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Ameri A, Pourseyedi F, Davoodian P, Safa O, Hassanipour S, Fathalipour M. Efficacy and safety of deferoxamine in moderately ill COVID-19 patients: An open label, randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39142. [PMID: 39183421 PMCID: PMC11346869 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deferoxamine is a potent iron chelator that could remove iron from the virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 requires iron to replication. Also, deferoxamine has antioxidant and cytokine-modulating effects. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of deferoxamine in patients with moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS In this randomized controlled trial, patients with moderate COVID-19 were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the deferoxamine group (received a solution of 500 mg deferoxamine divided into 4 doses a day through a nebulizer for 7 days) and the control group. The main outcomes were viral clearance, oxygen saturation (SPO2), body temperature, and respiratory rate (RR). Intensive care unit admission, hospital length of stay, and hospital mortality were also assessed. RESULTS A total of 62 patients, with 30 in the deferoxamine group and 32 in the control group, were randomly assigned. There was no statistically significant improvement in viral clearance after the intervention ended in the deferoxamine group (36.7%) compared to the control group (34.4%). The results showed there was no significant difference between the analyzed groups in terms of SPO2, body temperature, RR, and the number of patients with a worse prognosis (SPO2 < 96%, temperature ≥ 37.5 °C, or RR ≥ 16/min) at the end of the study. There were no significant differences seen between the groups in terms of intensive care unit admission, hospital length of stay, hospital mortality, and the occurrence of adverse medication events during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION Deferoxamine had no significant impact on improving moderately ill patients with COVID-19. However, it was well-tolerated in the patients, and this intervention demonstrated a safe profile of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ameri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Farnaz Pourseyedi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Parivash Davoodian
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Omid Safa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fathalipour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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2
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Oh JW, Gwon S, Lee S, Son NH. Association of social gatherings and physical exercise with depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 178:23-32. [PMID: 39106580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Strict social isolation and physical distancing measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic had significant implications for the psychological well-being of middle-aged and older adults. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with depressive symptoms during the pandemic period among individuals who reported no significant depressive symptoms before the pandemic. Individuals from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging without a previous report of significant depressive symptoms across Waves 6 (2016) and 7 (2018) were investigated for the development of depressive symptoms in Wave 8 (2020). The multivariable logistic regression results revealed that both men and women who participated in social gatherings and physical exercise less than once a week were associated with an increase in the likelihood of depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] 2.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.80-4.61 and OR 2.61; 95% CI 1.64-4.15, respectively for men and OR 2.58; 95% CI 1.80-3.70 and OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.02-2.23, respectively for women). In addition, unmarried men (OR 2.38; 95% CI 1.37-4.14) and women with one chronic disease (OR 1.98; 95% CI 1.14-3.43) or two or more chronic diseases (OR 2.28; 95% CI 1.31-3.99) reported a significant increase in the likelihood of depressive symptoms. Regular social gatherings and physical exercise were identified as key factors in mitigating depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults. The findings can inform the development of public health strategies that promote regular social interactions and physical activity to enhance the psychological resilience and overall well-being of middle-aged and older adults in the endemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Oh
- Department of Psychology, The University of Utah Asia Campus, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyeon Gwon
- Department of Statistics, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - San Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and the Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nak-Hoon Son
- Department of Statistics, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Mohammadi Y, Ranjbaran J, Mamashli M, Marzuni HZ, Dashtgard A, Mohsenizadeh SM. Investigating the effects of the Omicron variant of COVID-19 on sperm parameters and serum levels of male sexual hormones: Prospective observational study. New Microbes New Infect 2024; 60-61:101432. [PMID: 38800713 PMCID: PMC11126988 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2024.101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background With the progress and prevalence of COVID-19, concerns have arisen regarding its impact on men's sexual health. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of examining the effects of COVID-19 on serum levels of sex hormones and semen. Methods Sixty participants who met the study inclusion criteria enrolled in this study between January and April 2022. The individuals were divided into three groups (n = 20): healthy, COVID-19 positive, and recovered from COVID-19. Blood and semen samples were collected from the participants. Serum levels of sex hormones and semen were evaluated both macroscopically and microscopically. Results Our study results showed that the most common symptoms observed in the COVID-19 group were cough (100 %), fever (100 %), fatigue (95 %), and runny nose (90 %). Serum levels of sex hormones (testosterone, FSH, and prolactin) in the COVID-19 group were significantly decreased compared to the healthy group. Microscopic examination of semen revealed significant differences in vitality, progressive, and motile parameters among the three groups, with a decrease observed in the COVID-19 group. Conclusion These results indicate that COVID-19 may have a negative impact on men's sexual health, potentially affecting hormone production and sperm quality. Further research is needed to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 on male fertility and to explore potential treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Mohammadi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Ranjbaran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Morteza Mamashli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hadi Zare Marzuni
- Department of Nursing, Qaen School of Medical Sciences, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Ali Dashtgard
- Department of Nursing, Qaen School of Medical Sciences, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Mohsenizadeh
- Department of Nursing, Qaen School of Medical Sciences, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Ferrari F, Sodi F, Madotto F, Carlesso E, Florio G, Pelliccia MR, Laquintana D, Bisesti A, Piatti A, Letzgus M, Tiwana N, Jachetti A, Mancarella M, Cereda D, Leoni O, Borriello CR, Chiappa L, Sottocorno M, Costantino G, Zanella A, Grasselli G. Medical occurrence and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination outside of the hospital setting. Intern Emerg Med 2024:10.1007/s11739-024-03641-4. [PMID: 39042210 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-024-03641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
During COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination has been strongly recommended and advocated to prevent COVID-19 infection and adverse outcomes, particularly among at-risk populations. The vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 (COVAC) occurred at off-site locations capable of accommodating large crowds, distinct from the hospital setting, where a team of intensivists, emergency physicians, and nurses, ensuring prompt medical attention (medical occurrences, MO) in cases of adverse event following immunization. Our aims were to estimate the incidence of MO, and to assess its association with demographics, and vaccine characteristics. Our retrospective cohort study included all subject aged 12 years and older who received vaccinations at two large out-of-hospital vaccination hubs (Fiera Milano City, Palazzo delle Scintille), between April 12th and August 31st, 2021. Nine hundred and ninety-five thousand and twenty-eight vaccinations were administrated. MOs incidence rate was 278/100,000 doses (95% confidence interval (CI) 268-289). Most MOs were mild (86.27%) and mainly observed in subjects who received the Comirnaty vaccine; 92 MOs (3.32%) were severe and mostly occurred in recipients of the Vaxzeria vaccine. The incidence rate for hospital transfers following vaccination was 4.7/100,000 doses (95% CI 3.5-6.2) and any level of anaphylaxis occurred in 0.4 cases per 100,000 administrated doses (95% CI 0.3.-0.7). Sex, age, type of vaccine and first dose were associated with incidence of MO. Our results showed a low incidence rate in MOs after COVAC, mainly mild and support the feasibility, effectiveness and safety of vaccinations administered in hubs with a dedicated SEU located outside of the hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenza Ferrari
- Dipartimento Area Emergenza-Urgenza, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Sodi
- Dipartimento Area Emergenza-Urgenza, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Padiglione Litta, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabiana Madotto
- Dipartimento Area Emergenza-Urgenza, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Carlesso
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Padiglione Litta, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Florio
- Dipartimento Area Emergenza-Urgenza, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Pelliccia
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Padiglione Litta, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Laquintana
- Direzione Aziendale Professioni Sanitarie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Bisesti
- Direzione Aziendale Professioni Sanitarie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Piatti
- Direzione Medica di Presidio, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Letzgus
- Direzione Medica di Presidio, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Navpreet Tiwana
- Direzione Medica di Presidio, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Jachetti
- Emergency Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Mancarella
- Emergency Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore, Milan, Italy
| | - Danilo Cereda
- General Directorate for Health, Lombardy Region, Milan, Italy
| | - Olivia Leoni
- General Directorate for Health, Lombardy Region, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Chiappa
- Direzione Sanitaria, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Sottocorno
- Hospital Pharmacy Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Costantino
- Emergency Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Zanella
- Dipartimento Area Emergenza-Urgenza, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Padiglione Litta, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Grasselli
- Dipartimento Area Emergenza-Urgenza, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Padiglione Litta, Milan, Italy
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Pei H, Wang H, Yan G. Effects of behavioral observability and social proof on the coupled epidemic-awareness dynamics in multiplex networks. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307553. [PMID: 39042589 PMCID: PMC11265721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite much progress in exploring the coupled epidemic-awareness dynamics in multiplex networks, little attention has been paid to the joint impacts of behavioral observability and social proof on epidemic spreading. Since both the protective actions taken by direct neighbors and the observability of these actions have essential influence on individuals' decisions. Thus, we propose a UAPU-SIR model by integrating the effects of these two factors into the decision-making process of taking preventive measures. Specifically, a new state called taken protective actions is introduced into the original unaware-aware-unaware (UAU) model to characterize the action-taken state of individuals after getting epidemic-related information. Using the Microscopic Markov Chain Approach (MMCA), the methods and model are described, and the epidemic threshold is analytically derived. We find that both observability of protecting behaviors and social proof can reduce the epidemic prevalence and raise the epidemic threshold. Moreover, only if observability of protection actions reaches a certain threshold can accelerating information diffusion is able to inhibit disease spreading and result in higher epidemic threshold. We also discover that, reducing the forgetting rate of information is able to decrease epidemic size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayan Pei
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huanmin Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guanghui Yan
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Mun M, Kim A, Woo K. Natural Language Processing Application in Nursing Research: A Study Using Text Network Analysis and Topic Modeling. Comput Inform Nurs 2024:00024665-990000000-00202. [PMID: 38913983 DOI: 10.1097/cin.0000000000001158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Although the potential of natural language processing and an increase in its application in nursing research is evident, there is a lack of understanding of the research trends. This study conducts text network analysis and topic modeling to uncover the underlying knowledge structures, research trends, and emergent research themes within nursing literature related to natural language processing. In addition, this study aims to provide a foundation for future scholarly inquiries and enhance the integration of natural language processing in the analysis of nursing research. We analyzed 443 literature abstracts and performed core keyword analysis and topic modeling based on frequency and centrality. The following topics emerged: (1) Term Identification and Communication; (2) Application of Machine Learning; (3) Exploration of Health Outcome Factors; (4) Intervention and Participant Experience; and (5) Disease-Related Algorithms. Nursing meta-paradigm elements were identified within the core keyword analysis, which led to understanding and expanding the meta-paradigm. Although still in its infancy in nursing research with limited topics and research volumes, natural language processing can potentially enhance research efficiency and nursing quality. The findings emphasize the possibility of integrating natural language processing in nursing-related subjects, validating nursing value, and fostering the exploration of essential paradigms in nursing science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Mun
- Author Affiliations: College of Nursing (Mrs Mun, Mrs Kim, and Dr Woo), and The Research Institute of Nursing Science, College of Nursing (Dr Woo), Seoul National University, South Korea
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Galarza CRC, Sánchez OND, Pimentel JS, Bulhões R, López-Gonzales JL, Rodrigues PC. Bayesian Spatio-Temporal Modeling of the Dynamics of COVID-19 Deaths in Peru. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 26:474. [PMID: 38920483 PMCID: PMC11202420 DOI: 10.3390/e26060474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of the disease is crucial for effective public health interventions. This study aims to analyze COVID-19 data in Peru using a Bayesian spatio-temporal generalized linear model to elucidate mortality patterns and assess the impact of vaccination efforts. Leveraging data from 194 provinces over 651 days, our analysis reveals heterogeneous spatial and temporal patterns in COVID-19 mortality rates. Higher vaccination coverage is associated with reduced mortality rates, emphasizing the importance of vaccination in mitigating the pandemic's impact. The findings underscore the value of spatio-temporal data analysis in understanding disease dynamics and guiding targeted public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Raúl Castro Galarza
- Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima 15468, Peru; (C.R.C.G.); (O.N.D.S.); (J.L.L.-G.)
| | | | - Jonatha Sousa Pimentel
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-540, PE, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Bulhões
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil; (R.B.); (P.C.R.)
| | | | - Paulo Canas Rodrigues
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil; (R.B.); (P.C.R.)
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Petrof O, Neyens T, Vaes B, Janssens A, Faes C. Using a general practice research database to assess the spatio-temporal COVID-19 risk. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2024; 25:175. [PMID: 38773431 PMCID: PMC11106891 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-024-02423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Flanders, general practitioners (GPs) were among the first ones to collect data regarding COVID-19 cases. Intego is a GPs' morbidity registry in primary care with data collected from the electronic medical records from a sample of general practices. The Intego database contain elaborate information regarding patient characteristics, such as comorbidities. At the national level, the Belgian Public Health Institute (Sciensano) recorded all test-confirmed COVID-19 cases, but without other patient characteristics. METHODS Spatio and spatio-temporal analyses were used to analyse the spread of COVID-19 incidence at two levels of spatial aggregation: the municipality and the health sector levels. Our study goal was to compare spatio-temporal modelling results based on the Intego and Sciensano data, in order to see whether the Intego database is capable of detecting epidemiological trends similar to those in the Sciensano data. Comparable results would allow researchers to use these Intego data, and their wealth of patient information, to model COVID-19-related processes. RESULTS The two data sources provided comparable results. Being a male decreased the odds of having COVID-19 disease. The odds for the age categories (17,35], (35,65] and (65,110] of being a confirmed COVID-19 case were significantly higher than the odds for the age category [0,17]. In the Intego data, having one of the following comorbidities, i.e., chronic kidney disease, heart and vascular disease, and diabetes, was significantly associated with being a COVID-19 case, increasing the odds of being diagnosed with COVID-19. CONCLUSION We were able to show how an alternative data source, the Intego data, can be used in a pandemic situation. We consider our findings useful for public health officials who plan intervention strategies aimed at monitor and control disease outbreaks such as that of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Petrof
- I-Biostat, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Neyens
- I-Biostat, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Leuven Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics Centre (L-BioStat), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Vaes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arne Janssens
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Chen H, Zhang Y, Qian Y, Shen Y, Guo H, Ma R, Lu B, Miao P, Xu B, Xu J, Chen B. A propensity score matched analysis of COVID-19 ongoing symptoms in primary medical staff members with different levels of stress in Jiangsu Province, China. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30502. [PMID: 38765114 PMCID: PMC11098781 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Ongoing symptoms which originated from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections threaten the health of a broad population of patients. With recent changes in COVID-19 control measures in China, medical staff members are currently experiencing a high level of stress. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 and explore the potential association between stress and ongoing COVID symptoms. Methods From January 17th to February 2, 2023, primary medical staff members in Jiangsu Province were surveyed using a self-designed questionnaire. Univariate multinomial logistic analysis was used to illustrate the relationship between stress and ongoing symptoms after matching the low- and high-stress groups in a 1:1 ratio based on propensity scores. Results Analysis revealed that 14.83 % (3785/25,516) of primary medical staff members infected with COVID-19 experienced ongoing symptoms, the most common of which included cough (9.51 %), dyspnea (9.51 %), sleep problems (4.40 %), anxiety (2.29 %), and reproductive system symptoms (1.89 %). In matched patients, higher stress levels were associated with a greater risk of ongoing symptoms than in patients without ongoing symptoms for 14 of the 15 reported symptoms in this study (odds ratios [ORs] > 1 and P < 0.05). Moreover, higher levels of stress were associated with a greater risk of more ongoing symptoms, and the overall ORs increased with the number of symptoms (ORs >1 and P < 0.05). Conclusion To mitigate the possibility of experiencing ongoing symptoms, healthcare organizations and local authority agencies should institute helpful measures to decrease stress levels such as medical staff augmentation and enabling all staff to have a reasonable work-life balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongkang Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Haijian Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongji Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Beier Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengcheng Miao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Biyun Xu
- Medical Statistics and Analysis Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinshui Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingwei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Gholamalizadeh M, Salimi Z, Mobarakeh KA, Mahmoudi Z, Tajadod S, Mousavi Mele M, Alami F, Bahar B, Doaei S, Khoshdooz S, Rahvar M, Gholami S, Pourtaleb M. The association between enteral nutrition with survival of critical patients with COVID-19. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1261. [PMID: 38717056 PMCID: PMC11078021 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) results in several complications and mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Limited studies have investigated the effect of enteral nutrition (EN) on the survival of COVID-19 patients in the ICU. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of EN with biochemical and pathological indices associated with mortality in ICU patients with COVID-19. METHODS This case-control study was conducted on 240 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in the ICU including 120 eventual nonsurvived as the cases and 120 survived patients as the controls. All of the patients received EN as a high protein high volume or standard formula. Data on general information, anthropometric measurements, and the results of lab tests were collected. RESULTS The recovered patients received significantly more high protein (60.8% vs. 39.6%, p = .004) and high volume (61.6% vs. 42.3%, p = .005) formula compared to the nonsurvived group. Mortality was inversely associated with high volume (odds ratio [OR]: 0.45 confidence interval [CI]95%, p = .008) and high protein (OR: 0.42 CI95%, p = .003) formula. The results remained significant after adjusting for age and sex. Further adjustment for underlying diseases, smoking, body mass index, and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score did not change the results. CONCLUSION The findings of the study showed that there was a significant inverse association between mortality and high volume and high protein formula in patients with COVID-19. Further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Salimi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food TechnologyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Khadijeh Abbasi Mobarakeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food ScienceIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Zahra Mahmoudi
- Department of NutritionScience and Research Branch Islamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Shirin Tajadod
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, International CampusIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Farkhondeh Alami
- Nutrition Sciences and Applied Food Safety Studies, Research Centre for Global Development, School of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of Central LancashirePrestonUK
| | - Bojlul Bahar
- Department of Nutrition, Student Research Committee, Faculty of MedicineUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Cancer Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Sara Khoshdooz
- Razi Clinical Research Development Unit, Razi HospitalGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Masoume Rahvar
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Razi HospitalGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Somayeh Gholami
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Razi HospitalGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Masoume Pourtaleb
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Razi HospitalGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
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11
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Garrett C, Aghaei A, Aggarwal A, Qiao S. The Role of Social Media in the Experiences of COVID-19 Among Long-Hauler Women: Qualitative Study. JMIR Hum Factors 2024; 11:e50443. [PMID: 38652515 PMCID: PMC11042494 DOI: 10.2196/50443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extant literature suggests that women are more vulnerable to COVID-19 infection and at higher risk for developing long COVID. Due to pandemic mitigation recommendations, social media was relied upon for various aspects of daily life, likely with differences of usage between genders. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the role and functions of social media in the lives of long-hauler women. METHODS Participants were purposively snowball-sampled from an online health promotion intervention for long-hauler women with COVID-19 from March to June 2021. During this time, one-on-one, semistructured interviews were conducted online until data saturation was agreed to have been achieved (ie, 15 interviews). Interview transcripts and field notes were analyzed using an emergent, inductive approach. RESULTS In total, 15 women were enrolled. The main roles of social media included facilitating support group participation, experience sharing, interpersonal connections, and media consumption. Emergent themes demonstrated that participants rely on social media to fulfill needs of emotional support, social engagement, spirituality, health planning, information gathering, professional support, and recreationally for relaxation. As long-hauler women turn to social media to discuss symptom and health management as well as the intention to vaccinate, this study demonstrates both the associated benefits (ie, decreased isolation) and challenges (ie, misinformation, rumination, resentment, jealousy). CONCLUSIONS The public health implications of these findings support the development of gender-tailored health promotion interventions that leverage the benefits of social media, while mitigating the negative impacts, for women with long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camryn Garrett
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Atefeh Aghaei
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Abhishek Aggarwal
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Shan Qiao
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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12
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Silva-Caso W, Pérez-Lazo G, Aguilar-Luis MA, Morales-Moreno A, Ballena-López J, Soto-Febres F, Martins-Luna J, Del Valle LJ, Kym S, Aguilar-Luis D, Denegri-Hinostroza D, Del Valle-Mendoza J. Identification and Clinical Characteristics of Community-Acquired Acinetobacter baumannii in Patients Hospitalized for Moderate or Severe COVID-19 in Peru. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:266. [PMID: 38534701 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii has been described as a cause of serious community-acquired infections in tropical countries. Currently, its implications when simultaneously identified with other pathogens are not yet adequately understood. A descriptive study was conducted on hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of moderate/severe SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia confirmed via real-time RT-PCR. Patients aged > 18 years who were admitted to a specialized COVID-19 treatment center in Peru were selected for enrollment. A. baumannii was detected via the PCR amplification of the blaOXA-51 gene obtained from nasopharyngeal swabs within 48 h of hospitalization. A total of 295 patients with COVID-19 who met the study inclusion criteria were enrolled. A. baumannii was simultaneously identified in 40/295 (13.5%) of COVID-19-hospitalized patients. Demographic data and comorbidities were comparable in both Acinetobacter-positive and -negative subgroups. However, patients identified as being infected with Acinetobacter were more likely to have received outpatient antibiotics prior to hospitalization, had a higher requirement for high-flow nasal cannula and a higher subjective incidence of fatigue, and were more likely to develop Acinetobacter-induced pneumonia during hospitalization. Conclusions: The group in which SARS-CoV-2 and A. baumannii were simultaneously identified had a higher proportion of fatigue, a higher frequency of requiring a high-flow cannula, and a higher proportion of superinfection with the same microorganism during hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilmer Silva-Caso
- School of Medicine, Research Center of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima 15023, Peru
| | - Giancarlo Pérez-Lazo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National Hospital-EsSalud, Lima 15033, Peru
| | - Miguel Angel Aguilar-Luis
- School of Medicine, Research Center of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima 15023, Peru
| | - Adriana Morales-Moreno
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National Hospital-EsSalud, Lima 15033, Peru
| | - José Ballena-López
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National Hospital-EsSalud, Lima 15033, Peru
| | - Fernando Soto-Febres
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National Hospital-EsSalud, Lima 15033, Peru
| | - Johanna Martins-Luna
- School of Medicine, Research Center of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima 15023, Peru
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnológica del Perú, Lima 15046, Peru
| | - Luis J Del Valle
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sungmin Kym
- Korea International Cooperation for Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Deysi Aguilar-Luis
- School of Medicine, Research Center of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima 15023, Peru
| | - Dayana Denegri-Hinostroza
- School of Medicine, Research Center of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima 15023, Peru
| | - Juana Del Valle-Mendoza
- School of Medicine, Research Center of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima 15023, Peru
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13
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Chen H, Xiong X, Huang Y, Huang B, Luo X, Ke Q, Wu P, Wang S. SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization by Cell Membrane-Coated Antifouling Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:909-917. [PMID: 38273679 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The global outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has indisputably wreaked havoc on societies worldwide, compelling the scientific community to seek urgently needed therapeutic agents with low-cost and low-side effect profiles. Numerous approaches have been investigated in the quest to prevent or treat COVID-19, but many of them exhibit unwelcome side effects, such as dysfunctional viral immune responses and inflammation. Herein, we present the preparation of solid natural human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (ATII) membrane-coated PLGA NPs (PLGA NPs@ATII-M), which demonstrate remarkable affinity and competitiveness to neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein-coated NPs (SCMMA NPs-S1), which are employed as a surrogate for coronavirus particles. In addition, we first considered the antifouling properties of these types of NPs, and we found that this membrane-coated NP formulation boasts excellent antifouling capabilities, which serve to protect their neutralization properties out of shielding by protein coronas in blood circulation. Moreover, this formulation is easily prepared and stored with a low-cost profile and exhibits good specificity, high targeting efficiency, and potentially side effect avoiding, thus making it a highly promising candidate for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Xilin Xiong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Bo Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Xinxin Luo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Qi Ke
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Pengyu Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Suxiao Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
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14
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Rakhshani T, Nikeghbal S, Kashfi SM, Kamyab A, Harsini PA, Jeihooni AK. Effect of educational intervention based on protection motivation theory on preventive behaviors of respiratory infections among hospital staff. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1326760. [PMID: 38249399 PMCID: PMC10796505 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1326760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hospital staff represent a vulnerable population for respiratory diseases. Consequently, the implementation of training programs becomes imperative as a preventive measure against such infections in these populations. The current study was conducted to examine the impact of an educational intervention based on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) on preventive behaviors for respiratory infections among a group of hospital staff. Methods This experimental study involves a sample of 150 hospital staff from Gachsaran City, Iran, in 2021-2022. The sampling technique involved the utilization of a random assignment approach to allocate individuals into two distinct groups: the experimental group, consisting of 75 participants, and the control group, also including 75 individuals. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire designed in accordance with the PMT. This questionnaire was administered to both the experimental and control groups prior to the intervention as well as two months following the intervention. The intervention program consisted of a total of five sessions, each lasting for 60 min, for the experimental group. These sessions were conducted on a weekly basis over a period of two and a half months. Specifically, there were two sessions held every month and one session held every two weeks. Following the completion of the program, the data was entered into SPSS-24 statistical software for analysis using paired t-tests, independent t-tests, and chi-square tests. Results The results indicated that prior to the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of perceived vulnerability constructs (p = 0.25), perceived severity (p = 0.63), perceived response (p = 0.32), and perceived reward (p = 0.11). Besides, there was no considerable distinction in perceived self-efficacy (p = 0.84), perceived response cost (p = 0.33), fear (p = 0.45), behavior motivation (p = 0.51), knowledge (p = 92), or vaccination behavior (p = 0.12) before the educational intervention. However, a significant change was noticed in each of the mentioned variables between the two groups after the intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion The results of this study indicated that the implementation of an educational intervention grounded in the PMT yields positive outcomes in enhancing preventative behaviors pertaining to respiratory infections. Hence, it is recommended to utilize an intervention grounded in this theory among hospital staff as a viable approach to mitigating the occurrence of respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Rakhshani
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sepahdar Nikeghbal
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mansour Kashfi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Kamyab
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Pooyan Afzali Harsini
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Khani Jeihooni
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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15
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Takahashi K. Thank You Once Again for Your Excellent Articles! TOHOKU J EXP MED 2024; 262:43-44. [PMID: 38311433 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.2024.j009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Takahashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Applied Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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16
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Szilagyi IS, Eggeling E, Bornemann-Cimenti H, Ullrich T. Impact of the pandemic and its containment measures in Europe upon aspects of affective impairments: a Google Trends informetrics study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7685-7697. [PMID: 37357891 PMCID: PMC10755220 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In late 2019, a new virus began spreading in Wuhan, China. By the end of 2021, more than 260 million people worldwide had been infected and 5.2 million people had died because of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Various countermeasures have been implemented to contain the infections, depending on the country, infection prevalence, and political and infrastructural resources. The pandemic and the containment measures have induced diverse psychological burdens. Using internet queries as a proxy, this study examines the psychological consequences on a European level of SARS-CoV-2 containment measures. METHODS Using informetric analyses, this study reviews within 32 European countries a total of 28 search parameters derived from the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) as aspects of affective disorder. RESULTS Our results show that there are several psychological aspects which are significantly emphasized during the pandemic and its containment measures: 'anxiety', 'dejection', 'weariness', 'listlessness', 'loss of appetite', 'loss of libido', 'panic attack', and 'worthlessness'. These terms are significantly more frequently part of a search query during the pandemic than before the outbreak. Furthermore, our results revealed that search parameters such as 'psychologist', 'psychotherapist', 'psychotherapy' have increased highly significantly (p < 0.01) since the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS The psychological distress caused by the pandemic correlates significantly with the frequency of people searching for psychological and psychotherapeutic support on the Internet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Istvan-Szilard Szilagyi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Eggeling
- Fraunhofer Austria Research GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Helmar Bornemann-Cimenti
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Torsten Ullrich
- Fraunhofer Austria Research GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Computer Graphics and Knowledge Visualization, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
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17
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Ameri A, Farashahinejad M, Davoodian P, Safa O, Kusha A, Dadvand H, Hassanipour S, Fathalipour M. Efficacy and safety of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) in moderately ill patients with COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:3037-3045. [PMID: 37847472 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Licorice extract (glycyrrhizin), a potent antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant remedy, is a potential therapeutic option for COVID-19. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of licorice in patients with moderate COVID-19. In this study, 60 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive licorice (at a dose of 760 mg three times a day for seven days) or control groups. The primary outcomes were SPO2, body temperature, and respiratory rate (RR) after the end of the intervention. The findings indicated that SPO2, body temperature, and RR had no significant difference between the groups at the end of the intervention. However, CRP and ALT improved in the licorice group toward the baseline. The number of patients with worse prognoses, LOS, mortality, and the incidence of adverse events were not different between the groups at the end of the study. Licorice had no beneficial effect on the clinical symptoms of COVID-19. Moreover, this intervention demonstrated a safe profile of adverse events. The confirmation of the results of this preparatory trial requires more detailed multiple-center trials with a larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ameri
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farashahinejad
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Parivash Davoodian
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Omid Safa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Amin Kusha
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Habib Dadvand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fathalipour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
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18
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Afiadenyo M, Adams L, Agoni C, Moane S, Mckeon-Bennett M, Obiri-Yeboah D, Singh J. Computational Screening of Neuropilin-1 Unveils Novel Potential Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutics. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301227. [PMID: 37878727 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Neuropilin 1 (NRP-1) inhibition has shown promise in reducing the infectivity of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and preventing the virus entry into nerve tissues, thereby mitigating neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients. In this study, we employed virtual screening, including molecular docking, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation, and Molecular Mechanics-Poisson Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) calculations, to identify potential NRP-1 inhibitors. From a compendium of 1930 drug-like natural compounds, we identified five potential leads: CNP0435132, CNP0435311, CNP0424372, CNP0429647, and CNP0427474, displaying robust binding energies of -8.2, -8.1, -10.7, -8.2, and -8.2 kcal/mol, respectively. These compounds demonstrated interactions with critical residues Tyr297, Trp301, Thr316, Asp320, Ser346, Thr349, and Tyr353 located within the b1 subdomain of NRP-1. Furthermore, MD simulations and MM-PBSA calculations affirmed the stability of the complexes formed, with average root mean square deviation, radius of gyration, and solvent accessible surface area values of 0.118 nm, 1.516 nm, and 88.667 nm2 , respectively. Notably, these lead compounds were estimated to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and displayed antiviral properties, with Pa values ranging from 0.414 to 0.779. The antagonistic effects of these lead compounds merit further investigation, as they hold the potential to serve as foundational scaffolds for the development of innovative therapeutics aimed at reducing the neuroinfectivity of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Afiadenyo
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Latif Adams
- Technological University of Shannon: Midlands Midwest Midlands Campus, Athlone, Ireland
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Clement Agoni
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield D04, V1 W8, Ireland
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
- West African Centre for Computational Research and Innovation, Ghana
| | - Siobhan Moane
- Technological University of Shannon: Midlands Midwest Midlands Campus, Athlone, Ireland
| | | | - Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Jasdeep Singh
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Joseph JO, Ylade M, Daag JV, Aogo R, Crisostomo MV, Mpingabo P, Premkumar L, Deen J, Katzelnick L. High transmission of endemic human coronaviruses before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents in Cebu, Philippines. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3581033. [PMID: 38014070 PMCID: PMC10680936 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3581033/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, is a betacoronavirus belonging to the same genus as endemic human coronaviruses (hCoVs) OC43 and HKU1 and is distinct from alpha hCoVs 229E and NL63. In a study of adolescents in the Philippines, we evaluated the seroprevalence to hCoVs, whether pre-pandemic hCoV immunity modulated subsequent risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and if SARS-CoV-2 infection affected the transmission of the hCoVs. METHODS From 499 samples collected in 2021 and screened by SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we randomly selected 59 SARS-CoV-2 negative and 61 positive individuals for further serological evaluation. We measured RBD and spike antibodies to the four hCoVs and SARS-CoV-2 by ELISA in samples from the same participants collected pre-pandemic (2018-2019) and mid-pandemic (2021), before COVID-19 vaccination. RESULTS We observed over 72% seropositivity to the four hCoVs pre-pandemic. Binding antibodies increased with age to 229E and OC43, suggesting endemic circulation, while immunity was flat across ages for HKU1 and NL63. During the COVID-19 pandemic, antibody level increased significantly to the RBDs of OC43, NL63, and 229E and spikes of all four hCoVs in both SARS-CoV-2 negative and positive adolescents. Those aged 12-15 years old in 2021 had higher antibodies to RBD and spike of OC43, NL63, and 229E than adolescents the same age in 2019, further demonstrating intense transmission of the hCoVs during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS We observe a limited impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on endemic hCoV transmission. This study provides insight into co-circulation of hCoVs and SARS-CoV-2.
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Zhang D, Chen S, López-Gil JF, Hong J, Wang F, Liu Y. 24-Hour movement behaviours research during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic scoping review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2188. [PMID: 37936168 PMCID: PMC10631189 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many studies examining 24-hour movement behaviours based on the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (24HMG) have been published during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, no comprehensive reviews summarized and synthesized the evidence concerning studies using 24HMG. The aim of this scoping review was to synthesize the evidence from the 24HMG studies published during the pandemic. METHODS Three electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO) were utilized to conduct a literature search. The search procedure adhered to the guidelines set by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Initially, a total of 1339 research articles published in peer-reviewed journals were screened. After eliminating 461 duplicates, 878 articles remained. The titles and/or abstracts of these articles were then cross-checked, and 25 articles were included. Subsequently, two authors independently assessed full-text of articles based on the pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in the final selection of 16 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Study characteristics (e.g., study population, study design, measurement) were extracted and then summarized. According to the Viable Integrative Research in Time-use Research (VIRTUE) epidemiology, the included studies were further classified into different but interrelated study domains (e.g., composition, determinants, health outcomes). RESULTS The majority of included articles focused on children and adolescents as study population. This study primarily demonstrated that a low prevalence of meeting the 24HMG among children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. There has been a decline in the percentage of individuals meeting the 24HMG compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. The majority of included studies focused on sociodemographic factors when examining the correlates of meeting the 24HMG, while a few studies assessed factors of other domains, such as social, cultural, and environmental aspects. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on healthy 24-hour movement behaviours in children and adolescents. In conjunction with the studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, more studies were encouraged to explore the correlates of meeting the 24HMG and the associated health benefits in wider ranges of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Sitong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
| | | | - Jintao Hong
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-doping Agency), Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Kun Shan Lu Jia Senior High School, Jiangsu, 215331, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Shanghai Research Centre for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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21
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Hamuli RP, Mayhew SH, Sahani MK. Humanitarian sector (international non-governmental organisations) support to the community in Goma city/DRC during the COVID-19 pandemic period: Expectations and reality. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002086. [PMID: 37862286 PMCID: PMC10588899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 was the largest public health emergency to disrupt social life and health systems worldwide. The pandemic affected all world continents creating fear and stress in many aspects of social life. The pandemic spread from China to Europe, then to Africa carrying with it all the negative impacts affecting population wellbeing. The COVID-19 pandemic was declared in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in March 2020 and created huge shock and stress countrywide. Goma city accommodates more than 30 international non-governmental humanitarian organisations (HO) who have sought to support local communities to help them overcome COVID-19 stress. Few studies to date have considered the role of these HO from the perspective of the beneficiary populations. This is a descriptive, analytical study, reporting data collected from a survey questionnaire to 100 community members (including 21 healthcare professionals) in Karisimbi health zone in Goma city in DRC. The study's main aim was to explore how community members viewed the contribution and impact of HO actions during COVID-19 in Goma city. We identified some important mis-matches between community expectations and HO actions which must be addressed in future outbreaks. First, community members had big expectations of HO in terms of practice support to tackle the pandemic (including providing handwashing devices and mobile support teams), yet the vast majority of respondents reported seeing little or no such actions. This can create resentment against HO and it is critically important that they rapidly engage with communities at the start of any outbreak to understand their needs and concerns and develop strategies to directly respond to these. Second, HO played a very limited role in dissemination of information about COVID-19 and were not trusted messengers. Our findings showed that most people's preferred source of information about COVID-19, specifically vaccines, was local healthcare workers-particularly those who were known well and therefore trusted. HO (and national responders) should therefore map trusted spokespersons (including healthcare professionals) in the targeted communities and involve them in the planning and implementation of interventions as essential steps in the response. Among our respondents, social media played a large role in information sharing. Further research is needed to understand the role that social media (particularly Facebook and WhatsApp which were most frequently used) could play in sharing messages from trusted sources, including official government communications. Collectively, these actions could help create a positive attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine and similar interventions in future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Paluku Hamuli
- Department of Research and Diseases Prevention, Centre Medical Hope, Goma city, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Susannah H. Mayhew
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mateus Kambale Sahani
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Wei J, Yun Z, Zhang Y, Mei X, Ba L, Peng H, Li N, Li M, Liu Z, Liu H. The status of e-learning, personality traits, and coping styles among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1239583. [PMID: 37817833 PMCID: PMC10561257 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1239583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to explore the learning preferences and habits of medical students during the pandemic home e-learning, and to investigate the incidence of adverse emotions, optimistic character level and coping style. To explore the influencing factors of adverse emotions. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in China from March to June 2022. Medical students were recruited from three universities in China, and a questionnaire survey was conducted. The questionnaires consisted of a "e-learning preferences and habits questionnaire", life orientation test questionnaire (LOT-R), and simple coping style questionnaire (SCSQ). Finally, a total of 492 medical students who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria became the research subjects and completed the survey. Results A total of 57.7% believed they experienced no adverse emotions during home e-learning. ① During the COVID-19 pandemic, the score of optimistic personality of medical students was (7.25 ± 1.933), and the score of pessimistic personality was (5.82 ± 2.240). The score of positive coping was (21.75 ± 5.379), and the score of negative coping was (11.75 ± 3.611). ② The occurrence of medical students' adverse emotions during e-learning was influenced by "Whether there is a private, quiet space to study", "Degree of knowledge mastery", "Physical discomfort or not", "Keep a regular schedule or not", "Optimistic personality tendency". Conclusion This study demonstrates the during home e-learning, most medical students have their own learning equipment and can meet their learning needs. Their favorite mobile device to use is a mobile phone, and their favorite method of teaching is to provide course playback. More than half of medical students believe that they have some inconvenience in conducting research during home e-learning. With regard to teacher's real-time screen, the largest number of medical students support teachers turning on live screens so that they feel like they are interacting with the teacher. The preference for blended teaching is highest among medical students. In general, medical students were highly adaptive of the newest e-learning approach. Based on the statistic analysis, the factors that "Whether there is a private, quiet space to study", "Degree of knowledge mastery", "Physical discomfort or not", "Keep a regular schedule or not", and "Optimistic personality tendency" may be the influencing factors for the occurrence of adverse emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfan Wei
- The Seventh Clinical Medicine College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Yang Zhang
- The Seventh Clinical Medicine College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Mei
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Ba
- The Seventh Clinical Medicine College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huan Peng
- Nursing College of Fujian, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Nursing College of Fujian, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meng Li
- Nursing Department of The Third People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- The Seventh Clinical Medicine College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanjiao Liu
- The Seventh Clinical Medicine College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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23
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Feng Y, Zhang Y, Ding X, Fan Y, Ge J. Multi-scale risk assessment and mitigations comparison for COVID-19 in urban public transport: A combined field measurement and modeling approach. BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2023; 242:110489. [PMID: 37333517 PMCID: PMC10236904 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has caused an unparalleled disruption to daily life. Given that COVID-19 primarily spreads in densely populated indoor areas, urban public transport (UPT) systems pose significant risks. This study presents an analysis of the air change rate in buses, subways, and high speed trains based on measured CO2 concentrations and passenger behaviors. The resulting values were used as inputs for an infection risk assessment model, which was used to quantitatively evaluate the effects of various factors, including ventilation rates, respiratory activities, and viral variants, on the infection risk. The findings demonstrate that ventilation has a negligible impact on reducing average risks (less than 10.0%) for short-range scales, but can result in a reduction of average risks by 32.1%-57.4% for room scales. When all passengers wear masks, the average risk reduction ranges from 4.5-folds to 7.5-folds. Based on our analysis, the average total reproduction numbers (R) of subways are 1.4-folds higher than buses, and 2-folds higher than high speed trains. Additionally, it is important to note that the Omicron variant may result in a much higher R value, estimated to be approximately 4.9-folds higher than the Delta variant. To reduce disease transmission, it is important to keep the R value below 1. Thus, two indices have been proposed: time-scale based exposure thresholds and spatial-scale based upper limit warnings. Mask wearing provides the greatest protection against infection in the face of long exposure duration to the omicron epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshuai Feng
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- International Research Center for Green Building and Low-Carbon City, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- International Research Center for Green Building and Low-Carbon City, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Xiaotian Ding
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- International Research Center for Green Building and Low-Carbon City, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Yifan Fan
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- International Research Center for Green Building and Low-Carbon City, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Jian Ge
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- International Research Center for Green Building and Low-Carbon City, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
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24
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Passi R, Brittan M, Baker AH. The role of the endothelium in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and pathogenesis. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 34:100670. [PMID: 37159613 PMCID: PMC10066588 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2023.100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is a characteristic complication of coronavirus-19 (COVID-19). This review discusses the role of the endothelium during the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with a focus on different vascular beds, possible routes of infectivity and the impact of EC dysfunction across multiple organ systems. It is now known that COVID-19 disease elicits a distinct transcriptomic and molecular profile that is different to other viral infections, such as Influenza A (H1N1). Interestingly, there is also a suggested interplay between the heart and lungs that promotes the amplification of inflammatory cascades, leading to an exacerbation in disease severity. Multiomic studies have informed common pathways that may be responsible for endothelial activation while also highlighting key differences in COVID-19 pathogenesis between organ systems. At a pathological level, endothelialitis is an endpoint result regardless of either a direct viral infection or via indirect effects independent of infection. Understanding if ECs are directly targeted by SARS-CoV-2 or are collaterally damaged amid a cytokine storm originating from other cells and organs can provide novel insights into disease progression and may highlight possible new therapeutic opportunities targeted at the damaged endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainha Passi
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Mairi Brittan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands
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25
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Ravlo E, Sousa MMLD, Andersen LL, Holberg-Petersen M, Klundby I, Aas PA, Hagen L, Erlandsen SE, Malmring JF, Ali Z, Sharma A, Ottesen V, Bandyopadhyay S, Bjørås M. A fast, low-cost, robust and high-throughput method for viral nucleic acid isolation based on NAxtra magnetic nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11714. [PMID: 37474666 PMCID: PMC10359305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38743-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The year of 2020 was profoundly marked by a global pandemic caused by a strain of coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To control disease spread, a key strategy adopted by many countries was the regular testing of individuals for infection. This led to the rapid development of diagnostic testing technologies. In Norway, within a week, our group developed a test kit to quickly isolate viral RNA and safely detect SARS-CoV-2 infection with sensitivity comparable to available kits. Herein, the procedure employed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in swab samples from patients using the NTNU-COVID-19 test kit is described in detail. This procedure, based on NAxtra magnetic nanoparticles and an optimized nucleic acid extraction procedure, is robust, reliable, and straightforward, providing high-quality nucleic acids within 14 min. The NAxtra protocol is adaptable and was further validated for extraction of DNA and RNA from other types of viruses. A comparison of the protocol on different liquid handling systems is also presented. Due to the simplicity and low cost of this method, implementation of this technology to diagnose virus infections on a clinical setting would benefit health care systems, promoting sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlend Ravlo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mirta Mittelstedt Leal de Sousa
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lise Lima Andersen
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mona Holberg-Petersen
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Klundby
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Arne Aas
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Hagen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | - Zeeshan Ali
- Particle Engineering Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anuvansh Sharma
- Particle Engineering Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vegar Ottesen
- Particle Engineering Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sulalit Bandyopadhyay
- Particle Engineering Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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26
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Xu C, Yu Y, Ren G, Sun Y, Si X. Stability analysis and optimal control of a fractional-order generalized SEIR model for the COVID-19 pandemic. APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION 2023; 457:128210. [PMID: 38620200 PMCID: PMC10293902 DOI: 10.1016/j.amc.2023.128210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
In view of the spread of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), this paper proposes a fractional-order generalized SEIR model. The non-negativity of the solution of the model is discussed. Based on the established threshold R 0 , the existence of the disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium is analyzed. Then, sufficient conditions are established to ensure the local asymptotic stability of the equilibria. The parameters of the model are identified based on the statistical data of COVID-19 cases. Furthermore, the validity of the model for describing the COVID-19 outbreak is verified. Meanwhile, the accuracy of the relevant theoretical results are also verified. Considering the relevant strategies of COVID-19 prevention and control, the fractional optimal control problem (FOCP) is proposed. Numerical schemes for Riemann-Liouville (R-L) fractional-order adjoint system with transversal conditions is presented. Based on the relevant statistical data, the corresponding FOCP is numerically solved, and the control effect of the COVID-19 outbreak under the optimal control strategy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Xu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongguang Yu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Guojian Ren
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yuqin Sun
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Engineering, Ordos Institute of Technology, Ordos 017000, China
| | - Xinhui Si
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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27
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Tran HD, Hung TT, Thuy Phuong TH, Tam LT, Tran HG, Le PH. Clinical Features and Treatment Outcomes of COVID-19 Admissions in the Can Tho City Hospital of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, Vietnam: A Hospital-Based Observational Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11111632. [PMID: 37297772 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11111632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is among the top global health crises. As confirmed by the Vietnam Ministry of Health on 25th January 2023, Vietnam had a cumulative total of more than 11.52 million COVID-19 patients, including 10.61 million recoveries and 43,186 deaths. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to describe the clinical and subclinical characteristics, treatment progress, and outcomes of 310 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS A total of 310 patients with medical records of SARS-CoV-2 were admitted to Can Tho City Hospital of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Can Tho city, Vietnam, between July 2021 and December 2021. Demographic and clinical data, including laboratory examinations, of all the patients were collected and analyzed. RESULTS The median duration of hospital stay was 16.4 ± 5.3 days. There were 243 (78.4%) patients with clinical symptoms of COVID-19 and 67 (21.6%) patients without clinical symptoms. The common symptoms included cough (71.6% of 310 patients), fever (35.4%), shortness of breath (22.6%), sore throat (21.4%), loss of smell/taste (15.6%), and diarrhea (14.4%). Regarding treatment outcomes, 92.3% of the patients were discharged from the hospital, 1.9% of the patients suffered a more severe illness and were transferred to a higher-level hospital, and 5.8% of the patients died. The RT-PCR results were negative in 55.2% of the patients, and 37.1% of the patients had positive RT-PCR results with Ct values of >30 on the discharge/transfer day. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that comorbidity and decreased blood pH were statistically significantly related to the treatment outcomes of the patients with COVID-19 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study provides useful information (i.e., the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes) on the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam during its biggest outbreak; the information may be used for reference and for making improvements in the handling of future health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Do Tran
- Faculty of Nursing and Medical Technology, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 179 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Can Tho City 94000, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thanh Hung
- Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 179 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Can Tho City 94000, Vietnam
| | - Tran Hoang Thuy Phuong
- Can Tho City Hospital of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, Binh Hoa A Quarter, Phuoc Thoi Ward, O Mon District, Can Tho City 94000, Vietnam
| | - Le Thanh Tam
- Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, 179 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Can Tho City 94000, Vietnam
| | - Hung Gia Tran
- Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 179 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Can Tho City 94000, Vietnam
| | - Phuoc Huu Le
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 179 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Can Tho City 94000, Vietnam
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28
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Kowalski KJ, Bhat S, Fedje M, Stahl G, Beyersdorfer N, Goade DS, Johnson K, Arnce R, Hillard R. COVID-19 and Kidney Disease (KD): A Retrospective Investigation in a Rural Southwestern Missouri Region Patient Population. Cureus 2023; 15:e41043. [PMID: 37519535 PMCID: PMC10374171 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have linked pre-existing kidney disease (KD) to higher rates of mortality due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. In the rural Midwest, where KD is prevalent, the impact of COVID-19 has been significant in a population that includes many patients on Medicare or Medicaid. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed assessing patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end stage renal disease (ESRD), with and without COVID-19. International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes were submitted by physicians into Freeman Health System's Electronic Medical Records and gathered from April 2020 to January 2021. The data were analyzed and compared to determine whether the mortality rate in patients with varying stages of KD and COVID-19 was higher than the mortality rate in patients with KD alone, excluding variables such as sex and age. RESULTS The 95% confidence interval (CI) of the mortality rate of patients with COVID-19 and any degree of KD, encompassing both AKI and CKD, was between 30.21% and 37.63%. This metric was significantly higher than the 95% CI of COVID-19 infection (6.70%-9.96%, p<0.0001) or KD alone (10.89%-13.01%, p<0.0001). Within those with COVID-19 and KD, the highest rate of mortality was in patients with AKI (38.13% and 49.02%). There was not sufficient statistical support in our sample to assert that COVID-19 increased mortality in ESRD patients. CONCLUSIONS Based on our results, patients with KD and COVID-19 are at higher risk for mortality when compared to patients with KD alone. Further studies are warranted into individual comorbidities affecting KD patient outcomes with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shilpa Bhat
- College of Medicine, Kansas City University, Joplin, USA
| | - Mariah Fedje
- College of Medicine, Kansas City University, Joplin, USA
| | - Greg Stahl
- Quality Improvement, Freeman Health System, Joplin, USA
| | | | - Darrin S Goade
- Pharmacy, Freeman Health System, Joplin, USA
- Mathematics, Missouri Southern State University, Joplin, USA
| | - Kerry Johnson
- Mathematics, Missouri Southern State University, Joplin, USA
| | - Robert Arnce
- Primary Care, Kansas City University, Joplin, USA
- Emergency Medicine, Freeman Health System, Joplin, USA
| | - Robert Hillard
- Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Kansas City University, Joplin, USA
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29
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Detection of live SARS-CoV-2 virus and its variants by specially designed SERS-active substrates and spectroscopic analyses. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1256:341151. [PMID: 37037632 PMCID: PMC10060322 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
A method using label-free surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based on substrate design is provided for an early detection and differentiation of spike glycoprotein mutation sites in live SARS-CoV-2 variants. Two SERS-active substrates, Au nanocavities (Au NCs) and Au NPs on porous ZrO2 (Au NPs/pZrO2), were used to identify specific peaks of A.3, Alpha, and Delta variants at different concentrations and demonstrated the ability to provide their SERS spectra with detection limits of 0.1–1.0% (or 104−5 copies/mL). Variant identification can be achieved by cross-examining reference spectra and analyzing the substrate-analyte relationship between the suitability of the analyte upon the hotspot(s) formed at high concentrations and the effective detection distance at low concentrations. Mutation sites on the S1 chain of the spike glycoprotein for each variant may be related and distinguishable. This method does not require sample preprocessing and therefore allows for fast screening, which is of high value for more comprehensive and specific studies to distinguish upcoming variants.
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30
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Luthra S, Agrawal S, Kumar A, Sharma M, Joshi S, Kumar J. Psychological well-being of young adults during COVID-19 pandemic: Lesson learned and future research agenda. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15841. [PMID: 37159682 PMCID: PMC10156410 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological and mental well-being has become a topic of concern worldwide after the hit of the COVID-19 pandemic. It has triggered enormous global health care vulnerabilities and resulted in full and partial lockdowns to prevent the new case. This research study provides a comprehensive overview of the published international scientific studies on the effect of COVID-19 on the psychological well-being of young adults. This study aims to review the top-cited authors, documents, journals, productive countries, the most used keywords, and trending themes in this area. Articles related to psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic from January 2020 to December 2022 were extracted from the Scopus database with specified keywords. In total, 482 documents were retrieved as original articles and bibliometric analysis, thematic analysis and content analysis are performed and analyzed. The results show that the United States has contributed the largest publications followed by the United Kingdom and Italy. Through the cluster analysis, it is found that many articles have been published and considered the psychological and mental impact of COVID-19. Young adults from both developed and developing countries are majorly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic prioritizes the importance of global psychological well-being and health care. This study focused on different aspects, such as stress, resilience, and the mental health of young adults. The research findings of this study put forth the urgent need to provide preventive policies and intervention procedures to address the psychological health of young adults and proposed a conceptual framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Luthra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ch. Ranbir Singh State Institute of Engineering & Technology, Jhajjar, Haryana, India
| | - Shruti Agrawal
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Guildhall School of Business and Law, London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manu Sharma
- Department of Management Studies Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Sudhanshu Joshi
- Operations and Supply Chain Management Area, School of Management, Doon University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jatin Kumar
- Research Associate, Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) Project Ch. Ranbir Singh State Institute of Engineering & Technology, Jhajjar, 124103, India
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31
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Oliveira AM, Patrício Silva AL, Soares AMVM, Barceló D, Duarte AC, Rocha-Santos T. Current knowledge on the presence, biodegradation, and toxicity of discarded face masks in the environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 11:109308. [PMID: 36643396 PMCID: PMC9832688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2023.109308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, facemasks became mandatory, with a great preference for disposable ones. However, the benefits of face masks for health safety are counteracted by the environmental burden related to their improper disposal. An unprecedented influx of disposable face masks entering the environment has been reported in the last two years of the pandemic, along with their implications in natural environments in terms of their biodegradability, released contaminants and ecotoxicological effects. This critical review addresses several aspects of the current literature regarding the (bio)degradation and (eco)toxicity of face masks related contaminants, identifying uncertainties and research needs that should be addressed in future studies. While it is indisputable that face mask contamination contributes to the already alarming plastic pollution, we are still far from determining its real environmental and ecotoxicological contribution to the issue. The paucity of studies on biodegradation and ecotoxicity of face masks and related contaminants, and the uncertainties and uncontrolled variables involved during experimental procedures, are compromising eventual comparison with conventional plastic debris. Studies on the abundance and composition of face mask-released contaminants (microplastics/fibres/ chemical compounds) under pre- and post-pandemic conditions should, therefore, be encouraged, along with (bio)degradation and ecotoxicity tests considering environmentally relevant settings. To achieve this, methodological strategies should be developed to overcome technical difficulties to quantify and characterise the smallest MPs and fibres, adsorbents, and leachates to increase the environmental relevancy of the experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Oliveira
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana L Patrício Silva
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water research (ICRA-CERCA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101,17003 Girona, Spain
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Armando C Duarte
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Teresa Rocha-Santos
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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S. Chaudhari D, Ghattargi V, Shah V, Gupta S, Bele K, Pawar S. Is self-testing the next paradigm for diagnostics? Bioinformation 2023; 19:278-283. [PMID: 37808384 PMCID: PMC10557444 DOI: 10.6026/97320630019278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The study estimates the usability and attitude assessment of users for India's first approved rapid antigen self-test kit; the CoviSelf™. India approved its first AI-powered self-test for Covid-19 in April 2021 a few weeks after the first approval in the US. We present here a study on usability and attitude assessment of users of India's first approved rapid antigen self-test kit; the CoviSelf™. The study evaluates participants' understanding of and performance of test procedure and interprets the results. Analysis revealed that more than 90% study participants followed steps correctly as illustrated in the user's manual. Age group and gender-based analysis showed comparable scores for usability of the test kit suggesting users of different age groups has same ease in using the test kit. What we learnt from this study could be start of self-test revolution, where rapid tests could expand the access of diagnostics for hundreds of diseases including HIV, HPV, and dengue to millions of people who could not get access to diagnostics because we lacked manpower or facility to conduct tests. Self-testing could break the barriers for diagnostics that Internet did for information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Viqar Shah
- Mylab Discovery Solutions Private Limited, Pune, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Mylab Discovery Solutions Private Limited, Pune, India
| | - Kedar Bele
- Netsurf Communications Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
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Mahdi A, Bharwad A, Mahdi M, Rowe K. Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction in a Patient With COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e36251. [PMID: 37065360 PMCID: PMC10103820 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is primarily a respiratory illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. However, the disease is also known to cause a range of extrapulmonary manifestations, including gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The exact mechanisms by which the virus causes extrapulmonary manifestations are not fully understood, but it is theorized that the virus can enter cells in other organs including the GI tract, through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. This can result in inflammation and damage to the affected organs. In rare cases, COVID-19 can also cause acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ACPO), a condition characterized by symptoms of bowel obstruction but without a physical obstruction present. Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication of COVID-19 that requires prompt recognition and treatment to prevent further complications such as bowel ischemia and perforation. We hereby present a case report of a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia developing ACPO and discuss the suggested pathophysiology, diagnostic approach, and treatment options.
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Kubra KT, Ali R. Modeling and analysis of novel COVID-19 outbreak under fractal-fractional derivative in Caputo sense with power-law: a case study of Pakistan. MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENT 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37361699 PMCID: PMC10019432 DOI: 10.1007/s40808-023-01747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a five-compartment model is used to explore the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic, taking the vaccination campaign into account. The present model consists of five components that lead to a system of five ordinary differential equations. In this paper, we examined the disease from the perspective of a fractal fractional derivative in the Caputo sense with a power law type kernal. The model is also fitted with real data for Pakistan between June 1, 2020, and March 8, 2021. The fundamental mathematical characteristics of the model have been investigated thoroughly. We have calculated the equilibrium points and the reproduction number for the model and obtained the feasible region for the system. The existence and stability criteria of the model have been validated using the Banach fixed point theory and the Picard successive approximation technique. Furthermore, we have conducted stability analysis for both the disease-free and endemic equilibrium states. On the basis of sensitivity analysis and the dynamics of the threshold parameter, we have estimated the effectiveness of vaccination and identified potential control strategies for the disease using the proposed model outbreaks. The stability of the concerned solution in Ulam-Hyers and Ulam-Hyers-Rassias sense is also investigated. For the proposed problem, some results regarding basic reproduction numbers and stability analysis for various parameters are represented graphically. Matlab software is used for numerical illustrations. Graphical representations are given for different fractional orders and for various parametric values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Tul Kubra
- Department of Mathematics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Rooh Ali
- Department of Mathematics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
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Yousefi M, Fazaeli S, Mohammad-pour S. Years of life lost (YLL) associated with COVID-19 deaths in Khorasan-RAZAVI province, Iran. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:259-266. [PMID: 34927698 PMCID: PMC8754705 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of deaths among people with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) does not show the true impact of the disease on communities. Therefore, this study aimed to calculate years of life lost (YLL) due to premature death in patients with COVID-19. METHODS We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study based on data from one of the largest provinces of Iran, in the period 13 February 2020 to 17 May 2021. We used WHO proposed guidelines for the calculation of the burden of diseases to calculate the YLL among patients with COVID-19, taking into consideration gender in different age groups. RESULTS Findings showed that 13 628 deaths were due to COVID-19 with associated 249 309 YLL. The study reported higher mortality among men (1222 cases) in the age group over 85 years than in women (840) of the same age group. The minimum number of YLL for men was 1749 in the 5-9 years age group and that for women was 1551 years in the 14-10 years age group. CONCLUSION The high number of deaths due to COVID-19 has led to high YLL due to premature death. The provision of adequate health care and appropriate policies will bring about a decrease in YLL due to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Yousefi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9137673119, Iran
| | - Somayeh Fazaeli
- School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177648964, Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammad-pour
- School of Management and Medical Information, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1996713883, Iran
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Cui C, Wang X, Li L, Wei H, Peng J. Multifaceted involvements of Paneth cells in various diseases within intestine and systemically. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1115552. [PMID: 36993974 PMCID: PMC10040535 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1115552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Serving as the guardians of small intestine, Paneth cells (PCs) play an important role in intestinal homeostasis maintenance. Although PCs uniquely exist in intestine under homeostasis, the dysfunction of PCs is involved in various diseases not only in intestine but also in extraintestinal organs, suggesting the systemic importance of PCs. The mechanisms under the participation of PCs in these diseases are multiple as well. The involvements of PCs are mostly characterized by limiting intestinal bacterial translocation in necrotizing enterocolitis, liver disease, acute pancreatitis and graft-vs-host disease. Risk genes in PCs render intestine susceptible to Crohn’s disease. In intestinal infection, different pathogens induce varied responses in PCs, and toll-like receptor ligands on bacterial surface trigger the degranulation of PCs. The increased level of bile acid dramatically impairs PCs in obesity. PCs can inhibit virus entry and promote intestinal regeneration to alleviate COVID-19. On the contrary, abundant IL-17A in PCs aggravates multi-organ injury in ischemia/reperfusion. The pro-angiogenic effect of PCs aggravates the severity of portal hypertension. Therapeutic strategies targeting PCs mainly include PC protection, PC-derived inflammatory cytokine elimination, and substituting AMP treatment. In this review, we discuss the influence and importance of Paneth cells in both intestinal and extraintestinal diseases as reported so far, as well as the potential therapeutic strategies targeting PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbin Cui
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lindeng Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongkui Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Peng,
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Kim JW, Heo K, Kim HJ, Yoo Y, Cho HS, Jang HJ, Lee HY, Ko IY, Woo JR, Cho YB, Lee JH, Yang HR, Shin HG, Choi HL, Hwang K, Kim S, Kim H, Chun K, Lee S. Novel bispecific human antibody platform specifically targeting a fully open spike conformation potently neutralizes multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants. Antiviral Res 2023; 212:105576. [PMID: 36870394 PMCID: PMC9979629 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapid emergence of new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has prompted an urgent need for the development of broadly applicable and potently neutralizing antibody platform against the SARS-CoV-2, which can be used for combatting the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, based on a noncompeting pair of phage display-derived human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from human synthetic antibody library, we generated K202.B, a novel engineered bispecific antibody with an immunoglobulin G4-single-chain variable fragment design, with sub- or low nanomolar antigen-binding avidity. Compared with the parental mAbs or mAb cocktail, the K202.B antibody showed superior neutralizing potential against a variety of SARS-CoV-2 variants in vitro. Furthermore, structural analysis of bispecific antibody-antigen complexes using cryo-electron microscopy revealed the mode of action of K202.B complexed with a fully open three-RBD-up conformation of SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike proteins by simultaneously interconnecting two independent epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 RBD via inter-protomer interactions. Intravenous monotherapy using K202.B exhibited potent neutralizing activity in SARS-CoV-2 wild-type- and B.1.617.2 variant-infected mouse models, without significant toxicity in vivo. The results indicate that this novel approach of development of immunoglobulin G4-based bispecific antibody from an established human recombinant antibody library is likely to be an effective strategy for the rapid development of bispecific antibodies, and timely management against fast-evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Woong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun Heo
- Department of Biochemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea; Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea; Antibody Research Institute, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngki Yoo
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Jeong Jang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - In Young Ko
- New Drug Development Center, KBIOHealth, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Rang Woo
- New Drug Development Center, KBIOHealth, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Bin Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Rim Yang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Gyeong Shin
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Lim Choi
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyusang Hwang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Sokho Kim
- Research Center, KNOTUS Co. Ltd., Incheon, 22014, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanseong Kim
- Baobab AiBIO, POSCO Green Building, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangrok Chun
- R&D Center, Binex, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukmook Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea; Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea; Antibody Research Institute, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea.
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Fernandez F, Vazquez-Muñoz M, Canals A, Arce-Álvarez A, Salazar-Ardiles C, Alvarez C, Ramirez-Campillo R, Millet GP, Izquierdo M, Andrade DC. Intrahospital supervised exercise training improves survival rate among hypertensive patients with COVID-19. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:678-684. [PMID: 36727631 PMCID: PMC10010906 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00544.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the people most affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are those suffering from hypertension (HTN). However, pharmacological therapies for HTN are ineffective against COVID-19 progression and severity. It has been proposed that exercise training (EX) could be used as post-COVID treatment, which does not rule out the possible effects during hospitalization for COVID-19. Therefore, we aimed to determine the impact of supervised EX on HTN patients with COVID-19 during hospitalization. Among a total of 1,508 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (confirmed by PCR), 439 subjects were classified as having HTN and were divided into two groups: EX (n = 201) and control (n = 238) groups. EX (3-4 times/wk during all hospitalizations) consisted of aerobic exercises (15-45 min; i.e., walking); breathing exercises (10-15 min) (i.e., diaphragmatic breathing, pursed-lip breathing, active abdominal contraction); and musculoskeletal exercises (8-10 sets of 12-15 repetitions/wk; lifting dumbbells, standing up and sitting, lumbar stabilization). Our data revealed that the EX (clinician: patient, 1:1 ratio) intervention was able to improve survival rates among controlled HTN patients with COVID-19 during their hospitalization when compared with the control group (chi-squared: 4.83; hazard ratio: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.117 to 2.899; P = 0.027). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that EX was a prognostic marker (odds ratio: 0.449; 95% CI: 0.230-0.874; P = 0.018) along with sex and invasive and noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Our data showed that an intrahospital supervised EX program reduced the mortality rate among patients with HTN suffering from COVID-19 during their hospitalization.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the present study, we found that exercise training improves the survival rate in hypertensive patients with COVID-19 during their hospitalization period. Our results provide strong evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of exercise training as a feasible approach to improving the outcomes of patients with COVID-19 who suffer from hypertension during their hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Fernandez
- Exercise Applied Physiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura, Departamento Biomedico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile.,Programa de Magister en Fisiología Clínica del Ejercicio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Vazquez-Muñoz
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Unidad de Estadística, Departamento de Calidad, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Canals
- Dirección académica, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis Arce-Álvarez
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Salazar-Ardiles
- Exercise Applied Physiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura, Departamento Biomedico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile.,Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristian Alvarez
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gregoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David C Andrade
- Exercise Applied Physiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura, Departamento Biomedico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
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A Novel Strategy for Rapid Fluorescence Detection of FluB and SARS-CoV-2. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052104. [PMID: 36903349 PMCID: PMC10004075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Undoubtedly, SARS-CoV-2 has caused an outbreak of pneumonia that evolved into a worldwide pandemic. The confusion of early symptoms of the SARS-CoV-2 infection with other respiratory virus infections made it very difficult to block its spread, leading to the expansion of the outbreak and an unreasonable demand for medical resource allocation. The traditional immunochromatographic test strip (ICTS) can detect one analyte with one sample. Herein, this study presents a novel strategy for the simultaneous rapid detection of FluB/SARS-CoV-2, including quantum dot fluorescent microspheres (QDFM) ICTS and a supporting device. The ICTS could be applied to realize simultaneous detection of FluB and SARS-CoV-2 with one test in a short time. A device supporting FluB/SARS-CoV-2 QDFM ICTS was designed and had the characteristics of being safe, portable, low-cost, relatively stable, and easy to use, ensuring the device could replace the immunofluorescence analyzer in cases where there is no need for quantification. This device does not need to be operated by professional and technical personnel and has commercial application potential.
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40
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Musson LS, Collins A, Opie-Martin S, Bredin A, Hobson EV, Barkhouse E, Coulson MC, Stavroulakis T, Gould RL, Al-Chalabi A, McDermott CJ. Impact of the covid-19 pandemic on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis care in the UK. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2023; 24:91-99. [PMID: 35189760 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2022.2040533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted healthcare. Our aim was to identify how amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) care in the UK has been affected by the pandemic by exploring the experiences of people living with ALS (plwALS), healthcare professionals (HCPs) working with plwALS, and ALS care centers. Three surveys were carried out to explore the experiences of plwALS, HCPs and ALS care centers during the pandemic. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and triangulated with the qualitative data which were analyzed thematically. Responses from 53 plwALS, 73 HCPs and 23 ALS care centers were analyzed. Five main themes were identified: keeping safe, losses, negative emotions, delivering care and alternative care delivery in a pandemic. PlwALS and HCPs felt that care was sub-optimal as a result of the pandemic. Changes to care included longer waiting times and face-to-face appointments being canceled or replaced by virtual consultations. While benefits of virtual consultations were reported, concerns were raised about incomplete clinical assessments and the disruption of provision of testing and interventions. ALS care has changed as a result of the pandemic. Patients have had a lack of face-to-face contact with HCPs and have experienced delays to investigations and treatments. PlwALS and HCPs were concerned about the impact of this change, but the long-term implications remain unclear. We propose recommendations for HCPs caring for plwALS, that will promote continuity of evidenced based care in the context of a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy S Musson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Alexis Collins
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Opie-Martin
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Bredin
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Esther V Hobson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Barkhouse
- Department of Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mark C Coulson
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom, and
| | - Theocharis Stavroulakis
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Gould
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J McDermott
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Clinical and Histopathological Study in Pregnancy. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020174. [PMID: 36829453 PMCID: PMC9953179 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy, SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with several adverse outcomes, including an increased risk of pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery, hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, and fetal growth restriction related to the development of placenta vascular abnormalities. We analyzed human placenta from full-term, uncomplicated pregnancies with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first, second, or third trimesters of gestation. We studied, by the immunohistochemistry technique, the expression of CD34 and podoplanin (PDPN) as markers of vasculogenesis to find any differences. As secondary outcomes, we correlated maternal symptoms with placental histological alterations, including fibrin deposits, lymphocyte infiltration in the villi, edema, and thrombi. Our results showed a PDPN expression around the villous stroma as a plexiform network around the villous nucleus of fetal vessels; significant down-regulation was observed in the villous stroma of women infected during the third trimester. CD34 showed no changes in expression levels. During SARS-CoV-2 infection, the most common maternal symptoms were fever, anosmia, ageusia and asthenia, and the majority were treated with paracetamol, corticosteroids and azithromycin. Patients that required multiple symptomatic treatments evidenced a large amount of fibrin deposition in the villi. Certainly, PDPN plays a key role in healthy placental vasculogenesis and thus in its proper physiology, and SARS-CoV-2 surely alters its normal expression. Further studies are necessary to understand what mechanisms are being altered to try to avoid possible complications for both the mother and fetus in terms of the contagions that will still occur.
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Tang YM, Wu TL, Liu HT. Causal Model Analysis of the Effect of Formalism, Fear of Infection, COVID-19 Stress on Firefighters' Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome and Insomnia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1097. [PMID: 36673852 PMCID: PMC9859103 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As the front line of epidemic prevention, firefighters are responsible for the transportation of infected cases. Firefighters are under a lot of stress from the new COVID-19, especially the fear that they may contract the virus at work and spread the virus to their families. In particular, the framework of this study incorporates Riggs' formalism variables. When firefighters think that the epidemic prevention regulations are inconsistent with the actual epidemic prevention, it will increase their work pressure on COVID-19. In this study, firefighters from all over Taiwan were used as the respondents, and a total of 453 respondents were obtained. This study uses confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling to test the established hypotheses. The findings confirm that formalism, fear of self and family infection are positively influencing COVID-19 stress. COVID-19 stress positively affects PTSD and insomnia. COVID-19 stress negatively affects problem-focused strategies. Problem-focused strategies negatively affect post-traumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ming Tang
- Asia Pacific Society of Fire Engineering, Kaohsiung City 825, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Wu
- Department of Leisure Management, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Te Liu
- Department of Public Affairs and Administration, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
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Szczesniak I, Baliga-Gil A, Jarmolowicz A, Soszynska-Jozwiak M, Kierzek E. Structural and Functional RNA Motifs of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus as a Target of Viral Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021232. [PMID: 36674746 PMCID: PMC9860923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas the influenza A virus (IAV) causes seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics. Both viruses lead to widespread infection and death. SARS-CoV-2 and the influenza virus are RNA viruses. The SARS-CoV-2 genome is an approximately 30 kb, positive sense, 5' capped single-stranded RNA molecule. The influenza A virus genome possesses eight single-stranded negative-sense segments. The RNA secondary structure in the untranslated and coding regions is crucial in the viral replication cycle. The secondary structure within the RNA of SARS-CoV-2 and the influenza virus has been intensively studied. Because the whole of the SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus replication cycles are dependent on RNA with no DNA intermediate, the RNA is a natural and promising target for the development of inhibitors. There are a lot of RNA-targeting strategies for regulating pathogenic RNA, such as small interfering RNA for RNA interference, antisense oligonucleotides, catalytic nucleic acids, and small molecules. In this review, we summarized the knowledge about the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus propagation by targeting their RNA secondary structure.
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Panahi Y, Ghanei M, Rahimi M, Samim A, Vahedian‐Azimi A, Atkin SL, Sahebkar A. Evaluation the efficacy and safety of N-acetylcysteine inhalation spray in controlling the symptoms of patients with COVID-19: An open-label randomized controlled clinical trial. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28393. [PMID: 36495185 PMCID: PMC9878233 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect and safety of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhalation spray in the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This randomized controlled clinical trial study was conducted on patients with COVID-19. Eligible patients (n = 250) were randomly allocated into the intervention group (routine treatment + NAC inhaler spray one puff per 12 h, for 7 days) or the control group who received routine treatment alone. Clinical features, hemodynamic, hematological, biochemical parameters and patient outcomes were assessed and compared before and after treatment. The mortality rate was significantly higher in the control group than in the intervention group (39.2% vs. 3.2%, p < 0.001). Significant differences were found between the two groups (intervention and control, respectively) for white blood cell count (6.2 vs. 7.8, p < 0.001), hemoglobin (12.3 vs. 13.3, p = 0.002), C-reactive protein (CRP: 6 vs. 11.5, p < 0.0001) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST: 32 vs. 25.5, p < 0.0001). No differences were seen for hospital length of stay (11.98 ± 3.61 vs. 11.81 ± 3.52, p = 0.814) or the requirement for intensive care unit (ICU) admission (7.2% vs. 11.2%, p = 0.274). NAC was beneficial in reducing the mortality rate in patients with COVID-19 and inflammatory parameters, and a reduction in the development of severe respiratory failure; however, it did not affect the length of hospital stay or the need for ICU admission. Data on the effectiveness of NAC for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 is limited and further research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunes Panahi
- Pharmacotherapy Department, School of PharmacyBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Center, Systems Biology and Poisoning InstituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Morteza Rahimi
- Chemical Injuries Center, Systems Biology and Poisoning InstituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Abbas Samim
- Chemical Injuries Center, Systems Biology and Poisoning InstituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Amir Vahedian‐Azimi
- Trauma Research Center, Nursing FacultyBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Stephen L. Atkin
- School of Postgraduate Studies and ResearchRCSI Medical University of BahrainBusaiteenKingdom of Bahrain
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran,Department of Biotechnology, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Hertling SF, Back DA, Kaiser M, Loos FM, Schleußner E, Graul I. Students' and lecturers' perspectives on the implementation of online learning in medical education due to COVID-19 in Germany: a cross-sectional pilot study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1145651. [PMID: 37168267 PMCID: PMC10165086 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1145651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis, many things changed in universities around the world. In-person learning was not possible. Instead, courses were offered in digital form. The sudden change posed enormous challenges to universities, students, and teachers. The aim of this study was to investigate the disadvantages as well as the advantages and opportunities of digital learning. Objective This study investigated the evaluation of an elective module by medical students and teachers in the traditional in-person and virtual teaching forms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Using the elective module "Sports Medicine," which includes both lectures and practical units, the opinions of the medical students about conventional teaching compared to digital instruction were evaluated. In the winter semester of 2019/2020, all classes were taught face-to-face but had to be switched to virtual teaching in the summer semester of 2020 on an ad hoc basis due to the pandemic. The students were asked to answer questions on general conditions, participant behavior, instructor evaluation, skill acquisition, topic selection, and overall evaluation after both forms of teaching. Likewise, the lecturers of both courses were queried in semiqualitative interviews about the same topics. Descriptive data analysis was performed to process the data. Results The students perceived digital teaching to be superior in most subareas compared to in-person teaching in terms of framework, instructor evaluation, skill acquisition, topic selection, and overall rating. Medical students seemed to feel better with digital teaching in most areas of evaluation. The lecturers found the new form of teaching rather unsettling and criticized the lack of verbal and especially nonverbal communication as well as the short preparation time for the new challenge. The instructors were uncomfortable with some aspects of the virtual teaching format. Conclusion In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, medical schools should rapidly digitize their teaching offerings and support faculty members in their computer-based competence with continuing education opportunities and time resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan F. Hertling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
- Orthopedic Department, University Hospital Jena, Eisenberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Stefan F. Hertling
| | - David A. Back
- Clinic for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Dieter Scheffner Center for Medical Education and Educational Research, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Kaiser
- Modul Integration Optics, Jenoptik Light and Optics Devision, Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska M. Loos
- Practice for Orthopedics and Shoulder Surgery Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Schleußner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Isabel Graul
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Efficacy and safety of oral melatonin in patients with severe COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:265-274. [PMID: 36401728 PMCID: PMC9676876 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Patients with COVID-19 have shown melatonin deficiency. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of administration oral melatonin in patients with COVID-19-induced pneumonia. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive melatonin plus standard treatment or standard treatment alone. The primary outcomes were mortality rate and requirement of IMV. The clinical status of patients was recorded at baseline and every day over hospitalization based on seven-category ordinal scale from 1 (discharged) to 7 (death). A total of 226 patients (109 in the melatonin group and 117 in the control group) were enrolled (median age; in melatonin group: 54.60 ± 11.51, in control group: 54.69 ± 13.40). The mortality rate was 67% in the melatonin group and 94% in the control group (OR; 7.75, 95% CI, 3.27-18.35, P < 0.001). The rate of IMV requirement was 51.4% in the melatonin group and 70.9% in the control group, for an OR of 2.31 (95% CI, 1.34-4.00, P < 0.001). The median number of days to hospital discharge was 15 days (13-17) in the melatonin group and 21 days (14-24) in the control group (OR; 5.00, 95% CI, 0.15-9.84, P = 0.026). Time to clinical status improvement by ≥ 2 on the ordinal scale in was 12 days (9-13) in the melatonin group and 16 days (10-19) in the control group (OR; 3.92, 95% CI, 1.69-6.14, P = 0.038). Melatonin significantly improved clinical status with a safe profile in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Ren D, Ma B. Influences of governance mechanisms on patients' usage intention: A study on web-based consultation platforms. Health Informatics J 2023; 29:14604582231153509. [PMID: 36657942 DOI: 10.1177/14604582231153509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The study object is the doctor-patient online community, an online health service model with the greatest growth potential during the global COVID-19 pandemic. In the web-based medical market, patients are in a weak position, relying on web-based medical platform operators to ensure medical service quality. Following social exchange theory, this empirical study divides governance mechanisms into three-supervision, reputation, and communication-to determine their influence on online patients willingness to use web-based medical platforms. It also explores the moderating effect of perceived uncertainty on the influence of social exchange and transaction cost theory. A questionnaire survey was conducted to determine online patients' attitudes toward medical service providers including physicians and medical websites. Hierarchical linear regression analysis showed the significant positive effect of the supervision, reputation, and communication mechanisms on online patients' usage willingness. Perceived uncertainty of doctors' behavior has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between the three mechanisms and online patients' usage willingness. Website-perceived uncertainty moderates the relationship between the supervision and reputation mechanisms and online patients' usage willingness. This study provides a reference for improving online patients' usage willingness through the platform governance of Internet medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixuan Ren
- 47833Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Baolong Ma
- 47833Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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Alqatari S, Ismail M, Hasan M, Bukhari R, Al Argan R, Alwaheed A, Alkhafaji D, Ahmed SE, Hadhiah K, Alamri T, Nemer A, Albeladi F, Bumurah NN, Sharofna K, Albaggal Z, Alghamdi R, AlSulaiman RS. Emergence of Post COVID-19 Vaccine Autoimmune Diseases: A Single Center Study. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:1263-1278. [PMID: 36910517 PMCID: PMC9994665 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s394602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) became a major concern since the announcement that it is a pandemic in early 2020. Vaccine trials were started in November 2020, and completed rapidly due to the urgency to get over the infection. Side effects to vaccines started to be reported. There were minor side effects including site of injection pain and heaviness and constitutional symptoms like fever which are considered minor. One of the rare adverse events is post vaccine new onset autoimmune diseases. Methods Data were obtained from one center in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia (King Fahd Hospital of University). All patient events reported occurred in the study period March 2021 to February 2022. We identified patients presenting with autoimmune diseases with exclusively new onset presentations. Results We identified 31 cases of immune-mediated disease: 18 females (58%); 13 males (42%). Only 4 of them (13%) had an autoimmune background before COVID-19 vaccination. The average time between vaccination and new-onset disease symptoms was 7 days. Among all the cases in our study, 7 patients (22.5%) had new-onset vasculitis, 2 cases had IgA vasculitis and 5 cases had ANCA vasculitis, 6 cases had neurological diseases (19.3%), 4 cases (12.9%) had new-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 3 cases (9.6%) presented with new-onset inflammatory arthritis, and one had Sjogren's syndrome (3.2%). Conclusion Our study is unique as it is the first study to include the largest number (31 patients) of new onsets of confirmed autoimmune diseases related to Covid-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safi Alqatari
- Department of Internal Medicine- College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University -King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Ismail
- Department of Internal Medicine- College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University -King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Hasan
- Department of Internal Medicine- College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University -King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed Bukhari
- Department of Internal Medicine- College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University -King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Al Argan
- Department of Internal Medicine- College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University -King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Alwaheed
- Department of Internal Medicine- College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University -King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dania Alkhafaji
- Department of Internal Medicine- College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University -King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Essam Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine- College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University -King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kawther Hadhiah
- Department of Internal Medicine- College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University -King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Alamri
- Department of Internal Medicine- College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University -King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameera Nemer
- Department of Internal Medicine- College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University -King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fedaa Albeladi
- Department of Internal Medicine- College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University -King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor N Bumurah
- Department of Internal Medicine- College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University -King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Sharofna
- Department of Internal Medicine- College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University -King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Albaggal
- Department of Internal Medicine- College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University -King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad Alghamdi
- Department of Internal Medicine- College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University -King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem S AlSulaiman
- Department of Internal Medicine- College of Medicine-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University -King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Herd Immunity to Fight Against COVID-19: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e33575. [PMID: 36779140 PMCID: PMC9909126 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its consequent illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has revealed the severe impact of new, contagious pathogens on the population throughout the globe. Here, we describe the fundamental notions of herd immunity and discuss their consequences from the perspective of COVID-19, along with the obstacles to acquiring herd immunity. SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19, a contagious respiratory infection. It is a major global health issue, with more than 179 million positive cases and 3.8 million deaths globally. It has impacted more than 159 countries; hence, the World Health Organization designated it a pandemic. Different vaccines have been developed against coronavirus to slow the spread of this deadly virus. Immunizing people against coronavirus is the key to getting through this infectious virus. The central concept of this review article is the effect of vaccinating a large population to achieve herd immunity and the reasons for the delay in developing herd immunity. Herd immunity can prove highly beneficial for dealing with reinfection. Moreover, it can reduce the severity of the reinfection in many people who are twice infected with COVID-19. Herd immunity can prevent people in the high-risk group such as immunocompromised individuals; those on immunosuppressants; organ transplant recipients; particular age groups such as neonates, infants, toddlers, and elderly; those with impaired immunity; those with anaphylaxis reactions; and people with chronic diseases. However, due to repeated mutations of the virus, it is evolving into new strains with more severity. Its consequences on the immune system and response to a vaccine are still a big challenge to overcome. How new variants of COVID-19 impacted herd immunity needs to be investigated. The duration required for the development of herd immunity and how long it would last is still under research, along with the number of doses needed, booster doses, and the proportion of the population to be vaccinated.
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Bereda G. Chronic heart failure in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report and discussion.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2373181/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The involvement of the heart in COVID-19 infection appears to have a major negative influence on patient prognosis and survival. Myocarditis is caused by COVID-19, which can lead to heart failure and arrhythmias. On October 11, 2022, a 60-year-old middle-aged black African female widow was admitted with history of muscular weakness for two days and lack of appetite, and occasional vomiting for one day. She arrived at the emergency room after complaining for two days of peeing less than usual, weakness, a fast heartbeat, swelling in the feet, pink blood-tinged mucus, fever, headache, dehydration, a non-productive cough, and shortness of breath. Her neurological assessment to determine her level of consciousness indicated a Glasgow coma rating of 10/15. Routine reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (COVID-19) testing was performed in the emergency room; she tested positive. To treat her proven COVID-19 infection, she was received subcutaneous enoxaparin 80 mg every 12 hours as prophylaxis of deep venous thromboembolism. Because of a probable lung bacterial superinfection, 1 g of ceftriaxone and 500 mg of azithromycin were given orally once a day for five days to reduce her hospital-acquired infectious diseases.
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