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Bontà V, Battelli M, Rama E, Casanova M, Pasotti L, Galassi G, Colombini S, Calvio C. An In Vitro Study on the Role of Cellulases and Xylanases of Bacillus subtilis in Dairy Cattle Nutrition. Microorganisms 2024; 12:300. [PMID: 38399704 PMCID: PMC10891753 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The administration of Bacilli to dairy cows exerts beneficial effects on dry matter intake, lactation performance, and milk composition, but the rationale behind their efficacy is still poorly understood. In this work, we sought to establish whether cellulases and xylanases, among the enzymes secreted by B. subtilis, are involved in the positive effect exerted by Bacilli on ruminal performance. We took advantage of two isogenic B. subtilis strains, only differing in the secretion levels of those two enzymes. A multi-factorial study was conducted in which eight feed ingredients were treated in vitro, using ruminal fluid from cannulated cows, with cultures of the two strains conveniently grown in a growth medium based on inexpensive waste. Feed degradability and gas production were assessed. Fiber degradability was 10% higher (p < 0.001) in feeds treated with the enzyme-overexpressing strain than in the untreated control, while the non-overexpressing strain provided a 5% increase. The benefit of the fibrolytic enzymes was maximal for maize silage, the most recalcitrant feed. Gas production also correlated with the amount of enzymes applied (p < 0.05). Our results revealed that B. subtilis cellulases and xylanases effectively contribute to improving forage quality, justifying the use of Bacilli as direct-fed microbials to increase animal productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Bontà
- Laboratories of Genetics and Microbiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Battelli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (G.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Erlinda Rama
- Laboratories of Genetics and Microbiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Michela Casanova
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy (L.P.)
| | - Lorenzo Pasotti
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy (L.P.)
| | - Gianluca Galassi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (G.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefania Colombini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (G.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Cinzia Calvio
- Laboratories of Genetics and Microbiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Hayes G, Laurel M, MacKinnon D, Zhao T, Houck HA, Becer CR. Polymers without Petrochemicals: Sustainable Routes to Conventional Monomers. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2609-2734. [PMID: 36227737 PMCID: PMC9999446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Access to a wide range of plastic materials has been rationalized by the increased demand from growing populations and the development of high-throughput production systems. Plastic materials at low costs with reliable properties have been utilized in many everyday products. Multibillion-dollar companies are established around these plastic materials, and each polymer takes years to optimize, secure intellectual property, comply with the regulatory bodies such as the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals and the Environmental Protection Agency and develop consumer confidence. Therefore, developing a fully sustainable new plastic material with even a slightly different chemical structure is a costly and long process. Hence, the production of the common plastic materials with exactly the same chemical structures that does not require any new registration processes better reflects the reality of how to address the critical future of sustainable plastics. In this review, we have highlighted the very recent examples on the synthesis of common monomers using chemicals from sustainable feedstocks that can be used as a like-for-like substitute to prepare conventional petrochemical-free thermoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Laurel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom
| | - Dan MacKinnon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom
| | - Tieshuai Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom
| | - Hannes A Houck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom.,Institute of Advanced Study, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom
| | - C Remzi Becer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom
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Kumar Sarangi P, Subudhi S, Bhatia L, Saha K, Mudgil D, Prasad Shadangi K, Srivastava RK, Pattnaik B, Arya RK. Utilization of agricultural waste biomass and recycling toward circular bioeconomy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:8526-8539. [PMID: 35554831 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The major global concern on energy is focused on conventional fossil resources. The burning of fossil fuels is an origin of greenhouse gas emissions resulting in the utmost threat to the environment and subsequently which leads to global climate changes. As far as sustainability is concerned, fuels and materials derived from organic or plant wastes overcome this downside establishing the solution to the fossil resource crisis. In this context, exploration of agricultural residue appears to be a suitable alternative of non-renewable resources to support the environmental feasibility and meet the high energy crisis. The use of agricultural waste as a feedstock for the biorefinery approach emerges to be an eco-friendly process for the production of biofuel and value-added chemicals, intensifying energy security. Therefore, a prospective choice of this renewable biomass for the synthesis of green fuel and other green biochemicals comes up with a favorable outcome in terms of cost-effectiveness and sustainability. Exploiting different agricultural biomass and exploring various biomass conversion techniques, biorefinery generates bioenergy in a strategic way which eventually fits in a circular bioeconomy. Sources and production of agricultural waste are critically explained in this paper, which provides a path for further value addition by various technologies. Biorefinery solutions, along with a life cycle assessment of agricultural waste biomass toward a wide array of value-added products aiding the bioeconomy, are summarized in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Kumar Sarangi
- College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur, 795004, India
| | - Sanjukta Subudhi
- Advanced Biofuels Program, The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, Habitat Place, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110 003, India
| | - Latika Bhatia
- Department of Microbiology & Bioinformatics, Atal Bihari Vajpayee University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Koel Saha
- Advanced Biofuels Program, The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, Habitat Place, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110 003, India
| | - Divya Mudgil
- Advanced Biofuels Program, The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, Habitat Place, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110 003, India
| | - Krushna Prasad Shadangi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, 768018, Odisha, India
| | - Rajesh K Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, GIT, GITAM (Deemed to Be University), Rushiknonda, Visakhapatnam, 530045, A.P, India.
| | - Bhabjit Pattnaik
- Department of Botany, Christ College, Cuttack, 753008, Odisha, India
| | - Raj Kumar Arya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr B R Ambedkar NIT, Jalandhar, India
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Jumrus S, Yamuangmorn S, Veeradittakit J, Kamthai S, Lordkaew S, Suwan T, Jamjod S, Prom-u-thai C. Variation of Anthocyanin, Phenol, and Antioxidant Capacity in Straw among Rice Varieties and Growing Locations as a Potential Source of Natural Bioactive Compounds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2903. [PMID: 36365356 PMCID: PMC9655959 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the variation in bioactive compounds (anthocyanins, phenols, and antioxidants) among 22 rice varieties in the same growing locations and among four varieties collected from eight different provinces in Northern Thailand. Wide variation in anthocyanins, phenols, and antioxidant capacity was established, ranging from 1.6 to 33.0 mg/100 g, 249.9 to 477.7 mg gallic acid/100 g, and 0 to 3,288.5 mg trolox equivalent/100 g, respectively. The highest straw anthocyanin and phenol concentrations were found in KDK (a traditional photoperiod-sensitive variety with purple pericarp and leaves) and K4 (an advanced, photoperiod-insensitive variety with purple pericarp and leaves), while the highest antioxidant capacity was found in KH CMU (an improved traditional photoperiod sensitive variety with a purple pericarp and green leaves) and K4. The variation of the bioactive compounds was also found in the same variety grown at different locations, e.g., the KDMl105 grown in Prayao province had a straw anthocyanin concentration higher than when grown in Mae Hong Son province. The effect was also observed in phenol content and antioxidant capacity when the same rice variety was grown across various locations. A significant correlation between total phenol and antioxidant capacity was observed across rice varieties and growing locations but was not found between anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity. This study found that the bioactive compounds in rice straw varied among rice varieties and growing locations. Straw phenol acts as a major antioxidant that can be used as a characteristic for the selection of rice varieties with high antioxidant capacity for use at the industrial scale for the processing of food, pharmaceuticals, and medicinal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchada Jumrus
- Agronomy Division, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Jeeraporn Veeradittakit
- Agronomy Division, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Suthaphat Kamthai
- Division of Packaging Technology, School of Agro-industry, Faculty of Agro-industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sithisavet Lordkaew
- Center of Agricultural Resource Systems, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Teewara Suwan
- Center of Excellence in Natural Disaster Management (CENDIM), Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sansanee Jamjod
- Agronomy Division, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chanakan Prom-u-thai
- Agronomy Division, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Saleem M. Possibility of utilizing agriculture biomass as a renewable and sustainable future energy source. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08905. [PMID: 35198772 PMCID: PMC8841379 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Issues related to depletion of conventional fuel resources and environmental concerns have become the driving force to explore an environment friendly, renewable, economical and sustainable alternate energy source. Huge quantities of agriculture biomass are being produced globally which can be transformed to biofuels by utilizing various procedures. However, issues such as environmental damages and competing uses of agriculture biomass need to be investigated factually considering the short as well as long-term acuity considering its effect on the soil and conversion to biofuels. This review provides an insight into the potential of various biomass as an energy source. Presently available conversion techniques to convert biomass to energy in various phases are discussed. The review also addresses the technical, socio-economic and environmental concerns and limitations with the appropriate control measures. Present study revealed that by the year 2020 most of the developed countries including the USA, Canada, China and Poland are switching to, renewable energy including agriculture biomass. Techno-economic analysis performed shows the feasibility of utilizing agriculture biomass as a competitive energy source. The information provided will help stakeholders, energy managers and decision makers working in the sustainable and renewable energy sectors to consider agriculture biomass for energy production at a larger scale.
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Characterization of Cellulase from Geotrichum candidum Strain Gad1 Approaching Bioethanol Production. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-06391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kauldhar BS, Sooch BS, Rai SK, Kumar V, Yadav SK. Recovery of nanosized silica and lignin from sugarcane bagasse waste and their engineering in fabrication of composite membrane for water purification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:7491-7502. [PMID: 33034858 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental benign catalytic process was developed for the valorisation of sugarcane bagasse into functional nanomaterials. Bagasse saccharification was carried out with an acid catalyst (H2SO4 0.5%, wt/wt) to separate sugars after pre-treatment of biomass with ethanol. Subsequently, a combination of peroxide and base (0.5% H2O2, wt/wt and 1% NaOH, wt/wt) was stacked to concurrently synthesise SiO2 (35 nm with 5.65% yield) and lignin (20 nm with 10.15% yield) from bagasse slurry. In the final step, precipitation using catalyst was completed to separate highly pure functional materials in powdered form. Zeta potential (ζ) of the synthesised materials was found to be - 35.6 mV for SiO2 and - 13.1 mV for lignin. Obtained silica and lignin nanomaterials were used in the fabrication of strong as well as flexible functional membrane for purification of solute particles and gases. The adsorption/desorption curve of the developed functional membrane showed type II isotherm with a H3 hysteresis loop. The observed Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of the membrane was 400.3 m2/g. The pore size and pore volume as recorded by Barrett-Joyner-Halenda method was 25.5 nm and 0.624 cm3/g, respectively. Hence, the developed simple and sustainable process could be highly suitable for filtration of contaminated water and air purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baljinder Singh Kauldhar
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140 306, India
| | - Balwinder Singh Sooch
- Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147 002, India
| | - Shushil Kumar Rai
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140 306, India
| | - Varun Kumar
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140 306, India
| | - Sudesh Kumar Yadav
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140 306, India.
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Potential of Straw for Energy Purposes in Poland—Forecasts Based on Trend and Causal Models. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13195054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mitigation of climate change poses a major challenge to the legal framework which aims to stimulate the development of renewable energy sources. The European Union’s direction for the use of renewable energy is distributed generation and an increased use of by-products and organic waste, especially in the production of next-generation biofuels. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the production potential of straw in Poland and the possibility of its use for energy purposes, including a forecast for 2030, on the assumption that the management of this resource is in accordance with the provisions of the Polish Code for Good Agriculture Practice. In Poland, in the years 1999–2018, the average annual surplus of straw harvested over agricultural consumption equalled 12.5 million tons (4.2 Mtoe). Its largest surpluses were in the Dolnośląskie, Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Lubelskie, Wielkopolskie, and Zachodniopomorskie voivodeships (NUTS2). Based on the developed panel models, forecasts for straw surpluses in Poland are presented in three perspectives: realistic, pessimistic, and optimistic. The forecasts show regional differentiation until 2030. Each of the three perspectives indicate a slow increase in these surpluses, and depending on the adopted version, it will range from 10.6% to 21.9%.
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Utilization of waste straw and husks from rice production: A review. JOURNAL OF BIORESOURCES AND BIOPRODUCTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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10
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Ethanol yield and sugar usability in thermophilic ethanol production from lignocellulose hydrolysate by genetically engineered Moorella thermoacetica. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 129:160-164. [PMID: 31506242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioconversion from inexpensive renewable resource, such as biomass, to liquid fuel is one of the promising technologies to reduce the use of petroleum. We previously reported the genetically engineered Moorella thermoacetica could produce ethanol from the lignocellulosic feedstock. However, it was still unclear which carbon source in the substrate was preferentially consumed to produce ethanol. To identify the hierarchy of the sugar utilization during ethanol fermentation of this strain, we analyzed the sugar composition of lignocellulosic feedstock, and consumption rate of sugars during the fermentation process. The hydrolysates after acid pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification contained glucose, xylose, galactose, arabinose, and mannose. Time course data suggested that xylose was the most preferred carbon source among those sugars during ethanol fermentation. Ethanol yield was 0.40 ± 0.06 and 0.40 ± 0.12 g/g-total sugar, from lignocellulosic hydrolysates of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) and rice straw (Oryza sativa), respectively. The results demonstrated that the genetically engineered M. thermoacetica is a promising candidate for thermophilic ethanol fermentation of lignocellulosic feedstocks, especially hemicellulosic sugars.
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Kumar B, Bhardwaj N, Verma P. Pretreatment of rice straw using microwave assisted FeCl3-H3PO4 system for ethanol and oligosaccharides generation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.100295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Influence of substrate loadings on the consolidated bioprocessing of rice straw and sugarcane bagasse biomass using Ruminiclostridium thermocellum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Straw Stocks as a Source of Renewable Energy. A Case Study of a District in Poland. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11174714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biomass is playing an increasingly important role as a source of renewable energy. The aim of this study has been to identify the potential applicability of straw from agricultural crops to generate energy within the district of Braniewo, in the province Warmia and Mazury, Poland. The study covered the years 2015 to 2017. Based on statistical data, and using appropriate equations and norms, the structure of crop production and the number of livestock in the mentioned district were analysed; the potential production volume of straw was estimated, from which the amount needed for animal production (feed and bedding) was deducted, while the organic substance balance in soil was calculated. An annual average amount of straw remaining to be used for energy purposes in the district of Braniewo is about 41,531 t of straw, equivalent to about 60,222 GJ of energy (24,088 t of coal). In addition to the above analyses, a survey was conducted among local farmers, which showed their opinions about barriers to and opportunities for growing crops for energy purposes and using renewable energy resources. The survey results justify the claim that there is certain potential among farmers in the district of Braniewo to grow crops for energy purposes.
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Camargo D, Sydney EB, Leonel LV, Pintro TC, Sene L. DILUTE ACID HYDROLYSIS OF SWEET SORGHUM BAGASSE AND FERMENTABILITY OF THE HEMICELLULOSIC HYDROLYSATE. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20190361s20170643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luciane Sene
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Brasil
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Wu Z. Mixed fermentation of Aspergillus niger and Candida shehatae to produce bioethanol with ionic-liquid-pretreated bagasse. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:41. [PMID: 30675451 PMCID: PMC6328811 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, bagasse was pretreated with ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) and 1% NaOH solution for initial activation of bagasse. A mixed fermentation of treated bagasse by Aspergillus niger and Candida shehatae showed the optimal conditions with the addition of C. shehatae 12 h later at a 1:1 proportion to A. niger. To further improve the ethanol production and obtain optimal fermentation conditions, a Plackett-Burman design was applied to screen the significant formulation and process variables. The optimal ethanol fermentation conditions with IL pretreated bagasse were determined using response surface methodology by Box-Behnken design. Three variables "initial pH, (NH4)2SO4, fermentation time" were regarded as significant factors in the optimization study. The resulting optimum fermentation conditions for bioethanol was identified as: initial pH of 5.89, (NH4)2SO4 concentration of 0.40 g/50 mL, and fermentation time of 3.60 days. The verification experimental ethanol concentration was 8.14 g/L, which agreed with the predicted value. An enhancement of approximately 153.58% compared with initial fermentation conditions in ethanol production was found using optimized conditions. It demonstrated that optimization methodology had a positive effect on the improvement of ethanol production. Under the optimal fermentation medium and conditions, the ethanol production with IL-pretreated bagasse and untreated bagasse was 8.14 g/L and 5.03 g/L, respectively, which exhibited 62% increase, compared to initial conditions with production of 3.21 g/L and 2.67 g/L, respectively, which displayed 20% increase. Both under optimal and original fermentation conditions, compared to the fermentation medium with untreated bagasse, all the results indicated that IL-pretreated bagasse resulted in higher ethanol production than untreated bagasse, demonstrating that IL-pretreated bagasse successfully increased the ethanol production in the mixed fermentation by A. niger and C. shehatae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiqiang Wu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094 China
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Huang J, Xia T, Li G, Li X, Li Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Xie G, Bai FW, Peng L, Wang L. Overproduction of native endo-β-1,4-glucanases leads to largely enhanced biomass saccharification and bioethanol production by specific modification of cellulose features in transgenic rice. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:11. [PMID: 30636971 PMCID: PMC6325865 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic modification of plant cell walls has been implemented to reduce lignocellulosic recalcitrance for biofuel production. Plant glycoside hydrolase family 9 (GH9) comprises endo-β-1,4-glucanase in plants. Few studies have examined the roles of GH9 in cell wall modification. In this study, we independently overexpressed two genes from GH9B subclasses (OsGH9B1 and OsGH9B3) and examined cell wall features and biomass saccharification in transgenic rice plants. RESULTS Compared with the wild type (WT, Nipponbare), the OsGH9B1 and OsGH9B3 transgenic rice plants, respectively, contained much higher OsGH9B1 and OsGH9B3 protein levels and both proteins were observed in situ with nonspecific distribution in the plant cells. The transgenic lines exhibited significantly increased cellulase activity in vitro than the WT. The OsGH9B1 and OsGH9B3 transgenic plants showed a slight alteration in three wall polymer compositions (cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin), in their stem mechanical strength and biomass yield, but were significantly decreased in the cellulose degree of polymerization (DP) and lignocellulose crystalline index (CrI) by 21-22%. Notably, the crude cellulose substrates of the transgenic lines were more efficiently digested by cellobiohydrolase (CBHI) than those of the WT, indicating the significantly increased amounts of reducing ends of β-1,4-glucans in cellulose microfibrils. Finally, the engineered lines generated high sugar yields after mild alkali pretreatments and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis, resulting in the high bioethanol yields obtained at 22.5% of dry matter. CONCLUSIONS Overproduction of OsGH9B1/B3 enzymes should have specific activity in the postmodification of cellulose microfibrils. The increased reducing ends of β-1,4-glucan chains for reduced cellulose DP and CrI positively affected biomass enzymatic saccharification. Our results demonstrate a potential strategy for genetic modification of cellulose microfibrils in bioenergy crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangfeng Huang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070 China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 China
| | - Tao Xia
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Guanhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070 China
| | - Xianliang Li
- College of Bioengineering, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, 448000 China
| | - Ying Li
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Yanting Wang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Youmei Wang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Guosheng Xie
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Feng-Wu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Liangcai Peng
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Lingqiang Wang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
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18
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Fletcher E, Gao K, Mercurio K, Ali M, Baetz K. Yeast chemogenomic screen identifies distinct metabolic pathways required to tolerate exposure to phenolic fermentation inhibitors ferulic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and coniferyl aldehyde. Metab Eng 2018; 52:98-109. [PMID: 30471359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of plant material into biofuels and high value products is a two-step process of hydrolysing plant lignocellulose and next fermenting the sugars produced. However, lignocellulosic hydrolysis not only frees sugars for fermentation it simultaneously generates toxic chemicals, including phenolic compounds which severely inhibit yeast fermentation. To understand the molecular basis of phenolic compound toxicity, we performed genome-wide chemogenomic screens in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to identify deletion mutants that were either hypersensitive or resistant to three common phenolic compounds found in plant hydrolysates: coniferyl aldehyde, ferulic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Despite being similar in structure, our screen revealed that yeast utilizes distinct pathways to tolerate phenolic compound exposure. Furthermore, although each phenolic compound induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), ferulic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid-induced a general cytoplasmic ROS distribution while coniferyl aldehyde-induced ROS partially localized to the mitochondria and to a lesser extent, the endoplasmic reticulum. We found that the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme Zwf1, which catalyzes the rate limiting step of pentose phosphate pathway, is required for reducing the accummulation of coniferyl aldehyde-induced ROS, potentially through the sequestering of Zwf1 to sites of ROS accumulation. Our novel insights into biological impact of three common phenolic inhibitors will inform the engineering of yeast strains with improved efficiency of biofuel and biochemical production in the presence hydrolysate-derived phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Fletcher
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Kai Gao
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Kevin Mercurio
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Mariam Ali
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Kristin Baetz
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5.
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19
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Fitz E, Wanka F, Seiboth B. The Promoter Toolbox for Recombinant Gene Expression in Trichoderma reesei. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:135. [PMID: 30364340 PMCID: PMC6193071 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The ascomycete Trichoderma reesei is one of the main fungal producers of cellulases and xylanases based on its high production capacity. Its enzymes are applied in food, feed, and textile industry or in lignocellulose hydrolysis in biofuel and biorefinery industry. Over the last years, the demand to expand the molecular toolbox for T. reesei to facilitate genetic engineering and improve the production of heterologous proteins grew. An important instrument to modify the expression of key genes are promoters to initiate and control their transcription. To date, the most commonly used promoter for T. reesei is the strong inducible promoter of the main cellobiohydrolase cel7a. Beside this one, there is a number of alternative inducible promoters derived from other cellulase- and xylanase encoding genes and a few constitutive promoters. With the advances in genomics and transcriptomics the identification of new constitutive and tunable promoters with different expression strength was simplified. In this review, we will discuss new developments in the field of promoters and compare their advantages and disadvantages. Synthetic expression systems constitute a new option to control gene expression and build up complex gene circuits. Therefore, we will address common structural features of promoters and describe options for promoter engineering and synthetic design of promoters. The availability of well-characterized gene expression control tools is essential for the analysis of gene function, detection of bottlenecks in gene networks and yield increase for biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Fitz
- Research Division Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB) GmbH, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Wanka
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB) GmbH, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Seiboth
- Research Division Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB) GmbH, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
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20
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A flexible loop for mannan recognition and activity enhancement in a bifunctional glycoside hydrolase family 5. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:513-521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Ahmad A, Hartman HB, Krishnakumar S, Fell DA, Poolman MG, Srivastava S. A Genome Scale Model of Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius (C56-YS93) reveals its biotechnological potential on rice straw hydrolysate. J Biotechnol 2017; 251:30-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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22
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Mohapatra S, Dandapat SJ, Thatoi H. Physicochemical characterization, modelling and optimization of ultrasono-assisted acid pretreatment of two Pennisetum sp. using Taguchi and artificial neural networking for enhanced delignification. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 187:537-549. [PMID: 27865731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Acid as well as ultrasono-assisted acid pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass of two Pennisetum sp.; Denanath grass (DG) and Hybrid Napier grass (HNG) have been investigated for enhanced delignification and maximum exposure of cellulose for production of bioethanol. Screening of pretreatment with different acids such as H2SO4, HCl, H3PO4 and H2NO3 were optimized for different temperature, soaking time and acid concentrations using Taguchi orthogonal array and the data obtained were statistically validated using artificial neural networking. HCl was found to be the most effective acid for pretreatment of both the Pennisetum sp. The optimized conditions of HCl pretreatment were acid concentration of 1% and 1.5%, soaking time 130 and 50 min and temperature 121 °C and 110 °C which yielded maximum delignification of 33.0% and 33.8% for DG and HNG respectively. Further ultrosono-assisted HCl pretreatment with a power supply of 100 W, temperature of 353 K, and duty cycle of 70% has resulted in significantly higher delignification of 80.4% and 82.1% for both DG and HNG respectively than that of acid pretreatment. Investigation using SEM, FTIR and autofloresence microscopy for both acid and ultrasono-assisted acid pretreatment lignocellulosic biomass revealed conformational changes of pretreated lignocellulosic biomass with decreased lignin content and increased exposure of cellulose, with greater effectiveness in case of ultrasono assisted acid pretreatment condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Mohapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, Biju Pattnaik University of Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Snigdha Jyotsna Dandapat
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, Biju Pattnaik University of Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Hrudayanath Thatoi
- Department of Biotechnology, North Orissa University, Sriramchandra Vihar, Takatpur, Baripada, 757003, Odisha, India.
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23
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Singh N, Mathur AS, Tuli DK, Gupta RP, Barrow CJ, Puri M. Cellulosic ethanol production via consolidated bioprocessing by a novel thermophilic anaerobic bacterium isolated from a Himalayan hot spring. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:73. [PMID: 28344648 PMCID: PMC5361838 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0756-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellulose-degrading thermophilic anaerobic bacterium as a suitable host for consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) has been proposed as an economically suited platform for the production of second-generation biofuels. To recognize the overall objective of CBP, fermentation using co-culture of different cellulolytic and sugar-fermenting thermophilic anaerobic bacteria has been widely studied as an approach to achieving improved ethanol production. We assessed monoculture and co-culture fermentation of novel thermophilic anaerobic bacterium for ethanol production from real substrates under controlled conditions. RESULTS In this study, Clostridium sp. DBT-IOC-C19, a cellulose-degrading thermophilic anaerobic bacterium, was isolated from the cellulolytic enrichment cultures obtained from a Himalayan hot spring. Strain DBT-IOC-C19 exhibited a broad substrate spectrum and presented single-step conversion of various cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates to ethanol, acetate, and lactate with ethanol being the major fermentation product. Additionally, the effect of varying cellulose concentrations on the fermentation performance of the strain was studied, indicating a maximum cellulose utilization ability of 10 g L-1 cellulose. Avicel degradation kinetics of the strain DBT-IOC-C19 displayed 94.6% degradation at 5 g L-1 and 82.74% degradation at 10 g L-1 avicel concentration within 96 h of fermentation. In a comparative study with Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1313, the ethanol and total product concentrations were higher by the newly isolated strain on pretreated rice straw at an equivalent substrate loading. Three different co-culture combinations were used on various substrates that presented two-fold yield improvement than the monoculture during batch fermentation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the direct fermentation ability of the novel thermophilic anaerobic bacteria on various cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates into ethanol without the aid of any exogenous enzymes, representing CBP-based fermentation approach. Here, the broad substrate utilization spectrum of isolated cellulolytic thermophilic anaerobic bacterium was shown to be of potential utility. We demonstrated that the co-culture strategy involving novel strains is efficient in improving ethanol production from real substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Singh
- Bioprocessing Laboratory, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217 Australia
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advance Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007 India
| | - Anshu S. Mathur
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advance Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007 India
| | - Deepak K. Tuli
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advance Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007 India
| | - Ravi. P. Gupta
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advance Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007 India
| | - Colin J. Barrow
- Bioprocessing Laboratory, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217 Australia
| | - Munish Puri
- Bioprocessing Laboratory, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217 Australia
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, Medical Biotechnology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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24
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Fathy NA. Carbon nanotubes synthesis using carbonization of pretreated rice straw through chemical vapor deposition of camphor. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04882c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a pressing demand to prepare low-cost carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from renewable biomass resources as cheap carbon precursors and catalyst supports during chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nady A. Fathy
- Physical Chemistry Department
- National Research Centre
- Giza
- Egypt
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25
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Elumalai S, Agarwal B, Runge TM, Sangwan RS. Integrated two-stage chemically processing of rice straw cellulose to butyl levulinate. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 150:286-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.04.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Abraham A, Mathew AK, Sindhu R, Pandey A, Binod P. Potential of rice straw for bio-refining: An overview. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 215:29-36. [PMID: 27067674 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The biorefinery approach for the production of fuels and chemicals is gaining more and more attraction in recent years. The major advantages of biorefineries are the generation of multiple products with complete utilization of biomass with zero waste generation. Moreover the process will be economically viable when it targets low volume high value products in addition to high volume low value products like bioethanol. The present review discuss about the potential of rice straw based biorefinery. Since rice is a major staple food for many Asian countries, the utilization of the rice straw residue for fuel and chemicals would be very economical. The review focuses the availability and the potential of this residue for the production of fuel and other high value chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amith Abraham
- Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Anil Kuruvilla Mathew
- Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India.
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27
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Kumar AK, Parikh BS, Pravakar M. Natural deep eutectic solvent mediated pretreatment of rice straw: bioanalytical characterization of lignin extract and enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated biomass residue. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9265-75. [PMID: 26032452 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation demonstrated pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass rice straw using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs), and separation of high-quality lignin and holocellulose in a single step. Qualitative analysis of the NADES extract showed that the extracted lignin was of high purity (>90 %), and quantitative analysis showed that nearly 60 ± 5 % (w/w) of total lignin was separated from the lignocellulosic biomass. Addition of 5.0 % (v/v) water during pretreatment significantly enhanced the total lignin extraction, and nearly 22 ± 3 % more lignin was released from the residual biomass into the NADES extract. X-ray diffraction studies of the untreated and pretreated rice straw biomass showed that the crystallinity index ratio was marginally decreased from 46.4 to 44.3 %, indicating subtle structural alterations in the crystalline and amorphous regions of the cellulosic fractions. Thermogravimetric analysis of the pretreated biomass residue revealed a slightly higher T dcp (295 °C) compared to the T dcp (285 °C) of untreated biomass. Among the tested NADES reagents, lactic acid/choline chloride at molar ratio of 5:1 extracted maximum lignin of 68 ± 4 mg g(-1) from the rice straw biomass, and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of the residual holocellulose enriched biomass showed maximum reducing sugars of 333 ± 11 mg g(-1) with a saccharification efficiency of 36.0 ± 3.2 % in 24 h at 10 % solids loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adepu K Kumar
- Bioconversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Post box No. 2, near BVM Engineering College, Vallabh Vidyanagar, 388 120, Gujarat, India.
| | - Bhumika S Parikh
- Bioconversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Post box No. 2, near BVM Engineering College, Vallabh Vidyanagar, 388 120, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohanty Pravakar
- Thermochemical Conversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Post box No. 2, near BVM Engineering College, Vallabh Vidyanagar, 388 120, Gujarat, India
- Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110 070, India
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28
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Masran R, Zanirun Z, Bahrin EK, Ibrahim MF, Lai Yee P, Abd-Aziz S. Harnessing the potential of ligninolytic enzymes for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:5231-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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29
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Wang F, Jiang Y, Guo W, Niu K, Zhang R, Hou S, Wang M, Yi Y, Zhu C, Jia C, Fang X. An environmentally friendly and productive process for bioethanol production from potato waste. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:50. [PMID: 26941837 PMCID: PMC4776430 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0464-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND China is the largest sweet potato producer and exporter in the world. Sweet potato residues (SPRs) separated after extracting starch account for more than 10 % of the total dry matter of sweet potatoes. In China, more than 2 million tons of SPRs cannot be utilized, and the unutilized SPRs are perishable and result in environmental pollution. Thus, an environmentally friendly and highly efficient process for bioethanol production from SPRs should be developed. RESULTS The swelling behaviour of cellulose causes high-gravity sweet potato residues to be recalcitrant to enzymatic hydrolysis. Cellulase plays a major role in viscosity reduction and glucose production. In contrast, pectinase has a minor role in viscosity reduction but acts as a "helper protein" to assist cellulase in liberating glucose, especially at low cellulase activity levels. In total, 153.46 and 168.13 g/L glucose were produced from high-gravity SPRs with cellulase and a mixture of cellulase and pectinase, respectively. These hydrolysates were fermented to form 73.37 and 79.00 g/L ethanol, respectively. Each kilogram of dry SPR was converted to form 209.62 and 225.71 g of ethanol, respectively. CONCLUSION The processes described in this study have an enormous potential for industrial production of bioethanol because they are environmentally friendly, highly productive, economic with low cost, and can be easily manipulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhong Wang
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
- />School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Yi Jiang
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Wei Guo
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Kangle Niu
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Ruiqing Zhang
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Shaoli Hou
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Yong Yi
- />Shandong Bio Sunkeen Co., Ltd, Jining, Shandong China
| | | | - Chunjiang Jia
- />School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Xu Fang
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
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Prospects for Irradiation in Cellulosic Ethanol Production. BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:157139. [PMID: 26839707 PMCID: PMC4709612 DOI: 10.1155/2015/157139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Second generation bioethanol production technology relies on lignocellulosic biomass composed of hemicelluloses, celluloses, and lignin components. Cellulose and hemicellulose are sources of fermentable sugars. But the structural characteristics of lignocelluloses pose hindrance to the conversion of these sugar polysaccharides into ethanol. The process of ethanol production, therefore, involves an expensive and energy intensive step of pretreatment, which reduces the recalcitrance of lignocellulose and makes feedstock more susceptible to saccharification. Various physical, chemical, biological, or combined methods are employed to pretreat lignocelluloses. Irradiation is one of the common and promising physical methods of pretreatment, which involves ultrasonic waves, microwaves, γ-rays, and electron beam. Irradiation is also known to enhance the effect of saccharification. This review explains the role of different radiations in the production of cellulosic ethanol.
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31
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Dong SJ, Lin XH, Li H. Regulation of Lactobacillus plantarum contamination on the carbohydrate and energy related metabolisms of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during bioethanol fermentation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 68:33-41. [PMID: 26279142 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
During the industrial bioethanol fermentation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells are often stressed by bacterial contaminants, especially lactic acid bacteria. Generally, lactic acid bacteria contamination can inhibit S. cerevisiae cell growth through secreting lactic acid and competing with yeast cells for micronutrients and living space. However, whether are there still any other influences of lactic acid bacteria on yeast or not? In this study, Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 was co-cultivated with S. cerevisiae S288c to mimic the L. plantarum contamination in industrial bioethanol fermentation. The contaminative L. plantarum-associated expression changes of genes involved in carbohydrate and energy related metabolisms in S. cerevisiae cells were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the influence of L. plantarum on carbon source utilization and energy related metabolism in yeast cells during bioethanol fermentation. Contaminative L. plantarum influenced the expression of most of genes which are responsible for encoding key enzymes involved in glucose related metabolisms in S. cerevisiae. Specific for, contaminated L. plantarum inhibited EMP pathway but promoted TCA cycle, glyoxylate cycle, HMP, glycerol synthesis pathway, and redox pathway in S. cerevisiae cells. In the presence of L. plantarum, the carbon flux in S. cerevisiae cells was redistributed from fermentation to respiratory and more reducing power was produced to deal with the excess NADH. Moreover, L. plantarum contamination might confer higher ethanol tolerance to yeast cells through promoting accumulation of glycerol. These results also highlighted our knowledge about relationship between contaminative lactic acid bacteria and S. cerevisiae during bioethanol fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jun Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Hua Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Yeasmin S, Kim CH, Islam SMA, Lee JY. Comparison between solid-state and powder-state alkali pretreatment on saccharification and fermentation for bioethanol production from rice straw. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 46:229-37. [PMID: 25806867 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2015.1015563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of different concentrations of NaOH (0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.00%) for the pretreatment of rice straw in solid and powder state in enzymatic saccharification and fermentation for the production of bioethanol was evaluated. A greater amount of biomass was recovered through solid-state pretreatment (3.74 g) from 5 g of rice straw. The highest increase in the volume of rice straw powder as a result of swelling was observed with 1.00% NaOH pretreatment (48.07%), which was statistically identical to 0.75% NaOH pretreatment (32.31%). The surface of rice straw was disrupted by the 0.75% NaOH and 1.00% NaOH pretreated samples as observed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, absorbance of hydroxyl groups at 1,050 cm(-1) due to the OH group of lignin was gradually decreased with the increase of NaOH concentration. The greatest amounts of glucose and ethanol were obtained in 1.00% NaOH solid-state pretreated and powder-state hydrolyzed samples (0.804 g g(-1) and 0.379 g g(-1), respectively), which was statistically similar to the use of 0.75% NaOH (0.763 g g(-1) and 0.358 g g(-1), respectively). Thus, solid-state pretreatment with 0.75% NaOH and powder-state hydrolysis appear to be suitable for fermentation and bioethanol production from rice straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabina Yeasmin
- a Department of Forest Products, IALS , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , South Korea
| | - Chul-Hwan Kim
- a Department of Forest Products, IALS , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , South Korea
| | - Shah Md Asraful Islam
- b Department of Plant Pathology , Patuakhali Science and Technology University , Dumki , Patuakhali , Bangladesh
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- a Department of Forest Products, IALS , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , South Korea
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