1
|
Vijayaram S, Razafindralambo H, Ghafarifarsani H, Sun YZ, Hoseinifar SH, Van Doan H. Synergetic response on herbal and probiotic applications: a review. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1315-1329. [PMID: 38411877 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Herbs and their by-products are important traditional medicines and food supplements; they provide numerous beneficial effects for animals. Consequently, probiotics are living cell organisms, nontoxic, and friendly microbes. Probiotics have numerous beneficial activities such as inhibition of pathogens, enhancement of the immune system, growth, disease resistance, improving water quality, reducing toxic effects, synthesis of vitamins, prevention of cancer, reduction of irritable bowel syndrome, and more positive responses in animals. Herbal and probiotic combinations have more active responses and produce new substances to enhance beneficial responses in animals. Herbal and probiotic mixture report is still limited applications for animals. However, the mechanisms by which they interact with the immune system and gut microbiota in animals are largely unclear. This review provides some information on the effect of herbal and probiotic blend on animals. This review discusses current research advancements to fulfill research gaps and promote effective and healthy animal production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seerengaraj Vijayaram
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hary Razafindralambo
- ProBioLab, Campus Universitaire de La Faculté de Gembloux AgroBio Tech/Université de Liège, B5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hamed Ghafarifarsani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yun-Zhang Sun
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Functional Feed Innovation Center (FuncFeed), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lan R, Wu F, Wang Y, Lin Z, Wang H, Zhang J, Zhao Z. Chitosan oligosaccharide improves intestinal function by promoting intestinal development, alleviating intestinal inflammatory response, and enhancing antioxidant capacity in broilers aged d 1 to 14. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103381. [PMID: 38157786 PMCID: PMC10790092 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) supplementation on intestinal development and functions, inflammatory response, antioxidant capacity and the related signaling pathways in broilers aged d 1 to 14. A total of 240 one-day old male Arbor Acres broilers (40.47 ± 0.30 g) were randomly allotted to 4 groups, and each group consisted of 6 replicate pens with 10 broilers per replicate. Broilers fed a basal diet supplementation with COS at 0 (CON group), 200 (COS200 group), 400 (COS400 group), and 800 mg/kg (COS800 group) for 14 d, respectively. Broilers in the COS supplementation groups had no significant effects on growth performance. Compared to the CON group, dietary COS supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the relative weight of duodenum, jejunal lipase activity, duodenal and ileal villus surface area, and lower (P < 0.05) ileal amylase and alkaline phosphatase activity, and crypt depth. The expression level of duodenal glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), Na+-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), peptide transporter 1 (PepT1), occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and interleukin-10 (IL-10), jejunal SGLT1, PepT1, occludin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and ileal SGLT1, PepT1, and fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1) was upregulated by COS. However, the expression level of duodenal FABP1 and TNF-α, jejunal GLUT1, ZO-1, TLR4, MyD88, nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (NF-κB p65), and IL-1β, and ileal GLUT1, NF-κB p65, and IL-1β was downregulated by COS. Furthermore, dietary COS supplementation increased duodenal catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity, jejunal CAT and T-SOD activity, upregulated the expression level of duodenal nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), and copper and zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), jejunal CAT, and ileal Nrf2, CAT, and GPX1. These results suggested that COS could promote intestinal development and functions in broilers aged d 1 to 14, which might be mediated by alleviating intestinal inflammatory response and enhancing antioxidant capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Lan
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524-088, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524-088, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524-088, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ziwei Lin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524-088, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Haoxuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524-088, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524-088, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524-088, Guangdong, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ahmad F, Sultan A, Khan S, Ali M, Ali I, Abdullah H, Suliman GM, Swelum AA. Effect of citrus peeling (Citrus sinensis) on production performance, humoral immunity, nutrients, and energy utilization of broiler quails. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103207. [PMID: 37931398 PMCID: PMC10654238 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus citrus peeling has a wide range of vitamins and trace minerals that have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. It is hypothesized that the addition of citrus peeling to broiler quail diets can improve their production performance, humoral immunity, nutrients, and energy utilization. A trial was performed to study the impact of a methanolic extract of citrus peeling (Citrus sinensis) on production performance, humoral immunity, nutrients, and energy utilization of broiler quails. A healthy day-old 300 quails were randomly assigned with 5 replicates each replicate had 15 birds and used CRD for the trial. Different dietary supplementations were presented to different groups. The control group was not supplemented with any supplementation in their feed. While, the 3 other groups were supplemented by 0.5 mL/kg, 1 mL/kg, and 1.5 mL/kg of methanolic extract of dried Citrus sinensis peel (DCSP) in the basal diet (DCSP0.5, DCSP1, and DCSP1.5 groups, respectively). All the birds were allowed ad libitum feeding and water. The feed intake and FCR were significantly higher in the control group, followed by DCSP0.5, and then DCSP1. The significantly lowest feed intake and FCR were observed in the DCSP1.5 group. The weight gain and dressing % were significantly improved with the increasing level of methanolic extract of Citrus sinensis. The significantly highest weights of thymus, spleen, and bursa were recorded in the DCSP1.5 group, followed by the DCSP1. The antibody titers against infectious bursal disease, New Castle disease, and infectious bronchitis disease were significantly higher in the DCSP1.5, DCSP1, and DCSP0.5 groups than in the control group. It was concluded from the study that supplementation of quails with methanolic extract of citrus at a dose rate of 0.5 to 1.5 mL/kg of feed can improve feed intake, weight gain, FCR, dressing percentage, relative weight of lymphoid organs, and digestibility coefficient. Supplementation of Citrus sinensis has also concluded positive impacts on antibody titers against various viral diseases. The best improvement in the evaluated parameters was observed at a dose of extract of citrus was 1.5 mL/kg of feed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Ahmad
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Asad Sultan
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sarzamin Khan
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Majid Ali
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ali
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Abdullah
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gamaleldin M Suliman
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Villar-Patiño G, Camacho-Rea MDC, Olvera-García ME, Baltazar-Vázquez JC, Gómez-Verduzco G, Téllez G, Labastida A, Ramírez-Pérez AH. Effect of an Alliaceae Encapsulated Extract on Growth Performance, Gut Health, and Intestinal Microbiota in Broiler Chickens Challenged with Eimeria spp. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3884. [PMID: 38136921 PMCID: PMC10740721 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the effects of an Alliaceae encapsulated extract (AE-e) on daily gain (ADG), feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), oocysts per gram of feces (OPG), intestinal lesion (LS), and microbiota composition in broilers challenged with Eimeria spp. A total of 4800 one day Cobb-500 were allotted into 10 treatment groups with 12 replicates of 40 birds in a 2 × 4 + 2 factorial arrangement. The first factor was non-challenged (NC) or challenged (C), the second was four levels of AE-e added in the basal diet, 0 (AE0), 250 (AE250), 500 (AE500), and 750 mg·kg-1 (AE750), plus two ionophore controls, non-challenged (NC-Ion) and challenged (C-Ion). No interactions were observed between factors (NC0, NC250, NC500, NC750, C0, C250, C500, and C750), while C-Ion improved FCR at 21 d. The challenge affected negatively ADG and FCR and promoted enteropathogens in cecum. AE750 improved FCR in the finisher and cumulative phases, while C-Ion had fewer total OPG than C0 and C250. Likewise, at 21d, C250, C500, and C-Ion had fewer LS than C0, while at 28 d, C750 showed lower than C-Ion. In the cecum microbiota, C500 had more Ruminococcus, Firmicutes b, and Intestinimonas than C-Ion. In summary, AE-e showed beneficial results in broilers infected with Eimeria spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Villar-Patiño
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud y de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
- Grupo Nutec, Avenida de las Fuentes No. 14, Parque Industrial Bernardo Quintana, El Marqués 76246, Querétaro, Mexico;
| | - María del Carmen Camacho-Rea
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Myrna Elena Olvera-García
- Grupo Nutec, Avenida de las Fuentes No. 14, Parque Industrial Bernardo Quintana, El Marqués 76246, Querétaro, Mexico;
| | - Julio César Baltazar-Vázquez
- Specialized Animal Nutrition Research Network, Grupo Nutec, La Valla, San Juan del Río 76814, Querétaro, Mexico;
| | - Gabriela Gómez-Verduzco
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | - Guillermo Téllez
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Aurora Labastida
- OMICs Analysis, Camino a Xilotepetl No. 45, Tepoztlán 62520, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Aurora Hilda Ramírez-Pérez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pawar NA, Prakash C, Kohli MPS, Jamwal A, Dalvi RS, Devi BN, Singh SK, Gupta S, Lende SR, Sontakke SD, Gupta S, Jadhao SB. Fructooligosaccharide and Bacillus subtilis synbiotic combination promoted disease resistance, but not growth performance, is additive in fish. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11345. [PMID: 37443328 PMCID: PMC10345097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Species diversification from major to minor carps for their sturdiness and initial higher growth, and also a quest for antibiotic-free aqua farming in the subcontinent, mandates search for and evaluation of alternatives. An experiment was performed to investigate the potential of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and Bacillus subtilis (BS) (alone or as synbiotics) in promoting growth and immunity against infections in Labeo fimbriatus fingerlings. Six iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets containing combinations of two levels of FOS (0% and 0.5%) and three levels of BS (0, 104, 106 CFU/g feed) were fed to fish for 60 days. At the end of the feeding trial, twenty-four fish from each group were injected intra-peritoneally with pathogenic strain of Aeromonas hydrophila O:18 to test the immunoprotective efficacy of the supplements against bacterial infection. BS, but not FOS, significantly improved (P < 0.05) growth and feed utilisation attributes like percentage weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). There were interactive effects of FOS and BS on PWG, SGR and FCR; however, the effects were not additive in nature. These beneficial effects of BS, alone or in combination with FOS, were corroborated by increased protease activity, microvilli density and diameter and number of goblet cells. Overall beneficial effects of FOS and BS included improved erythrocyte (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), total protein and globulin levels. Total leucocyte (WBC) count and immunological parameters like respiratory burst activity of leucocytes (NBT reduction), lysozyme activity, albumin: globulin ratio and post-challenge survival were significantly improved by both FOS and BS, and their dietary combination yielded the highest improvement in these parameters. Synergistic effects of FOS and BS as dietary supplements indicate that a combination of 106 CFU/g BS and 0.5% FOS is optimal to improve growth, feed utilisation, immune functions, and disease resistance in L. fimbriatus fingerlings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Anil Pawar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
- ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mumbai Centre, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Chandra Prakash
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | | | - Ankur Jamwal
- Centre for Climate Change & Sustainability, Azim Premji University, Bengaluru, 562125, India
| | | | - B Nightingale Devi
- Colleges of Fisheries, Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu University, Raipur, 491995, India
| | - Soibam Khogen Singh
- College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, 799210, India
| | - Shobha Gupta
- Annasaheb Vartak College (University of Mumbai), Mumbai, 401202, India
| | - Smit Ramesh Lende
- Center of Excellence in Aquaculture, Kamdhenu University, Ukai, 394680, India
| | - Sadanand D Sontakke
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Subodh Gupta
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Señas-Cuesta R, Stein A, Latorre JD, Maynard CJ, Hernandez-Velasco X, Petrone-Garcia V, Greene ES, Coles M, Gray L, Laverty L, Martin K, Loeza I, Uribe AJ, Martínez BC, Angel-Isaza JA, Graham D, Owens CM, Hargis BM, Tellez-Isaias G. The effects of essential oil from Lippia origanoides and herbal betaine on performance, intestinal integrity, bone mineralization and meat quality in broiler chickens subjected to cyclic heat stress. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1184636. [PMID: 37324386 PMCID: PMC10266421 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1184636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EO) affect performance, intestinal integrity, bone mineralization, and meat quality in broiler chickens subjected to cyclic heat stress (HS). Day-of-hatch Cobb 500 male broiler chicks (n = 475) were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1: No heat stress (Thermoneutral) + control diets with no antibiotics; Group 2: heat stress control + control diets; Group 3: heat stress + control diets supplemented with thymol chemotype (45 ppm) and herbal betaine (150 ppm) formulation EO1; Group 4: heat stress + control diets supplemented with phellandrene (45 ppm) and herbal betaine (150 ppm) formulation EO2. From day 10-42, the heat stress groups were exposed to cyclic HS at 35°C for 12 h (8:00-20:00). BW, BWG, FI, and FCRc were measured at d 0, 10, 28, and 42. Chickens were orally gavaged with FITC-d on days 10 (before heat stress) and 42. Morphometric analysis of duodenum and ileum samples and bone mineralization of tibias were done. Meat quality was assessed on day 43 with ten chickens per pen per treatment. Heat stress reduced BW by day 28 (p < 0.05) compared to thermoneutral chickens. At the end of the trial, chickens that received both formulations of EO1 and EO2 had significantly higher BW than HS control chickens. A similar trend was observed for BWG. FCRc was impaired by EO2 supplementation. There was a significant increase in total mortality in EO2 compared with EO1 EO1 chickens had lower FITC-d concentrations at day 42 than the HS control. In addition, EO1 treatment is not statistically different if compared to EO2 and thermoneutral. Control HS broilers had significantly lower tibia breaking strength and total ash at day 42 than heat-stressed chickens supplemented with EO1 and EO2. Heat stress affected intestinal morphology more than thermoneutral chickens. EO1 and EO2 improved intestinal morphology in heat-stressed chickens. Woody breast and white striping were more common in thermoneutral chickens than heat stress chickens. In conclusion, the EO-containing diet could improve broiler chicken growth during cyclic heat stress, becoming increasingly relevant in antibiotic-free production in harsh climates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Señas-Cuesta
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Andressa Stein
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Juan D. Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Clay J. Maynard
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Victor Petrone-Garcia
- Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán UNAM, Cuautitlán, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth S. Greene
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Makenly Coles
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Latasha Gray
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Lauren Laverty
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Kristen Martin
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Ileana Loeza
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | | | | | | | - Danielle Graham
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Casey M. Owens
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Billy M. Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Villar-Patiño G, Camacho-Rea MDC, Olvera-García ME, Soria-Soria A, Baltazar-Vázquez JC, Gómez-Verduzco G, Solano L, Téllez G, Ramírez-Pérez AH. The Effect of Encapsulated Propyl Propane Thiosulfonate (PTSO) on Apparent Ileal Digestibility and Productive Performance in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061123. [PMID: 36978663 PMCID: PMC10044627 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the effects of different dietary doses of encapsulated propyl propane thiosulfonate (Pe-PTSO) on the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients and productive performance in broilers. A total of 100 one-day-old Cobb 500 were housed in battery cages for 20 days. At 10 days of age, the birds were assigned to one of five diets: negative control (P0), 250 mg/kg of Pe-PTSO (P250), 500 mg/kg of Pe-PTSO (P500), 750 mg/kg of Pe-PTSO (P750), and positive control, nicarbazin-narasin (ION). Titanium dioxide was the external marker, which was added to the diets from day 17 to 20. In the birds fed the P250 diet, there was a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in the AID values for amino acids and energy compared to those that consumed the P0 diet. Furthermore, the P250 diet significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) the average daily weight gain compared to the P0 diet. No significant differences were observed between treatments in average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio. In summary, the inclusion of 250 mg of encapsulated PTSO per kg in broiler chickens diet improved the digestibility of amino acids and energy, as well as weight gain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Villar-Patiño
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud y de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Grupo Nutec, El Marqués, Querétaro 76246, Mexico
| | - María Del Carmen Camacho-Rea
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Gabriela Gómez-Verduzco
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Solano
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Téllez
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Aurora Hilda Ramírez-Pérez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Q, Zhang S, Wu S, Madsen MH, Shi S. Supplementing the early diet of broilers with soy protein concentrate can improve intestinal development and enhance short-chain fatty acid-producing microbes and short-chain fatty acids, especially butyric acid. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:97. [PMID: 36071469 PMCID: PMC9454139 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00749-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research on nutrition in early-life commonly focuses on the maturation of the intestine because the intestinal system is crucial for ensuring continued growth. To explore the importance of early nutrition regulation in animals, soy protein concentrate (SPC) was added to the early diet of broilers to investigate its effects on amino acid digestibility, intestinal development, especially intestinal microorganisms, and broiler metabolites. A total of 192 one-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) male broilers were randomly assigned to two experimental treatments with 8 replicates of 12 birds. The control group was fed a basal diet (control), and the treatment group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 12% SPC (SPC12) during the first 10 d (starter phase). From d 11 to 21 (grower phase) and d 22 to 42 (finisher phase), a basal diet was fed to both treatment groups. Results SPC reduced the pH value and acid-binding capacity of the starter diet (P < 0.05, d 10); SPC in the early diet enhanced the gizzard weight (P < 0.05, d 10 and d 42) and the ileum weight (P < 0.05, d 10) and decreased the weight and length of the jejunum (P < 0.05, d 10) and the relative length of the duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05, d 10). At the same time, SPC enhanced villus height (P < 0.05, d 10) and muscle thickness in the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05, d 10) and increased the number of goblet cells in the duodenum (P < 0.05, d 10). Meanwhile, SPC increased the Chao1 index and the ACE index (P < 0.05, d 10) and altered the composition of caecal microflora at d 10. SPC also increased the relative abundance of Alistipes, Anaerotruncus, Erysipelatoclostridium, Intestinimonas and Flavonifractor bacteria (P < 0.05, d 10). At the same time, the concentrations of caecal butyric acid and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were also increased in the SPC12 group (P < 0.05, d 10). Conclusions In summary, the results showed that supplementing the starter diet of broilers with SPC has a significant effect on the early development of the intestine and the microflora. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-022-00749-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Zhang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Yangzhou, 225125, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Yangzhou, 225125, China
| | - Shu Wu
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Yangzhou, 225125, China
| | | | - Shourong Shi
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Yangzhou, 225125, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim YJ, Youk S, Song CS. Effectiveness of Administering a Mixture of Lactic Acid Bacteria to Control Salmonella ser. Enteritidis Infections in Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030374. [PMID: 35158697 PMCID: PMC8833628 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Salmonella infection is one of the main causes of food poisoning through poultry consumption. Among the various methods used to control this infection, the use of lactic acid bacteria is economical, with little risk of developing antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We selected three Lactobacillus spp. capable of inhibiting Salmonella proliferation in vitro and administered their mixture to 1-day-old chicks to investigate their effect. We suggest that the Lactobacillus mixture formulated in this study aids in protecting poultry farms from Salmonella contamination, further securing food safety. Abstract Non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. cause persistent asymptomatic infections in poultry. The consumption of Salmonella-infected poultry products is associated with food poisoning. One of the pathogens that causes such infections is Salmonella ser. Enteritidis (SE). Therefore, alternative measures are required for better control of salmonellosis and to reduce potential antibiotic use. Here, the efficacy of a mixture of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), formulated based on competitive exclusion, was evaluated. The LAB mixture was administered to 1- to 20-day-old chickens using different schemes; the chickens were then inoculated with an SE strain, which was previously identified to be prevalent in broiler breeder farms. Even with short-term administration, the group treated with LAB exhibited lower SE isolation levels in the spleen and cecal content and greater weight gain than that in the control group. This protective efficacy of LAB was retained even after two weeks without LAB administration. According to the results of animal experiments and field tests, evidence of SE infection was absent after treatment of the animals with the LAB formulation used in this study. Thus, this LAB mixture can be used as a potential strategy for protecting poultry farms from Salmonella contamination. This will also help reduce potential antibiotic use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Sungsu Youk
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Diseases, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA;
| | - Chang-Seon Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea;
- KCAV Co., Ltd., Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3437-1940
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim YB, Nawarathne SR, Cho HM, Hong JS, Heo JM, Son J. Feeding a calcium-enriched fatty acid could ameliorate the growth
performance of broilers under the chronic heat stress. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:84-96. [PMID: 35174344 PMCID: PMC8819326 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of calcium-enriched fatty
acid supplementation on the growth performance, blood metabolites, intestinal
morphology, carcass traits, and nutrient digestibility of broilers subjected to
chronic heat stress. A total of 210 one-day-old broiler chicks (40.12 ±
0.25 g) were randomly allocated to one of five dietary treatments, to obtain six
replicates per treatment. Broilers were subjected to chronic heat stress from
day 21 to day 35, post-hatching, at 34°C for 9 h per day. The body weight
(BW) and feed intake of the experimental broilers were recorded weekly, and the
average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated
accordingly. Rectal temperature was measured to compare the basal body
temperatures between individuals, and blood samples were collected on days 21
and 35 to evaluate basal body temperature, serum total cholesterol, and the
triglyceride content of the broilers. On days 21 and 35, one broiler from each
cage (n=6) was euthanized to measure carcass trait parameters, nutrient
digestibility in digesta, and intestinal morphology. On days 14, 28, and 35, the
broilers fed 2.0% calcium-enriched fatty acids had higher BW (p
< 0.05) than those fed the other diets. However, no differences
(p > 0.05) were found in the average daily feed
intake (ADFI) between dietary treatments over the 35 experimental days. On the
other hand, on day 21, post-hatching, the broilers fed the 2.0% calcium-enriched
fatty acid diet had improved (p < 0.05) dietary feed
efficiencies compared to the other treatments. On day 28, the broilers fed the
5.0% of calcium-enriched fatty acid diet also had higher (p
< 0.05) dietary feed efficiencies than those fed with the other dietary
treatments. No effects (p > 0.05) on carcass weight,
nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, or blood parameters were found
between broilers fed with dietary treatments. This study demonstrated that the
inclusion of an additive, containing 2.0% calcium-enriched fatty acid, to
broiler diet could ameliorate the negative growth performance of broilers; and
no interaction (p > 0.05) was observed between the
calcium-enriched fatty acid and nutrient digestibility, digestive anatomy, blood
metabolism, and carcass traits of broilers subjected to chronic heat stress
conditions for 35 days post-hatching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bin Kim
- Department of Animal Science and
Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Shan Randima Nawarathne
- Department of Animal Science and
Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Hyun Min Cho
- Department of Animal Science and
Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Jun Seon Hong
- Department of Animal Science and
Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Jung Min Heo
- Department of Animal Science and
Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
- Corresponding author: Jung Min Heo, Department of
Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea., Tel: +82-42-821 5777, E-mail:
| | - Jiseon Son
- Department of Animal Science and
Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
- Poultry Research Institute, National
Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration,
Pyeongchang 25342, Korea
- Corresponding author: Jiseon Son, Poultry Research
Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development
Administration, Pyeongchang 25342, Korea., Tel: +82-33-330-9560, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Combinatorial Effect of Dietary Oregano Extracts and 3,4,5-Trihydroxy Benzoic Acid on Growth Performance and Elimination of Coccidiosis in Broiler Chickens. J Poult Sci 2022; 59:233-246. [PMID: 35989693 PMCID: PMC9346594 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0210116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to compare the combinatorial effect of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (THB) and oregano extracts (OE) with THB alone on the growth performance and elimination of deleterious effects in coccidiosis-infected broilers. A total of 210 one-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments, with six replicates each, for 35 days. Dietary treatments were: 1) non-challenged, non-treated (NC); 2) challenged, non-treated (PC); 3) PC+ Salinomycin (0.05 g/kg; AB); 4) PC+THB (0.1 g/kg; THB); and 5) PC+THB+OE (0.1 g/kg; COM). On day 14, all groups except for NC were challenged with a 10-fold dose of Livacox® T anticoccidial vaccine to induce mild coccidiosis. All treatments significantly improved (P<0.05) body weight, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake, compared to PC, on days 21, 28, and 35. However, all treatments significantly reduced (P<0.05) the feed conversion ratio of PC by more than 14.60% on day 35, 11.76% during growing period, and 10.36% through the entire period. Broilers receiving anticoccidial treatments had 54.23% and 51.86% lower lesion scores (P<0.05) at 4 and 7 days post-infection, respectively, compared to PC. Additionally, the villus height of COM was significantly longer (P < 0.05) than that of THB. Although the molecular action of COM remains unclear, OE addition to THB reduced the shedding of oocysts better than THB alone (P<0.05, 9-11 days post-infection). Most importantly, COM effectively minimized the mortality of challenged birds from as high as 11.90% (PC) to 0%, a level similar to NC and AB, while THB maintained a mortality of 2.38%. In conclusion, the anticoccidial effect of THB can be enhanced by the addition of OE for better animal performance and the elimination of deleterious effects from coccidiosis-infected broilers for 35 days.
Collapse
|
12
|
Namted S, Poungpong K, Loongyai W, Rakangthong C, Bunchasak C. Improving growth performance and blood profile by feeding autolyzed yeast to improve pork carcass and meat quality. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13666. [PMID: 34873796 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The 63 commercial pigs were divided into three groups consisting of seven replicates of three piglets each. The experimental diets were (1) control diet, (2) diet with autolyzed yeast (AY) 0.5%, and (3) diet with AY 1.0%. Compared to the control group, using AY 0.5% in the diet reduced average daily feed intake (ADFI) and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.05). The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N/L) in blood decreased with the addition of AY 0.5% (p < 0.05). The pH at 6-h postmortem of meat in the 0.5% AY diet group was higher than for the control group (p < 0.05). Backfat thickness (p = 0.09) and P2-backfat thickness (p = 0.07) tended to decrease, while the fat free index (FFI; p = 0.07) tended to increase with 0.5% AY supplementation. The protein percentage (p = 0.07) and the a* value (redness) (p = 0.08) in the meat tended to increase, and the springiness increased with 0.5% AY supplementation (p < 0.05). An appropriate level of AY supplementation can impact positively on the physiological functions in swine with a consequent seems to improve in qualitative traits of the meat quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Namted
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanokporn Poungpong
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wiriya Loongyai
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Choawit Rakangthong
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chaiyapoom Bunchasak
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Investigation of Citric Acid By-Products from Rice Produced by Microbial Fermentation on Growth Performance and Villi Histology of Thai Broiler Chicken (KKU 1). Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8110284. [PMID: 34822657 PMCID: PMC8621664 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8110284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted with Thai broiler chicken (KKU 1) to investigate the effect of citric acid by-products from rice (CABR) on growth performance and villi histology. A total of 192 broiler chicks were subject to three dietary treatments, including 0% CABR, 3% and 6% of dry matter. Body weight gains, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, survival rate, and production index (body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, survival rates, and productive index, respectively) were considered for growth performance evaluation. Villi height (µm), crypt depth (µm), and villi: crypt ratio were recorded for the villi histological measurement. The performance did not show a significant effect when compared with the control group during at ages ranging from 1 to 56 days. Villi histology indicate a significant effect on villi height (µm), crypt depth (µm), and villi: crypt of broiler chicks compared with the control group. Also, the use of 3% CABR caused a reduction microbial contamination in chicken fecal matter. In conclusion, supplementation of CABR had no negative effects on growth performance of Thai broiler chicken (KKU 1). Also, the addition of 3% CABR to the feed might help reduce fecal microbial contamination and affect the villi histology of Thai broiler chickens (KKU 1).
Collapse
|
14
|
Modulation of Intestinal Histology by Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics Delivered In Ovo in Distinct Chicken Genotypes. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113293. [PMID: 34828024 PMCID: PMC8614360 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics are biologically active substances that are commonly used in poultry feeding as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. It was found that they could improve the intestinal microstructure as well as the health status and productivity of animals. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics administrated in ovo on the 12th day of embryonic development on selected morphological parameters of the small intestine in broiler and native chickens. After hatching, the chicks were placed in pens and housed for 42 days. On the last day of the experiment, all birds were individually weighed and slaughtered, and samples for histological analysis were taken from the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The following parameters were determined: the height, width and surface area of the villi, the thickness of the muscular layer and the depth of the crypts, as well as the ratio of the villi height to the crypt depth. Based on the obtained data, it can be concluded that the substances used have an impact on the production parameters and intestinal morphology in various utility types of poultry. In addition, the obtained results indicate that chickens with different genotypes react differently to a given substance; therefore, the substances should be chosen in relation to the genotype. Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the effect of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics administered in ovo on selected morphological parameters of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) in broiler chickens (Ross 308) and native chickens (Green-legged Partridge, GP). On the 12th day of embryonic development (the incubation period), an aqueous solution of a suitable bioactive substance was supplied in ovo to the egg’s air cell: probiotic—Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris (PRO), prebiotic—GOS, galacto-oligosaccharides (PRE) or symbiotic—GOS + Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris (SYN). Sterile saline was injected into control (CON) eggs. After hatching, the chicks were placed in pens (8 birds/pen, 4 replicates/group) and housed for 42 days. On the last day of the experiment, all birds were individually weighed and slaughtered. Samples for histological analysis were taken directly after slaughter from three sections of the small intestine. In samples from the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, the height and width of the intestinal villi (VH) were measured and their area (VA) was calculated, the depth of the intestinal crypts (CD) was determined, the thickness of the muscularis was measured and the ratio of the villus height to the crypt depth (V/C) was calculated. On the basis of the obtained data, it can be concluded that the applied substances administered in ovo affect the production parameters and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens and GP. The experiment showed a beneficial effect of in ovo stimulation with a prebiotic on the final body weight of Ross 308 compared to CON, while the effect of the administered substances on the intestinal microstructure is not unequivocal. In GP, the best effect in terms of villi height and V/C ratio was found in the in ovo synbiotic group. Taking into account the obtained results, it can be concluded that chickens of different genotypes react differently to a given substance; therefore, the substances should be adapted to the genotype.
Collapse
|
15
|
Gao CQ, Shi HQ, Xie WY, Zhao LH, Zhang JY, Ji C, Ma QG. Dietary supplementation with acidifiers improves the growth performance, meat quality and intestinal health of broiler chickens. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:762-769. [PMID: 34466680 PMCID: PMC8379291 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary supplementation with acidifiers on the growth performance, meat quality, and intestinal health of broiler chickens. A total of 648 male Arbor Acres broiler chickens at 1 d old were randomly divided into 6 groups, and each group consisted of 6 replicates with 18 broilers per replicate. The dietary treatments were as follows: negative control (NC, the basal diet), NC + antibiotic (enramycin, 8 mg/kg, positive control [PC]), NC + phosphoric acid (PA, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 g/kg), and NC + lactic acid (LA, 0.3 g/kg). The feeding trial lasted for 42 d. The results showed that the feed-to-gain ratio of the NC + acidifier groups was lower than that of the NC and PC groups from 1 to 42 d (P < 0.05). Compared with the values in the NC group, the pH of breast muscle was significantly higher in the NC + PA (0.2 g/kg) and LA (0.3 g/kg) groups (P < 0.05), and the cooking loss was lower in the breast muscle of the NC + PA (0.1 g/kg) and LA (0.3 g/kg) groups (P < 0.05). In addition, the shear force of the breast muscle and thigh muscle and the pH value in the crop, gizzard and duodenum of the antibiotic and acidifier groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Moreover, the trypsin, chymotrypsin, and lipase activities of the duodenum in the NC + PA (0.2 and 0.3 g/kg) groups, as well as the villus height-to-crypt depth (VH:CD) ratio of the duodenum in the NC + PA (0.1 g/kg) group was significantly greater (P < 0.05) compared with those in the NC group. Meanwhile, the number of total aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella in the cecum of the NC + PA (0.1 g/kg) and LA (0.3 g/kg) groups were decreased (P < 0.05). Collectively, diet supplementation with acidifiers could improve the growth performance, meat quality, and intestinal health of broilers, in which the effects of PA (0.1 g/kg and 0.2 g/kg) are better than the other supplementations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Qi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui-Qin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wen-Yan Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Li-Hong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian-Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiu-Gang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Emili Vinolya R, Balakrishnan U, Yasir B, Chandrasekar S. Effect of dietary supplementation of acidifiers and essential oils on growth performance and intestinal health of broiler. J APPL POULTRY RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2021.100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
17
|
Rivera-Pérez W, Barquero-Calvo E, Chaves AJ. Effect of the use of probiotic Bacillus subtilis (QST 713) as a growth promoter in broilers: an alternative to bacitracin methylene disalicylate. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101372. [PMID: 34364120 PMCID: PMC8353351 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The global poultry trend toward the more responsible use of antibiotics is becoming recurrent and has demanded the need to generate new natural alternatives. Probiotics have gained importance as an option to use as growth promoters. This study aimed to evaluate Bacillus subtillis QST713 as a substitute for an antibiotic growth promoter (BMD). A total of 150 male broilers were assigned to three dietary treatments: 1) control diet (CO), 2) control diet + 500 g/t of BMD (AGP), and 3) control diet + 100 g/t of B. subtilis QST713 (PB), respectively. Each treatment was monitored for 5 wk for the productive variables: body weight, accumulated feed consumption, food conversion, and European efficiency factor. At the end of each week, fresh fecal samples were cultured and quantified for E. coli, Enterococcus spp., and Lactobacillus spp. At the end of the trial, blood samples were analyzed for hemogram and intestinal samples (anterior portion) for histomorphometry. The data were statistically analyzed with an analysis of variance and subjected to a least significant difference test (Tukey). The zootechnical yields were similar in the AGP and PB groups (P ˃ 0.05); both superior to the control group. In the hematological profiles, no difference was observed between the experimental groups. E. coli and Enterococcus counts were significantly lower (P ˂ 0.05), and Lactobacillus counts were significantly (P ˂ 0.05) higher in the PB group, relative to CO and AGP groups. No differences (P ˃ 0.05) were found in bacterial counts between the CO and AGP groups. The intestinal mucosa and villi in the PB group were significantly (P ˂ 0.05) longer and with less deeper crypts than CO and AGP groups. We conclude that B. subtillis QST713, used at the suggested commercial dose (100 g/ton), is an effective growth-promoting alternative to BMD that modulates the microbiota and intestinal architecture, thus producing zootechnical yields consistent with BMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Rivera-Pérez
- Tropical Diseases Research Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 40104, Costa Rica; Avian Pathology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 40104, Costa Rica
| | - Elías Barquero-Calvo
- Tropical Diseases Research Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 40104, Costa Rica
| | - Aida J Chaves
- Avian Pathology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 40104, Costa Rica.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nwachukwu CU, Aliyu KI, Ewuola EO. Growth indices, intestinal histomorphology, and blood profile of rabbits fed probiotics- and prebiotics-supplemented diets. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab096. [PMID: 34316539 PMCID: PMC8309950 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In a 12-week feeding trial, 32 rabbits (Chinchilla × New Zealand White; 56 days old; 691 ± 1 g body weight) were used to investigate the effect of pro- and prebiotics as growth enhancer on the growth performance, intestinal mucosal development, hematological and serum biochemical responses of rabbits. The dietary Biotronic® prebiotics and Biovet®-YC probiotics were added at 400 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, respectively. The rabbits were housed individually and randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (n = 8/group; 50:50 bucks to does) including a control diet (diet 1), diet 2 (control + Biotronic® prebiotics), diet 3 (control + Biovet®-YC probiotics) and diet 4 (control + symbiotics [Biotronic® prebiotics and Biovet®-YC probiotics]). Body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were monitored. Five rabbits per treatment were used for organ assessment and intestinal histomorphology after feeding trial. Blood samples were collected for hematological and serum biochemical analysis. Results showed that supplementation of Biotronic® prebiotics and symbiotics in rabbit diet significantly (P < 0.05) increased final BW and ADG compared to Biovet®-YC probiotic and control diets. Kidney, lung, esophagus, gastro-intestinal tract, small and large intestines were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by dietary treatments. Ileal mucosal assessment revealed that villus height (VH), villus width, villus density, crypt depth (CD), and VH:CD ratio of rabbits fed Biotronic® prebiotic and symbiotic diets were similar and significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those rabbits fed control and Biovet®-YC probiotic diets. Packed cell volume of rabbits fed symbiotic and control diets was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those fed Biotronic® prebiotic and Biovet®-YC probiotic diets. This study suggests that Biotronic® prebiotics and its combination with Biovet®-YC probiotics are good alternative growth promoting feed additives in rabbit nutrition. They improved performance, intestinal development and blood profiles and aid feed digestion, nutrient absorption and utilization in rabbits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinwe Uchechi Nwachukwu
- Department of Agricultural Science, School of Agriculture and Vocational Studies, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Owerri, Imo State, 460281, Nigeria
| | - Karimat Imam Aliyu
- Livestock Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Olubisi Ewuola
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Han H, Zhou Y, Liu Q, Wang G, Feng J, Zhang M. Effects of Ammonia on Gut Microbiota and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061716. [PMID: 34201291 PMCID: PMC8228959 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The composition and function of gut microbiota is crucial for the health of the host and closely related to animal growth performance. Factors that impact microbiota composition can also impact its productivity. Ammonia (NH3), one of the major contaminants in poultry houses, negatively affects poultry performance. However, the influence of ammonia on broiler intestinal microflora, and whether this influence is related to growth performance, has not been reported. Our results indicated that ammonia caused changes to cecal microflora of broilers, and these changes related to growth performance. Understanding the effects of ammonia on the intestinal microflora of broilers will be beneficial in making targeted decisions to minimize the negative effects of ammonia on broilers. Abstract In order to investigate the influence of ammonia on broiler intestinal microflora and growth performance of broiler chickens, 288 21-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers with a similar weight were randomly divided into four groups with different NH3 levels: 0 ppm, 15 ppm, 25 ppm, and 35 ppm. The growth performance of each group was recorded and analyzed. Additionally, 16s rRNA sequencing was performed on the cecal contents of the 0 ppm group and the 35 ppm group broilers. The results showed the following: a decrease in growth performance in broilers was observed after 35 ppm ammonia exposure for 7 days and 25 ppm ammonia exposure for 14 days. At phylum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria phylum was increased after 35 ppm ammonia exposure. At genus level, ammonia increased the relative abundance of Escherichia–Shigella and decreased the relative abundance of Butyricicoccus, Parasutterella, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-010, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013 and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-004. Negative correlation between Escherichia–Shigella and growth performance, and positive correlation between bacteria genera (including Butyricicoccus, Parasutterella, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-010, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013 and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-004) and growth performance was observed. In conclusion, ammonia exposure caused changes in the structure of cecal microflora, and several species were either positively or negatively correlated with growth performance. These findings will help enhance our understanding of the possible mechanism by which ammonia affect the growth of broilers.
Collapse
|
20
|
Gilani SMH, Rashid Z, Galani S, Ilyas S, Sahar S, Zahoor-ul-Hassan, Al-Ghanim K, Zehra S, Azhar A, Al-Misned F, Ahmed Z, Al-Mulham N, Mahboob S. Growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, gut microflora and ghrelin gene expression analysis of broiler by supplementing natural growth promoters: A nutrigenomics approach. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3438-3447. [PMID: 34121882 PMCID: PMC8176037 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In an epoch of escalating number of antibiotic-resistance bacteria, there is a dire need to develop efficient and novel feeding strategies for animal nutrition as alternatives to antibiotics. Here, implicating nutrigenomic approach, phytobiotics and organic acids were used to evaluate ghrelin gene expression levels, gut microflora composition, performance parameters and intestinal histomorphological changes in broiler chickens. One-day-old chicks (n = 315) were reared for 42 days and distributed randomly into five experimental groups; each with three replicates (21 birds per replicate). Experimental groups were control: basal diet only, antimicrobial growth promoter: 40 g/metric ton of basal diet (virginiamycin), organic acids: 4 kg/metric ton of basal diet, phytobiotics: 3 kg/metric ton of basal diet, combination: 7 kg/metric ton of basal diet (organic acids 4 kg and phytobiotics 3 kg metric ton of feed). Growth performance, histological and ghrelin gene expression analysis were executed on 21 and 42 days while, quantitative bacterial analysis of cecum and ileum was performed on day 42. Increased feed intake and body weight (p < 0.05) were noticed in phytobiotics group. Addition of phytobiotics significantly improved (p < 0.05) villus height and ratio of villus height/crypt depth in ileum, jejunum, and duodenum and down-regulated ghrelin gene expression levels. Total coliform and Escherichia coli in cecal and ileal digesta were decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in organic acids group. Correlation analysis revealed Lactobacillus spp. were positively correlated to villus height/crypt depth ration in duodenum. The findings indicated the importance of gene-nutrient-microbiota interactions based on nutrigenomics approach. Hence, phytobiotics and organic acids might be suitable alternatives to antibiotics for improved performance and immunity, along with healthier meat production in poultry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zubia Rashid
- Department of Bio-medical Engineering, Ziauddin University Faculty of Engineering, Science, Technology and Management, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saddia Galani
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sahar Ilyas
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Sahar
- Department of Agriculture and Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zahoor-ul-Hassan
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Al-Ghanim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sitwat Zehra
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Abid Azhar
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - F. Al-Misned
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Z. Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - N. Al-Mulham
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jha R, Mishra P. Dietary fiber in poultry nutrition and their effects on nutrient utilization, performance, gut health, and on the environment: a review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:51. [PMID: 33866972 PMCID: PMC8054369 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber (DF) was considered an antinutritional factor due to its adverse effects on feed intake and nutrient digestibility. However, with increasing evidence, scientists have found that DF has enormous impacts on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development, digestive physiology, including nutrient digestion, fermentation, and absorption processes of poultry. It may help maintain the small and large intestine's integrity by strengthening mucosal structure and functions and increasing the population and diversity of commensal bacteria in the GIT. Increasing DF content benefits digestive physiology by stimulating GIT development and enzyme production. And the inclusion of fiber at a moderate level in diets also alters poultry growth performance. It improves gut health by modulating beneficial microbiota in the large intestine and enhancing immune functions. However, determining the source, type, form, and level of DF inclusion is of utmost importance to achieve the above-noted benefits. This paper critically reviews the available information on dietary fibers used in poultry and their effects on nutrient utilization, GIT development, gut health, and poultry performance. Understanding these functions will help develop nutrition programs using proper DF at an appropriate inclusion level that will ultimately lead to enhanced DF utilization, overall health, and improved poultry growth performance. Thus, this review will help researchers and industry identify the sources, type, form, and amount of DF to be used in poultry nutrition for healthy, cost-effective, and eco-friendly poultry production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Jha
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
| | - Pravin Mishra
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Elhassan MMO, Ali AM, Kehlet AB, Ali OHA, Harrington D. The Response of Broiler Chicks to Dietary Supplementation with a Probiotic, Acidifiers Blend, and Their Combination. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - AM Ali
- King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - OHA Ali
- University of Khartoum, Sudan
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rattanawut J, Todsadee A, Rattanapun W. Supplemental effect of bamboo charcoal and bamboo vinegar, alone or in combination, on laying hen performance, egg quality, intestinal bacterial populations and alteration of intestinal villi. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.2007802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessada Rattanawut
- Faculty of Innovative Agriculture and Fishery Establishment Project, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Surat Thani, Thailand
| | - Areerat Todsadee
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Management Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Surat Thani, Thailand
| | - Wigunda Rattanapun
- Faculty of Innovative Agriculture and Fishery Establishment Project, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Surat Thani, Thailand
- Economic Plant of Surat Thani Province Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Surat Thani, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wickramasuriya SS, Macelline SP, Cho HM, Hong JS, Park SH, Heo JM. Physiological Effects of a Tallow-Incorporated Diet Supplemented With an Emulsifier and Microbial Lipases on Broiler Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:583998. [PMID: 33195607 PMCID: PMC7536262 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.583998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary emulsifiers and lipase supplementation on growth performance, blood metabolites, intestinal organ weight, gut morphology, nutrient digestibility, carcass measurements, and meat quality in broiler chickens. A total of 384, 1-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to one of eight dietary treatments arranged in a completely randomized design with 6 replications per treatment and 8 birds per cage. Diets were corn-soybean meal-based and formulated to meet the nutritional requirements for Ross 308 specifications. Beef tallow used as the fat source in all diets. Dietary treatments were as follows, (1) positive control (PC; energy sufficient diet); (2) negative control (NC; energy deficient,−100 ME, kcal/kg); (3) NC+POL (0.1%, Polysorbate-20); (4) NC+CET (0.1%, Ceteth-20); (5) NC+POL+TLL (0.1%, Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase); (6) NC+POL+CRL (0.1%, Candida rugosa lipases); (7) NC+CET+CRL and (8) NC+LL (0.05%, Lysolecithin). Growth performances were measured weekly. One bird per pen was selected and sacrificed to collect blood, ileal digesta, jejunum sample, viscera organ weight, and meat samples on day 21 and 35. Results revealed that birds fed NC+POL+CRL diet had higher (P < 0.05) body weight, weight gain, and the improved (P < 0.05) feed efficiency compared to birds fed other low energy diets, and the effect was more prominent at the grower phase from day 21 to 35. Similarly, higher (P < 0.05) villi height and lower (P < 0.05) crypt depth commensurate with higher (P < 0.05) V:C ratio were observed with the broiler chickens fed NC+POL+CRL diet compared to broiler chickens fed NC diet on day 21 and 35. Moreover, broiler chickens fed NC+POL+CRL diet showed improved fat and energy digestibility compared NC diet counterpart on day 35. This study, therefore indicated that Polysorbate-20 together with Candida rugosa lipases had promising ability to improve growth performance of broiler chickens fed with low energy diet and curtail the growth depression without affecting blood metabolites, carcass, and visceral organs weights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shemil Priyan Macelline
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hyun Min Cho
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jun Seon Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Jung Min Heo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ding B, Chen L, Lin H, Wang X, Zhang L, Ni X, Pirone A, Madigosky SR, Fronte B. Effects of inulin diet supplementation on production performance, gut traits, and incidence of ascites in Haidong chicks under hypoxic conditions. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:417-426. [PMID: 33152213 PMCID: PMC7961198 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Effects of inulin supplementation in diet of Haidong chicks under hypoxic conditions on production performance, intestinal morphologic change, microflora contents and the incidence of ascites were studied. Methods Commercial male chicks (360) were randomly divided into 6 groups and were fed diets supplemented with 0, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.125, and 0.15 g/kg of inulin, respectively. Results The body weight gain and feed intake were improved in chicks fed the diets supplemented with 0.1 and 0.125 g/kg of inulin, from d 1 to d 42 (p<0.05); moreover, blood parameters were positively affected when inulin was included in the diets and the thickness of the intestinal wall and muscle tissue in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum tended to increase (p<0.05), and the villi height and crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (p<0.05). Regarding the number of goblet cells in duodenum, jejunum and ileum tended to increase when chicks were fed the diets supplemented with 0.075, 0.1, 0.125, and 0.15 g/kg (p<0.05) of inulin. When chicks were fed diets supplemented with 0.75 or 0.1 g/kg of inulin, a significant reduction of Escherichia coli counts in the cecum was observed; for a contrary, a significant increment of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus was observed in cecum and ileum. Finally, supplementing the feed with inulin determined an overall reduction of ascites incidences in comparison to the control group. Conclusion Thus, the results observed in the present study clearly suggest that the diet supplementation with a quantity of inulin ranging between 0.1 and 0.125 g/kg, can improve growth performances, intestinal morphology, internal microbial balance and ascites incidence, in broiler chicks raised at high altitude area. Even though these findings may be of interest for the poultry industry, they may particularly be relevant in those areas characterized by high altitude such as Northwest China regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Lingyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Hao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Xiezhong Wang
- Qinghai Animal Disease Control Center, Xining 810001, China
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Qinghai Animal Disease Control Center, Xining 810001, China
| | - Xiaoming Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Andrea Pirone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stephen R Madigosky
- Department of Environmental Science and Biology, One University Place, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013, USA
| | - Baldassare Fronte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Small intestine morphology and ileal biogenic amines content in broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with lignocellulose. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
27
|
Abd El-Hack ME, El-Saadony MT, Shafi ME, Qattan SYA, Batiha GE, Khafaga AF, Abdel-Moneim AME, Alagawany M. Probiotics in poultry feed: A comprehensive review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1835-1850. [PMID: 32996177 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of antibiotics to maintain animal well-being, promote growth and improve efficiency has been practised for more than 50 years. However, as early as the 1950s, researchers identified concern on the development of resistant bacteria for the antibiotics streptomycin and tetracycline used in turkeys and broilers respectively. These findings laid the groundwork for agricultural officials to impose stricter regulatory parameters on the use of antibiotics in poultry feeds. Probiotics are live micro-organisms included in the diet of animals as feed additives or supplements. Commonly known as a direct-fed microbial, probiotics provide beneficial properties to the host, primarily through action in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the animal. Supplementation of probiotics in the diet can improve animal health and performance, through contributions to gut health and nutrient use. For instance, supplementation of probiotics has been demonstrated to benefit farm animals in immune modulation, structural modulation and increased cytokine production, which positively affect the intestinal mucosal lining against pathogens. Bacillus subtilis has been a popular bacterium used within the industry and was shown to improve intestinal villus height. Increasing the villus height and structure of the crypts in the GIT allows for the improvement of nutrient digestion and absorption. Tight junctions maintain important defences against pathogenic bacteria and cellular homeostasis. Heat stress can be a major environmental challenge in the poultry industry. Heat stress causes the bird to fluctuate its internal core temperature beyond their comfort zone. To overcome such challenges, poultry will attempt to balance its heat production and dissipation through behavioural and physiological adaptation mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Agricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Manal E Shafi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Zoology, Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaza Y A Qattan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber E Batiha
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Al-Beheira, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt
| | | | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fadl SE, El-Gammal GA, Sakr OA, Salah AABS, Atia AA, Prince AM, Hegazy AM. Impact of dietary Mannan-oligosaccharide and β-Glucan supplementation on growth, histopathology, E-coli colonization and hepatic transcripts of TNF-α and NF- ϰB of broiler challenged with E. coli O 78. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:204. [PMID: 32560684 PMCID: PMC7304200 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using probiotics have become popular. They are considered an alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGP). Probiotics are supplemented into animal feed for improving growth performance along with preventing and controlling enteric pathogens. The aim of this work was to study the impact of dietary supplementation of Mannan-oligosaccharide and β-Glucan (Agrimos®) on broiler challenged with Escherichia coli O78 (E. coli O78 - marked with an antibiotic (320 μg ciprofloxacin/ml broth) on growth performance, serum biochemistry, immune organs-histopathology, E-coli colonization, and hepatic transcripts of Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ϰB). A total of 125 one-day-old chicks were used for conducting the experiment. Five one-day-old chicks were slaughtered for measuring the initial weight of the lymphoid tissue. The remaining chicks (120) were allotted into four groups according to Mannan-oligosaccharide and β-Glucan supplementation, and E. coli infection. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. RESULTS Results indicated significant alteration of growth performance, serum biochemistry, and selected liver gene expression with pathological lesions, especially in the lymphoid organs due to E. coli infection. These alterations were mitigated by Mannan-oligosaccharide and β-Glucan supplementation. CONCLUSION It could be concluded, Mannan-oligosaccharide and β-Glucan supplementation in broiler's diet improved the immune response of broilers and mitigated pathological lesion resulted from E. coli infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabreen Ezzat Fadl
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt.
| | | | - Osama Atia Sakr
- Biochemistry, Nutritional Deficiency Diseases and Toxicology Unit, Animal Health Res. Inst. (ARC), kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Aly A B S Salah
- Pharmacology Unit, Animal Health Res. Inst. (ARC), Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ayman Ali Atia
- Pathology Unit, Animal Health Res. Inst. (ARC), Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sozcu A. Growth performance, pH value of gizzard, hepatic enzyme activity, immunologic indicators, intestinal histomorphology, and cecal microflora of broilers fed diets supplemented with processed lignocellulose. Poult Sci 2020; 98:6880-6887. [PMID: 31392325 PMCID: PMC8914004 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the hypothesis that supplementation of processed lignocellulose (PL) in the diets of broilers has a positive effect on growing performance, pH value of gizzard, hepatic enzyme activity, immunologic indicators, histomorphological character of small intestine, and cecal microflora populations. A total of 720 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were allotted to 4 treatment groups and fed maize−soybean meal based diets. The basal diet was supplemented with PL with an amount of 0 kg (control), 0.5 kg, 1 kg, and 2 kg per ton feed. Growing performance parameters, were determined weekly until 35 D of age. Blood samples for enzyme activities and immunoglobulins, jejunum and cecum samples for histomorphological characters for villus growth, and microbial population were collected from 12 broilers from each group. At 35 D of age, body weight of broilers supplemented with 1 kg of PL was found to be the highest with a value of 2305.0 g, when compared to the broilers supplemented with control, 0,5 and 2 kg of PL groups (2154.0, 2201.0, and 2141.7 g, respectively, P = 0.001). An increased activity of aspartate amino transferase (AST) was observed in the control and 1 kg PL supplementation groups (633.6 and 597.4 IU/L, respectively), whereas alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was the highest in the control group (5404 IU/L, P < 0.05). Broilers in the control group had the lowest level of IgY and IgA (122.2 and 25.8 mg/dL, respectively, P < 0.05). Villus height increased by 22.0%, 40.7%, and 34.8% in 0.5, 1, and 2 kg PL supplementation groups, respectively, when compared to the control (P < 0.001). The processed lignocellulose supplemented as 1 kg of PL decreased the average count of Staphylococcaceae, E. coli, and Enterobacteriaceae, whereas it increased the population of Lactobacillus spp. in the cecum (P < 0.05). These data indicate that the supplementation of processed lignocellulose had positive effects for performance via changes in hepatic enzyme activities, immunoglobulin levels, villus growth in jejunum, and microflora in cecum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Sozcu
- Ödemiş Vocational High School, Ege University, 35750 Ödemiş, İzmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Protected Organic Acids Improved Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Decreased Gas Emission in Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030416. [PMID: 32131472 PMCID: PMC7143025 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recently, the development of antimicrobial resistance of bacteria has become a global health problem. Such a situation has compelled nutritionists and researchers to explore other potential alternatives. Among a variety of candidates for the replacement of antibiotic growth promoters, organic acids (OAs), both individual and as a blend of several acids are the most promising ones as feed additives in animal production. Organic acids maintain cellular integrity of the gut lining and improve the digestive process by maintaining normal gut flora. Addition of OAs to the diet can improve the absorption rate of proteins, amino acids, and minerals. This may contribute not only in improving performance but also reducing nitrogen and phosphorus excretion. Besides, medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) constitute another type of acid and have been shown to be potential alternatives for in-feed antibiotics in farm animals as they have strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive cocci and Escherichia coli. The combination of OAs and MCFAs has been reported to improve the nutrient digestibility, growth performance, proliferation of Lactobacillus, and immunity of the animal. The present study investigated the effect of a blend of dietary protected OAs and MCFAs on broiler chickens. The results of this study showed that the blend of OA and MCFA supplementation positively influenced growth performance, DM digestibility, excreta Lactobacillus counts, as well as NH3 gas emission in broiler chickens. Abstract We investigated the effects of a blend of organic acids (OAs) and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) supplementation in 800 1-d-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens (42 ± 0.90 g) in a 7-week study. Broiler chicks were randomly allocated into one of the five dietary treatments (16 birds per pen with 10 pens per treatment). Dietary treatments consisted of corn-soybean meal based basal diet and the basal diet supplemented with blend of OAs and MCFAs at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 g, and 1 g per kg of feed. In the current study, during the whole experimental period, the inclusion of the blend of OAs and MCFAs in the basal diet linearly improved (p < 0.05) body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and dry matter digestibility. The increasing inclusion of the blend of OA and MCFA levels in the diets linearly decreased (p = 0.002) feed intake during d 1 to 7. Broilers fed diets containing different levels of the blend of OAs and MCFAs showed a linear increase (p = 0.006) in Lactobacillus concentrations and decrease (p = 0.014) in ammonia (NH3) at the end of the experiment. However, the blend of OAs and MCFAs did not affect carcass quality, E. coli, and Salmonella counts, as well as hydrogen sulfide and total mercaptans gas emission (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the blend of OA and MCFA supplementation positively influenced growth performance, DM digestibility, excreta Lactobacillus counts, as well as NH3 gas emission in broiler chickens.
Collapse
|
31
|
Wickramasuriya SS, Cho HM, Macelline SP, Kim E, Shin TK, Yi YJ, Park SH, Lee KB, Heo JM. Effect of calcium stearoyl-2 lactylate and lipase supplementation on growth performance, gut health, and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 33:981-991. [PMID: 32054203 PMCID: PMC7206371 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate calcium stearoyl-2 lactylate (CSL) performance as an exogenous emulsifier together with lipase for broiler diets. Methods In total, 252 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were allocated in a completely randomized design to give 6 replications per treatment with 7 birds in each cage. There were six dietary treatments representing a 2×3 factorial arrangement consisted of two energy levels (standard energy [positive control, PC] and −100 kcal/kg of the requirement level [negative control, NC]) and three dietary treatments (without additives [CON], CON+CSL [CSL], and CON+CSL+lipase [CSL-Lipase]). Corn and soybean meal-based experimental diets containing vegetable oil were formulated. Growth performance, blood parameters, visceral organ weights, ileal morphology, nutrient digestibility, and cytokine gene expression were measured. Results Birds fed a diet including CSL increased (p<0.05) lipase level in blood compared to birds fed a diet including CSL-Lipase on day 21. Similarly, higher (p<0.05) liver weight was observed in birds fed a diet including either CSL or CSL-Lipase on day 21. Birds fed NC diet with CSL improved (p<0.05) nutrient digestibility compared to the NC diet on day 21. However, birds fed a diet supplemented with CSL or CSL-Lipase did not affect (p>0.05) the weight gain, feed efficiency, ileal morphology, and cytokine concentrations during the experiment period, regardless of dietary energy levels. Conclusion Our results indicated that CSL has a role in improving nutrient digestibility in young birds when supplemented to a corn-soybean meal based broiler diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyun Min Cho
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Shemil Priyan Macelline
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Eunjoo Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Taeg Kyun Shin
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Young Joo Yi
- Division of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.,Department of Agricultural Education, College of Education, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | | | - Kyung Bon Lee
- Deaprtment of Biology Education, College of Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jung Min Heo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen JF, Xu MM, Kang KL, Tang SG, He CQ, Qu XY, Guo SC. The effects and combinational effects of Bacillus subtilis and montmorillonite on the intestinal health status in laying hens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:1311-1319. [PMID: 32111307 PMCID: PMC7587652 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects and combinational effects of Bacillus subtilis (BS) and montmorillonite (MMT) on laying performance, gut mucosal oxidation status, and intestinal immunological and physical barrier functions of laying hens. Three hundred sixty laying hens (29-week-old) were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (n = 6) for 10 wk as follows: (1) basal diet; (2) the basal diet plus 5 × 108 cfu BS/kg; (3) the basal diet plus 0.5 g MMT/kg; and (4) the basal diet plus 5 × 108 cfu BS/kg and 0.5 g MMT/kg. Dietary supplementation with BS increased egg production and egg mass, the activities of catalase (CAT) and total superoxide dismutase in the intestinal mucosa, and villus height and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio of the jejunum (P < 0.05) but downregulated the mRNA expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in the duodenum and jejunum, interleukin 1 beta in the duodenum, and nuclear factor kappa B P65 (NF-κB P65) and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with MMT increased egg production and egg mass, the concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A in the duodenum, and the occludin mRNA expression level in the jejunum (P < 0.05) but reduced feed conversion ratio, malondialdehyde concentration in the duodenum and jejunum, and the mRNA expression level of MyD88 in the jejunum (P < 0.05). In addition, there was an interaction effect between BS and MMT supplementation on the CAT activity and the MyD88 mRNA expression level in the duodenum and the mRNA expression level of occludin in the jejunum (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary BS and MMT and their combination may improve the intestinal health status of laying hens, which may contribute to the increase in hens' laying performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J F Chen
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, P. R. China; College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - M M Xu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - K L Kang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - S G Tang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - C Q He
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - X Y Qu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, P. R. China.
| | - S C Guo
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gopinger E, Xavier E, Ziegler V, Lopes D, Krabbe E, Nunes A, Elias M. Effects of stored whole rice bran treated with organic acids on the performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal mucosa morphometry, and bone characteristics of broiler chickens. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2017-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of feeding whole rice bran (WRB) stored for different times and treated with a mixture of organic acids on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, duodenal morphometry, and bone characteristics of broiler chickens. Three hundred and twenty 1-d-old Cobb broilers were used in a 21 d experiment with a completely randomized design. Whole rice bran with five storage times (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 d) was included at a 12% level in the diets, with eight replicates of eight birds each. A polynomial regression with a significance level of 5% was used. A reduction in daily weight gain was observed in birds fed WRB stored up to 90 d. A quadratic response was observed in the daily feed intake and average body weight of birds fed diets containing WRB treated with a mixture of organic acids and stored up to 90 d. There was a linear increase in the digestibility of crude protein with increased WRB storage time. Apparent metabolizable energy and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen showed an increasing quadratic response for up to 60 d of WRB storage and treated with a mixture of organic acids. A quadratic response for the morphometry of intestinal crypts was found. The crypt depth increased as the birds were fed a diet containing WRB treated with a mixture of organic acids, stored up to 30 d and decreased with storage times. In conclusion, WRB treated with a mixture of acetic and propionic acids and stored up to 60 d may be safely added to broiler chicken diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Gopinger
- Postdoctoral Fellow at National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), PO Box 321, Concordia, SC 89715-899, Brazil
| | - E.G. Xavier
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas, PO Box 354, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil
| | - V. Ziegler
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas, PO Box 354, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil
| | - D.C.N. Lopes
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas, PO Box 354, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil
| | - E.L. Krabbe
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation — Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Concórdia, SC 87900000, Brazil
| | - A.P. Nunes
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas, PO Box 354, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil
| | - M.C. Elias
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas, PO Box 354, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Effects of Graded Inclusion of Bioactive Peptides Derived from Sesame Meal on the Growth Performance, Internal Organs, Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Morphology of Broiler Chickens. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09947-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
35
|
Villagrán-de la Mora Z, Nuño K, Vázquez-Paulino O, Avalos H, Castro-Rosas J, Gómez-Aldapa C, Angulo C, Ascencio F, Villarruel-López A. Effect of a Synbiotic Mix on Intestinal Structural Changes, and Salmonella Typhimurium and Clostridium Perfringens Colonization in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9100777. [PMID: 31658619 PMCID: PMC6826705 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Synbiotics can prevent gastrointestinal infections in broilers. This work studies the effect of a Synbiotic on broilers. One-day-old male broilers were divided into groups: Control; Synbiotic; Synbiotic + S. Typhimurium; Synbiotic + C. perfringens; Synbiotic + S. Typhimurium + C. perfringens; S. Typhimurium; C. perfringens; and S. Typhimurium + C. perfringens. Histopathological analysis revealed that the Synbiotic promoted longer villi, less deep crypts, and better villi-crypt ratio. Broilers treated with the Synbiotic, infected with pathogens or not, had healthier mucosa. In groups infected with pathogens, the frequency and intensity of histopathologic lesions were lessened often in groups treated with the Synbiotic. The Synbiotic group had higher lactic acid bacteria counts than the Control group on day 39, and the isolation frequency of S. Typhimurium was lower (p < 0.05) in the Synbiotic-treated groups. On day 18, mucosa, villi, villi-crypt ratio, crypt, and feed intake were influenced by Enterobacteriaceae. However, on day 39 (end of the trial), those parameters were influenced by lactic acid bacteria. The Synbiotic influenced morphological modifications in the duodenal mucosa, which in turn gave the broilers the ability to resist infections caused by S. Typhimurium and C. perfringens, by inhibiting their growth and decreasing the intensity and frequency of histopathological injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuamí Villagrán-de la Mora
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur 23096 La Paz, BCS, Mexico.
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Karla Nuño
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Nuevo Perif. Ote. 555, Ejido San José, Tateposco 45425 Tonalá, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Olga Vázquez-Paulino
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Olímpica 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Hugo Avalos
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Olímpica 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Javier Castro-Rosas
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Abasolo 600, Centro 42000, Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Gómez-Aldapa
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Abasolo 600, Centro 42000, Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur 23096 La Paz, BCS, Mexico.
| | - Felipe Ascencio
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur 23096 La Paz, BCS, Mexico.
| | - Angélica Villarruel-López
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Olímpica 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bogucka J, Ribeiro DM, Bogusławska-Tryk M, Dankowiakowska A, da Costa RPR, Bednarczyk M. Microstructure of the small intestine in broiler chickens fed a diet with probiotic or synbiotic supplementation. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1785-1791. [PMID: 31553085 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of a probiotic and a synbiotic on the morphometric parameters of the small intestine of broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted on three hundred sixty, one-day-old female Ross 308 chicks, which were randomly selected from 20,000 birds and divided into three treatment groups (n = 120) with ten replicates per treatment. The control group (C) was fed a commercial diet, the probiotic group (PRO) was fed the same diet with an added 1% of the probiotic Lavipan® (Lactococcus lactis, Carnobacterium divergens, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and the synbiotic group (SYN) was fed the commercial diet with an added synbiotic: 0.8% of the prebiotic RFO (extracted from lupin seeds) and 1% Lavipan®. According to the manufacturer's data, apart from the typical probiotic action,microorganisms contained in the preparation release anti-bacterial substances (hydrogen peroxide and bacteriocins) and, therefore, are antagonistic towards pathogenic bacteria present in the gut of animals. Supplementation took place in the first seven days of rearing, and all birds had ad libitum access to water and feed during the 42 days of the experiment. On the last day, all birds were slaughtered and samples from three segments of the small intestine were taken. Villi area, height, width and crypt depth ratios were read using Multiscan software. Synbiotic supplementation increased the BWG of broilers from first to tenth day of rearing, compared to the control group. The PRO group had improved villi morphometric parameters of the duodenum. In the jejunum and ileum, both bioactive substances improved villus width and villus surface area. Crypts were deeper in the small intestine of birds supplemented with bioactive substances, which allows greater renewal of the villi. As expected, the intestinal morphometric parameters of broiler chickens benefited from bioactive substance supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bogucka
- Department of Animal Physiology, Physiotherapy and Nutrition, UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - David Miguel Ribeiro
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Agricultural College of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,LEAF Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Monika Bogusławska-Tryk
- Department of Animal Physiology, Physiotherapy and Nutrition, UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agata Dankowiakowska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Physiotherapy and Nutrition, UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Rosário Plácido Roberto da Costa
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Agricultural College of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CERNAS - Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marek Bednarczyk
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetic, UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li Z, Bao N, Ren T, Han Y, Jiang Z, Bai Z, Hu Y, Ding J. The effect of a multi-strain probiotic on growth performance, non-specific immune response, and intestinal health of juvenile turbot, Scophthalmus maximus L. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1393-1407. [PMID: 30989456 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00635-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic is well known because of its health benefit on the host, including improve growth, treat disease, and enhance immunity. Currently, probiotic has been widely used in aquaculture. However, there is little information about the effect of probiotic on turbot. Therefore, an effort was made to explore the effect of a multi-strain probiotic on growth performance, non-specific immune response, and intestinal health of juvenile turbot, Scophthalmus maximus L. One hundred eighty juvenile turbot (20.04 ± 0.23 g) were randomly divided into three groups (T0, T1, T2), and fed diet were formulated to contain 0%, 1%, and 5% multi-strain probiotic, respectively. Sixty days after the feeding experiment, the growth performance, body composition, enzyme activities, and intestinal microorganism of turbot were analyzed. T2 and T1 showed better growth performance and significant higher (P < 0.05) enzyme activities than T0 (except lysozyme). Moreover, the IV (intestinal villus), IW (intestinal wall), and GC (goblet cell) were well modulated in probiotic treatments. Furthermore, Lactobacillus was found colonized in the intestine of the group fed with 5% multi-strain probiotic. These results suggested adding dietary multi-strain probiotic could positively affect for turbot aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zequn Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Rural Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ning Bao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Rural Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Tongjun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Rural Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Yuzhe Han
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Rural Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Rural Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhuoan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Rural Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yanan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Rural Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jingyun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Rural Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wickramasuriya S, Kim E, Shin TK, Cho HM, Kim B, Patterson R, Yi YJ, Park S, Balasubramanian B, Heo JM. Multi-Carbohydrase Addition Into a Corn-Soybean Meal Diet Containing Wheat and Wheat By Products to Improve Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Broiler Chickens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
39
|
Structural changes in the small intestine of female turkeys receiving a probiotic preparation are dose and region dependent. Animal 2019; 13:2773-2781. [PMID: 31113501 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119001149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota have been shown to play a critical role in the maintenance of host health. Probiotics, which regulate gut microbiota balance, could serve as an effective alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. Since changes in the gastrointestinal tract, caused by a variety of different strains, groups and amounts of microorganisms, may be reflected in its histological structure, the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of rising doses of a mixed probiotic preparation on the structure and development of the small intestine of female turkeys. Eighty, three-day-old, healthy, female turkeys (Big-6 breed) were used in the current (16-week) study. The turkeys were randomly allocated to four weight-matched (59.70 ± 0.83 g) groups (n = 20), according to probiotic treatment dose (0, 107 cfu•g-1, 108 cfu•g-1 or 109 cfu•g-1, in 500 g•1000 kg-1) (cfu - a colony-forming unit). Three, non-genetically modified strains of probiotic cultures obtained from poultry, four bacterial and one yeast culture, were used. Histomorphometric analysis of the structure of the small intestinal wall of the duodenum and jejunum was performed. All probiotic doses used in the current study exerted a beneficial effect on the histological structure of the small intestine; however, the observed effect was dose and region dependent. Significant increases in villi height, crypt depth, villi and crypt width, mucosa thickness, epithelial height, enterocyte number, absorption surface and intestinal ganglia geometric indices were observed, specifically in the duodenum of birds receiving an intermediate dose of probiotic (108 cfu•g-1). The probiotic doses used in the current study differed significantly in their effect on the small intestine (P < 0.01), with the intermediate dose (108 cfu•g-1) significantly improving 58% of the parameters assessed, compared to the control. The duodenum was more susceptible to the favourable effects of the probiotic than the jejunum (56% v. 31% improvement in the parameters assessed) (P < 0.01). The weakest favourable effect was observed in the group that received the highest dose of probiotic.
Collapse
|
40
|
Luan SJ, Sun YB, Wang Y, Sa RN, Zhang HF. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spray improves the growth performance, immune status, and respiratory mucosal barrier in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1403-1409. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
41
|
Elhassan M, Ali A, Blanch A, Kehlet A, Madekurozwa MC. Morphological Responses of the Small Intestine of Broiler Chicks to Dietary Supplementation With a Probiotic, Acidifiers, and Their Combination. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfy042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
|
42
|
Tomaszewska E, Dobrowolski P, Muszyński S, Kwiecień M, Kasperek K, Knaga S, Tomczyk-Warunek A, Kowalik S, Jeżewska-Witkowska G, Grela ER. Intestinal mucosa develops in a sex-dependent manner in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) fed Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Br Poult Sci 2019; 59:689-697. [PMID: 30229673 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1523536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
1. The aim of study was to investigate whether the impact of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the histological structure of the intestine, innervation of the small intestine wall, and basal biochemical serum parameters in Japanese quail was sex dependent. 2. One-day-old healthy male and female Japanese quail were fed either a basal diet containing no yeast (control group) or the basal diet plus 1.5% (15 g/kg of diet) of yeast (S. cerevisiae inactivated by drying). Samples from the duodenum and jejunum were taken from each bird at the age of 42 days. Blood samples were collected at this age and the concentrations of glucose, total protein, creatinine, uric acid, lipid profile (total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL) and triacylglycerols (TG)), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), amylase (AMY), calcium, phosphorus and iron were determined. 3. Female quail fed diets supplemented with yeast had significantly lower total cholesterol and amylase activity than the control females. The concentration of HDL was higher in the male quail than in the females, irrespective of the treatment. An opposite effect was observed in LDL. The diet treatments influenced the activity of AspAT, which was significantly less in the male quail fed diets with 1.5% yeast. 4. Supplementation with S. cerevisiae increased the myenteron, submucosa and mucosa thickness, villus length and thickness and size of absorptive surface, while the number of villi and enterocytes were decreased in the duodenum in males. Female quail showed an increased absorptive surface in the jejunum. The Meissner (submucosal) plexuses were influenced by the feeding and sex to a greater extent than the Auerbach plexus (in the muscularis propria). 5. The results demonstrated that S. cerevisiae (1.5%) in the diet caused significant positive effects in Japanese quail, exerting an effect on the morphology of the small intestine in a sex-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Tomaszewska
- a Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Life Sciences in Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - P Dobrowolski
- b Department of Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology , Maria Curie-Skłodowska University , Lublin , Poland
| | - S Muszyński
- c Department of Physics, Faculty of Production Engineering , University of Life Sciences in Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - M Kwiecień
- d Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - K Kasperek
- e Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - S Knaga
- e Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - A Tomczyk-Warunek
- a Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Life Sciences in Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - S Kowalik
- a Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Life Sciences in Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - G Jeżewska-Witkowska
- e Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - E R Grela
- d Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Maryam M, Khosravinia H, Parizadian Kavan B. Single and combined effects of Satureja khuzistanicaessential oils and acetic acid on productive performance, certain blood and kidney health-related parameters in broiler chickens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2019.1577704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirderikvandi Maryam
- Department of Animal Sciences, Agriculture Faculty, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sarfo G, Hamidu J, Larbi A, Donkoh A. Effect of direct fed microbial in layer diets, on egg laying performance and health response of indigenous Ghanaian guinea fowls (Numida meleagris). Poult Sci 2019; 98:227-235. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
45
|
Hamid H, Shi HQ, Ma GY, Fan Y, Li WX, Zhao LH, Zhang JY, Ji C, Ma QG. Influence of acidified drinking water on growth performance and gastrointestinal function of broilers. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3601-3609. [PMID: 29860532 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ban on the use of antibiotic feed additives as growth promoters compelled the researchers for exploring the future utility of other alternatives. This experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of acidified drinking water on growth performance, gastrointestinal pH, digestive enzymes, intestinal histomorphology, and cecum microbial counting of the broiler chicken. A total of 540 one-day-old male broilers (Arbor Acre) were randomly assigned to 5 treatments, with 6 replicates of 18 chicks per replicate. Broilers received diets and water as follows: NC (negative control, basal diet, normal water), PC (positive control, basal diet + 8 ppm colistin sulfate + 8 ppm enduracidin, normal water), A1 (basal diet, continuous supply of acidified water during whole experiment period), A2 (basal diet, intermittent acidification of water during 0 to 14 d, 22 to 28 d, and 36 to 42 d), and A3 [basal diet, intermittent acidification of water (24 h/d from 0 to 14 d and from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm on d 15 to 42)]. During the entire period, the acidified groups (A1, A2, and A3) and PC group showed improve on weight gain, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio compared to NC group (P < 0.05). The pH in crop, proventriculus and ileum at 43 d declined by 0.04, 1.03, 1.23; 0.55, 0.69, 0.70; and 0.63, 0.74, 1.21 in A1, A2, and A3 group, respectively. There was a significant decline of lipase activity in the PC and acidified groups compared to NC group. The A2 group had higher villus height in jejunum than NC group. The PC and acidified groups reduced (P < 0.05) the total aerobic bacteria count of cecum when contrasted to NC group. Therefore, we conclude that acidified drinking water can improve growth performance, compensate for gastric acidity, and control pathogenic bacteria in broilers and may be considered as a potential alternative to improve production parameters. Discontinuous supply of acidified water had the same or even better influence on broilers compared to continuous supply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Hamid
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - H Q Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - G Y Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - W X Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - L H Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - J Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - C Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Q G Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nunes KC, Eyng C, Pintro PTM, Garcia RG, Murakami AE, Vital ACP, Nunes RV, Nesello PO. Dietary inclusion of dehydrated bocaiuva pulp increases the antioxidant potential of quail eggs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 103:64-71. [PMID: 30353579 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate dietary supplementation of different levels of dehydrated bocaiuva pulp (DBP) on the productive performance of laying quails, and on lipid oxidation, and quality in their eggs. A total of 120 quails were distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5% of DBP), five replicates and four birds per experimental unit. To evaluate lipid oxidation, the eggs were collected on five consecutive days at the end of the trial and distributed in a completely randomized experimental design in a 6 × 5 factorial scheme (eggs from quails fed different levels of DBP × evaluated fresh and after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days). The antioxidant potential of diets was improved (p < 0.05) when the DBP was added estimated as 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) free radical scavenging capacity. No effect (p > 0.05) was observed on feed intake, hen-day egg production and feed conversion (kg/kg and kg/dz). There were no changes (p > 0.05) in the egg weight, Haugh unit, yolk index or eggshell percentage. Although no difference was observed (p > 0.05), when comparing each level with the control, a negative linear effect (p < 0.05) on specific gravity was observed. In addition, only the treatment with 0.5% pulp exhibited lower (p < 0.05) eggshell thickness compared with the control (0%). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) analysis showed that as the dietary pulp level was increased, malondialdehyde content decreased linearly (p < 0.05) in the egg yolks, regardless of the storage period. Inclusion of DBP in the diets had no effect (p > 0.05) on the concentration of conjugated dienes in the eggs. The diets containing DBP showed a potential antioxidant effect, reducing the degree of lipid oxidation in egg yolk. However, no beneficial effects were observed on performance and egg quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C Nunes
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, UEM, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Eyng
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Unioeste, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Brazil
| | - Paula T M Pintro
- Department of Agronomy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, UEM, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo G Garcia
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, UFGD, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Alice E Murakami
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, UEM, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Ana C P Vital
- Department of Agronomy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, UEM, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Ricardo V Nunes
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Unioeste, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Brazil
| | - Patricia O Nesello
- Department of Agronomy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, UEM, Maringá, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lemos MJ, Calixto LFL, Souza DS, Reis TL, Nascimento AA, Oliveira CA. Comparative Effect of The Inclusion of Zootechnical Additives in the Feed of Japanese Quails in Two Productive Phases. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 90:3313-3325. [PMID: 30365709 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the intestinal morphology, performance and financial analysis of the inclusion of additives in the feed during the productive period of 360 Japanese quails distributed in a completely randomized design in a split plot scheme in time with five treatments and eight repetitions of nine birds each. The treatments were: control, antibiotic, prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic. The variables were: height, width and width/height ratio of the villi, crypt depth and villus/crypt ratio, feed intake, egg production, egg weight average, egg mass, feed conversion per mass and per dozen eggs and viability, internal rate of return, net present value and cost benefit. The additives in the feed increased height and width of the villi, decreased crypt depth and increased villus/ crypt ratio compared to the control. Feed intake was lower after the inclusion of antibiotics and synbiotics in the feed. Egg production and feed conversion improved after the inclusion of additives in the feed compared with the control. The reduction of feed intake was more pronounced with the addition of antibiotic and synbiotic in the final stage of the productive period of the Japanese quails. The inclusion of antibiotics and synbiotic proved to be more financially viable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina J Lemos
- Centro Universitário Claretiano, Rua Oto de Alencar, 23, Maracanã, 20271-220 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lígia F L Calixto
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Instituto de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 07, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniele S Souza
- Departamento de Nutrição Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho/FMVZ, Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n, 18618-687 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Túlio L Reis
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Instituto de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 07, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aparecida A Nascimento
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Instituto de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 07, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Oliveira
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Instituto de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 07, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang S, Chen L, He M, Shen J, Li G, Tao Z, Wu R, Lu L. Different rearing conditions alter gut microbiota composition and host physiology in Shaoxing ducks. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7387. [PMID: 29743727 PMCID: PMC5943461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25760-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidences have linked the gut microbiota to poultry physiology. Gut microbiota composition in Shaoxing ducks were profiled under different rearing conditions: raised on the litter floor and the plastic mesh floor. A total of 46 and 39 luminal content samples from the duodenum, ileum, and cecum of the ducks reared under the two conditions were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analysis. Proteobacteria (48.66%), Proteobacteria (33.38%), and Bacteroidetes (55.35%) were the dominant phyla in the duodenum, ileum, and cecum of the ducks reared on the litter floor respectively, while Firmicutes (30.80%), Firmicutes (66.62%) and Bacteroidetes (47.15%) were the topmost phyla in the duodenum, ileum, and cecum of the ducks reared on the plastic mesh floor. Physiologically, the height of villi and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the ileum and duodenum were significantly greater in the ducks reared on plastic mesh floor. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the gut microbiota was significantly associated with the duck phenotypes, such as chest depth and serum estradiol levels (p < 0.05), which were altered by the different rearing conditions. Collectively, our results showed that the rearing floor types have an important effect on the gastrointestinal microbial composition of ducks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310000, Hangzhou, China
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 321000, Jinhua, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310000, Hangzhou, China
| | - Maozhang He
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, China
| | - Junda Shen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310000, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqin Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310000, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengrong Tao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310000, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rurong Wu
- Lihong Poultry Industry Co., Ltd., 313000, Huzhou, China
| | - Lizhi Lu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310000, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yang X, Xin H, Yang C, Yang X. Impact of essential oils and organic acids on the growth performance, digestive functions and immunity of broiler chickens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:388-393. [PMID: 30564758 PMCID: PMC6284223 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the experiment was to study the effects of feeding blends of sorbic acid, fumaric acid, and thymol (EOA) on growth performance, digestive functions, and immunity of broiler chickens. A total of 640 one-day-old male Cobb 500 chicks with similar BW (41.8 ± 0.6 g) were randomly divided into 4 dietary treatment groups consisting of 10 replicates with 16 birds per replicate and fed a basal diet until d 42 (CON) or diets with 0.15 g/kg enramycin during the grower period (AG), 0.30 g/kg EOA during the grower period (EG), or 0.30 g/kg EOA during the finisher period (EF). At d 42, the feed conversion ratio was reduced (P < 0.05) for birds in EG group compared with other groups. Birds in EG group showed a higher villus height of the duodenum and jejunum and muscular layers of the duodenum and ileum than birds in CON group (P < 0.05). Compared with other groups, crypt depth of the jejunum and ileum was markedly increased (P < 0.05) by EOA supplementation during the finisher period at d 42. The EOA supplementation during grower period increased significantly lipase, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities of the duodenum at d 21 and 42, as well as lipase and trypsin at d 21, and trypsin and chymotrypsin at d 42 in the jejunum, and trypsin and chymotrypsin activities of the ileum at d 21 compared to the control diet (P < 0.05). Birds of EG and EF groups showed a higher (P < 0.05) spleen index than birds of CON group. The level of secretory immunoglobulin A in duodenal and ileal mucosa was increased (P < 0.05) in EF group at d 42 compared with other groups. In conclusion, the results indicate that EOA can be effectively applied in broiler diets, especially during the grower phase by improving intestinal morphology and increasing digestive enzyme activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Hongliang Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Jefo Nutrition Inc., Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S 7B6, Canada
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hedayati M, Manafi M. Evaluation of Anherbal Compound, a Commercial Probiotic, and an Antibiotic Growth Promoter on the Performance, Intestinal Bacterial Population, Antibody Titers, and Morphology of the Jejunum and Ileum of broilers. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|