a decade ago when a series of studies re-identified BAT, primarily in upper thoracic regions, in adults. Despite the ensuing explosion of pre-clinical investigations and identification of an extensive list of potential target molecules for BAT recruitment, our understanding of human BAT physiology remains limited, particularly regarding interventions which might hold therapeutic promise. Cold-induced BAT thermogenesis (CIT) has been well studied, although is not readily translatable as an anti-obesity approach, whereas little is known regarding the role of BAT in human diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). Furthermore, human studies dedicated to translating known pharmacological mechanisms of adipose browning from animal models are sparse. Several lines of recent evidence suggest that molecular regulation and physiology of human BAT differ to that of laboratory rodents, which form the majority of our knowledge base. This review will summarize knowledge on CIT and expand upon the current understanding and evidence gaps related to human adaptive thermogenesis via mechanisms other than cold.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K C Loh
- Metabolic and Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - B A Kingwell
- Metabolic and Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A L Carey
- Metabolic and Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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The Beneficial Effects of Quercetin, Curcumin, and Resveratrol in Obesity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1459497. [PMID: 29138673 PMCID: PMC5613708 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1459497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, obesity has been one of the major public health concerns in most countries. In the search for new molecules that could be used for the treatment of obesity, good perspectives have been opened up for polyphenols, a class of natural bioactive phytochemicals. Experimental and limited clinical trial evidence supports that some polyphenols such as quercetin, curcumin, and resveratrol have potential benefit functions on obesity treatment. This brief review focuses on the main functions of the above-named polyphenols on adipose tissue. These polyphenols may play beneficial effects on adipose tissue under obese condition by alleviating intracellular oxidative stress, reducing chronic low-grade inflammation, inhibiting adipogenesis and lipogenesis, and suppressing the differentiation of preadipocytes to mature adipocytes.
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15
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Yang K, Adin C, Shen Q, Lee LJ, Yu L, Fadda P, Samogyi A, Ham K, Xu L, Gilor C, Ziouzenkova O. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 a1 regulates energy metabolism in adipocytes from different species. Xenotransplantation 2017; 24. [PMID: 28718514 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival and longevity of xenotransplants depend on immune function and ability to integrate energy metabolism between cells from different species. However, mechanisms for interspecies cross talk in energy metabolism are not well understood. White adipose tissue stores energy and is capable of mobilization and dissipation of energy as heat (thermogenesis) by adipocytes expressing uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1). Both pathways are under the control of vitamin A metabolizing enzymes. Deficient retinoic acid production in aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 A1 (Aldh1a1) knockout adipocytes (KO) inhibits adipogenesis and increases thermogenesis. Here we test the role Aldh1a1 in regulation of lipid metabolism in xenocultures. METHODS Murine wide-type (WT) and KO pre-adipocytes were encapsulated into a poly-L-lysine polymer that allows exchange of humoral factors <32kD via nanopores. Encapsulated murine adipocytes were co-incubated with primary differentiated canine adipocytes. Then, expression of adipogenic and thermogenic genes in differentiated canine adipocytes was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The regulatory factors in WT and KO cells were identified by comparison of secretome using proteomics and in transcriptome by gene microarray. RESULTS Co-culture of encapsulated mouse KO vs WT adipocytes increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg), but reduced expression of its target genes fatty acid binding protein 4 (Fabp4), and adipose triglyceride lipase (Atgl) in canine adipocytes, suggesting inhibition of PPARγ activation. Co-culture with KO adipocytes also induced expression of Ucp1 in canine adipocytes compared to expression in WT adipocytes. Cumulatively, murine KO compared to WT adipocytes decreased lipid accumulation in canine adipocytes. Comparative proteomics revealed significantly higher levels of vitamin A carriers, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), and lipokalin 2 (LCN2) in KO vs WT adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate the functional exchange of regulatory factors between adipocytes from different species for regulation of energy balance. RBP4 and LCN2 appear to be involved in the transport of retinoids for regulation of lipid accumulation and thermogenesis in xenocultures. While the rarity of thermogenic adipocytes in humans and dogs precludes their use for autologous transplantation, our study demonstrates that xenotransplantation of engineered cells could be a potential solution for the reduction in obesity in dogs and a strategy for translation to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefeng Yang
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Nutrition, School of Medical, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christopher Adin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Qiwen Shen
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ly James Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Department of Statistics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Paolo Fadda
- Genomics Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Arpad Samogyi
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kathleen Ham
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Gilor
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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16
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Jankovic A, Korac A, Buzadzic B, Stancic A, Otasevic V, Ferdinandy P, Daiber A, Korac B. Targeting the NO/superoxide ratio in adipose tissue: relevance to obesity and diabetes management. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1570-1590. [PMID: 27079449 PMCID: PMC5446578 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin sensitivity and metabolic homeostasis depend on the capacity of adipose tissue to take up and utilize excess glucose and fatty acids. The key aspects that determine the fuel-buffering capacity of adipose tissue depend on the physiological levels of the small redox molecule, nitric oxide (NO). In addition to impairment of NO synthesis, excessive formation of the superoxide anion (О2•- ) in adipose tissue may be an important interfering factor diverting the signalling of NO and other reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in obesity, resulting in metabolic dysfunction of adipose tissue over time. Besides its role in relief from superoxide burst, enhanced NO signalling may be responsible for the therapeutic benefits of different superoxide dismutase mimetics, in obesity and experimental diabetes models. This review summarizes the role of NO in adipose tissue and highlights the effects of NO/О2•- ratio 'teetering' as a promising pharmacological target in the metabolic syndrome. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Jankovic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Aleksandra Korac
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Electron MicroscopyUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Biljana Buzadzic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Ana Stancic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Vesna Otasevic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacotherapySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- Pharmahungary GroupSzegedHungary
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology ‐ Cardiology 1, Molecular CardiologyUniversity Medical CenterMainzGermany
| | - Bato Korac
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
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Burcelin R, Pomié C. Gut Microbiota Cool-Down Burning Fat! The Immune Hypothesis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:67-68. [PMID: 26747615 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by gut microbiota dysbiosis and reduced thermogenic activity of brown adipose tissue. A recent study reveals that gut microbiota hampers the emergence of thermogenic brown fat cells named beige cells within white fat depots via a mechanism that involves the control of macrophages and eosinophil infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Burcelin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2 : 'Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia' F-31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
| | - Céline Pomié
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2 : 'Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia' F-31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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18
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Mukherjee J, Baranwal A, Schade KN. Classification of Therapeutic and Experimental Drugs for Brown Adipose Tissue Activation: Potential Treatment Strategies for Diabetes and Obesity. Curr Diabetes Rev 2016; 12:414-428. [PMID: 27183844 PMCID: PMC5425649 DOI: 10.2174/1573399812666160517115450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing efforts are being made towards pharmacologic activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in animals and humans for potential use in the treatment of obesity and diabetes. We and others have reported a number of animal studies using either experimental or therapeutic drugs. There are now efforts to translate these findings to human studies. The goal of this review is to evaluate the various drugs currently being used that have the potential for BAT activation. METHODS Drugs were classified into 4 classes based on their mechanism of action. Class 1 drugs include the use of β3 adrenoceptor agonists for BAT activation. Class 2 drugs include drugs that affect norepinephrine levels and activate BAT with the potential of reducing obesity. Class 3 includes activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in pursuit of lowering blood sugar, weight loss and diabetes and finally Class 4 includes natural products and other emerging drugs with limited information on BAT activation and their effects on diabetes and weight loss. RESULTS Class 1 drugs are high BAT activators followed by Class 2 and 3. Some of these drugs have now been extended to diabetes and obesity animal models and human BAT studies. Drugs in Class 3 are used clinically for Type 2 diabetes, but the extent of BAT involvement is unclear. CONCLUSION Further studies on the efficacy of these drugs in diabetes and measuring their effects on BAT activation using noninvasive imaging will help in establishing a clinical role of BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogeshwar Mukherjee
- B140 Medical Sciences, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-5000, USA.
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