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Liu X, Wang S, Tang H, Li M, Gao P, Peng X, Chen M. Uridine Diphosphate-Glycosyltransferase RpUGT344D38 Contributes to λ-Cyhalothrin Resistance in Rhopalosiphum padi. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5165-5175. [PMID: 38437009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferase (UGT) is a key phase II enzyme in the insect detoxification system. Pyrethroids are commonly used to control the destructive wheat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi. In this study, we found a highly expressed UGT gene, RpUGT344D38, in both λ-cyhalothrin (LCR)- and bifenthrin (BTR)-resistant strains of R. padi. After exposure to λ-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin, the expression levels of RpUGT344D38 were significantly increased in the resistant strains. Knockdown of RpUGT344D38 did not affect the resistance of BTR, but it did significantly increase the susceptibility of LCR aphids to λ-cyhalothrin. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that RpUGT344D38 had a stable binding interaction with both bifenthrin and λ-cyhalothrin. The recombinant RpUGT344D38 was able to metabolize 50% of λ-cyhalothrin. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of RpUGT344D38 in the resistance of R. padi to bifenthrin and λ-cyhalothrin, contributing to a better understanding of aphid resistance to pyrethroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Suji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongcheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengtian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ping Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Maohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Guerrero Ramírez JR, Ibarra Muñoz LA, Balagurusamy N, Frías Ramírez JE, Alfaro Hernández L, Carrillo Campos J. Microbiology and Biochemistry of Pesticides Biodegradation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15969. [PMID: 37958952 PMCID: PMC10649977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are chemicals used in agriculture, forestry, and, to some extent, public health. As effective as they can be, due to the limited biodegradability and toxicity of some of them, they can also have negative environmental and health impacts. Pesticide biodegradation is important because it can help mitigate the negative effects of pesticides. Many types of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and algae, can degrade pesticides; microorganisms are able to bioremediate pesticides using diverse metabolic pathways where enzymatic degradation plays a crucial role in achieving chemical transformation of the pesticides. The growing concern about the environmental and health impacts of pesticides is pushing the industry of these products to develop more sustainable alternatives, such as high biodegradable chemicals. The degradative properties of microorganisms could be fully exploited using the advances in genetic engineering and biotechnology, paving the way for more effective bioremediation strategies, new technologies, and novel applications. The purpose of the current review is to discuss the microorganisms that have demonstrated their capacity to degrade pesticides and those categorized by the World Health Organization as important for the impact they may have on human health. A comprehensive list of microorganisms is presented, and some metabolic pathways and enzymes for pesticide degradation and the genetics behind this process are discussed. Due to the high number of microorganisms known to be capable of degrading pesticides and the low number of metabolic pathways that are fully described for this purpose, more research must be conducted in this field, and more enzymes and genes are yet to be discovered with the possibility of finding more efficient metabolic pathways for pesticide biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Roberto Guerrero Ramírez
- Instituto Tecnológico de Torreón, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Torreon 27170, Coahuila, Mexico; (J.R.G.R.); (J.E.F.R.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Lizbeth Alejandra Ibarra Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Torreon 27275, Coahuila, Mexico; (L.A.I.M.); (N.B.)
| | - Nagamani Balagurusamy
- Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Torreon 27275, Coahuila, Mexico; (L.A.I.M.); (N.B.)
| | - José Ernesto Frías Ramírez
- Instituto Tecnológico de Torreón, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Torreon 27170, Coahuila, Mexico; (J.R.G.R.); (J.E.F.R.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Leticia Alfaro Hernández
- Instituto Tecnológico de Torreón, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Torreon 27170, Coahuila, Mexico; (J.R.G.R.); (J.E.F.R.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Javier Carrillo Campos
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31453, Chihuahua, Mexico
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De Beer B, Vandenhole M, Njiru C, Spanoghe P, Dermauw W, Van Leeuwen T. High-Resolution Genetic Mapping Combined with Transcriptome Profiling Reveals That Both Target-Site Resistance and Increased Detoxification Confer Resistance to the Pyrethroid Bifenthrin in the Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1630. [PMID: 36358331 PMCID: PMC9687926 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are widely applied insecticides in agriculture, but their frequent use has provoked many cases of resistance, in which mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), the pyrethroid target-site, were shown to play a major role. However, for the spider mite Tetranychus urticae, it has also been shown that increased detoxification contributes to resistance against the pyrethroid bifenthrin. Here, we performed QTL-mapping to identify the genomic loci underlying bifenthrin resistance in T. urticae. Two loci on chromosome 1 were identified, with the VGSC gene being located near the second QTL and harboring the well-known L1024V mutation. In addition, the presence of an L925M mutation in the VGSC of a highly bifenthrin-resistant strain and its loss in its derived, susceptible, inbred line indicated the importance of target-site mutations in bifenthrin resistance. Further, RNAseq experiments revealed that genes encoding detoxification enzymes, including carboxyl/choline esterases (CCEs), cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and UDP-glycosyl transferases (UGTs), were overexpressed in resistant strains. Toxicity bioassays with bifenthrin (ester pyrethroid) and etofenprox (non-ester pyrethroid) also indicated a possible role for CCEs in bifenthrin resistance. A selection of CCEs and UGTs were therefore functionally expressed, and CCEinc18 was shown to metabolize bifenthrin, while teturUGT10 could glycosylate bifenthrin-alcohol. To conclude, our findings suggest that both target-site and metabolic mechanisms underlie bifenthrin resistance in T. urticae, and these might synergize high levels of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berdien De Beer
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marilou Vandenhole
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christine Njiru
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Spanoghe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 96, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Taktak NEM, Badawy MEI, Awad OM, Abou El-Ela NE, Abdallah SM. Enhanced mosquitocidal efficacy of pyrethroid insecticides by nanometric emulsion preparation towards Culex pipiens larvae with biochemical and molecular docking studies. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2021; 96:21. [PMID: 34264427 PMCID: PMC8282878 DOI: 10.1186/s42506-021-00082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing threat of vector-borne diseases and environmental pollution with conventional pesticides has led to the search for nanotechnology applications to prepare alternative products. METHODS In the current study, four pyrethroid insecticides include alpha-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and permethrin were incorporated into stable nanoemulsions. The optimization of nanoemulsions is designed based on the active ingredient, solvent, surfactant, sonication time, sonication cycle, and sonication energy by factorial analysis. The nanoscale emulsions' droplet size and morphology were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The toxicity of nanoemulsions against Culex pipiens larvae was evaluated and compared with the technical and commercial formulations. The in vitro assay of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), carboxylesterase (CaE), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were also investigated. Furthermore, molecular docking was examined to assess the binding interactions between the tested pyrethroids and the target enzymes. Also, an ecotoxicological assessment of potential effects of the tested products on the freshwater alga Raphidocelis subcapitata was determined according to OECD and EPA methods. The emulsifible concentration (EC50) and NOEC (no observed effect concentration) values were estimated for each insecticide and graded according to the GHS to determine the risk profile in aquatic life. RESULTS The mean droplet diameter and zeta potential of the prepared pyrethroid nanoemulsions were found to be in the range of 72.00-172.00 nm and - 0.539 to - 15.40 mV, respectively. All insecticides' nanoemulsions showed significantly high toxicity (1.5-2-fold) against C. pipiens larvae compared to the technical and EC. The biochemical activity data proved that all products significantly inhibited ATPase. However, GST and CaE were significantly activated. Docking results proved that the pyrethroids exhibited a higher binding affinity with CaE and GST than ATPase. The docking scores ranged from - 4.33 to - 10.01 kcal/mol. Further, the biosafety studies of the nanopesticides in comparison with the active ingredient and commercial EC were carried out against the freshwater alga R. subcapitata and the mosquitocidal concentration of nanopesticides was found to be non-toxic. CONCLUSION The mosquitocidal efficacy of nano-pyrethroids formulated in a greener approach could become an alternative to using conventional pesticide application in an environmentally friendly manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehad E M Taktak
- Department of Tropical Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Ave., 21561-El-Hadara, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E I Badawy
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues Analysis, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, 21545-El-Shatby, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Osama M Awad
- Department of Tropical Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Ave., 21561-El-Hadara, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nadia E Abou El-Ela
- Department of Tropical Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Ave., 21561-El-Hadara, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Salwa M Abdallah
- Mammalian and Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory (CAPL), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, 12618, Egypt
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Zhan H, Huang Y, Lin Z, Bhatt P, Chen S. New insights into the microbial degradation and catalytic mechanism of synthetic pyrethroids. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:109138. [PMID: 32069744 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The significant applications of pyrethroid insecticides in agro-ecosystem and household environments have raised serious environmental concerns. Environmental bioremediation has emerged as an effective and eco-friendly approach to remove or neutralize hazardous compounds. Bioaugmentation accelerates pyrethroid degradation in liquid cultures and soil. Pyrethroid-degrading microorganisms have been extensively studied to cope with pyrethroid residues. Microorganisms primarily hydrolyze the ester bonds of pyrethroids, and their degradation pathways have been elaborated. The functional genes and enzymes involved in microbial degradation have also been screened and studied. Carboxylesterase plays a key role in pyrethroid degradation by cleaving its carboxylester linkage. The catalytic mechanism is dependent on a specific catalytic triad, consisting of three amino acid residues (glutamine, histidine, and serine) within the active site of the carboxylesterase enzyme. Pyrethroid-degrading strains and enzymes have proven to be effective for the bioremediation of pyrethroid-contaminated environments. In this review, we have summarized newly isolated pyrethroid-degrading strains and proposed the degradation pathways along with key functional genes/enzymes. To develop an efficient bioremediation strategy, pyrethroid-degrading microorganisms should be comprehensively explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Yaohua Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Ziqiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
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Al-Amoudi WM. Toxic effects of Lambda-cyhalothrin, on the rat thyroid: Involvement of oxidative stress and ameliorative effect of ginger extract. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:728-736. [PMID: 29922588 PMCID: PMC6005809 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lambda-cyhalothrin leads to histpathological changes and DNA damage in thyroid gland. Lambda-cyhalothrin induces oxidative stress by decreasing the levels of thyroid hormones and antioxidant enzyme in erythrocytes. Ginger prevents the toxicity effect of Lambda-cyhalothrin and DNA damage in the thyroid gland. Ginger decreases the histopathological changes, abnormal level of thyroid hormones and antioxidant enzymes in the thyroid gland caused by LCT.
Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) is a synthetic pyrethroid that is widely used to control insecticide. Ginger is a traditional plant that is widely used as a spice or folk medicine. This study evaluates the antioxidant effect of ginger extract on thyroid toxicity induced by LCT in albino rats. Adult Rats were divided into 4 experimental groups: Group 1: control, Group 2: oral ginger treatment (24 mg/ml, 3 days/week for 4 weeks), Group 3: oral LCT treatment (1/100 LD50, 3 days/week for 4 weeks), Group 4: oral LCT and ginger mixture treatment. The histological results of LCT group showed degenerated follicles with reduced colloids, congestion of blood vessels and hyperaemia between the follicles. Histochemically, depletion of glycogen and proteins was recorded in follicular cells and colloids. The biochemical results of LCT treated group revealed a decrease in T3, T4, SOD and CAT, while TSH and MDA were increased. The comet assay showed that LCT significantly induced DNA damage in the thyroid gland. However, treating rats with LCT plus ginger led to an improvement in the histological structure of the thyroid, with noticeable increases in glycogen and protein deposition. Also, LCT plus ginger increase in T3, T4 and the antioxidant enzymes SOD and COT were detected concomitantly with a decrease in TSH and MDA as well as a significant reduction in DNA damage. LCT affected the thyroid function and structure. On the other hand, ginger has a preventative effect against the histological damage and biochemical toxicity caused by the (LCT) insecticide.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- ALK-P, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, plasma alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Antioxidant
- CAT, catalase
- CC14, carbon tetrachloride
- DMA, lipid peroxidan marker
- DMBA, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GR, glutathione reductase
- GSH, glutathione
- GST, glutathione-S-transferase
- Ginger
- Histochemistry
- LCT, Lambda-cyhalothrin
- Lambda-cyhalothrin
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- PAS, Periodic acid–Schiff
- PCO, protein carbonyl
- PD, Parkinson’s disease
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- T3, triiodothyronine, T4, thyroxine
- TI, percent of genomic DNA that migrated during electrophoresis from the nuclear core to the tail
- TL, distance of DNA migration from the center to the nuclear core
- TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone
- Thyroid
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Piccolomini AM, Whiten SR, Flenniken ML, O'Neill KM, Peterson RKD. Acute Toxicity of Permethrin, Deltamethrin, and Etofenprox to the Alfalfa Leafcutting Bee. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:1001-1005. [PMID: 29444244 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Current regulatory requirements for insecticide toxicity to nontarget insects focus on the honey bee, Apis mellifera (L.; Hymenoptera: Apidae), but this species cannot represent all insect pollinator species in terms of response to insecticides. Therefore, we characterized the toxicity of pyrethroid insecticides used for adult mosquito management (permethrin, deltamethrin, and etofenprox) on a nontarget insect, the adult alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (F.; Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in two separate studies. In the first study, the doses causing 50 and 90% mortality (LD50 and LD90, respectively) were used as endpoints and 2-d-old adult females were exposed to eight concentrations ranging from 0.0075 to 0.076 μg/bee for permethrin and etofenprox, and 0.0013-0.0075 μg/bee for deltamethrin. For the second study, respiration rates of female M. rotundata were also recorded for 2 h after bees were dosed at the LD50 values to give an indication of stress response. Results indicated a relatively similar LD50 for permethrin and etofenprox, 0.057 and 0.051 μg/bee, respectively, and a more toxic response, 0.0016 μg/bee for deltamethrin. Comparatively, female A. mellifera workers have a LD50 value of 0.024 μg/bee for permethrin and 0.015 μg/bee for etofenprox indicating that female M. rotundata are less susceptible to topical doses of these insecticides, except for deltamethrin, where both A. mellifera and M. rotundata have an identical LD50 of 0.0016 μg/bee. Respiration rates comparing each active ingredient to control groups, as well as rates between each active ingredient, were statistically different (P < 0.0001). The addition of these results to existing information on A. mellifera may provide more insights on how other economically beneficial and nontarget bees respond to pyrethroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Piccolomini
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
| | - Shavonn R Whiten
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Michelle L Flenniken
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
| | - Kevin M O'Neill
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
| | - Robert K D Peterson
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
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Sancho E, Banegas S, Villarroel MJ, Ferrando D. Impaired reproduction and individual growth of the water flea Daphnia magna as consequence of exposure to the non-ester pyrethroid etofenprox. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:6209-6217. [PMID: 29243148 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the pesticide etofenprox (0.76, 0.95, 1.18, 1.48, and 1.85 μg L-1) on survival, reproduction, and growth of Daphnia magna organisms was monitored using 21-day exposure tests. In order to test pesticide effects on D. magna, survival, length, mean total neonates per female, mean brood size, time to first reproduction, mean number broods per female, cumulative molting, and the population parameter intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) were used. Reproduction was seriously affected by etofenprox. Concentrations of etofenprox higher than 1.18 μg L-1affected all the reproductive parameters analyzed as well as individual length. However, daphnids' survival after 21 days of pesticide exposure did not exhibited differences among experimental and control groups. The no observed effect concentration (NOEC), the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC), and the maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) were calculated for the different parameters. A MATC estimation of 1.32 μg L-1 was calculated for mean brood size, mean number of broods per female, mean number of neonates per female, and the intrinsic rate of growth population. Etofenprox effect on the algae Nannochloris oculata was also evaluated. The selected etofenprox concentrations did not affect algal growth rate (μ) after 24 h; however, N. oculata exposed during 48 and 72 h to the highest etofenprox concentration showed a decreased in its population rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Encarna Sancho
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Banegas
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María José Villarroel
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Ferrando
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Piccolomini AM, Flenniken ML, O'Neill KM, Peterson RKD. The Effects of an Ultra-low-Volume Application of Etofenprox for Mosquito Management on Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) Larvae and Adults in an Agricultural Setting. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:33-38. [PMID: 29272406 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata F. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), is one of the most intensively managed solitary bees and greatly contributes to alfalfa production in both the United States and Canada. Although production of certain commodities, especially alfalfa seed, has become increasingly dependent on this species' pollination proficiency, little information is known about how M. rotundata is affected by insecticide exposure. To better understand the risk posed to M. rotundata by the increasing use of insecticides to manage mosquitoes, we conducted field experiments that directly exposed M. rotundata nests, adults, and larvae to a pyrethroid insecticide via a ground-based ultra-low-volume (ULV) aerosol generator. We directly targeted nest shelters with Zenivex® E20 (etofenprox) at a half-maximum rate of 0.0032 kg/ha at dusk and then observed larval mortality, adult mortality, and the total number of completed nests for both the treated and control groups. There was no significant difference in the proportion of dead (P = 0.99) and alive (P = 0.23) larvae when the control group was compared with the treated group. We also did not observe a significant difference in the number of emerged adults reared from the treated shelters (P = 0.22 and 0.50 for females and males, respectively), and the number of completed cells after exposure to the insecticides continued to increase throughout the summer, indicating that provisioning adults were not affected by the insecticide treatment. The results from this study suggest that the amount of insecticide reaching nest shelters may not be sufficient to cause significant mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Piccolomini
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
| | - Michelle L Flenniken
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
| | - Kevin M O'Neill
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
| | - Robert K D Peterson
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
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Estep AS, Sanscrainte ND, Waits CM, Louton JE, Becnel JJ. Resistance Status and Resistance Mechanisms in a Strain of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) From Puerto Rico. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:1643-1648. [PMID: 28981681 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Puerto Rico (PR) has a long history of vector-borne disease and insecticide-resistant Aedes aegypti (L.). Defining contributing mechanisms behind phenotypic resistance is critical for effective vector control intervention. However, previous studies from PR have each focused on only one mechanism of pyrethroid resistance. This study examines the contribution of P450-mediated enzymatic detoxification and sodium channel target site changes to the overall resistance phenotype of Ae. aegypti collected from San Juan, PR, in 2012. Screening of a panel of toxicants found broad resistance relative to the lab susceptible Orlando (ORL1952) strain. We identified significant resistance to representative Type I, Type II, and nonester pyrethroids, a sodium channel blocker, and a sodium channel blocking inhibitor, all of which interact with the sodium channel. Testing of fipronil, a chloride channel agonist, also showed low but significant levels of resistance. In contrast, the PR and ORL1952 strains were equally susceptible to chlorfenapyr, which has been suggested as an alternative public health insecticide. Molecular characterization of the strain indicated that two common sodium channel mutations were fixed in the population. Topical bioassay with piperonyl butoxide (PBO) indicated cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification accounts for approximately half of the resistance profile. Transcript expression screening of cytochrome P450s and glutathione-S-transferases identified the presence of overexpressed transcripts. This study of Puerto Rican Ae. aegypti with significant contributions from both genetic changes and enzymatic detoxification highlights the necessity of monitoring for resistance but also defining the multiple resistance mechanisms to inform effective mosquito control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alden S Estep
- Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, CMAVE Detachment, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608
- Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - Neil D Sanscrainte
- Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - Christy M Waits
- Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, CMAVE Detachment, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608
- Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - Jessica E Louton
- Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - James J Becnel
- Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608
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11
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Agramonte NM, Bloomquist JR, Bernier UR. Pyrethroid resistance alters the blood-feeding behavior in Puerto Rican Aedes aegypti mosquitoes exposed to treated fabric. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005954. [PMID: 28931018 PMCID: PMC5624645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging insecticide resistance is a major issue for vector control. It decreases the effectiveness of insecticides, thereby requiring greater quantities for comparable control with a net increase in risk of disease resurgence, product cost, and damage risk to the ecosystem. Pyrethroid resistance has been documented in Puerto Rican populations of Aedes aegypti (L.) mosquitoes. In this study, topical toxicity of five insecticides (permethrin, etofenprox, deltamethrin, DDT, transfluthrin) was determined for susceptible (Orlando-ORL) and resistant (Puerto Rico-PR) strains of Ae. aegypti. Resistance ratios were calculated using LD50 values, and high resistance ratios for permethrin (112) and etofenprox (228) were observed for the Puerto Rico strain. Behavioral differences in blood-feeding activity for pyrethroid-resistant and pyrethroid-susceptible strains of Ae. aegypti when exposed to pyrethroid-treated cloth were also explored. Strains were exposed for 15 min to a range of concentrations of pyrethroid-treated uniform fabric in a cage that contained 60 female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Interestingly, the resistance ratios for blood-feeding were similar for permethrin (61) and etofenprox (70), but were lower than their respective resistance ratios for topical toxicity, suggesting that knockdown resistance was the primary mechanism of resistance in the blood feeding assays. Results showed a rightward shift in the dose-response curves for blood-feeding that indicated higher concentrations of pyrethroids were necessary to deter blood-feeding behavior in the pyrethroid-resistant Puerto Rican strain of Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M. Agramonte
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R. Bloomquist
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ulrich R. Bernier
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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12
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Schindler M. Theory of synergistic effects: Hill-type response surfaces as 'null-interaction' models for mixtures. Theor Biol Med Model 2017; 14:15. [PMID: 28768512 PMCID: PMC5541435 DOI: 10.1186/s12976-017-0060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The classification of effects caused by mixtures of agents as synergistic, antagonistic or additive depends critically on the reference model of 'null interaction'. Two main approaches are currently in use, the Additive Dose (ADM) or concentration addition (CA) and the Multiplicative Survival (MSM) or independent action (IA) models. We compare several response surface models to a newly developed Hill response surface, obtained by solving a logistic partial differential equation (PDE). Assuming that a mixture of chemicals with individual Hill-type dose-response curves can be described by an n-dimensional logistic function, Hill's differential equation for pure agents is replaced by a PDE for mixtures whose solution provides Hill surfaces as 'null-interaction' models and relies neither on Bliss independence or Loewe additivity nor uses Chou's unified general theory. METHODS An n-dimensional logistic PDE decribing the Hill-type response of n-component mixtures is solved. Appropriate boundary conditions ensure the correct asymptotic behaviour. Mathematica 11 (Wolfram, Mathematica Version 11.0, 2016) is used for the mathematics and graphics presented in this article. RESULTS The Hill response surface ansatz can be applied to mixtures of compounds with arbitrary Hill parameters. Restrictions which are required when deriving analytical expressions for response surfaces from other principles, are unnecessary. Many approaches based on Loewe additivity turn out be special cases of the Hill approach whose increased flexibility permits a better description of 'null-effect' responses. Missing sham-compliance of Bliss IA, known as Colby's model in agrochemistry, leads to incompatibility with the Hill surface ansatz. Examples of binary and ternary mixtures illustrate the differences between the approaches. For Hill-slopes close to one and doses below the half-maximum effect doses MSM (Colby, Bliss, Finney, Abbott) predicts synergistic effects where the Hill model indicates 'null-interaction'. These differences increase considerably with increasing steepness of the individual dose-response curves. CONCLUSION The Hill response surface ansatz contains the Loewe additivity concept as a special case and is incompatible with Bliss independent action. Hence, when synergistic effects are claimed, those dose combinations deserve special attention where the differences between independent action approaches and Hill estimations are large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schindler
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr., Bochum, Germany.
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13
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E. Pereira A, Souza D, Zukoff SN, Meinke LJ, Siegfried BD. Cross-resistance and synergism bioassays suggest multiple mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in western corn rootworm populations. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28628635 PMCID: PMC5476265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, resistance to the pyrethroid bifenthrin was detected and confirmed in field populations of western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte from southwestern areas of Nebraska and Kansas. As a first step to understand potential mechanisms of resistance, the objectives of this study were i) to assess adult mortality at diagnostic concentration-LC99 to the pyrethroids bifenthrin and tefluthrin as well as DDT, ii) estimate adult and larval susceptibility to the same compounds as well as the organophosphate methyl-parathion, and iii) perform synergism experiments with piperonyl butoxide (PBO) (P450 inhibitor) and S,S,S-tributyl-phosphorotrithioate (DEF) (esterase inhibitor) in field populations. Most of the adult field populations exhibiting some level of bifenthrin resistance exhibited significantly lower mortality to both pyrethroids and DDT than susceptible control populations at the estimated LC99 of susceptible populations. Results of adult dose-mortality bioassays also revealed elevated LC50 values for bifenthrin resistant populations compared to the susceptible control population with resistance ratios ranging from 2.5 to 5.5-fold for bifenthrin, 28 to 54.8-fold for tefluthrin, and 16.3 to 33.0 for DDT. These bioassay results collectively suggest some level of cross-resistance between the pyrethroids and DDT. In addition, both PBO and DEF reduced the resistance ratios for resistant populations although there was a higher reduction in susceptibility of adults exposed to PBO versus DEF. Susceptibility in larvae varied among insecticides and did not correlate with adult susceptibility to tefluthrin and DDT, as most resistance ratios were < 5-fold when compared to the susceptible population. These results suggest that both detoxifying enzymes and target site insensitivity might be involved as resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano E. Pereira
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Dariane Souza
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Sarah N. Zukoff
- Southwest Research and Extension Center, Kansas State University, Garden City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Lance J. Meinke
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Blair D. Siegfried
- Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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Islam J, Zaman K, Duarah S, Raju PS, Chattopadhyay P. Mosquito repellents: An insight into the chronological perspectives and novel discoveries. Acta Trop 2017; 167:216-230. [PMID: 28040483 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito being the major medically important arthropod vector; requires utmost attention to reduce the sufferings and economic consequences of those living in the endemic regions. This is only possible by minimising the human-mosquito contact by an absolute preventing measure. However, unfortunately, such absolute measures are yet to be developed despite enormous efforts and huge investments worldwide. In the absence of vaccines for number of mosquito-borne diseases, repellents could be an attractive option for both military personal and civilians to minimise the risk of contacting different mosquito-borne diseases. However, to achieve this golden goal, the detailed knowledge of a particular repellent is must, including its mode of repellency and other relevant informations. Here, in the present article, an effort has been made to convey the best and latest information on repellents in order to enhance the knowledge of scientific community. The review offers an overview on mosquito repellents, the novel discoveries, and areas in need of attention such as novel repellent formulations and their future prospective.
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15
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Toumi H, Boumaiza M, Millet M, Radetski CM, Felten V, Férard JF. Is acetylcholinesterase a biomarker of susceptibility in Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera) after deltamethrin exposure? CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 120:351-356. [PMID: 25189827 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we explored the possibility of using the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as a biomarker after deltamethrin (pyrethroid insecticide) exposure with three strains of the cladoceran Daphnia magna. Four calculated time-weighted deltamethrin concentrations (20.1, 40.3, 80.6 and 161.3 ng L(-1)) were compared against control acetylcholinesterase activity. Our results showed that after 48 h of deltamethrin exposure, all treatments induced a significant decrease of AChE activities whatever the three considered strains. However, diverse responses were registered in terms of lowest observed effect concentrations (LOEC: 80.6 ng L(-1) for strain 1 and 20.1 ng L(-1) for strains 2 and 3) revealing differences in sensitivity among the three tested strains of D. magna. Our results suggest that after deltamethrin exposure, the AChE activity responses can be also used as a biomarker of susceptibility (i.e., variation of strain specific response). Moreover, our results show that strain 1 is the less sensitive in terms of IC50-48 h of AChE, whereas it became the most sensitive when considering the EC50-48 h estimated in the standard ecotoxicity test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héla Toumi
- Laboratoire de Bio-surveillance de l'Environnement (LBE), Unité d'Hydrobiologie littorale et limnique, Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia; Université de Lorraine (UdL), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC) - UMR 7360 CNRS, Campus Bridoux, Bât. IBiSE, 8, rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
| | - Moncef Boumaiza
- Laboratoire de Bio-surveillance de l'Environnement (LBE), Unité d'Hydrobiologie littorale et limnique, Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Maurice Millet
- ICPEES (UMR 7515 CNRS - Université de Strasbourg), 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Claudemir Marcos Radetski
- Laboratório de Remediação Ambiental, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC 88302-202, Brazil
| | - Vincent Felten
- Université de Lorraine (UdL), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC) - UMR 7360 CNRS, Campus Bridoux, Bât. IBiSE, 8, rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
| | - Jean François Férard
- Université de Lorraine (UdL), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC) - UMR 7360 CNRS, Campus Bridoux, Bât. IBiSE, 8, rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France.
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16
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Assogba BS, Djogbénou LS, Saizonou J, Milesi P, Djossou L, Djegbe I, Oumbouke WA, Chandre F, Baba-Moussa L, Weill M, Makoutodé M. Phenotypic effects of concomitant insensitive acetylcholinesterase (ace-1(R)) and knockdown resistance (kdr(R)) in Anopheles gambiae: a hindrance for insecticide resistance management for malaria vector control. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:548. [PMID: 25471264 PMCID: PMC4265331 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0548-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa with considerable burden for human health. Major insecticide resistance mechanisms such as kdrR and ace-1Ralleles constitute a hindrance to malaria vector control programs. Anopheles gambiae bearing both kdr and ace-1 resistant alleles are increasingly recorded in wild populations. In order to maintain the efficacy of vector control strategies, the characterization of concomitant kdr and ace-1 resistance, and their pleiotropic effects on malaria vector phenotype on insecticide efficacy are important. Methods Larval and adult bioassays were performed with different insecticide classes used in public health following WHO standard guidelines on four laboratory Anopheles gambiae strains, sharing the same genetic background but harboring distinct resistance status: KISUMU with no resistance allele; ACERKIS with ace-1R allele; KISKDR with kdrR allele and ACERKDRKIS with both resistance alleles’ ace-1R and kdrR. Results Larval bioassays indicate that the homozygote resistant strain harboring both alleles (ACERKDRKIS) displayed slightly but significantly higher resistance level to various insecticides like carbamates (bendiocarb, p < 0.001; propoxur, p = 0.02) and organophosphates (chlorpyriphos-methyl, p = 0.002; fenitrothion, p < 0.001) when compared to ACERKIS strain. However, no differences were recorded between ACERKDRKIS and KISKDR resistance level against permethrin (Pyrethroid, p = 0.7) and DDT (Organochlorine, p = 0.24). For adult bioassays, the percentages of mosquitoes knocked down were significantly lower for ACERKDRKIS than for KISKDR with permethrin (p = 0.003) but not with deltamethrin. The percentage of mortality from adult bioassays was similar between ACERKDRKIS and ACERKIS with carbamates and organophosphates, or between ACERKDRKIS and KISKDR with pyrethroid and DDT. Concerning acetylcholinesterase enzyme, ACERKDRKIS strain showed similarAChE1 activity than that of ACERKIS. Conclusion The presence of both kdrR and ace-1R alleles seems to increase the resistance levels to both carbamate and organophosphate insecticides and at operational level, may represent an important threat to malaria vector control programs in West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît S Assogba
- Institut Régional de Santé Publique, Université d'Abomey Calavi, 01BP918, Cotonou, Benin. .,Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR 5554, CNRS-UM2-IRD), Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France.
| | - Luc S Djogbénou
- Institut Régional de Santé Publique, Université d'Abomey Calavi, 01BP918, Cotonou, Benin.
| | - Jacques Saizonou
- Institut Régional de Santé Publique, Université d'Abomey Calavi, 01BP918, Cotonou, Benin.
| | - Pascal Milesi
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR 5554, CNRS-UM2-IRD), Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France.
| | - Laurette Djossou
- Institut Régional de Santé Publique, Université d'Abomey Calavi, 01BP918, Cotonou, Benin.
| | - Innocent Djegbe
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), MIVEGEC (UMR 224-CNRS 5290-UM1-UM2), Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Cotonou, Benin.
| | - Welbeck A Oumbouke
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Health Ministry, Cotonou, Bénin.
| | - Fabrice Chandre
- Institut de recherche pour le développement, Unité Mixte de Recherche MIVEGEC (IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM1-UM2), Montpellier, France.
| | - Lamine Baba-Moussa
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire de Biologie et de Typage Moléculaire en Microbiologie, Université d'Abomey Calavi, 05 BP 1604, Cotonou, Benin.
| | - Mylene Weill
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR 5554, CNRS-UM2-IRD), Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France.
| | - Michel Makoutodé
- Institut Régional de Santé Publique, Université d'Abomey Calavi, 01BP918, Cotonou, Benin.
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17
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Koou SY, Chong CS, Vythilingam I, Lee CY, Ng LC. Insecticide resistance and its underlying mechanisms in field populations of Aedes aegypti adults (Diptera: Culicidae) in Singapore. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:471. [PMID: 25301032 PMCID: PMC4201922 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Singapore, dose–response bioassays of Aedes aegypti (L.) adults have been conducted, but the mechanisms underlying resistance to insecticides remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated insecticide resistance and its underlying mechanism in field populations of Ae. aegypti adults. Methods Seven populations of Ae. aegypti were collected from public residential areas and assays were conducted according to WHO guidelines to determine their susceptibility to several commonly used insecticides. Results Various levels of pyrethroid resistance (RR50 = 3.76 to 142.06-fold) and low levels of pirimiphos-methyl resistance (RR50 = 1.01 to 1.51-fold) were detected. The insecticide susceptibility profile of Ae. aegypti adults was homogenous among the different study sites. Addition of the synergists piperonyl butoxide, S,S,S,-tributyl phosphorotrithioate, and triphenyl phosphate generally failed to enhance the toxicity of the insecticides investigated, suggesting an insignificant role of metabolic-based insecticide resistance and possible involvement of target site resistance. Further biochemical investigation of specific metabolic enzyme activities provided further evidence that detoxifying enzymes such as mono-oxygenases, esterases, glutathione S-transferases and altered acethylcholinesterases generally did not contribute to the resistance observed. Conclusions This study confirmed the presence of pyrethroid resistance among Ae. aegypti adults in Singapore and documented the early onset of organophosphate resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Ying Koou
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11 Biopolis Way #06-05/08, Helios Block, S (138667), Singapore, ᅟ. .,Urban Entomology Laboratory, Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Chee-Seng Chong
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11 Biopolis Way #06-05/08, Helios Block, S (138667), Singapore, ᅟ.
| | - Indra Vythilingam
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Chow-Yang Lee
- Urban Entomology Laboratory, Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Lee-Ching Ng
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11 Biopolis Way #06-05/08, Helios Block, S (138667), Singapore, ᅟ.
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Omotuyi OI. Methyl-methoxylpyrrolinone and flavinium nucleus binding signatures on falcipain-2 active site. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2386. [PMID: 25096811 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Following the increasing reports of human toxicity and plasmodium resistance to artemisinin and its derivatives, falcipain-2 (FP-2) is now emerging as the choice antimalarial drug target. Coincidentally, FP-2 is the in vivo target of naturally occurring, therapeutically safe flavonoids (stenopalustroside, myricetin, and fisetin) and symplostatin (symplostatin 4) compounds known to exhibit potent in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial actions. Here, the structural bases for their inhibitory actions have been studied using molecular dynamics simulation. Myricetin and fisetin act as proton transfer tunnel breakers by inserting between His174 and Cys42, which are key active site residues of FP-2, stenopalustroside inhibits the polarization of His174 by Asn173; a major preparatory step for Cys42/His174 proton transfer process. The roles of flavonoids are favored by T-shaped pi-pi interactions with His174. Symplostatin 4 inserts its methyl-methoxylpyrrolinone moiety into the active site where its proton acceptor function prepares Cys42 for nucleophilic attack on the Michael α,β-unsaturated bonds on its 4(S)-amino-2(E)-pentenoate moiety. Further analyses of the structures identified a unique bridge formed on FP-2 active site groove by stenopalustroside and symplostatin 4 during interaction with the sub-site I of FP-2, whereas fisetin preferentially interacts with sub-site II and myricetin interacts with sub-site III residues. Ultimately, symplostatin-4, myricetin, and fisetin were better than stenopalustroside at trapping FP-2 in its inactive state as revealed by comparative RSMD plots with X-ray structures of FP-2 co-crystallized with inhibitors. Comparative estimates of free energy of binding using the Molecular Mechanics-Poisson Boltzmann Surface Area (MMPBSA) method suggested that His174 protonation may further enhance stenopalustroside-FP-2 interaction. The unique binding signatures of the ligands within the FP-2 active site groove and its sub-sites may explain the subtle differences in their IC50 values and their mechanism of inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaposi I Omotuyi
- Center for Drug Discovery and Therapeutic Innovation, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan,
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19
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Omotuyi IO, Hamada T. Dynamical footprint of falcipain-2 catalytic triad in hemoglobin-β-bound state. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2014; 33:1027-36. [PMID: 24943200 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.924878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Falcipain-2 (FP-2) is a member of papain family of cysteine proteases and the major hemoglobinase of the hemoglobin detoxification and hemozoin polymerization complex localized in the food vacuole of the plasmodium species. FP-2 is currently gaining clinical significance as the drug target of choice in combating malaria epidemic. Here, a theoretical FP-2/hemoglobin complex has been proposed and the dynamical footprint and energetics of binding have been investigated using molecular and quantum mechanics approaches. The mapped interaction interface comprises residues 34-51 of hemoglobin and cysteine-42/histidine-174/glutamine-36/asparagine-173/204 and subsites S1, S1', and S3 of FP-2. In hemoglobin-bound FP-2, asparagine-173 preferentially partners histidine-174, while glutamine-36 is preferred in ligand-free state. Cysteine-42 exhibits dihedral switch from 110° to 30° in free and bound states, respectively, with exclusion of water from the binding core upon hemoglobin binding. Hemoglobin similarly exhibits high occupancy within .2 nm distance with charged amido acid-rich subsites S1 and S3 of FP-2 functioning in tandem to reduce conformational flexibility of hemoglobin and facilitate the formation of a stabilizing anti-parallel β-sheet between Leucine-172-valine-176 of FP-2 and phenylalanine-45-asparate-47 of hemoglobin and to overcome the + 1.13e + 5 eV activation energy required to optimize the FP-2/hemoglobin-β conformation that precedes hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I O Omotuyi
- a Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan
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Zhang T, Li X, Lu Y, Liu P, Zhang C, Luo H. Joint toxicity of heavy metals and chlorobenzenes to pyriformis Tetrahymena. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 104:177-183. [PMID: 24290295 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chlorobenzens and heavy metals are frequently detected in the environment, but few studies have assessed the joint toxicity of organic and inorganic contaminants. The joint toxicity of heavy metals and chlorobenzenes was evaluated in the present study. Growth metabolism of the joint toxicity was studied by microcalorimetry at 28°C, the growth constant (k) and inhibitory ratio (I) were calculated. Toxic unit (TU) and additional index (AI) were introduced to determine the outcome in combined tests, and the coexistence of Cu, Cd, Cr(III) and p-chlorobenzene was antagonism, and the effect of Cu, Cd, Cr(III) and o-chlorobenzene, Cu and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene were synergism. In addition, micro-situation of the cell membrane surface of pyriformis Tetrahymena was observed by SEM. The cells suffered serious damage after sufficient acting time. ATR-FTIR spectra revealed that amide groups and PO2(-) of the phospholipid phospho-diester, both in the hydrophobic end exposed to the outer layer, were the easiest to be damaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Chaocan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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Schleier JJ, Peterson RKD. A refined aquatic ecological risk assessment for a pyrethroid insecticide used for adult mosquito management. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2013; 32:948-953. [PMID: 23341175 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of pyrethroid insecticides has increased substantially throughout the world over the past few decades as the use of organophorous, carbamate, and organochlorine insecticides is being phased out. Pyrethroids are the most common class of insecticides for ultralow-volume (ULV) aerosol applications used to manage high densities of adult mosquitoes. Pyrethroids are highly toxic to nontarget organisms such as certain aquatic organisms, and there have been concerns about the effect of applications of ULV insecticides on these organisms. To address the uncertainties associated with the risks of ULV applications and the contradictory findings of other ecological risk assessments, the authors performed a probabilistic aquatic ecological risk assessment for permethrin using actual environmental deposition on surfaces to estimate permethrin concentrations in water. The present study is the first ecological risk assessment for pyrethroids to quantitatively integrate the reduction in bioavailability resulting from the presence of dissolved organic matter. As part of the risk assessment, the authors incorporated a species sensitivity distribution to take into account the differences in toxicity for different species. The 95th percentile estimated concentration would result in less than 0.0001% of the potentially affected fraction of species reaching the lethal concentration that kills 50% of a population. The results of the present study are supported by the weight of evidence that pyrethroids applied by ground-based ULV equipment will not result in deleterious effects on aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome J Schleier
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.
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Anderson JF, Cowles RS. Susceptibility of Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) to pyrethroid insecticides and to insecticidal dusts with or without pyrethroid insecticides. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2012; 105:1789-1795. [PMID: 23156178 DOI: 10.1603/ec12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Relative increases of bed bug, Cimex lectularius L., populations are probably due in large measure to their resistance to pyrethroids, which have been used extensively against urban pests. A Connecticut population of bed bugs was assessed for sensitivity to pyrethroids and exposed to commonly-used commercial insecticides applied to various substrates on which the residues were allowed to age for 0-24 wk. Type I and type II pyrethroids differed in toxicity when applied at a high dosage (1 microg) per bed bug. Some type II pyrethroids (cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cis-cypermethrin, and deltamethrin) caused > 80% mortality, whereas exposure to type I pyrethroids caused < 5% mortality over 72 h (with one exception, pyrethrins caused 23% mortality). Dust products were not affected by residue aging; mortality response over time of exposure closely fit (R2 > 0.95) an exponential rise to a maximum model from which the survival half-life (S1/2) was calculated directly. Tempo Dust (Bayer Environmental Science, Montvale, NJ) killed bed bugs relatively quickly, as did Syloid 244 (Grace Davison, Columbia, MD) and Drione (Bayer Environmental Science, Montvale, NJ) on hardboard and mattress fabric substrates (S1/2 < 1 d); DeltaDust (Bayer Environmental Science, Montvale, NJ) provided a relatively slow kill (S1/2 approximately equal to 3.5 d). The sprayable pyrethroids, Cyonara 9.7 (Insecticide Control solutions, Pasadena, TX) and D-Force HPX Aerosol 0.06% (Waterbury Companies, Waterbury, CT), displayed reduced residual toxicity as they aged; the mortality was < 50% on some substrates after 4 d. Desiccant dusts, with their physical mode of action and long residual activity, appear to be superior to sprayable pyrethroid products for killing bed bugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Anderson
- Department of Entomology and Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504-1106, USA.
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