1
|
Stibbards-Lyle M, Malinovska J, Badawy S, Schedin P, Rinker KD. Status of breast cancer detection in young women and potential of liquid biopsy. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1398196. [PMID: 38835377 PMCID: PMC11148378 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1398196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Young onset breast cancer (YOBC) is an increasing demographic with unique biology, limited screening, and poor outcomes. Further, women with postpartum breast cancers (PPBCs), cancers occurring up to 10 years after childbirth, have worse outcomes than other young breast cancer patients matched for tumor stage and subtype. Early-stage detection of YOBC is critical for improving outcomes. However, most young women (under 45) do not meet current age guidelines for routine mammographic screening and are thus an underserved population. Other challenges to early detection in this population include reduced performance of standard of care mammography and reduced awareness. Women often face significant barriers in accessing health care during the postpartum period and disadvantaged communities face compounding barriers due to systemic health care inequities. Blood tests and liquid biopsies targeting early detection may provide an attractive option to help address these challenges. Test development in this area includes understanding of the unique biology involved in YOBC and in particular PPBCs that tend to be more aggressive and deadly. In this review, we will present the status of breast cancer screening and detection in young women, provide a summary of some unique biological features of YOBC, and discuss the potential for blood tests and liquid biopsy platforms to address current shortcomings in timely, equitable detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Stibbards-Lyle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Julia Malinovska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Seleem Badawy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Pepper Schedin
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Kristina D Rinker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pappas L, Baiev I, Reyes S, Bocobo AG, Jain A, Spencer K, Le TM, Rahma OE, Maurer J, Stanton J, Zhang K, De Armas AD, Deleon TT, Roth M, Peters MLB, Zhu AX, Boyhen K, VanCott C, Patel T, Roberts LR, Lindsey S, Horick N, Lennerz JK, Iafrate AJ, Goff LW, Mody K, Borad MJ, Shroff RT, Javle MM, Kelley RK, Goyal L. The Cholangiocarcinoma in the Young (CITY) Study: Tumor Biology, Treatment Patterns, and Survival Outcomes in Adolescent Young Adults With Cholangiocarcinoma. JCO Precis Oncol 2023; 7:e2200594. [PMID: 37561981 PMCID: PMC10581631 DOI: 10.1200/po.22.00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Increased awareness of the distinct tumor biology for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer has led to improvement in outcomes for this population. However, in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a paucity of data exist on the AYA population. To our knowledge, we present the largest study to date on AYA disease biology, treatment patterns, and survival outcomes in CCA. METHODS A multi-institutional cohort of patients with CCA diagnosed with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) or extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) was used for analysis. Retrospective chart review was conducted on patients who were 50 years old and younger (young; n = 124) and older than 50 years (older; n = 723). RESULTS Among 1,039 patients screened, 847 patients met eligibility (72% ICC, 28% ECC). Young patients had a larger median tumor size at resection compared with older patients (4.2 v 3.6 cm; P = .048), more commonly had N1 disease (65% v 43%; P = .040), and were more likely to receive adjuvant therapy (odds ratio, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.64 to 9.74). Tumors of young patients were more likely to harbor an FGFR2 fusion, BRAF mutation, or ATM mutation (P < .05 for each). Young patients were more likely to receive palliative systemic therapy (96% v 69%; P < .001), targeted therapy (23% v 8%; P < .001), and treatment on a clinical trial (31% v 19%; P = .004). Among patients who presented with advanced disease, young patients had a higher median overall survival compared with their older counterparts (17.7 v 13.5 months; 95% CI, 12.6 to 22.6 v 11.4 to 14.8; P = .049). CONCLUSION Young patients with CCA had more advanced disease at resection, more commonly received both adjuvant and palliative therapies, and demonstrated improved survival compared with older patients. Given the low clinical trial enrollment and poor outcomes among some AYA cancer populations, data to the contrary in CCA are highly encouraging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leontios Pappas
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Islam Baiev
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Andrea Grace Bocobo
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Apurva Jain
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kristen Spencer
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Tri Minh Le
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Osama E. Rahma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Jordan Maurer
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jen Stanton
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
| | - Karen Zhang
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Anaemy Danner De Armas
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Marc Roth
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Luke's Cancer Institute, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Andrew X. Zhu
- Jiahui International Cancer Center, Jiahui Health, Shanghai, China
- I-MAB Biopharma, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Tushar Patel
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Lewis R. Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Nora Horick
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jochen K. Lennerz
- Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - A. John Iafrate
- Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Kabir Mody
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Mitesh J. Borad
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Rachna T. Shroff
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Milind M. Javle
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - R. Katie Kelley
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lipika Goyal
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto, CA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Basmadjian RB, Chow K, Kim D, Kenney M, Lukmanji A, O'Sullivan DE, Xu Y, Quan ML, Cheung WY, Lupichuk S, Brenner DR. The Association between Early-Onset Diagnosis and Clinical Outcomes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071923. [PMID: 37046584 PMCID: PMC10093252 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-onset diagnosis, defined by age <40 years, has historically been associated with inferior outcomes in breast cancer. Recent evidence suggests that this association is modified by molecular subtype. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to synthesize evidence on the association between early-onset diagnosis and clinical outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Studies comparing the risk of clinical outcomes in non-metastatic TNBC between early-onset patients and later-onset patients (≥40 years) were queried in Medline and EMBASE from inception to February 2023. Separate meta-analyses were performed for breast cancer specific survival (BCSS), overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS), locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS), distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS), and pathological complete response (pCR). In total, 7581 unique records were identified, and 36 studies satisfied inclusion criteria. The pooled risk of any recurrence was significantly greater in early-onset patients compared to later-onset patients. Better BCSS and OS were observed in early-onset patients relative to later-onset patients aged >60 years. The pooled odds of achieving pCR were significantly higher in early-onset patients. Future studies should evaluate the role of locoregional management of TNBC and the implementation of novel therapies such as PARP inhibitors in real-world settings, and whether they improve outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Basmadjian
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Kristian Chow
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada
| | - Dayoung Kim
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada
| | - Matthew Kenney
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada
| | - Aysha Lukmanji
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Dylan E O'Sullivan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Research & Analytics, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2S 3C3, Canada
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - May Lynn Quan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Winson Y Cheung
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada
| | - Sasha Lupichuk
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada
| | - Darren R Brenner
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nath S, Mukhopadhyay A, Roy S, Saha S, Majumder S, Dey S, Bhattacharyya S, Gupta A. A comparative analysis of features and outcome of breast cancer in younger versus older women: A single center experience from Eastern Indian subcontinent. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:S59-S66. [PMID: 37147984 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_664_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Globally, breast cancer is the leading malignancy in females. Indeed, Asian cohorts show prevalence of breast cancer among women with ages below 40 years. Moreover, these younger cases are globally characterized by poorer prognostic features as well as survival outcomes, than older sufferers with ages above 40 years. Despite this, comparative analyses between older and younger cohorts are sparse from India, where data from the country's eastern part falls shortest. This study attempted a comprehensive analysis of breast cancer between these two cohorts representing the Eastern Indian subcontinent. Methods Documenting retrospective case-files registered between 2010 and 2015, 394 cases of younger (<40 years) and 1250 older (≥40 years) sufferers of primary breast cancer were noted. The relevant features and follow-up information were also retrieved. Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to evaluate the survival outcome. Results The data, in general, revealed a high percentage of younger sufferers from Eastern Indian regions. Moreover, this younger cohort showed poor survival. Among the younger cohort, cases with poor pathological features (triple negative, node-positive, grade III) were proportionately higher than the older cohort. Indeed, survival among these categories scored significantly low, compared to the older cohort. Conclusion This Eastern Indian subcontinental data matched the analyses from other parts of India as well as Asian data and clearly showed the prevalence of younger sufferers of breast cancer with poor clinico-pathological features and survival outcomes. Impact Analyzing age-based features and outcomes from Eastern India, this study provides data in supplementing Indian and Asian scenarios of breast cancer.
Collapse
|
5
|
Abdulla KP, Augustine P, Radhakrishnan N, Bhargavan R, Krishna KMJ, Cherian K. Is Young Age an Independent Prognostic Factor in Carcinoma Breast? A Single-Institution Retrospective Comparative Study from South India. Indian J Surg Oncol 2022; 13:783-788. [PMID: 36687252 PMCID: PMC9845507 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-022-01542-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women globally(1). It is usually a disease of old age. The incidence of breast cancer in females younger than 40 years is as low as 0.5%. Disease in patients with age less than or equal to 40 years at diagnosis is usually considered a young breast cancer(2). Occurrence of more adverse pathological features like triple negative and Her2 positive breast cancer as well as lacking reliable screening methods in young women leads to the poor prognosis in this group of patients(3). In the present study we aim to find the clinical and pathological characteristics of breast cancer in young women and their survival outcome for 5 years comparing the same with those characteristics of the older patients. Patients with nonmetastatic carcinoma breast who had registered at Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, during the year 2012 were selected for the study. Patient's details including the clinicopathological features, treatment details, oncologic outcomes including recurrence, and survival data until 31 July 2019 were collected from treatment files kept in the hospital and via telephonic interview. Kaplan-Meier method was employed for survival analysis. Survival comparison was done using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was done for assessing the risk. Out of 1611 curatively treated patients with carcinoma breast, 281 (17.44%) were young breast cancer (equal to or less than 40 years). The median follow-up period was 82 months. Median age of diagnosis was 51.3 years. Young patients presented with larger tumour size, but nodal stage and composite stage, were not different. They had more TNBC status, 35% vs. 24%, p = 0.001. Young patient group had a drop in 5-year OS but statistically insignificant (75.9% vs. 82.5%, p = 0.179) and marginally significant drop in DFS (68.1% vs. 73.8%, p = 0.064). The proportion of young breast cancer is very high in the Indian population. Age is not an independent risk factor for worse prognosis. T and N stage, Her2nue status, and adequacy of nodal clearance are the most important independent risk factors deciding the 5-year OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Augustine
- Department of Surgical Oncology, RCC, Trivandrum, Kerala India
| | | | | | | | - Kurian Cherian
- Department of Surgical Oncology, RCC, Trivandrum, Kerala India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Koshariya M, Shukla S, Ansari F, Khare V. Breast Carcinoma in Young Females: A Prospective Study in Terms of Clinicopathological Presentation at a Tertiary Care Center in India. Cureus 2022; 14:e27237. [PMID: 36035040 PMCID: PMC9399668 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The incidence of breast carcinoma in young women is on the rise, particularly in developing Asian countries like India. Owing to a unique presentation in terms of genetic background, clinical features, and histological characteristics, the prognosis becomes challenging, which therefore entails a detailed study for better understanding and management of the disease. This study aimed to establish the role of clinical and pathological parameters in breast cancer disease in young women. Methods: This was a prospective comparative study conducted at the Department of Surgery, Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal, India, which spanned a total duration of one year between November 2018 and October 2019, and included a total of 98 consecutive in-house breast carcinoma patients. The patients were categorized into two groups based on age, i.e., the young age group (age < 40 years) and the old age group (age ≥ 40 years). Results: Of the patients, 37 fell in the young age group and 61 in the old age group. There was a significant association between positive family history of breast carcinoma and young age (p = 0.01). Estrogen and progesterone receptor positivity was found to be associated more commonly with old age group patients. The proportion of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/neu over-expression was higher among the young age group. Triple negativity was more frequently observed amongst young age group patients. Conclusion: Hormone receptor analysis should be an absolute part of the initial work-up of breast carcinoma. Raising awareness among women in society should be of paramount importance. Family history is crucial, particularly in young women, and should not be dismissed. With timely presentation and effective diagnosis, a safer state with a relatively better prognosis can be achieved.
Collapse
|
7
|
Beauvais DM, Nelson SE, Adams KM, Stueven NA, Jung O, Rapraeger AC. Plasma membrane proteoglycans syndecan-2 and syndecan-4 engage with EGFR and RON kinase to sustain carcinoma cell cycle progression. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102029. [PMID: 35569509 PMCID: PMC9190016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a causal factor in carcinoma, yet many carcinoma patients are resistant to EGFR inhibitors. Potential insight into this resistance stems from prior work that showed EGFR in normal epithelial cells docks to the extracellular domain of the plasma membrane proteoglycan syndecan-4 (Sdc4) engaged with α3β1 and α6β4 integrins. We now report that this receptor complex is modified by the recruitment of syndecan-2 (Sdc2), the Recepteur d'Origine Nantais (RON) tyrosine kinase, and the cellular signaling mediator Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (ABL1) in triple-negative breast carcinoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, where it contributes to EGFR kinase-independent proliferation. Treatment with a peptide mimetic of the EGFR docking site in the extracellular domain of Sdc4 (called SSTNEGFR) disrupts the entire complex and causes a rapid, global arrest of the cell cycle. Normal epithelial cells do not recruit these additional receptors to the adhesion mechanism and are not arrested by SSTNEGFR. Although EGFR docking with Sdc4 in the tumor cells is required, cell cycle progression does not depend on EGFR kinase. Instead, progression depends on RON kinase, activated by its incorporation into the complex. RON activates ABL1, which suppresses p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and prevents a p38-mediated signal that would otherwise arrest the cell cycle. These findings add to the growing list of receptor tyrosine kinases that support tumorigenesis when activated by their association with syndecans at sites of matrix adhesion and identify new potential targets for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- DeannaLee M Beauvais
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Scott E Nelson
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kristin M Adams
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Noah A Stueven
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Oisun Jung
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alan C Rapraeger
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hamm C, Fifield BA, Kay A, Kulkarni S, Gupta R, Mathews J, Ferraiuolo RM, Al-Wahsh H, Mailloux E, Hussein A, Porter LA. A prospective phase II clinical trial identifying the optimal regimen for carboplatin plus standard backbone of anthracycline and taxane-based chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer. Med Oncol 2022; 39:49. [PMID: 35103812 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01637-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Addition of platinums to combination chemotherapy for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has shown efficacy and is increasingly accepted in the clinic, yet optimal delivery is unknown. A prospective clinical trial with TNBC patients was conducted to determine the optimal chemotherapy regimen to deliver carboplatin with standard dose dense ACT. Tissue microarray was conducted to isolate markers indicative of response to treatment. 90 TNBC patients were enrolled onto our trial. The most successful version placed the carboplatin on the second and final paclitaxel treatment with liberal hematological parameters. Our final regimen had the lowest grade 3 or 4 toxicities, no delays, no dose reductions of carboplatin, and 32% reduction in paclitaxel doses. Stage I (AJCC7) patients did well with carboplatin-based chemotherapy with zero relapse rate. Reduction in protein levels of androgen receptor and PD-L1 were found to be potential indicators of patient relapse. We have optimized a protocol for the addition of carboplatin to standard of care chemotherapy in TNBC patients. Early data indicates reduced protein levels of androgen receptor and PD-L1 as indicators of response to treatment.Trial registration This trial was registered at Canadian Cancer Trials. http://www.canadiancancertrials.ca/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hamm
- University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
- Western University, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
- Windsor Cancer Research Group, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- WE-SPARK Health Institute, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Bre-Anne Fifield
- University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
- Windsor Cancer Research Group, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Amin Kay
- University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
- Western University, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Swati Kulkarni
- University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
- Western University, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
- Windsor Cancer Research Group, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
- WE-SPARK Health Institute, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Rasna Gupta
- University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
- Western University, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
- Windsor Cancer Research Group, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - John Mathews
- University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
- Western University, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Rosa-Maria Ferraiuolo
- Windsor Cancer Research Group, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | | | - Emily Mailloux
- University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
- Windsor Cancer Research Group, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | | | - Lisa A Porter
- University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
- Windsor Cancer Research Group, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
- WE-SPARK Health Institute, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mallet A, Lusque A, Levy C, Pistilli B, Brain E, Pasquier D, Debled M, Thery JC, Gonçalves A, Desmoulins I, De La Motte Rouge T, Faure C, Ferrero JM, Eymard JC, Mouret-Reynier MA, Patsouris A, Cottu P, Dalenc F, Petit T, Payen O, Uwer L, Guiu S, Sébastien Frenel J. Real-world evidence of the management and prognosis of young women (⩽40 years) with de novo metastatic breast cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359211070362. [PMID: 35082924 PMCID: PMC8785354 DOI: 10.1177/17588359211070362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) in young women merits a specific approach given the associated fertility, genetic and psychosocial issues. De novo metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in young women is an even more serious condition, with limited data available. Methods: We evaluated management of women aged ⩽40 years with de novo MBC in a real-life national multicentre cohort of 22,463 patients treated between 2008 and 2016 (NCT0327531). Our primary objective was to compare overall survival (OS) in young women versus women aged 41–69 years. The secondary objectives were to compare first-line progression-free survival (PFS1) and to describe treatment patterns. Results: Of the 4524 women included, 598 (13%) were ⩽40 years. Median age at MBC diagnosis was 36 years (range = 20–40). Compared with women aged 41–69 years, young women had more grade III tumours (49% versus 35.7%, p < 0.0001), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 amplified (HER2+) disease (34.6% versus 26.4%, p < 0.0001) and HR–/HER2– disease known as “triple negative breast cancer” (TNBC) (17.1% versus 12.7%, p < 0.0001). BRCA testing was performed for 260 young women, with a BRCA1/2 mutation in 44 (17% of those tested) In young HR+/HER2– patients, chemotherapy (CT) was given as the frontline treatment more frequently compared with older ones (89.6% versus 68.8%, respectively, p < 0.0001). After median follow-up of 49.7 months (95% confidence interval, CI = 48.0–51.7), the median OS of young women was 58.5 months, 20.7 months and not attained in HR+/HER2–, TNBC and HER2+ subgroups, respectively. After adjustment for histological subtype, tumour grade, and number and type of metastasis, young women had significantly better OS compared with older ones, except for the TNBC subgroup, for which the outcome was similar. PFS1 was statistically different only in the TNBC subgroup, with 7.8 months for young women and 6.3 months for older women ( p = 0.0015). Conclusion: De novo MBC affects a significant proportion of young women. A subgroup of these patients achieves long OS and merits multidisciplinary care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Mallet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest – René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Amélie Lusque
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Claudius Regaud – IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Christelle Levy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Barbara Pistilli
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Etienne Brain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - David Pasquier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France
| | - Marc Debled
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonie, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Anthony Gonçalves
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Desmoulins
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | | | - Christelle Faure
- Department of Surgery Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Jean Marc Ferrero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Anne Patsouris
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest – Paul Papin, Angers, France
| | - Paul Cottu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Etablissement Hospitalier Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Florence Dalenc
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud – IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Petit
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Payen
- Department of Real World Data, Data Unit, Unicancer, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Uwer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Séverine Guiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Sébastien Frenel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest – René Gauducheau, Boulevard Jacques Monod, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sudhir R, Sannapareddy K, Potlapalli A, Penmetsa V. Clinico-radio-pathological Features and Biological Behavior of Breast Cancer in Young Indian Women: A Prospective Study. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2021; 31:323-332. [PMID: 34556915 PMCID: PMC8448222 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1734342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The aim of the study is to evaluate the characteristic imaging features of breast cancer on mammogram, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in women less than 40 years of age and to assess the degree of correlation between clinico-radio-pathological features and biological behavior. Methods and Materials A prospective observational study on consecutive women under 40 years of age evaluated with ultrasound of breast, digital mammogram, or contrast-enhanced breast MRI, diagnosed with breast cancer on histopathology and molecular analysis done at our center between January and December 2019 were included. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, family history, BRCA mutation status, imaging, pathological findings, and molecular status were determined. Results Out of 2,470 women diagnosed with breast cancer, 354 (14.3%) were less than 40 years of age who were included in this study. Mammography showed positive findings in 85%, ultrasonography in 94.3%, and MRI in 96.4% of women. Majority of the women (69.6%) presented in the late stage (Stage III and IV) with high-grade carcinoma in 39.5% and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in 45.7%. Tumors with human epidermal growth factor-2neu expression were associated with the presence of microcalcifications ( p -value = 0.006), and TNBC with circumscribed margins or BI-RADS 3/4a category on imaging ( p -value = 0.007) and high-grade invasive carcinoma compared with others ( p -value <0.0001). Conclusion The incidence of breast cancer in Indian women less than 40 years of age is relatively high as compared with the West. The detection of breast cancer in young women remains challenging due to dense breast tissue, lower incidence rate, and lack of regular breast screening. While ultrasound is the recommended imaging method for evaluation of breast under the age of 40 years, we found a better characterization of lesions and higher cancer detection rates when they were also evaluated with mammography and MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Sudhir
- Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Basavatarkam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kamala Sannapareddy
- Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Basavatarkam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Alekya Potlapalli
- Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Basavatarkam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vidhatri Penmetsa
- Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Basavatarkam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fabiano V, Mandó P, Rizzo M, Ponce C, Coló F, Loza M, Loza J, Amat M, Mysler D, Costanzo MV, Nervo A, Nadal J, Perazzo F, Chacón R. Breast Cancer in Young Women Presents With More Aggressive Pathologic Characteristics: Retrospective Analysis From an Argentine National Database. JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 6:639-646. [PMID: 32315233 PMCID: PMC7193768 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.19.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple studies have reported that breast cancer in young patients is associated with aggressive characteristics, and it is suggested that prognosis is worse independently of pathologic variables. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of the Breast Cancer Registry of the Argentinian Society of Mastology, including public and private centers. Patients ≤ 40 years of age at diagnosis were classified as "young," and patients ≤ 35 years of age at diagnosis were classified as "very young." Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to detect differences between groups. RESULTS Patients ≤ 40 years of age comprised 10.40% (739/7,105) of the participants, with an average age of 35.61 ± 4.04 years. Multivariate analysis showed that human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive tumor phenotype (odds ratio [OR], 1.82), nodal involvement (OR, 1.69), histologic grade (grade 3 OR, 1.41), and tumor size (T2 OR, 1.37; T3-T4, 1.47) were independently associated with younger age at diagnosis. Patients ≤ 35 years of age (n = 286), compared with patients 36 to 40 years of age, had a higher proportion of HER2 tumors (24.58% v 16.94%; P = .021), absence of progesterone receptor expression (29.85% v 22.95%; P = .043), and stage 3 cancer (29.34% v 18.52%; P < .001). Fewer breast-conserving surgeries (75.37% v 62.89%; P < .001) and more adjuvant chemotherapy (59.04% v 36.66%; P < 0.001) were reported in patients ≤ 40 years of age. CONCLUSION In the population studied, breast cancer in young women was associated with aggressive pathologic features and locally advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Moreover, tumor characteristics in very young patients with breast cancer nested in the population ≤ 40 years of age showed differences in important prognostic factors. More high-quality evidence is needed to improve treatment strategies in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Mandó
- Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manglio Rizzo
- Hospital Universitario Austral, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Ponce
- Instituto Alexander Fleming, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Coló
- Instituto Alexander Fleming, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Loza
- Instituto Alexander Fleming, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jose Loza
- Instituto Alexander Fleming, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mora Amat
- Instituto Alexander Fleming, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Mysler
- Instituto Alexander Fleming, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Adrián Nervo
- Instituto Alexander Fleming, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Nadal
- Instituto Alexander Fleming, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Perazzo
- Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Reinaldo Chacón
- Instituto Alexander Fleming, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Honma N, Ogata H, Yamada A, Matsuda Y, Kontani K, Miyashita M, Arai T, Sasaki E, Shibuya K, Mikami T, Sawaki M. Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic marker of triple-negative breast cancer in older women. Hum Pathol 2021; 111:10-20. [PMID: 33548251 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks an effective treatment target and is usually treated with chemotherapy. Treatment of older patients with TNBC, however, should be decided carefully because of the side effects of chemotherapy in this population. Some forms of TNBC are associated with a favorable prognosis and do not require chemotherapy. To optimize the treatment of older patients with TNBC, it is important to know the clinicopathological characteristics and a prognostic marker. In this study, classic clinicopathological factors, immunohistochemical characteristics (androgen receptor [AR], cytokeratin 5/6 [CK5/6], epidermal growth factor receptor), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and the clinical outcome based on the status of each biomarker were compared among a consecutive series of female patients with TNBC aged ≥75 years (n = 75) and among those aged 55-64 years matched for the pathological stage (n = 47) who underwent surgery without neoadjuvant therapy. TNBC with special histology (particularly apocrine carcinoma, pleomorphic invasive lobular carcinoma, and metaplastic carcinoma) was more frequent in the older group than in the younger group (35/75, 57% versus 11/47, 23%, P = 0.010). The AR positivity rate was higher in older patients than in younger patients, whereas TILs and CK5/6 exhibited the opposite results. In multivariate analyses, AR positivity was an independent predictor of a favorable outcome in older patients (lower recurrence rate), whereas the high level of TILs was favorable in younger patients (lower recurrence and mortality rates). AR positivity or apocrine morphology was frequent and predicts a favorable clinical outcome in older patients with TNBC, suggesting the importance of AR examination in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Honma
- Department of Pathology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Omori-Nishi 5-21-16, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Ogata
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Omori-Nishi 6-11-1, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Akimitsu Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsuda
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 1750-1, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kontani
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 1750-1, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Mika Miyashita
- Gerontological and Oncology Nursing, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tomio Arai
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Sakaecho 35-2, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Eiichi Sasaki
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Kanokoden 1-1, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Shibuya
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Omori-Nishi 5-21-16, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Tetuo Mikami
- Department of Pathology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Omori-Nishi 5-21-16, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Masataka Sawaki
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Kanokoden 1-1, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sharma D, Singh G. Breast cancer in young women: A retrospective study from tertiary care center of north India. South Asian J Cancer 2020; 6:51-53. [PMID: 28702404 PMCID: PMC5506807 DOI: 10.4103/2278-330x.208859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer in women worldwide. They have more aggressive clinical behaviour with poor outcomes in younger patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of age on prognosis of breast cancer in women above and under 40 years of age. Material and Methods: Medical record of 415 patients with invasive breast cancer were analysed from January 2011 to December 2014 in our department. The last was done in December 2015. All cases diagnosed with breast cancer stages I to IV were evaluated, and grouped on the basis of age [less than 40 and above 40 years]. Baseline categorical variables were analysed using the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Non categorical variable were analysed using t-test. Result: A total of 372 patients were reviewed because 42 patients defaulted. The median age at the time of diagnosis was 44.6 years (range 23 to 90 years). Metastasis to distant organs were more in women with age <40. Tumour relapse occurred in 131 cases, among which 84 cases died, 35 patients (26.31%) in less than 40 group vs. 49 patients (20.50%) in above 40 groups. The estimated median OS in the two groups are 32 and 41 months respectively. Conclusion: The biological behaviour of breast cancer in younger age group has been shown to be associated with aggressive nature and has a worse clinical outcome as compared to that in older group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Garima Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tiofack ATZ, Simo G, Ofon EA, bell ED, Kamla CM, Ananga SN, Roger T, Nana TN, Nguefack CT, Fewou A, Takongmo S, Lueong S. The TP63 Gene Polymorphism rs17506395 is Associated with Early Breast Cancer in Cameroon. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2199-2208. [PMID: 32856845 PMCID: PMC7771916 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.8.2199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is a leading female cancer worldwide and cause of cancer-related death, especially in developing countries. Genetic predispositions to BC development in African population is poorly studied, and meanwhile the SNP rs17506395 in TP63 gene locus has been associated with the development of breast cancer in Asian women, no investigation has been undertaken within African population. We investigated the impact of this polymorphism in a representative African population. METHODS We undertook a case-control study including 335 women, of which 111 were breast cancer patients and 224 controls. Using blood-derived germline DNA, PCR-RFLP was used to investigate the polymorphism of TP63 gene at rs17506395 locus. Unconditional logistic regression was used to study the association between the TP63 gene polymorphism and risk of BC development. After stratification into different age and ethno-linguistic groups as well as menopausal status, the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test was used to measure significance of the associations. RESULTS Comparing cases with controls, no significant associations between genotype and disease development was observed. Similarly, when cases were stratified according to menopausal status and ethno-linguistic groups, no significant association was observed between genotype and disease development. However, in women of 40 years and below, TT and TG genotypes were associated with breast cancer development. The minor G allele seems to protective against early breast cancer onset OR of 0.5 (95%CI = 0.26-0.94, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Our data revealed an association between rs15706395 and the risk of early breast cancer onset. The GG genotype seems to reduce the risk of early breast cancer. Larger studies are needed to confirm the potential of this SNP as biomarker for breast cancer prognostic. .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnol T Z Tiofack
- Molecular Parasitology & Entomology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroun.
| | - Gustave Simo
- Molecular Parasitology & Entomology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroun.
| | - Elvis A Ofon
- Molecular Parasitology & Entomology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroun.
| | - Ester Dina bell
- Medical Oncology, Direction of the Bonassama District Hospital, Douala, Cameroon.
| | - Chancelin M Kamla
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.
| | - Sidonie N Ananga
- Service of AnatomocytoPathotogy, General Hospital of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.
| | | | - Theophile N Nana
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Douala and Faculty of Medicine, University of Buea.
| | - Charlotte T Nguefack
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Douala and Faculty of Medicine, University of Buea.
| | - Adamou Fewou
- Service of AnatomocytoPathotogy, General Hospital of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Samuel Takongmo
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon.
- Medico-surgical center of Yaounde-Nsimeyong Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Smiths Lueong
- Molecular Parasitology & Entomology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroun.
- German Cancer Research Center, Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gulbahce HE, Bernard PS, Weltzien EK, Factor RE, Kushi LH, Caan BJ, Sweeney C. Differences in molecular features of triple-negative breast cancers based on the age at diagnosis. Cancer 2018; 124:4676-4684. [PMID: 30311638 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the proportion of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) diagnosed among older women is low, the number of TNBC cases is substantial because of the high incidence of breast cancer after the age of 65 years. The molecular features of TNBC in this age group have not been well described. METHODS This study examined a population-based cohort of women with stage I to III TNBC diagnosed between the ages of 25 and 91 years with the PAM50 gene expression subtyping assay. The concordance between the TNBC classification by immunohistochemistry and the gene expression classification by PAM50, the expression of individual genes, and 5-year recurrence and breast cancer mortality in older women (≥65 years old) and younger women (<50 years old) was assessed. RESULTS The molecular subtype distribution in TNBC was significantly different according to the age at diagnosis. TNBC was more likely to be classified as basal-like in women younger than 50 years (sensitivity, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.77-0.97) than women 65 years old or older (sensitivity, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.48-0.87); 35% of clinical TNBC cases in the latter group were the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-enriched subtype by molecular classification. Older women with TNBC also had significantly higher expression of ERBB2 and lower expression of all 10 proliferation-associated genes tested (P < .01). The risk of breast cancer death within 5 years was significantly higher in women with TNBC in comparison with women with hormone receptor-positive cancers in all age groups. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed differences in molecular subtypes among clinical TNBC cases based on patient age. A potentially targetable HER2-enriched group raises the possible need for intrinsic subtyping in older women with TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Evin Gulbahce
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Philip S Bernard
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Erin K Weltzien
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Rachel E Factor
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lawrence H Kushi
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Bette J Caan
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Carol Sweeney
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Carlson K, Chung A, Mirocha J, Donovan C, Estrada S, Siegel E, Giuliano A, Amersi F. Menopausal Status and Outcomes of BRCA Mutation Carriers with Breast Cancer. Am Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/000313481808401009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Outcomes based on menopausal status of breast cancer (BC) patients who are BRCA mutations carriers (BRCAm) are not well known. A prospective database identified 88 BRCAm with BC from 2005 to 2015. Of the 88 patients, 68 (77.3%) women were premenopausal (Pre-M) and 20 (22.7%) were postmenopausal (Post-M). In the Pre-M group, 52.9 per cent of patients had triple-negative (TN) BC, whereas in the Post-M group, there were more estrogen receptor +(65%; P = 0.129) and less TN (25%; P = 0.041) tumors. Median tumor size was significantly larger in the Pre-M group compared with the Post-M group ( P <0.001). Pre-M women were more likely to present with stage III cancers (14.7% vs 0%, respectively, P = 0.082). Ten-year overall survival was 87.9 per cent in the Pre-M group and 93.8 per cent in the Post-M group ( P = 0.44), and 25.3 per cent of Pre-M women had recurrences compared with 11.5 per cent of Post-M women ( P = 0.24). Premenopausal BRCAm with BC are more likely to have TN, higher stage disease, and twice the number of recurrences at 10 years than Post-M BRCAm. Our study is the first to show worse BC outcomes for Pre-M BRCAm compared with Post-M BRCAm women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kjirsten Carlson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alice Chung
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - James Mirocha
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Cory Donovan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sylvia Estrada
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Emily Siegel
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Armando Giuliano
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Farin Amersi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Erić I, Petek Erić A, Kristek J, Koprivčić I, Babić M. BREAST CANCER IN YOUNG WOMEN: PATHOLOGIC AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL FEATURES. Acta Clin Croat 2018; 57:497-502. [PMID: 31168183 PMCID: PMC6536281 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2018.57.03.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY – A young woman with breast cancer is considered to be a woman younger than 40. According to the literature, breast cancer in the population of young women usually is of a higher histologic grade, unfavorable hormonal status, and overall higher mortality rate when compared with breast cancer occurring in older population. We compared pathologic and immunohistochemical features of breast carcinoma in women under 40 years of age with the respective features in women over 60 years of age. The following parameters were observed in these two groups: tumor size, lymph node status, histologic grade, hormonal receptor status, Ki-67 prognostic index, Her2/neu status, and histologic type of the tumor. Early onset breast carcinoma was found to have a higher frequency of tumor grade 3 (29% vs. 17%) and estrogen receptor negativity (45% vs. 23%). In the group of young women, breast carcinoma was mostly multicentric (23% vs. 5%), triple-negative (32% vs. 10%), and was found to have higher proliferation index Ki-67 (25% vs. 10%). Our results confirmed differences between the young and older groups of patients. In the group of young women, we found predominantly unfavorable prognostic parameters of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anamarija Petek Erić
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 2Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Jozo Kristek
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 2Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivan Koprivčić
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 2Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marko Babić
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 2Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Meattini I, Pezzulla D, Saieva C, Bernini M, Orzalesi L, Sanchez LJ, Desideri I, Francolini G, Bonomo P, Greto D, Loi M, Mangoni M, Bruni A, Nori J, Vezzosi V, Bianchi S, Livi L. Triple Negative Apocrine Carcinomas as a Distinct Subtype of Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Case-control Study. Clin Breast Cancer 2018; 18:e773-e780. [PMID: 29573977 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive triple negative apocrine carcinoma (TNAC) of the breast is a rare type of triple negative breast cancer. Several studies reported significantly distinct prognosis for TNAC when compared with most of the non-apocrine triple negative (NATN) tumors. This is a case-control study reporting onoutcomes from our long-term single-center experience. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed the clinicopathologic features of a series of 46 TNAC tumors treated in a 15-year period. Tumor characteristics and outcomes have been compared with a homogeneous control series of 43 NATN tumors treated during the same follow-up period. Local relapse-free survival (LRFS), distant metastases-free survival (DMFS), and overall survival (OS) have been evaluated. RESULTS LRFS in the TNAC group was 85% and 78% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. LRFS in the NATN group was 90% and 79% at 5 and 10 years, respectively (hazard ratio [HR], 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41-3.19; P = .80). DMFS in the TNAC group was 85% and 85% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. DMFS in the NATN group was 85% and 75% at 5 and 10 years, respectively (HR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.14-1.08; P = .071). OS in the TNAC group was 86% and 83% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. OS in the NATN group was 86% and 63% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. OS was significantly better in the TNAC group (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.20-0.99; P = .049). CONCLUSIONS TNAC seems to represent a distinct group of triple negative breast cancer, characterized by a favorable long-term outcome when compared with NATN tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Icro Meattini
- Oncology Department, Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Donato Pezzulla
- Oncology Department, Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Calogero Saieva
- Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Bernini
- Breast Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Orzalesi
- Breast Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luis Jose Sanchez
- Breast Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Isacco Desideri
- Oncology Department, Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulio Francolini
- Oncology Department, Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Bonomo
- Oncology Department, Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Greto
- Oncology Department, Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mauro Loi
- Oncology Department, Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Mangoni
- Oncology Department, Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Bruni
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Modena Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Jacopo Nori
- Diagnostic Senology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Vania Vezzosi
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simonetta Bianchi
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Livi
- Oncology Department, Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Prognostic value of ABO blood types in young patients with breast cancer; a nationwide study in Korean Breast Cancer Society. Med Oncol 2017; 34:118. [PMID: 28500618 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-0974-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between ABO blood types and breast cancer survival in young Korean patients. This was a retrospective study of 115,474 patients who were surgically treated for primary breast cancer between 1987 and 2011 in Korea. All data were collected by the Korean Breast Cancer Society (KBCS) online breast cancer registry. Each hospital serologically examined the ABO blood types of patients before surgery. There was no significant difference in overall survival (OS) or breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) among ABO blood types. Type of surgery; T stage; N stage; histologic grade; status of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2; and chemotherapy were significant prognostic factors of OS and BCSS in univariate analysis and multivariate analyses. Compared to women with blood type O, there was a difference in OS and BCSS for blood type A, blood type B, or blood type AB. Compared to blood group non-O, patients with blood group O were more likely to have favorable prognosis when younger than 40 years. Further follow-up studies are necessary to clarify the role of the impact of ABO blood types on prognosis of breast cancer.
Collapse
|
20
|
Masili-Oku SM, Almeida BGLD, Bacchi CE, Filassi JR, Baracat EC, Carvalho FM. Lymphocyte-predominant triple-negative breast carcinomas in premenopausal patients: Lower expression of basal immunohistochemical markers. Breast 2017; 31:34-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
21
|
D'Aiuto M, Chirico A, De Riggi MA, Frasci G, De Laurentiis M, Di Bonito M, Vici P, Pizzuti L, Sergi D, Maugeri-Saccà M, Barba M, Giordano A. Body mass index and treatment outcomes following neoadjuvant therapy in women aged 45 y or younger: Evidence from a historic cohort. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:470-6. [PMID: 26934127 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1156265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Large and consistent evidence supports the role of body mass index (BMI) as a prognostic and predictive indicator in breast cancer. However, there is paucity of data specifically referred to women diagnosed at a young age across the different disease settings. We investigated the impact of BMI on treatment outcomes in 86 breast cancer patients aged 45 y or less treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) followed by surgery. METHODS Pathologic complete response (pCR) was defined as the eradication of cancer from both breast and lymph nodes. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method. Curves were compared by long rank test for significance. Potential predictors of survival were tested in Cox models. RESULTS We observed a pCR in 19 patients (22%). Lower values of BMI were more commonly associated with pCR (p = 0.05). Results from univariate, but not multivariate, models were somewhat supportive of higher pCR rates in leaner women (p = 0.06). None of the variables impacted DFS. OS was longer in leaner patients (medians and 95%CI: 74.6 months, 66.2-82.9 and 58.5 months, 49.6-67.4, p = 0.009). Longer OS was also related to lower T-stage, adjuvant radiotherapy (RT), and non triple negative (TN) subtype (p = 0.046, p = 0.024, and p = 0.015, respectively). Cox models confirmed the protective role of lower BMI (Hazard Ratios: 0.30, 95%CI: 0.12-0.71, p = 0.007), non TN subtype and adjuvant RT (p = 0.008 and p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS In young breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant CT followed by surgery, lower values of BMI are associated with longer OS. Our data also showed longer OS in association with a non TN molecular subtype and adjuvant RT. The modifiable nature of BMI and aggressive biologic behavior of the disease diagnosed at a young age encourage further studies to corroborate our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano D'Aiuto
- a Breast Department , National Cancer Institute of Naples IRCCS "G. Pascale" , Naples , Italy
| | - Andrea Chirico
- b Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine e del Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,c Department of Psychology of Developmental and Socialization Processes , La Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Frasci
- a Breast Department , National Cancer Institute of Naples IRCCS "G. Pascale" , Naples , Italy
| | - Michelino De Laurentiis
- a Breast Department , National Cancer Institute of Naples IRCCS "G. Pascale" , Naples , Italy
| | - Maurizio Di Bonito
- d Pathology Department , National Cancer Institute of Naples IRCCS "G.Pascale" , Naples , Italy
| | - Patrizia Vici
- e Division of Medical Oncology 2, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Laura Pizzuti
- e Division of Medical Oncology 2, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Domenico Sergi
- e Division of Medical Oncology 2, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Marcello Maugeri-Saccà
- e Division of Medical Oncology 2, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy.,f Scientific Direction, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Maddalena Barba
- e Division of Medical Oncology 2, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy.,f Scientific Direction, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- b Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine e del Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen HL, Ding A, Wang FW. Prognostic effect analysis of molecular subtype on young breast cancer patients. Chin J Cancer Res 2015; 27:428-36. [PMID: 26361413 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2015.08.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To make a prognostic effect analysis of molecular subtype on young breast cancer patients. METHODS Totally 187 cases of young breast cancer patients less than 40 years old treated in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University between June 2005 and June 2011 were included in our study. We described their clinical-pathological characteristics, disease-free survival (DFS) rate, and overall survival (OS) rate after a median follow-up period of 61 months. The factors associated with prognosis were also evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS All patients were premenopausal, with an average age of 35.36±3.88 years old. The mean tumor size was 2.43±1.53 cm. Eighty-one cases had lymph node metastasis (43.3%), 126 cases had lymphovascular invasion (67.4%), and 125 cases had histological grade III (66.8%) disease. Twenty-seven cases (14.4%) were Luminal A subtype, 99 cases (52.9%) were Luminal B subtype, 29 cases (15.5%) were human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) overexpression subtype, while 32 cases (17.1%) were triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype according to 2013 St Gallen expert consensus. One hundred and thirty-five cases underwent mastectomy whereas 52 cases had breast-conserving surgery. One hundred and seventy-eight cases underwent adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Recurrence or metastasis occurred in 29 cases, 13 of which died. The 5-year DFS and OS rates were 84% and 92%. Multivariate analysis showed that nodal status (P=0.041) and molecular subtype (P=0.037) were both independent prognostic factors of DFS, while nodal status (P=0.037) and TNBC subtype (P=0.048) were both independent prognostic factors of OS. CONCLUSIONS Molecular subtype is an independent prognostic factor of young breast cancer patients. TNBC has a high risk of relapse and death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Liang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ang Ding
- Department of Breast Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Fu-Wen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao Y, Dong X, Li R, Song J, Zhang D. Correlation Between Clinical-Pathologic Factors and Long-Term Follow-Up in Young Breast Cancer Patients. Transl Oncol 2015; 8:265-72. [PMID: 26310372 PMCID: PMC4562982 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Diagnosis of breast cancer in young patients (≤ 35) correlates with a worse prognosis compared to their older counterparts (> 35). The aim of this study is to evaluate the relevance of clinical-pathologic factors and prognosis in young (≤ 35) breast cancer patients. METHODS: One hundred thirty-two patients of operable breast cancer who were younger than 35 are analyzed in this study. They were treated in our hospital between January 2006 and December 2012. Patients are classified into four molecular subtypes based on the immunohistochemical profiles of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki-67. Clinical and pathologic factors have been combined to define a specific classification of three risk levels to evaluate the prognosis of these young women. RESULTS: Patients whose ages are less than 30 have poorer prognosis than patients whose ages are between 31 and 35. The status of lymph nodes post-surgery seems to be the only factor related to patient age in young patients. The patients in level of ER + or PR + and HER2 −/+ status have the worst prognosis in hormone receptor–positive breast cancer. Group 3 in risk factor grouping has the poorer prognosis than the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patient age and axillary lymph nodes post-surgery are the independent and significant predictors of distant disease-free survival, local recurrence-free survival, and overall survival. The absence of PR relates to poor prognosis. The risk factor grouping provides a useful index to evaluate the risk of young breast cancer to identify subgroups of patients with a better prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Dong
- Department of Ultrasonography, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rongguo Li
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yehia L, Boulos F, Jabbour M, Mahfoud Z, Fakhruddin N, El-Sabban M. Expression of HIF-1α and Markers of Angiogenesis Are Not Significantly Different in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Compared to Other Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes: Implications for Future Therapy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129356. [PMID: 26046764 PMCID: PMC4457831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple negative breast cancer lacks estrogen, progesterone and epidermal growth factor receptors rendering it refractory to available targetedtherapies. TNBC is associated with central fibrosis and necrosis, both indicators of tumor hypoxia. Hypoxia inducible factor 1α is up-regulated under hypoxia and its expression is associated with induction of angiogenesis resulting in proliferation, aggressive tumor phenotype and metastasis. In this study we evaluate the potential use of HIF-1α as aTNBC-specific marker. METHODS 62 TNBC, 64 HER2+, and 64 hormone-receptors positive breast cancer cases were evaluated for central fibrosis and necrosis, HIF-1α, HIF-1β, VEGFR3, CD31 expression and microvessel density. RNA extraction from paraffin-embedded samples, followed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) evaluation of HIF-1α and VEGF transcripts was performed on 54 cases (18 from each subtype). RESULTS HIF-1α protein was expressed in 35.5% TNBC, 45.3% HER2+and 25.0% ER+/PR+ (p = 0.055; χ2 test). PCRanalysis of subgroup of breast cancers, 84.2% expressed HIF-1α protein and its transcripts, while only 66.7% expressed VEGF transcripts simultaneously with the HIF-1α protein and its transcripts. Central fibrosis and necrosis was highest in TNBC (p = 0.015; χ2 test), while MVD was comparable among all groups (p = 0.928; χ2 test). VEGFR3 was highest in TNBC expressing HIF-1α. HIF-1β protein was expressed in 32.0% of HIF-1α(+), and in (44.3%) of HIF-1α(-) breast cancer cases (p = 0.033; χ2 test). Moreover, HIF-1α expression in cases with central fibrosis and necrosis was highest in the HER2+ followed by the TNBC (p = 0.156; χ2 test). CONCLUSIONS A proportion of TNBC express HIF-1α but not in a significantly different manner from other breast cancer subtypes. The potential of anti-HIF-1α targeted therapy is therefore not a candidate for exclusive use in TNBC, but should be considered in all breast cancers, especially in the setting of clinically aggressive or refractory disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lamis Yehia
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
| | - Fouad Boulos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mark Jabbour
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ziyad Mahfoud
- Department of Public Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Najla Fakhruddin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pathology, Hammoud Hospital University Medical Center, Sidon, Lebanon
- * E-mail: (NF); (ME)
| | - Marwan El-Sabban
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- * E-mail: (NF); (ME)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Collins LC, Gelber S, Marotti JD, White S, Ruddy K, Brachtel EF, Schapira L, Come SE, Borges VF, Schedin P, Warner E, Wensley T, Tamimi RM, Winer EP, Partridge AH. Molecular Phenotype of Breast Cancer According to Time Since Last Pregnancy in a Large Cohort of Young Women. Oncologist 2015; 20:713-8. [PMID: 26025931 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in breast cancer risk during pregnancy and postpartum is well known; however, the molecular phenotype of breast cancers occurring shortly after pregnancy has not been well studied. Given this, we investigated whether nulliparity and the time interval since pregnancy among parous women affects the breast cancer phenotype in young women. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined molecular phenotype in relation to time since pregnancy in a prospective cohort of 707 young women (aged ≤40 years) with breast cancer. Parity was ascertained from study questionnaires. Using tumor histologic grade on central review and biomarker expression, cancers were categorized as luminal A- or B-like, HER2 enriched, and triple negative. RESULTS Overall, 32% were luminal A-like, 41% were luminal B-like, 9% were HER2 enriched, and 18% were triple negative. Although, numerically, patients diagnosed >5 years after pregnancy had more luminal A-like subtypes than women with shorter intervals since pregnancy, there was no evidence of a relationship between these intervals and molecular subtypes once family history of breast cancer and age at diagnosis were considered. CONCLUSION Distribution of breast cancer molecular phenotype did not differ significantly among young women by parity or time interval since parturition when important predictors of tumor phenotype such as age and family history were considered. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Distribution of breast cancer molecular phenotype did not differ among parous young women by time interval since pregnancy. The implication of these findings for clinical practice suggests that pregnancy-associated breast cancers may be seen up to 5 years beyond parturition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Collins
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shari Gelber
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan D Marotti
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah White
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathryn Ruddy
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elena F Brachtel
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lidia Schapira
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven E Come
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Virginia F Borges
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pepper Schedin
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ellen Warner
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Taylor Wensley
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric P Winer
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ann H Partridge
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen L, Huang Z, Yao G, Lyu X, Li J, Hu X, Cai Y, Li W, Li X, Ye C. The expression of CXCL13 and its relation to unfavorable clinical characteristics in young breast cancer. J Transl Med 2015; 13:168. [PMID: 25990390 PMCID: PMC4471911 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Young breast cancer occupies a higher and higher proportion of breast cancer, especially in Asia, and is associated with a more unfavorable prognosis compared with the disease arising in older women. However, the poor prognosis of young breast cancer cannot be fully explained by the clinical and molecular factors. Methods This study investigated 1125 Chinese breast cancer patients diagnosed from 2009 to 2013. A data mining of gene expression profiles was performed for the young and older breast cancer patients, identifying significantly differentially expressed genes. Quantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry assay were carried out for the clinical sample validations. Results The investigation firstly displayed that young patients (≤45 years) accounted for 47.6 % (535/1125) of breast cancer, and clinically associated with some unfavorable factors related to poor prognosis, such as invasive pathological type, high tumor grade, lymph node positive, ER negative and triple-negative subtype. Subsequently, 553 significantly differentially expressed genes were identified by the data mining. Of them, a set of genes related to immune function were observed to be up-regulated in young patients with breast cancer. Impressively, the CXCL13 (C-X-C motif chemokine 13) expression level showed the most significant difference (FC = 2.64, P = 8.2 × 10−4). Furthermore, the validations with clinical samples and correlation analysis demonstrated that CXCL13 was indeed highly expressed in young breast cancer and closely associated with some prognostic factors including lymph node positive and ER negative. Conclusion This is the first to indicate the clinical relevance of CXCL13 to young breast cancer and represents a potential therapeutic target for young breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0521-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Chen
- Breast Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongxi Huang
- Cancer Research Institute and the Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guangyu Yao
- Breast Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoming Lyu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinbang Li
- Cancer Research Institute and the Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaolei Hu
- Breast Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yahong Cai
- Breast Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenji Li
- Breast Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Li
- Cancer Research Institute and the Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changsheng Ye
- Breast Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wei JT, Huang WH, Du CW, Qiu SQ, Wei XL, Liu J, Zhang GJ. Clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of young breast cancers in Eastern Guangdong of China. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5360. [PMID: 24942640 PMCID: PMC5381536 DOI: 10.1038/srep05360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer in young women is typically with higher proportion of adverse pathological features. Breast cancer with BRCA1 mutation is often early-onset, and is usually associated with triple negative phenotpe. In this study, we aim to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in young breast cancer patients (≤35 years old) comparing to non-young patients (>35 years old). A total of 1913 cases of primary breast carcinoma with stage I-III were enrolled, with 283 cases diagnosed as young patients. No significant difference was observed in tumor size, TNM staging, lymph node metastasis, ER, HER-2 or histological grade between young and non-young patients. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS). In 70 samples of young patients available, BRCA1 was immunohistochemically positive 85.7% in cytoplasm and 41.4% in nuclear. BRCA1 nuclear expression is not significantly associated with clinicopathological characteristics in young breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Tao Wei
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
- Current address: Breast Tumor Center, Chancheng District Central Hospital of Foshan City, Foshan 528031, China
| | - Wen-He Huang
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Cai-Wen Du
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Si-Qi Qiu
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiao-Long Wei
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Assi HA, Khoury KE, Dbouk H, Khalil LE, Mouhieddine TH, El Saghir NS. Epidemiology and prognosis of breast cancer in young women. J Thorac Dis 2013; 5 Suppl 1:S2-8. [PMID: 23819024 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.05.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women with 6.6% of cases diagnosed in young women below the age of 40. Despite variances in risk factors, Age Standardized Incidence Rates of breast cancer in young women vary little between different countries. Review of modifiable risk factors shows that long-term use of oral contraceptives, low body mass index (BMI) and high animal fat diet consumption are associated with increased risk of premenopausal breast cancer. Decreased physical activity and obesity increase risks of breast cancer in postmenopausal women, but data on premenopausal women rather shows that high BMI is associated with decreased risk of breast cancer. Non-modifiable risk factors such as family history and genetic mutations do account for increased risks of breast cancer in premenopausal women. Breast cancer in young women is associated with adverse pathological factors, including high grade tumors, hormone receptor negativity, and HER2 overexpression. This has a significant negative impact on the rate of local recurrence and overall survival. Moreover, younger women often tend to present with breast cancer at a later stage than their older counterparts, which further explains worse outcome. Despite these factors, age per se is still being advocated as an independent role player in the prognosis. This entails more aggressive treatment modalities and the need for closer monitoring and follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussein A Assi
- Breast Center of Excellence, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Perez AA, Rocha RM, Balabram D, Souza ÁDS, Gobbi H. Immunohistochemical profile of high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68:674-8. [PMID: 23778408 PMCID: PMC3654337 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(05)15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of the immunohistochemical profiles of a series of high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. METHODS One hundred and twenty-one cases of high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ, pure or associated with invasive mammary carcinoma, were identified from 2003 to 2008 and examined with immunohistochemistry for estrogen receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, cytokeratin 5, and epidermal growth factor receptor. The tumors were placed into five subgroups: luminal A, luminal B, HER2, basal-like, and "not classified". RESULTS The frequencies of the immunophenotypes of pure ductal carcinoma in situ were the following: luminal A (24/42 cases; 57.1%), luminal B (05/42 cases; 11.9%), HER2 (07/42 cases; 16.7%), basal-like phenotype (00/42 cases; 0%), and "not classified" (06/42 cases; 14.3%). The immunophenotypes of ductal carcinoma in situ associated with invasive carcinoma were the following: luminal A (46/79 cases; 58.2%), luminal B (10/79 cases; 12.7%), HER2 (06/79 cases; 7.6%), basal-like (06/79 cases; 7.6%), and "not classified" (11/79 cases; 13.9%). There was no significant difference in the immunophenotype frequencies between pure ductal carcinoma in situ and ductal carcinoma in situ associated with invasive carcinoma (p>0.05). High agreement was observed in immunophenotypes between both components (kappa=0.867). CONCLUSION The most common immunophenotype of pure ductal carcinoma in situ was luminal A, followed by HER2. The basal-like phenotype was observed only in ductal carcinoma in situ associated with invasive carcinoma, which had a similar phenotype.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/classification
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/classification
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/classification
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Immunophenotyping
- Keratin-5/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Arantes Perez
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Breast Pathology Laboratory, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ferguson NL, Bell J, Heidel R, Lee S, Vanmeter S, Duncan L, Munsey B, Panella T, Orucevic A. Prognostic value of breast cancer subtypes, Ki-67 proliferation index, age, and pathologic tumor characteristics on breast cancer survival in Caucasian women. Breast J 2012; 19:22-30. [PMID: 23240985 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status are well-established prognostic markers in breast cancer management. The triple negative breast carcinoma subtype (ER-/PR-/HER2-) has been associated with worse overall prognosis in comparison with other subtypes in study populations consisting of ethnic minorities and young women. We evaluated the prognostic value of breast cancer subtypes, Ki-67 proliferation index (Ki-67PI), and pathologic tumor characteristics on breast cancer survival in Caucasian women in our institution, where greater than 90% of the total patient population is white. From 628 new invasive breast cancer cases in our data base (2000-late 2004), 593 (94%) were identified in Caucasian women. ER/PR/HER2 breast cancer subtypes were classified based on St. Gallen International Expert Consensus recommendations from 2011. ER/PR/HER2 status and its effect on survival were analyzed using a Kaplan-Meier curve. ER/PR/HER2 status, grade, tumor-node-metastasis status (TNM)/anatomic stage, and age were analyzed in terms of survival in a multivariate fashion using a Cox regression. Ki-67PI was analyzed between ER/PR/HER2 groups using the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U-tests, and 2 × 5 ANOVA. Our results showed that patients with stage IIB through stage IV breast carcinomas were 2.1-16 times more likely to die than patients with stages IA-B and IIA disease, respectively (95% CI 1.17-3.81 through 9.68-28.03, respectively), irrespective of ER/PR/HER2 subtype. Similar effect was seen with T2, N2/N3, or M1 tumors in comparison with T1, N0/N1, and M0 tumors. Chances of dying increase approximately 5% for every year increase in age. There was a significant main effect of Ki-67PI between ER/PR/HER2 subtypes, p < .001, but Ki-67PI could not predict survival. In summary, TNM status/anatomic stage of breast carcinomas and age are predictive of survival in our patient population of Caucasian women, but breast carcinoma subtypes and Ki-67 proliferation index are not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Lynn Ferguson
- University of Tennessee Medical Center at Knoxville, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
García Fernández A, Giménez N, Fraile M, González S, Chabrera C, Torras M, González C, Salas A, Barco I, Cirera L, Cambra M, Veloso E, Pessarrodona A. Survival and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer patient according to different tumour subtypes as determined by hormone receptor and Her2 immunohistochemistry. A single institution survey spanning 1998 to 2010. Breast 2012; 21:366-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
32
|
Collins LC, Marotti JD, Gelber S, Cole K, Ruddy K, Kereakoglow S, Brachtel EF, Schapira L, Come SE, Winer EP, Partridge AH. Pathologic features and molecular phenotype by patient age in a large cohort of young women with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 131:1061-6. [PMID: 22080245 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have suggested a higher prevalence of high grade, ER-negative, HER2-positive, and basal-like carcinomas in young women with breast cancer. However, the precise distribution of poor prognostic features in this population remains unclear. We examined the pathologic features and distribution of molecular phenotype in relation to patient age in a large group of young women (≤40 years) with invasive breast cancer. Medical records were reviewed for clinical characteristics, tumor stage, and receptor status. Pathologic features, including those features associated with basal-like carcinomas, were examined by central review. Using tumor grade and biomarker expression, cancers were categorized as luminal A (ER+ and/or PR+ and HER2-, histologic grade 1 or 2); luminal B (ER+ and/or PR+ and HER2+, or ER and/or PR+, HER2- and grade 3); HER2 (ER and PR- and HER2+); and triple negative (ER-, PR-, and HER2-). Among 399 women of ≤40 years, 33% had luminal A tumors, 35% luminal B, 11% HER2 (ER-negative), and 21% triple negative. Compared to published results for all breast cancers, a greater proportion of young women had luminal B tumors, and a lesser proportion had luminal A. There were no significant differences in molecular phenotype, tumor stage or grade among the different age groups of young women. However, this population of young women presented with a different distribution of molecular phenotypes compared to the general population of women with breast cancer. These findings may have implications with regard to the etiology and prognosis of breast cancer in young women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L C Collins
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|