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AlSufyani AA. Correlation of serum biochemical parameters and saliva pH in healthy individuals. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103793. [PMID: 37744004 PMCID: PMC10514437 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva has the potential to work alongside needles in standard medical diagnosis. Yet the number of studies aimed at deciphering the biochemical communication between saliva and the rest of the body's systems is still very limited. The aim of this study is to investigate the interfluid interaction between saliva and serum by determining the correlation between saliva pH and serum biochemical parameters under mild conditions. Ultimately, using saliva may provide a stress-free diagnostic tool, but more ambitiously, the pH of saliva could present a genuine cost-effective screening tool that may immensely benefit areas with limited access to health care and diagnostic labs. Saliva and blood samples were collected from 43 randomly selected children (7-12 years), living in Jeddah, free from obesity and chronic or systemic body and mouth diseases. A complete serum biochemical analysis was performed, and the salivary pH of all samples was measured immediately at the time of collection. The correlations between saliva pH and serum biochemical parameters were investigated using Univariate and multiple linear regression models. Our results showed that pH has a weak significant positive correlation with total protein and a negative weak significant correlation with urea. Weak correlations suggest the existence of more serum factors to be investigated for their effect on the pH using a stepwise multiple linear regression. The multiple linear models' calculated saliva pH values were close to the measured values, demonstrating its possible capacity to predict saliva pH using serum parameters. The regression model's successful prediction of saliva pH using serum biochemicals reflects the significant correlations between the body fluids' parameters and invites more research to elucidate these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A. AlSufyani
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Carelli M, Maguolo A, Zusi C, Olivieri F, Emiliani F, De Grandi G, Unali I, Zerman N, Signoretto C, Maffeis C. Oral Microbiota in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Novel Insights into the Pathogenesis of Dental and Periodontal Disease. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030668. [PMID: 36985242 PMCID: PMC10059713 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiota can be influenced by multiple factors, but only a few studies have focused on the role of glycemic control in determining early alterations of oral microbiota and their association with pathogenesis of both periodontitis and caries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the interplay between bacteria composition, oral hygiene, and glycemic control in a cohort of children with T1D. A total of 89 T1D children were enrolled (62% males, mean age: 12.6 ± 2.2 years). Physical and clinical characteristics, glucometabolic parameters, insulin treatment, and oral hygiene habits data were collected. Microbiological analysis was performed from saliva samples. A high prevalence of cariogenic and periodontopathogens bacteria in our cohort was detected. In particular, in all subjects Actinomyces spp., Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, and Lactobacillus spp. were isolated. S. mutans was found in about half of the analyzed sample (49.4%), in particular in patients with imbalance values of glycemic control. Moreover, a higher presence of both S. mutans and Veillonella spp. was detected in subjects with poorer glycemic control, in terms of HbA1c, %TIR and %TAR, even adjusting for age, sex, and hygiene habits as covariates. Virtuous oral hygiene habits, such as frequency of toothbrush changes and professional oral hygiene, negatively correlated with the simultaneous presence of Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, red complex bacteria. Our study shows it is crucial to pay attention to glycemic control and regular oral hygiene to prevent the establishment of an oral microbiota predisposing to dental and periodontal pathology in subjects with T1D since childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carelli
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- School of Health Statistics and Biometrics, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Alice Maguolo
- Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Zusi
- Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0458127666
| | - Francesca Olivieri
- Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Emiliani
- Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Gelinda De Grandi
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Unali
- Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Zerman
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Caterina Signoretto
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Maffeis
- Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
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Davidopoulou S, Bitzeni-Nigdeli A, Archaki C, Arhakis A. Oral Health Implications and Dental Management of Diabetic Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:631-635. [PMID: 36865714 PMCID: PMC9973101 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To review the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the oral health status of children. Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most severe chronic diseases in children and adolescents. It appears as type 1 DM and type 2 DM. Children are mainly diagnosed with type 1 DM. Genetic, as well as environmental factors, contribute to disease risk, indicating a multifactorial etiology. Early symptoms may vary from polyuria to anxiety or depression disorders. Review results A variety of signs and symptoms have been reported regarding the oral health of DM children. Both dental and periodontal health is compromised. Qualitative and quantitative changes in saliva have also been reported. Moreover, there is a direct effect of type 1 DM on oral microflora and increased sensitivity to infections. A variety of protocols have been developed regarding the dental treatment of diabetic children. Conclusion Children with diabetes, due to the increased risk of periodontal disease and dental caries, are recommended to follow an intensive prevention program and a diet with strict instructions. Clinical significance The dental care provided to children with DM should be personalized, and all patients should follow a strict program of reexaminations. Moreover, the dentist may evaluate oral signs and symptoms of inadequately controlled diabetes and, in coordination with the patient's physician, can play a crucial role in maintaining oral and general health. How to cite this article Davidopoulou S, Bitzeni-Nigdeli A, Archaki C, et al. Oral Health Implications and Dental Management of Diabetic Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(5):631-635.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiria Davidopoulou
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
| | - Anna Bitzeni-Nigdeli
- School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Archaki
- School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace (D.U.Th.), Alexandroupoli, East Macedonia and Thrace, Greece
| | - Aristidis Arhakis
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
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Hatipoğlu Ö, Önsüren AS, Hatipoğlu FP, Kurt A. Caries-related salivary parameters and oral microbial flora in patients with type 1 diabetes: A meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2022; 38:e3527. [PMID: 35289060 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis by synthesising the outcomes of studies that investigated the relationship between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and salivary flow rate (SFR), salivary pH (SpH), salivary buffer capacity (SBC), streptococcus Mutans (SM), and lactobacillus (LB) counts. MATERIAL AND METHODS The PRISMA statement guide was followed for the meta-analysis. Electronic databases were searched, and study selection and data collection processes were performed. The risks of bias in individual studies and across studies were assessed. Mean differences (MD) and Odds Ratio (OR) were used to measure the effect estimates in the comparisons. RESULTS 29 studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative syntheses. Significantly higher SFR (MD = -0.22, CI: -0.26, -0.18; p < 0.001) and SpH (MD = -0.59, CI: -0.81, -0.36; p < 0.001) were observed in the healthy individuals than T1D individuals. No significant difference was observed among groups in terms of SBC (MD = 0.10, CI: -0.46,0.66; p = 0.73). An increased odds ratio of SM counts were observed regarding the T1D (OR = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.16, 8.20; p = 0.02). No association was found between LB counts and T1D (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 0.38, 11.98; p = 0.38). CONCLUSIONS Subjects with T1D have a significantly lesser SFR and SpH than healthy individuals. But no significant difference is available in terms of SBC. Lower SM counts were observed in individuals with T1D, while no association was observed regarding LB counts. The tendency to dental caries is more likely in subjects with T1D due to lower SFR, SpH, and higher SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Hatipoğlu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | | | | | - Ayça Kurt
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
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Assiri SA, El Meligy OAES, Alzain IO, Bamashmous NO. Assessment of dental caries and salivary characteristics among type 1 diabetic Saudi children. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:1634-1639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Wollmer E, Ungell AL, Nicolas JM, Klein S. Review of paediatric gastrointestinal physiology relevant to the absorption of orally administered medicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114084. [PMID: 34929252 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite much progress in regulations to improve paediatric drug development, there remains a significant need to develop better medications for children. For the design of oral dosage forms, a detailed understanding of the specific gastrointestinal (GI) conditions in children of different age categories and how they differ from GI conditions in adults is essential. Several review articles have been published addressing the ontogeny of GI characteristics, including luminal conditions in the GI tract of children. However, the data reported in most of these reviews are of limited quality because (1) information was cited from very old publications and sometimes low quality sources, (2) data gaps in the original data were filled with textbook knowledge, (3) data obtained on healthy and sick children were mixed, (4) average data obtained on groups of patients were mixed with data obtained on individual patients, and (5) results obtained using investigative techniques that may have altered the outcome of the respective studies were considered. Consequently, many of these reviews draw conclusions that may be incorrect. The aim of the present review was to provide a comprehensive and updated overview of the available original data on the ontogeny of GI luminal conditions relevant to oral drug absorption in the paediatric population. To this end, the PubMed and Web of Science metadatabases were searched for appropriate studies that examined age-related conditions in the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colon. Maturation was observed for several GI parameters, and corresponding data sets were identified for each paediatric age group. However, it also became clear that the ontogeny of several GI traits in the paediatric population is not yet known. The review article provides a robust and valuable data set for the development of paediatric in vitro and in silico biopharmaceutical tools to support the development of age-appropriate dosage forms. In addition, it provides important information on existing data gaps and should provide impetus for further systematic and well-designed in vivo studies on GI physiology in children of specific age groups in order to close existing knowledge gaps and to sustainably improve oral drug therapy in children.
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Sabella FM, de Feiria SNB, Ribeiro ADA, Theodoro LH, Höfling JF, Parisotto TM, Duque C. Exploring the Interplay Between Oral Diseases, Microbiome, and Chronic Diseases Driven by Metabolic Dysfunction in Childhood. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.718441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral childhood diseases, such as caries and gingivitis, have much more than a local impact on the dentition and tooth surrounding tissues, which can affect systemic conditions. While the mouth is frequently exposed to microbial stressors that can contribute to an inflammatory state in the entire body, chronic disorders can also interfere with oral health. Sharing common risk factors, a dynamic interplay can be driven between 1. dental caries, gingivitis, and type I diabetes mellitus, 2. early childhood caries and obesity, and 3. caries and cardiovascular diseases. Considering that there are ~2.2 billion children worldwide and that childhood provides unique opportunities for intervention targeting future health promotion, this review is of prime importance and aimed to explore the relationship between the oral microbiome and oral chronic diseases driven by metabolic dysfunction in childhood.
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Zainal Abidin Z, Zainuren ZA, Noor E, Mohd Nor NS, Mohd Saffian S, Abdul Halim R. Periodontal health status of children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aust Dent J 2021; 66 Suppl 1:S15-S26. [PMID: 33864280 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycaemia resulted from defects in insulin secretion or action, or both. Various studies have reported on the bidirectional relationship between DM and periodontal disease. A systematic search of the literature was performed in several databases, EBSCO Medline Complete, PubMed, Science Direct and a manual search for articles from 2000 until 2019. Literature that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were identified, and data measuring plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and periodontal probing depth (PPD) were extracted and subjected to Random-effects meta-analysis. From 947 titles and abstracts screened, 11 articles were included for meta-analysis. It was found that PI, GI, CAL and PPD were significantly higher in DM children than in non-DM children according to the Standardized Mean different (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) (SMD 0.54, 95% CI 0.20-0.87, P = 0.002; SMD 0.63, 95% CI 0.39-0.87, P < 0.001; SMD 0.79, 95% CI 0.52-1.05, P < 0.001, SMD 0.67, 95% CI 0.23-1.11, P = 0.003, respectively). The meta-analysis showed significant differences in PI, GI, PD and CAL between the two groups, favouring non-DM children. Therefore, early detection of DM children with periodontal disease is crucial to prevent periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zainal Abidin
- Centre of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, UniversitiTeknologi Mara (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Z A Zainuren
- Centre of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, UniversitiTeknologi Mara (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - E Noor
- Centre of Periodontology Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - N S Mohd Nor
- Paediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (IPPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - S Mohd Saffian
- Centre for Quality Management of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Abdul Halim
- Centre of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, UniversitiTeknologi Mara (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
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Martins RARC, Costa FWG, Silva SM, Silva PGDB, Carvalho FSR, Fonteles CSR, Ribeiro TR. Salivary immunoglobulins (A, G, and M) in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients: A PROSPERO-registered systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 122:105025. [PMID: 33341591 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.105025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the difference in the salivary levels of immunoglobulins between patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and healthy controls. DESIGN This systematic review was registered on the PROSPERO (CRD42020159198) database. All references were cross-checked and the risk of bias assessment was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to appraise the quality of evidence. The standardized mean difference and Cohen's d as the effect size were used in the meta-analysis. I-square statistics was used to estimate heterogeneity. Analysis was performed using the RevMan® software (p < 0.05) with a 95 % confidence interval. RESULTS Of the total 92 articles, 9 were selected for this study. The meta-analysis included 333 DM1 patients and 325 healthy controls. DM1 patients showed a significant reduction in salivary flow (p = 0.0008; Cohen's d= -0.19, CI 95 %= -0.33, -0.05), although not significant enough to modify the IgA concentration (p = 0.120; Cohen's d = 0.58, CI 95 %= -0.15, 1.32). However, DM1 increased IgA concentration by reducing salivary flow (Cohen's d = 0.84; CI 95 % = 0.36, 1.32), with a strong estimate of effect (p = 0.0006). Regarding IgG, no significant change was noted with DM1 in the patient's saliva (p = 0.420). Furthermore, there was no significant variation in the salivary IgM levels (p = 0.300). CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that the salivary levels of the evaluated immunoglobulins do not seem to be altered in DM1 patients when compared to that in healthy controls. However, the increase in IgA salivary concentration was dependent on total protein estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Asfor Rocha Carvalho Martins
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Monsenhor Furtado, s/n, Rodolfo Teófilo, CEP: 60430-160, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Wildson Gurgel Costa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Monsenhor Furtado, s/n, Rodolfo Teófilo, CEP: 60430-160, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Sara Maria Silva
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Monsenhor Furtado, s/n, Rodolfo Teófilo, CEP: 60430-160, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | | | - Francisco Samuel Rodrigues Carvalho
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará CampusSobral, Rua Conselheiro José Júlio, S/N, Centro, CEP: 62010-820, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Sá Roriz Fonteles
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Monsenhor Furtado, s/n, Rodolfo Teófilo, CEP: 60430-160, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Thyciana Rodrigues Ribeiro
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Monsenhor Furtado, s/n, Rodolfo Teófilo, CEP: 60430-160, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Hatipoğlu Ö, Pertek Hatipoğlu F. Association between asthma and caries-related salivary factors: a meta-analysis. J Asthma 2020; 59:38-53. [PMID: 32946317 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2020.1826045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This meta-analysis aimed to examine the comprehensive conclusive evidence of association between asthma and caries-related salivary factors including salivary pH (SpH), salivary flow rate (SFR), salivary buffer capacity (SBC), and other salivary components. METHODS Electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Open Gray databases) were searched for relevant studies. After screening, studies were selected and data were collected from each study. The risk of bias in individual studies and across studies was evaluated. Mean differences (MD) were used to measure the effect estimates in the comparisons of SFR, SpH, SBC, and other salivary components. Additional analyses, namely sensitivity, subgroup, and Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation analyses, were also conducted. RESULTS Eighteen and fourteen studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis, respectively. Significantly higher SFR (MD = -0.3, 95% CI [-0.39, -0.2], p < 0.001) and SpH (MD = -0.25, 95% CI [-0.45, -0.05], p = 0.01) were found in the reference group compared to the group with asthma. A significant difference in SBC was found only for unstimulated saliva (MD = -0.20, 95% CI [-0.24, -0.15], p < 0.001). No significant associations were found between asthma and other salivary components (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Notwithstanding the limitations of this study, the evidence showed that SFR whether stimulated or unstimulated was significantly reduced in asthma patients. SBC and SpH were significantly reduced in asthma patients only when saliva was unstimulated. No evidence was found regarding the association between asthma and other salivary components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Hatipoğlu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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Ibuki FK, Bergamaschi CT, da Silva Pedrosa M, Nogueira FN. Effect of vitamin C and E on oxidative stress and antioxidant system in the salivary glands of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 116:104765. [PMID: 32470831 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the effects of vitamin C and E supplementation in the prevention of oxidative stress in the salivary glands of STZ-induced diabetic rats. DESIGN Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n = 8 in each): control (C), control supplemented with vitamin C (Cvc) and E (Cve), diabetic (D), and diabetic supplemented with vitamin C (Dvc) and E (Dve). Vitamin C (150 mg/kg) and E (300 mg/kg) were daily administered for 21 days. Serum ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol levels were quantified. Glandular levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2-), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) and the total antioxidant status (TAS) were estimated. RESULTS Vitamin C and E levels were reduced in D group. Vitamin C decreased the levels of O2- in the salivary gland of diabetic rats. Vitamin E increased the concentration of O2- in PA gland of diabetic animals. In the SM gland of the diabetic group, MDA, SOD, GPx and TAS increased. Dve presented reduced SOD activity and increased GR, GPx, and MDA. Dve increased GPx, Gr and TAS levels. In the PA gland, MDA, SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, and TAS were similar in C and D. TAS, SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR increased in Dvc. Vitamin E supplementation resulted in increased MDA and CAT levels and reduced SOD activity. CONCLUSION In the SM glands of the diabetic rats, vitamin C supplementation improved the antioxidant system, while vitamin E acted as pro-oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Kazue Ibuki
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cassia T Bergamaschi
- Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marlus da Silva Pedrosa
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Neves Nogueira
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
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Al-Badr AH, AlJameel AH, Halawany HS, Al-Jazairy YH, Alhadlaq MK, Al-Maflehi NS, Al-Sharif JA, Jacob V, Abraham N. Dental caries prevalence among Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) 6- to 12-year-old children in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia compared to non-diabetic children. Saudi Dent J 2020; 33:276-282. [PMID: 34194191 PMCID: PMC8236546 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of dental caries among groups of 6–12-year-old children with and without Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, taking into account oral health behaviour, diet, and salivary parameters. Methods The study was designed as a comparable study of dental caries experience between T1DM and non-diabetic groups of children. The total sample size of 209 participants consisted of 69 diabetic and 140 non-diabetic children. Oral hygiene, diet and socio-economic status were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Caries was recorded in terms of decayed and filled permanent and primary teeth (DFT/dft). Salivary microbial counts and pH levels were recorded using Caries Risk Test (CRT) kit. Student's t-test, the chi-squared test, linear regression and one-way analysis of variance were performed P-value of 0.05 considered significant. Results The mean dft scores for the diabetic and non-diabetic groups were 3.32 ± 0.78 and 3.28 ± 0.71 (mean ± SD), respectively (p = 0.458). The mean DFT scores for the diabetic and non-diabetic groups were 1.62 ± 0.65 and 1.96 ± 0.65, respectively (p = 0.681). Diabetic children visited dentists more often than non-diabetic children did (p = 0.04), and had lower consumption of both sweets (p = 0.003) and flavoured milk (p = 0.002) than the non-diabetic group. Furthermore, analysis showed that the diabetic children had medium oral pH levels (pH = 4.5–5.5), whereas the non-diabetic children tended to have high (pH ≥ 6.0) oral pH; this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.01). In addition, the diabetic group had higher Lactobacillus levels than the non-diabetic group (p = 0.04). Conclusion The difference in caries prevalence between the diabetic and non-diabetic children was not statistically significant. The CRT analysis revealed a higher frequency of “critical” pH values (pH = 4.5–5.5) and higher Lactobacillus counts in diabetic children than in non-diabetic children, which indicated a higher caries risk in the former group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Hamoud Al-Badr
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Albandary Hassan AlJameel
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Suliman Halawany
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousra Hussein Al-Jazairy
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Khalid Alhadlaq
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nassr Saleh Al-Maflehi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Vimal Jacob
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nimmi Abraham
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Pappa E, Vastardis H, Rahiotis C. Chair-side saliva diagnostic tests: An evaluation tool for xerostomia and caries risk assessment in children with type 1 diabetes. J Dent 2020; 93:103224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.103224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Coelho AS, Amaro IF, Caramelo F, Paula A, Marto CM, Ferreira MM, Botelho MF, Carrilho EV. Dental caries, diabetes mellitus, metabolic control and diabetes duration: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2020; 32:291-309. [PMID: 31912978 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze articles aimed at evaluating the association between diabetes, metabolic control, diabetes duration, and dental caries. OVERVIEW A systematic search in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted to retrieve papers in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, up to April 2019. The research strategy was constructed considering the "PECO" strategy. Only quantitative observational studies were analyzed. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The meta-analyses were performed based on random-effects models using the statistical platform R. A total of 69 articles was included in the systematic review and 40 in the meta-analysis. Type 1 diabetics have a significantly higher DMFT compared to controls. No significant differences were found between type 2 diabetics and controls and between well-controlled and poorly controlled diabetics. Concerning diabetes duration, all authors failed to find differences between groups. CONCLUSION Although there is still a need for longitudinal studies, the meta-analysis proved that type 1 diabetics have a high dental caries risk. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE It is necessary to be aware of all risk factors for dental caries that may be associated with these patients, making it possible to include them into an individualized prevention program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Coelho
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, CIMAGO-Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Flores Amaro
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Caramelo
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, CIMAGO-Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela Paula
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, CIMAGO-Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Miguel Marto
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, CIMAGO-Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Experimental Pathology Institute, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel Marques Ferreira
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, CIMAGO-Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Endodontics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, CIMAGO-Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eunice Virgínia Carrilho
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, CIMAGO-Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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15
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King MM, Kayastha BB, Franklin MJ, Patrauchan MA. Calcium Regulation of Bacterial Virulence. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1131:827-855. [PMID: 31646536 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal signaling ion, whose major informational role shaped the evolution of signaling pathways, enabling cellular communications and responsiveness to both the intracellular and extracellular environments. Elaborate Ca2+ regulatory networks have been well characterized in eukaryotic cells, where Ca2+ regulates a number of essential cellular processes, ranging from cell division, transport and motility, to apoptosis and pathogenesis. However, in bacteria, the knowledge on Ca2+ signaling is still fragmentary. This is complicated by the large variability of environments that bacteria inhabit with diverse levels of Ca2+. Yet another complication arises when bacterial pathogens invade a host and become exposed to different levels of Ca2+ that (1) are tightly regulated by the host, (2) control host defenses including immune responses to bacterial infections, and (3) become impaired during diseases. The invading pathogens evolved to recognize and respond to the host Ca2+, triggering the molecular mechanisms of adhesion, biofilm formation, host cellular damage, and host-defense resistance, processes enabling the development of persistent infections. In this review, we discuss: (1) Ca2+ as a determinant of a host environment for invading bacterial pathogens, (2) the role of Ca2+ in regulating main events of host colonization and bacterial virulence, and (3) the molecular mechanisms of Ca2+ signaling in bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M King
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Biraj B Kayastha
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Michael J Franklin
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Marianna A Patrauchan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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Abstract
Objective: To describe the significance of type 1 diabetes mellitus (juvenile diabetes) to the pediatric oral health provider. Relevance: The oral health provider must be aware of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) characteristics, influence of on oral health, each patient pre-operative diabetic management, symptoms and treatment of hypo and hyper-glycemia, and the clinical implications before, during and after treatment of children with T1DM. Study design: A review of the scientific literature about the T1DM influence on dental development, caries prevalence, gingival and periodontal diseases, wound healing, salivary and taste dysfunction, oral infections, and the factors that must be taken in consideration before, during and after oral treatment of children with T1DM is presented. Conclusion: The increasing prevalence of T1DB in children strongly emphasizes the need for oral health providers to be aware of the complicacy of the treatment aimed to obtain and maintain acceptable blood glucose levels in diabetic children, the effect of diabetes on the oral cavity, the possible serious complications due to hypo- or hyper glycemia before, during and after oral treatments, the effect of stress on blood glucose levels, and the special behavioral interaction between the diabetic child, his/her family and the oral health providers.
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17
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Tiongco REG, Arceo ES, Rivera NS, Flake CCD, Policarpio AR. Estimation of salivary glucose, amylase, calcium, and phosphorus among non-diabetics and diabetics: Potential identification of non-invasive diagnostic markers. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2601-2605. [PMID: 31405682 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetes Mellitus (DM) continues to burden millions of people worldwide. Early detection and effective diagnosis of DM are essential key strategies to reduce the impeding incidence of the disease and its complications. Thus, this study determined the potential utility of salivary glucose, amylase, calcium, and phosphorus as non-invasive diagnostic markers of DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 80 participants were recruited and divided into two groups (non-diabetics and diabetics). Fasting blood samples and unstimulated saliva samples were collected and tested for glucose, amylase, calcium, and phosphorus. RESULTS Mann-Whitney U test shows that salivary glucose and salivary amylase were significantly higher among diabetics than non-diabetics. In addition to this, the receiver operations characteristics (ROC) curve showed that salivary glucose (AUC = 0.811, p < 0.001) and amylase (AUC = 0.649, p = 0.03) has significant association with DM. CONCLUSION Overall, only salivary glucose and amylase showed good potential in discriminating patients with diabetes from those without.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Enrique G Tiongco
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines.
| | - Engracia S Arceo
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines
| | - Nicole S Rivera
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines
| | - Chastene Christopher D Flake
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines
| | - Archie R Policarpio
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines
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18
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Basir L, Meshki R, Behbudi A, Rakhshan V. Effects of Restoring the Primary Dentition with Stainless-Steel Crowns on Children's Salivary Nickel and Chromium Levels, and the Associations with Saliva pH: a Preliminary Before-After Clinical Trial. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:65-73. [PMID: 29796983 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Nickel and chromium existing in stainless-steel crowns (SSCs, used in pediatric dentistry) might be cytotoxic and allergenic. However, no in vivo studies have examined their salivary levels in children using SSCs, or in young children without SSCs. Also, the effect of acidity on metal ion release has not yet been evaluated in any previous in vivo studies in the whole literature. Therefore, this preliminary before-after clinical trial was conducted. Salivary nickel/chromium levels of 30 children before and after 2 months of placement of SSCs were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Salivary pH was measured with a digital pH meter. The effects of treatment, pH, number of SSCs, gender, and age on salivary ions were analyzed statistically (α = 0.05, β = 0.15). Salivary nickel concentrations increased from 4.9010 ± 4.7390 to 5.6320 ± 4.7210 μg/L (P = 0.000, paired t test). Chromium increased from 0.3273 ± 0.5214 to 0.4199 ± 0.6404 μg/L (P = 0.016). Saliva pH increased from 6.81 ± 0.52 to 7.04 ± 0.47 (P = 0.000). Ion levels were not correlated with pH (P > 0.14), except chromium in the follow-up (rho = - 0.435, P = 0.016). Nickel increase (but not chromium increase) was correlated with pH increase (rho = 0.367, P = 0.046). Age was only correlated with baseline chromium (rho = 0.373, P = 0.042). Being male was associated with baseline/follow-up nickel levels (P ≤ 0.030). SSC number was not correlated with ions or pH (P > 0.36). It was shown for the first time that SSCs might increase salivary nickel and chromium concentrations and reduce saliva acidity. Nickel increase might be in line with pH elevation. The raised pH might be associated with reduced chromium release. Boys might have higher nickel levels than might girls, with or without SSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Basir
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, PO Box T: 61357-15794, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Razieh Meshki
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, PO Box T: 61357-15794, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Azam Behbudi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, PO Box T: 61357-15794, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Vahid Rakhshan
- Department of Dental Anatomy, Dental Faculty, Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Uppu K, Sahana S, Madu GP, Vasa AA, Nalluri S, Raghavendra KJ. Estimation of Salivary Glucose, Calcium, Phosphorus, Alkaline Phosphatase, and Immunoglobulin A among Diabetic and Nondiabetic Children: A Case-Control Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:71-78. [PMID: 29991856 PMCID: PMC6034048 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Saliva is vital for oral health and helps to maintain oral homeostasis. It may show qualitative and quantitative variations owing to any changes in the systemic health. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease and the individuals may be at higher risk for oral health problems. Objective The study was aimed to estimate the levels of various salivary components among diabetic and nondiabetic children with similar caries status and also to analyze possible association between caries status and possible caries determinants in the saliva of diabetic children. Materials and methods A total of 70 children in the age group of 6 to 13 years with minimal dental caries (Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth index (DMFT/dmft >1 and <5)) were selected. Group I comprised of type I diabetic children and on medication for diabetes and group II included healthy nondiabetic children. Salivary samples were collected from the participants by passive drool method and estimation of all salivary parameters was done using autoanalyzer. Results Statistical analyses were done using Student’s t-test and results are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). There was a highly significant difference in mean glucose value between diabetic and nondiabetic children. Levels of salivary calcium, phosphorus, and salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) did not show any significant difference between the two groups. There was also a statistically significant difference in the alkaline phosphatase (AP) levels, which was found to be higher in diabetics. Conclusion An elevation in the levels of salivary glucose and AP was evident in diabetic children, which can be a risk marker for dental caries. There was no correlation in the levels of salivary calcium, phosphorus, and s-IgA levels among diabetic and healthy children. Clinical significance The salivary factors evaluated in the study may prove to be useful measures of caries experience in diabetic children. How to cite this article: Uppu K, Sahana S, Madu GP, Vasa AAK, Nalluri S, Raghavendra KJ. Estimation of Salivary Glucose, Calcium, Phosphorus, Alkaline Phosphatase, and Immunoglobulin A among Diabetic and Nondiabetic Children: A Case-Control Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(2):71-78.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Uppu
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saint Joseph Dental College, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Suzan Sahana
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saint Joseph Dental College, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ghanashyam P Madu
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saint Joseph Dental College, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Aron Ak Vasa
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saint Joseph Dental College, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sowjanya Nalluri
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saint Joseph Dental College, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kumar J Raghavendra
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saint Joseph Dental College, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Increased Micronuclei Frequency in Oral and Lingual Epithelium of Treated Diabetes Mellitus Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4898153. [PMID: 29546061 PMCID: PMC5818950 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4898153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by persistent high levels of glucose in plasma. Chronic hyperglycemia is thought to increase oxidative stress and the formation of free radicals that in turn damage cells. Thus, we decided to determine the frequency of nuclear abnormalities in epithelial cells from cheek and tongue mucosa of DM patients with type 1 (DM1, treated only with insulin) and type 2 (DM2, treated with metformin) using the buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay. Micronuclei frequency in cheek epithelial cells was higher in both DM1 (0.75 ± 0.31, P < 0.001) and DM2 (0.52 ± 0.27, P < 0.001) patients, as compared to healthy controls (0.07 ± 0.06). Similarly, micronuclei frequency in tongue epithelium was increased in DM1 (0.81 ± 0.22, P < 0.001) and DM2 (0.41 ± 0.21, P < 0.001) groups, in comparison to controls (0.06 ± 0.05). Besides, we found a positive correlation between micronuclei frequency and the onset time of DM2 in both cheek (ρ = 0.69, P < 0.001) and tongue epithelial cells (ρ = 0.71, P < 0.001), but not with onset time of DM1 or age of the patients. Considering all this, we pose that BMCyt could serve as a fast and easily accessible test to assess genotoxic damage during dental visits of DM patients, helping to monitor their disease.
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Sadeghi R, Taleghani F, Mohammadi S, Zohri Z. The Effect of Diabetes Mellitus Type I on Periodontal and Dental Status. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZC14-ZC17. [PMID: 28893034 PMCID: PMC5583944 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/25742.10153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus type I is a chronic metabolic disease with an autoimmune origin. The initial manifestations mainly appear during childhood and its prevalence is on the rise in many countries. Some of the complications of diabetes mellitus are problems related to oro-dental structures and periodontal diseases. AIM The present study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between diabetes mellitus type I and dental and periodontal status in Tehran, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out on 50 patients with diabetes mellitus type I who were under treatment in the Diabetic Patients' Center in Tehran and 50 healthy individuals who did not have diabetes, all recruited from schools. The subjects were divided into two age groups of 6-12 and 13-18 years. In test group, HbA1c (glycosylated haemoglobin) level of the patients was collected from the medical records of Association of Diabetic Patients. To make sure that the control subjects did not suffer from diabetes mellitus, their blood glucose was measured with the Glucocard 01 blood glucose monitoring kit (GT-1920, Japan). The periodontal and dental status were assessed using dmft/DMFT (Decayed, Missing, Filled Permanent Teeth), GI (Gingival Index), PPD (Periodontal Pocket Depth), PI (Plaque Index) and CI (Calculus Index). The data obtained from each group were compared statistically using the Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal Wallis Test. RESULTS There was increase in PPD, GI and DMFT values with aging, with no significant differences between the diabetic and non-diabetic groups. PI and DMFT not only increased with aging but also were higher in both age groups in patients with diabetes compared to healthy subjects (p<0.05). GI was higher only in the 13-18 year age group in diabetic patients (p<0.01). There was no relation between the HbA1c (glycosylated haemoglobin) level, and periodontal indices (p<0.09). CONCLUSION It appears that patients with diabetes mellitus type I are more susceptible to periodontal diseases and tooth loss and such problems might be aggravated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokhsareh Sadeghi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ferial Taleghani
- Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Zohri
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Aljerf L, Alhaffar I. Salivary Distinctiveness and Modifications in Males with Diabetes and Behçet's Disease. Biochem Res Int 2017; 2017:9596202. [PMID: 28321337 PMCID: PMC5339495 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9596202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases associated with systematic diseases as metabolic and vasculitic have been included in this paper. This will enhance our understanding of the salivary function in promoting healthy oral condition. The study investigates the effects of type I and type II diabetes mellitus in well-controlled diabetic patients, in addition to Behçet disease (BD) on saliva flow rate (SFR), pH, the decay, missing, and filled tooth (DMFT) index, glucose, and major earth-alkaline ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) compared to healthy males and age-matched controls. Saliva samples were collected from 1403 male human subjects, distributed on 7 levels including 3 control groups, and analyzed. The symptoms and clinical observations were enrolled. A preprandial salivary glucose has illustrated statistically strong significant and positive correlations with HbA1c and blood glucose levels. TIDM saliva showed lower pH, SFR, and Ca2+ but higher Mg2+, caries risk, and poor metabolic control. These led to dysfunction of secretory capacity of salivary glands. TIIDM proved higher SFR, DMFT, and glucose than TIDM patients. DM oral calcium has decreased by age while magnesium sharply slopes at seniority. BD oral fluid is associated with lower glucose and minerals but noticeably with both higher pH and DMFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loai Aljerf
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria
| | - Iyad Alhaffar
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria
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Naing C, Mak JW. Salivary glucose in monitoring glycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2017; 16:2. [PMID: 28127542 PMCID: PMC5251294 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-017-0287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide. Monitoring glycaemia is essential for control of diabetes mellitus. Conventional blood-based measurement of glucose requires venepuncture or needle prick, which is not free from pain and risk of infection. The non-invasiveness, ease and low-cost in collection made saliva an attractive alternative sample. The objective of this review was to systematically review the evidence on the relationship between salivary glucose level and blood glucose level in monitoring glycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS We searched studies which evaluate salivary glucose levels and serum glycaemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus in electronic databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Ovid and Google Scholar. We selected the eligible studies, following the inclusion criteria set for this review. Due to heterogeneity of studies, we conducted qualitative synthesis of studies. RESULTS Ten observational studies were included in this review, including a total of 321 cases and 323 controls with ages between 3 and 61 years and the majority were males (62%). Two studies were done exclusively on children below 17 years old. The significant difference between salivary glucose levels in type 1 diabetes mellitus and controls were reported in 6 studies with 8 data sets. Five studies with 7 datasets reported the correlation coefficient between salivary glucose and blood glucose in patients with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that salivary glucose concentrations may be helpful in monitoring glycaemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, the utility of using salivary glucose level to monitor glycaemia should be evaluated in future well designed, prospective studies with adequate number of participants with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho Naing
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000 Malaysia
| | - Joon Wah Mak
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000 Malaysia
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24
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Saes Busato IM, Antoni CCD, Calcagnotto T, Ignácio SA, Azevedo-Alanis LR. Salivary flow rate, buffer capacity, and urea concentration in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 29:1359-1363. [PMID: 27845883 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2015-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the study was to analyze salivary flow rate, urea concentration, and buffer capacity in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 DM) in two different stages. METHODS This study was performed on adolescents (14-19 years), allocated between two groups: type 1 DM group comprised 32 adolescents with type 1 DM, and non-type 1 DM group comprised 32 nondiabetics. The adolescents in type 1 DM group were evaluated at a baseline (T0) and after 15 months (T1), and those in non-type 1 DM group were only evaluated at T0. Diabetic status was determined by glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) and capillary glucose tests. Measurement of salivary flow was performed by means of stimulated saliva (SSFR) collection. The buffer capacity (BC) was determined, and analysis of urea salivary concentration was performed using the colorimetric method. RESULTS At T0, there were significant differences between diabetics and nondiabetics for SSFR and BC (p<0.05). In diabetics, SSFR was 0.790 mL/min in T0 and 0.881 mL/min in T1 (p>0.05). BC at T0 was 4.8, and at T1, it was 3.9 (p=0.000). Urea concentration mean value had a significant decrease at T1 (28.13) compared with T0 (34.88) (p=0.013). There was a negative correlation between SSFR and urea salivary concentration at both T0 (r=-0.426, p≤0.05) and T1 (r=-0.601, p≤0.01). CONCLUSIONS In adolescents with type 1 DM, hyposalivation at T0 was associated with an increase in urea salivary concentration. At T1, hyposalivation was associated with a reduction in BC, and an increase in salivary urea.
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases resulting from impaired insulin secretion and/or action. DM is characterized by hyperglycemia that can lead to the dysfunction or damage of organs, including the salivary glands.The aim of this study was to compare the levels of salivary lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in diabetic patients.The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of Wroclaw Medical University (Poland). The study comprised 90 adults of both sexes, aged 21 to 57 years. The patients were divided into 3 groups: type 1 diabetics (D1), type 2 diabetics (D2), and a healthy control group (C). Each group consisted of 30 age- and sex-matched subjects. Total protein (P, by Lowry method), LDH, AST, ALT (with Alpha Diagnostics kits), and salivary flow rate were measured in unstimulated mixed saliva. The level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured with DCA 2000 Reagent Kit. The obtained data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Spearman rank at a significance level of P < 0.05 with the use of STATISTICA 9.0 software.In comparison with C, D1 presented a significantly higher activity of LDH (P < 0.001), AST (P < 0.001), and ALT (P < 0.01), whereas D2 indicated higher levels of LDH (P < 0.001) and ALT (P < 0.05) compared with C. Comparing D1 to D2, approximately 3-fold higher activity of AST (P < 0.01) and approximately 4.5-fold higher activity of ALT (P < 0.01) was observed.Higher levels of salivary LDH, AST, and ALT in D1 compared with D2 and C confirm that salivary glands of D1 might be attributed to autoimmunological damage associated with the pathomechanism of DM.
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Monteiro MM, D'Epiro TTS, Bernardi L, Fossati ACM, Santos MFD, Lamers ML. Long- and short-term diabetes mellitus type 1 modify young and elder rat salivary glands morphology. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 73:40-47. [PMID: 27664563 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study we performed a temporal analysis of the effects of Diabetes Mellitus on morphology and laminin deposition in salivary glands of young (2 months-old) and aging (12 months-old) male Wistar rats, using immunohistochemistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animals were divided in control and diabetic (Streptozotocin induced) groups and euthanized after short and long-term diabetes induction. RESULTS Short-term induction led to vacuolization of parotid acinar cells and increased laminin deposition in both animal ages. In young rats, no difference was observed between short or long-term diabetes regarding laminin deposition, but parotid acinar cells vacuolization was more discrete after long-term diabetes. A slight decrease of submandibular gland convoluted granular ducts was observed in young and elder diabetic animal ages. In diabetic aging rats was observed an increase of laminin content only in the parotid gland. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that some Diabetes Mellitus effects on salivary glands are not progressive over time, possibly due to the existence of adaptive mechanisms in response to chronic hyperglycemia. They also show that the duration of the disease was more relevant to the morphological effects than the age, although it is known that aging per se affects salivary gland morphology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Mirim Monteiro
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lisiane Bernardi
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Lazzaron Lamers
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Ladgotra A, Verma P, Raj SS. Estimation of Salivary and Serum Biomarkers in Diabetic and Non Diabetic Patients - A Comparative Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC56-61. [PMID: 27504412 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/19135.7995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blood is the gold standard body fluid for diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) but saliva offers an alternative to serum as a biological fluid for diagnostic purposes because it contains serum constituents. AIM The study was conducted to estimate and compare serum and salivary glucose, amylase, proteins, calcium and phosphorus levels in DM and healthy subjects and to evaluate whether saliva can be used as a diagnostic fluid in DM patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study consisted of 120 subjects from OPD of Surendera Dental College, Sriganganagar, Rajasthan, India. The study groups were divided into Group I-60 DM patients (Type I & II) and Group II-60 healthy subjects. The saliva and serum samples were collected from each subject and levels of different biochemical parameters were estimated. RESULTS Mean serum level of glucose (211.50 ± 43.82), amylase (79.86 ± 16.23), total proteins (6.65 ± 0.84), calcium (7.17 ± 0.91) and phosphorus (3.68±0.65) as observed in Group I while in Group II, glucose (88.81±11.29), amylase (77.67±14.88), total proteins (6.35±0.76), calcium (7.52±0.97) and phosphorus (3.96 ± 0.91) were noted. Mean salivary level of glucose (14.10±6.99), amylase (1671.42±569.86), total proteins (1.33±1.11), calcium (10.06±2.76) and phosphorus (13.75±4.45) as observed in Group I while in Group II, glucose (5.87± 2.42), amylase (1397.59 ±415.97), total proteins (1.36±0.81), calcium (7.73±2.78) and phosphorus (8.39 ± 1.95) were noted. On comparing values in saliva and serum, among two groups, an insignificant difference (p>0.005) was found between few of them. CONCLUSION Values regarding blood and salivary biochemical parameters were distinctly different between two groups suggesting salivary parameters can be used as a diagnostic alternative to blood parameters for diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Ladgotra
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Surendera Dental College & Research Institute , Sriganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pradhuman Verma
- Reader, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Surendera Dental College & Research Institute , Sriganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Seetharamaiah Sunder Raj
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Surendera Dental College & Research Institute , Sriganganagar, Rajasthan, India
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Collares EF, Fernandes MIM. The ontogeny of saliva secretion in infants and esophagoprotection. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2016; 52:156-60. [PMID: 26039837 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-28032015000200016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported that severe reflux esophagitis is rare in infants despite the well known high occurrence of regurgitation in early infancy. There is evidence of the importance of saliva for the pre-epithelial protection of the esophageal mucosa. RESULTS A longitudinal study conducted on healthy infants indicated that the stimulated capacity of saliva secretion (saliva output per kg of body weight) was significantly higher during their first year of age compared to older children and adults. In addition, this secretion pattern was also observed in low weight newborns during the first weeks of life and persisted in infants with severe protein-calorie malnutrition (marasmus). CONCLUSION The greater ability to secrete saliva is an important physiological condition that may protect the infant from acid/pepsin aggression to the esophagus during early stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgard Ferro Collares
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Inez Machado Fernandes
- Department of Puericulture and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Periodontal Diseases and Dental Caries in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:379626. [PMID: 26347009 PMCID: PMC4539482 DOI: 10.1155/2015/379626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease of an autoimmune origin with early manifestation predominantly in the childhood. Its incidence has been rising in most European countries. Diabetes has been intensively studied by all branches of medicine. There were a number of studies investigating oral consequences of diabetes; however, unambiguous conclusions were drawn only for the relationship between diabetes and periodontal impairment. Many studies confirmed higher plaque levels and higher incidence of chronic gingivitis both in adults and in children with diabetes. Juvenile periodontitis is rare both in healthy subjects and in those with type 1 diabetes. Yet certain findings from well-conducted studies, for example, differences in oral microflora or the impact of metabolic control of diabetes on periodontal health, indicate a higher risk of periodontitis in children with type 1 diabetes. As for the association of diabetes and dental caries, the results of the studies are inconsistent. However, it was found that some risk factors for dental caries are either more or less prevalent in the diabetic population. Despite an extensive research in this area we have to acknowledge that many questions have remained unanswered. There is a need for continued, thorough research in this area.
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Subramaniam P, Sharma A, Kaje K. Association of salivary triglycerides and cholesterol with dental caries in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2014; 35:120-2. [PMID: 25423954 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic disturbances in diabetes mellitus can affect oral health. Altered levels of salivary lipids have been suggested as a risk for dental caries. There has been lack of research in this regard and in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. AIM To assess the salivary triglycerides and cholesterol levels in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and correlate them with their dental caries status. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty children aged 12-16 years with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy children were included in the study. Unstimulated saliva was collected from each child and evaluated for salivary triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Dental caries status (DMFT) was recorded. RESULTS Salivary cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (p ≤ 0.05). In comparison to controls, mean DMFT score was higher in the diabetic children. Salivary triglycerides showed a significant correlation with dental caries status in the study group (p = 0.035). In normal children, salivary cholesterol levels showed a significant association with dental caries. (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION Both salivary cholesterol and triglycerides levels were significantly higher in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Salivary triglycerides showed a significant association with dental caries in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Subramaniam
- Principal, Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, India
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de Campos MM, Kobayashi FY, Barbosa TDS, Costa SDS, Lucas BDL, Castelo PM. Characteristics of salivary secretion in normal-weight, overweight and obese children: a preliminary study. Odontology 2013; 102:318-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-013-0103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Filipi K, Halackova Z, Filipi V. Oral health status, salivary factors and microbial analysis in patients with active gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Int Dent J 2011; 61:231-7. [PMID: 21851356 DOI: 10.1111/j.1875-595x.2011.00063.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To present a complex oral health status including salivary factors, microbial analysis and periodontal and hygiene indices in patients with active gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). Return of stomach contents is quite common in cases of gastro-oesophageal reflux. Pathological acid movement from the stomach into the oesophagus and oral cavity may lead to a development of dental erosion. Long-lasting untreated GORD may damage hard dental and periodontal tissues and alter the oral microbial environment. The quality and amount of the saliva play an important role in hard and soft oral tissues changes. METHOD Fifty patients with diagnosed GORD using 24-hour pH manometry underwent dental examination; 24 patients had active GORD and had been waiting for surgical therapy. In this patient group oral health status and salivary analysis were evaluated. RESULTS Indicated low salivary flow rates and buffering capacity with a low caries risk but a high risk for dental erosion progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Filipi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, St Anna's Faculty Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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