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Wang J, Shen Y, Sheng X, Yu H, Song M, Wang Q, Gu H. Unravelling Glucoraphanin and Glucoerucin Metabolism across Broccoli Sprout Development: Insights from Metabolite and Transcriptome Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:750. [PMID: 38592746 PMCID: PMC10976094 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Variations in the concentration of glucoraphanin (GRA) and glucoerucin (GER), as well as the corresponding breakdown products, isothiocyanates (ITCs) and nitriles, were investigated during the growth of broccoli sprouts. The concentrations of GRA and GER decreased sharply from 33.66 µmol/g to 11.48 µmol/g and 12.98 µmol/g to 8.23 µmol/g, respectively, after seed germination. From the third to the seventh day, both GRA and GER were maintained as relatively stable. The highest concentrations of sulforaphane (17.16 µmol/g) and erucin (12.26 µmol/g) were observed on the first day. Hereafter, the concentrations of nitrile hydrolyzed from GRA or GER were higher than those of the corresponding ITCs. Moreover, the ratio of sulforaphane to sulforaphane nitrile decreased from 1.35 to 0.164 from 1 d to 5 d, with a similar trend exhibited for erucin/erucin nitrile after 2 d. RNA-seq analysis showed that BolMYB28 and BolCYP83A1, involved in aliphatic glucosinolate (GSL) biosynthesis, remained largely unexpressed until the third day. In contrast, the genes operating within the GSL-myrosinase hydrolysis pathway were highly expressed right from the beginning, with their expression levels increasing significantly after the third day. Additionally, we identified two BolESPs and six BolNSPs that might play important roles in promoting the production of nitriles during the development of broccoli sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.W.); (Y.S.); (X.S.); (H.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Yusen Shen
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.W.); (Y.S.); (X.S.); (H.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Xiaoguang Sheng
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.W.); (Y.S.); (X.S.); (H.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Huifang Yu
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.W.); (Y.S.); (X.S.); (H.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Mengfei Song
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.W.); (Y.S.); (X.S.); (H.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Honghui Gu
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.W.); (Y.S.); (X.S.); (H.Y.); (M.S.)
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Shahwar D, Mushtaq Z, Mushtaq H, Alqarawi AA, Park Y, Alshahrani TS, Faizan S. Role of microbial inoculants as bio fertilizers for improving crop productivity: A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16134. [PMID: 37255980 PMCID: PMC10225898 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The world's population is increasing and is anticipated to spread 10 billion by 2050, and the issue of food security is becoming a global concern. To maintain global food security, it is essential to increase crop productivity under changing climatic conditions. Conventional agricultural practices frequently use artificial/chemical fertilizers to enhance crop productivity, but these have numerous negative effects on the environment and people's health. To address these issues, researchers have been concentrating on substitute crop fertilization methods for many years, and biofertilizers as a crucial part of agricultural practices are quickly gaining popularity all over the globe. Biofertilizers are living formulations made of indigenous plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) which are substantial, environment-friendly, and economical biofertilizers for amassing crop productivity by enhancing plant development either directly or indirectly, and are the renewable source of plant nutrients and sustainable agronomy. The review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on microbial inoculants as biofertilizers, including their types, mechanisms of action, effects on crop productivity, challenges, and limitations associated with the use of microbial inoculants. In this review, we focused on the application of biofertilizers to agricultural fields in plant growth development by performing several activities like nitrogen fixation, siderophore production, phytohormone production, nutrient solubilization, and facilitating easy uptake by crop plants. Further, we discussed the indirect mechanism of PGPRs, in developing induced system resistance against pest and diseases, and as a biocontrol agent for phytopathogens. This review article presents a brief outline of the ideas and uses of microbial inoculants in improving crop productivity as well as a discussion of the challenges and limitations to use microbial inoculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durre Shahwar
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea
| | - Zeenat Mushtaq
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Humira Mushtaq
- Research and Training Center on Pollinators and Pollination Management Section, Division of Entomology, SKAUST, Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Younghoon Park
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea
| | - Thobayet S. Alshahrani
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahla Faizan
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
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Li L, Ma P, Nirasawa S, Liu H. Formation, immunomodulatory activities, and enhancement of glucosinolates and sulforaphane in broccoli sprouts: a review for maximizing the health benefits to human. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:7118-7148. [PMID: 36847125 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2181311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Broccoli sprouts have been considered as functional foods which have received increasing attention because they have been highly prized for glucosinolates, phenolics, and vitamins in particular glucosinolates. One of hydrolysates-sulforaphane from glucoraphanin is positively associated with the attenuation of inflammatory, which could reduce diabetes, cardiovascular and cancer risk. In recent decades, the great interest in natural bioactive components especially for sulforaphane promotes numerous researchers to investigate the methods to enhance glucoraphanin levels in broccoli sprouts and evaluate the immunomodulatory activities of sulforaphane. Therefore, glucosinolates profiles are different in broccoli sprouts varied with genotypes and inducers. Physicochemical, biological elicitors, and storage conditions were widely studied to promote the accumulation of glucosinolates and sulforaphane in broccoli sprouts. These inducers would stimulate the biosynthesis pathway gene expression and enzyme activities of glucosinolates and sulforaphane to increase the concentration in broccoli sprouts. The immunomodulatory activity of sulforaphane was summarized to be a new therapy for diseases with immune dysregulation. The perspective of this review served as a potential reference for customers and industries by application of broccoli sprouts as a functional food and clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peihua Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Satoru Nirasawa
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Haijie Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Lin H, Sun J, Hu Z, Cheng C, Lin S, Zou H, Yan X. Variation in Glucosinolate Accumulation among Different Sprout and Seedling Stages of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121563. [PMID: 35736714 PMCID: PMC9227298 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GLs) are plant secondary metabolites that may act against different types of cancers. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is rich in GLs which makes it an excellent source of these nutraceuticals. The composition and concentration of GLs vary among broccoli cultivars and throughout the developmental stages of the plant. To obtain the GL profiles of broccoli, GL compositions and contents in four early developmental stages (seeds, 3-day sprouts, 11-day and 17-day seedlings) were determined for nine cultivars of broccoli in this study. A total of 12 GLs including 9 aliphatic GLs and 3 indole GLs were identified from the nine broccoli cultivars using LC-QTOF-MS. UPLC results showed that aliphatic GLs concentrations decreased with broccoli sprouts and seedling growth for most cultivars. Interestingly, indole GLs amounts increased after germination and reached the highest level in 3-day sprouts or 11-day seedlings, and they fell back to a low level in 17-day seedlings. The GL profiles of nine cultivars documented in this study will provide useful information for high quality germplasm selection for cultivation or genetic engineering, and further understanding of the GL metabolic pathways.
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Liu Z, Wang H, Lv J, Luo S, Hu L, Wang J, Li L, Zhang G, Xie J, Yu J. Effects of Plant Hormones, Metal Ions, Salinity, Sugar, and Chemicals Pollution on Glucosinolate Biosynthesis in Cruciferous Plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:856442. [PMID: 35574082 PMCID: PMC9096887 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.856442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetable crops are grown widely around the world, which supply a multitude of health-related micronutrients, phytochemicals, and antioxidant compounds. Glucosinolates (GSLs) are specialized metabolites found widely in cruciferous vegetables, which are not only related to flavor formation but also have anti-cancer, disease-resistance, and insect-resistance properties. The content and components of GSLs in the Cruciferae are not only related to genotypes and environmental factors but also are influenced by hormones, plant growth regulators, and mineral elements. This review discusses the effects of different exogenous substances on the GSL content and composition, and analyzes the molecular mechanism by which these substances regulate the biosynthesis of GSLs. Based on the current research status, future research directions are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeci Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Lv
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shilei Luo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linli Hu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lushan Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guobin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Kyriakou S, Trafalis DT, Deligiorgi MV, Franco R, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. Assessment of Methodological Pipelines for the Determination of Isothiocyanates Derived from Natural Sources. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040642. [PMID: 35453327 PMCID: PMC9029005 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates are biologically active secondary metabolites liberated via enzymatic hydrolysis of their sulfur enriched precursors, glucosinolates, upon tissue plant disruption. The importance of this class of compounds lies in their capacity to induce anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and other bioactive properties. As such, their isolation from natural sources is of utmost importance. In this review article, an extensive examination of the various parameters (hydrolysis, extraction, and quantification) affecting the isolation of isothiocyanates from naturally-derived sources is presented. Overall, the effective isolation/extraction and quantification of isothiocyanate is strongly associated with their chemical and physicochemical properties, such as polarity-solubility as well as thermal and acidic stability. Furthermore, the successful activation of myrosinase appears to be a major factor affecting the conversion of glucosinolates into active isothiocyanates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiris Kyriakou
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Ayios Dometios, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus;
| | - Dimitrios T. Trafalis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.T.T.); (M.V.D.)
| | - Maria V. Deligiorgi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.T.T.); (M.V.D.)
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Centre, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Ayios Dometios, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +357-22392626
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Fate of Bioactive Compounds during Lactic Acid Fermentation of Fruits and Vegetables. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050733. [PMID: 35267366 PMCID: PMC8909232 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of lactic acid fermented fruits and vegetables has been correlated with a series of health benefits. Some of them have been attributed to the probiotic potential of lactic acid microbiota, while others to its metabolic potential and the production of bioactive compounds. The factors that affect the latter have been in the epicenter of intensive research over the last decade. The production of bioactive peptides, vitamins (especially of the B-complex), gamma-aminobutyric acid, as well as phenolic and organosulfur compounds during lactic acid fermentation of fruits and vegetables has attracted specific attention. On the other hand, the production of biogenic amines has also been intensively studied due to the adverse health effects caused by their consumption. The data that are currently available indicate that the production of these compounds is a strain-dependent characteristic that may also be affected by the raw materials used as well as the fermentation conditions. The aim of the present review paper is to collect all data referring to the production of the aforementioned compounds and to present and discuss them in a concise and comprehensive way.
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Saeed Q, Xiukang W, Haider FU, Kučerik J, Mumtaz MZ, Holatko J, Naseem M, Kintl A, Ejaz M, Naveed M, Brtnicky M, Mustafa A. Rhizosphere Bacteria in Plant Growth Promotion, Biocontrol, and Bioremediation of Contaminated Sites: A Comprehensive Review of Effects and Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10529. [PMID: 34638870 PMCID: PMC8509026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Agriculture in the 21st century is facing multiple challenges, such as those related to soil fertility, climatic fluctuations, environmental degradation, urbanization, and the increase in food demand for the increasing world population. In the meanwhile, the scientific community is facing key challenges in increasing crop production from the existing land base. In this regard, traditional farming has witnessed enhanced per acre crop yields due to irregular and injudicious use of agrochemicals, including pesticides and synthetic fertilizers, but at a substantial environmental cost. Another major concern in modern agriculture is that crop pests are developing pesticide resistance. Therefore, the future of sustainable crop production requires the use of alternative strategies that can enhance crop yields in an environmentally sound manner. The application of rhizobacteria, specifically, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), as an alternative to chemical pesticides has gained much attention from the scientific community. These rhizobacteria harbor a number of mechanisms through which they promote plant growth, control plant pests, and induce resistance to various abiotic stresses. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of rhizobacteria involved in plant growth promotion, biocontrol of pests, and bioremediation of contaminated soils. It also focuses on the effects of PGPR inoculation on plant growth survival under environmental stress. Furthermore, the pros and cons of rhizobacterial application along with future directions for the sustainable use of rhizobacteria in agriculture are discussed in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qudsia Saeed
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Wang Xiukang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Jiří Kučerik
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Defense Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Jiri Holatko
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Munaza Naseem
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Antonin Kintl
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (A.K.)
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., Zahradni 400/1, 664 41 Troubsko, Czech Republic
| | - Mukkaram Ejaz
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.B.)
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- Biology Center CAS, SoWa RI, Na Sadkach 7, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Current Methods for the Extraction and Analysis of Isothiocyanates and Indoles in Cruciferous Vegetables. ANALYTICA 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/analytica2040011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables are characterized by the presence of sulfur-containing secondary plant metabolites known as glucosinolates (GLS). The consumption of cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, rocket salad, and cauliflower has been related to the prevention of non-communicable diseases. Their beneficial effects are attributed to the enzymatic degradation products of GLS, e.g., isothiocyanates and indoles. Owing to these properties, there has been a shift in the last few years towards the research of these compounds and a wide range of methods for their extraction and analytical determination have been developed. The aim of this review is to present the sample preparation and extraction procedures of isothiocyanates and indoles from cruciferous vegetables and the analytical methods for their determination. The majority of the references that have been reviewed are from the last decade. Although efforts towards the application of eco-friendly non-conventional extraction methods have been made, the use of conventional solvent extraction is mainly applied. The major analytical techniques employed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of isothiocyanates and indoles are high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with or without mass spectrometry detection. Nevertheless, the analytical determination of isothiocyanates presents several problems due to their instability and the absence of chromophores, making the simultaneous determination of isothiocyanates and indoles a challenging task.
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Factors Influencing Sulforaphane Content in Broccoli Sprouts and Subsequent Sulforaphane Extraction. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081927. [PMID: 34441704 PMCID: PMC8394606 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Broccoli sprouts contain 10–100 times higher levels of sulforaphane than mature plants, something that has been well known since 1997. Sulforaphane has a whole range of unique biological properties, and it is especially an inducer of phase 2 detoxication enzymes. Therefore, its use has been intensively studied in the field of health and nutrition. The formation of sulforaphane is controlled by the epithiospecifier protein, a myrosinase co-factor, which is temperature-specific. This paper studies the influence of temperature, heating time, the addition of myrosinase in the form of Raphanus sativus sprouts in constant ratio to broccoli sprouts, and other technological steps on the final sulforaphane content in broccoli sprout homogenates. These technological steps are very important for preserving sulforaphane in broccoli sprouts, but there are some limitations concerning the amount of sulforaphane. We focused, therefore, on the extraction process, using suitable β-cyclodextrin, hexane and ethanol, with the goal of increasing the amount of sulforaphane in the final extract, thus stabilizing it and reducing the required amount sulforaphane needed, e.g., as a dietary supplement.
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11
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Maina S, Ryu DH, Cho JY, Jung DS, Park JE, Nho CW, Bakari G, Misinzo G, Jung JH, Yang SH, Kim HY. Exposure to Salinity and Light Spectra Regulates Glucosinolates, Phenolics, and Antioxidant Capacity of Brassica carinata L. Microgreens. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1183. [PMID: 34439431 PMCID: PMC8389028 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of salt treatment on Brassica carinata (BC) microgreens grown under different light wavelengths on glucosinolates (GLs) and phenolic compounds were evaluated. Quantifiable GLs were identified using ultra-high performance-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. Extracts' ability to activate antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) was evaluated on human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116). Furthermore, BC compounds' ability to activate expression of nuclear transcription factor-erythroid 2 related factor (Nrf2) and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) proteins was examined using specific antibodies on HCT116 cells. Sinigrin (SIN) was the abundant GLs of the six compounds identified and its content together with total aliphatic GLs increased in saline conditions. Fluorescent (FL) and blue plus red (B1R1) lights were identified as stable cultivation conditions for microgreens, promoting biomass and glucobrassicin contents, whereas other identified individual and total indole GLs behaved differently in saline and non-saline environments. Blue light-emitting diodes and FL light in saline treatments mostly enhanced SIN, phenolics and antioxidant activities. The increased SOD and CAT activities render the BC microgreens suitable for lowering oxidative stress. Additionally, activation of Nrf2, and HO-1 protein expression by the GLs rich extracts, demonstrate their potential to treat and prevent oxidative stress and inflammatory disorders. Therefore, effective salt treatments and light exposure to BC microgreens present an opportunity for targeted regulation of growth and accumulation of bioactive metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Maina
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (S.M.); (D.H.R.); (J.Y.C.); (D.S.J.); (J.-E.P.); (C.W.N.); (J.H.J.)
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 25523, Tanzania; (G.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Da Hye Ryu
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (S.M.); (D.H.R.); (J.Y.C.); (D.S.J.); (J.-E.P.); (C.W.N.); (J.H.J.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jwa Yeong Cho
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (S.M.); (D.H.R.); (J.Y.C.); (D.S.J.); (J.-E.P.); (C.W.N.); (J.H.J.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Da Seul Jung
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (S.M.); (D.H.R.); (J.Y.C.); (D.S.J.); (J.-E.P.); (C.W.N.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Jai-Eok Park
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (S.M.); (D.H.R.); (J.Y.C.); (D.S.J.); (J.-E.P.); (C.W.N.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (S.M.); (D.H.R.); (J.Y.C.); (D.S.J.); (J.-E.P.); (C.W.N.); (J.H.J.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Gaymary Bakari
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 25523, Tanzania; (G.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Gerald Misinzo
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 25523, Tanzania; (G.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Je Hyeong Jung
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (S.M.); (D.H.R.); (J.Y.C.); (D.S.J.); (J.-E.P.); (C.W.N.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Seung-Hoon Yang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea;
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (S.M.); (D.H.R.); (J.Y.C.); (D.S.J.); (J.-E.P.); (C.W.N.); (J.H.J.)
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12
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Tao H, Hu S, Xia C, Wang M, Wang T, Zeng W, Li Y, Chen H, Zheng J, Wang Q. Involvement of glucosinolates in the resistance to zinc oxide nanoparticle-induced toxicity and growth inhibition in Arabidopsis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:1040-1049. [PMID: 34152344 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00134e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used to manufacture textile fibers, synthetic rubber, and paint. However, crop yields and quality are threatened by the increased use of metallic NPs in industry, which has resulted in their accumulation in agricultural land. Many studies have shown that plants defend against biotic and abiotic stresses through the activities of metabolites and hormones. However, whether glucosinolates (GSs) are involved in plant responses to ZnO NP-related stress remains unknown. In this study, wild-type (WT) and GS mutant (myb28/29 and cyp79B2/B3) Arabidopsis plants were subjected to ZnO NP stress to address this question. Our results showed that exposure to ZnO NPs promoted GS accumulation and induced the relative messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of GS biosynthesis-related genes. Moreover, ZnO NP treatment adversely affected root length, the number of lateral roots, chlorophyll contents, and plant biomass. Importantly, our results showed that root growth, chlorophyll contents, and plant biomass were all decreased in the GS mutants compared with those in WT plants. Overall, our results showed that WT plants tolerated ZnO NP-induced stress more efficiently than the GS mutants, suggesting that GSs are involved in plant resistance to ZnO NP-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Tao
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Songshen Hu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. and Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chuchu Xia
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Tonglin Wang
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wei Zeng
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yubo Li
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jirong Zheng
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Ullah A, Bano A, Khan N. Climate Change and Salinity Effects on Crops and Chemical Communication Between Plants and Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms Under Stress. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.618092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades the world has experienced an abrupt change in climate. Both natural and artificial factors are climate change drivers, although the effect of natural factors are lesser than the anthropogenic drivers. These factors have changed the pattern of precipitation resulting in a rise in sea levels, changes in evapotranspiration, occurrence of flood overwintering of pathogens, increased resistance of pests and parasites, and reduced productivity of plants. Although excess CO2 promotes growth of C3 plants, high temperatures reduce the yield of important agricultural crops due to high evapotranspiration. These two factors have an impact on soil salinization and agriculture production, leading to the issue of water and food security. Farmers have adopted different strategies to cope with agriculture production in saline and saline sodic soil. Recently the inoculation of halotolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in saline fields is an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach to overcome salinity and promote crop growth and yield in saline and saline sodic soil. These halotolerant bacteria synthesize certain metabolites which help crops in adopting a saline condition and promote their growth without any negative effects. There is a complex interkingdom signaling between host and microbes for mutual interaction, which is also influenced by environmental factors. For mutual survival, nature induces a strong positive relationship between host and microbes in the rhizosphere. Commercialization of such PGPR in the form of biofertilizers, biostimulants, and biopower are needed to build climate resilience in agriculture. The production of phytohormones, particularly auxins, have been demonstrated by PGPR, even the pathogenic bacteria and fungi which also modulate the endogenous level of auxins in plants, subsequently enhancing plant resistance to various stresses. The present review focuses on plant-microbe communication and elaborates on their role in plant tolerance under changing climatic conditions.
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Yin Y, Liu Y, Cheng C, Yang Z, Luo Z, Fang W. iTRAQ-based proteomic and physiological analyses of broccoli sprouts in response to exogenous melatonin with ZnSO 4 stress. RSC Adv 2021; 11:12336-12347. [PMID: 35423784 PMCID: PMC8696995 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00696g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous melatonin (10 μM) enhances ZnSO4 (4 mM) stress tolerance and regulates the isothiocyanate content of broccoli sprouts. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism underlying the role of melatonin in isothiocyanate metabolism under ZnSO4 stress is unclear. The effects of exogenous melatonin on growth and isothiocyanate metabolism in broccoli sprouts under ZnSO4 stress during germination were investigated by physio-biochemical methods, quantification of relative gene expression levels, and the isobaric tags for the relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labelling technique. Compared with sprouts under ZnSO4 stress alone, sprout length, fresh weight and free calcium content increased significantly in sprouts under ZnSO4 stress plus melatonin treatment while electrolyte leakage and malonaldehyde content decreased. The glucosinolate content and myrosinase activity also significantly increased in sprouts under ZnSO4 stress plus melatonin treatment compared with the control, and thus the isothiocyanate and sulforaphane content increased markedly. Meanwhile, the expression of glucoraphanin biosynthesis genes, such as MYB28, CYP83A1, AOP2, BoSAT1, and BoHMT1 was significantly induced by melatonin in sprouts under ZnSO4 stress. Furthermore, compared with sprouts under ZnSO4 stress alone, a total of 145 proteins in broccoli sprouts under ZnSO4 stress plus melatonin treatment showed differential relative abundances. These proteins were divided into 13 functional classes and revealed that pathways for sulfur metabolism, glucosinolate biosynthesis, selenocompound metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and peroxisome were significantly enriched. The present study indicates that exogenous melatonin alleviates the adverse effects of ZnSO4 stress on sprout growth and promotes glucoraphanin biosynthesis and the hydrolysis of glucoraphanin to form isothiocyanates in broccoli sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Yin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 210095 People's Republic of China +86-514-89786551 +86-514-89786551
| | - Yin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 210095 People's Republic of China +86-514-89786551 +86-514-89786551
| | - Chao Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 210095 People's Republic of China +86-514-89786551 +86-514-89786551
| | - Zhengfei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 210095 People's Republic of China +86-514-89786551 +86-514-89786551
| | - Zhenlan Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 210095 People's Republic of China +86-514-89786551 +86-514-89786551
| | - Weiming Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 210095 People's Republic of China +86-514-89786551 +86-514-89786551
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15
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Mitreiter S, Gigolashvili T. Regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:70-91. [PMID: 33313802 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are secondary defense metabolites produced by plants of the order Brassicales, which includes the model species Arabidopsis and many crop species. In the past 13 years, the regulation of glucosinolate synthesis in plants has been intensively studied, with recent research revealing complex molecular mechanisms that connect glucosinolate production with responses to other central pathways. In this review, we discuss how the regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis is ecologically relevant for plants, how it is controlled by transcription factors, and how this transcriptional machinery interacts with hormonal, environmental, and epigenetic mechanisms. We present the central players in glucosinolate regulation, MYB and basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, as well as the plant hormone jasmonate, which together with other hormones and environmental signals allow the coordinated and rapid regulation of glucosinolate genes. Furthermore, we highlight the regulatory connections between glucosinolates, auxin, and sulfur metabolism and discuss emerging insights and open questions on the regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mitreiter
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tamara Gigolashvili
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Lv X, Wang Q, Wang X, Zheng X, Fan D, Espinoza‐Pinochet CA, Cespedes‐Acuña CL. Selection and microencapsulation of myrosinase enzyme from broccoli sprouts of different varieties and characteristics evaluation. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingang Lv
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University Xi'an PR China
| | - Qilei Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University Xi'an PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University Xi'an PR China
| | - Xiaohua Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University Xi'an PR China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University Xi'an PR China
| | | | - Carlos L. Cespedes‐Acuña
- Chemistry and Biotechnology of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bio Bio Chillan Chile
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Maina S, Misinzo G, Bakari G, Kim HY. Human, Animal and Plant Health Benefits of Glucosinolates and Strategies for Enhanced Bioactivity: A Systematic Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E3682. [PMID: 32806771 PMCID: PMC7464879 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSs) are common anionic plant secondary metabolites in the order Brassicales. Together with glucosinolate hydrolysis products (GSHPs), they have recently gained much attention due to their biological activities and mechanisms of action. We review herein the health benefits of GSs/GSHPs, approaches to improve the plant contents, their bioavailability and bioactivity. In this review, only literature published between 2010 and March 2020 was retrieved from various scientific databases. Findings indicate that these compounds (natural, pure, synthetic, and derivatives) play an important role in human/animal health (disease therapy and prevention), plant health (defense chemicals, biofumigants/biocides), and food industries (preservatives). Overall, much interest is focused on in vitro studies as anti-cancer and antimicrobial agents. GS/GSHP levels improvement in plants utilizes mostly biotic/abiotic stresses and short periods of phytohormone application. Their availability and bioactivity are directly proportional to their contents at the source, which is affected by methods of food preparation, processing, and extraction. This review concludes that, to a greater extent, there is a need to explore and improve GS-rich sources, which should be emphasized to obtain natural bioactive compounds/active ingredients that can be included among synthetic and commercial products for use in maintaining and promoting health. Furthermore, the development of advanced research on compounds pharmacokinetics, their molecular mode of action, genetics based on biosynthesis, their uses in promoting the health of living organisms is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Maina
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon 25451, Korea;
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 25523, Tanzania; (G.M.); (G.B.)
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 25523, Tanzania
| | - Gerald Misinzo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 25523, Tanzania; (G.M.); (G.B.)
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 25523, Tanzania
| | - Gaymary Bakari
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 25523, Tanzania; (G.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon 25451, Korea;
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18
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Chen J, Chen Z, Li Z, Zhao Y, Chen X, Wang-Pruski G, Guo R. Effect of Photoperiod on Chinese Kale ( Brassica alboglabra) Sprouts Under White or Combined Red and Blue Light. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:589746. [PMID: 33510744 PMCID: PMC7835638 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.589746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
To determine the response of Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra) sprouts to photoperiods under different light sources, we used four photoperiods (0-h light/24-h dark, 8-h light/16-h dark, 12-h light/12-h dark, and 16-h light/8-h dark) to investigate their sprout growth and secondary metabolite glucosinolates (GSs) accumulation under white or combined red-and-blue (RB) light sources. We found that the 16-h light condition under RB light produced plants with the greatest dry matter. Sprouts grown under 16-h RB light condition achieved greater length than those under white light. To investigate the role of RB light in plant growth and GS accumulation, we applied RB light sources with different RB ratios (0:10, 2:8, 5:5, 8:2, and 10:0) to cultivate sprouts. The results showed that significant differential accumulation of GSs existed between sprouts grown under blue (RB, 0:10) and red (RB, 10:0) light; there was greater GS content under blue light. The underlying mechanism of differential GS content in sprouts under red or blue light condition was studied using RNA sequencing technique. Interestingly, abundant GS biosynthetic gene transcripts were observed in sprouts grown under red light compared with under blue light. The expression of β-glucosidase family homolog genes related to GS degradation differed under red and blue light conditions, among those TGG4 homolog was detected with higher expression under red light than with blue light. Taking into consideration, the lower GS accumulation in sprouts under red rather than blue light, we conclude that the degradation of GSs may play a key role in sprouts GS homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Chen
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zeyuan Chen
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zunwen Li
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yijiao Zhao
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gefu Wang-Pruski
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
- Gefu Wang-Pruski,
| | - Rongfang Guo
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Rongfang Guo,
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Wu Q, Wang J, Mao S, Xu H, Wu Q, Liang M, Yuan Y, Liu M, Huang K. Comparative transcriptome analyses of genes involved in sulforaphane metabolism at different treatment in Chinese kale using full-length transcriptome sequencing. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:377. [PMID: 31088374 PMCID: PMC6518776 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sulforaphane is a natural isothiocyanate available from cruciferous vegetables with multiple characteristics including antioxidant, antitumor and anti-inflammatory effect. Single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing has been used for long-read de novo assembly of plant genome. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism related to glucosinolates biosynthesis in Chinese kale using combined NGS and SMRT sequencing. Results SMRT sequencing produced 185,134 unigenes, higher than 129,325 in next-generation sequencing (NGS). NaCl (75 mM), methyl jasmonate (MeJA, 40 μM), selenate (Se, sodium selenite 100 μM), and brassinolide (BR, 1.5 μM) treatment induced 6893, 13,287, 13,659 and 11,041 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Chinese kale seedlings comparing with control. These genes were associated with pathways of glucosinolates biosynthesis, including phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and glucosinolate biosynthesis. We found NaCl decreased sulforaphane and glucosinolates (indolic and aliphatic) contents and downregulated expression of cytochrome P45083b1 (CYP83b1), S-alkyl-thiohydroximatelyase or carbon–sulfur lyase (SUR1) and UDP-glycosyltransferase 74B1 (UGT74b1). MeJA increased sulforaphane and glucosinolates contents and upregulated the expression of CYP83b1, SUR1 and UGT74b1; Se increased sulforaphane; BR increased expression of CYP83b1, SUR1 and UGT74b1, and increased glucosinolates contents. The desulfoglucosinolate sulfotransferases ST5a_b_c were decreased by all treatments. Conclusions We confirmed that NaCl inhibited the biosynthesis of both indolic and aliphatic glucosinolates, while MeJA and BR increased them. MeJA and BR treatments, conferred the biosynthesis of glucosinolates, and Se and MeJA contributed to sulforaphane in Chinese kale via regulating the expression of CYP83b1, SUR1 and UGT74b1. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5758-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shuxiang Mao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Haoran Xu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mantian Liang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yiming Yuan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mingyue Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ke Huang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China.
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Ye JH, Huang LY, Terefe NS, Augustin MA. Fermentation-based biotransformation of glucosinolates, phenolics and sugars in retorted broccoli puree by lactic acid bacteria. Food Chem 2019; 286:616-623. [PMID: 30827654 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation on the chemical profile of autoclaved broccoli puree, using 7 broccoli-derived LAB isolates (named F1-F5, BF1 and BF2). The total concentrations of glucosinolates (glucoiberin, progoitrin and glucoraphanin) and 10 major phenolics significantly increased from trace level and 289 μg total phenolics/g dry weight (DW) respectively in autoclaved broccoli to 55 to ∼359 μg/g DW and 903 to ∼3105 μg/g DW respectively in LAB fermented broccoli puree. Differential impacts of LAB isolates on the chemical composition of autoclaved broccoli were observed, with the major differences being the significant increase in phloretic acid after fermentation by F1-F5 and an elevated glucoraphanin level in ferments by F1 and BF2. LAB fermentation is a promising way to increase the content of glucosinolates and polyphenolic compounds in broccoli, making the ferments attractive for use as functional ingredients or as a whole functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hui Ye
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Long-Yue Huang
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Mary Ann Augustin
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
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21
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Chen W, Karangwa E, Yu J, Xia S, Feng B, Zhang X. Effect of sodium chloride concentration on off-flavor removal correlated to glucosinolate degradation and red radish anthocyanin stability. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:937-950. [PMID: 30906051 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-03559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanin-rich concentrates from different red radish can be used as natural food colorants. However, the development of off-flavor during extraction has been major challenge in processing industries. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration in phosphoric acidified medium pH 2.5 on removal of off-flavor from red radish anthocyanin. The effect of NaCl concentration on anthocyanin properties was also evaluated. Results showed that the total glucosinolate was highly degraded at high NaCl concentration (< 500 mM) compared with control, leading to higher off-flavor development. Additionally, the glucosinolate degradation was positively and significantly correlated to isothiocyanate, while was negatively and significantly correlated with dimethyl di-, trisulfide, cedrol, triacetin, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one. Moreover, total monomeric and color properties of extracted anthocyanins were degraded at high NaCl concentration (< 500 mM) compared with control. The tentative anthocyanin identification by UPLC-TQ-MS showed 12 glycosylated anthocyanins substituted at C3 and C5 in tested anthocyanin extracts. In conclusion, higher NaCl concentration (< 500 mM) could not be useful for red radish off-flavor removal and anthocyanin properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentian Chen
- 1State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People's Republic of China.,Research and Development, AAFUD Industry (Zhuhai) Co. Ltd, Zhuhai, 519085 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Eric Karangwa
- 1State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People's Republic of China.,Research and Development, AAFUD Industry (Zhuhai) Co. Ltd, Zhuhai, 519085 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyang Yu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqin Xia
- 1State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Feng
- 1State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
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Di Gioia F, Rosskopf EN, Leonardi C, Giuffrida F. Effects of application timing of saline irrigation water on broccoli production and quality. AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT 2018; 203:97-104. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
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Kim SY, Park JE, Kim EO, Lim SJ, Nam EJ, Yun JH, Yoo G, Oh SR, Kim HS, Nho CW. Exposure of kale root to NaCl and Na 2SeO 3 increases isothiocyanate levels and Nrf2 signalling without reducing plant root growth. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3999. [PMID: 29507323 PMCID: PMC5838157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22411-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A plant factory is a closed cultivation system that provides a consistent and modified environment for plant growth. We speculated that treatment of kale (Brassica oleracea) grown in a plant factory with NaCl, Na2SeO3, or both would increase the bioactive phytochemical levels including glucosinolates (GLSs) and isothiocyanates (ITCs), the key molecules in cancer prevention. The kale was harvested and analysed after treatment with NaCl and Na2SeO3 alone or in combination for 1 or 2 weeks. Exposure to NaCl alone but not Na2SeO3 increased plant root growth. Levels of sinigrin were increased by a 2-week exposure to Na2SeO3 alone or in combination with NaCl, whereas no changes were observed in glucoraphanin and gluconasturtiin gluconasturtiin levels. Importantly, the ITC concentration was affected by 2-week treatment with both compounds. To evaluate the bioactivity of kale, HepG2 human hepatoma cells were treated with plant extract for 6 h. Only the extract of kale roots exposed to a combination NaCl and Na2SeO3 for 2 weeks showed an increased expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), which regulates genes encoding antioxidant proteins. These data suggest that co-treatment with NaCl and Na2SeO3 increased the ITC content and chemopreventive effects of kale root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, Korea
| | - Jai-Eok Park
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, Korea
| | - Eun Ok Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, Korea
| | - Sue Ji Lim
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, Korea
| | - Eui Jeong Nam
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, Korea
| | - Ji Ho Yun
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, Korea
| | - GyHye Yoo
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, Korea
| | - Sang-Rok Oh
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, Korea
| | - Hyoung Seok Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, Korea.
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Miao HY, Wang MY, Chang JQ, Tao H, Sun B, Wang QM. Effects of glucose and gibberellic acid on glucosinolate content and antioxidant properties of Chinese kale sprouts. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 18:1093-1100. [PMID: 29204989 PMCID: PMC5742292 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates, anthocyanins, total phenols, and vitamin C, as well as antioxidant capacity, were investigated in Chinese kale sprouts treated with both glucose and gibberellic acid (GA3). The combination of 3% (0.03 g/ml) glucose and 5 μmol/L GA3 treatment was effective in increasing glucosinolate content while glucose or GA3 treatment alone did not influence significantly almost all individual glucosinolates or total glucosinolates. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Chinese kale sprouts were enhanced by combined treatment with glucose and GA3, which could be useful in improving the main health-promoting compounds and antioxidant activity in Chinese kale sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-ying Miao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Meng-yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia-qi Chang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Han Tao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiao-mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Cui ML, Yang HY, He GQ. Apoptosis induction of colorectal cancer cells HTL-9 in vitro by the transformed products of soybean isoflavones by Ganoderma lucidum. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 18:1101-1112. [PMID: 29204990 PMCID: PMC5742293 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Soybean isoflavones have been one of the potential preventive candidates for antitumor research in recent years. In this paper, we first studied the transformation of soybean isoflavones with the homogenized slurry of Ganoderma lucidum. The resultant transformed products (TSI) contained (703.21±4.35) mg/g of genistein, with transformed rates of 96.63% and 87.82% of daidzein and genistein, respectively, and TSI also could enrich the bioactive metabolites of G. lucidum. The antitumor effects of TSI on human colorectal cancer cell line HTL-9, human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, and human immortalized gastric epithelial cell line GES-1 were also studied. The 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that TSI could dramatically reduce the viability rates of HTL-9 cells and MCF-7 cells without detectable cytotoxicity on GES-1 normal cells when the TSI concentration was lower than 100 μg/ml. With 100 μg/ml of TSI, HTL-9 cells were arrested in the G1 phase, and late-apoptosis was primarily induced, accompanied with partial early-apoptosis. TSI could induce primarily early-apoptosis by arresting cells in the G1 phase of MCF-7 cells. For HTL-9 cells, Western-blot and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that TSI (100 μg/ml) can up-regulate the expression of Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and cytochrome c (Cyto-c), indicating that TSI could induce cell apoptosis mainly through the mitochondrial pathway. In addition, the expression of p53 was up-regulated, while the expression of Survivin and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was down-regulated. All these results showed that TSI could induce apoptosis of HTL-9 cells by the regulation of multiple apoptosis-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-lin Cui
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Huan-yi Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guo-qing He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Huang J, Zheng C, Cai C, Wang Q, Wu CA. Salt and methyl jasmonate aggravate growth inhibition and senescence in Arabidopsis seedlings via the JA signaling pathway. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 261:1-9. [PMID: 28554688 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the function of salinity or jasmonic acid (JA) in plant growth and senescence. This study evaluated how the combination of salinity and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) (SaM) worked as a novel stress and then regulated plant growth in Arabidopsis. Firstly, we found that compared with MeJA or NaCl treatment alone, SaM would significantly intensified plant growth inhibition and senescence in wild-type (WT) seedlings, and these phenotypes could be partially compromised after SaM stress in JA-insensitive mutants. Meanwhile, genes involved in JA signaling and Senescence Associated Gene 13 (SAG13) were dramatically increased by SaM stress than that by MeJA or NaCl alone in WT. Moreover, a group of secondary metabolite - indolic glucosinolates (IGs) showed obvious over-accumulation after SaM treatment than that after each single one in WT, and the seedlings treated with IGs' metabolites performed similar inhibited growth and chlorotic leaves phenotypes compared with those caused by SaM stress. All these indicated the toxicity of IGs and their metabolites would prevent the growth progress of plants. Therefore, we concluded that SaM worked as a novel stress and intensified plant growth inhibition and senescence, which was dependent on JA-dependent and -independent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jinguang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chengchao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Congxi Cai
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chang-Ai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China.
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Esfandiari A, Saei A, McKenzie MJ, Matich AJ, Babalar M, Hunter DA. Preferentially enhancing anti-cancer isothiocyanates over glucosinolates in broccoli sprouts: How NaCl and salicylic acid affect their formation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 115:343-353. [PMID: 28419960 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) sprouts contain glucosinolates (GLs) that when hydrolysed yield health promoting isothiocyanates such as sulforaphane (SF). SF content can be increased by salt (NaCl) stress, although high salt concentrations negatively impact plant growth. Salicylic acid (SA) treatments can attenuate the negative effects of salt on growth. To test whether sprout isothiocyanate content could be elevated without sprout growth being compromised, broccoli seed were germinated and grown for seven days in salt (0, 80 and 160 mM) alone and in combination with 100 μM SA. Increasing concentrations of salt lowered transcript accumulation of GL biosynthetic genes which was reflected in lowered content of Gluconapin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin and neoglucobrassicin glucosinolates. Other glucosinolates such as glucoraphanin did not alter significantly. Salt (160 mM) increased transcript abundance of the GL hydrolytic gene MYROSINASE (BoMYO) and its cofactor EPITHIOSPECIFIER MODIFIER1 (BoESM1) whose encoded product directs MYROSINASE to produce isothiocyanate rather than nitrile forms. SF content was increased 6-fold by the 160 mM salt treatment, but the salt treatment reduced percentage seed germination, slowed seed germination, and reduced sprout hypocotyl elongation. This growth inhibition was prevented if 100 μM SA was included with the salt treatment. These findings suggest that the increase in SF production by salt occurs in part because of increased transcript abundance of genes in the hydrolytic pathway, which occurs independently of the negative impact of salt on sprout growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Esfandiari
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Ali Saei
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Reseach Limited, PO Box 23, Kerikeri 0245, New Zealand
| | - Marian J McKenzie
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Adam J Matich
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Mesbah Babalar
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Donald A Hunter
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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Hassini I, Baenas N, Moreno DA, Carvajal M, Boughanmi N, Martinez Ballesta MDC. Effects of seed priming, salinity and methyl jasmonate treatment on bioactive composition of Brassica oleracea var. capitata (white and red varieties) sprouts. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2291-2299. [PMID: 27625158 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassica spp. sprouts are rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds, especially glucosinolates and phenolic acid derivatives, and the composition of these young germinating seeds can be altered by several external factors. In this study two cabbage varieties (Brassica oleracea var. capitata, red and white) were studied using seed priming (KCl 50 mmol L-1 ; NaCl 150 mmol L-1 ) and MeJA spraying (25 µmol L-1 ) to elicit the phytochemical content of edible sprouts. RESULTS The red variety was richer in glucosinolates and phenolic compounds than the white one but not in mineral nutrients. Seed priming enhanced the potassium (K) content and flavonols in both varieties, while the total content of glucosinolates was reduced after seed priming only in the red variety. The white variety responded better than the red one to KCl seed priming, increasing the flavonols (89%). Salinity did not induce any change in the phytochemical content of these two varieties. Elicitation with sprayed MeJA was effective in significantly increasing the content of indolic glucosinolates glucobrassicin (5.7-fold) and neoglucobrassicin (9.7-fold) in the red cultivar. In the white variety, in addition to glucobrassicin (19.4-fold) and neoglucobrassicin (9.4-fold), 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin (2.3-fold) was also enhanced. MeJA also elicited significant amounts of anthocyanins (41%) and chlorogenic acid derivatives (329%) in the white variety. CONCLUSION KCl seed priming and MeJA elicitation promoted the phytochemical composition of the cabbage varieties, especially in the white variety. The application of NaCl resulted in less efficient elicitation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismahen Hassini
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Nieves Baenas
- Food Science and Technology Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Diego A Moreno
- Food Science and Technology Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Neziha Boughanmi
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
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Bonasia A, Lazzizera C, Elia A, Conversa G. Nutritional, Biophysical and Physiological Characteristics of Wild Rocket Genotypes As Affected by Soilless Cultivation System, Salinity Level of Nutrient Solution and Growing Period. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:300. [PMID: 28337211 PMCID: PMC5343037 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of defining the best management of nutrient solution (NS) in a soilless system for obtaining high quality baby-leaf rocket, the present study focuses on two wild rocket genotypes ("Nature" and "Naturelle"), grown in a greenhouse under two Southern Italy growing conditions-autumn-winter (AW) and winter-spring (WS)-using two soilless cultivation systems (SCS)-at two electrical conductivity values (EC) of NS. The SCSs used were the Floating System (FS) and Ebb and Flow System (EFS) and the EC values were 2.5 and 3.5 dS m-1 (EC2.5; EC3.5) for the AW cycle and 3.5 and 4.5 dS m-1 (EC3.5; EC4.5) for the WS cycle. The yield, bio-physical, physiological and nutritional characteristics were evaluated. Higher fresh (FY) (2.25 vs. 1.50 kg m-2) and dry (DY) (230.6 vs. 106.1 g m-2) weight yield, leaf firmness (dry matter, 104.3 vs. 83.2 g kg-1 FW; specific leaf area, 34.8 vs. 24.2 g cm-2) and antioxidant compounds (vitamin C, 239.0 vs. 152.7 mg kg-1 FW; total phenols, 997 vs. 450 mg GAE mg kg-1 FW; total glucosinulates-GLSs, 1,078.8 vs. 405.7 mg kg-1 DW; total antioxidant capacity-TAC, 11,534 vs. 8,637 μmol eq trolox kg-1 FW) and lower nitrates (1,470 vs. 3,460 mg kg-1 FW) were obtained under WS conditions. The seasonal differences were evident on the GLS profile: some aliphatic GLSs (gluconapoleiferin, glucobrassicanapin) and indolic 4-OH-glucobrassicin were only expressed in WS conditions, while indolic glucobrassicin was only detected in the AW period. Compared with EFS, FS improved leaf firmness, visual quality, antioxidant content (TAC, +11.6%) and reduced nitrate leaf accumulation (-37%). "Naturelle" performed better than "Nature" in terms of yield, visual quality and nutritional profile, with differences more evident under less favorable climatic conditions and when the cultivars were grown in FS. Compared to EC2.5, the EC3.5 treatment did not affect DY while enhancing firmness, visual quality, and antioxidant compounds (TAC, +8%), and reducing the nitrate content (-47%). The EC4.5 treatment reduced FY and DY and the antioxidant content. Despite seasonal climatic condition variability, FS and the moderate salinity level of NS (3.5 dS m-1) can be suggested as optimum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Elia
- Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of FoggiaFoggia, Italy
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Augustine R, Bisht NC. Regulation of Glucosinolate Metabolism: From Model Plant Arabidopsis thaliana to Brassica Crops. REFERENCE SERIES IN PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-25462-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Mostafa I, Yoo MJ, Zhu N, Geng S, Dufresne C, Abou-Hashem M, El-Domiaty M, Chen S. Membrane Proteomics of Arabidopsis Glucosinolate Mutants cyp79B2/B3 and myb28/29. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:534. [PMID: 28443122 PMCID: PMC5387099 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (Gls) constitute a major group of natural metabolites represented by three major classes (aliphatic, indolic and aromatic) of more than 120 chemical structures. In our previous work, soluble proteins and metabolites in Arabidopsis mutants deficient of aliphatic (myb28/29) and indolic Gls (cyp79B2B3) were analyzed. Here we focus on investigating the changes at the level of membrane proteins in these mutants. Our LC/MS-MS analyses of tandem mass tag (TMT) labeled peptides derived from the cyp79B2/B3 and myb28/29 relative to wild type resulted in the identification of 4,673 proteins, from which 2,171 are membrane proteins. Fold changes and statistical analysis showed 64 increased and 74 decreased in cyp79B2/B3, while 28 increased and 17 decreased in myb28/29. As to the shared protein changes between the mutants, one protein was increased and eight were decreased. Bioinformatics analysis of the changed proteins led to the discovery of three cytochromes in glucosinolate molecular network (GMN): cytochrome P450 86A7 (At1g63710), cytochrome P450 71B26 (At3g26290), and probable cytochrome c (At1g22840). CYP86A7 and CYP71B26 may play a role in hydroxyl-indolic Gls production. In addition, flavone 3'-O-methyltransferase 1 represents an interesting finding as it is likely to participate in the methylation process of the hydroxyl-indolic Gls to form methoxy-indolic Gls. The analysis also revealed additional new nodes in the GMN related to stress and defense activity, transport, photosynthesis, and translation processes. Gene expression and protein levels were found to be correlated in the cyp79B2/B3, but not in the myb28/29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Mostafa
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig UniversityZagazig, Egypt
| | - Mi-Jeong Yoo
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ning Zhu
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sisi Geng
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Maged Abou-Hashem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig UniversityZagazig, Egypt
| | - Maher El-Domiaty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig UniversityZagazig, Egypt
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- *Correspondence: Sixue Chen
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Heydarian Z, Yu M, Gruber M, Glick BR, Zhou R, Hegedus DD. Inoculation of Soil with Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria Producing 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Deaminase or Expression of the Corresponding acdS Gene in Transgenic Plants Increases Salinity Tolerance in Camelina sativa. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1966. [PMID: 28018305 PMCID: PMC5159422 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Camelina sativa (camelina) is an oilseed crop touted for use on marginal lands; however, it is no more tolerant of soil salinity than traditional crops, such as canola. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) that produce 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACC deaminase) facilitate plant growth in the presence of abiotic stresses by reducing stress ethylene. Rhizospheric and endophytic PGPB and the corresponding acdS- mutants of the latter were examined for their ability to enhance tolerance to salt in camelina. Stimulation of growth and tolerance to salt was correlated with ACC deaminase production. Inoculation of soil with wild-type PGPB led to increased shoot length in the absence of salt, and increased seed production by approximately 30–50% under moderately saline conditions. The effect of ACC deaminase was further examined in transgenic camelina expressing a bacterial gene encoding ACC deaminase (acdS) under the regulation of the CaMV 35S promoter or the root-specific rolD promoter. Lines expressing acdS, in particular those using the rolD promoter, showed less decline in root length and weight, increased seed production, better seed quality and higher levels of seed oil production under salt stress. This study clearly demonstrates the potential benefit of using either PGPB that produce ACC deaminase or transgenic plants expressing the acdS gene under the control of a root-specific promoter to facilitate plant growth, seed production and seed quality on land that is not normally suitable for the majority of crops due to high salt content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Heydarian
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, SaskatoonSK, Canada; Department of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz UniversityShiraz, Iran
| | - Min Yu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | | | - Bernard R Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo ON, Canada
| | - Rong Zhou
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | - Dwayne D Hegedus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, SaskatoonSK, Canada; Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, SaskatoonSK, Canada
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Effects of CaCl2 on the metabolism of glucosinolates and the formation of isothiocyanates as well as the antioxidant capacity of broccoli sprouts. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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34
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Natella F, Maldini M, Nardini M, Azzini E, Foddai MS, Giusti AM, Baima S, Morelli G, Scaccini C. Improvement of the nutraceutical quality of broccoli sprouts by elicitation. Food Chem 2016; 201:101-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cai C, Miao H, Qian H, Yao L, Wang B, Wang Q. Effects of industrial pre-freezing processing and freezing handling on glucosinolates and antioxidant attributes in broccoli florets. Food Chem 2016; 210:451-6. [PMID: 27211670 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of industrial pre-freezing processing and freezing handling on the contents of glucosinolates and antioxidants (vitamin C, polyphenols, carotenoid and chlorophyll), as well as the antioxidant capacity in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) florets were investigated in the present study. Our results showed that the glucosinolate accumulations were significantly decreased after pre-freezing processing, whereas elevated levels of phenols, carotenoids, chlorophyll, and also antioxidant capacity were observed in frozen broccoli florets. The contents of vitamin C remained constant during above mentioned processing. In conclusion, the current industrial freezing processing method is a good practice for the preservation of main antioxidant nutrients in broccoli florets, although some improvements in pre-freezing processing, such as steam blanching and ice-water cooling, are needed to attenuate the decrease in glucosinolate content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congxi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huiying Miao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongmei Qian
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Leishuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bingliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Guo L, Yang R, Zhou Y, Gu Z. Heat and hypoxia stresses enhance the accumulation of aliphatic glucosinolates and sulforaphane in broccoli sprouts. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2522-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yang R, Guo L, Zhou Y, Shen C, Gu Z. Calcium mitigates the stress caused by ZnSO4 as a sulphur fertilizer and enhances the sulforaphane formation of broccoli sprouts. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11371c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CaCl2 improved the growth and sulforaphane formation of broccoli sprouts under ZnSO4via enhancing key bioactive substances level, antioxidant capacity, myrosinase activity and related genes expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqiang Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing
- People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering
| | - Yulin Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Shen
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxin Gu
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing
- People's Republic of China
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Guo L, Yang R, Wang Z, Guo Q, Gu Z. Glucoraphanin, sulforaphane and myrosinase activity in germinating broccoli sprouts as affected by growth temperature and plant organs. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Optimized Formation, Extraction, and Determination of Sulforaphane in Broccoli by Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-013-9766-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Extraction, chemical characterization and biological activity determination of broccoli health promoting compounds. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1313:78-95. [PMID: 23899380 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) contains substantial amount of health-promoting compounds such as vitamins, glucosinolates, phenolic compounds, and dietary essential minerals; thus, it benefits health beyond providing just basic nutrition, and consumption of broccoli has been increasing over the years. This review gives an overview on the extraction and separation techniques, as well as the biological activity of some of the above mentioned compounds which have been published in the period January 2008 to January 2013. The work has been distributed according to the different families of health promoting compounds discussing the extraction procedures and the analytical techniques employed for their characterization. Finally, information about the different biological activities of these compounds has been also provided.
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