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Ertuğrul Uygun HD, Odaci D. Impedimetric Single Carbon Fiber Electrode for Ultrasensitive Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Pathogen DNAs in Breast Milk by CRISPR Technology. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:25172-25180. [PMID: 38882121 PMCID: PMC11170623 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a novel biosensing approach for the detection of pathogen DNA in breast milk utilizing single carbon fiber electrodes (SCFE) enhanced with MXene nanomaterial layers. The primary innovation lies in the modification of SCFE with MXenes to increase the electrode's surface area, followed by surface activation for the immobilization of dCas9-sgRNA complexes. This modification aims to leverage the unique properties of MXenes and the selective binding capability of the CRISPR technology for efficient and specific pathogen detection. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were employed to characterize the electrode modifications and the immobilization process, demonstrating the successful enhancement of biosensor performance. This study further optimized the chronoimpedimetric detection method to achieve rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of Staphylococcus aureus (SAu) DNA in breast milk, with a notable detection time of 60 s in real samples. The biosensor demonstrated high selectivity and sensitivity, with a linear detection range between 50 and 6000 fM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 14.5 fM. The reproducibility and stability of the biosensor were also confirmed through multiple tests, showing promising potential for clinical and public health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilmiye Deniz Ertuğrul Uygun
- Center for Fabrication and Application of Electronic Materials, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca, İzmir 35220, Türkiye
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir 35040, Türkiye
| | - Dilek Odaci
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir 35040, Türkiye
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Szyller H, Antosz K, Batko J, Mytych A, Dziedziak M, Wrześniewska M, Braksator J, Pytrus T. Bioactive Components of Human Milk and Their Impact on Child's Health and Development, Literature Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1487. [PMID: 38794725 PMCID: PMC11124180 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The composition of human breast milk is an ideal combination of substances necessary for the healthy development of an infant's body while protecting from pathogens and the balanced development of the microbiota. Its composition is dynamic and changes with the age of the child, meeting their current needs. The study provides a thorough overview of human milk components, such as immunological components, growth factors, hormones, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, and vitamins. Authors focus on capturing the most important aspects of the effects of these substances on a newborn's body, while also looking for specific connections and describing the effects on given systems. Supplementation and the use of ingredients are also discussed. The purpose of this paper is to present the current state of knowledge about the bioactive components of human milk and their impact on the growth, development, and health of the young child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Szyller
- Student Scientific Group of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.); (J.B.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Antosz
- Student Scientific Group of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.); (J.B.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Joanna Batko
- Student Scientific Group of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.); (J.B.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Agata Mytych
- Student Scientific Group of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.); (J.B.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Marta Dziedziak
- Student Scientific Group of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.); (J.B.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Martyna Wrześniewska
- Student Scientific Group of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.); (J.B.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Joanna Braksator
- 2nd Clinical Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocalw, Poland; (J.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Tomasz Pytrus
- 2nd Clinical Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocalw, Poland; (J.B.); (T.P.)
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Gomez JA, Abela K, LoBiondo-Wood G. A Systemic Review of the Difference Between Diets for Preterm Infants Containing Raw Mother's Own Milk and Frozen or Pasteurized Mother's Own Milk. J Hum Lact 2024; 40:259-269. [PMID: 38328919 DOI: 10.1177/08903344241227941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Raw, never stored or pasteurized mother's own milk (MOM) is not always available to feed preterm infants; however, storage and pasteurization of MOM diminishes some bioactive components. It can be difficult to feed raw MOM to preterm infants due to transportation and storage of small volumes that might be pumped away from the infant, and a concern that they might harbor bacteria. However, the higher availability of bioactive components in raw MOM may provide benefits to preterm infants compared to frozen or pasteurized MOM. RESEARCH AIM To systematically review and summarize the results of studies on feeding raw MOM versus frozen or pasteurized MOM to preterm infants born at less than 37 weeks of gestation. METHODS Four databases were searched (Cochrane, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science) for this systematic review. Of 542 studies identified, nine met inclusion criteria and were critically evaluated using the quality assessment tool for quantitative studies by the Effective Public Health Practice Project. Studies were organized using the Breastfeeding Challenges Facing Preterm Mother-Infant Dyads theoretical framework. RESULTS Included studies evaluated the outcomes of preterm infants fed raw versus pasteurized MOM (n = 7, 77.8%) or raw versus frozen MOM (n = 2, 22.2%). Researchers found that raw MOM did not increase infant infections and may have improved health and growth outcomes for study participants. CONCLUSION There is laboratory evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of the use of raw MOM for preterm infants. A raw MOM diet is recommended for preterm infants by professional organizations. Despite this, it may not be universally prioritized and could require purposeful implementation by each institution. Further research is needed to pursue the potential benefits of a raw MOM diet for preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ann Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karla Abela
- Department of Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Cizik School of Nursing, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Geri LoBiondo-Wood
- Bette P. Thomas Distinguished Professor for Innovative Healthcare Delivery, Director, Ph.D. Program, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Cizik School of Nursing, Houston, TX, USA
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Suteerojntrakool O, Mekangkul E, Maitreechit D, Khabuan S, Sodsai P, Hirankarn N, Thumbovorn R, Chomtho S. Preservation of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies in Breast Milk: Impact of Maternal COVID-19 Vaccination and Infection. Breastfeed Med 2024; 19:340-348. [PMID: 38506333 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2023.0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate specific immunoglobulin A (sIgA), specific immunoglobulin G (sIgG), and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in breast milk and compare immunity in mothers with hybrid immunity (infection and vaccination) versus those solely vaccinated (coronavirus disease [COVID]-naïve). Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted among lactating mothers who received at least two doses of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine or tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Details of vaccination and infection were collected through questionnaires and interviews. Fifteen milliliters of breast milk samples, self-collected at 1, 3, and 6 months postvaccination or infection, were sent to analysis for sIgA, sIgG, and NAbs using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: In total, 119 lactating mothers (202 milk samples) were enrolled; 82 participants had hybrid immunity, and 32 were COVID-19-naïve. Two-thirds received a combination of different vaccines and booster shots. Breast milk retained sIgA, sIgG, and NAbs for up to 6 months post-COVID vaccination or infection. At 3 months, mothers with hybrid immunity had significantly higher sIgA and NAbs compared with COVID-naïve mothers (geometric mean [95% confidence interval (CI)] of sIgA 2.72 [1.94-3.8] vs. 1.44 [0.83-2.48]; NAbs 86.83 [84.9-88.8] vs. 81.28 [76.02-86.9]). No differences in sIgA, sIgG, and NAbs were observed between lactating mothers receiving two, three, or more than or equal to three doses, regardless of hybrid immunity or COVID-naïve status. Conclusion: sIgA, sIgG, and NAbs against SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk sustained for up to 6 months postimmunization and infection. Higher immunity was found in mothers with hybrid immunity. These transferred immunities confirm in vitro protection, supporting the safety of breastfeeding during and after COVID-19 vaccination or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orapa Suteerojntrakool
- Pediatric Nutrition Research Unit, Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Ambulatory Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Eakkarin Mekangkul
- Pediatric Nutrition Research Unit, Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Siriporn Khabuan
- Pediatric Nutrition Research Unit, Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pimpayao Sodsai
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungtip Thumbovorn
- Department of Microbiology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirinuch Chomtho
- Pediatric Nutrition Research Unit, Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Lugonja N, Marinković V, Pucarević M, Miletić S, Stojić N, Crnković D, Vrvić M. Human Milk-The Biofluid That Nourishes Infants from the First Day of Life. Foods 2024; 13:1298. [PMID: 38731669 PMCID: PMC11083309 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Human milk is a biofluid with a unique composition among mammalian milks. Besides this milk's major components, its bioactive compounds, like hormones, immune factors, and oligosaccharides, are unique and important for infant growth and development. The best form of nutrition for term and preterm infants is the mother's own milk. However, in the absence of the mother's own milk, donor milk should be made available. Milk banks support neonatal intensive care units by providing preterm infants with human milk that generally has reasonable nutritive value for this sensitive population. However, neither mother's own milk nor donor milk has sufficient energy content for the growth of preterm babies, so adequate human milk supplementation is crucial for their progress. Due to the different characteristics of human breast milk, as well as ubiquitous environmental pollutants, such as microplastics, new methods are required for monitoring the quality and characteristics of human milk, which will lay a solid foundation for the further development and progress of human milk research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Lugonja
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Vesna Marinković
- Institute of Neonatology, Kralja Milutina 50, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Mira Pucarević
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, Educons University, Vojvode Putnika 87, 21208 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia; (M.P.); (N.S.); (M.V.)
| | - Srdjan Miletić
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Nataša Stojić
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, Educons University, Vojvode Putnika 87, 21208 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia; (M.P.); (N.S.); (M.V.)
| | - Dragan Crnković
- City Public Health Institute of Belgrade, Blvd. Despot Stefana 54a, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Miroslav Vrvić
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, Educons University, Vojvode Putnika 87, 21208 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia; (M.P.); (N.S.); (M.V.)
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Mawad TN, Bin-Ali D, Daghistani G, Alshinawi A, Alsaywid B. Pattern of urinary tract infection in children with vesicoureteric reflux: Does breastfeeding reduce the occurrence of urinary tract infection? Urol Ann 2024; 16:160-168. [PMID: 38818430 PMCID: PMC11135348 DOI: 10.4103/ua.ua_51_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The protective factors against urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the setting of vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) remain poorly defined. Breastfeeding was suggested as a protective factor against UTI, but its role remains undetermined in this highly susceptible population. Objectives The objective of the study was to identify the pattern and risk factors of UTI and investigate the effect of breastfeeding on UTI occurrence in VUR children. Materials and Methods This was a mixed-method design, whereby the first part was a cross-sectional study that included children who were diagnosed with VUR and were assessed for their UTI pattern. The second part was a case-control study, which involved contacting the mothers of the children enrolled and questioning them about their breastfeeding pattern, and UTI development was assessed. Results Our study included 62 children with a median age of 4.4 (interquartile range = 21) months at diagnosis. Of those, 37 (60%) were male and 25 (40%) were female. Most UTIs occurred in the first 3 months of life, and the first episodes were more frequent in males. Constipation was significantly associated with the occurrence of UTI (relative risk [RR] =1.750 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.231-2.489], P = 0.003). Children with breakthrough UTIs were more likely to have been breastfed for <9 months (odds ratio [OR] = 4.091 [95% CI: 1.287-13.002], P = 0.015) and to have been exclusively breastfed for <2 months (OR = 4.600 [95% CI: 1.337-15.823], P = 0.012). Conclusion Children with VUR are more susceptible to UTIs in their 1st year of life. Constipation is a major risk factor for UTI occurrence in VUR children and should be aggressively managed. Breastfeeding for longer durations showed promising protective features against breakthrough UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tala N. Mawad
- School of Medicine, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dania Bin-Ali
- College of Applied Medical Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Amani Alshinawi
- College of Applied Medical Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basim Alsaywid
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Education and Research Skills Directory, Saudi National Institute of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Kivlighan KT, Schneider SS, Browne EP, Pentecost BT, Anderton DL, Arcaro KF. Mammary epithelium permeability during established lactation: associations with cytokine levels in human milk. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1258905. [PMID: 38419845 PMCID: PMC10900798 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1258905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The cytokine profile of human milk may be a key indicator of mammary gland health and has been linked to infant nutrition, growth, and immune system development. The current study examines the extent to which mammary epithelium permeability (MEP) is associated with cytokine profiles during established lactation within a sample of US mothers. Methods Participants were drawn from a previous study of human milk cytokines. The present analysis includes 162 participants (98 Black, 64 White) with infants ranging from 1 to 18 months of age. Levels of cytokines were determined previously. Here we measure milk sodium (Na) and potassium (K) levels with ion-selective probes. Two approaches were used to define elevated MEP: Na levels ≥10 mmol/L and Na/K ratios greater than 0.6. Associations between maternal-infant characteristics, elevated MEP, and twelve analytes (IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, IL-1β, FASL, VEGFD, FLT1, bFGF, PLGF, EGF, leptin, adiponectin) were examined using bivariate associations, principal components analysis, and multivariable logistic regression models. Results Elevated MEP was observed in 12 and 15% of milk samples as defined by Na and Na/K cutoffs, respectively. The odds of experiencing elevated MEP (defined by Na ≥ 10 mmol/L) were higher among Black participants and declined with older infant age. All cytokines, except leptin, were positively correlated with either Na or the Na/K ratio. A pro-inflammatory factor (IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, IL-1β, EGF) and a tissue remodeling factor (FASL, VEGFD, FLT1, bFGF, PLGF, adiponectin) each contributed uniquely to raising the odds of elevated MEP as defined by either Na or the Na/K ratio. Conclusion This exploratory analysis of MEP and cytokine levels during established lactation indicates that elevated MEP may be more common in US populations than previously appreciated and that individuals identifying as Black may have increased odds of experiencing elevated MEP based on current definitions. Research aimed at understanding the role of MEP in mammary gland health or infant growth and development should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie T. Kivlighan
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Sallie S. Schneider
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Eva P. Browne
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Brian T. Pentecost
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Douglas L. Anderton
- Department of Sociology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Kathleen F. Arcaro
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
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Vassilopoulou E, Feketea G, Pagkalos I, Rallis D, Milani GP, Agostoni C, Douladiris N, Lakoumentas J, Stefanaki E, Efthymiou Z, Tsabouri S. Complementary Feeding Practices: Recommendations of Pediatricians for Infants with and without Allergy Risk. Nutrients 2024; 16:239. [PMID: 38257132 PMCID: PMC10819658 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the routine guidance provided by pediatricians concerning the timing of complementary feeding (CF) for both healthy infants and those at a heightened risk of allergies. METHODS A total of 233 pediatricians participated in an anonymous online survey that included questions about demographics and recommendations for CF. Specifically, they provided guidance on the types of foods, preparation methods, supplements, time intervals for introducing new foods to infants at low and high allergy risk, and delayed food introductions for high-risk cases. RESULTS The respondents advised introducing certain foods at specific ages: fruits, starchy non-gluten grains, vegetables, olive oil, and meat were appropriate at 6 months; gluten-rich grains at 7 months; yogurt, hard-boiled eggs, and legumes at 8 months; fish at 8.5 months; and nuts at 9 months. Pediatricians, especially those with less than 15 years of practice, often introduced egg, seafood, gluten-rich grains, legumes, and nuts earlier for high-risk infants. Parenthood and male gender were associated with the earlier introduction of eggs and grains. CONCLUSIONS Greek pediatricians follow a structured food introduction schedule for CF in infants. Interestingly, they tend to delay the introduction of common food allergens and recommend longer intervals between introducing new foods, particularly for high-risk infants. Key Notes: Despite recent evidence-based indications on healthy complementary feeding strategies for infants, discrepancies persist among pediatricians regarding food choices and the order and timing of food introduction, both for healthy infants and those at risk of allergy. Guidance on complementary feeding by pediatricians is influenced by their individual characteristics. Pediatricians tend to delay the introduction of common food allergens and recommend longer intervals between introducing new foods, particularly for high-risk infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Vassilopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.V.); (I.P.); (J.L.); (Z.E.)
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.P.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Gavriela Feketea
- Department of Pediatrics, “Karamandaneio” Children’s Hospital of Patra, 26331 Patras, Greece
- Department of Pharmacology, “luliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioannis Pagkalos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.V.); (I.P.); (J.L.); (Z.E.)
| | - Dimitrios Rallis
- School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (D.R.); (S.T.)
| | - Gregorio Paolo Milani
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.P.M.); (C.A.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.P.M.); (C.A.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Douladiris
- Allergy Unit, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - John Lakoumentas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.V.); (I.P.); (J.L.); (Z.E.)
| | - Evangelia Stefanaki
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Heraklion, Venizeleio and Pananio, 71409 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Zenon Efthymiou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.V.); (I.P.); (J.L.); (Z.E.)
| | - Sophia Tsabouri
- School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (D.R.); (S.T.)
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Zurutuza JI, Gonzalez S, Calderón AL, Caba M, Ramos FR. Changes in the Immunology of Breast Milk From Obese or Overweight Women: a Brief Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e52207. [PMID: 38327967 PMCID: PMC10847007 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A systematic search was carried out through search platforms and specialized databases, such as Academic Google, PubMed, and Scopus, using thesauri: breast feeding, obesity, immunology, and human milk in English and Spanish, and those articles published from January 2000 to December 2021, in both languages. Only those reports that included quantitative data on immunological components in the milk of normal-weight and overweight women were considered. The PRISMA 2020 guides were used, and a total of 306 articles were reviewed, of which a total of 33 were included, according to the basic inclusion criteria. It was observed that in obese mothers, there is an increase in certain immune cells, such as B lymphocytes, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and NK cells, and cytokines, such as IL-6 and IFN-γ; other alterations included the bacterial population and proteins with antibacterial action. Also, a decrease in growth factors such as TGF-β and IFG-1 was documented in overweight women. Immunoglobulin concentrations did not show substantial changes. This brief review shows that maternal overweight is associated with changes in the biochemical and immunological parameters of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge I Zurutuza
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centro de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, MEX
| | - Santiago Gonzalez
- Chemistry, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, MEX
| | - Ana L Calderón
- Neuropathology, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugia, Ciudad de Mexico, MEX
| | - Mario Caba
- Neuroscience, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, MEX
| | - Fernando R Ramos
- Chemistry, Instituto de Quimica Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, MEX
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10
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Froń A, Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M. Understanding the Immunological Quality of Breast Milk in Maternal Overweight and Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:5016. [PMID: 38140275 PMCID: PMC10746120 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity, affecting many pregnant women globally, not only poses immediate health risks but also modulates breast milk composition. Obesity is linked to inflammation and oxidative stress, impacting breast milk's immune properties. This paper explores the intricate relationship between maternal metabolic disorders, such as obesity, and breast milk's immunological components. We conducted a thorough search for original and review articles published until 17 October 2023 in the PUBMED/Scopus database. This search included several terms related to human breast milk, immunological properties, and obesity. Articles were selected with the consensus of all authors. Maternal metabolic disorders have discernible effects on the composition of immune-related components in breast milk, such as immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein, growth factors, extracellular vesicles, and lymphocytes. These changes in breast milk composition can significantly impact the newborn's immune system, with potential long-term health implications beyond the immediate postnatal period. Maternal metabolic health is a critical factor in shaping the health trajectory of the neonate through breastfeeding, although the full advantages of breastfeeding for children of mothers with obesity remain uncertain. Ongoing research aims to understand and unravel these links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Froń
- Division of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 48/50, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Orczyk-Pawiłowicz
- Division of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 48/50, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland
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Simonit R, Maudet S, Giuffra V, Riccomi G. Infantile scurvy as a consequence of agricultural intensification in the 1st millennium BCE Etruria Campana. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21396. [PMID: 38049537 PMCID: PMC10696072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48455-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The 1st millennium BCE in Italy was a time of agricultural intensification of staple cereal production which shaped sociocultural, political, and economic spheres of pre-Roman groups. The lifeways and foodways of the Etruscans, the greatest civilization in western Europe before Roman hegemony, are traditionally inferred from secondary written sources, funerary archaeology, archaeobotany, and zooarchaeology. However, no direct data extrapolated from the study of human skeletal remains are available to evaluate the extent to which agricultural intensification and decreased dietary diversity impacted health and the expression of skeletal indicators of metabolic disease. Macroscopic and radiological analyses were conducted on an archaeological skeletal sample of non-adults (n = 29) recovered from Pontecagnano (southern Italy) dating to the Orientalizing period (730-580 BCE). This allowed us to identify five cases of scorbutic non-adults and to assign diagnostic values to skeletal lesions of scurvy that have not been previously described in the literature. The onset of scurvy in the examined sample is related to the increased reliance of Etruscans on crops lacking vitamin C in this period of agricultural intensification. The skeletal expression of scurvy varied among the non-adults, with differences in location and disease severity; these were interpreted considering the age-at-death of the individuals coupled with feeding behaviors and interindividual variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Simonit
- Division of Paleopathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Giuffra
- Division of Paleopathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Riccomi
- Division of Paleopathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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12
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Suteerojntrakool O, Mekangkul E, Ananta P, Maitreechit D, Khabuan S, Sodsai P, Hirankarn N, Thumbovorn R, Chomtho S. The Persistence of Specific Immunoglobulin A Against SARS-CoV-2 in Human Milk After Maternal COVID-19 Vaccination. Breastfeed Med 2023; 18:943-950. [PMID: 38100444 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2023.0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in breast milk of Thai mothers post COVID-19 vaccination and/or SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to compare the sIgA among lactating mothers with varying COVID-19 vaccination regimes. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted in lactating mothers receiving ≥2 doses of COVID-19 vaccine or confirming SARS-CoV-2-positive test as a part of an infant feeding survey. Vaccination and infection details were collected through questionnaires and interviews. Self-collected breast milk samples (30 mL) at 1, 3, and 6 months postvaccination or infection were analyzed for sIgA through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Eighty-eight lactating mothers (152 milk samples), average age of 30.7 ± 6.2 years, were recruited. Fifty-five percent of milk samples were from lactating mothers with both SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination (hybrid immunity); 40% were from those with vaccination alone (COVID naïve). Sixty percent of lactating mothers received mixed types of vaccines. Median sIgA ratio in breast milk was 2.67 (0.82-7.85). Breast milk sIgA at 1, 3, and 6 months were higher in mothers with hybrid immunity than in COVID naïve (geometric mean [95% confidence interval]: 3.30 [2.06-5.29] versus 1.04 [0.52-2.04], 3.39 [2.24-5.13] versus 1.26 [0.77-2.06], 4.29 [3.04-6.06] versus 1.33 [0.74-2.42], respectively). No significant differences were observed among various vaccination regimes. Conclusion: sIgA against SARS-CoV-2 was detected in breast milk for up to 6 months after immunization together with infection at a greater level than after immunization or infection alone. This immunity could be transferred and protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Discontinuation of breastfeeding among mothers who received COVID vaccination or experienced infection should be discouraged. Clinical Trial Registration number: TCTR20220215012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orapa Suteerojntrakool
- Pediatric Nutrition Research Unit, Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Ambulatory Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Eakkarin Mekangkul
- Pediatric Nutrition Research Unit, Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattaraporn Ananta
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Siriporn Khabuan
- Pediatric Nutrition Research Unit, Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pimpayao Sodsai
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungtip Thumbovorn
- Department of Microbiology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirinuch Chomtho
- Pediatric Nutrition Research Unit, Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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13
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Ahmed S, Jiang X, Liu G, Yang H, Sadiq A, Yi D, Farooq U, Yiyu S, Zubair M. The protective role of maternal genetic immunization on maternal-fetal health and welfare. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2023; 163:763-777. [PMID: 37218379 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a critical period associated with alterations in physiologic, biologic, and immunologic processes, which can affect maternal-fetal health through development of several infectious diseases. At birth, neonates have an immature immune system that makes them more susceptible to severe viral infections and diseases. For this reason, different maternal nutritional and immunization interventions have been used to improve the immune and health status of the mother and her neonate through passive immunity. Here, we reviewed the protective role of maternal immunization with different types of vaccines, especially genetic vaccines, during pregnancy in maternal-fetal health, immune response, colostrum quality, immune response, and anti-oxidative status. For this purpose, we have used different scientific databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) and other official web pages. We customized the search period range from the year 2000 to 2023 using the key words "maternal immunization" OR "gestation period/pregnancy" OR "genetic vaccination" OR "maternal-fetal health" OR "micronutrients" OR "neonatal immunity" "oxidative stress" OR "colostrum quality". The evidence demonstrated that inactivated or killed vaccines produced significant immune protection in the mother and fetus. Furthermore, most recent studies have suggested that the use of genetic vaccines (mRNA and DNA) during pregnancy is efficient at triggering the immune response in mother and neonate without the risk of undesired pregnancy outcomes. However, factors such as maternal redox balance, nutritional status, and the timing of immunization play essential roles in regulating immune response inflammatory status, antioxidant capacity, and the welfare of both the pregnant mother and her newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xunping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiqiong Liu
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiguo Yang
- Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Amber Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ding Yi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Umar Farooq
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sha Yiyu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Pakistan
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14
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Sabino J, Tarassishin L, Eisele C, Hawkins K, Barré A, Nair N, Rendon A, Debebe A, Picker M, Agrawal M, Stone J, George J, Legnani P, Maser E, Chen CL, Thjømøe A, Mørk E, Dubinsky M, Hu J, Colombel JF, Peter I, Torres J. Influence of Early Life Factors, including breast milk Composition, on the Microbiome of Infants Born to Mothers with and without Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:1723-1732. [PMID: 37279927 PMCID: PMC10673817 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Herein we analysed the influence of early life factors, including breast milk composition, on the development of the intestinal microbiota of infants born to mothers with and without IBD. METHODS The MECONIUM [Exploring MEChanisms Of disease traNsmission In Utero through the Microbiome] study is a prospective cohort study consisting of pregnant women with or without IBD and their infants. Longitudinal stool samples were collected from babies and analysed using 16s rRNA sequencing and faecal calprotectin. Breast milk proteomics was profiled using Olink inflammation panel. RESULTS We analysed gut microbiota of 1034 faecal samples from 294 infants [80 born to mothers with and 214 to mothers without IBD]. Alpha diversity was driven by maternal IBD status and time point. The major influencers of the overall composition of the microbiota were mode of delivery, feeding, and maternal IBD status. Specific taxa were associated with these exposures, and maternal IBD was associated with a reduction in Bifidobacterium. In 312 breast milk samples [91 from mothers with IBD], mothers with IBD displayed lower abundance of proteins involved in immune regulation, such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin-12 subunit beta, tumour necrosis factor-beta, and C-C motif chemokine 20, as compared with control mothers [adjusted p = 0.0016, 0.049, 0.049, and 0.049, respectively], with negative correlations with baby´s calprotectin, and microbiome at different time points. CONCLUSION Maternal IBD diagnosis influences microbiota in their offspring during early life. The proteomic profile of breast milk of women with IBD differs from that of women without IBD, with distinct time-dependent associations with baby's gut microbiome and feacal calprotectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Sabino
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leonid Tarassishin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Eisele
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
- College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Hawkins
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amelie Barré
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nile Nair
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexa Rendon
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anketse Debebe
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mellissa Picker
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manasi Agrawal
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Molecular Prediction of IBD [PREDICT], Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Joanne Stone
- Gastroenterology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - James George
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Legnani
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elana Maser
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ching-Lynn Chen
- Gastroenterology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Marla Dubinsky
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inga Peter
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joanna Torres
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Gastroenterology Division, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
- Gastroenterology Division, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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15
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Nguyen TTT, Nishino K, Le LTH, Inthaphatha S, Yamamoto E. Strong Negative Association between Cesarean Delivery and Early Initiation of Breastfeeding Practices among Vietnamese Mothers-A Secondary Analysis of the Viet Nam Sustainable Development Goal Indicators on Children and Women Survey. Nutrients 2023; 15:4501. [PMID: 37960155 PMCID: PMC10647442 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) involves feeding a newborn with the mother's breast milk within the first hour of delivery. The prevalence of EIBF in Vietnam has recently shown a downward trend. The present study aimed to demonstrate the current prevalence of EIBF practices and identify factors associated with EIBF among Vietnamese mothers with children under 24 months of age. This study was a secondary analysis of data from the Viet Nam Sustainable Development Goal Indicators on Children and Women (SDGCW) survey 2020-2021. The study participants included 1495 mothers extracted from the SDGCW dataset. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were performed. The prevalence of EIBF practice was 25.5% among all mothers, 31.9% among vaginal-delivery mothers groups, and 9.0% among cesarean-section mothers groups. Factors negatively associated with EIBF were younger age (0.18 times), cesarean delivery (0.25 times), and absence of skin-to-skin contact with newborns immediately after birth (0.43 times). The prevalence of EIBF among Vietnamese mothers was found to be substantially low, especially among those who underwent cesarean delivery. EIBF should be promoted among younger mothers and those who underwent cesarean delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam Thi Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (T.T.T.N.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen 250000, Vietnam
- Thai Nguyen General Hospital, Thai Nguyen 250000, Vietnam
| | - Kimihiro Nishino
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (T.T.T.N.)
| | | | - Souphalak Inthaphatha
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (T.T.T.N.)
| | - Eiko Yamamoto
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (T.T.T.N.)
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16
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Rahkola EN, Rautava S, Hiltunen H, Ross C, Lahti L, Isolauri E. The preterm gut microbiota and administration routes of different probiotics: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:1480-1487. [PMID: 37020105 PMCID: PMC10589095 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm children with their aberrant gut microbiota and susceptibility to infections and inflammation constitute a considerable target group for probiotic therapy to generate the age-appropriate healthy microbiota. METHODS 68 preterm neonates were randomized into five intervention groups: Beginning from the median age of 3 days, 13 children received Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) directly orally, and 17 via the lactating mother. 14 children received LGG with Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 (Bb12) orally, and 10 via the lactating mother. 14 children received placebo. The children's faecal microbiota was assessed at the age of 7 days by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS The gut microbiota compositions of the children directly receiving the probiotic combination (LGG + Bb12) were significantly different from those of the children receiving the other intervention modes or placebo (p = 0.0012; PERMANOVA), the distinction being due to an increase in the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium animalis (P < 0.00010; ANCOM-BC), and the order Lactobacillales (P = 0.020; ANCOM-BC). CONCLUSION The connection between aberrant primary gut microbiota and a heightened risk of infectious and non-communicable diseases invites effective microbiota modulation. We show that the direct, early, and brief probiotic intervention of LGG + Bb12 109 CFU each, is sufficient to modulate the gut microbiota of the preterm neonate. IMPACT Preterm children have a higher risk of several health problems partly due to their aberrant gut microbiota. More research is needed to find a safe probiotic intervention to modify the gut microbiota of preterm children. The maternal administration route via breast milk might be safer for the newborn. In our study, the early and direct administration of the probiotic combination Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG with Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 increased the proportion of bifidobacteria in the preterm children's gut at the age of 7 days, but the maternal administration route was not as effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella-Noora Rahkola
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Samuli Rautava
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Helsinki and Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henni Hiltunen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Chandler Ross
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Leo Lahti
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Erika Isolauri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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17
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Fu C, Sun W, Wang X, Zhu X. Human breast milk: A promising treatment for necrotizing enterocolitis. Early Hum Dev 2023; 184:105833. [PMID: 37523802 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disorder occurring in newborns, with a mortality rate ranging from 20 % to 30 %. The existing therapeutic approaches for NEC are limited in their effectiveness. Various factors contribute to the development of NEC, including disruption of barrier function, dysregulation of the intestinal immune system, and abnormal colonization of the intestinal microbiota. Researchers have shown considerable interest in exploring the therapeutic potential of the constituents present in human breast milk (HBM) for treating NEC. HBM contains numerous bioactive components, such as exosomes, growth factors, and oligosaccharides. However, the precise mechanisms by which HBM exerts its protective effects against NEC remain incompletely understood. In this study, our objective was to comprehensively review the bioactive substances present in HBM, aiming to facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchang Fu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Sun
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xingyun Wang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xueping Zhu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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18
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Qu F, Weschler LB, Zhang Y, Spengler JD. Childhood pneumonia in Beijing: Associations and interactions among selected demographic and environmental factors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116211. [PMID: 37257739 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Among infectious diseases, pneumonia is the greatest cause of mortality in children less than 5 years old. Approximately 27% of Beijing's 3-8 year-old children have had pneumonia at least once. The sole reservoir of pneumonia pathogens is the human nasopharynx. We investigated associations and interactions among two kinds of environmental risk factors: i) airborne pathogens, namely closed bedroom window and shared bedroom and ii) pollutants, namely traffic pollution and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). We evaluated breastfeeding's (BF) protective value against childhood pneumonia. The database consists of responses to a questionnaire in a cross-sectional study. Crude and adjusted Odds Ratios were assessed independently for each risk factor. Combinations of the studied risk factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Risk factors were evaluated for interactions on the additive scale using the metrics Relative Excess Risk due to Interaction (RERI), Attributable Proportion (AP) and Synergy Index (S). All independent risk factors were significant for children's pneumonia. We also found evidence of possible synergistic interaction between pairs of risk factors that was stronger when one of the risk factors was a closed bedroom window. Remarkably, window opening was associated with reduced risk of pneumonia for children living near heavy traffic pollution. Longer duration BF was more protective than shorter, and exclusive BF was more protective than partial BF against childhood pneumonia. In conclusion, low ventilation (closed bedroom windows), shared bedroom, ETS, and traffic exposure were associated with increased risk of pneumonia. Exclusive BF for more than six months had the greatest protective value against pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Qu
- China Meteorological Administration Training Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100081, China; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Louise B Weschler
- Independent Researcher, 161 Richdale Road, Colts Neck, NJ, 07722, United States.
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - John D Spengler
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
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19
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Karthigesu K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Determinants of early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding practices among rural mothers from Jaffna District of Sri Lanka. Int Breastfeed J 2023; 18:42. [PMID: 37580743 PMCID: PMC10426130 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-023-00575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sri Lanka is an upper-middle-income country with excellent health statistics. However, 2016 Demographic and Health Survey data have shown 82% and 64% of mothers exclusively breastfed infants aged 0-6 months and 4-5 months, respectively. The short duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has an impact on the growth and development of babies. Since no studies have been reported on EBF practices of the rural mothers in Jaffna District, an administrative district among 25 districts of Sri Lanka, this study aimed to assess the factors influencing the early cessation of EBF. METHODS For this community-based cross-sectional study, 338 mother-child pairs were selected from 2013-14. EBF was defined as children not receiving any food or drink, including complementary foods, formula milk or milk products except for medicines and vitamins or mineral drops, other than breast milk since birth. Socio-economic and demographic factors, the influence of the mode of delivery, and knowledge on EBF were obtained using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The details of EBF and reasons for the cessation of breastfeeding before six months were obtained from a subgroup of mothers (n = 208). Multivariate analysis was performed to explore the correlates of breastfeeding. RESULTS In this study, 71.2% (95% CI 64.5, 77.2) had practiced EBF for six months. Early discontinuation of EBF was practiced by employed mothers (AOR 4.3; 95% CI 1.3, 13.9), mothers of low birth weight babies (AOR 3.6; 95% CI 1.6, 8.2) and those who experienced Cesarean section birth (AOR 2.9; 95% CI 1.2, 6.9). The EBF practiced by mothers of rural Jaffna was not associated with the gender of the babies, type of family, number of children in a family, religion of the household, knowledge on EBF, or family income. CONCLUSION The prevalence of EBF up to six months was low in rural Jaffna, and it was influenced by employment, birthweight of the babies, and the mode of delivery. To enhance EBF, the Regional Directorate of Health Service, Jaffna, should take necessary action with policymakers to increase maternity leave for at least six months, reduce the Cesarean section rate, and provide nutritional support to pregnant mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandeepan Karthigesu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, Sri Lanka.
| | | | - Vasanthy Arasaratnam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, Sri Lanka
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Juncker HG, van Doesburg M, de Groot CJ, Pajkrt D, Korosi A, van Gils MJ, van Goudoever JB, van Keulen BJ. Physical activity in lactating women influences SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in human milk. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19218. [PMID: 37654447 PMCID: PMC10466918 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Moderate exercise results in a significant increase in serum and salivary immunoglobulins. Maternal physical activity might therefore also be a factor influencing antibody levels in human milk. This study aims to determine the influence of physical activity on SARS-CoV-2-specific Immunoglobulin A (IgA) in human milk and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum. Methods In this prospective cross-sectional cohort study, all lactating women in the Netherlands were eligible to participate. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA in human milk and IgG in serum were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data on performed physical activity was collected using the Short Questionnaire to Assess Health enhancing physical activity (SQUASH), which includes intensity and duration of the performed activity. Findings In total, 356 out of 2312 lactating women tested positive for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in serum. Of them, 323 filled in the questionnaire and were included in the analysis. An association between the activity score and SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in human milk (B = 1·035, 95·0% CI = 1·019 to 1·052, p = 0·042) and serum (B = 1·019, 95·0% CI = 1·009 to 1·029, p = 0·048) was demonstrated. No association was found between the duration of physical activity and SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in human milk or serum. Interpretation Our findings suggest that physical activity is beneficial for the levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in human milk and serum, with the intensity of the physical activity being the most important contributor to this relationship. A higher level of antibodies in human milk might provide better immunological protection for infants against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G. Juncker
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences - Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maritt van Doesburg
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christianne J.M. de Groot
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dasja Pajkrt
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aniko Korosi
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences - Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marit J. van Gils
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes B. van Goudoever
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Britt J. van Keulen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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21
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Nagai T, Kuroda T, Ishikawa K, Sakamoto K, Shirato N, Kudo Y. Pregnancy- and lactation-associated osteoporosis in the mother after the first and second children: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2023; 109:108464. [PMID: 37437326 PMCID: PMC10362254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study reports an unusual experience of a mother who may have developed birth-related osteoporosis after each of the births of her two children. PRESENTATION OF CASE A 31-year-old woman presented with lumbar back pain. She had given birth to her first child through vaginal delivery 4 months prior and was breastfeeding. Magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple fresh vertebral fractures, but continued breastfeeding resulted in further loss of bone density. The bone mineral density recovered after weaning. The patient gave birth to a second child three years after the first child's birth. She opted to discontinue breastfeeding after the detection of repeated instances of significant bone loss. No new vertebral fractures have occurred in the 9 years since the patient's initial visit to our clinic. DISCUSSION We describe a case where a mother experienced multiple episodes of rapid bone loss following childbirth. Bone health evaluation at an early stage following childbirth may be effective for preventing future bone fractures. CONCLUSION It is desirable to develop a team and guidelines for treating osteoporosis associated with pregnancy and lactation and for the next pregnancy and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nagai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan.
| | - Takuma Kuroda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Koji Ishikawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Keizo Sakamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Nahoko Shirato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kudo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
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Kemeter LM, Birzer A, Heym S, Thoma-Kress AK. Milk Transmission of Mammalian Retroviruses. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1777. [PMID: 37512949 PMCID: PMC10386362 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmission of viruses from one host to another typically occurs through horizontal or vertical pathways. The horizontal pathways include transmission amongst individuals, usually through bodily fluids or excretions, while vertical transmission transpires from mother to their offspring, either during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. While there are more than 200 human pathogenic viruses to date, only a small number of them are known to be transmitted via breast milk, including cytomegalovirus (CMV), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), the latter two belonging to the family Retroviridae. Breast milk transmission is a common characteristic among mammalian retroviruses, but there is a lack of reports summarizing our knowledge regarding this route of transmission of mammalian retroviruses. Here, we provide an overview of the transmission of mammalian exogenous retroviruses with a focus on Orthoretrovirinae, and we highlight whether they have been described or suspected to be transmitted through breast milk, covering various species. We also elaborate on the production and composition of breast milk and discuss potential entry sites of exogenous mammalian retroviruses during oral transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Kemeter
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Birzer
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heym
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea K Thoma-Kress
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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23
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Nava C, Di Gallo A, Biuso A, Daniele I, Lista G, Comberiati P, Peroni D, Zuccotti GV, D'Auria E. Early-Life Nutrition in Preterm Infants and Risk of Respiratory Infections and Wheezing: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3031. [PMID: 37447356 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preterm birth is a common early-life event that can lead to long-term consequences. The incidence of wheezing, asthma, and respiratory tract infections is higher in children born prematurely than in the general population. The purpose of this review was to synthesize the existing literature on the role of early-life nutrition in the later risk of respiratory morbidities. METHODS A scoping review of the literature was performed by searching three online databases. Inclusion criteria were: infants born <37 GWk, comparing human milk versus any other type of milk feeding formulation. Our primary outcomes were wheezing or asthma or respiratory tract infections after discharge. Two authors independently screened the results and extracted study characteristics using a predefined charting form. RESULTS Nine articles were included (eight cohort studies and one randomized trial). Four studies supported the protective effect of breastfeeding on wheezing or respiratory infections or both. Four studies did not confirm this association. One study confirmed the protective role of breastfeeding only on the subgroup of girls. There was a high heterogeneity among the included studies, in the type of milk feeding, outcomes, and age at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence is conflicting. The high heterogeneity and methodological flaws could have influenced the results of the studies. Carefully designed studies are required to define the role of early-life nutrition among preterm infants on their long-term respiratory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Nava
- Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Di Gallo
- Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Biuso
- Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Daniele
- Division of Neonatology, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lista
- Division of Neonatology, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Pasquale Comberiati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Paediatrics, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Diego Peroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Paediatrics, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Enza D'Auria
- Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
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24
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Bermejo-Haro MY, Camacho-Pacheco RT, Brito-Pérez Y, Mancilla-Herrera I. The hormonal physiology of immune components in breast milk and their impact on the infant immune response. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023:111956. [PMID: 37236499 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy, the maternal body undergoes a considerable transformation regarding the anatomy, metabolism, and immune profile that, after delivery, allows for protection and nourishment of the offspring via lactation. Pregnancy hormones are responsible for the development and functionality of the mammary gland for breast milk production, but little is known about how hormones control its immune properties. Breast milk composition is highly dynamic, adapting to the nutritional and immunological needs that the infant requires in the first months of life and is responsible for the main immune modeling of breastfed newborns. Therefore, alterations in the mechanisms that control the endocrinology of mammary gland adaptation for lactation could disturb the properties of breast milk that prepare the neonatal immune system to respond to the first immunologic challenges. In modern life, humans are chronically exposed to endocrine disruptors (EDs), which alter the endocrine physiology of mammals, affecting the composition of breast milk and hence the neonatal immune response. In this review, we provide a landscape of the possible role of hormones in the control of passive immunity transferred by breast milk and the possible effect of maternal exposure to EDs on lactation, as well as their impacts on the development of neonatal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mextli Y Bermejo-Haro
- Infectology and Immunology Department, National Institute of Perinatology (INPer), Mexico City, Mexico; Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo T Camacho-Pacheco
- Infectology and Immunology Department, National Institute of Perinatology (INPer), Mexico City, Mexico; Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Yesenia Brito-Pérez
- Infectology and Immunology Department, National Institute of Perinatology (INPer), Mexico City, Mexico; Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Ismael Mancilla-Herrera
- Infectology and Immunology Department, National Institute of Perinatology (INPer), Mexico City, Mexico.
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Fu ZY, Huang C, Lei L, Chen LC, Wei LJ, Zhou J, Tao M, Quan MT, Huang Y. The effect of oropharyngeal colostrum administration on the clinical outcomes of premature infants: A meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud 2023; 144:104527. [PMID: 37295286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm complications are now the second leading cause of death in children under five years of age. Colostrum is essential to prevent infection and promote maturation in preterm infants. Guidelines recommend that preterm infants be fed colostrum by the oral and pharyngeal routes as early as possible after birth to provide immune protection; however, due to disease and an uncoordinated sucking and swallowing function, it is challenging to provide colostrum through the oropharyngeal route, which limits the immune protection it provides. OBJECTIVE To update the existing meta-analysis, evaluate the effect of oropharyngeal colostrum administration on related outcomes in preterm infants and explore the optimal frequency and duration of oropharyngeal colostrum administration through subgroup analysis. METHODS The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Ovid databases were searched for randomized control trials (RCTs) of oropharyngeal colostrum administration for preterm infants. Two researchers screened the literature strictly according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and evaluated the quality. Primary data and data from the included literature were extracted. Finally, the data were statistically analyzed by the Review Manager 5.3 software. RESULTS A total of 1736 preterm infants were included in 16 RCTs. The meta-analysis showed that the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, late-onset sepsis, feeding intolerance, and death was lower, the time to full enteral feeding was shorter, and the day of recovery to birth weight was earlier in the intervention group (oropharyngeal colostrum administration group) than in the control group, and this difference was statistically significant. Subgroup analysis: Frequency of oropharyngeal colostrum administration: The incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis and late-onset sepsis in the once every 4 h group was lower than that in the control group, and the time to complete enteral feeding was shorter. Duration of oropharyngeal colostrum administration: In the 1-3 days group and 4-7 days group, the time to full enteral feeding in the intervention group was shorter. In the 8-10 days group, the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis and late-onset sepsis was lower in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS Oropharyngeal colostrum administration can reduce the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, late-onset sepsis, feeding intolerance and mortality, shorten the time to full enteral feeding, and lead to a faster recovery to birth weight in preterm infants. The appropriate oropharyngeal colostrum administration frequency may be 4 h, and the optimal duration may be 8-10 days. Therefore, it is recommended that clinical medical staff implement oropharyngeal colostrum administration for premature infants based on existing evidence. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Oropharyngeal colostrum administration can reduce the incidence of complications in preterm infants and shorten the time to full enteral feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yan Fu
- Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chi Huang
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Li Cheng Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Li Juan Wei
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jiao Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ming Tao
- Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ming Tao Quan
- School of Nursing, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, China.
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Tesfaye SH, Seboka BT, Sisay D. Spatial patterns and spatially-varying factors associated with childhood acute respiratory infection: data from Ethiopian demographic and health surveys (2005, 2011, and 2016). BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:293. [PMID: 37147575 PMCID: PMC10163815 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08273-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Ethiopia, acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five years. Geographically linked data analysis using nationally representative data is crucial to map spatial patterns of ARIs and identify spatially-varying factors of ARI. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate spatial patterns and spatially-varying factors of ARI in Ethiopia. METHODS Secondary data from the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) of 2005, 2011, and 2016 were used. Kuldorff's spatial scan statistic using the Bernoulli model was used to identify spatial clusters with high or low ARI. Hot spot analysis was conducted using Getis-OrdGi statistics. Eigenvector spatial filtering regression model was carried out to identify spatial predictors of ARI. RESULTS Acute respiratory infection spatially clustered in 2011 and 2016 surveys year (Moran's I:-0.011621-0.334486). The magnitude of ARI decreased from 12.6% (95%, CI: 0.113-0.138) in 2005 to 6.6% (95% CI: 0.055-0.077) in 2016. Across the three surveys, clusters with a high prevalence of ARI were observed in the North part of Ethiopia. The spatial regression analysis revealed that the spatial patterns of ARI was significantly associated with using biomass fuel for cooking and children not initiating breastfeeding within 1-hour of birth. This correlation is strong in the Northern and some areas in the Western part of the country. CONCLUSION Overall there has been a considerable decrease in ARI, but this decline in ARI varied in some regions and districts between surveys. Biomass fuel and early initiation of breastfeeding were independent predictors of ARI. There is a need to prioritize children living in regions and districts with high ARI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Binyam Tariku Seboka
- School of Public Health, college of health sciences and medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Sisay
- School of Public Health, college of health sciences and medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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Kusasira L, Mukunya D, Obakiro S, Kenedy K, Rebecca N, Ssenyonga L, Immaculate M, Napyo A. Prevalence and predictors of delayed initiation of breastfeeding among postnatal women at a tertiary hospital in Eastern Uganda: a cross-sectional study. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:56. [PMID: 37060009 PMCID: PMC10102688 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rates for the delayed initiation of breastfeeding in Uganda remain unacceptably high between 30% and 80%. The reasons for this are not well understood. We aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors for the delayed initiation of breastfeeding in Eastern Uganda. METHODS This study employed a cross-sectional study design. A total of 404 mother-infant pairs were enrolled onto the study between July and November, 2020 at Mbale regional referral hospital (MRRH). They were interviewed on socio-demographic related, infant-related, labour and delivery characteristics using a structured questionnaire. We estimated adjusted odds ratios using multivariable logistic regression models. All variables with p < 0.25 at the bivariate level were included in the initial model at the multivariate analysis. All variables with p < 0.1 and those of biological or epidemiologic plausibility (from previous studies) were included in the second model. The variables with odds ratios greater than 1 were considered as risk factors; otherwise they were protective against the delayed initiation of breastfeeding. RESULTS The rate of delayed initiation of breastfeeding was 70% (n = 283/404, 95% CI: 65.3 - 74.4%). The factors that were associated with delayed initiation of breastfeeding were maternal charateristics including: being single (AOR = 0.37; 95%CI: 0.19-0.74), receiving antenatal care for less than 3 times (AOR = 1.85, 95%CI: 1.07-3.19) undergoing a caesarean section (AOR = 2.07; 95%CI: 1.3-3.19) and having a difficult labour (AOR = 2.05; 95%CI: 1.25-3.35). Infant characteristics included: having a health issue at birth (AOR = 9.8; 95%CI: 2.94-32.98). CONCLUSIONS The proportion of infants that do not achieve early initiation of breastfeeding in this setting remains high. Women at high risk of delaying the initiation of breastfeeding include those who: deliver by caesarean section, do not receive antenatal care and have labour difficulties. Infants at risk of not achieving early initiation of breastfeeding include those that have a health issue at birth. We recommend increased support for women who undergo caesarean section in the early initiation of breastfeeding. Breastfeeding support can be initiated in the recovery room after caesarean delivery or in the operating theatre. The importance of antenatal care attendance should be emphasized during health education classes. Infants with any form of health issue at birth should particularly be given attention to ensure breastfeeding is initiated early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loyce Kusasira
- Department of Nursing, Busitema University Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. BOX 236, Mbale, Tororo, Uganda
| | - David Mukunya
- Department of Community and Public Health, Busitema University Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. BOX 236, Mbale, Tororo, Uganda
- Sanyu Africa Research Institute, P.O BOX 2190, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Samuel Obakiro
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Busitema University Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. BOX 236, Mbale, Tororo, Uganda
| | - Kiyimba Kenedy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Busitema University Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. BOX 236, Mbale, Tororo, Uganda
| | - Nekaka Rebecca
- Department of Community and Public Health, Busitema University Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. BOX 236, Mbale, Tororo, Uganda
| | - Lydia Ssenyonga
- Department of Nursing, Busitema University Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. BOX 236, Mbale, Tororo, Uganda
| | - Mbwali Immaculate
- Department of Nursing, Busitema University Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. BOX 236, Mbale, Tororo, Uganda
| | - Agnes Napyo
- Department of Community and Public Health, Busitema University Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. BOX 236, Mbale, Tororo, Uganda.
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Uganda Martyrs University, P.O. Box 5498, Kampala, Uganda.
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Sajadi MM, Shokatpour N, Purcell M, Tehrani ZR, Lankford A, Bathula A, Campbell JD, Hammershaimb EA, Deatrick KB, Bor C, Parsell DM, Dugan C, Levine AR, Ramelli SC, Chertow DS, Herr DL, Saharia KK, Lewis GK, Grazioli A. Maternal transfer of IgA and IgG SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies transplacentally and via breast milk feeding. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284020. [PMID: 37023025 PMCID: PMC10079052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there have been many studies on antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk, very few have looked at the fate of these in the infant, and whether they are delivered to immunologically relevant sites in infants. METHODS Mother/infant pairs (mothers who breast milk fed and who were SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated before or after delivery) were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Mother blood, mother breast milk, infant blood, infant nasal specimen, and infant stool was tested for IgA and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer. RESULTS Thirty-one mother/infant pairs were recruited. Breast milk fed infants acquired systemic anti-spike IgG antibodies only if their mothers were vaccinated antepartum (100% Antepartum; 0% Postpartum; P<0.0001). Breast milk fed infants acquired mucosal anti-spike IgG antibodies (in the nose) only if their mothers were vaccinated antepartum (89% Antepartum; 0% Postpartum; P<0.0001). None of the infants in either group had anti-spike IgA in the blood. Surprisingly, 33% of the infants whose mothers were vaccinated antepartum had high titer anti-spike IgA in the nose (33% Antepartum; 0% Postpartum; P = 0.03). Half-life of maternally transferred plasma IgG antibodies in the Antepartum infant cohort was ~70 days. CONCLUSION Vaccination antepartum followed by breast milk feeding appears to be the best way to provide systemic and local anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for infants. The presence of high titer SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA in the nose of infants points to the potential importance of breast milk feeding early in life for maternal transfer of mucosal IgA antibodies. Expectant mothers should consider becoming vaccinated antepartum and consider breast milk feeding for optimal transfer of systemic and mucosal antibodies to their infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M. Sajadi
- VA Maryland Healthcare Center, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Narjes Shokatpour
- Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Madeleine Purcell
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | | | - Allison Lankford
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Allison Bathula
- University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - James D. Campbell
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | | | | | - Casey Bor
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Dawn M. Parsell
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Colleen Dugan
- University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Andrea R. Levine
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | | | - Daniel S. Chertow
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Daniel L. Herr
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Kapil K. Saharia
- Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - George K. Lewis
- Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Alison Grazioli
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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Laue HE, Moroishi Y, Palys TJ, Christensen BC, Criswell RL, Peterson LA, Huset CA, Baker ER, Karagas MR, Madan JC, Romano ME. Early-life exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and infant gut microbial composition. Environ Epidemiol 2023; 7:e238. [PMID: 36777525 PMCID: PMC9916123 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk is rich in essential nutrients and immune-activating compounds but is also a source of toxicants including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Evidence suggests that immune-related effects of PFAS may, in part, be due to alterations of the microbiome. We aimed to identify the association between milk PFAS exposure and the infant gut microbiome. Methods PFAS [perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA)] were quantified in milk from ~6 weeks postpartum using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. A molar sum (ΣPFAS) was calculated. Caregivers collected infant stool samples at 6 weeks (n = 116) and/or 1 year postpartum (n = 119). Stool DNA underwent metagenomic sequencing. We estimated the association of PFAS with diversity and relative abundances of species with linear regression. Single- and multi-PFAS models adjusted for potential confounders in complete case analyses and with imputed missing covariate data for 6-week and 1-year microbiomes separately. We assessed sensitive populations with stratification. Results PFOS and PFOA were detected in 94% and 83% of milk samples, respectively. PFOS was associated with increased diversity at 6 weeks among infants fed exclusively human milk [β = 0.24 per PFOS doubling, (95% CI = 0.03, 0.45), P = 0.03] and born to primiparous mothers [β = 0.37 (0.06, 0.67), P = 0.02]. Estimates were strongest in multi-PFAS models and among complete cases. ΣPFAS was associated with Bacteroides vulgatus relative abundance at 1 year [(β = -2.34% per doubling (-3.63, -1.05), FDR q = 0.099]. Conclusions PFAS may increase infant gut microbiome diversity and alter the relative abundance of biologically relevant bacteria. Additional analyses may identify related health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Laue
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Yuka Moroishi
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Thomas J. Palys
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Brock C. Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | | | - Lisa A. Peterson
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Emily R. Baker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Juliette C. Madan
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Children’s Hospital at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Megan E. Romano
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
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Waldby C, Noble‐Carr D, Carroll K. Mothers, milk and mourning: The meanings of breast milk after loss of an infant. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2023; 45:109-127. [PMID: 36193004 PMCID: PMC10092727 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast milk is a highly valued substance, immunologically and nutritionally, which also signifies maternal care and love for the infant. This intersection of biological and cultural qualities confers breast milk with complex meanings, which necessarily shape the experience of breastfeeding. Our research, investigating the experience of lactation after the loss of an infant, casts a novel light on these meanings. This article analyses the experience of 17 Australian bereaved mothers and 114 health professionals charged with their care. We find that while all the mothers found post-loss lactation emotionally painful, many also found redemptive meaning in their milk-production, as a bond with the lost child, as confirmation of their maternal competence and as a life giving substance that they could donate to other needy infants. These complex meanings and positive connotations were at odds with hospital cultures that regard post-loss lactation as valueless and best dealt with through medical suppression, despite the more complex insights of individual health-care professions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Waldby
- Research School of Social SciencesCollege of Arts & Social SciencesThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Debbie Noble‐Carr
- Research School of Social SciencesCollege of Arts & Social SciencesThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Katherine Carroll
- Research School of Social SciencesCollege of Arts & Social SciencesThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
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Graciliano NG, Tenório MCS, Fragoso MBT, Moura FA, Botelho RM, Tanabe ELL, Borbely KSC, Borbely AU, Oliveira ACM, Goulart MOF. The impact on colostrum oxidative stress, cytokines, and immune cells composition after SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1031248. [PMID: 36591280 PMCID: PMC9798093 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1031248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited data are available regarding the differences between immunological, biochemical, and cellular contents of human colostrum following maternal infection during pregnancy with coronavirus 2 disease (COVID-19). Objective To investigate whether maternal COVID-19 infection may affect immunological, biochemical, and cellular contents of human colostrum. Methods Using a case-control study design, we collected colostrum from 14 lactating women with a previous diagnosis of COVID-19 during pregnancy and 12 without a clear diagnosis during September 2020 to May 2021. Colostrum samples were analysed for some enzymes and non-enzymatic oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT, GPx, MDA, GSH, GSSG, H2O2, MPO) and for IL-1β, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, protein induced by interferon gamma (IP)-10, IL-8, IFN-λ1, IL12p70, IFN-α2, IFN-λ2/3, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IFN-β, IL-10 and IFN-γ, along with IgA and IgG for the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. We perform immunophenotyping to assess the frequency of different cell types in the colostrum. Results Colostrum from the COVID-19 symptomatic group in pregnancy contained reduced levels of H2O2, IFN-α2, and GM-CSF. This group had higher levels of GSH, and both NK cell subtypes CD3-CD56brightCD16-CD27+IFN-γ+ and CD3-CD56dimCD16+CD27- were also increased. Conclusion The present results reinforce the protective role of colostrum even in the case of mild SARS-Cov-2 infection, in addition to demonstrating how adaptive the composition of colostrum is after infections. It also supports the recommendation to encourage lactating women to continue breastfeeding after COVID-19 illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Gomes Graciliano
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rayane Martins Botelho
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Eloiza Lopes Lira Tanabe
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Urban Borbely
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Alane Cabral Menezes Oliveira
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
- College of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marília Oliveira Fonseca Goulart
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytics (INCT-Bio), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Bigler NA, Bruckmaier RM, Gross JJ. Implications of placentation type on species-specific colostrum properties in mammals. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac287. [PMID: 36048628 PMCID: PMC9713508 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal care is essential to optimally support survival of the offspring. During evolution of mammalian species, different phenotypes have evolved in relation to gestation length, number, size, and maturation stage of the offspring at parturition, as well as colostrum and milk composition. The aim of the present review is to describe relationships between placental function and colostrum and milk composition in different mammalian species. Species covered in this article include humans, rabbits, rodents (rat and mouse), carnivores (cats and dogs), and a variety of ungulate species (cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and horses). Species-specific aspects are elucidated with a special focus on the transfer of passive immunity. In this regard, the structure and thus the capability of the placenta to transport immunoglobulins from maternal to fetal circulation in utero dictates the necessity of the passive transfer of immunity via colostrum. Consequently, species with exclusive postpartal transfer of immunity such as in all ungulate species have greater immunoglobulin G concentrations in colostrum than species with a prepartal transfer in utero, where especially immunoglobulin A with its local immune function in the gastrointestinal tract is present in colostrum (e.g., rabbit and human). In terms of the nutritional purpose, suckling frequency is an important factor determining the gross composition of colostrum as well as in the mature milk of these species. Milk of nidicolous animals with long intervals in-between suckling events contains more fat than milk of nidifugous animals with constant access to their mother. However, the importance of colostrum and milk consumption for newborn animals and human babies goes beyond nutrition and the transfer of immunity. Numerous bioactive components such as growth factors, hormones, and oligosaccharides are enriched in colostrum and transition milk, which support the development of the intestinal tract and local immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi A Bigler
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rupert M Bruckmaier
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Josef J Gross
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Li X, Siviroj P, Ruangsuriya J, Phanpong C, Sirikul W, Ongprasert K. Comparison of Effects of Storage at Different Temperatures in a Refrigerator, Upright Freezer on Top of Refrigerator, and Deep Freezer on the Immunoglobulin A Concentration and Lysozyme Activity of Human Milk. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13203. [PMID: 36293784 PMCID: PMC9602642 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of storing expressed human milk (HM) at different domestic storage temperatures on the secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) concentration and lysozyme activity. Forty mothers of full-term infants aged one to six months provided milk samples. The fresh samples were examined within 24 h of expression, and the other samples were stored in a refrigerator for four days or in two types of freezers for six months. The SIgA concentrations and lysozyme activity in the milk samples were studied using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits and fluorometric lysozyme activity assay kits, respectively. The pairwise comparisons of the SIgA concentration and lysozyme activity were carried out using one-way analysis of variance with Dunnett T3 or Kruskal-Wallis tests with Bonferroni correction, depending on the data distribution. The mean temperatures of the refrigerator, upright freezer on top of the refrigerator, and deep freezer (chest freezer) were 2.0, -16.7, and -22.3 °C, respectively. Our study results highlight that the SIgA concentration and lysozyme activity of HM stored in the refrigerator for four days and in freezers for six months were significantly lower than those of fresh HM (p < 0.001). During the first six months of storage in both types of freezers, the SIgA levels were stable, whereas the lysozyme activity significantly decreased (p < 0.001). HM stored in the deep freezer had a higher SIgA concentration and lysozyme activity than HM stored in the upright freezer on top of the refrigerator. Our data support the superiority of fresh human milk over stored HM. If HM is to be stored, then storage in a deep freezer is potentially a more effective method for the preservation of SIgA concentrations and lysozyme activity than storage by refrigeration for four days or in an upright freezer on top of a refrigerator for six months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Li
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Penprapa Siviroj
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jetsada Ruangsuriya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Wachiranun Sirikul
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Krongporn Ongprasert
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Azevedo MDC, Dias JPV, Costa MC, Santos CA, Sette DDSS, Costa Sobrinho PDS, Nobre LN. The Galactagogue Effect of Maternal Ingestion of Corn-Based Preparations: A Preliminary Study. Breastfeed Med 2022; 17:817-824. [PMID: 36094831 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2022.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Low human milk production frequently occurs in mothers of premature children with low birth weights who require intensive care. Research Aims: To investigate whether corn-based preparations increase human milk production in women with insufficient milk volumes. Method: This was an intervention study evaluated whether there was an increase in human milk production after a mother's consumption of corn-based preparations. The participants included women with hypogalactia and mothers of infants in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units. The corn-based preparations included green corn cakes and sweet hominies. A total of 35 mother-infant pairs participated in this study. Each mother served as their own control. The study took place over 2 weeks, and data were collected at baseline and after the intervention. At baseline, a socioeconomic questionnaire was used to collect information regarding maternal food consumption, volume of milk expressed, and infant weight and length. All evaluations, except for questionnaire administration, were performed during the intervention phase, when the lactating women ingested the corn-based preparations. Results: A significantly higher average volume of milk was expressed in the intervention period (397.6 ± 182.6 mL/day) compared to baseline (343.6 ± 155.8 mL/day) on the paired t-test (p < 0.001) analysis. Neither energy nor macronutrients consumed correlated with milk volume. Conclusion: The tested corn-based preparations acted as galactagogues and could be used to stimulate milk production in lactating women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielly da Conceição Azevedo
- Postgraduate Program in Health, Society and Environment, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Viana Dias
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Science, Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Marcela Cristina Costa
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo de Souza Costa Sobrinho
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Science, Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Luciana Neri Nobre
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Science, Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
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Secretory immunoglobulin A in preterm infants: determination of normal values in breast milk and stool. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:979-986. [PMID: 34952939 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgA and its secretory form sIgA impact protection from infection and necrotising enterocolitis but little is known about quantities in preterm mums own milk (MOM) or infant stool, onset of endogenous production in the preterm gut, and what affects these. METHODS We measured by ELISA in MOM and stool from healthy preterm infants total IgA and sIgA longitudinally and additionally in MOM fresh, refrigerated, frozen, and after traversing feeding systems. RESULTS In 42 MOM (median gestation 26 weeks), we showed total IgA levels and sIgA were highest in colostrum, fell over 3 weeks, and were not impacted by gestation. Median IgA values matched previous term studies (700 mcg/ml). In MOM recipients stool IgA was detected in the first week, at around 30% of MOM quantities. Formula fed infants did not have detectable stool IgA until the third week. Levels of IgA and sIgA were approximately halved by handling processes. CONCLUSIONS MOM in the 3 weeks after preterm delivery contains the highest concentrations of IgA and sIgA. Endogenous production after preterm birth occurs from the 3 week meaning preterm infants are dependent on MOM for IgA which should be optimised. Routine NICU practices halve the amount available to the infant. IMPACT (Secretory) Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is present in colostrum of maternal milk from infants as preterm as 23-24 weeks gestational age, falling over the first 3 weeks to steady levels similar to term. Gestation at birth does not impact (secretory) IgA levels in breast milk. IgA is present in very preterm infant stools from maternal milk fed infants from the first week of life, but not in formula milk fed preterm infants until week three, suggesting endogenous production from this point. Refrigeration, freezing, and feeding via plastic tubing approximately halved the amount of IgA available.
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Mardiyan Kurniawati E, Rahmawati NA. Records of antibodies in breast milk in postpartum women who have been vaccinated or exposed to COVID-19: A systematic review. F1000Res 2022; 11:785. [PMID: 39015747 PMCID: PMC11249528 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.122237.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast milk is a critical element in developing a baby's immunity through immune transfer. Antibodies are an essential unit of immunity against infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This paper explores antibodies in breast milk in postpartum women who have been vaccinated or exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Duration of antibody appearance was studied to determine the adequate time in transferring antibodies by breastfeeding. Methods: Three databases, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, were used as sources of articles. Inclusion criteria applied in selecting articles were prospective observational study or experimental design study in English, evaluating antibodies in breast milk, and conducted between 2019-2021. Article quality and risk of bias were assessed with Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). The data found were synthesized in a narrative manner. Results: This systematic review included 20 articles. A total of 306 postpartum women who were infected with COVID-19, 20 postpartum women who had viral symptoms and 495 postpartum women who had been vaccinated were studied. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were found in the breast milk of infected and vaccinated postpartum women. SARS CoV-2 infection is associated with the presence of IgA dominant, whereas vaccination is related to the presence of IgG dominant. Antibodies persisted from day 10 of onset to 10 months in infected postpartum women and started from three days to six weeks in vaccinated postpartum women. Meta-analysis could not be carried out due to the variety of articles. Conclusions: Antibodies found in breast milk in infected and vaccinated postpartum women have different dominant types. Further research needs to be done regarding the mechanism of antibody transfer in breast milk, longer research duration and studies that directly examine the comparison of antibodies in breast milk in vaccinated and infected postpartum women. Registration: PROSPERO ( CRD42022340859, 23 June 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eighty Mardiyan Kurniawati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia
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Dimitroglou M, Iliodromiti Z, Christou E, Volaki P, Petropoulou C, Sokou R, Boutsikou T, Iacovidou N. Human Breast Milk: The Key Role in the Maturation of Immune, Gastrointestinal and Central Nervous Systems: A Narrative Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092208. [PMID: 36140609 PMCID: PMC9498242 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature birth is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the pediatric population. Because their immune, gastrointestinal and nervous systems are not fully developed, preterm infants (<37 weeks of gestation) and especially very preterm infants (VPIs, <32 weeks of gestation) are more prone to infectious diseases, tissue damage and future neurodevelopmental impairment. The aim of this narrative review is to report the immaturity of VPI systems and examine the role of Human Breast Milk (HBM) in their development and protection against infectious diseases, inflammation and tissue damage. For this purpose, we searched and synthesized the data from the existing literature published in the English language. Studies revealed the significance of HBM and indicate HBM as the best dietary choice for VPIs.
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Arifin H, Rakhmawati W, Kurniawati Y, Pradipta RO, Efendi F, Gusmaniarti G, Pramukti I, Acob JRU, Soares A, Myint NMM, Setyowati S, Rosnani R, Mediarti D, Chou KR. Prevalence and determinants of diarrhea among under-five children in five Southeast Asian countries: Evidence from the demographic health survey. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 66:e37-e45. [PMID: 35717424 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the prevalence and the correlation between individual, environmental and household, health behavior, and source of information factors with diarrhea among under-five children in five Southeast Asian countries based on the National Health Survey. DESIGN AND METHODS Cross-sectional design conducted in five countries in Southeast Asia. Datasets from Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys in five countries were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 12,447 children under 5 years of age from five countries in Southeast Asia (Indonesia 1807, Cambodia 2650, Myanmar 1717, the Philippines 3669, and Timor-Leste 2614) were included in this study. Binary logistic regression was performed to analyze the data. A total of 12,447 under-five children were included in the study. Overall, in five Southeast Asian countries, the prevalence of diarrhea is known from 8.39% in the Philippines to 18.21% in Indonesia. Several factors related to diarrhea are individual; environmental and household; health behavior such as stool disposal, breastfeeding mothers, and children's food history; and source of information factors. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that diarrhea is a serious public health problem in the Southeast Asian region that must be addressed using preventive and curative approaches. PRACTICE IMPLICATION The results indicate the need for cross-collaboration among nurses, medical doctor, and sanitarian is needed to tackle the childhood diarrhea and minimize the severity based on those determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Arifin
- Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Windy Rakhmawati
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
| | - Yulia Kurniawati
- Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia
| | - Rifky Octavia Pradipta
- Department of Fundamental Nursing Care, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ferry Efendi
- Department of Advanced Nursing Care, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Gusmaniarti Gusmaniarti
- Early Childhood Teacher Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Iqbal Pramukti
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Joel Rey U Acob
- Faculty of Nursing, Visayas State University, Philippine Visca, City of Baybay, Leyte, Philippines
| | - Agoestina Soares
- Department of Pediatric, Hospital Nasional Guido Valadares, Dili, Timor Leste
| | | | - Setyowati Setyowati
- Department of Maternity Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Rosnani Rosnani
- Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Palembang, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Devi Mediarti
- Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Palembang, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Kuei-Ru Chou
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Pieri M, Maniori MA, Shahabian L, Kanaan E, Paphiti-Demetriou I, Pipis S, Felekkis K, Nicolaidou V, Papaneophytou C. Survival of Vaccine-Induced Human Milk SARS-CoV-2 IgG, IgA and SIgA Immunoglobulins across Simulated Human Infant Gastrointestinal Digestion. Nutrients 2022; 14:3368. [PMID: 36014873 PMCID: PMC9415426 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding can be a vital way of acquiring passive immunity via the transfer of antibodies from the mother to the breastfeeding infant. Recent evidence points to the fact that human milk contains immunoglobulins (Ig) against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, either after natural infection or vaccination, but whether these antibodies can resist enzymatic degradation during digestion in the infant gastrointestinal (GI) tract or indeed protect the consumers remains inconclusive. Herein, we evaluated the levels of IgG, IgA, and secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 in 43 lactating mothers who received at least two doses of either an mRNA-based vaccine (Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna; n = 34) or an adenovirus-based vaccine (AstraZeneca; n = 9). We also accessed the potential persistence of SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgG, and secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies from vaccinated women in the GI tract of the infants by means of a static in vitro digestion protocol. Our data depict that, although slightly reduced, the IgA antibodies produced after vaccination resist both the gastric and intestinal phases of infant digestion, whereas the IgGs are more prone to degradation in both phases of digestion. Additionally, SIgA antibodies were found to greatly resist the gastric phase of digestion albeit showing some reduction during the intestinal phase. The evaluation of the vaccine induced Ig profile of breastmilk, and the extent to which these antibodies can resist digestion in the infant GI tract provide important information about the potential protective role of this form of passive immunity that could help decision making during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrtani Pieri
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Avenue, Nicosia CY-1700, Cyprus
| | - Maria-Arsenia Maniori
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Avenue, Nicosia CY-1700, Cyprus
| | - Lucy Shahabian
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Avenue, Nicosia CY-1700, Cyprus
| | - Elie Kanaan
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Avenue, Nicosia CY-1700, Cyprus
| | | | - Spyros Pipis
- Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia CY-2408, Cyprus
- Aretaeio Hospital, 55-57, Andrea Avraamidi St, Strovolos, Nicosia CY-2024, Cyprus
| | - Kyriakos Felekkis
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Avenue, Nicosia CY-1700, Cyprus
| | - Vicky Nicolaidou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Avenue, Nicosia CY-1700, Cyprus
| | - Christos Papaneophytou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Avenue, Nicosia CY-1700, Cyprus
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Li X, Siviroj P, Ruangsuriya J, Yousaibua N, Ongprasert K. Effects of the thawing rate and heating temperature on immunoglobulin A and lysozyme activity in human milk. Int Breastfeed J 2022; 17:52. [PMID: 35799170 PMCID: PMC9264520 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-022-00487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The percentage of infants receiving frozen human milk (HM) is increasing. The effects of thawing and warming on the secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) level and lysozyme activity in frozen HM should be investigated to identify optimal methods for preserving immune factors in frozen HM. Methods Milk samples were collected from 40 mothers with healthy full-term infants who had been lactating for one to six months. The baseline samples were analyzed within 24 h after collection, and the other samples were frozen at -18 °C before analyses. We compared two methods: placing the container overnight in a refrigerator at 4 °C before warming (slow thawing) and immediately thawing in warm water after removing the sample from the freezer (rapid thawing). Additionally, we investigated the effects of the warming temperature by comparing room temperature (25 °C) and physiological temperature (37 °C). The SIgA concentrations and lysozyme activities in the milk samples were determined using ELISA kits and fluorometric lysozyme activity assay kits, respectively. Results The SIgA concentrations and lysozyme activity in frozen HM were 16.5–52.1% and 16.8–39.3% lower than those in fresh HM, respectively. The SIgA concentrations in frozen HM were stable during slow thawing at 37 °C (p = 0.072) compared with those in fresh HM. The SIgA concentrations and lysozyme activity were maintained at significantly higher levels during slow thawing than during rapid thawing at 25 °C (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively). Slow thawing preserved higher SIgA concentrations and lysozyme activity than rapid thawing at 37 °C, but the difference was not significant. Conclusions The SIgA level in HM frozen at -18 °C for two months was stable after overnight thawing in the refrigerator (4 °C for 12 h) before warming to 37 °C compared with that in fresh milk. The thawing of HM in the refrigerator overnight (and then warming to 25 °C or 37 °C for 30 min) has the potential to preserve the SIgA concentration and lysozyme activity to a greater extent than heating immediately after removal from the freezer. Broader temperature ranges should be analyzed to determine the temperature that minimizes the losses in SIgA concentration and lysozyme activity in HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Li
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intrawarorot Road, Si Phum Subdistrict, Amphoe Mueang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Penprapa Siviroj
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intrawarorot Road, Si Phum Subdistrict, Amphoe Mueang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Jetsada Ruangsuriya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Krongporn Ongprasert
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intrawarorot Road, Si Phum Subdistrict, Amphoe Mueang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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DYNAMICS OF SIgA CONTENT IN BREAST MILK WHEN RISK FACTORS AND LACTATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS ARE CONSIDERED. ACTA MEDICA LEOPOLIENSIA 2022. [DOI: 10.25040/aml2022.1-2.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The leading role associated with an anti-infective action of breast milk belongs to secretory IgA (SIgA). Therefore, the determination of the level of SIgA in colostrum and milk of mothers with different lactation levels and mothers at risk at different levels and duration of lactation has a practical interest.
Aim. The research aims at studying the dynamics of SIgA content in breast milk, taking into account risk factors and features of lactation.
Material and Methods. The content of SIgA in colostrum and breast milk of 372 mothers with full lactation and 208 with hypogalactia, of which 72 with early and 146 with late hypogalactia at different times of lactation (1-8 days and 1-3 months) was determined. The SIgA content was also studied in mothers; 65 with preeclampsia, including 12 with early hypogalactia, 24 with late hypogalactia, 23 with full lactation, and 44 with anemia of pregnancy, including 12 with early hypogalactia, 19 with late hypogalactia and 13 with full lactation. The determination of SIgA content in colostrum and milk was performed using the method of simple radial immunodiffusion in a gel by G. Mancini et al.
Results and Discussion. The SIgA concentration in colostrum and breast milk decreased during the secretion process. In early hypogalactia, the content of SIgA did not differ significantly from the level of SIgA in colostrum and breast milk with full lactation in the early neonatal period and at 1-3 months of secretion. In the late hypogalactia, SIgA content did not differ significantly from its level in the control group. Due to the lower amount of milk received by the mother's child with hypogalactia, the supply of children with SIgA is insufficient, and the deficit is higher the sooner the hypogalactia develops. Similar changes in the dynamics of SIgA content have been found in mothers with preeclampsia and at different levels of lactation. The exception was the content of SIgA in colostrum and milk of mothers with anemia of pregnancy and early hypogalactia, which in the first five days of lactation was lower than in mothers with full lactation.
Conclusion. The SIgA concentration in colostrum and breast milk decreases during the secretion process. The level of lactation does not affect the dynamics of SIgA content, except for the SIgA content in colostrum and breast milk of mothers with anemia of pregnancy and hypogalactia in the early stages of secretion. Despite the absence of a significant difference in SIgA levels in mothers with different levels of lactation due to less colostrum and milk received by children with early and late hypogalactia, the supply of SIgA is insufficient, and the cumulative deficit is higher the faster the hypogalactia develops.
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42
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Zhang X, Jiang G, Ji C, Fan Z, Ge S, Li H, Wang Y, Lv X, Zhao F. Comparative Whey Proteome Profiling of Donkey Milk With Human and Cow Milk. Front Nutr 2022; 9:911454. [PMID: 35845789 PMCID: PMC9282231 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.911454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Donkey milk (DM), similar to human milk (HM) in chemical composition, has been suggested as the best potential hypoallergenic replacement diet for babies suffering from Cow milk (CM) protein allergy. In order to better understand DM protein, many studies based on proteomic have been performed. In this study, the label-free quantitative proteomic approach was conducted to quantitatively identify the differentially expressed whey proteins (DEPs) in DM vs. HM group and DM vs. CM group. In total, 241 and 365 DEPs were found in these two groups, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis of DEPs showed that the majority of DEPs participated in the lipoprotein metabolic process, regulation of cytokine production, chemical homeostasis, and catabolic process. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis found that these DEPs mainly participated in an antigen processing, complement, and coagulation cascades. These results may provide valuable information in the composition of milk whey proteins in DM, HM, and CM, especially for low abundant components, and expand our knowledge of different biological functions between DM and HM or CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Zhang
- Department of Animal Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Heze University, Heze, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based TCM, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Guimiao Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based TCM, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Chuanliang Ji
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based TCM, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Zhaobin Fan
- Department of Animal Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Heze University, Heze, China
| | - Shihao Ge
- Department of Animal Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Heze University, Heze, China
| | - Haijing Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based TCM, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Yantao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based TCM, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Xin Lv
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based TCM, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Fuwei Zhao
- Department of Animal Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Heze University, Heze, China
- *Correspondence: Fuwei Zhao
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Avellar ACDS, Oliveira MN, Caixeta F, Souza RCVE, Teixeira A, Faria AMC, Silveira-Nunes G, Faria ES, Maioli TU. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Changes Human Colostrum Immune Composition. Front Immunol 2022; 13:910807. [PMID: 35795656 PMCID: PMC9251182 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.910807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast milk is considered a complete food for babies. Up to 7 days postpartum, it is known as colostrum, rich in immunological compounds, responsible for providing nutrition and ensuring immune protection. However, some maternal factors, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), can change the concentration of bioactive compounds present in the colostrum and may affect the development of the newborn’s immune system. The effect of GDM on colostrum cytokine, chemokine, and growth factors is not well described. Thus, the present study evaluated whether the occurrence of GDM changes the concentration of biomarkers in the colostrum. A cross-sectional study was carried out on postpartum women who had healthy pregnancies and women who had been diagnosed with GDM. A sample of colostrum was collected for Luminex analysis. Our results showed that GDM mothers had higher secretion of cytokines and chemokines in the colostrum, with a higher concentration of IFN-g, IL-6, and IL-15, and a lower concentration of IL-1ra. Among growth factors, we identified a decreased concentration of GM-CSF in the colostrum of GDM mothers. Thus, the data obtained support the idea that the disease leads to immune alterations in the colostrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina de Sena Avellar
- Departamento de Nutrição, Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana Naves Oliveira
- Departamento de Nutrição, Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Hospital Sofia Feldman, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Felipe Caixeta
- Programa Interunidades de Pós-Graduação em Bioinformática, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Cristina Vieira e Souza
- Departamento de Nutrição, Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andréa Teixeira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tatiani Uceli Maioli
- Departamento de Nutrição, Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Tatiani Uceli Maioli,
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Whited N, Cervantes J. Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 in Human Breast Milk After Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Breastfeed Med 2022; 17:475-483. [PMID: 35325550 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2021.0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: CDC guidelines have recommended coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccination for all people 5 years and older, including people who are breastfeeding. Breast milk has shown to be a valuable source of protection for immune-immature neonates. It has been shown that breast milk from mothers who have received vaccinations can transfer antibodies. Aim/Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis investigate the presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in human breast milk after vaccination. Methods: Studies that evaluated immunoglobulins in breast milk of women receiving a SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were included. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science were searched for articles published between December 1, 2019 and September 30, 2021. Data from relevant articles were extracted manually or by WebPlotDigitizer version 4.1 to obtain the numeric values of antibody levels on peak days and the peak day then condensed into Excel. Additional raw data and information were supplied by corresponding authors. Results: One hundred ninety-two articles were obtained from the search. After excluding duplicates, screening titles and abstracts, 18 cohort studies were identified. For the rate of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in breast milk after the first vaccine dose but before the second vaccine dose, we found 64% (95% CI 51-78%) were positive for IgA and 30% (95% CI 13.1-46%) were positive for IgG. For the rate for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in breast milk after the second vaccine dose, we found 70% (95% CI 55-86%) were positive for IgA and 91% (95% CI 80-103%) were positive for IgG. Conclusions: Our analysis of the data published worldwide showed high rates of positivity for antibodies in breast milk following COVID-19 immunizations. Further research is necessary to find if the rate of positivity of IgA and IgG against SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk persists months after the full immunization, and their impact on the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Whited
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Jorge Cervantes
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
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Escribano BM, Muñoz-Jurado A, Luque E, Conde C, Feijóo M, LaTorre M, Valdelvira ME, Buendía P, Giraldo AI, Caballero-Villarraso J, Santamaría A, Agüera E, Túnez I. Lactose and Casein Cause Changes on Biomarkers of Oxidative Damage and Dysbiosis in an Experimental Model of Multiple Sclerosis. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 21:680-692. [PMID: 34875994 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666211207101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats closely reproduces Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a disease characterized by neuroinflammation and oxidative stress that also appears to extend to other organs and their compartments. The origin of MS is a matter for discussion, but it would seem that altering certain bacterial populations present in the gut may lead to a proinflammatory condition due to the bacterial Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the so-called brain-gut axis. The casein and lactose in milk confer anti-inflammatory properties and immunomodulatory effects. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of administration of casein and lactose on the oxidative damage and the clinical status caused by EAE and to verify whether both casein and lactose had any effect on the LPS and its transport protein -LBP-. METHODS Twenty male Dark Agouti rats were divided into control rats (control), EAE rats, and EAE rats, to which casein and lactose, EAE+casein, and EAE+lactose, respectively, were administered. Fifty-one days after casein and lactose administration, the rats were sacrificed, and different organs were studied (brain, spinal cord, blood, heart, liver, kidney, small, and large intestine). In the latter, products derived from oxidative stress were studied (lipid peroxides and carbonylated proteins) as well as the glutathione redox system, various inflammation factors (total nitrite, Nuclear Factor-kappa B p65, the Rat Tumour Necrosis Factor-α), and the LPS and LBP values. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Casein and lactose administration improved the clinical aspect of the disease at the same time as reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, exerting its action on the glutathione redox system, or increasing GPx levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña M Escribano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ana Muñoz-Jurado
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Evelio Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Morphological Sciences, Histology Section, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Cristina Conde
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain.,Neurology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Montse Feijóo
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel LaTorre
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Mathematics, Campus of Rabanales, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel E Valdelvira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Paula Buendía
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain.,Canvax Biotech S.L., Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ana I Giraldo
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Javier Caballero-Villarraso
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Clinical Analysis Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratory of Exciting Amino Acids, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Agüera
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain.,Neurology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Isaac Túnez
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Cooperative Research Thematic Excellent Network on Brain Stimulation (REDESTIM) Ministery of Economy, Industry of Competitiveness, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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Fatimah, Massi MN, Febriani ADB, Hatta M, Karuniawati A, Rauf S, Wahyuni S, Hamid F, Alasiry E, Patellongi I, Permatasari TAE, Farsida. The role of exclusive breastfeeding on sIgA and lactoferrin levels in toddlers suffering from Acute Respiratory Infection: A cross-sectional study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 77:103644. [PMID: 35638033 PMCID: PMC9142618 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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47
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Sakalidis VS, Perrella SL, Prosser SA, Geddes DT. Breastfeeding in a COVID-19 world. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2022; 25:188-194. [PMID: 35142722 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the birthing and postnatal experience of women. This review highlights how policy changes have affected pregnant and breastfeeding women, the evidence for continued breastfeeding and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines, and how the pandemic's unexpected consequences have affected these women's wellbeing. Additionally, we postulate the future of lactation and perinatal support as the pandemic continues. RECENT FINDINGS Women who have given birth during the pandemic have had restricted access to postnatal care. Although pregnant and breastfeeding women who contract SARS-CoV-2 are more vulnerable to poor health outcomes than their nonpregnant counterparts, they are also at higher risk of mental health difficulties, with limited access to support. Continued breastfeeding may be protective to the infant, offering passive immunity against SARS-CoV-2, and vaccination against COVID-19 is safe and effective for pregnant and lactating women. Innovative and adaptable lactation care, including holistic perinatal, mental health, and social support services, both digital and in-person, will help mothers continue breastfeeding during future outbreaks. SUMMARY Continued breastfeeding and vaccination may confer protection to the infant against SARS-CoV-2 infection. New mothers should not be isolated in future pandemics. Prioritizing lactation and perinatal care, including in-person services, remains paramount to optimizing breastfeeding during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa S Sakalidis
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sharon L Perrella
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- One For Women, Mt Lawley, WA, Australia
| | - Stuart A Prosser
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- One For Women, Mt Lawley, WA, Australia
| | - Donna T Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
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48
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Lokossou GAG, Kouakanou L, Schumacher A, Zenclussen AC. Human Breast Milk: From Food to Active Immune Response With Disease Protection in Infants and Mothers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:849012. [PMID: 35450064 PMCID: PMC9016618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding is associated with long-term wellbeing including low risks of infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases such as asthma, cancer, autoimmune diseases and obesity during childhood. In recent years, important advances have been made in understanding the human breast milk (HBM) composition. Breast milk components such as, non-immune and immune cells and bioactive molecules, namely, cytokines/chemokines, lipids, hormones, and enzymes reportedly play many roles in breastfed newborns and in mothers, by diseases protection and shaping the immune system of the newborn. Bioactive components in HBM are also involved in tolerance and appropriate inflammatory response of breastfed infants if necessary. This review summarizes the current literature on the relationship between mother and her infant through breast milk with regard to disease protection. We will shed some light on the mechanisms underlying the roles of breast milk components in the maintenance of health of both child and mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gatien A. G. Lokossou
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, Department Human Biology Engineering, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Léonce Kouakanou
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Anne Schumacher
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research and Perinatal Immunology, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ana C. Zenclussen
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research and Perinatal Immunology, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Paul AK, Jahan R, Paul A, Mahboob T, Bondhon TA, Jannat K, Hasan A, Nissapatorn V, Wilairatana P, de Lourdes Pereira M, Wiart C, Rahmatullah M. The Role of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants against Obesity and Arthritis: A Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050985. [PMID: 35267958 PMCID: PMC8912584 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant health concern, as it causes a massive cascade of chronic inflammations and multiple morbidities. Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are chronic inflammatory conditions and often manifest as comorbidities of obesity. Adipose tissues serve as a reservoir of energy as well as releasing several inflammatory cytokines (including IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) that stimulate low-grade chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, fatty liver disease, oxidative stress, and chronic kidney diseases. Dietary intake, low physical activity, unhealthy lifestyle, smoking, alcohol consumption, and genetic and environmental factors can influence obesity and arthritis. Current arthritis management using modern medicines produces various adverse reactions. Medicinal plants have been a significant part of traditional medicine, and various plants and phytochemicals have shown effectiveness against arthritis and obesity; however, scientifically, this traditional plant-based treatment option needs validation through proper clinical trials and toxicity tests. In addition, essential oils obtained from aromatic plants are being widely used as for complementary therapy (e.g., aromatherapy, smelling, spicing, and consumption with food) against arthritis and obesity; scientific evidence is necessary to support their effectiveness. This review is an attempt to understand the pathophysiological connections between obesity and arthritis, and describes treatment options derived from medicinal, spice, and aromatic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok K. Paul
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: (A.K.P.); (P.W.); (M.R.)
| | - Rownak Jahan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Anita Paul
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Tooba Mahboob
- School of Allied Health Sciences, World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD) and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (T.M.); (V.N.)
| | - Tohmina A. Bondhon
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Khoshnur Jannat
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Anamul Hasan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences, World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD) and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (T.M.); (V.N.)
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: (A.K.P.); (P.W.); (M.R.)
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Christophe Wiart
- The Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: (A.K.P.); (P.W.); (M.R.)
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Duale A, Singh P, Al Khodor S. Breast Milk: A Meal Worth Having. Front Nutr 2022; 8:800927. [PMID: 35155521 PMCID: PMC8826470 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.800927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A mother is gifted with breast milk, the natural source of nutrition for her infant. In addition to the wealth of macro and micro-nutrients, human milk also contains many microorganisms, few of which originate from the mother, while others are acquired from the mouth of the infant and the surroundings. Among these microbes, the most commonly residing bacteria are Staphylococci, Streptococci, Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. These microorganisms initiate and help the development of the milk microbiota as well as the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract in infants, and contribute to developing immune regulatory factors such as cytokines, growth factors, lactoferrin among others. These factors play an important role in reducing the risk of developing chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes, asthma and others later in life. In this review, we will summarize the known benefits of breastfeeding and highlight the role of the breast milk microbiota and its cross-talk with the immune system in breastfed babies during the early years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoud Duale
- Division of Maternal and Child Health, Department of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Parul Singh
- Division of Maternal and Child Health, Department of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Ar-Rayyan, Qatar
| | - Souhaila Al Khodor
- Division of Maternal and Child Health, Department of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Souhaila Al Khodor
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