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Johnson BJ, Weber M, Al-Amin HM, Geier M, Devine GJ. Automated differentiation of mixed populations of free-flying female mosquitoes under semi-field conditions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3494. [PMID: 38347111 PMCID: PMC10861447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Great advances in automated identification systems, or 'smart traps', that differentiate insect species have been made in recent years, yet demonstrations of field-ready devices under free-flight conditions remain rare. Here, we describe the results of mixed-species identification of female mosquitoes using an advanced optoacoustic smart trap design under free-flying conditions. Point-of-capture classification was assessed using mixed populations of congeneric (Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti) and non-congeneric (Ae. aegypti and Anopheles stephensi) container-inhabiting species of medical importance. Culex quinquefasciatus, also common in container habitats, was included as a third species in all assessments. At the aggregate level, mixed collections of non-congeneric species (Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and An. stephensi) could be classified at accuracies exceeding 90% (% error = 3.7-7.1%). Conversely, error rates increased when analysing individual replicates (mean % error = 48.6; 95% CI 8.1-68.6) representative of daily trap captures and at the aggregate level when Ae. albopictus was released in the presence of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus (% error = 7.8-31.2%). These findings highlight the many challenges yet to be overcome but also the potential operational utility of optoacoustic surveillance in low diversity settings typical of urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Johnson
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.
| | - Michael Weber
- Biogents AG, Weissenburgstr. 22, 93055, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hasan Mohammad Al-Amin
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Martin Geier
- Biogents AG, Weissenburgstr. 22, 93055, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gregor J Devine
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
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2
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Mucci LF, Bergo ES, de Deus JT, Reginato SL, Pereira M, de Camargo-Neves VLF. Evaluation of Methods for Collecting Mosquitoes (Culicidae: Diptera) in Canopy and Ground Strata in the Brazilian Savanna. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7120446. [PMID: 36548701 PMCID: PMC9783515 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7120446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The hand-net is the standard method for capturing mosquitoes with sylvatic diurnal activity in disease outbreaks in Brazil. However, occupational risks and biases related to the collectors' abilities and attractiveness are important limitations. In this study, we compared hand-nets with automatic traps (CDC) associated to CO2 and BG-Lure® in the Vassununga State Park, a Brazilian Savanna protection area. The collections carried out over 27 days on the ground and the forest canopy. A total of 1555 mosquitoes were obtained in 20 taxa. The diversity index ranged between 1.12 and 1.79 and the dominance index from 0.22 to 0.40. The dominant species on the ground was Aedes scapularis (46.0%), and in the canopy, Hg. janthinomys/capricornii (31.9%). Haemagogus leucocelaenus was rare (n = 2). The hand-net resulted in the greatest diversity and abundance of species in both strata, followed by the traps associated with CO2. A low degree of similarity was observed between the hand-net on the ground compared to the other capture methods. The use of BG-Lure® alone resulted in a low number of specimens. In conclusion, the hand-net is still the method of choice for collecting arbovirus vectors in the diurnal period, especially yellow fever vectors.
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3
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de Deus JT, Mucci LF, Lucheta Reginatto S, Pereira M, Bergo ES, de Camargo-Neves VLF. Evaluation of Methods to Collect Diurnal Culicidae (Diptera) at Canopy and Ground Strata, in the Atlantic Forest Biome. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020202. [PMID: 35206775 PMCID: PMC8874964 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hand-held insect nets are the standard method for capturing vector mosquitoes of sylvatic arboviruses; however, occupational risks and biases due to individual skill and attractiveness are important limitations. The use of chemical attractants and automatic traps could be an alternative to resolve these limitations. This study compares the yields achieved using nets with those employing electrical traps with CO2 and BG-Lure®, near the ground and in the canopy strata (6.0 and 8.0 m high). The study was conducted at the Cantareira State Park, which is in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome. In the 18 collections performed, 3570 specimens of 52 taxa were obtained. The most frequent species captured near the ground were Wyeomyia confusa and Limatus durhamii, whereas Sabethes albiprivus, Sabethes purpureus, and Haemagogus leucocelaenus were the most frequent in the canopy. The nets resulted in greater species richness and abundance, followed by the trap employing CO2. The combination of CO2 traps with BG-Lure® did not improve performance. The use of BG-Lure® alone resulted in low abundance and a low number of species. Our results demonstrate that the use of traps with CO2 can be complementary to collections with nets; however, for species of epidemiological interest such as those of the genera Haemagogus and Sabethes, especially in the canopy, the net remains the method of choice.
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DiSera L, Sjödin H, Rocklöv J, Tozan Y, Súdre B, Zeller H, Muñoz ÁG. The Mosquito, the Virus, the Climate: An Unforeseen Réunion in 2018. GEOHEALTH 2020; 4:e2020GH000253. [PMID: 32864539 PMCID: PMC7443513 DOI: 10.1029/2020gh000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The 2018 outbreak of dengue in the French overseas department of Réunion was unprecedented in size and spread across the island. This research focuses on the cause of the outbreak, asserting that climate played a large role in the proliferation of the Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, which transmitted the disease, and led to the dengue outbreak in early 2018. A stage-structured model was run using observed temperature and rainfall data to simulate the life cycle and abundance of the Ae. albopictus mosquito. Further, the model was forced with bias-corrected subseasonal forecasts to determine if the event could have been forecast up to 4 weeks in advance. With unseasonably warm temperatures remaining above 25°C, along with large tropical-cyclone-related rainfall events accumulating 10-15 mm per event, the modeled Ae. albopictus mosquito abundance did not decrease during the second half of 2017, contrary to the normal behavior, likely contributing to the large dengue outbreak in early 2018. Although subseasonal forecasts of rainfall for the December-January period in Réunion are skillful up to 4 weeks in advance, the outbreak could only have been forecast 2 weeks in advance, which along with seasonal forecast information could have provided enough time to enhance preparedness measures. Our research demonstrates the potential of using state-of-the-art subseasonal climate forecasts to produce actionable subseasonal dengue predictions. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time subseasonal forecasts have been used this way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel DiSera
- International Research Institute for Climate and Society, The Earth InstituteColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Henrik Sjödin
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical MedicineUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Joacim Rocklöv
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical MedicineUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Yesim Tozan
- School of Global Public HealthNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Bertrand Súdre
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and ControlStockholmSweden
| | - Herve Zeller
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and ControlStockholmSweden
| | - Ángel G. Muñoz
- International Research Institute for Climate and Society, The Earth InstituteColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
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Ibáñez-Justicia A, Smitz N, den Hartog W, van de Vossenberg B, De Wolf K, Deblauwe I, Van Bortel W, Jacobs F, Vaux AGC, Medlock JM, Stroo A. Detection of Exotic Mosquito Species (Diptera: Culicidae) at International Airports in Europe. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103450. [PMID: 32429218 PMCID: PMC7277938 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In Europe, the air-borne accidental introduction of exotic mosquito species (EMS) has been demonstrated using mosquito surveillance schemes at Schiphol International Airport (Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Based upon these findings and given the increasing volume of air transport movements per year, the establishment of EMS after introduction via aircraft is being considered a potential risk. Here we present the airport surveillance results performed by the Centre for Monitoring of Vectors of the Netherlands, by the Monitoring of Exotic Mosquitoes (MEMO) project in Belgium, and by the Public Health England project on invasive mosquito surveillance. The findings of our study demonstrate the aircraft mediated transport of EMS into Europe from a wide range of possible areas in the world. Results show accidental introductions of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, as well as exotic Anopheles and Mansonia specimens. The findings of Ae. albopictus at Schiphol airport are the first evidence of accidental introduction of the species using this pathway in Europe. Furthermore, our results stress the importance of the use of molecular tools to validate the morphology-based species identifications. We recommend monitoring of EMS at airports with special attention to locations with a high movement of cargo and passengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Ibáñez-Justicia
- Centre for Monitoring of Vectors, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Geertjesweg 15, 6706 EA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (W.d.H.); (F.J.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nathalie Smitz
- Royal Museum for Central Africa (BopCo), Leuvensesteenweg 13–17, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium;
| | - Wietse den Hartog
- Centre for Monitoring of Vectors, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Geertjesweg 15, 6706 EA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (W.d.H.); (F.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Bart van de Vossenberg
- Molecular Biology Group, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Geertjesweg 15, 6706 EA Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Katrien De Wolf
- Unit of Entomology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (K.D.W.); (I.D.); (W.V.B.)
| | - Isra Deblauwe
- Unit of Entomology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (K.D.W.); (I.D.); (W.V.B.)
| | - Wim Van Bortel
- Unit of Entomology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (K.D.W.); (I.D.); (W.V.B.)
- Outbreak Research Team, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Frans Jacobs
- Centre for Monitoring of Vectors, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Geertjesweg 15, 6706 EA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (W.d.H.); (F.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Alexander G. C. Vaux
- Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology Group, Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK; (A.G.C.V.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Jolyon M. Medlock
- Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology Group, Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK; (A.G.C.V.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Arjan Stroo
- Centre for Monitoring of Vectors, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Geertjesweg 15, 6706 EA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (W.d.H.); (F.J.); (A.S.)
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Resadore F, Júnior AMP, de Paulo PFM, Gil LHS, Rodrigues MMDS, Araújo MDS, Julião GR, Medeiros JF. Composition and Vertical Stratification of Phlebotomine Sand Fly Fauna and the Molecular Detection of Leishmania in Forested Areas in Rondônia State Municipalities, Western Amazon, Brazil. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2019; 19:347-357. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Resadore
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Antônio Marques Pereira Júnior
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental - INCT/EpiAmo, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Herman Soares Gil
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Pesquisas e Patologias Tropicais de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | | | - Maísa da Silva Araújo
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Genimar Rebouças Julião
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental - INCT/EpiAmo, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Jansen Fernandes Medeiros
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental - INCT/EpiAmo, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
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7
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Martin E, Medeiros MCI, Carbajal E, Valdez E, Juarez JG, Garcia-Luna S, Salazar A, Qualls WA, Hinojosa S, Borucki MK, Manley HA, Badillo-Vargas IE, Frank M, Hamer GL. Surveillance of Aedes aegypti indoors and outdoors using Autocidal Gravid Ovitraps in South Texas during local transmission of Zika virus, 2016 to 2018. Acta Trop 2019; 192:129-137. [PMID: 30763563 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, has facilitated the re-emergence of dengue virus (DENV) and emergence of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas and the Caribbean. The recent transmission of these arboviruses in the continental United States has been limited, to date, to South Florida and South Texas despite Ae. aegypti occurring over a much larger geographical region within the country. The main goal of our study was to provide the first long term longitudinal study of Ae. aegypti and enhance the knowledge about the indoor and outdoor relative abundance of Ae. aegypti as a proxy for mosquito-human contact in South Texas, a region of the United States that is at high risk for mosquito-borne virus transmission. Here, the relative abundance of indoors and outdoors mosquitoes of households in eight different communities was described. Surveillance was done weekly from September 2016 to April 2018 using the CDC Autocidal Gravid Ovitraps in low- and middle-income communities. A total of 69 houses were included in this survey among which 36 were in the low-income communities (n = 11 for Donna, n = 15 for Progresso, n = 5 for Mesquite, n = 5 for Chapa) and 33 in middle-income communities (n = 9 for La Feria, n = 8 for Weslaco, n = 11 for McAllen, and n = 5 for Rio Rico). Overall, Ae. aegypti was the dominant species (59.2% of collections, n = 7255) followed by Culex spp. mosquitoes (27.3% of collections, n = 3350). Furthermore, we demonstrated for Ae. aegypti that 1) outdoor relative abundance was higher compared to indoor relative abundance, 2) low-income communities were associated with an increase in mosquito relative abundance indoors when compared to middle-income communities, 3) no difference was observed in the number of mosquitoes collected outdoors between low-income and middle-income communities, and 4) warmer months were positively correlated with outdoor relative abundance whereas no seasonality was observed in the relative abundance of mosquitoes indoors. Additionally, Ae. aegypti mosquitoes collected in South Texas were tested using a specific ZIKV/CHIKV multiplex real-time PCR assay, however, none of the mosquitoes tested positive. Our data highlights the occurrence of mosquitoes indoors in the continental United States and that adults are collected nearly every week of the calendar year. These mosquito data, obtained concurrently with local ZIKV transmission of 10 locally acquired cases in nearby communities, represent a baseline for future studies in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) including vector control interventions relying on the oviposition behavior to reduce mosquito populations and pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Martin
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
| | - Matthew C I Medeiros
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Ester Carbajal
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Edwin Valdez
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jose G Juarez
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Selene Garcia-Luna
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Aaron Salazar
- City of McAllen, Health & Code Compliance Department, McAllen, TX, United States
| | - Whitney A Qualls
- Zoonosis Control Branch Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Steven Hinojosa
- Hidalgo County Health and Human Services, Edinburg, TX, United States
| | - Monica K Borucki
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Heather A Manley
- Institute for Infectious Animal Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States
| | | | - Matthias Frank
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Gabriel L Hamer
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
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de Albuquerque BC, Pinto RC, Sadahiro M, Sampaio VS, de Castro DB, Terrazas WCM, Mustafa LM, da Costa CF, dos Passos RA, Lima JBP, Braga JU. Relationship between local presence and density of Aedes aegypti
eggs with dengue cases: a spatial analysis approach. Trop Med Int Health 2018; 23:1269-1279. [DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vanderson Souza Sampaio
- Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde do Amazonas; Manaus Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado; Manaus Brazil
| | - Daniel Barros de Castro
- Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde do Amazonas; Manaus Brazil
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca - Fiocruz; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo Augusto dos Passos
- Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde do Amazonas; Manaus Brazil
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - José Bento Pereira Lima
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- PECTI-SAÚDE/Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do estado do Amazonas; Manaus Brazil
| | - José Ueleres Braga
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca - Fiocruz; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- PECTI-SAÚDE/Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do estado do Amazonas; Manaus Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Social - UERJ; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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A Novel Sampling Method to Measure Socioeconomic Drivers of Aedes Albopictus Distribution in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15102179. [PMID: 30301172 PMCID: PMC6210768 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change, urbanization, and globalization have facilitated the spread of Aedes mosquitoes into regions that were previously unsuitable, causing an increased threat of arbovirus transmission on a global scale. While numerous studies have addressed the urban ecology of Ae. albopictus, few have accounted for socioeconomic factors that affect their range in urban regions. Here we introduce an original sampling design for Ae. albopictus, that uses a spatial optimization process to identify urban collection sites based on both geographic parameters as well as the gradient of socioeconomic variables present in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, encompassing the city of Charlotte, a rapidly growing urban environment. We collected 3,645 specimens of Ae. albopictus (87% of total samples) across 12 weeks at the 90 optimized site locations and modelled the relationships between the abundance of gravid Ae. albopictus and a variety of neighborhood socioeconomic attributes as well as land cover characteristics. Our results demonstrate that the abundance of gravid Ae. albopictus is inversely related to the socioeconomic status of the neighborhood and directly related to both landscape heterogeneity as well as proportions of particular resident races/ethnicities. We present our results alongside a description of our novel sampling scheme and its usefulness as an approach to urban vector epidemiology. Additionally, we supply recommendations for future investigations into the socioeconomic determinants of vector-borne disease risk.
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Ng KC, Chaves LF, Tsai KH, Chuang TW. Increased Adult Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Abundance in a Dengue Transmission Hotspot, Compared to a Coldspot, within Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. INSECTS 2018; 9:insects9030098. [PMID: 30104501 PMCID: PMC6164640 DOI: 10.3390/insects9030098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The assumption that vector abundance differences might drive spatial and temporal heterogeneities in vector-borne disease transmission is common, though data supporting it is scarce. Here, we present data from two common mosquito species Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say, biweekly sampled as adults, from March 2016 through December 2017, with BG-sentinel traps in two neighboring districts of Kaohsiung City (KC), Taiwan. One district has historically been a dengue transmission hotspot (Sanmin), and the other a coldspot (Nanzih). We collected a total 41,027 mosquitoes, and we found that average mosquito abundance (mean ± S.D.) was higher in Sanmin (Ae. aegypti: 9.03 ± 1.46; Cx. quinquefasciatus: 142.57 ± 14.38) than Nanzih (Ae. aegypti: 6.21 ± 0.47; Cx. quinquefasciatus: 63.37 ± 8.71) during the study period. In both districts, Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus population dynamics were sensitive to changes in temperature, the most platykurtic environmental variable at KC during the study period, a pattern predicted by Schmalhausen’s law, which states that organisms are more sensitive to small changes in environmental variables whose average value is more uncertain than its extremes. Our results also suggest that differences in Ae. aegypti abundance might be responsible for spatial differences in dengue transmission at KC. Our comparative approach, where we also observed a significant increment in the abundance of Cx. quinquefasciatus in the dengue transmission hotspot, suggests this area might be more likely to experience outbreaks of other vector borne diseases and should become a primary focus for vector surveillance and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Chon Ng
- College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.
| | - Luis Fernando Chaves
- Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA), Apartado Postal 4-2250, Tres Ríos, Cartago, Costa Rica.
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Apartado Postal 304-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica.
| | - Kun-Hsien Tsai
- College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.
| | - Ting-Wu Chuang
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing Street, Xinyi District, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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11
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Lana RM, Morais MM, de Lima TFM, Carneiro TGDS, Stolerman LM, dos Santos JPC, Cortés JJC, Eiras ÁE, Codeço CT. Assessment of a trap based Aedes aegypti surveillance program using mathematical modeling. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190673. [PMID: 29304070 PMCID: PMC5755894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to assess the goodness-of-fit of theoretical models of population dynamics of Aedes aegypti to trap data collected by a long term entomological surveillance program. The carrying capacity K of this vector was estimated at city and neighborhood level. Adult mosquito abundance was measured via adults collected weekly by a network of sticky traps (Mosquitraps) from January 2008 to December 2011 in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. K was the only free parameter estimated by the model. At the city level, the model with temperature as a driver captured the seasonal pattern of mosquito abundance. At the local level, we observed a spatial heterogeneity in the estimated carrying capacity between neighborhoods, weakly associated with environmental variables related to poor infrastructure. Model goodness-of-fit was influenced by the number of sticky traps, and suggests a minimum of 16 traps at the neighborhood level for surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martins Lana
- Programa de Computação Científica, (PROCC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Maíra Moreira Morais
- Centro Universitário de Belo Horizonte (UniBH), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tiago França Melo de Lima
- Departamento de Computação e Sistemas (DECSI), Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Aplicadas (ICEA), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), João Monlevade, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Martins Stolerman
- Programa de Computação Científica, (PROCC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Pereira Caldas dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Álvaro Eduardo Eiras
- Laboratório de Ecologia Química de Insetos Vetores (Labeq), Departamento de Parasitologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Torres Codeço
- Programa de Computação Científica, (PROCC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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12
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Ibañez-Justicia A, Gloria-Soria A, den Hartog W, Dik M, Jacobs F, Stroo A. The first detected airline introductions of yellow fever mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) to Europe, at Schiphol International airport, the Netherlands. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:603. [PMID: 29221490 PMCID: PMC5723084 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2555-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Air-borne introduction of exotic mosquitoes to Schiphol airport in the Netherlands has been considered plausible based upon findings of mosquitoes in aircraft cabins during 2008, 2010 and 2011. Beginning in 2013, surveillance efforts at Schiphol had focused on promptly detecting accidental introductions at the airport facilities in order to quickly react and avoid temporary proliferation or establishment of mosquito populations, identify the origin of the introductions, and avoid potential transmission of vector-borne diseases. Methods BG-Mosquitaire mosquito traps were set at the most likely locations for arrival of the invasive Aedes mosquitoes as part of the mosquito monitoring program at Schiphol airport. Samples were collected bi-weekly. Upon detection of exotic specimens, information about the origin of the flights arriving to the particular location at the airport where specimens were captured was requested from airport authorities. The GIS tool Intersect was then used to identify airports of origin common to positive trapping locations during the specific trapping period. Captured Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were subsequently genotyped at 12 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers and compared to a reference database of 79 populations around the world to further narrow down their location of origin. Results In 2016, six adult yellow fever mosquitoes were captured indoors and outdoors at the airport of Schiphol in the Netherlands confirming, for the first time, air-borne transport of this mosquito vector species into Europe. Mosquitoes were captured during three time periods: June, September and October. Containers carried by aircrafts are considered the most likely pathway for this introduction. GIS analysis and genetic assignment tests on these mosquitoes point to North America or the Middle East as possible origins, but the small sample size prevents us from reliably identifying the geographic origin of this introduction. Conclusions The arrival of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes to Schiphol airport from flights arriving from overseas, demonstrates the potential risk of international flights to public health as carriers of arthropod vectors of disease. The results strongly suggest that disinsection of containers and their storage compartments inside the aircrafts could contribute to preventing future introductions of mosquito vectors. Invasive mosquito species introduced by aircrafts from overseas could become seasonally established during the warmer months in Europe, or permanently in certain climatically suitable areas for the species, with major consequences for human health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-017-2555-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ibañez-Justicia
- Centre for Monitoring of Vectors, Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - A Gloria-Soria
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - W den Hartog
- Centre for Monitoring of Vectors, Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Dik
- Centre for Monitoring of Vectors, Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - F Jacobs
- Centre for Monitoring of Vectors, Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Stroo
- Centre for Monitoring of Vectors, Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Faria NR, da Costa AC, Lourenço J, Loureiro P, Lopes ME, Ribeiro R, Alencar CS, Kraemer MUG, Villabona-Arenas CJ, Wu CH, Thézé J, Khan K, Brent SE, Romano C, Delwart E, Custer B, Busch MP, Pybus OG, Sabino EC. Genomic and epidemiological characterisation of a dengue virus outbreak among blood donors in Brazil. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15216. [PMID: 29123142 PMCID: PMC5680240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks caused by Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya viruses can spread rapidly in immunologically naïve populations. By analysing 92 newly generated viral genome sequences from blood donors and recipients, we assess the dynamics of dengue virus serotype 4 during the 2012 outbreak in Rio de Janeiro. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the outbreak was caused by genotype II, although two isolates of genotype I were also detected for the first time in Rio de Janeiro. Evolutionary analysis and modelling estimates are congruent, indicating a reproduction number above 1 between January and June, and at least two thirds of infections being unnoticed. Modelling analysis suggests that viral transmission started in early January, which is consistent with multiple introductions, most likely from the northern states of Brazil, and with an increase in within-country air travel to Rio de Janeiro. The combination of genetic and epidemiological data from blood donor banks may be useful to anticipate epidemic spread of arboviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno R Faria
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Antonio Charlys da Costa
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,LIM46, Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - José Lourenço
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Loureiro
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Fundação Hemope, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Ribeiro
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,LIM46, Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Chieh-Hsi Wu
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Thézé
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kamran Khan
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shannon E Brent
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Camila Romano
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eric Delwart
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA.,University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brian Custer
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA.,University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael P Busch
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA.,University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Oliver G Pybus
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ester C Sabino
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,LIM46, Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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14
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Johnson BJ, Hurst T, Quoc HL, Unlu I, Freebairn C, Faraji A, Ritchie SA. Field Comparisons of the Gravid Aedes Trap (GAT) and BG-Sentinel Trap for Monitoring Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations and Notes on Indoor GAT Collections in Vietnam. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:340-348. [PMID: 27707983 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on the use of the Gravid Aedes Trap (GAT) as a surveillance device for Aedes albopictus (Skuse) relative to the BG-Sentinel (BGS) trap in field studies conducted in Trenton, NJ, and on Hammond Island, Queensland, Australia. A parallel study conducted in Nha Trang, Vietnam, assessed the use of the GAT as an indoor surveillance device as well as the use of canola oil as a noninsecticide killing agent. In Trenton and Hammond Island, the GAT collected fewer male (0.40 ± 0.12 and 0.43 ± 0.30, respectively) and female (3.05 ± 0.67 and 2.7 ± 2.3, respectively) Ae. albopictus than the BGS trap (males: 3.54 ± 1.26 and 3.75 ± 0.83; females: 4.66 ± 1.18 and 3.9 ± 0.23) over their respective sampling periods (i.e., 24 h for the BGS and 1 wk for the GAT). Despite differences in capture rates, the percentage of traps positive for female Ae. albopictus was similar between the BGS and GAT (Trenton: 60.1 ± 6.3% and 64.4 ± 4.1%; Hammond: 87.5 ± 6.9% and 80.0 ± 8.2%). In Nha Trang, the GAT was equally effective indoors and outdoors with (10 g hay or 3 g fish food) and without (water or empty) infusion. Additionally, no significant decrease in collections was observed between GATs set with canola oil or long-lasting insecticidal net. In summary, both traps were successful in monitoring female Ae. albopictus over their respective trapping intervals, but would be best used to complement each other to monitor both sexes and all physiological stages of female Ae. albopictus. However, the versatility and low-cost of the GAT makes it an attractive alternative to the more expensive BGS trap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Johnson
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia ( ; )
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
| | - Tim Hurst
- Australian Foundation for Peoples of Asia and the Pacific Limited, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hung Luu Quoc
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Isik Unlu
- Mercer County Mosquito Commission, West Trenton, NJ
- Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, 180 Jones Ave., New Brunswick, NJ
| | | | - Ary Faraji
- Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District, 2020 North Redwood Rd., Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Scott A Ritchie
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia ( ; )
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
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15
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da Cruz Ferreira DA, Degener CM, de Almeida Marques-Toledo C, Bendati MM, Fetzer LO, Teixeira CP, Eiras ÁE. Meteorological variables and mosquito monitoring are good predictors for infestation trends of Aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue, chikungunya and Zika. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:78. [PMID: 28193291 PMCID: PMC5307865 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aedes aegypti is an important vector for arboviroses and widely distributed throughout the world. Climatic factors can influence vector population dynamics and, consequently, disease transmission. The aim of this study was to characterize the temporal dynamics of an Ae. aegypti population and dengue cases and to investigate the relationship between meteorological variables and mosquito infestation. Methods We monitored and analyzed the adult female Ae. aegypti population, the dengue-fever vector, in Porto Alegre, a subtropical city in Brazil using the MI-Dengue system (intelligent dengue monitoring). This system uses sticky traps to monitor weekly infestation indices. We fitted generalized additive models (GAM) with climate variables including precipitation, temperature and humidity, and a GAM that additionally included mosquito abundance in the previous week as an explanatory variable. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the effect of adult mosquito infestation on the probability of dengue occurrence. Results Adult mosquito abundance was strongly seasonal, with low infestation indices during the winters and high infestation during the summers. Weekly minimum temperatures above 18 °C were strongly associated with increased mosquito abundance, whereas humidity above 75% had a negative effect on abundance. The GAM model that included adult mosquito infestation in the previous week adjusted and predicted the observed data much better than the model which included only meteorological predictor variables. Dengue was also seasonal and 98% of all cases occurred at times of high adult Ae. aegypti infestation. The probability of dengue occurrence increased by 25%, when the mean number of adult mosquitos caught by monitoring traps increased by 0.1 mosquitoes per week. Conclusions The results suggest that continuous monitoring of dengue vector population allows for more reliable predictions of infestation indices. The adult mosquito infestation index was a good predictor of dengue occurrence. Weekly adult dengue vector monitoring is a helpful dengue control strategy in subtropical Brazilian cities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2025-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cecilia de Almeida Marques-Toledo
- Ecovec Ltda., Parque Tecnológico de Belo Horizonte (BHTec) Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Álvaro Eduardo Eiras
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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16
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[Recommendations for the surveillance of Aedes aegypti]. BIOMEDICA 2016; 36:454-462. [PMID: 27869394 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v36i3.2892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diseases caused by arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti, such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika, continue to rise in annual incidence and geographic expansion. A key limitation for achieving control of A. aegypti has been the lack of effective tools for monitoring its population, and thus determine what control measures actually work. Surveillance of A. aegypti has been based mainly on immature indexes, but they bear little relation to the number of mosquito females, which are the ones capable of transmitting the viruses. The recent development of sampling techniques for adults of this vector species promises to facilitate surveillance and control activities. In this review, we present the various monitoring techniques for this mosquito, along with a discussion of their usefulness, and recommendations for improved entomological surveillance.
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17
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Silva Lima AW, Honório NA, Codeço CT. Spatial Clustering of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and Its Impact on Entomological Surveillance Indicators. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 53:343-348. [PMID: 26659607 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjv187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Spatial clustering of Aedes aegypti (L.) was assessed in 0.25-km2 sampling plots located in three different neighborhoods in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Monitoring was carried out with two oviposition traps (collecting either. eggs or adult mosquitoes) over a consecutive 80-wk period. Taylor power laws (TPL) were used to assess clustering in both adult and egg collections. The clustering level observed in both TPL models was sufficient to increase by two to three times the sampling effort required to achieve a desired precision of population estimates of egg and adults collections, respectively. The relationship between positivity and density indices was also affected by this clustering level, and virtually no changes in positivity data were observed for variations of adult densities over two mosquitoes per trap. General TPL model parameterizations for dealing with clustering of egg and adult populations of Ae. aegypti are proposed. Accounting for clustering-related issues is necessary for an appropriate design and interpretation of trap-based entomological surveillance data.
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18
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Sriwichai P, Karl S, Samung Y, Sumruayphol S, Kiattibutr K, Payakkapol A, Mueller I, Yan G, Cui L, Sattabongkot J. Evaluation of CDC light traps for mosquito surveillance in a malaria endemic area on the Thai-Myanmar border. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:636. [PMID: 26666683 PMCID: PMC4678759 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Centers for Disease Control and Prevention miniature light traps (CDC-LT) baited with CO2 are a routine tool for adult mosquito sampling used in entomological surveys, and for monitoring and surveillance of disease vectors. The present study was aimed at evaluating the performance of baited and unbaited CDC-LT for indoor and outdoor trapping of endemic mosquito species in northwestern Thailand. Methods CDC-LT (n = 112) with and without dry ice baits were set both indoors and outdoors in 88 selected houses for stretches of 5 consecutive nights per month in 7 villages in Tha Song Yang district, Tak province between January 2011 and March 2013. Individual traps were repeatedly placed in the same location for a median of 6 (range 1–10) times. Mosquitoes were identified by morphological characteristics and classified into blood-fed, empty, male/female and gravid. Absolute mosquito numbers were converted to capture rates (i.e., mosquitoes per trap and year). Capture rates were compared using multilevel negative binomial regression to account for multiple trap placements and adjust for regional and seasonal differences. Results A total of 6,668 mosquitoes from 9 genera were collected from 576 individual CDC-LT placements. Culex was the predominant captured genus (46 %), followed by anopheline mosquitoes (45 %). Overall, CO2 baited traps captured significantly more Culex (especially Culex vishnui Theobald) and Anopheles mosquitoes per unit time (adjusted capture rate ratio (aCRR) 1.64 and 1.38, respectively). Armigeres spp. mosquitoes were trapped in outdoor traps with significantly higher frequency (aCRR: 1.50), whereas Aedes albopictus (Skuse) had a tendency to be trapped more frequently indoors (aCRR: 1.89, p = 0.07). Furthermore, capture rate ratios between CO2 baited and non-baited CDC-LT were significantly influenced by seasonality and indoor vs. outdoor trap placement. Conclusion The present study shows that CDC-LT with CO2 baiting capture significantly more Culex and Anopheles mosquitoes, some of which (e.g., Cx. vishnui, Cx. quinquefasciatus Say, An. minimus s.l. Theobald, An. maculatus s.l. Theobald) represent important disease vectors in Thailand. This study also shows significant differences in the capture efficiency of CDC-LT when placed indoors or outdoors and in different seasons. Our study thus provides important guidelines for more targeted future vector trapping studies on the Thai-Myanmar border, which is an important cross-border malaria transmission region in Thailand. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-1225-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patchara Sriwichai
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Stephan Karl
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Yudthana Samung
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Suchada Sumruayphol
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Kirakorn Kiattibutr
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Anon Payakkapol
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Liwang Cui
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Jetsumon Sattabongkot
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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