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Fu K, Gao C, Li X, Zhang H, Xue B. 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol induces oxidative stress and promotes testicular damage and infertility in rats through CYP2C9. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 128:108633. [PMID: 38944211 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) is a newly discovered food process pollutant with nephrotoxicity. And the mechanism by which 3-MCPD affects male spermatogenesis has not been fully studied. Cell viability, blood-testis barrier (BTB) related protein, progesterone content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and cell apoptosis were determined by a CCK8 assay, western blot, ELISA, flow cytometry, and TUNEL staining, respectively. Wistar rats were divided into three groups: low-dose 3-MCPD, high-dose 3-MCPD, and control. Sperm parameters, hormonal levels, and biomarkers of oxidative stress in the testis and epididymis were detected by ELISA. Multiple molecular experiments including molecular docking and western blot were used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. 3-MCPD affects testicular cell activity, and promotes ROS production and apoptosis. Disrupting the integrity of BTB in the body, downregulating sex hormones and sperm quality, and promoting apoptosis. 3-MCPD may function through CYP2C9. This study preliminarily explores the mechanism by which 3-MCPD affects spermatogenesis. It was found that 3-MCPD destroys the structure and function of BTB and damages the testicular function of male mice, thus affecting the process of spermatogenesis via CYP2C9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Chuchu Gao
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Suzhou Municipal Hospital), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215002, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Boxin Xue
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China.
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Chachlaki K, Le Duc K, Storme L, Prevot V. Novel insights into minipuberty and GnRH: Implications on neurodevelopment, cognition, and COVID-19 therapeutics. J Neuroendocrinol 2024:e13387. [PMID: 38565500 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In humans, the first 1000 days of life are pivotal for brain and organism development. Shortly after birth, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the hypothalamus are activated, a phenomenon known as minipuberty. This phenomenon, observed in all mammals studied, influences the postnatal development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and reproductive function. This review will put into perspective the results of recent studies showing that the impact of minipuberty extends beyond reproductive function, influencing sensory and cognitive maturation. Studies in mice have revealed the role of nitric oxide (NO) in regulating minipuberty amplitude, with NO deficiency linked to cognitive and olfactory deficits. Additionally, findings indicate that cognitive and sensory defects in adulthood in a mouse model of Down syndrome are associated with an age-dependent decline of GnRH production, whose origin can be traced back to minipuberty, and point to the potential therapeutic role of pulsatile GnRH administration in cognitive disorders. Furthermore, this review delves into the repercussions of COVID-19 on GnRH production, emphasizing potential consequences for neurodevelopment and cognitive function in infected individuals. Notably, GnRH neurons appear susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, raising concerns about potential long-term effects on brain development and function. In conclusion, the intricate interplay between GnRH neurons, GnRH release, and the activity of various extrahypothalamic brain circuits reveals an unexpected role for these neuroendocrine neurons in the development and maintenance of sensory and cognitive functions, supplementing their established function in reproduction. Therapeutic interventions targeting the HPG axis, such as inhaled NO therapy in infancy and pulsatile GnRH administration in adults, emerge as promising approaches for addressing neurodevelopmental cognitive disorders and pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Chachlaki
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR_S1172, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Hospital-University Federation (FHU) 1000 First Days of Life, Lille, France
| | - Kevin Le Duc
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Hospital-University Federation (FHU) 1000 First Days of Life, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Neonatology Department, Jeanne de Flandres Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Laurent Storme
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Hospital-University Federation (FHU) 1000 First Days of Life, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Neonatology Department, Jeanne de Flandres Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR_S1172, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Hospital-University Federation (FHU) 1000 First Days of Life, Lille, France
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3
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Fernini M, Menad R, Belhocine M, Lakabi L, Smaï S, Gernigon-Spychalowicz T, Khammar F, Bonnet X, Exbrayat JM, Moudilou E. Seasonal variations of testis anatomy and of G-coupled oestrogen receptor 1 expression in Gerbillus gerbillus. Anat Histol Embryol 2023; 52:1016-1028. [PMID: 37661709 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The gerbil, Gerbillus gerbillus, a nocturnal desert rodent of northern Africa, exhibits a seasonal reproductive cycle with marked anatomical and behavioural shifts between breeding season and resting season. The aim of this study is to investigate key elements involved in these seasonal changes, specifically in males: the histology of the testis as well as the expression of the G-protein-coupled oestrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) in the testis. During the breeding season, the seminiferous tubules were full of spermatozoa, and their epithelium contained germinal cells embedded in Sertoli cells. Amidst tubules, well-developed Leydig cells were observed around blood vessels, with peritubular myoid cells providing structural and dynamic support to the tubules. GPER1 was largely expressed throughout the testis. Notably, Leydig cells, spermatogonia and spermatocytes showed strong immunohistochemical signals. Sertoli cells, spermatozoa and peritubular myoid cells were moderately stained. During the resting season, spermatogenesis was blocked at the spermatocyte stage, spermatids and spermatozoa were absent and the interstitial space was reduced. The weight of the testis decreased significantly. At this stage, GPER1 was found in Leydig cells, spermatocytes and peritubular myoid cells. Sertoli cells and spermatogonia were not marked. Overall, the testis of the gerbil, Gerbillus gerbillus, has undergone noticeable histological, cellular and weight changes between seasons. In addition, the seasonal expression pattern of GPER1, with pronounced differences between resting season and breeding season, indicates that this receptor is involved in the regulation of the reproductive cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Fernini
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Laboratory of Sciences and Techniques of Animal Production (LSTPA), Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Rafik Menad
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Research on Arid Areas, Small Vertebrates Reproduction, Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology, Algiers, Algeria
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Valorization and Bioengineering of Natural Resources, University of Algiers, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Mansouria Belhocine
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Laboratory of Sciences and Techniques of Animal Production (LSTPA), Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Lynda Lakabi
- Natural Resources Laboratory, University Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Souaâd Smaï
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Research on Arid Areas, Small Vertebrates Reproduction, Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Thérèse Gernigon-Spychalowicz
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Research on Arid Areas, Small Vertebrates Reproduction, Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Farida Khammar
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Research on Arid Areas, Mammal Ecophysiology, Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology, El Alia, Algiers, Algeria
| | | | - Jean-Marie Exbrayat
- UMRS 449, Laboratory of General Biology, Catholic University of Lyon, Reproduction and Comparative Development/EPHE, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Elara Moudilou
- UMRS 449, Laboratory of General Biology, Catholic University of Lyon, Reproduction and Comparative Development/EPHE, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
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Pan P, Wen Z, Ma F, Lei Z, Pan C, Fei Q, Tian E, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Li H, Li X, Zhong Y, Ge RS, Xu RA. Bisphenol S stimulates Leydig cell proliferation but inhibits differentiation in pubertal male rats through multiple mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2361-2376. [PMID: 37357847 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) is a novel bisphenol A (BPA) analogue, a ubiquitous environmental pollutant that disrupts male reproductive system. Whether BPS affects Leydig cell maturation in male puberty remains unclear. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (age of 35 days) were daily gavaged to 0, 1, 10, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day from postnatal days 35-56. BPS at 1-10 mg/kg/day and higher doses markedly reduced serum testosterone and progesterone levels but it at 200 mg/kg/day significantly increased estradiol level. BPS at 100 and 200 mg/kg/day significantly elevated serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. BPS at 1-10 mg/kg/day and higher doses significantly reduced inhibin A and inhibin B levels. BPS at 100 and 200 mg/kg/day markedly increased CYP11A1+ Leydig cell number, but did not affect HSD11B1+ (a mature Leydig cell marker) cell number. BPS at 10 mg/kg/day and higher doses significantly downregulated the expression of Cyp11a1 and at 100 and 200 mg/kg/d significantly lowered Cyp17a1, Hsd11b1, and Nr5a1 in the testes. BPS at 100 and/or 200 mg/kg/day significantly elevated Lhb in the pituitary. BPS at 100 and 200 mg/kg/day significantly increased the phosphorylation of AKT1, AKT2, and CREB without affecting total AKT1, AKT2, and CREB levels. BPS at 1-100 μM significantly suppressed testosterone production and induced proliferation of primary immature Leydig cells after 24 h of treatment and these actions were reversed by estrogen receptor α antagonist, ICI 182780, and partially reversed by vitamin E. BPS at 0.1-10 μM significantly increased oxidative stress of Leydig cells in vitro. BPS also directly inhibited 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 activity at 10-100 μM. In conclusion, BPS causes hypergonadotropic androgen deficiency in male rats during pubertal exposure via activating ESR1 and inducing ROS in immature Leydig cells and directly inhibiting 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Pan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zina Wen
- Department of Andrology, Chengdu Xi'nan Gynecological Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Feifei Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhen Lei
- Department of Andrology, Chengdu Xi'nan Gynecological Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengshuang Pan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qianjin Fei
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Erpo Tian
- Department of Andrology, Chengdu Xi'nan Gynecological Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiqi Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huitao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Department of Andrology, Chengdu Xi'nan Gynecological Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ren-Ai Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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5
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Hodge MJ, de Las Heras-Saldana S, Rindfleish SJ, Stephen CP, Pant SD. QTLs and Candidate Genes Associated with Semen Traits in Merino Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2286. [PMID: 37508063 PMCID: PMC10376747 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ram semen traits play a significant role in conception outcomes, which in turn may influence reproductive efficiency and the overall productivity and profitability of sheep enterprises. Since hundreds of ewes may be inseminated from a single ejaculate, it is important to evaluate semen quality prior to use in sheep breeding programs. Given that semen traits have been found to be heritable, genetic variation likely contributes to the variability observed in these traits. Identifying such genetic variants could provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying variability in semen traits. Therefore, this study aimed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with semen traits in Merino sheep. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was undertaken using 4506 semen collection records from 246 Merino rams collected between January 2002 and May 2021. The R package RepeatABEL was used to perform a GWAS for semen volume, gross motility, concentration, and percent post-thaw motility. A total of 35 QTLs, located on 16 Ovis aries autosomes (OARs), were significantly associated with either of the four semen traits in this study. A total of 89, 95, 33, and 73 candidate genes were identified, via modified Bonferroni, within the QTLs significantly associated with volume, gross motility, concentration, and percent post-thaw motility, respectively. Among the candidate genes identified, SORD, SH2B1, and NT5E have been previously described to significantly influence spermatogenesis, spermatozoal motility, and high percent post-thaw motility, respectively. Several candidate genes identified could potentially influence ram semen traits based on existing evidence in the literature. As such, validation of these putative candidates may offer the potential to develop future strategies to improve sheep reproductive efficiency. Furthermore, Merino ram semen traits are lowly heritable (0.071-0.139), and thus may be improved by selective breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnie J Hodge
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- Apiam Animal Health, Apiam Genetic Services, Dubbo, NSW 2830, Australia
| | - Sara de Las Heras-Saldana
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, a Joint Venture of NSW Department of Primary Industries and University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | | | - Cyril P Stephen
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Sameer D Pant
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
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Rosati L, Chianese T, Simoniello P, Motta CM, Scudiero R. The Italian Wall Lizard Podarcis siculus as a Biological Model for Research in Male Reproductive Toxicology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315220. [PMID: 36499547 PMCID: PMC9737876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a genetically driven differentiation process that occurs in the testis and leads to the formation of spermatozoa. This process is extensively studied in several experimental models, particularly in vertebrates that share the morphological structure and functionality of the mammalian testis. Although reptiles are not generally considered biological models, the lizard Podarcis siculus has represented a suitable organism for the study of spermatogenesis over the years. In this lizard, the process of spermatogenesis is regulated by the interaction between systemic factors such as gonadotropins and local factors, i.e., molecules produced by the somatic and germinal cells of the testis. Many exogenous substances are able to alter the production of these regulative factors, thus altering the course of spermatogenesis, and P. siculus has proven to be an excellent model for studying the effects of various endogenous or exogenous substances on mechanisms underlying spermatogenesis. This review summarizes the available data on the effects of different substances on the control of spermatogenesis, highlighting the induced morphological and molecular alterations. Overall, the data show that sex hormone levels as well as the final stages of spermatogenesis are most affected by an imbalance of endogenous compounds or contamination by environmental pollutants. This is helpful for the male individual, since the damage, not affecting the spermatogonial stem cells, can be considered transient and not irreversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Rosati
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Teresa Chianese
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Palma Simoniello
- Department of Sciences and Technology, University Parthenope, Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Motta
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosaria Scudiero
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Baghel K, Srivastava R. Stress and steroid interaction modulates expression of estrogen receptor alpha in the brain, pituitary, and testes of immature Gallus gallus domesticus. Stress 2021; 24:931-944. [PMID: 34423719 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2021.1965119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, food availability stimulates hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis while its scarcity induces stress, which further stimulates hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis producing a detrimental effect on the avian reproductive physiology. The present experiment was designed to examine the interaction of stress like food restriction and estradiol on male reproductive physiology with special emphasis on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) as these play crucial role in reproduction. To achieve this, 60 day old White Leghorn immature cockrels were taken and divided into four groups (n = 8 per group). One group was provided with food and water ad libitum. Second group was food restricted (FR) for 9 h/day after 5 days, third and fourth were administered with estradiol benzoate (EB 0.5 mg/100g/day) for 12 days. Fourth group was FR for 9 h/day after 5 days of EB treatment till last day of experiment (EB + FR). Immunofluorescent localization of ERα was principally in the pre-optic area and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus and in anterior pituitary gland. ERα expression was highly reduced (from 40 AU to 20 AU) after FR in testis but it increased (50 AU) after EB administration, EB + FR reflects a diminishing pattern in the increment after EB. FR decreased plasma estradiol while EB increased it. Increased plasma corticosterone, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and decreased anti-oxidant enzymes in brain and testis of all groups indicate oxidative stress in the HPG axis. The increased ERα after EB and a decrease with FR and EB + FR support their reproductive function. Estrogen and its receptor alpha are responsible for maintaining epithelial morphology but FR along with EB administration modulates the testicular development by significantly decreasing its size (p<.0001) and seminiferous tubules (p<.0001) and no sperm formation via highly reduced expression of ir-ERα in HPG axis. Our findings led us to conclude that stress like FR and estradiol induces testicular regression immature male chickens by modulating ir-ERα expression in the HPG axis thereby resulting in reduction in reproductive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Baghel
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Avian Reproductive Physiology & Endocrinology Laboratory, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - Rashmi Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Avian Reproductive Physiology & Endocrinology Laboratory, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
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Rosati L, Falvo S, Chieffi Baccari G, Santillo A, Di Fiore MM. The Aromatase-Estrogen System in the Testes of Non-Mammalian Vertebrates. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1763. [PMID: 34204693 PMCID: PMC8231642 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens are important physiological regulators of testicular activity in vertebrates. Estrogen levels depend on the activity of P450 aromatase, the enzyme responsible for the irreversible conversion of testosterone into 17β-estradiol. Therefore, P450 aromatase is the key player in the aromatase-estrogen system. The present review offers a comparative overview of P450 aromatase activity in male gonads of amphibians, reptiles, and birds, with a particular emphasis on the functions of the aromatase-estrogen system in these organisms during their developmental and adult stages. The aromatase-estrogen system appears to be crucial for the sex differentiation of gonads in vertebrates. Administration of aromatase inhibitors prior to sexual differentiation of gonads results in the development of males rather than females. In adults, both aromatase and estrogen receptors are expressed in somatic cells, Leydig and Sertoli cells, as well as germ cells, with certain differences among different species. In seasonal breeding species, the aromatase-estrogen system serves as an "on/off" switch for spermatogenesis. In some amphibian and reptilian species, increased estrogen levels in post-reproductive testes are responsible for blocking spermatogenesis, whereas, in some species of birds, estrogens function synergistically with testosterone to promote spermatogenesis. Recent evidence indicates that the production of the aromatase enzyme in excessive amounts reduces the reproductive performance in avian species of commercial interest. The use of aromatase inhibitors to improve fertility has yielded suitable positive results. Therefore, it appears that the role of the aromatase-estrogen system in regulating the testicular activity differs not only among the different classes of vertebrates but also among different species within the same class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Rosati
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80100 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Sara Falvo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Gabriella Chieffi Baccari
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandra Santillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Maria Maddalena Di Fiore
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.S.)
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9
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Ajayi AF, Akhigbe RE. In vivo exposure to codeine induces reproductive toxicity: role of HER2 and p53/Bcl-2 signaling pathway. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05589. [PMID: 33294712 PMCID: PMC7695972 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have implicated codeine use in the aetiopathogenesis of male infertility. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of HER2, Ki67, oestrogen and p53/Bcl-2 signaling pathways and the possible outcome of codeine cessation on codeine-induced reproductive toxicity. Thirty adult male Wistar rats of comparable ages and weights were randomly allocated into 5 groups. The control animals received distilled water per os (p.o), while animals in the low-dose (LDC) and high dose (HDC) codeine-treated groups received 2 and 5 mg/kg/day of codeine respectively p.o for 6 weeks. The animals in the low-dose codeine recovery (LDC-R) and high-dose codeine recovery (HDC-R) groups received treatment as LDC and HDC respectively followed by another drug-free six weeks, recovery period. Cessation of codeine exposure led to a partial reversal of codeine-induced poor sperm quality, reduced litter size and weight, increased oxidative testicular injury, testicular apoptosis, and testicular DNA damage caused by codeine administration. Codeine-induced gonado-spermotoxicity was associated with a reduction of circulatory testosterone, suppression of testicular HER2, Ki67, and Bcl-2 expression, down-regulation of oestrogen signaling, and upregulation of testicular caspase 3 activities and p53 signaling pathway. Conclusion: Upregulation of oestrogen signaling associated with enhanced testicular HER2 and Ki67 expression during the recovery period is seemingly beneficial in protecting against codeine-related testicular injury and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Ajayi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - R E Akhigbe
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo, Nigeria.,Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun, Nigeria.,Department of Chemical Sciences, Kings University, Odeomu, Osun, Nigeria
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10
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Rouhimoghadam M, Lu AS, Salem AK, Filardo EJ. Therapeutic Perspectives on the Modulation of G-Protein Coupled Estrogen Receptor, GPER, Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:591217. [PMID: 33329395 PMCID: PMC7719807 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.591217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens exert their physiological and pathophysiological effects via cellular receptors, named ERα, ERβ, and G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). Estrogen-regulated physiology is tightly controlled by factors that regulate estrogen bioavailability and receptor sensitivity, while disruption of these control mechanisms can result in loss of reproductive function, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease, obesity, insulin resistance, endometriosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Restoration of estrogen physiology by modulating estrogen bioavailability or receptor activity is an effective approach for treating these pathological conditions. Therapeutic interventions that block estrogen action are employed effectively for the treatment of breast and prostate cancer as well as for precocious puberty and anovulatory infertility. Theoretically, treatments that block estrogen biosynthesis should prevent estrogen action at ERs and GPER, although drug resistance and ligand-independent receptor activation may still occur. In addition, blockade of estrogen biosynthesis does not prevent activation of estrogen receptors by naturally occurring or man-made exogenous estrogens. A more complicated scenario is provided by anti-estrogen drugs that antagonize ERs since these drugs function as GPER agonists. Based upon its association with metabolic dysregulation and advanced cancer, GPER represents a therapeutic target with promise for the treatment of several critical health concerns facing Western society. Selective ligands that specifically target GPER have been developed and may soon serve as pharmacological agents for treating human disease. Here, we review current forms of estrogen therapy and the implications that GPER holds for these therapies. We also discuss existing GPER targeted drugs, additional approaches towards developing GPER-targeted therapies and how these therapies may complement existing modalities of estrogen-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Rouhimoghadam
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Anh S. Lu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Aliasger K. Salem
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Edward J. Filardo
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Baghel K, Niranjan MK, Srivastava R. Water and Food restriction decreases immunoreactivity of oestrogen receptor alpha and antioxidant activity in testes of sexually mature Coturnix coturnix japonica. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1738-1747. [PMID: 32483881 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Food and water are closely associated with reproductive willingness in vertebrates. These are important for animals and their non-availability act as stressors which decrease sex steroid secretion suppressing reproductive behaviour. Oestrogen plays a crucial role in reproduction via its receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ). This study tested the hypothesis that ERα in testes of male Japanese quail is regulated during water and food deprivations. The present study reveals that both water and food deprivations cause oxidative stress and subsequently decrease catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, while these increase malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. Both deprivations reduce plasma oestradiol whereas elevate corticosterone level. The immunofluorescent localization of ERα in the testes occurs predominantly in the seminiferous tubules of control while reduces after both food and water deprivations. All types of spermatogenic cells were seen in control testis, while after water and food deprivations size of seminiferous tubules and spermatogenic cells population decreased. Scanning electron microscopic study exhibited fully mature sperms in clusters with head and elongated flagellum, whereas after water deprivation maximum sperms were distorted, scattered with highly reduced head. On food deprivation, only few sperms were seen with head and tail. Thus, taking into account the localization of ERα in testis, it is obvious that oestrogens produced locally are involved in regulation of spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Baghel
- Avian Reproductive Physiology and Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
| | - Mukesh K Niranjan
- Avian Reproductive Physiology and Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
| | - Rashmi Srivastava
- Avian Reproductive Physiology and Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
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12
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Duzhong Butiansu Prescription Improves Heat Stress-Induced Spermatogenic Dysfunction by Regulating Sperm Formation and Heat Stress Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6723204. [PMID: 32184896 PMCID: PMC7063193 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6723204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Duzhong Butiansu (DZBTS) prescription contains many traditional Chinese medicines and has been shown to have a curative effect on male fertility. However, the efficacy and mechanism of DZBTS in the treatment of male infertility induced by heat stress have not been reported. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the effect and mechanism of DZBTS on spermatogenic function of a heat stress model in rats. Methods Male Wistar rats (280–320 g) were given different doses of DZBTS (0.4853 g/kg/d or 0.9707 g/kg/d), Shengjing capsule (0.56 g/kg/d), or double distilled water for 15 days. A 43°C hot water bath for 30 minutes was used to stimulate the testis of rats. Sperm count, sperm motility, the organ index of kidney and gonadal organs, serum sex hormone levels, and serum oxidising reaction index were measured. Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the morphology of the testis and kidney. The expression of Hsp70 in testes was observed by immunofluorescence. The changes in heat stress, reproductive-related protein, and mRNA were measured by western blot assay and RT-qPCR. Results Heat stress downregulated the levels of sex hormone (P < 0.05 or P < 0.05 or P < 0.05 or P < 0.05 or P < 0.05 or P < 0.05 or P < 0.05 or Conclusions Our results for the first time have found that DZBTS can improve spermatogenesis disorder in a heat stress model in rats, which may be mainly by regulating AR, sperm regulatory protein CREB1, and the HSF/Hsp70 signaling pathway to decrease oxidative stress.
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Guercio G, Saraco N, Costanzo M, Marino R, Ramirez P, Berensztein E, Rivarola MA, Belgorosky A. Estrogens in Human Male Gonadotropin Secretion and Testicular Physiology From Infancy to Late Puberty. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:72. [PMID: 32158430 PMCID: PMC7051936 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports in humans as well as transgenic mouse models have shown that estrogens play an important role in male reproduction and fertility. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) are expressed in different male tissues including the brain. The estradiol-binding protein GPER1 also mediates estrogen action in target tissues. In human testes a minimal ERα expression during prepuberty along with a marked pubertal up-regulation in germ cells has been reported. ERβ expression was detected mostly in spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and immature spermatids. In Sertoli cells ERβ expression increases with age. The aromatase enzyme (cP450arom), which converts androgens to estrogens, is widely expressed in human tissues (including gonads and hypothalamus), even during fetal life, suggesting that estrogens are also involved in human fetal physiology. Moreover, cP450arom is expressed in the early postnatal testicular Leydig cells and spermatogonia. Even though the aromatase complex is required for estrogen synthesis, its biological relevance is also related to the regulation of the balance between androgens and estrogens in different tissues. Knockout mouse models of aromatase (ArKO) and estrogen receptors (ERKOα, ERKOβ, and ERKOαβ) provide an important tool to study the effects of estrogens on the male reproductive physiology including the gonadal axis. High basal serum FSH levels were reported in adult aromatase-deficient men, suggesting that estrogens are involved in the negative regulatory gonadotropin feedback. However, normal serum gonadotropin levels were observed in an aromatase-deficient boy, suggesting a maturational pattern role of estrogen in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion. Nevertheless, the role of estrogens in primate testis development and function is controversial and poorly understood. This review addresses the role of estrogens in gonadotropin secretion and testicular physiology in male humans especially during childhood and puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Guercio
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital de Pediatría “Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Research Institute Garrahan-CONICET, Hospital de Pediatría “Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora Saraco
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital de Pediatría “Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Research Institute Garrahan-CONICET, Hospital de Pediatría “Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Costanzo
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital de Pediatría “Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roxana Marino
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital de Pediatría “Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Ramirez
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital de Pediatría “Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esperanza Berensztein
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital de Pediatría “Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Medicina, Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marco A. Rivarola
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital de Pediatría “Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Research Institute Garrahan-CONICET, Hospital de Pediatría “Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Belgorosky
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital de Pediatría “Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Research Institute Garrahan-CONICET, Hospital de Pediatría “Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Alicia Belgorosky
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Skibinska I, Andrusiewicz M, Soin M, Jendraszak M, Urbaniak P, Jedrzejczak P, Kotwicka M. Increased expression of PELP1 in human sperm is correlated with decreased semen quality. Asian J Androl 2019; 20:425-431. [PMID: 29676290 PMCID: PMC6116689 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_11_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) is a scaffolding protein involved in both genomic and nongenomic estrogen signal transduction pathways. To date, the role of PELP1 protein has yet to be characterized in human sperm and has not been associated with sperm parameters. To confirm the presence of PELP1 in human sperm, fresh semen samples were obtained from 178 donors. The study was designed to establish both mRNA and protein presence, and protein cellular localization. Additionally, the number of PELP1-positive spermatozoa was analyzed in men with normal and abnormal semen parameters. Sperm parameters were assessed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2010 standards. The presence of PELP1 in spermatozoa was investigated using four precise, independent techniques. The qualitative presence of transcripts and protein was assessed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot protocols, respectively. The cellular localization of PELP1 was investigated by immunocytochemistry. Quantitative analysis of PELP1-positive cells was done by flow cytometry. PELP1 mRNA and protein was confirmed in spermatozoa. Immunocytochemical analysis identified the presence of PELP1 in the midpieces of human sperm irrespective of sperm parameters. Becton Dickinson fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACSCalibur™) analysis revealed a significantly lower number of PELP1-positive cells in males with normal semen parameters versus abnormal samples (42.78% ± 11.77% vs 61.05% ± 21.70%, respectively; P = 0.014). The assessment of PELP1 may be a time-saving method used to obtain information about sperm quality. The results of our study suggest that PEPL1 may be utilized as an indicator of sperm quality; thereby, PELP1 may be an additional biomarker useful in the evaluation of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Skibinska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, Poznan 60-806, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Andrusiewicz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, Poznan 60-806, Poland
| | - Michal Soin
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, Poznan 60-806, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jendraszak
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, Poznan 60-806, Poland
| | - Paulina Urbaniak
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, Poznan 60-806, Poland
| | - Piotr Jedrzejczak
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine I, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, Poznan 60-535, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kotwicka
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, Poznan 60-806, Poland
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Chen X, Zhu Q, Li X, Huang T, Wang S, Wang Y, Chen X, Lin Z, Ge RS. Pubertal exposure to tebuconazole increases testosterone production via inhibiting testicular aromatase activity in rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 230:519-526. [PMID: 31125880 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tebuconazole is a triazole compound used agriculturally to treat plant pathogenic fungi. However, whether pubertal exposure to tebuconazole affects Leydig cell development remains unknown. Here, we exposed male Sprague-Dawley rats at 35 days of age to 0, 25, 50, or 100 mg kg-1 day-1 tebuconazole for 21 days. Tebuconazole exposure increased serum testosterone level but lowered estradiol level at a dose of 100 mg kg-1, without affecting serum luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations. Tebuconazole up-regulated the expression of testicular Cyp11a1, Hsd11b1, and Fshr genes as well as their proteins at a dose of 100 mg kg-1. However, tebuconazole did not stimulate the proliferation of Leydig cells. Tebuconazole in vitro inhibits aromatase activity in primary rat Leydig cells with IC50 value of 40 μmol/L. In conclusion, tebuconazole exposure stimulates pubertal Leydig cell differentiation via inhibiting aromatase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Qiqi Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Tongliang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Songxue Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xianwu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Zhenkun Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
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Arabacı Tamer S, Yıldırım A, Arabacı Ş, Çiftçi S, Akın S, Sarı E, Köroğlu MK, Ercan F, Yüksel M, Çevik Ö, Yeğen BÇ. Treatment with estrogen receptor agonist ERβ improves torsion-induced oxidative testis injury in rats. Life Sci 2019; 222:203-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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17
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Kangawa A, Otake M, Enya S, Yoshida T, Shibata M. Histological Changes of the Testicular Interstitium during Postnatal Development in Microminipigs. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 47:469-482. [PMID: 30739565 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319827477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microminipigs have become an attractive animal model for the toxicology- and pharmacology-related studies because of their manageable size. In this study, the development of the testicular interstitium and steroidogenesis in microminipigs, from 0 to 12 months of age, were investigated. Testicular interstitium was mostly composed of two types of Leydig cells (large and small Leydig cells) and a few macrophages and mast cells. Large Leydig cells were observed in the peritubular area throughout all the ages. Small Leydig cells were present in the interlobular and subcapsular areas at an early age and then gradually converted into large Leydig cells. Testicular composition of the Leydig cells began to increase after 3 months of age, when spermatogenesis was completed, and reached approximately 35% at 12 months. Steroidogenic enzymes in Leydig cells were detected by immunohistochemistry from 0 month of age. Serum testosterone levels increased substantially from 1.5 to 4.5 months of age, which coincided well with the age of sexual development previously reported in microminipigs. Because the interstitial space of the testis has dramatic variations between species, the basic information obtained in the present study will be a useful reference for all the future toxicity evaluations in microminipigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Kangawa
- 1 Swine and Poultry Department, Swine and Poultry Research Center, Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Animal Industry, Kikugawa, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Otake
- 1 Swine and Poultry Department, Swine and Poultry Research Center, Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Animal Industry, Kikugawa, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satoko Enya
- 1 Swine and Poultry Department, Swine and Poultry Research Center, Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Animal Industry, Kikugawa, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- 2 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Shibata
- 1 Swine and Poultry Department, Swine and Poultry Research Center, Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Animal Industry, Kikugawa, Shizuoka, Japan
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Verderame M, Scudiero R. A comparative review on estrogen receptors in the reproductive male tract of non mammalian vertebrates. Steroids 2018; 134:1-8. [PMID: 29627338 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) are transcription factors known to be involved in the regulation of many complex physiological processes in mammals. They are expressed primarily in the reproductive tract of all vertebrates females, thus indicating important and conserved functions in female reproductive success. ERs are also present in physiological different tissues as bone, brain, liver, skin and adipose tissues, in both females and males. In the latter, ERs have been found also in the genital tract, supporting the findings of a complex role for estrogen in spermatogenesis and, more generally, in male reproduction. This review provides an overview and update on ERα and ERβ expression and synthesis in male reproductive tract of non-mammalian vertebrates, with focus on their role in germ cells proliferation, maturation and survival. Data from studies on fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds were collated and common or species-specific distribution highlighted. The widespread distribution of estrogen receptors in testicular cells and ducts of all vertebrates so far investigated suggests that whatever are the roles that estrogens may exert on these structures, they are phylogenetically conserved and are possibly related to the physiological support given to achieve male reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariailaria Verderame
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Scudiero
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Napoli, Italy
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The Role of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in Skeletal Muscle. DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE 2018; 108:205-221. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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An ES, Park DS, Ban YH, Choi J, Seo DW, Lee YB, Shon MY, Choi EK, Kim YB. Effects of a soybean milk product on feto-neonatal development in rats. J Biomed Res 2017; 32:51. [PMID: 29219853 PMCID: PMC5956258 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.31.20170067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Since estrogenic pollutants and phytoestrogens can cause the disorder of the reproductive system, the effects of a soybean milk product (Vegemil® containing 162 ppm isoflavones) on the feto-neonatal development, including male reproductive function, were investigated. Pregnant rats were fed the soybean milk (5% or 100% in drinking water) from gestational day (GD) 6 to parturition or to post-natal day (PND) 56. Specifically, the rats were divided into 4 groups: the control group (drinking water), the GD5% group (5% soybean milk during only the GD period), the GD-PND5% group (5% soybean milk during the GD and PND periods), and the GD-PND100% group (100% soybean milk instead of water during the GD and PND periods). During the gestational, lactational, and developmental periods, the reproductive and developmental parameters of dams and offspring were observed. Feeding soybean milk did not affect the birth and physical development of both male and female offspring. At PND57, the weights of the testes and epididymides of F1 males significantly increased by feeding a high concentration of the soybean milk (GD-PND100%). In addition, feeding of the soybean milk during both the GD and PND periods (GD-PND5% and GD-PND100%) enhanced the sperm counts and motility. The results indicate that soybean milk is safe for embryos, fetuses, and offspring, and improves the post-generational development of male reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Suk An
- . College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sun Park
- . College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwan Ban
- . College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Choi
- . College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Woom Seo
- . College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Bok Lee
- . Central Research Institute, Dr. Chung's Food Co. Ltd., Cheongju 28446, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Yae Shon
- . International Ginseng and Herb Research Institute, Geumsan 312804, Republic of Korea
| | - Ehn-Kyoung Choi
- . College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Bae Kim
- . College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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Menad R, Smaï S, Bonnet X, Gernigon-Spychalowicz T, Moudilou E, Khammar F, Exbrayat JM. Seasonal variations of aromatase and estrogen receptors expression in the testis of free-ranging sand rats. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:382-391. [PMID: 28427772 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies revealed the importance of estrogen in male reproduction. However, most research was conducted in laboratory rodents subjected to standardized environmental conditions. Therefore, seasonal regulations of estrogen pathways remain poorly understood under natural conditions. Using immunohistochemistry, the expression of several molecules involved in the functioning of testis (i.e. 17-β estradiol [E2], P450 aromatase, estrogen receptors ESR1, ESR2, and GPER1 [also known as GPR30]) were investigated in free-ranging fat sand rats, Psammomys obesus, during the breeding and resting seasons. Leydig cells showed a strong immunoreactivity for aromatase in the testis sampled during the breeding season only; however, E2, ESR1, ESR2 and GPER1 were present during both seasons. Sertoli cells showed a positive signal for E2 and ESR2 during the breeding season; though, all molecules, except GPER1, were present during the resting season. Spermatogonia were reactive for E2, ESR2 and GPER1 during the breeding season and for ESR1 and GPER1 during the resting season. During both seasons, spermatocytes-I presented a moderate reactivity for E2, ESR1, ESR2 and a strong reactivity for GPER1; aromatase was detected during the resting season only. Spermatids and spermatozoa were present exclusively during breeding season and were reactive for all molecules; except round spermatids that were negative for aromatase. The functioning of the testis depends on finely tuned stimulation and inhibition systems. Our results suggest that differential expression of aromatase, ESR1, ESR2, and GPER1 across cells types is involved in the seasonal activation/inactivation cycle of spermatogenesis in a free-ranging species.
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Effects of Short-Term Treatment with Estrogen Receptor Agonist on Morphological Changes in Reproductive Organs of Adult Male Mice. Appl Microsc 2016. [DOI: 10.9729/am.2016.46.4.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Li X, Li H, Jia L, Li X, Rahman N. Oestrogen action and male fertility: experimental and clinical findings. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3915-30. [PMID: 26160724 PMCID: PMC11113595 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A proper balance between androgen and oestrogen is fundamental for normal male reproductive development and function in both animals and humans. This balance is governed by the cytochrome P450 aromatase, which is expressed also under spatio-temporal control. Oestrogen receptors ERα and/or ERβ, together with the membrane-associated G-protein-coupled functional ER (GPER), mediate the effects of oestrogen in the testis. Oestrogen action in male reproduction is more complex than previously predicted. The androgen/oestrogen balance and its regulation in the masculinisation programming window (MPW) during foetal life is the most critical period for the development of the male reproductive system. If this balance is impaired during the MPW, the male reproductive system may be negatively affected. Recent data from genetically modified mice and human infertile patients have shown that oestrogens may promote the engulfment of live Leydig cells by macrophages leading to male infertility. We also discuss recent data on environmental oestrogen exposure in men and rodents, where a rodent-human distinction is crucial and analyse some aspects of male fertility potentially related to impaired oestrogen/androgen balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Haiwen Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Lina Jia
- State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiru Li
- Department of General Surgery, The 301th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Nafis Rahman
- Department of Physiology, Institute F Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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24
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Ortiz-Carrera L, Valdez R, Mondragón J, Gariglio P, Zarco L, Valencia J, Romano M. Estrogen synthesis and secretion during postnatal testicular development in male goats: In situ aromatase mRNA expression. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Beguelini MR, Falleiros LR, Góes RM, Rahal P, Morielle-Versute E, Taboga SR. Differential expression of aromatase, estrogen receptor alpha and 17β-HSD associated with the processes of total testicular regression and recrudescence in the bat Myotis nigricans (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 201:53-64. [PMID: 24726986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the worldwide distribution and many unique reproductive adaptations that bats present, many aspects of their reproductive hormonal regulation have not been adequately studied, especially in species that presented patterns of total testicular regression. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the testicular expression of 17β-HSD type 1, aromatase and ERα in the bat Myotis nigricans, during the four periods of its reproductive cycle. Immunoreactivity for ERα was detected only in the cytoplasm of elongated spermatids and in the nuclei of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells. Expression of aromatase was observed in round and elongated spermatids and in Sertoli and Leydig cells. Immunoreactivity for 17β-HSD was restricted to the cytoplasm of Leydig cells. The three expression patterns varied significantly during the four periods of the reproductive cycle. Expression of ERα and aromatase in spermatids was continuous, while expression of ERα in spermatogonia occurred only in initial types (Ap). Expression of ERα and aromatase in Sertoli cells varied, with expression only in periods of spermatogenetic activities; and the same variation was observed for the expression of aromatase and 17β-HSD in Leydig cells. We, therefore, propose that the processes of total testicular regression and posterior recrudescence suffered by M. nigricans from September to January in the northwest of the São Paulo State of Brazil, are directly regulated by testosterone and estrogen. This occurs via the production of testosterone by 17β-HSD, its conversion into estrogen by aromatase, and activation/deactivation of Sertoli cells' AR and spermatogonia's ERα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus R Beguelini
- Department of Biology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Luiz R Falleiros
- Department of Biology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Department of Biology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Paula Rahal
- Department of Biology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Eliana Morielle-Versute
- Department of Zoology and Botany, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Biology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15054-000, Brazil.
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Menad R, Smaï S, Moudilou E, Khammar F, Exbrayat JM, Gernigon-Spychalowicz T. Immunolocalization of estrogen and androgen receptors in the caput epididymidis of the fat sand rat (Psammomys obesus): Effects of seasonal variations, castration and efferent duct ligation. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:559-69. [PMID: 24360974 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The fat sand rat (Psammomys obesus) is a model to study seasonal reproductive cycle changes and several metabolic disorders. In order to show a possible involvement of estrogens in the male reproductive functions, the expression of estrogen receptors (ESR1 and ESR2) and androgen receptor (AR) were investigated in the caput epididymidis of fat sand rats during the breeding season, resting season, after castration, after castration followed by testosterone treatment, and after ligation of efferent ducts. In the breeding season, principal cells presented a strong immunostaining of AR in both nuclei and cytoplasm, a strong staining of ESR1, mainly in the apical zone, and a strong immunoexpression of ESR2, mainly in nuclei. In the resting season, a moderate immunostaining of AR in both cytoplasm and nuclei was observed. ESR1 staining showed a strong immunoreactivity in the nuclei. In contrast, the nuclei were negative for ESR2. After castration, a low and selective signal distribution was observed: the nuclei were moderately positive for AR and ESR2, and negative for ESR1. After castration and testosterone treatment, an androgen-dependence for AR and the restoration of ESR1 but not ESR2 immunoexpression were observed. After ligation of the efferent ducts, a considerable reduction of AR immunoreactivity was observed in contrast to ESR1 and ESR2, which gave a strong immunostaining signal. These results illustrate the complexity of the regulation of the androgen and estrogen receptor expression in the epididymis and argue for the coexistence of both androgenic and estrogenic pathways.
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27
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Okuyama MW, Shimozuru M, Yanagawa Y, Tsubota T. Changes in the immunolocalization of steroidogenic enzymes and the androgen receptor in raccoon (Procyon lotor) testes in association with the seasons and spermatogenesis. J Reprod Dev 2014; 60:155-61. [PMID: 24531656 PMCID: PMC3999395 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2013-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The raccoon is a seasonal breeder with a mating season in the winter. In a previous
study, adult male raccoons exhibited active spermatogenesis with high plasma testosterone
concentrations, in the winter mating season. Maintenance of spermatogenesis generally
requires high testosterone, which is produced by steroidogenic enzymes. However, even in
the summer non-mating season, some males produce spermatozoa actively despite low plasma
testosterone concentrations. To identify the factors that regulate testosterone production
and contribute to differences in spermatogenetic activity in the summer non-mating season,
morphological, histological and endocrinological changes in the testes of wild male
raccoons should be known. In this study, to assess changes in the biosynthesis, metabolism
and reactivity of testosterone, the localization and immunohistochemical staining
intensity of four steroidogenic enzymes (P450scc, P450c17, 3βHSD, P450arom) and the
androgen receptor (AR) were investigated using immunohistochemical methods. P450scc and
P450c17 were detected in testicular tissue throughout the year. Seasonal changes in
testosterone concentration were correlated with 3βHSD expression, suggesting that 3βHSD
may be important in regulating the seasonality of testosterone production in raccoon
testes. Immunostaining of P450arom and AR was detected in testicular tissues that
exhibited active spermatogenesis in the summer, while staining was scarce in
aspermatogenic testes. This suggests that spermatogenesis in the raccoon testis might be
maintained by some mechanism that regulates P450arom expression in synthesizing estradiol
and AR expression in controlling reactivity to testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minami W Okuyama
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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Essa A, Fathy S. Sex hormonal disruption by cyanobacterial bioactive compounds. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 116:700-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.M.M. Essa
- Biology Department; Faculty of Science; Jazan University; Jazan Saudi Arabia
- Botany Department; Faculty of Science; Fayoum University; Fayoum Egypt
| | - S.M. Fathy
- Zoology Department; Faculty of Science; Fayoum University; Fayoum Egypt
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Effects of Alternate Treatment of Estrogen Receptor Antagonist and Agonist on Morphology of Male Reproductive Organs of Adult Mice. Appl Microsc 2013. [DOI: 10.9729/am.2013.43.3.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Lee HW, Verlander JW, Handlogten ME, Han KH, Cooke PS, Weiner ID. Expression of the rhesus glycoproteins, ammonia transporter family members, RHCG and RHBG in male reproductive organs. Reproduction 2013; 146:283-96. [PMID: 23904565 DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The rhesus glycoproteins, Rh B glycoprotein (RHBG) and Rh C glycoprotein (RHCG), are recently identified ammonia transporters. Rhcg expression is necessary for normal male fertility, but its specific cellular expression is unknown, and Rhbg has not been reported to be expressed in the male reproductive tract. This study sought to determine the specific cellular expression of Rhcg, to determine whether Rhbg is expressed in the male reproductive tract, and, if so, to determine which cells express Rhbg using real-time RT-PCR, immunoblot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Both Rhbg and Rhcg were expressed throughout the male reproductive tract. In the testis, high levels of Rhbg were expressed in Leydig cells, and Rhcg was expressed in spermatids during the later stages of their maturation (steps 13-16) in stages I-VIII of the seminiferous epithelium cycle. In the epididymis, basolateral Rhbg was present in narrow cells in the initial segment, in principal cells in the upper corpus, and in clear cells throughout the epididymis. Apical Rhcg immunolabel was present in principal cells in the caput and upper corpus epididymidis and in clear cells in the middle and lower corpus and cauda epididymidis. In the vas deferens, apical Rhcg immunolabel and basolateral Rhbg immunolabel were present in some principal cells and colocalized with H(+)-ATPase immunolabel. We conclude that both Rhbg and Rhcg are highly expressed in specific cells in the male reproductive tract where they can contribute to multiple components of male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Wook Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, P.O. Box 100224, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
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Osadchuk LV, Tupikin AE, Morozov IV, Kleshev MA, Bondar AA, Osadchuk AV. Phenotypic variation of spermatogenesis and a search for associations with genetic polymorphism in 13 inbred mouse strains. RUSS J GENET+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795412070101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sychrová E, Štěpánková T, Nováková K, Bláha L, Giesy JP, Hilscherová K. Estrogenic activity in extracts and exudates of cyanobacteria and green algae. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2012; 39:134-140. [PMID: 22208753 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Here is presented some of the first information on interactions of compounds produced by cyanobacteria and green algae with estrogen receptor signaling. Estrogenic potency of aqueous extracts and exudates (culture spent media with extracellular products) of seven species of cyanobacteria (10 different laboratory strains) and two algal species were assessed by use of in vitro trans-activation assays. Compounds produced by cyanobacteria and algae, and in particular those excreted from the cells, were estrogenic. Most exudates were estrogenic with potencies expressed at 50% of the maximum response under control of the estrogen receptor ranging from 0.2 to 7.2 ng 17β-estradiol (E(2)) equivalents (EEQ)/L. The greatest estrogenic potency was observed for exudates of Microcystis aerigunosa, a common species that forms water blooms. Aqueous extracts of both green algae, but only one species of cyanobacteria (Aphanizomenon gracile) elicited significant estrogenicity with EEQ ranging from 15 to 280 ng 17β-estradiol (E(2))/g dry weight. Scenedesmus quadricauda exudates and extracts of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae were antagonistic to the ER when coexposed to E(2). The EEQ potency was not correlated with concentrations of cyanotoxins, such as microcystin and cylindrospermopsin, which suggests that the EEQ was comprised of other compounds. The study demonstrates some differences between the estrogenic potency of aqueous extracts prepared from the same species, but of different origin, while the effects of exudates were comparable within species. The observed estrogenic potencies are important namely in relation to the possible mass expansion of cyanobacteria and release of the active compounds into surrounding water.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sychrová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 126/3, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Abstract
Aromatase is expressed in multiple tissues, indicating a crucial role for locally produced oestrogens in the differentiation, regulation and normal function of several organs and processes. This review is an overview of the role of aromatase in different tissues under normal physiological conditions and its contribution to the development of some oestrogen-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Stocco
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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Almeida J, Conley AJ, Mathewson L, Ball BA. Expression of steroidogenic enzymes during equine testicular development. Reproduction 2011; 141:841-8. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-10-0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the mammalian testis, Leydig cells are primarily responsible for steroidogenesis. In adult stallions, the major endocrine products of Leydig cells include testosterone and estrogens. 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4-isomerase (3βHSD) and 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (P450c17) are two key steroidogenic enzymes that regulate testosterone synthesis. Androgens produced by P450c17 serve as substrate for estrogen synthesis. The aim of this study was to investigate localization of the steroidogenic enzymes P450c17, 3βHSD, and P450arom and to determine changes in expression during development in the prepubertal, postpubertal, and adult equine testis based upon immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time quantitative PCR. Based on IHC, 3βHSD immunolabeling was observed within seminiferous tubules of prepubertal testes and decreased after puberty. On the other hand, immunolabeling of 3βHSD was very weak or absent in immature Leydig cells of prepubertal testes and increased after puberty. HSD3B1 (3βHSD gene) mRNA expression was higher in adult testes compared with prepubertal (P=0.0001) and postpubertal testes (P=0.0041). P450c17 immunolabeling was observed in small clusters of immature Leydig cells in prepubertal testes and increased after puberty. CYP17 (P450c17 gene) mRNA expression was higher in adult testes compared with prepubertal (P=0.030) and postpubertal testes (P=0.0318). A weak P450arom immunolabel was observed in immature Leydig cells of prepubertal testes and increased after puberty. Similarly, CYP19 (P450arom gene) mRNA expression was higher in adult testes compared with prepubertal (P=0.0001) and postpubertal (P=0.0001) testes. In conclusion, Leydig cells are the primary cell type responsible for androgen and estrogen production in the equine testis.
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Nantia EA, Travert C, Manfo FPT, Carreau S, Monsees TK, Moundipa PF. Effects of the methanol extract of Basella alba L (Basellaceae) on steroid production in Leydig cells. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:376-84. [PMID: 21339992 PMCID: PMC3039958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12010376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Leydig cells were purified from 70 day-old Sprague Dawley male rats and incubated with 10 and 100 μg/mL of methanol extract of Basella alba (MEBa) for 4 hours followed by the evaluation of cell viability, steroid (testosterone and estradiol) production, and the level of aromatase mRNA. Results showed that MEBa did not affect Leydig cell viability. At the concentration of 10 μg/mL, MEBa significantly stimulated testosterone and estradiol production (p < 0.01 and p < 0.03, respectively), and enhanced aromatase mRNA level (p < 0.04). These observations suggest that MEBa directly stimulated testosterone, estradiol and aromatase mRNA levels in isolated Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Akono Nantia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé I, PO. Box 812 Yaounde, Cameroon; E-Mails: (E.A.N.); (F.-P.T.M.)
| | - Carine Travert
- Biochemistry Laboratory-EA 2608-USC INRA 2006, IBFA, University of Caen, 14032, Caen, France; E-Mails: (C.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Faustin-Pascal T. Manfo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé I, PO. Box 812 Yaounde, Cameroon; E-Mails: (E.A.N.); (F.-P.T.M.)
| | - Serge Carreau
- Biochemistry Laboratory-EA 2608-USC INRA 2006, IBFA, University of Caen, 14032, Caen, France; E-Mails: (C.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Thomas K. Monsees
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, South Africa; E-Mail:
| | - Paul Fewou Moundipa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé I, PO. Box 812 Yaounde, Cameroon; E-Mails: (E.A.N.); (F.-P.T.M.)
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Alteration of ERβ gene RsaI polymorphism may contribute to reduced fertilization rate and embryonic developmental competence. Asian J Androl 2010; 13:317-21. [PMID: 21132001 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2010.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to determine the possible role of estrogen receptor-β (ERβ) gene RsaI polymorphism on sperm fertility and early embryonic development in humans. Three groups of Chinese men were recruited: in vitro fertilization (IVF) group, including 374 couples who underwent conventional IVF; intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) group, including 294 couples who underwent an ICSI procedure using ejaculated sperm; and azoospermic group, consisting of 197 couples who underwent ICSI using either testis or epididymis sperm. RsaI polymorphism in the ERβ gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique; fertilization and high-quality embryo rates were evaluated for each group. In each group, no significant differences were found in the overall rates of fertilization and high-quality embryos among GG, AG and AA genotypes. However, the proportion of cycles possessing a satisfactory high-quality embryo rate with the AA genotype was significantly lower than that in the wild-type GG genotype from each group. These results demonstrated that sperm possessing the ERβ RsaI A genotype may have reduced fertilization ability and decreased early embryonic developmental potential, which could directly or indirectly contribute to the low fertilization rate and early embryonic developmental arrest in some cases.
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Abstract
The role of oestrogens in male reproductive tract physiology has for a long time been a subject of debate. The testis produces significant amounts of oestrogenic hormones, via aromatase, and oestrogen receptors (ERs)alpha (ESR1) and ERbeta (ESR2) are selectively expressed in cells of the testis as well as the epididymal epithelium, depending upon species. This review summarizes the current knowledge concerning the presence and activity of aromatase and ERs in testis and sperm and the potential roles that oestrogens may have in mammalian spermatogenesis. Data show that physiology of the male gonad is in part under the control of a balance of androgens and oestrogens, with aromatase serving as a modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Carreau
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Caen, EA 2608, USC 2006 INRA, IFR 146, 14032 Caen, France
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Messina M. Soybean isoflavone exposure does not have feminizing effects on men: a critical examination of the clinical evidence. Fertil Steril 2010; 93:2095-104. [PMID: 20378106 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To critically evaluate the clinical evidence, and when not available, the animal data, most relevant to concerns that isoflavone exposure in the form of supplements or soy foods has feminizing effects on men. DESIGN Medline literature review and cross-reference of published data. RESULT(S) In contrast to the results of some rodent studies, findings from a recently published metaanalysis and subsequently published studies show that neither isoflavone supplements nor isoflavone-rich soy affect total or free testosterone (T) levels. Similarly, there is essentially no evidence from the nine identified clinical studies that isoflavone exposure affects circulating estrogen levels in men. Clinical evidence also indicates that isoflavones have no effect on sperm or semen parameters, although only three intervention studies were identified and none were longer than 3 months in duration. Finally, findings from animal studies suggesting that isoflavones increase the risk of erectile dysfunction are not applicable to men, because of differences in isoflavone metabolism between rodents and humans and the excessively high amount of isoflavones to which the animals were exposed. CONCLUSION(S) The intervention data indicate that isoflavones do not exert feminizing effects on men at intake levels equal to and even considerably higher than are typical for Asian males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California 92350,USA.
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Wahab NA, Mokhtar NM, Halim WNHA, Das S. The effect of eurycoma longifolia Jack on spermatogenesis in estrogen-treated rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2010; 65:93-8. [PMID: 20126351 PMCID: PMC2815289 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322010000100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is little data concerning the ability of Eurycoma longifolia Jack (EL) to reverse the inhibitory effects of estrogen on testosterone production and spermatogenesis. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of EL on testicular histology and sperm count in estrogen-treated male rats. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-250 g were divided into four groups of six rats each. Group A (control) was given solvent in the same manner as the treated groups were given EL. Group B was treated with EL (8 mg/kg body weight) orally. Group C was treated with estradiol (E(2)) (intramuscular dose of 500 microg/kg body weight), and group D received a combined treatment of oral EL and intramuscular E(2). After fourteen consecutive days of treatment, rats from all groups were sacrificed and subjected to spermatogenic and epididymal sperm cell counts. RESULTS The spermatogenic cell count in the E(2)-treated group was significantly decreased as compared to the control (p < 0.05) and EL+E(2)-treated groups (p < 0.05). A similar finding was found for the epididymal sperm count; the E(2)-treated group had a significant decrease in the count compared to the control (p < 0.05) and EL+E(2)-treated groups (p < 0.05). Rats that were treated with EL alone exhibited significantly higher sperm counts and sperm motility when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS EL extract acts as a potential agent for reversing the effects of estrogen by increasing spermatogenesis and sperm counts in rats after fourteen consecutive days of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhazlina Abdul Wahab
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan - Malaysia
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40
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Lee NPY, Wong EWP, Mruk DD, Cheng CY. Testicular cell junction: a novel target for male contraception. Curr Med Chem 2009; 16:906-15. [PMID: 19275601 DOI: 10.2174/092986709787549262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Even though various contraceptive methods are widely available, the number of unwanted pregnancies is still on the rise in developing countries, pressurizing the already resource limited nations. One of the major underlying reasons is the lack of effective, low cost, and safe contraceptives for couples. During the past decade, some studies were performed using animal models to decipher if the Sertoli-germ cell junction in the testis is a target for male fertility regulation. Some of these study models were based on the use of hormones and/or chemicals to disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis (e.g., androgen-based implants or pills) and others utilized a panel of chemical entities or synthetic peptides to perturb spermatogenesis either reversibly or non-reversibly. Among them, adjudin, a potential male contraceptive, is one of the compounds exerting its action on the unique adherens junctions, known as ectoplasmic specializations, in the testis. Since the testis is equipped with inter-connected cell junctions, an initial targeting of one junction type may affect the others and these accumulative effects could lead to spermatogenic arrest. This review attempts to cover an innovative theme on how male infertility can be achieved by inducing junction instability and defects in the testis, opening a new window of research for male contraceptive development. While it will still take much time and effort of intensive investigation before a product can reach the consumable market, these findings have provided hope for better family planning involving men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki P Y Lee
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York 10065, USA.
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trans-resveratrol relaxes the corpus cavernosum ex vivo and enhances testosterone levels and sperm quality in vivo. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31:83-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-008-1124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Song L, Wang YB, Sun H, Yuan C, Hong X, Qu JH, Zhou JW, Wang XR. Effects of fenvalerate and cypermethrin on rat sperm motility patterns in vitro as measured by computer-assisted sperm analysis. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2008; 71:325-332. [PMID: 18214806 DOI: 10.1080/15287390701738517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Fenvalerate and cypermethrin were reported to impair male reproductive function, inducing significant reductions in epididymal sperm count. Further, fenvalerate was shown to reduce sperm motility. However, it is not clear whether fenvalerate and cypermethrin might impact sperm motility directly or indirectly by affecting spermatogenesis via interaction with androgens or their receptors. In this study, sperm suspensions were treated with fenvalerate and cypermethrin, respectively, at various concentrations (0, 1, 4, 16, or 64 micromol/L) for various times (1, 2, or 4 h). The motility parameters of sperm treated with these two insecticides were analyzed with a computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. The differential effects of fenvalerate and cypermethrin on rat sperm motility patterns in vitro were also compared. Our study revealed that fenvalerate and cypermethrin reduced sperm motility in vitro in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Cypermethrin exerted a greater effect on sperm motility in comparison to fenvalerate. These results provided evidence that fenvalerate and cypermethrin directly influence mature rat sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Song
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
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