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Hejnova L, Hronova A, Drastichova Z, Novotny J. Long-term administration of morphine specifically alters the level of protein expression in different brain regions and affects the redox state. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220858. [PMID: 38681734 PMCID: PMC11049758 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the changes in redox state and protein expression in selected parts of the rat brain induced by a 4 week administration of morphine (10 mg/kg/day). We found a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation that mostly persisted for 1 week after morphine withdrawal. Morphine treatment led to a significant increase in complex II in the cerebral cortex (Crt), which was accompanied by increased protein carbonylation, in contrast to the other brain regions studied. Glutathione levels were altered differently in the different brain regions after morphine treatment. Using label-free quantitative proteomic analysis, we found some specific changes in protein expression profiles in the Crt, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum on the day after morphine withdrawal and 1 week later. A common feature was the upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins and dysregulation of the extracellular matrix. Our results indicate that the tested protocol of morphine administration has no significant toxic effect on the rat brain. On the contrary, it led to a decrease in lipid peroxidation and activation of anti-apoptotic proteins. Furthermore, our data suggest that long-term treatment with morphine acts specifically on different brain regions and that a 1 week drug withdrawal is not sufficient to normalize cellular redox state and protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Hejnova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Hronova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Drastichova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Novotny
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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2
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Zhu W, Neuwirth LS, Cadet P. Regulation of the Endogenous Opiate Signaling Pathway against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: A Considerable Approach for Exploring Preclinical Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Pharmacology 2023; 108:550-564. [PMID: 37820589 DOI: 10.1159/000533775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative stress and inflammation are major factors contributing to the progressive death of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent studies have demonstrated that morphine's biosynthetic pathway, coupled with nitric oxide (NO) release, is evolutionarily conserved throughout animals and humans. Moreover, dopamine is a key precursor for morphine biosynthesis. METHOD The present study evaluated a series of preclinical experiments to evaluate the effects of low-level morphine treatment upon neuro-immune tissues exposed to rotenone and 6-OHDA as models of PD, followed by an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cell proliferation assay and cell/tissue computer-assisted imaging analyses to assess cell/neuronal viability. RESULTS Morphine at normal physiological concentrations (i.e., 10-6 M and 10-7 M) provided neuroprotection, as it significantly inhibited rotenone and 6-OHDA dopaminergic insults; thereby, reducing and/or forestalling cell death in invertebrate ganglia and human nerve cells. To ensure that morphine caused this neuroprotective effect, naloxone, a potent opiate receptor antagonist, was employed and the results showed that it blocked morphine's neuroprotective effects. Additionally, co-incubation of NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME also blocked morphine's neuroprotective effects against rotenone and 6-OHDA insults. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the present preclinical study showed that while morphine can attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and cell death, both naloxone and L-NAME can abolish this effect. Preincubation of morphine precursors (i.e., L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, reticuline, and trihexyphenidyl [THP] at physiological concentrations) mimics the observed morphine effect. However, high concentrations of THP, a precursor of the morphine biosynthetic pathway, induced cell death, indicating the physiological importance of morphine biosynthesis in neural tissues. Thus, understanding the morphine biosynthetic pathway coupled with a NO signaling mechanism as a molecular target for neuroprotection against oxidative stress and inflammation in other preclinical models of PD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute (NRI), Old Westbury, New York, USA
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, New York, USA
- Department of Biology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, New York, USA
| | - Lorenz S Neuwirth
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute (NRI), Old Westbury, New York, USA
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, New York, USA
| | - Patrick Cadet
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute (NRI), Old Westbury, New York, USA
- Department of Biology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, New York, USA
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3
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Vujić T, Schvartz D, Furlani IL, Meister I, González-Ruiz V, Rudaz S, Sanchez JC. Oxidative Stress and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Are Signature Pathways of Extracellular Vesicles Released upon Morphine Exposure on Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233926. [PMID: 36497184 PMCID: PMC9741159 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphine, a commonly used antinociceptive drug in hospitals, is known to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by first passing through brain endothelial cells. Despite its pain-relieving effect, morphine also has detrimental effects, such as the potential induction of redox imbalance in the brain. However, there is still insufficient evidence of these effects on the brain, particularly on the brain endothelial cells and the extracellular vesicles that they naturally release. Indeed, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized bioparticles produced by almost all cell types and are currently thought to reflect the physiological state of their parent cells. These vesicles have emerged as a promising source of biomarkers by indicating the functional or dysfunctional state of their parent cells and, thus, allowing a better understanding of the biological processes involved in an adverse state. However, there is very little information on the morphine effect on human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs), and even less on their released EVs. Therefore, the current study aimed at unraveling the detrimental mechanisms of morphine exposure (at 1, 10, 25, 50 and 100 µM) for 24 h on human brain microvascular endothelial cells as well as on their associated EVs. Isolation of EVs was carried out using an affinity-based method. Several orthogonal techniques (NTA, western blotting and proteomics analysis) were used to validate the EVs enrichment, quality and concentration. Data-independent mass spectrometry (DIA-MS)-based proteomics was applied in order to analyze the proteome modulations induced by morphine on HBMECs and EVs. We were able to quantify almost 5500 proteins in HBMECs and 1500 proteins in EVs, of which 256 and 148, respectively, were found to be differentially expressed in at least one condition. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the "cell adhesion and extracellular matrix remodeling" process and the "HIF1 pathway", a pathway related to oxidative stress responses, were significantly modulated upon morphine exposure in HBMECs and EVs. Altogether, the combination of proteomics and bioinformatics findings highlighted shared pathways between HBMECs exposed to morphine and their released EVs. These results put forward molecular signatures of morphine-induced toxicity in HBMECs that were also carried by EVs. Therefore, EVs could potentially be regarded as a useful tool to investigate brain endothelial cells dysfunction, and to a different extent, the BBB dysfunction in patient circulation using these "signature pathways".
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Vujić
- Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Izadora Liranço Furlani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-904, Brazil
| | - Isabel Meister
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Víctor González-Ruiz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Charles Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-22-379-54-86
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Rullo L, Caputi FF, Losapio LM, Morosini C, Posa L, Canistro D, Vivarelli F, Romualdi P, Candeletti S. Effects of Different Opioid Drugs on Oxidative Status and Proteasome Activity in SH-SY5Y Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238321. [PMID: 36500414 PMCID: PMC9738452 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Opioids are the most effective drugs used for the management of moderate to severe pain; however, their chronic use is often associated with numerous adverse effects. Some results indicate the involvement of oxidative stress as well as of proteasome function in the development of some opioid-related side effects including analgesic tolerance, opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) and dependence. Based on the evidence, this study investigated the impact of morphine, buprenorphine or tapentadol on intracellular reactive oxygen species levels (ROS), superoxide dismutase activity/gene expression, as well as β2 and β5 subunit proteasome activity/biosynthesis in SH-SY5Y cells. Results showed that tested opioids differently altered ROS production and SOD activity/biosynthesis. Indeed, the increase in ROS production and the reduction in SOD function elicited by morphine were not shared by the other opioids. Moreover, tested drugs produced distinct changes in β2(trypsin-like) and β5(chymotrypsin-like) proteasome activity and biosynthesis. In fact, while prolonged morphine exposure significantly increased the proteolytic activity of both subunits and β5 mRNA levels, buprenorphine and tapentadol either reduced or did not alter these parameters. These results, showing different actions of the selected opioid drugs on the investigated parameters, suggest that a low µ receptor intrinsic efficacy could be related to a smaller oxidative stress and proteasome activation and could be useful to shed more light on the role of the investigated cellular processes in the occurrence of these opioid drug side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rullo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Felicia Caputi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Loredana Maria Losapio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Morosini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Posa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University, 700 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Donatella Canistro
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Vivarelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Romualdi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0512091866
| | - Sanzio Candeletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Lai HC, Kuo YW, Huang YH, Chan SM, Cheng KI, Wu ZF. Pancreatic Cancer and Microenvironments: Implications of Anesthesia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112684. [PMID: 35681664 PMCID: PMC9179559 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is a lethal malignant neoplasm with less than 10% 5-year relative survival after the initial diagnosis. Several factors may be related to the poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer, including the rapid tumor progression, increased metastatic propensity, insignificant symptoms, shortage of early diagnostic biomarkers, and its tendency toward resistance to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Pancreatic neoplastic cells interact intimately with a complicated microenvironment that can foster drug resistance, metastasis, or relapse in pancreatic cancer. In addition, evidence shows that perioperative factors, including surgical manipulation, anesthetics, or analgesics, might alter the tumor microenvironment and cancer progression. This review outlines the up-to-date knowledge of anesthesia implications in the pancreatic microenvironment and provides future anesthetic strategies for improving pancreatic cancer survival. Abstract Pancreatic malignancy is a lethal neoplasm, as well as one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality, having a 5-year overall survival rate of less than 10%. The average life expectancy of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer does not exceed six months. Although surgical excision is a favorable modality for long-term survival of pancreatic neoplasm, metastasis is initially identified in nearly 80% of the patients by the time of diagnosis, making the development of therapeutic policy for pancreatic cancer extremely daunting. Emerging evidence shows that pancreatic neoplastic cells interact intimately with a complicated microenvironment that can foster drug resistance, metastasis, or relapse in pancreatic cancer. As a result, the necessity of gaining further insight should be focused on the pancreatic microenvironment contributing to cancer progression. Numerous evidence reveals that perioperative factors, including surgical manipulation and anesthetics (e.g., propofol, volatile anesthetics, local anesthetics, epidural anesthesia/analgesia, midazolam), analgesics (e.g., opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tramadol), and anesthetic adjuvants (such as ketamine and dexmedetomidine), might alter the tumor microenvironment and cancer progression by affecting perioperative inflammatory or immune responses during cancer surgery. Therefore, the anesthesiologist plays an important role in perioperative management and may affect surgical outcomes. However, the literature on the impact of anesthesia on the pancreatic cancer microenvironment and progression is limited. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the implications of anesthesia in the pancreatic microenvironment and provides future anesthetic strategies for improving pancreatic cancer survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Chuan Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (Y.-H.H.); (S.-M.C.)
| | - Yi-Wei Kuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-W.K.); (K.-I.C.)
| | - Yi-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (Y.-H.H.); (S.-M.C.)
| | - Shun-Ming Chan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (Y.-H.H.); (S.-M.C.)
| | - Kuang-I Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-W.K.); (K.-I.C.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Fu Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (Y.-H.H.); (S.-M.C.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-W.K.); (K.-I.C.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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6
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Reymond S, Vujić T, Schvartz D, Sanchez JC. Morphine-induced modulation of Nrf2-antioxidant response element signaling pathway in primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4588. [PMID: 35301408 PMCID: PMC8931063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphine is one of the most potent opioid analgesic used for pain treatment. Morphine action in the central nervous system requires crossing the blood-brain barrier. Due to the controversial relationship between morphine and oxidative stress, the potential pro- or antioxidant effects of morphine in the blood-brain barrier is important to be understood, as oxidative stress could cause its disruption and predispose to neurodegenerative diseases. However, investigation is scarce in human brain endothelial cells. Therefore, the present study evaluated the impact of morphine exposure at three different concentrations (1, 10 and 100 µM) for 24 h and 48 h on primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells. A quantitative data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry strategy was used to analyze proteome modulations. Almost 3000 proteins were quantified of which 217 were reported to be significantly regulated in at least one condition versus untreated control. Pathway enrichment analysis unveiled dysregulation of the Nrf2 pathway involved in oxidative stress response. Seahorse assay underlined mitochondria dysfunctions, which were supported by significant expression modulations of relevant mitochondrial proteins. In conclusion, our study revealed the dysregulation of the Nrf2 pathway and mitochondria dysfunctions after morphine exposure, highlighting a potential redox imbalance in human brain endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Reymond
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tatjana Vujić
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domitille Schvartz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Charles Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology, Geneva, Switzerland.
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7
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Baby SM, Discala JF, Gruber R, Getsy PM, Cheng F, Damron DS, Lewis SJ. Tempol Reverses the Negative Effects of Morphine on Arterial Blood-Gas Chemistry and Tissue Oxygen Saturation in Freely-Moving Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:749084. [PMID: 34630119 PMCID: PMC8493249 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.749084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have reported that pretreatment with the clinically approved superoxide dismutase mimetic, Tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl), blunts the cardiorespiratory depressant responses elicited by a subsequent injection of fentanyl, in halothane-anesthetized rats. The objective of the present study was to determine whether Tempol is able to reverse the effects of morphine on arterial blood-gas (ABG) chemistry in freely-moving Sprague Dawley rats. The intravenous injection of morphine (10 mg/kg) elicited substantial decreases in pH, pO2 and sO2 that were accompanied by substantial increases in pCO2 and Alveolar-arterial gradient, which results in diminished gas-exchange within the lungs. Intravenous injection of a 60 mg/kg dose of Tempol 15 min after the injection of morphine caused minor improvements in pO2 and pCO2 but not in other ABG parameters. In contrast, the 100 mg/kg dose of Tempol caused an immediate and sustained reversal of the negative effects of morphine on arterial blood pH, pCO2, pO2, sO2 and Alveolar-arterial gradient. In other rats, we used pulse oximetry to determine that the 100 mg/kg dose of Tempol, but not the 60 mg/kg dose elicited a rapid and sustained reversal of the negative effects of morphine (10 mg/kg, IV) on tissue O2 saturation (SpO2). The injection of morphine caused a relatively minor fall in mean arterial blood pressure that was somewhat exacerbated by Tempol. These findings demonstrate that Tempol can reverse the negative effects of morphine on ABG chemistry in freely-moving rats paving the way of structure-activity and mechanisms of action studies with the host of Tempol analogues that are commercially available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryan Gruber
- Galleon Pharmaceuticals Inc, Horsham, PA, United states
| | - Paulina M Getsy
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United states
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United states
| | - Derek S Damron
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United states
| | - Stephen J Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United states.,Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United states
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Baby S, Gruber R, Discala J, Puskovic V, Jose N, Cheng F, Jenkins M, Seckler J, Lewis S. Systemic Administration of Tempol Attenuates the Cardiorespiratory Depressant Effects of Fentanyl. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:690407. [PMID: 34248639 PMCID: PMC8260831 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.690407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fentanyl is a high-potency opioid receptor agonist that elicits profound analgesia and suppression of breathing in humans and animals. To date, there is limited evidence as to whether changes in oxidant stress are important factors in any of the actions of acutely administered fentanyl. This study determined whether the clinically approved superoxide dismutase mimetic, Tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl), or a potent antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine methyl ester (L-NACme), modify the cardiorespiratory and analgesic actions of fentanyl. We examined whether the prior systemic injection of Tempol or L-NACme affects the cardiorespiratory and/or analgesic responses elicited by the subsequent injection of fentanyl in isoflurane-anesthetized and/or freely moving male Sprague-Dawley rats. Bolus injections of Tempol (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg, IV) elicited minor increases in frequency of breathing, tidal volume and minute ventilation. The ventilatory-depressant effects of fentanyl (5 μg/kg, IV) given 15 min later were dose-dependently inhibited by prior injections of Tempol. Tempol elicited dose-dependent and transient hypotension that had (except for the highest dose) resolved when fentanyl was injected. The hypotensive responses elicited by fentanyl were markedly blunted after Tempol pretreatment. The analgesic actions of fentanyl (25 μg/kg, IV) were not affected by Tempol (100 mg/kg, IV). L-NACme did not modify any of the effects of fentanyl. We conclude that prior administration of Tempol attenuates the cardiorespiratory actions of fentanyl without affecting the analgesic effects of this potent opioid. As such, Tempol may not directly affect opioid-receptors that elicit the effects of fentanyl. Whether, the effects of Tempol are solely due to alterations in oxidative stress is in doubt since the powerful antioxidant, L-NACme, did not affect fentanyl-induced suppression of breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Baby
- Galleon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Horsham, PA, United States
| | - Ryan Gruber
- Galleon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Horsham, PA, United States
| | - Joseph Discala
- Galleon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Horsham, PA, United States
| | | | - Nijo Jose
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Michael Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - James Seckler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Stephen Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Varshney H, Siddique YH. Role of natural plant products against Alzheimer's disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 20:904-941. [PMID: 33881973 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210420135437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major neurodegenerative disorder. Deposition of amyloid fibrils and tau protein are associated with various pathological symptoms. Currently limited medication is available for AD treatment. Most of the drugs are basically cholinesterase inhibitors and associated with various side effects. Natural plant products have shown potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD symptoms. Variety of secondary metabolites like flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids and phenols are used to reduce the progression of the disease. Plant products have less or no side effect and are easily available. The present review gives a detailed account of the potential of natural plant products against the AD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Varshney
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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10
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Yarahmadzehi S, Fanaei H, Mirshekar MA, Atashpanjeh AR. Opium consumption exerts protective effect against cerebral ischemia through reducing inflammation and enhancing antioxidant defense in male rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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11
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Yaman Aktaş Y, Durgun H, Durhan R. Cold Therapy and the Effect on Pain and Physiological Parameters in Patients Recovering from Spine Surgery: A Randomized Prospective Study. Complement Med Res 2020; 28:31-39. [PMID: 32610330 DOI: 10.1159/000508029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the effect of cold therapy (CT) on pain and physiological parameters after spine surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Study participants were randomly assigned to either a control group or a CT group. The outcome measured was pain intensity rated by a numeric rating scale. Psychological outcome measures were considered secondary. RESULTS Thirty-eight patients in each group completed the study. No statistically significant difference was found between the pain scores of patients in the CT and those in the control group during the 24-h period following surgery (group: F = 0.01, p = 0.922). However, it was found that the pain scores of patients in the CT group were significantly lower than those in the control group during the 48-h period (group: F = 10.59, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION CT reduced pain scores during the 48-h period following spine surgery. Our findings support the use of CT as an adjuvant therapy in pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeşim Yaman Aktaş
- Department of Surgical Nursing,Faculty of Health Sciences, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey,
| | - Hanife Durgun
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Durhan
- Neuro-Surgery Clinic, Ordu Public Hospital, Ordu, Turkey
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Winiarska-Mieczan A, Baranowska-Wójcik E, Kwiecień M, Grela ER, Szwajgier D, Kwiatkowska K, Kiczorowska B. The Role of Dietary Antioxidants in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Their Impact on Cerebral Oxidoreductive Balance. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020435. [PMID: 32046360 PMCID: PMC7071337 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are progressive diseases of the nervous system that lead to neuron loss or functional disorders. Neurodegenerative diseases require long-term, sometimes life-long pharmacological treatment, which increases the risk of adverse effects and a negative impact of pharmaceuticals on the patients’ general condition. One of the main problems related to the treatment of this type of condition is the limited ability to deliver drugs to the brain due to their poor solubility, low bioavailability, and the effects of the blood-brain barrier. Given the above, one of the main objectives of contemporary scientific research focuses on the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. As disorders related to the competence of the antioxidative system are a marker in all diseases of this type, the primary prophylactics should entail the use of exogenous antioxidants, particularly ones that can be used over extended periods, regardless of the patient’s age, and that are easily available, e.g., as part of a diet or as diet supplements. The paper analyzes the significance of the oxidoreductive balance in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Based on information published globally in the last 10 years, an analysis is also provided with regard to the impact of exogenous antioxidants on brain functions with respect to the prevention of this type of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (E.R.G.); (K.K.); (B.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-445-67-44; Fax: +48-81-53-335-49
| | - Ewa Baranowska-Wójcik
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (E.B.-W.); (D.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Kwiecień
- Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (E.R.G.); (K.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Eugeniusz R. Grela
- Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (E.R.G.); (K.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Dominik Szwajgier
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (E.B.-W.); (D.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (E.R.G.); (K.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Bożena Kiczorowska
- Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (E.R.G.); (K.K.); (B.K.)
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Skrabalova J, Karlovska I, Hejnova L, Novotny J. Protective Effect of Morphine Against the Oxidant-Induced Injury in H9c2 Cells. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2019; 18:374-385. [PMID: 29380194 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-018-9448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
There are some indications that morphine may exert myocardial protective effects under certain conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of morphine on viability and oxidative state of H9c2 cells (rat cardiomyoblasts) influenced by oxidative stress that was elicited by exposure to tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP). Our experiments showed that pretreatment with morphine before the addition of t-BHP markedly improved cell viability. Morphine was able to increase total antioxidant capacity of H9c2 cells and to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species, protein carbonylation, and lipid peroxidation. Cellular damage caused by t-BHP was associated with low levels of p38 MAPK and GSK-3β phosphorylation. Pretreatment with morphine augmented p38 phosphorylation, and the increased phospho-p38/p38 ratio was preserved even in the presence of t-BHP. Morphine did not change the level of GSK-3β phosphorylation, but interestingly, the phospho-GSK-3β/GSK-3β ratio significantly increased after subsequent incubation with t-BHP. Furthermore, morphine exposure resulted in upregulation of the antioxidant enzyme catalase. The protective effect of morphine was abrogated by the addition of the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin and/or p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580. It can be concluded that morphine may protect H9c2 cells against oxidative stress and that this protection is at least partially mediated through activation of the p38 MAPK and PI3K/GSK-3β pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Skrabalova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Karlovska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Hejnova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Novotny
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Hussain G, Rasul A, Anwar H, Aziz N, Razzaq A, Wei W, Ali M, Li J, Li X. Role of Plant Derived Alkaloids and Their Mechanism in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:341-357. [PMID: 29559851 PMCID: PMC5859479 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.23247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are conventionally demarcated as disorders with selective loss of neurons. Conventional as well as newer molecules have been tested but they offer just symptomatic advantages along with abundant side effects. The discovery of more compelling molecules that can halt the pathology of these diseases will be considered as a miracle of present time. Several synthetic compounds are available but they may cause several other health issues. Therefore, natural molecules from the plants and other sources are being discovered to replace available medicines. In conventional medicational therapies, several plants have been reported to bestow remedial effects. Phytochemicals from medicinal plants can provide a better and safer alternative to synthetic molecules. Many phytochemicals have been identified that cure the human body from a number of diseases. The present article reviews the potential efficacy of plant-derived alkaloids, which possess potential therapeutic effects against several NDDs including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington disease (HD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Epilepsy, Schizophrenia, and stroke. Alkaloids include isoquinoline, indole, pyrroloindole, oxindole, piperidine, pyridine, aporphine, vinca, β-carboline, methylxanthene, lycopodium, and erythrine byproducts. Alkaloids constitute positive roles in ameliorating pathophysiology of these illnesses by functioning as muscarinic and adenosine receptors agonists, anti-oxidant, anti-amyloid and MAO inhibitors, acetylcholinestrase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor, inhibitor of α-synuclein aggregation, dopaminergic and nicotine agonist, and NMDA antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Hussain
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science. 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Nimra Aziz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Aroona Razzaq
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Wei Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Jiang Li
- Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-eighth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2015 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia, stress and social status, tolerance and dependence, learning and memory, eating and drinking, drug abuse and alcohol, sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology, mental illness and mood, seizures and neurologic disorders, electrical-related activity and neurophysiology, general activity and locomotion, gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions, cardiovascular responses, respiration and thermoregulation, and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Nylander E, Grönbladh A, Zelleroth S, Diwakarla S, Nyberg F, Hallberg M. Growth hormone is protective against acute methadone-induced toxicity by modulating the NMDA receptor complex. Neuroscience 2016; 339:538-547. [PMID: 27746341 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human growth hormone (GH) displays promising protective effects in the central nervous system after damage caused by various insults. Current evidence suggests that these effects may involve N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function, a receptor that also is believed to play a role in opioid-induced neurotoxicity. The aims of the present study were to examine the acute toxic effects of methadone, an opioid receptor agonist and NMDA receptor antagonist, as well as to evaluate the protective properties of recombinant human GH (rhGH) on methadone-induced toxicity. Primary cortical cell cultures from embryonic day 17 rats were grown for 7days in vitro. Cells were treated with methadone for 24h and the 50% lethal dose was calculated and later used for protection studies with rhGH. Cellular toxicity was determined by measuring mitochondrial activity, lactate dehydrogenase release, and caspase activation. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of NMDA receptor subunits were investigated following methadone and rhGH treatment using quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. A significant protective effect was observed with rhGH treatment on methadone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and in methadone-induced LDH release. Furthermore, methadone significantly increased caspase-3 and -7 activation but rhGH was unable to inhibit this effect. The mRNA expression of the NMDA receptor subunit GluN1, GluN2a, and GluN2b increased following methadone treatment, as assessed by qPCR, and rhGH treatment effectively normalized this expression to control levels. We have demonstrated that rhGH can rescue cells from methadone-induced toxicity by maintaining mitochondrial function, cellular integrity, and NMDA receptor complex expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Nylander
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, SE-751 24, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - Alfhild Grönbladh
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, SE-751 24, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Sofia Zelleroth
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, SE-751 24, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Shanti Diwakarla
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, SE-751 24, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Fred Nyberg
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, SE-751 24, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Mathias Hallberg
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, SE-751 24, Uppsala University, Sweden
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Amini-Khoei H, Hosseini MJ, Momeny M, Rahimi-Balaei M, Amiri S, Haj-Mirzaian A, Khedri M, Jahanabadi S, Mohammadi-Asl A, Mehr SE, Dehpour AR. Morphine Attenuated the Cytotoxicity Induced by Arsenic Trioxide in H9c2 Cardiomyocytes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 173:132-9. [PMID: 26815588 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0631-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is an efficient drug for the treatment of the patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Inhibition of proliferation as well as apoptosis, attenuation of migration, and induction of differentiation in tumor cells are the main mechanisms through which ATO acts against APL. Despite advantages of ATO in treatment of some malignancies, certain harmful side effects, such as cardiotoxicity, have been reported. It has been well documented that morphine has antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and cytoprotective properties and is able to attenuate cytotoxicity. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of morphine against ATO toxicity in H9c2 myocytes using multi-parametric assay including thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, caspase 3 activity, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation assay, and expression of apoptotic markers. Our results showed that morphine (1 μM) attenuated cytotoxicity induced by ATO in H9c2 cells. Results of this study suggest that morphine may have protective properties in management of cardiac toxicity in patients who receive ATO as an anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir-Jamal Hosseini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Momeny
- Department of Molecular Pathology, University of Queensland, Center for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Maryam Rahimi-Balaei
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shayan Amiri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arya Haj-Mirzaian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Khedri
- Department of Immunology, Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samane Jahanabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi-Asl
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Ejtemaie Mehr
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Motaghinejad M, Karimian M, Motaghinejad O, Shabab B, Yazdani I, Fatima S. Protective effects of various dosage of Curcumin against morphine induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in rat isolated hippocampus. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:230-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Sock-Jin L, Kumolosasi E, Azmi N, Bukhari SNA, Jasamai M, Fauzi NM. Effects of synthetic chalcone derivatives on oxidised palmitoyl arachidonoyl phosphorylcholine-induced proinflammatory chemokines production. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11073d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidised 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (OxPAPC) induces the production of proinflammatory chemokines has been widely studied for its role in vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lim Sock-Jin
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- 50300 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Endang Kumolosasi
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- 50300 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Norazrina Azmi
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- 50300 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- 50300 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Malina Jasamai
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- 50300 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Norsyahida Mohd Fauzi
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- 50300 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
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Morphine protects against methylmercury intoxication: a role for opioid receptors in oxidative stress? PLoS One 2014; 9:e110815. [PMID: 25330195 PMCID: PMC4201572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercury is an extremely dangerous environmental contaminant responsible for episodes of human intoxication throughout the world. Methylmercury, the most toxic compound of this metal, mainly targets the central nervous system, accumulating preferentially in cells of glial origin and causing oxidative stress. Despite studies demonstrating the current exposure of human populations, the consequences of mercury intoxication and concomitant use of drugs targeting the central nervous system (especially drugs used in long-term treatments, such as analgesics) are completely unknown. Morphine is a major option for pain management; its global consumption more than quadrupled in the last decade. Controversially, morphine has been proposed to function in oxidative stress independent of the activation of the opioid receptors. In this work, a therapeutic concentration of morphine partially protected the cellular viability of cells from a C6 glioma cell line exposed to methylmercury. Morphine treatment also reduced lipid peroxidation and totally prevented increases in nitrite levels in those cells. A mechanistic study revealed no alteration in sulfhydryl groups or direct scavenging at this opioid concentration. Interestingly, the opioid antagonist naloxone completely eliminated the protective effect of morphine against methylmercury intoxication, pointing to opioid receptors as the major contributor to this action. Taken together, the experiments in the current study provide the first demonstration that a therapeutic concentration of morphine is able to reduce methylmercury-induced oxidative damage and cell death by activating the opioid receptors. Thus, these receptors may be a promising pharmacological target for modulating the deleterious effects of mercury intoxication. Although additional studies are necessary, our results support the clinical safety of using this opioid in methylmercury-intoxicated patients, suggesting that normal analgesic doses could confer an additional degree of protection against the cytotoxicity of this xenobiotic.
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