1
|
Sampaio GHF, da Silva ANB, de Negreiros CCA, Honorato NRM, Martins RR, Aguiar LMA, Sales LML, Brito CRDN, Guedes PMDM, da Câmara ACJ, Galvão LMDC. Temporal assessment of entomological surveillance of Trypanosoma cruzi vectors in an endemic area of northeastern Brazil. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287260. [PMID: 37319301 PMCID: PMC10270571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Entomological surveillance is essential for the control of triatomines and the prevention of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in humans and domestic animals. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate entomological indicators and triatomine control during the period from 2005 to 2015 in an endemic area in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. This observational and retrospective study was developed based on data analysis related to active entomological surveillance activities and chemical control of infested housing units (HU) in the Agreste mesoregion of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, in the period between 2005 to 2015. The quantitative analysis of housing units surveyed for entomological indicators was performed by linear regression of random effects (p < 0.05). The effect of the number of HU surveyed on the entomological indicators was analyzed by fitting a linear random effects regression model and an increasing intradomiciliary colonization rate was significant. In the period evaluated 92,156 housing units were investigated and the presence of triatomines was reported in 4,639 (5.0%). A total of 4,653 specimens of triatomines were captured and the species recorded were Triatoma pseudomaculata (n = 1,775), Triatoma brasiliensis (n = 1,569), Rhodnius nasutus (n = 741) and Panstrongylus lutzi (n = 568), with an index of natural infection by T. cruzi of 2.2%. Only 53.1% of the infested HU were subjected to chemical control. Moreover, there was a decrease in the total number of HU surveyed over time associated with an increase in the index of intradomiciliary colonization (p = 0.004). These data demonstrated that entomological surveillance and control of vectors in the Agreste mesoregion of the state has been discontinued, emphasizing the need for more effective public policies to effectively control the vectors, in order to avoid the exposure of humans and domestic animals to the risk of T. cruzi infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Harisson Felinto Sampaio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Andressa Noronha Barbosa da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | | | - Nathan Ravi Medeiros Honorato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Rand Randall Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | | | - Letícia Mikardya Lima Sales
- Curso de Graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Carlos Ramon do Nascimento Brito
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Paulo Marcos da Matta Guedes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Antonia Claudia Jácome da Câmara
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Lúcia Maria da Cunha Galvão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Orientation of Belminus triatomines to cockroaches and cockroaches’ fecal volatiles: an ethological approach. Acta Ethol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10211-021-00361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
3
|
Añez N, Crisante G, Rojas A, Segnini S, Espinoza-Álvarez O, Teixeira MM. Update on Chagas disease in Venezuela during the period 2003-2018. A review. Acta Trop 2020; 203:105310. [PMID: 31862464 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present article reviews the status of Chagas disease in Venezuela during the period 2003-2018, based on the detection of Trypanosoma cruzi-infection in 3,343 blood samples of individuals from rural localities and 182 patients referred from health centers to confirm presumptive clinical diagnostic. The study involved samples from 81 rural localities of 17 states located at different regions and ecological life zones of the country. Analysis by parasitological (fresh microscopic observation, hemoculture and Giemsa stained blood smears), serological (DAT, IFAT-polyvalent, IgM, IgG tests) and molecular (PCR) tests, revealed 10.7% seroprevalence and 42.8% T. cruzi-infection, in individuals from rural localities and referred patients, respectively. In both groups T. cruzi-infection was detected at any age, revealing active transmission in children under 10-years-old. Clinical profile detected in referred patients, showed significantly major number of symptoms in orally infected patients than in infected by vectorial route (P<0.01). Genetic characterization of T. cruzi isolates obtained from orally and vectorial transmitted acute Chagas disease in western Venezuela, revealed the circulation of DTUI and DTUIII in the former, and DTUI, DTUII and DTUIII in patients infected by vectorial route. DTUI predominated in both cases, and haplotype Ib was the most frequently found in this genotype. Statistical analysis of clinical profile - T. cruzi DTUs - transmission route relationships did not show association among these variables and, consequently, chagasic patient's clinical condition did not depend of T. cruzi genotype or its route of transmission. In addition, differences in clinical severity may be associated with host susceptibility and/or parasite load received by the human receptor in spite of the T. cruzi genotype itself. The epidemiological implications of the present findings are discussed, and the need for developing efficient tools as well as implementation of urgent and radical changes in the public health policy to control Chagas disease transmission in the Venezuelan territory are suggested.
Collapse
|
4
|
de Lima Junior MM, Rodrigues GA, Lima MRD. Evaluation of emerging infectious disease and the importance of SINAN for epidemiological surveillance of Venezuelans immigrants in Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2019; 23:307-312. [PMID: 31472124 PMCID: PMC9428005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following socio-economic turmoil in Venezuela, millions of the Venezuelan people are migrating to the neighboring Latin American countries including Brazil. Besides the social and economic burden of these migrants, Brazil must manage the health-related issues arising as consequence of these Venezuelan migrants. Poor health services in Venezuela along with unhygienic travelling conditions, lack of food (malnutrition) and potable water, unhealthy and overcrowded refugee camps or shelters, poor availability of medical services have made the migrant Venezuelan population susceptible to various diseases, especially infectious diseases. SINAN system is a health-related system in Brazil that keeps track of different health occurrences in the society and allows health care workers and policymakers free access to these data. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the emergence of infectious diseases as a consequence of the arrival of Venezuelans immigrants in Brazil and to assess the importance of SINAN for epidemiological surveillance. METHODS Observational retrospective study. Data were collected from the SINAN system between 2015 and 2017 and was analyzed using descriptive statistics, and Mann-Whitney test (using SPSS tool version 12). Evaluated infectious diseases in this study were tuberculosis, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), HIV/AIDS, syphilis, viral hepatitis, leishmaniasis, and malaria. RESULTS STIs were the most commonly reported diseases. Compared to Brazilians, Venezuelan migrants reported significantly higher number of HIV/Aids (p < 0.046) and leishmaniasis cases (p < 0.049), while Brazilians reported significantly higher number of hepatitis cases (p < 0.046). Malaria was also more prevalent among Venezuelan migrants than native Brazilians. CONCLUSION Increased incidence of infectious diseases among the migrant population should be considered seriously as lack of adequate control of these diseases might lead to outbreaks.
Collapse
|
5
|
Grillet ME, Hernández-Villena JV, Llewellyn MS, Paniz-Mondolfi AE, Tami A, Vincenti-Gonzalez MF, Marquez M, Mogollon-Mendoza AC, Hernandez-Pereira CE, Plaza-Morr JD, Blohm G, Grijalva MJ, Costales JA, Ferguson HM, Schwabl P, Hernandez-Castro LE, Lamberton PHL, Streicker DG, Haydon DT, Miles MA, Acosta-Serrano A, Acquattela H, Basañez MG, Benaim G, Colmenares LA, Conn JE, Espinoza R, Freilij H, Graterol-Gil MC, Hotez PJ, Kato H, Lednicky JA, Martinez CE, Mas-Coma S, Morris JG, Navarro JC, Ramirez JL, Rodriguez M, Urbina JA, Villegas L, Segovia MJ, Carrasco HJ, Crainey JL, Luz SLB, Moreno JD, Noya Gonzalez OO, Ramírez JD, Alarcón-de Noya B. Venezuela's humanitarian crisis, resurgence of vector-borne diseases, and implications for spillover in the region. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019; 19:e149-e161. [PMID: 30799251 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30757-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the past 5-10 years, Venezuela has faced a severe economic crisis, precipitated by political instability and declining oil revenue. Public health provision has been affected particularly. In this Review, we assess the impact of Venezuela's health-care crisis on vector-borne diseases, and the spillover into neighbouring countries. Between 2000 and 2015, Venezuela witnessed a 359% increase in malaria cases, followed by a 71% increase in 2017 (411 586 cases) compared with 2016 (240 613). Neighbouring countries, such as Brazil, have reported an escalating trend of imported malaria cases from Venezuela, from 1538 in 2014 to 3129 in 2017. In Venezuela, active Chagas disease transmission has been reported, with seroprevalence in children (<10 years), estimated to be as high as 12·5% in one community tested (n=64). Dengue incidence increased by more than four times between 1990 and 2016. The estimated incidence of chikungunya during its epidemic peak is 6975 cases per 100 000 people and that of Zika virus is 2057 cases per 100 000 people. The re-emergence of many vector-borne diseases represents a public health crisis in Venezuela and has the possibility of severely undermining regional disease elimination efforts. National, regional, and global authorities must take action to address these worsening epidemics and prevent their expansion beyond Venezuelan borders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Grillet
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | - Martin S Llewellyn
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Alberto E Paniz-Mondolfi
- Infectious Diseases Research Incubator and the Zoonosis and Emerging Pathogens Regional Collaborative Network, Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IDB, Clinica IDB Cabudare, Cabudare, Venezuela; Instituto de Estudios Avanzados, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Adriana Tami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela
| | - Maria F Vincenti-Gonzalez
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marilianna Marquez
- Infectious Diseases Research Incubator and the Zoonosis and Emerging Pathogens Regional Collaborative Network, Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IDB, Clinica IDB Cabudare, Cabudare, Venezuela; Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Universidad Centrooccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Lara State, Venezuela
| | - Adriana C Mogollon-Mendoza
- Infectious Diseases Research Incubator and the Zoonosis and Emerging Pathogens Regional Collaborative Network, Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IDB, Clinica IDB Cabudare, Cabudare, Venezuela; Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Universidad Centrooccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Lara State, Venezuela
| | - Carlos E Hernandez-Pereira
- Infectious Diseases Research Incubator and the Zoonosis and Emerging Pathogens Regional Collaborative Network, Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IDB, Clinica IDB Cabudare, Cabudare, Venezuela; Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Universidad Centrooccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Lara State, Venezuela
| | - Juan D Plaza-Morr
- Infectious Diseases Research Incubator and the Zoonosis and Emerging Pathogens Regional Collaborative Network, Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IDB, Clinica IDB Cabudare, Cabudare, Venezuela; Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Experimental Francisco de Miranda, Punto Fijo, Falcón State, Venezuela
| | - Gabriella Blohm
- Infectious Diseases Research Incubator and the Zoonosis and Emerging Pathogens Regional Collaborative Network, Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IDB, Clinica IDB Cabudare, Cabudare, Venezuela; Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mario J Grijalva
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jaime A Costales
- Center for Research on Health in Latin America, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Heather M Ferguson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Philipp Schwabl
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Poppy H L Lamberton
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniel G Streicker
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniel T Haydon
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael A Miles
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alvaro Acosta-Serrano
- Department of Vector Biology and Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Maria G Basañez
- Department of Vector Biology and Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gustavo Benaim
- Instituto de Biología Experimental, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela; Instituto de Estudios Avanzados, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Luis A Colmenares
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Jan E Conn
- Griffin Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA; School of Public Health, University at Albany, NY, USA
| | - Raul Espinoza
- Hospital Miguel Pérez Carreño, Instituto Venezolano de los Seguros Sociales, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Hector Freilij
- Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mary C Graterol-Gil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Peter J Hotez
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hirotomo Kato
- Division of Medical Zoology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - John A Lednicky
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Clara E Martinez
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Santiago Mas-Coma
- Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Glen Morris
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Juan C Navarro
- Enfermedades Emergentes y Salud Ambiental, Centro de Biodiversidad, Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jose L Ramirez
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Marlenes Rodriguez
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Julio A Urbina
- Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | - Maikell J Segovia
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Hernan J Carrasco
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - James L Crainey
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane ILMD/FIOCRUZ, Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Sergio L B Luz
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane ILMD/FIOCRUZ, Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Juan D Moreno
- Centro de Investigaciones de Campo "Dr Francesco Vitanza", Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Altos Estudios "Dr Arnoldo Gabaldon", MPPS, Tumeremo, Venezuela
| | - Oscar O Noya Gonzalez
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela; Centro de Investigaciones de Campo "Dr Francesco Vitanza", Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Altos Estudios "Dr Arnoldo Gabaldon", MPPS, Tumeremo, Venezuela
| | - Juan D Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR, Programa de Biología, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Viettri M, Herrera L, Aguilar CM, Morocoima A, Reyes J, Lares M, Lozano-Arias D, García-Alzate R, Chacón T, Feliciangeli MD, Ferrer E. Molecular diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi/Leishmania spp. coinfection in domestic, peridomestic and wild mammals of Venezuelan co-endemic areas. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2018; 14:123-130. [PMID: 31014717 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
American trypanosomiasis and leishmaniases are diseases caused by protozoans of the Trypanosomatidae family. In Venezuela, although several endemic foci of both diseases coincide, there are no reports of coinfection in mammals. The molecular diagnosis of the coinfection T. cruzi-Leishmania spp. was done in 527 blood samples collected on filter paper of several species of mammals (Canis familiaris, Equus asinus, Didelphis marsupialis, Equus mulus, Rattus rattus, Equus caballus, Artibeus fraterculus, Felis catus, Sus scrofa, Bos taurus, Capra hircus and Sciurus granatensis) from the states Cojedes, Aragua, Anzoátegui, Guárico, Miranda and Capital District. The T. cruzi infection was determined through PCR amplification of DNA of kinetoplast minicircles (kDNA) and satellite DNA (sDNA). The Leishmania spp. infection was detected by Leishmania nested PCR (Ln-PCR), and ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 1 PCR (ITS1-PCR). The percentage of infection by T. cruzi was 23.5%, by Leishmania spp. 12.9% and coinfection was 5.7%. D. marsupialis was the species with the highest percentage of infection for each parasitosis (T. cruzi 34.3%, Leishmania spp. 20.0%) and coinfection (14.3%). Anzoátegui was the state with the highest percentage of infection for each parasitosis (T. cruzi 64.9%, Leishmania spp. 64.9%) and coinfection (43.2%). Infections were determined in species not reported as natural reservoirs of T. cruzi (E. asinus and E. mulus) and of Leishmania spp. (E. mulus and S. scrofa). Coinfection was a frequent phenomenon in mammals in several co-endemic zones evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Viettri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela; Departamento de Clinico Integral, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela
| | - Leidi Herrera
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Cruz M Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET-UC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, San Carlos, Cojedes, Venezuela
| | - Antonio Morocoima
- Centro de Medicina Tropical de Oriente, Universidad de Oriente (UDO) Núcleo Anzoátegui, Barcelona, estado Anzoátegui, Venezuela
| | - Jesús Reyes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela
| | - María Lares
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela
| | - Daisy Lozano-Arias
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Roberto García-Alzate
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Tony Chacón
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - María D Feliciangeli
- Centro Nacional de Referencia de Flebótomos, BIOMED, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Elizabeth Ferrer
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
García-Jordán N, Berrizbeitia M, Rodríguez J, Concepción JL, Cáceres A, Quiñones W. [Seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in the rural population of Sucre State, Venezuela]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2017; 33:e00050216. [PMID: 29091170 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00050216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Sucre State, Venezuela, and its association with epidemiological risk factors. The cluster sampling design allowed selecting 96 villages and 576 dwellings in the State's 15 municipalities. A total of 2,212 serum samples were analyzed by ELISA, HAI, and IFI. Seroprevalence in Sucre State was 3.12%. Risk factors associated with T. cruzi infection were: accumulated garbage, flooring and wall materials, type of dwelling, living in a house with wattle and daub walls and/or straw roofing, living in a house with risky walls and roofing, risky buildings and wattle and daub outbuildings, poultry inside the human dwelling, and presence of firewood. Infection was associated with individual age, and three seropositive cases were found in individuals less than 15 years of age. Sucre State has epidemiological factors that favor the risk of acquiring T. cruzi infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariolga Berrizbeitia
- Postgrado en Biología Aplicada, Universidad de Oriente, Cumaná, Venezuela.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Oriente, Cumaná, Venezuela
| | - Jessicca Rodríguez
- Postgrado en Biología Aplicada, Universidad de Oriente, Cumaná, Venezuela
| | | | - Ana Cáceres
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Santeliz S, Caicedo P, Giraldo E, Alvarez C, Yustiz MD, Rodríguez-Bonfante C, Bonfante-Rodríguez R, Bonfante-Cabarcas R. Dipyridamole potentiated the trypanocidal effect of nifurtimox and improved the cardiac function in NMRI mice with acute chagasic myocarditis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 112:596-608. [PMID: 28902285 PMCID: PMC5572445 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As chronic Chagas disease does not have a definitive treatment, the development of alternative therapeutic protocols is a priority. Dipyridamole (DPY) is an alternative to counteract the pathophysiological phenomena involved in Chagas cardiomyopathy. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of DPY associated with nifurtimox (Nfx) in epimastigote axenic cultures and in mice with acute Chagas disease. METHODS NMRI adult male mice were divided into nine groups: three healthy and six Trypanosoma cruzi-infected groups. Mice received vehicle, Nfx or DPY, alone or combined. The doses assayed were Nfx 10 and 40 mg/kg and DPY 30 mg/kg. The treatment efficacy was evaluated by clinical, electrocardiographic, parasitological, biochemical and histopathological methods. FINDINGS In vitro, DPY and Nfx had a trypanocidal effect with IC50 values of 372 ± 52 and 21.53 ± 2.13 µM, respectively; DPY potentiated the Nfx effect. In vivo, Nfx (40 mg/kg) with or without DPY had a therapeutic effect, which was reflected in the 84-92% survival rate and elimination of parasitaemia and heart tissue amastigotes. Nfx (10 mg/kg) had a subtherapeutic effect with no survival and persistence of amastigotes, inflammation and fibrosis in heart tissue; adding DPY increased the survival rate to 85%, and all tested parameters were significantly improved. MAIN CONCLUSION DPY has a trypanocidal effect in vitro and enhances the Nfx therapeutic effect in an in vivo murine model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Santeliz
- Decanato de Ciencias Veterinarias, Unidad de Biomedicina, Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía, Barquisimeto, Estado Lara, Venezuela
| | - Peter Caicedo
- Decanato de Ciencias de la Salud, Unidad de Bioquímica, Barquisimeto, Estado Lara, Venezuela
| | - Elidiosmar Giraldo
- Decanato de Ciencias de la Salud, Unidad de Bioquímica, Barquisimeto, Estado Lara, Venezuela
| | - Carmen Alvarez
- Decanato de Ciencias Veterinarias, Unidad de Biomedicina, Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía, Barquisimeto, Estado Lara, Venezuela
| | - María-Daniela Yustiz
- Decanato de Ciencias de la Salud, Unidad de Bioquímica, Barquisimeto, Estado Lara, Venezuela
| | - Claudina Rodríguez-Bonfante
- Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Unidad de Parasitología Médica, Barquisimeto, Lara, Venezuela
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Bartsch SM, Peterson JK, Hertenstein DL, Skrip L, Ndeffo-Mbah M, Galvani AP, Dobson AP, Lee BY. Comparison and validation of two computational models of Chagas disease: A thirty year perspective from Venezuela. Epidemics 2017; 18:81-91. [PMID: 28279459 PMCID: PMC5549789 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mathematical models can help aid public health responses to Chagas disease. Models are typically developed to fulfill a particular need, and comparing outputs from different models addressing the same question can help identify the strengths and weaknesses of the models in answering particular questions, such as those for achieving the 2020 goals for Chagas disease. METHODS Using two separately developed models (PHICOR/CIDMA model and Princeton model), we simulated dynamics for domestic transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). We compared how well the models targeted the last 9 years and last 19 years of the 1968-1998 historical seroprevalence data from Venezuela. RESULTS Both models were able to generate the T. cruzi seroprevalence for the next time period within reason to the historical data. The PHICOR/CIDMA model estimates of the total population seroprevalence more closely followed the trends seen in the historic data, while the Princeton model estimates of the age-specific seroprevalence more closely followed historic trends when simulating over 9 years. Additionally, results from both models overestimated T. cruzi seroprevalence among younger age groups, while underestimating the seroprevalence of T. cruzi in older age groups. CONCLUSION The PHICOR/CIDMA and Princeton models differ in level of detail and included features, yet both were able to generate the historical changes in T. cruzi seroprevalence in Venezuela over 9 and 19-year time periods. Our model comparison has demonstrated that different model structures can be useful in evaluating disease transmission dynamics and intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Bartsch
- Public Health Computational and Operations Research (PHICOR), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States; Global Obesity Prevention Center, Johns Hopkins University, United States
| | - Jennifer K Peterson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, United States
| | - Daniel L Hertenstein
- Public Health Computational and Operations Research (PHICOR), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States; Global Obesity Prevention Center, Johns Hopkins University, United States
| | - Laura Skrip
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis (CIDMA), Yale School of Public Health, United States
| | - Martial Ndeffo-Mbah
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis (CIDMA), Yale School of Public Health, United States
| | - Alison P Galvani
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis (CIDMA), Yale School of Public Health, United States
| | - Andrew P Dobson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, United States
| | - Bruce Y Lee
- Public Health Computational and Operations Research (PHICOR), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States; Global Obesity Prevention Center, Johns Hopkins University, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Medone P, Ceccarelli S, Parham PE, Figuera A, Rabinovich JE. The impact of climate change on the geographical distribution of two vectors of Chagas disease: implications for the force of infection. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 370:rstb.2013.0560. [PMID: 25688019 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is the most important vector-borne disease in Latin America. The vectors are insects belonging to the Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae), and are widely distributed in the Americas. Here, we assess the implications of climatic projections for 2050 on the geographical footprint of two of the main Chagas disease vectors: Rhodnius prolixus (tropical species) and Triatoma infestans (temperate species). We estimated the epidemiological implications of current to future transitions in the climatic niche in terms of changes in the force of infection (FOI) on the rural population of two countries: Venezuela (tropical) and Argentina (temperate). The climatic projections for 2050 showed heterogeneous impact on the climatic niches of both vector species, with a decreasing trend of suitability of areas that are currently at high-to-moderate transmission risk. Consequently, climatic projections affected differently the FOI for Chagas disease in Venezuela and Argentina. Despite the heterogeneous results, our main conclusions point out a decreasing trend in the number of new cases of Tr. cruzi human infections per year between current and future conditions using a climatic niche approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Medone
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CONICET, CCT- La Plata, UNLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Bulevar 120s/n e/61 y 62. La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires B1902CHX, Argentina
| | - Soledad Ceccarelli
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CONICET, CCT- La Plata, UNLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Bulevar 120s/n e/61 y 62. La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires B1902CHX, Argentina
| | - Paul E Parham
- Department of Public Health and Policy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK Grantham Institute for Climate Change, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Andreína Figuera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Universidad de Carabobo, Sede Aragua, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Jorge E Rabinovich
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CONICET, CCT- La Plata, UNLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Bulevar 120s/n e/61 y 62. La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires B1902CHX, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
García-Alzate R, Lozano-Arias D, Reyes-Lugo RM, Morocoima A, Herrera L, Mendoza-León A. Triatoma maculata, the Vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, in Venezuela. Phenotypic and Genotypic Variability as Potential Indicator of Vector Displacement into the Domestic Habitat. Front Public Health 2014; 2:170. [PMID: 25325053 PMCID: PMC4179684 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triatoma maculata is a wild vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease; its incursion in the domestic habitat is scant. In order to establish the possible domestic habitat of T. maculata, we evaluated wing variability and polymorphism of genotypic markers in subpopulations of T. maculata that live in different habitats in Venezuela. As markers, we used the mtCyt b gene, previously apply to evaluate population genetic structure in triatomine species, and the β-tubulin gene region, a marker employed to study genetic variability in Leishmania subgenera. Adults of T. maculata were captured in the period 2012-2013 at domestic, peridomestic (PD), and wild areas of towns in the Venezuelan states of Anzoátegui, Bolívar, Portuguesa, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, and Sucre. The phenotypic analysis was conducted through the determination of the isometric size and conformation of the left wing of each insect (492 individuals), using the MorphoJ program. Results reveal that insects of the domestic habitat showed significant reductions in wing size and variations in anatomical characteristics associated with flying, in relation to the PD and wild habitats. The largest variability was found in Anzoátegui and Monagas. The genotypic variability was assessed by in silico sequence comparison of the molecular markers and PCR-RFLP assays, demonstrating a marked polymorphism for the markers in insects of the domestic habitat in comparison with the other habitats. The highest polymorphism was found for the β-tubulin marker with enzymes BamHI and KpnI. Additionally, the infection rate by T. cruzi was higher in Monagas and Sucre (26.8 and 37.0%, respectively), while in domestic habitats the infestation rate was highest in Anzoátegui (22.3%). Results suggest domestic habitat colonization by T. maculata that in epidemiological terms, coupled with the presence in this habitat of nymphs of the vector, represents a high risk of transmission of Chagas disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto García-Alzate
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biología Experimental (IBE), Universidad Central de Venezuela , Caracas , Venezuela ; Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Zoología & Ecología Tropical (IZET), Universidad Central de Venezuela , Caracas , Venezuela
| | - Daisy Lozano-Arias
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biología Experimental (IBE), Universidad Central de Venezuela , Caracas , Venezuela ; Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Zoología & Ecología Tropical (IZET), Universidad Central de Venezuela , Caracas , Venezuela
| | - Rafael Matías Reyes-Lugo
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical (IMT), Universidad Central de Venezuela , Caracas , Venezuela
| | - Antonio Morocoima
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical (IMT), Universidad de Oriente , Cumana , Venezuela
| | - Leidi Herrera
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Zoología & Ecología Tropical (IZET), Universidad Central de Venezuela , Caracas , Venezuela
| | - Alexis Mendoza-León
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biología Experimental (IBE), Universidad Central de Venezuela , Caracas , Venezuela
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Trypanosoma cruzi necrotizing meningoencephalitis in a Venezuelan HIV⁺-AIDS patient: pathological diagnosis confirmed by PCR using formalin-fixed- and paraffin-embedded-tissues. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2014; 2014:124795. [PMID: 25763312 PMCID: PMC4334046 DOI: 10.1155/2014/124795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coinfections with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and infectious agents have been recognized since the early 90s. In the central nervous system (CNS) of HIV+ patients, parasitic protozoans like Toxoplasma gondii have been described as responsible for the space occupying lesions (SOL) developed. However, the involvement of Trypanosoma cruzi is also described but appears to be less frequent in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and transplant recipients, associated with necrotizing myocarditis and neurological symptoms related to the occurrence of necrotizing pseudotumoral encephalitis (NPE) and meningoencephalitis (NME). The present work aims to present a Venezuelan case of NME associated with the coinfection of HIV and a T. cruzi-like trypanosomatid as well as its evolution and diagnosis by histopathological techniques, electron microscopy, and PCR methods using formalin-fixed- (FF-) and paraffin-embedded- (PE-) tissues. Postmortem cytological studies of leptomeninges imprints reveal the presence of trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma sp. Histopathological and electron microscopy studies allowed us to identify an amastigote stage and to reject the involvement of other opportunistic microorganisms as the etiological agent of the SOL. The definitive confirmation of T. cruzi as the etiological agent was achieved by PCR suggesting that the NME by T. cruzi was due to a reactivation of Chagas' disease.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ferrer E, Lares M, Viettri M, Medina M. Comparación entre técnicas inmunológicas y moleculares para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad de Chagas. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2013; 31:277-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
15
|
Morocoima A, Carrasco HJ, Boadas J, Chique JD, Herrera L, Urdaneta-Morales S. Trypanosoma cruzi III from armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus novemcinctus) from Northeastern Venezuela and its biological behavior in murine model. Risk of emergency of Chagas’ disease. Exp Parasitol 2012; 132:341-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
16
|
Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in an Indigenous Kariña Community in Eastern Venezuela. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1155/2012/138259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in an indigenous Kariña population in eastern Venezuela. A total of 175 serum samples were collected in the community of Piñantal during February 2009. Interviews targeting socioeconomic and environmental factors associated with the T. cruzi transmission were also conducted. Samples were evaluated using trypomastigote excreted/secreted antigens (TESAs) in an ELISA format. TESA-ELISA positive samples were confirmed by indirect haemagglutination (HAI) (Wiener). A nonsystematic collection of vectors was also undertaken. T. cruzi seroprevalence was 7.43% according to both assays, and the mean age of infected patients was 48.61±10.40 years (range 34 to 73 years). The vector infection rate was 20.00% (2/10). T. cruzi seropositivity was associated with a history of triatomine bites, the ability to recognize the vector and poor knowledge about Chagas disease, but no associations were found with gender, house type, knowledge of how the disease is transmitted, or the presence of vectors or animals inside dwellings. To our knowledge, this is the first study of the seroprevalence of T. cruzi in an indigenous population in eastern Venezuela. All of the epidemiological variables required for the establishment of active vectorial transmission of T. cruzi were present in this community.
Collapse
|
17
|
The development and validation of a risk score for household infestation by Triatoma infestans, a Bolivian vector of Chagas disease. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2012; 106:677-82. [PMID: 22975298 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, primarily spread in Bolivia by the vector Triatoma Infestans, persists as an important public health problem. Preventative insecticide campaigns target spraying on the basis of anecdotal evidence and there is a need for an accurate classification score to correctly identify 'at risk' houses. Data were collected from 337 households on 11 variables through the use of a standardised questionnaire and survey. Risk factors for infestation were identified and a risk score was developed and validated on a separate cohort of 165 houses. Five significant risk factors were identified: cracks in the walls of houses; adobe walls; junk in the peridomiciliary area; no insecticide spraying in the previous two years; and freely ranging animals. A risk score was generated and then calculated for each house. Three risk categories were defined: low, medium and high risk. In the development cohort the infestation rates were 2%, 18% and 69% respectively. The corresponding infestation rates in the validation cohort were 7%, 30% and 75% respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for this test were 81% and 84% and the positive predictive and negative predictive values were 71% and 90%. The risk score developed could be used to inform decision making in underfunded multilateral preventative initiatives.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abad-Franch F, Vega MC, Rolón MS, Santos WS, Rojas de Arias A. Community participation in Chagas disease vector surveillance: systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1207. [PMID: 21713022 PMCID: PMC3119642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vector control has substantially reduced Chagas disease (ChD) incidence. However, transmission by household-reinfesting triatomines persists, suggesting that entomological surveillance should play a crucial role in the long-term interruption of transmission. Yet, infestation foci become smaller and harder to detect as vector control proceeds, and highly sensitive surveillance methods are needed. Community participation (CP) and vector-detection devices (VDDs) are both thought to enhance surveillance, but this remains to be thoroughly assessed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We searched Medline, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, LILACS, SciELO, the bibliographies of retrieved studies, and our own records. Data from studies describing vector control and/or surveillance interventions were extracted by two reviewers. Outcomes of primary interest included changes in infestation rates and the detection of infestation/reinfestation foci. Most results likely depended on study- and site-specific conditions, precluding meta-analysis, but we re-analysed data from studies comparing vector control and detection methods whenever possible. Results confirm that professional, insecticide-based vector control is highly effective, but also show that reinfestation by native triatomines is common and widespread across Latin America. Bug notification by householders (the simplest CP-based strategy) significantly boosts vector detection probabilities; in comparison, both active searches and VDDs perform poorly, although they might in some cases complement each other. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE CP should become a strategic component of ChD surveillance, but only professional insecticide spraying seems consistently effective at eliminating infestation foci. Involvement of stakeholders at all process stages, from planning to evaluation, would probably enhance such CP-based strategies.
Collapse
|
19
|
Herrera-Martínez AD, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. Trends in the seroprevalence of antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi among blood donors in a Western Hospital of Venezuela, 2004-2008. Acta Trop 2010; 116:115-7. [PMID: 20451488 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
20
|
Berrizbeitia M, Ward BJ, Bubis J, Gottschalk M, Aché A, Perdomo D, Medina R, Medina M, Spencer L, Ndao M. 85-kDa protein of Trypanosoma cruzi purified by affinity chromatography used in the multiple antigen binding assay (MABA) for the diagnosis of T. cruzi infection in a Venezuelan rural community. Parasitol Res 2010; 106:1127-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-1773-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
21
|
Diazgranados CA, Saavedra-Trujillo CH, Mantilla M, Valderrama SL, Alquichire C, Franco-Paredes C. Chagasic encephalitis in HIV patients: common presentation of an evolving epidemiological and clinical association. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2009; 9:324-30. [PMID: 19393962 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(09)70088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of chagasic meningoencephalitis reactivation in an HIV-infected woman with advanced immunosuppression. Prolonged survival was attained with antiparasitic therapy and secondary prophylaxis, in conjunction with the use of highly-active antiretroviral therapy. The geographic expansion of the HIV epidemic around the world coupled with global migration and international travel have created a favourable situation for Trypanosoma cruzi and HIV coinfection. The clinical manifestations of Chagas disease in HIV-positive people usually represent reactivation and not acute infection with T cruzi (coinfection). Symptomatic reactivation of chronic latent T cruzi infection can be triggered by severe immunosuppression associated with HIV infection. In this setting, Chagas disease reactivation often presents as meningoencephalitis resembling toxoplasma encephalitis. We review, in this Grand Round, the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approach, pathogenesis, natural history, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of Chagas disease reactivation among HIV-infected people with an emphasis on CNS manifestations.
Collapse
|
22
|
Oliveira-Filho J. Stroke and brain atrophy in chronic Chagas disease patients: A new theory proposition. Dement Neuropsychol 2009; 3:22-26. [PMID: 29213605 PMCID: PMC5619027 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-57642009dn30100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) remains a major cause of cardiomyopathy and stroke in developing countries. Brain damage in CD has been attributed exclusively to the effects of structural heart disease on the brain, including cardioembolism and low cardiac output symptoms. However, CD patients also develop stroke and brain atrophy independently of cardiac disease severity. Chronic inflammation directed against T. cruzi may act as a trigger for endothelial damage, platelet activation, acceleration of atherosclerosis and apoptosis, all of which lead to stroke and brain atrophy. In the present article, evidence supporting this new theory is presented, along with considerations towards mechanistically-based targeted treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamary Oliveira-Filho
- MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Coordinator of the Stroke Clinic, Federal
University of Bahia. Head of Neurology Service and Neurocritical Care Unit, Hospital
Espanhol in Salvador, BA, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Trypanosoma cruzi in Brazilian Amazonia: Lineages TCI and TCIIa in wild primates, Rhodnius spp. and in humans with Chagas disease associated with oral transmission. Int J Parasitol 2008; 39:615-23. [PMID: 19041313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Revised: 09/20/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we provide phylogenetic and biogeographic evidence that the Trypanosoma cruzi lineages T. cruzi I (TCI) and T. cruzi IIa (TCIIa) circulate amongst non-human primates in Brazilian Amazonia, and are transmitted by Rhodnius species in overlapping arboreal transmission cycles, sporadically infecting humans. TCI presented higher prevalence rates, and no lineages other than TCI and TCIIa were found in this study in wild monkeys and Rhodnius from the Amazonian region. We characterised TCI and TCIIa from wild primates (16 TCI and five TCIIa), Rhodnius spp. (13 TCI and nine TCIIa), and humans with Chagas disease associated with oral transmission (14 TCI and five TCIIa) in Brazilian Amazonia. To our knowledge, TCIIa had not been associated with wild monkeys until now. Polymorphisms of ssrDNA, cytochrome b gene sequences and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) patterns clearly separated TCIIa from TCIIb-e and TCI lineages, and disclosed small intra-lineage polymorphisms amongst isolates from Amazonia. These data are important in understanding the complexity of the transmission cycles, genetic structure, and evolutionary history of T. cruzi populations circulating in Amazonia, and they contribute to both the unravelling of human infection routes and the pathological peculiarities of Chagas disease in this region.
Collapse
|
24
|
Garraud O, Pelletier B, Aznar C. Pourquoi ajourner au don de sang des candidats au motif d’un risque de maladie de Chagas ? Transfus Clin Biol 2008; 15:123-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2007] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
25
|
Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Benitez JA, Tellez I, Franco-Paredes C. Chagas disease screening among Latin American immigrants in non-endemic settings. Travel Med Infect Dis 2008; 6:162-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Accepted: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
26
|
Guhl F. Chagas disease in Andean countries. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2007; 102 Suppl 1:29-38. [PMID: 17891273 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762007005000099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Andean Countries' Initiative (ACI) for controlling Chagas disease was officially created in 1997 within the framework of the Hipolito Unanue Agreement (UNANUE) between the Ministries of Health of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Its objective was to interrupt transmission via vector and transfusion in the region, taking into account that there are 12.5 million people at risk in the four Andean countries forming the initiative in the area and around 3 million people are infected by Trypanosoma cruzi. The progress of control activities for the vector species present in the Andean sub-region, for different reasons, has been slow and control interventions have still not been installed in all geographical areas occupied by the target species. This has been partly due to lack of knowledge about these vector populations' biological characteristics, and consequent uncertainty about which are the appropriate control measures and strategies to be implemented in the region. The main vector species present important similarities in Venezuela and Colombia and in Ecuador and Northern Peru and they can be approached in a similar way throughout the whole regions, basing approaches on and adapting them to the current strategies being developed in Venezuela during the 1960s which have been progressively adopted in the Southern Cone and Central-American region. Additional measures are needed for keeping endemic areas free from Rhodnius prolixus silvatic populations, widely spread in the Orinoco region in Colombia and Venezuela. Regarding aetiological treatment, it is worth mentioning that (with the exception of Colombia) none of the other countries forming the ACI have registered medicaments available for treating infected young people. There are no suitable follow-up programmes in the sub-region or for treating cases of congenital Chagas disease. An integral and integrated programme encompassing all the aspects including transmission by transfusion which seems to have achieved extremely encouraging results in all countries, are urgently needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Guhl
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Campbell-Lendrum DH, Angulo VM, Esteban L, Tarazona Z, Parra GJ, Restrepo M, Restrepo BN, Guhl F, Pinto N, Aguilera G, Wilkinson P, Davies CR. House-level risk factors for triatomine infestation in Colombia. Int J Epidemiol 2007; 36:866-72. [PMID: 17698884 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dym065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease, transmitted domestically by triatomine bugs, is the most important vector-borne disease in Latin America. The association between triatomine infestation and housing characteristics was investigated based on a standardized survey in 41 971 houses in 15 Departments in Colombia. METHODS Multivariate logistic regression was used to test for associations of two highly correlated infestation measures of infestation (householders reporting having seen triatomines inside the house, and sending triatomines to the survey team), with 15 household-level risk factors. Risks were measured relative to a reference category of houses with up to three inhabitants, area up to 50 m(2), unplastered adobe walls, thatch roof and no outbuildings or domestic animals. RESULTS The probability of seeing triatomines was highest for households with over seven inhabitants (OR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.11-1.39), overhead storage space (OR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.03-1.32), grain shed (OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.02-1.52), cats (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.14-1.42) and pigs (OR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.03-1.30). Lowest risks were in houses with wooden walls (OR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.34-0.61), fully plastered walls (OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.68-0.88), roofs made of tiles (OR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.33-0.78) and flagstone floors (OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.42-0.76). Results for householders returning triatomines support this set of risk factors, but with wider confidence intervals. CONCLUSIONS Surveillance of a few easily assessed household characteristics provides an accurate, rapid assessment of house-level variation in risk. Measured effect sizes for specific structural characteristics could be used to maximize the cost-effectiveness of programmes to reduce vector infestation and interrupt Chagas disease transmission by improving house quality.
Collapse
|
28
|
Pavan MG, Monteiro FA. A multiplex PCR assay that separates Rhodnius prolixus from members of the Rhodnius robustus cryptic species complex (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Trop Med Int Health 2007; 12:751-8. [PMID: 17550472 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rhodnius prolixus is one of the most important primary vectors of human Chagas disease in Latin America. Its morphology is, however, identical to that of the members of the Rhodnius robustus cryptic species complex, which includes secondary vectors. The correct identification of these taxa with differential vector competence is, therefore, of great epidemiological relevance. We used the alignment of 26 mitochondrial cytochrome b haplotypes (663 bp) to select for PCR-amplifiable species-specific regions. We designed one forward primer on a region conserved across all haplotypes, and three reverse primers that anneal to species-specific regions and amplify fragments of different lengths for R. prolixus (285 bp) and for members of the two major R. robustus lineages: group I (349 bp) and groups II-IV (239 bp). These fragments were easily identifiable on regular 1.5% agarose gels. This multiplex PCR assay was successfully tested on 81 specimens from six Latin American countries, and used to determine the phylogeographic boundaries for each species. It is a simple, objective, and cost-effective assay. Its PCR-based nature makes it applicable to any insect developmental stage, as well as to dried specimens, and insect remains. It should be particularly useful in areas where representatives of these Rhodnius species occur in sympatry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Pavan
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Berrizbeitia M, Ndao M, Bubis J, Gottschalk M, Aché A, Lacouture S, Medina M, Ward BJ. Field evaluation of four novel enzyme immunoassays for Chagas' disease in Venezuela blood banks: comparison of assays using fixed-epimastigotes, fixed-trypomastigotes or trypomastigote excreted?secreted antigens from two Trypanosoma cruzi strains. Transfus Med 2006; 16:419-31. [PMID: 17163873 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2006.00703.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Many serological tests have been developed for the diagnosis of Chagas' disease, but few have been subjected to a rigorous field evaluation. We have recently described several novel enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) based on fixed-whole organisms or trypomastigote excretory-secretory antigens (TESA) from different Trypanosoma cruzi strains (Tulahuen or Brazil). This study evaluated the most promising of these novel assays (e.g. fixed-epimastigotes, fixed-trypomastigotes, TESA Brazil and TESA Tulahuen antigens) in a field study of Venezuelan blood bank specimens. The assays were tested in an operator-blinded fashion using 2038 blood bank samples obtained from low and high T.cruzi prevalence regions of Venezuela (n= 1050 and n= 988 from Bolivar and Portuguesa states, respectively). Based on National Laboratory for Chagas Immunodiagnosis (NLCI) 'gold standard' results, all novel EIAs were superior to the commercial kit currently used in Venezuela, achieving 100% sensitivity and >99% specificity at optimal cut-off values. The novel assays identified seven false-negative samples compared with the routine screening performed by the Venezuelan blood bank although two samples were also misclassified as positive. Minor differences in the performance of the four novel assays were observed at lower arbitrary cut-off values. This study confirms the potential utility of both the fixed-organism and the TESA-based assays in the diagnosis of T.cruzi infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Berrizbeitia
- National Reference Centre for Parasitology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sanchez-Martin MJ, Feliciangeli MD, Campbell-Lendrum D, Davies CR. Could the Chagas disease elimination programme in Venezuela be compromised by reinvasion of houses by sylvatic Rhodnius prolixus bug populations? Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11:1585-93. [PMID: 17002733 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01717.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Andean Pact Initiative (1997) committed Andean countries to eliminate vectorial transmission of Chagas disease by 2010 via widespread residual insecticide spraying. In Venezuela, this aim could be compromised by reinvasion of houses by palm tree populations of the major vector Rhodnius prolixus. To test this hypothesis, a multivariate logistic regression was undertaken of risk factors for triatomine infestation and colonization in 552 houses and 1068 peri-domestic outbuildings in Barinas State. After adjusting for other risk factors, including palm roofs, R. prolixus infestation and colonization of outbuildings (and, to some extent, houses) was significantly associated with proximity to high densities of Attalea butyracea palm trees. House infestation and/or colonization was also positively associated with bug density in peri-domestic outbuildings, the presence of pigsties and nests. Hence, R. prolixus populations in ineffectively sprayed outbuildings could also provide an important source of house re-infestations. The secondary vector Triatoma maculata was mainly found associated with the presence of hens nesting both indoors and outdoors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Sanchez-Martin
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Crisante G, Rojas A, Teixeira MMG, Añez N. Infected dogs as a risk factor in the transmission of human Trypanosoma cruzi infection in western Venezuela. Acta Trop 2006; 98:247-54. [PMID: 16797466 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2006.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2006] [Revised: 05/17/2006] [Accepted: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A total of 565 mongrel dogs from rural localities of Venezuela were examined by serological (DAT, IFAT and ELISA) and parasitological tests to address the status of Trypanosoma cruzi infection and to evaluate their role in the transmission of the infection to human population. The overall percentage of sero-positive infected dogs shown to be 67.6% (382/565):253 (61.7%) from 47 villages belonging to 8 states located at 4 different geographical regions of western Venezuela and 129 (33.5%) dogs from 48 households located in areas where Chagas disease is endemic. From 101 sampled dogs living in close proximity to 30 acute chagasic patients, 84% expressed specific anti-T. cruzi antibodies (Ab) with 12 of them (14%) showing blood circulating parasites (BCP). In these houses a high proportion of sero-positive people (20%) and frequent indoor infestation by triatomine-bugs (70%) was also recorded. The analysis revealed that from the 47 rural villages sampled during the study, 91.5% had the presence of T. cruzi sero-positive dogs, ranging from 62% positive localities at the states of Falcon and Cojedes to 100% in the other six studied Venezuelan states. This demonstrates that T. cruzi-infected dogs are found throughout all the geographical regions of western Venezuela irrespective of their ecological differences. Molecular typing of T. cruzi isolates from infected dogs using ribosomal and mini-exon gene markers, revealed the presence of both T. cruzi I and T. cruzi II lineages. The coincidence in the circulation of T. cruzi II in dog and human populations at the same locality and at the same time is reported and its significance is discussed. The combined serological, parasitological, epidemiological and molecular data is gathered here to call the attention on the presence of infected dogs as a risk factor in the maintenance of T. cruzi as a source for infection to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Crisante
- Investigaciones Parasitológicas J.F. Torrealba, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Borges JD, Assis GFMD, Gomes LV, Dias JCP, Pinto IDM, Martins-Filho OA, Torres RM, Viñas PA, Bahia MT, Machado-Coelho GLL, Lana MD. Seroprevalence of Chagas disease in schoolchildren from two municipalities of Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil; six years following the onset of epidemiological surveillance. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2006; 48:81-6. [PMID: 16699629 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652006000200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Six years after the beginning of the epidemiological surveillance of Chagas disease in Berilo and José Gonçalves de Minas, Jequitinhonha Valley, MG, Brazil, a serological inquiry was performed to observe whether the transmission of this endemy was occurring in this area. A randomized sample of 1,412 children seven to 14 years old, was screened. Six asymptomatic children were found to be positive, leading to 0.4% of prevalence. Hemoculture confirmed infection in five out of the six positive cases. Additional epidemiological investigation revealed important antecedents, such as disease reports in relatives and predisposing ecological and housing conditions. Our results demonstrated similar seroprevalence (0.4%) in schoolchildren, ranging from seven to 14 years old, and that were observed six years ago (0.2%) for children 0-9 year-old. Thus, considering the constant presence of Panstrogylus megistus in the peridomicile these findings emphasize the need of continuous improved epidemiological surveillance of Chagas disease in this region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaila Dias Borges
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, UFOP, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|