1
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Schorn F, Werthenbach JP, Hoffmann M, Daoud M, Stachelscheid J, Schiffmann LM, Hildebrandt X, Lyu SI, Peltzer N, Quaas A, Vucic D, Silke J, Pasparakis M, Kashkar H. cIAPs control RIPK1 kinase activity-dependent and -independent cell death and tissue inflammation. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113614. [PMID: 37789765 PMCID: PMC10646551 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (cIAPs) are RING-containing E3 ubiquitin ligases that ubiquitylate receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) to regulate TNF signalling. Here, we established mice simultaneously expressing enzymatically inactive cIAP1/2 variants, bearing mutations in the RING domains of cIAP1/2 (cIAP1/2 mutant RING, cIAP1/2MutR ). cIap1/2MutR/MutR mice died during embryonic development due to RIPK1-mediated apoptosis. While expression of kinase-inactive RIPK1D138N rescued embryonic development, Ripk1D138N/D138N /cIap1/2MutR/MutR mice developed systemic inflammation and died postweaning. Cells expressing cIAP1/2MutR and RIPK1D138N were still susceptible to TNF-induced apoptosis and necroptosis, implying additional kinase-independent RIPK1 activities in regulating TNF signalling. Although further ablation of Ripk3 did not lead to any phenotypic improvement, Tnfr1 gene knock-out prevented early onset of systemic inflammation and premature mortality, indicating that cIAPs control TNFR1-mediated toxicity independent of RIPK1 and RIPK3. Beyond providing novel molecular insights into TNF-signalling, the mouse model established in this study can serve as a useful tool to further evaluate ongoing therapeutic protocols using inhibitors of TNF, cIAPs and RIPK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schorn
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute for Molecular ImmunologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - J Paul Werthenbach
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute for Molecular ImmunologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Mattes Hoffmann
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute for Molecular ImmunologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Mila Daoud
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute for Molecular ImmunologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Johanna Stachelscheid
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute for Molecular ImmunologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Lars M Schiffmann
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Ximena Hildebrandt
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Translational GenomicsUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Su Ir Lyu
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Pathology and Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne BonnUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Nieves Peltzer
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Translational GenomicsUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Pathology and Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne BonnUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Domagoj Vucic
- Department of Immunology DiscoveryGenentechSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical ResearchMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Manolis Pasparakis
- Institute for GeneticsUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)University of CologneCologneGermany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute for Molecular ImmunologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)University of CologneCologneGermany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
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2
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Daoud M, Broxtermann PN, Schorn F, Werthenbach JP, Seeger JM, Schiffmann LM, Brinkmann K, Vucic D, Tüting T, Mauch C, Kulms D, Zigrino P, Kashkar H. XIAP promotes melanoma growth by inducing tumour neutrophil infiltration. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53608. [PMID: 35437868 PMCID: PMC9171690 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated expression of the X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) has been frequently reported in malignant melanoma suggesting that XIAP renders apoptosis resistance and thereby supports melanoma progression. Independent of its anti‐apoptotic function, XIAP mediates cellular inflammatory signalling and promotes immunity against bacterial infection. The pro‐inflammatory function of XIAP has not yet been considered in cancer. By providing detailed in vitro analyses, utilising two independent mouse melanoma models and including human melanoma samples, we show here that XIAP is an important mediator of melanoma neutrophil infiltration. Neutrophils represent a major driver of melanoma progression and are increasingly considered as a valuable therapeutic target in solid cancer. Our data reveal that XIAP ubiquitylates RIPK2, involve TAB1/RIPK2 complex and induce the transcriptional up‐regulation and secretion of chemokines such as IL8, that are responsible for intra‐tumour neutrophil accumulation. Alteration of the XIAP‐RIPK2‐TAB1 inflammatory axis or the depletion of neutrophils in mice reduced melanoma growth. Our data shed new light on how XIAP contributes to tumour growth and provides important insights for novel XIAP targeting strategies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila Daoud
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute for Molecular Immunology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pia Nora Broxtermann
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute for Molecular Immunology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fabian Schorn
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute for Molecular Immunology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Paul Werthenbach
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute for Molecular Immunology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Michael Seeger
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute for Molecular Immunology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lars M Schiffmann
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute for Molecular Immunology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplant Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kerstin Brinkmann
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI) and Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Domagoj Vucic
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Tüting
- Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Mauch
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dagmar Kulms
- Department of Dermatology, Experimental Dermatology, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paola Zigrino
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute for Molecular Immunology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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3
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Subhramanyam CS, Cao Q, Wang C, Heng ZSL, Zhou Z, Hu Q. piRNAs Interact with Cold-Shock Domain-Containing RNA Binding Proteins and Regulate Neuronal Gene Expression During Differentiation. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:1285-1300. [PMID: 34982407 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
piRNAs (PIWI-interacting RNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) abundantly expressed in germline cells and involved in suppressing the transposon activity. Interestingly, recent studies have found piRNA expression in the central nervous system (CNS), yet the underlying biological significance remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the expression and function of piRNAs during the retinoic acid (RA)-mediated neuronal differentiation in NT2 cells, a human embryonal carcinoma cell line. We identified a cohort of differentially expressed piRNAs by microarray. Two piRNAs, DQ582359 and DQ596268, were increasingly upregulated during the RA-induced differentiation and involved in regulating the expression of neuronal markers, MAP2 and TUBB3. Furthermore, these piRNAs were found to associate with cold-shock domain (CSD)-containing RNA binding proteins, DIS3, DIS3L2, and YB-1. Markedly, overexpression of these piRNAs further enhanced the protein levels of MAP2 and TUBB3, potentially by downregulating DIS3, DIS3L2, and YB-1. Hence, our study has identified a novel somatic function of piRNAs in regulating neuronal gene expression. The interaction of piRNA with some CSD-containing proteins can be further explored to enhance neuronal differentiation to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiong Cao
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Zealyn Shi-Lin Heng
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Zhihong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Qidong Hu
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117594, Singapore.
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4
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Sharma AK, Nymark M, Flo S, Sparstad T, Bones AM, Winge P. Simultaneous knockout of multiple LHCF genes using single sgRNAs and engineering of a high-fidelity Cas9 for precise genome editing in marine algae. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:1658-1669. [PMID: 33759354 PMCID: PMC8384595 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system is an RNA-guided sequence-specific genome editing tool, which has been adopted for single or multiple gene editing in a wide range of organisms. When working with gene families with functional redundancy, knocking out multiple genes within the same family may be required to generate a phenotype. In this study, we tested the possibility of exploiting the known tolerance of Cas9 for mismatches between the single-guide RNA (sgRNA) and target site to simultaneously introduce indels in multiple homologous genes in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. As a proof of concept, we designed two sgRNAs that could potentially target the same six light-harvesting complex (LHC) genes belonging to the LHCF subgroup. Mutations in up to five genes were achieved simultaneously using a previously established CRISPR/Cas9 system for P. tricornutum. A visible colour change was observed in knockout mutants with multiple LHCF lesions. A combination of pigment, LHCF protein and growth analyses was used to further investigate the phenotypic differences between the multiple LHCF mutants and WT. Furthermore, we used the two same sgRNAs in combination with a variant of the existing Cas9 where four amino acids substitutions had been introduced that previously have been shown to increase Cas9 specificity. A significant reduction of off-target editing events was observed, indicating that the altered Cas9 functioned as a high-fidelity (HiFi) Cas9 nuclease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K. Sharma
- Cell, Molecular Biology and Genomics GroupDepartment of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyNTNUTrondheimNorway
- Present address:
The University Centre in SvalbardUNISLongyearbyenNorway
| | - Marianne Nymark
- Cell, Molecular Biology and Genomics GroupDepartment of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyNTNUTrondheimNorway
| | - Snorre Flo
- Cell, Molecular Biology and Genomics GroupDepartment of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyNTNUTrondheimNorway
| | - Torfinn Sparstad
- Cell, Molecular Biology and Genomics GroupDepartment of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyNTNUTrondheimNorway
| | - Atle M. Bones
- Cell, Molecular Biology and Genomics GroupDepartment of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyNTNUTrondheimNorway
| | - Per Winge
- Cell, Molecular Biology and Genomics GroupDepartment of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyNTNUTrondheimNorway
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5
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Jiao L, Eickhoff R, Egners A, Jumpertz S, Roth J, Erdem M, Kroh A, Duimel H, López-Iglesias C, Caro P, Heij LR, Schmeding M, Meierhofer D, Neumann UP, Cramer T. Deletion of mTOR in liver epithelial cells enhances hepatic metastasis of colon cancer. J Pathol 2021; 255:270-284. [PMID: 34309874 DOI: 10.1002/path.5768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is frequently found in cancer, but mTOR inhibitors have thus far failed to demonstrate significant antiproliferative efficacy in the majority of cancer types. Besides cancer cell-intrinsic resistance mechanisms, it is conceivable that mTOR inhibitors impact on non-malignant host cells in a manner that ultimately supports resistance of cancer cells. Against this background, we sought to analyze the functional consequences of mTOR inhibition in hepatocytes for the growth of metastatic colon cancer. To this end, we established liver epithelial cell (LEC)-specific knockout (KO) of mTOR (mTORLEC ) mice. We used these mice to characterize the growth of colorectal liver metastases with or without partial hepatectomy to model different clinical settings. Although the LEC-specific loss of mTOR remained without effect on metastasis growth in intact liver, partial liver resection resulted in the formation of larger metastases in mTORLEC mice compared with wildtype controls. This was accompanied by significantly enhanced inflammatory activity in LEC-specific mTOR KO livers after partial liver resection. Analysis of NF-ĸB target gene expression and immunohistochemistry of p65 displayed a significant activation of NF-ĸB in mTORLEC mice, suggesting a functional importance of this pathway for the observed inflammatory phenotype. Taken together, we show an unexpected acceleration of liver metastases upon deletion of mTOR in LECs. Our results support the notion that non-malignant host cells can contribute to resistance against mTOR inhibitors and encourage testing whether anti-inflammatory drugs are able to improve the efficacy of mTOR inhibitors for cancer therapy. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Jiao
- Department of General, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roman Eickhoff
- Department of General, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Antje Egners
- Department of General, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sandra Jumpertz
- Department of General, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johanna Roth
- Department of General, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Merve Erdem
- Department of General, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kroh
- Department of General, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans Duimel
- Microscopy Core Lab, FHML and M4I Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen López-Iglesias
- Microscopy Core Lab, FHML and M4I Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pilar Caro
- Department of General, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lara R Heij
- Department of General, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Pathology, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schmeding
- Department of General, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Ulf P Neumann
- Department of General, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,ESCAM - European Surgery Center Aachen Maastricht, Aachen, Germany.,ESCAM - European Surgery Center Aachen Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Thorsten Cramer
- Department of General, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,ESCAM - European Surgery Center Aachen Maastricht, Aachen, Germany.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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6
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Liu H, Sarkar S, Azzopardi K, Day S, Yeow S, Ranganathan S, Sutton P. A bacterial stimulation assay for bronchoalveolar lavage immune cells from young children with cystic fibrosis. Scand J Immunol 2021; 94:e13040. [PMID: 33759233 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is primarily a progressive lung disease, characterized by chronic pulmonary infections with opportunistic pathogens. Such infections typically commence early in life, producing an inflammatory response marked by IL-8 chemokine production and neutrophilic infiltration, major contributory factors in CF progression. Studying this inflammation, especially early in life, is critical for developing new strategies for preventing or slowing disruption to the structural integrity of the CF airways. However, evaluating the immune responses of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from children with CF faces technical challenges, including contamination carried from the lung due to pre-existing infections and low cell number availability. Here, we describe a technique for preparing BAL cells from young children with CF and using those cells in a bacterial stimulation assay. Initial antibiotic treatment proved essential for preventing resident bacteria from overgrowing BAL cell cultures, or non-specifically activating the cells. ACTB, identified as an optimal reference gene, was validated for accurate analysis of gene expression in these cells. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were used as bacterial stimulants to evaluate the immune response of BAL cells from young children with CF. Addition of gentamicin prevented bacterial overgrowth, although if added after 3 hours of culture an extremely variable response resulted, with the bacteria causing a suppressive effect in some cultures. Addition of gentamicin after 1 hour of culture completely prevented this suppressive effect. This technique was then able to reproducibly measure the IL-8 response to stimulation with S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, including co-stimulation with both bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipei Liu
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sohinee Sarkar
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Kristy Azzopardi
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Sophie Day
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Serene Yeow
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Sarath Ranganathan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Philip Sutton
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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7
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Gawroński P, Burdiak P, Scharff LB, Mielecki J, Górecka M, Zaborowska M, Leister D, Waszczak C, Karpiński S. CIA2 and CIA2-LIKE are required for optimal photosynthesis and stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:619-638. [PMID: 33119927 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling is essential for cell function, acclimation to fluctuating environmental conditions, plant growth and development. The vast majority of chloroplast proteins are nuclear-encoded, and must be imported into the organelle after synthesis in the cytoplasm. This import is essential for the development of fully functional chloroplasts. On the other hand, functional chloroplasts act as sensors of environmental changes and can trigger acclimatory responses that influence nuclear gene expression. Signaling via mobile transcription factors (TFs) has been recently recognized as a way of communication between organelles and the nucleus. In this study, we performed a targeted reverse genetic screen to identify dual-localized TFs involved in chloroplast retrograde signaling during stress responses. We found that CHLOROPLAST IMPORT APPARATUS 2 (CIA2) has a functional plastid transit peptide, and can be located both in chloroplasts and the nucleus. Further, we found that CIA2, along with its homolog CIA2-like (CIL) are involved in the regulation of Arabidopsis responses to UV-AB, high light and heat shock. Finally, our results suggest that both CIA2 and CIL are crucial for chloroplast translation. Our results contribute to a deeper understanding of signaling events in the chloroplast-nucleus cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gawroński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
| | - Paweł Burdiak
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
| | - Lars B Scharff
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Jakub Mielecki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
| | - Magdalena Górecka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, Warsaw, 02-106, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zaborowska
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhadernerstraße 2-4, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Cezary Waszczak
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
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8
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Mota TR, de Souza WR, Oliveira DM, Martins PK, Sampaio BL, Vinecky F, Ribeiro AP, Duarte KE, Pacheco TF, Monteiro NDKV, Campanha RB, Marchiosi R, Vieira DS, Kobayashi AK, Molinari PADO, Ferrarese-Filho O, Mitchell RAC, Molinari HBC, Dos Santos WD. Suppression of a BAHD acyltransferase decreases p-coumaroyl on arabinoxylan and improves biomass digestibility in the model grass Setaria viridis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:136-150. [PMID: 33111398 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Grass cell walls have hydroxycinnamic acids attached to arabinosyl residues of arabinoxylan (AX), and certain BAHD acyltransferases are involved in their addition. In this study, we characterized one of these BAHD genes in the cell wall of the model grass Setaria viridis. RNAi silenced lines of S. viridis (SvBAHD05) presented a decrease of up to 42% of ester-linked p-coumarate (pCA) and 50% of pCA-arabinofuranosyl, across three generations. Biomass from SvBAHD05 silenced plants exhibited up to 32% increase in biomass saccharification after acid pre-treatment, with no change in total lignin. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that SvBAHD05 is a p-coumaroyl coenzyme A transferase (PAT) mainly involved in the addition of pCA to the arabinofuranosyl residues of AX in Setaria. Thus, our results provide evidence of p-coumaroylation of AX promoted by SvBAHD05 acyltransferase in the cell wall of the model grass S. viridis. Furthermore, SvBAHD05 is a promising biotechnological target to engineer crops for improved biomass digestibility for biofuels, biorefineries and animal feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thatiane R Mota
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Wagner R de Souza
- Embrapa Agroenergy, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, 09606-045, Brazil
| | - Dyoni M Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Norberto de K V Monteiro
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
- Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760, Brazil
| | | | - Rogério Marchiosi
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Davi S Vieira
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rowan A C Mitchell
- Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
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9
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Salehi S, Tavabie OD, Verma S, McPhail MJW, Farzaneh F, Bernal W, Menon K, Agarwal K, Aluvihare VR. Serum MicroRNA Signatures in Recovery From Acute and Chronic Liver Injury and Selection for Liver Transplantation. Liver Transpl 2020; 26:811-822. [PMID: 32297687 DOI: 10.1002/lt.25781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated a distinct hepatic microRNA (miRNA) signature (down-regulation of miRNA-23a, -150, - 200b, -503, and -663 and up-regulation of miRNA-20a) is associated with successful regeneration in auxiliary liver transplantation (ALT). This study aimed to evaluate whether the serum expression of this regeneration-linked miRNA signature is associated with clinical outcomes in acute and chronic liver disease. These were represented by patients with acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure (ALF; n = 18) and patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) undergoing treatment with direct-acting antivirals (n = 56), respectively. Patients were grouped depending on their clinical outcome. Global serum miRNA expression was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arrays and selected miRNA expression using targeted PCR. We demonstrate that specific regeneration-linked miRNAs discriminate outcomes in both clinical scenarios. We further show that miRNA-20a, -23a, -150, -200b, -503, and -663 undergo concordant changes in expression in 3 distinct clinical settings: liver regeneration accompanying successful ALT, clinical recovery after ALF, and clinical recompensation after cure of HCV. This miRNA signature represents a potentially novel biomarker to predict outcome and optimize patient selection for liver transplantation in both acute and chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Salehi
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver D Tavabie
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suman Verma
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J W McPhail
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Farzin Farzaneh
- Department of Haematological Medicine, The Rayne Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - William Bernal
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Krish Menon
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kosh Agarwal
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Varuna R Aluvihare
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Liu S, Huang H, Yi X, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Zhang C, Fan C, Zhou Y. Dissection of genetic architecture for glucosinolate accumulations in leaves and seeds of Brassica napus by genome-wide association study. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:1472-1484. [PMID: 31820843 PMCID: PMC7206990 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs), whose degradation products have been shown to be increasingly important for human health and plant defence, compose important secondary metabolites found in the order Brassicales. It is highly desired to enhance pest and disease resistance by increasing the leaf GSL content while keeping the content low in seeds of Brassica napus, one of the most important oil crops worldwide. Little is known about the regulation of GSL accumulation in the leaves. We quantified the levels of 9 different GSLs and 15 related traits in the leaves of 366 accessions and found that the seed and leaf GSL content were highly correlated (r = 0.79). A total of 78 loci were associated with GSL traits, and five common and eleven tissue-specific associated loci were related to total leaf and seed GSL content. Thirty-six candidate genes were inferred to be involved in GSL biosynthesis. The candidate gene BnaA03g40190D (BnaA3.MYB28) was validated by DNA polymorphisms and gene expression analysis. This gene was responsible for high leaf/low seed GSL content and could explain 30.62% of the total leaf GSL variation in the low seed GSL panel and was not fixed during double-low rapeseed breeding. Our results provide new insights into the genetic basis of GSL variation in leaves and seeds and may facilitate the metabolic engineering of GSLs and the breeding of high leaf/low seed GSL content in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsOil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Huibin Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xinqi Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qingyong Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural BioinformaticsCollege of InformaticsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chuchuan Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yongming Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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11
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Subhramanyam CS, Cao Q, Wang C, Heng ZSL, Zhou Z, Hu Q. Role of PIWI-like 4 in modulating neuronal differentiation from human embryonal carcinoma cells. RNA Biol 2020; 17:1613-1624. [PMID: 32372724 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1757896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PIWI homologs constitute a subclass of the Argonaute family. Traditionally, they have been shown to associate with a specific class of small RNAs, piRNAs, to suppress transposable elements and protect genomic integrity in germ cells. Recent studies imply that PIWI proteins may also exert important biological functions in somatic contexts, including the brain. However, their exact role in neural development remains unknown. Hence we investigated whether PIWI proteins are involved in neuronal differentiation. By using an established cell model for studying neurogenesis, NTera2/D1 (NT2) cells, we found that a particular PIWI homolog, PIWIL4 was increasingly upregulated throughout the course of all-trans retinoic acid (RA)-mediated neuronal differentiation. During this process, PIWIL4 knockdown led to partial recovery of embryonic stem cell markers, while suppressing RA-induced expression of neuronal markers. Consistently, PIWIL4 overexpression further elevated their expression levels. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation revealed an RA-induced interaction between PIWIL4 and the H3K27me3 demethylase UTX. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that this interaction could be essential for the removal of H3K27me3 from the promoters of RA-inducible genes. By a similar mechanism, PIWIL4 knockdown also suppressed the expression of PTN and NLGN3, two important neuronal factors secreted to regulate glioma activity. We further noted that the conditioned medium collected from PIWIL4-silenced NT2 cells significantly reduced the proliferation of glioma cells. Thus, our data suggest a novel somatic role of PIWIL4 in modulating the expression of neuronal genes that can be further characterized to promote neuronal differentiation and to modulate the activity of glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiong Cao
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Zealyn Shi Lin Heng
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Zhihong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Qidong Hu
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
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12
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van Westering TLE, Lomonosova Y, Coenen-Stass AML, Betts CA, Bhomra A, Hulsker M, Clark LE, McClorey G, Aartsma-Rus A, van Putten M, Wood MJA, Roberts TC. Uniform sarcolemmal dystrophin expression is required to prevent extracellular microRNA release and improve dystrophic pathology. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:578-593. [PMID: 31849191 PMCID: PMC7113513 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal muscle-wasting disorder caused by genetic loss of dystrophin protein. Extracellular microRNAs (ex-miRNAs) are putative, minimally invasive biomarkers of DMD. Specific ex-miRNAs (e.g. miR-1, miR-133a, miR-206, and miR-483) are highly up-regulated in the serum of DMD patients and dystrophic animal models and are restored to wild-type levels following exon skipping-mediated dystrophin rescue in mdx mice. As such, ex-miRNAs are promising pharmacodynamic biomarkers of exon skipping efficacy. Here, we aimed to determine the degree to which ex-miRNA levels reflect the underlying level of dystrophin protein expression in dystrophic muscle. METHODS Candidate ex-miRNA biomarker levels were investigated in mdx mice in which dystrophin was restored with peptide-PMO (PPMO) exon skipping conjugates and in mdx-XistΔhs mice that express variable amounts of dystrophin from birth as a consequence of skewed X-chromosome inactivation. miRNA profiling was performed in mdx-XistΔhs mice using the FirePlex methodology and key results validated by small RNA TaqMan RT-qPCR. The muscles from each animal model were further characterized by dystrophin western blot and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS The restoration of ex-myomiR abundance observed following PPMO treatment was not recapitulated in the high dystrophin-expressing mdx-XistΔhs group, despite these animals expressing similar amounts of total dystrophin protein (~37% of wild-type levels). Instead, ex-miRNAs were present at high levels in mdx-XistΔhs mice regardless of dystrophin expression. PPMO-treated muscles exhibited a uniform pattern of dystrophin localization and were devoid of regenerating fibres, whereas mdx-XistΔhs muscles showed non-homogeneous dystrophin staining and sporadic regenerating foci. CONCLUSIONS Uniform dystrophin expression is required to prevent ex-miRNA release, stabilize myofiber turnover, and attenuate pathology in dystrophic muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirsa L E van Westering
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Yulia Lomonosova
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna M L Coenen-Stass
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Corinne A Betts
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Amarjit Bhomra
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Margriet Hulsker
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lucy E Clark
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Graham McClorey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Annemieke Aartsma-Rus
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike van Putten
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas C Roberts
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, La Jolla, CA, USA
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13
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Steuer AE, Stewart JC, Barker VD, Adams AA, Nielsen MK. Cytokine and goblet cell gene expression in equine cyathostomin infection and larvicidal anthelmintic therapy. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12709. [PMID: 32145074 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The role of the immune response to cyathostomin infections in horses remains unknown. Intestinal goblet cell hyperplasia has previously been noted as a component in cyathostomin infection; however, the function is unclear. The goal of this study was to evaluate the local and systemic gene expression to cyathostomin infections following larvicidal treatment and explore their relation to goblet cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-six ponies with naturally acquired cyathostomin infections were randomly allocated into three groups: fenbendazole-treated (10 mg/kg PO 5 days), moxidectin-treated (0.4 mg/kg PO once) and untreated control. Whole blood from all horses was collected weekly, and tissue samples from the large intestine collected during necropsy at 2 and 5 weeks post-treatment (WPT). Gene expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-22, IFN-γ, resistin-like molecule beta (RELM-β), Mucin 2 (MUC2) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α was measured using qRT-PCR. There were statistically significant linear correlations between luminal worm burdens and MUC2 (r = -.2358) and RELM-β (r = -.2261). CONCLUSION This suggests an active role of immune system post-treatment in parasite expulsion, specifically in goblet cells, and that the organs respond differently to treatment and the larvae themselves. This may have implications in the disease process and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Steuer
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Virginia D Barker
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Amanda A Adams
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Martin K Nielsen
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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14
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Zhao J, Wang S, Qin J, Sun C, Liu F. The lipid transfer protein OsLTPL159 is involved in cold tolerance at the early seedling stage in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:756-769. [PMID: 31469486 PMCID: PMC7004919 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) play critical roles in plant development and response to abiotic stresses. Here, we found that a rice lipid transfer protein, OsLTPL159, was associated with cold tolerance at the early seedling stage. Overexpression of an OsLTPL159IL112 allele from the cold-tolerant introgression line IL112 in either the japonica variety Zhonghua17 (ZH17) or the indica variety Teqing background dramatically enhanced cold tolerance. In addition, down-regulation of the expression of OsLTPL159 in the japonica variety ZH17 by RNA interference (RNAi) significantly decreased cold tolerance. Further transcriptomic, physiological and histological analysis showed that the OsLTPL159IL112 allele likely enhanced the cold tolerance of rice at the early seedling stage by decreasing the toxic effect of reactive oxygen species, enhancing cellulose deposition in the cell wall and promoting osmolyte accumulation, thereby maintaining the integrity of the chloroplasts. Notably, overexpression of another allele, OsLTPL159GC2 , from the recipient parent Guichao 2 (GC2), an indica variety, did not improve cold tolerance, indicating that the variations in the OsLTPL159 coding region of GC2 might disrupt its function for cold tolerance. Further sequence comparison found that all 22 japonica varieties surveyed had an OsLTPL159 haplotype identical to IL112 and were more cold-tolerant than the surveyed indica varieties, implying that the variations in OsLTPL159 might be associated with differential cold tolerance of japonica and indica rice. Therefore, our findings suggest that the OsLTPL159 allele of japonica rice could be used to improve cold tolerance of indica rice through a molecular breeding strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryNational Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice)MOE Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and UtilizationBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementDepartment of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shanshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryNational Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice)MOE Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and UtilizationBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementDepartment of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jingjing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryNational Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice)MOE Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and UtilizationBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementDepartment of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chuanqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryNational Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice)MOE Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and UtilizationBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementDepartment of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Fengxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryNational Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice)MOE Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and UtilizationBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementDepartment of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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15
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Labudda M, Różańska E, Prabucka B, Muszyńska E, Marecka D, Kozak M, Dababat AA, Sobczak M. Activity profiling of barley vacuolar processing enzymes provides new insights into the plant and cyst nematode interaction. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2020; 21:38-52. [PMID: 31605455 PMCID: PMC6913211 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Vacuolar processing enzymes (VPEs) play an important role during regular growth and development and defence responses. Despite substantial attempts to understand the molecular basis of plant-cyst nematode interaction, the mechanism of VPEs functioning during this interaction remains unknown. The second-stage Heterodera filipjevi juvenile penetrates host roots and induces the formation of a permanent feeding site called a syncytium. To investigate whether infection with H. filipjevi alters plant host VPEs, the studies were performed in Hordeum vulgare roots and leaves on the day of inoculation and at 7, 14 and 21 days post-inoculation (dpi). Implementing molecular, biochemical and microscopic methods we identified reasons for modulation of barley VPE activity during interaction with H. filipjevi. Heterodera filipjevi parasitism caused a general decrease of VPE activity in infected roots, but live imaging of VPEs showed that their activity is up-regulated in syncytia at 7 and 14 dpi and down-regulated at 21 dpi. These findings were accompanied by tissue-specific VPE gene expression patterns. Expression of the barley cystatin HvCPI-4 gene was stimulated in leaves but diminished in roots upon infestation. External application of cyclotides that can be produced naturally by VPEs elicits in pre-parasitic juveniles vesiculation of their body, enhanced formation of granules, induction of exploratory behaviour (stylet thrusts and head movements), production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and final death by methuosis. Taken together, down-regulation of VPE activity through nematode effectors promotes the nematode invasion rates and leads to avoidance of the induction of the plant proteolytic response and death of the invading juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Labudda
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of BiologyWarsaw University of Life Sciences‐SGGWWarsawPoland
| | - Elżbieta Różańska
- Department of Botany, Institute of BiologyWarsaw University of Life Sciences‐SGGWWarsawPoland
| | - Beata Prabucka
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of BiologyWarsaw University of Life Sciences‐SGGWWarsawPoland
| | - Ewa Muszyńska
- Department of Botany, Institute of BiologyWarsaw University of Life Sciences‐SGGWWarsawPoland
| | - Dorota Marecka
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of BiologyWarsaw University of Life Sciences‐SGGWWarsawPoland
| | - Marcin Kozak
- Department of Botany, Institute of BiologyWarsaw University of Life Sciences‐SGGWWarsawPoland
| | - Abdelfattah A. Dababat
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)Soil Borne Pathogens ProgramP.K. 39 Emek06511AnkaraTurkey
| | - Mirosław Sobczak
- Department of Botany, Institute of BiologyWarsaw University of Life Sciences‐SGGWWarsawPoland
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16
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Zhao Q, Wu J, Cai G, Yang Q, Shahid M, Fan C, Zhang C, Zhou Y. A novel quantitative trait locus on chromosome A9 controlling oleic acid content in Brassica napus. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:2313-2324. [PMID: 31037811 PMCID: PMC6835171 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important goals in the breeding of oilseed crops, including Brassica napus, is to improve the quality of edible vegetable oil, which is mainly determined by the seed fatty acid composition, particularly the C18:1 content. Previous studies have indicated that the C18:1 content is a polygenic trait, and no stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) except for FAD2 have been reported. By performing a GWAS using 375 low erucic acid B. napus accessions genotyped with the Brassica 60K SNP array and constructing a high-density SNP-based genetic map of a 150 DH population, we identified a novel QTL on the A9 chromosome. The novel locus could explain 11.25%, 5.72% and 6.29% of phenotypic variation during three consecutive seasons and increased the C18:1 content by approximately 3%-5%. By fine mapping and gene expression analysis, we found three potential candidate genes and verified the fatty acids in a homologous gene mutant of Arabidopsis. A metal ion-binding protein was found to be the most likely candidate gene in the region. Thus, the C18:1 content can be further increased to about 80% with this novel locus together with FAD2 mutant allele without compromise of agronomic performance. A closely linked marker, BnA129, for this novel QTL (OLEA9) was developed so that we can effectively identify materials with high C18:1 content at an early growth stage by marker-assisted selection. Our results may also provide new insight for understanding the complex genetic mechanism of fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Jian Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- Present address:
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and PhysiologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009JiangsuChina
| | - Guangqin Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Qingyong Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural BioinformaticsCollege of InformaticsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Chuchuan Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Yongming Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
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17
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Feike D, Korolev AV, Soumpourou E, Murakami E, Reid D, Breakspear A, Rogers C, Radutoiu S, Stougaard J, Harwood WA, Oldroyd GED, Miller J. Characterizing standard genetic parts and establishing common principles for engineering legume and cereal roots. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:2234-2245. [PMID: 31022324 PMCID: PMC6835126 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant synthetic biology and cereal engineering depend on the controlled expression of transgenes of interest. Most engineering in plant species to date has relied heavily on the use of a few, well-established constitutive promoters to achieve high levels of expression; however, the levels of transgene expression can also be influenced by the use of codon optimization, intron-mediated enhancement and varying terminator sequences. Most of these alternative approaches for regulating transgene expression have only been tested in small-scale experiments, typically testing a single gene of interest. It is therefore difficult to interpret the relative importance of these approaches and to design engineering strategies that are likely to succeed in different plant species, particularly if engineering multigenic traits where the expression of each transgene needs to be precisely regulated. Here, we present data on the characterization of 46 promoters and 10 terminators in Medicago truncatula, Lotus japonicus, Nicotiana benthamiana and Hordeum vulgare, as well as the effects of codon optimization and intron-mediated enhancement on the expression of two transgenes in H. vulgare. We have identified a core set of promoters and terminators of relevance to researchers engineering novel traits in plant roots. In addition, we have shown that combining codon optimization and intron-mediated enhancement increases transgene expression and protein levels in barley. Based on our study, we recommend a core set of promoters and terminators for broad use and also propose a general set of principles and guidelines for those engineering cereal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Feike
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- Present address:
EMBL HeidelbergMeyerhofstraße 169117HeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Eleni Soumpourou
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- Present address:
Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of Cambridge47 Bateman StreetCambridgeCB2 1LRUK
| | - Eiichi Murakami
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Present address:
GRA&GREEN Inc., Incubation Center 106Nagoya UniversityFuro‐cho, Chikusa‐kuNagoya464‐0814Japan
| | - Dugald Reid
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | | | - Christian Rogers
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- Present address:
Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of Cambridge47 Bateman StreetCambridgeCB2 1LRUK
| | - Simona Radutoiu
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | | | - Giles E. D. Oldroyd
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- Present address:
Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of Cambridge47 Bateman StreetCambridgeCB2 1LRUK
| | - J. Benjamin Miller
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East Anglia, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
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18
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Niephaus E, Müller B, van Deenen N, Lassowskat I, Bonin M, Finkemeier I, Prüfer D, Schulze Gronover C. Uncovering mechanisms of rubber biosynthesis in Taraxacum koksaghyz - role of cis-prenyltransferase-like 1 protein. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:591-609. [PMID: 31342578 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Russian dandelion Taraxacum koksaghyz synthesizes considerable amounts of high-molecular-weight rubber in its roots. The characterization of factors that participate in natural rubber biosynthesis is fundamental for the establishment of T. koksaghyz as a rubber crop. The cis-1,4-isoprene polymers are stored in rubber particles. Located at the particle surface, the rubber transferase complex, member of the cis-prenyltransferase (cisPT) enzyme family, catalyzes the elongation of the rubber chains. An active rubber transferase heteromer requires a cisPT subunit (CPT) as well as a CPT-like subunit (CPTL), of which T. koksaghyz has two homologous forms: TkCPTL1 and TkCPTL2, which potentially associate with the rubber transferase complex. Knockdown of TkCPTL1, which is predominantly expressed in latex, led to abolished poly(cis-1,4-isoprene) synthesis but unaffected dolichol content, whereas levels of triterpenes and inulin were elevated in roots. Analyses of latex from these TkCPTL1-RNAi plants revealed particles that were similar to native rubber particles regarding their particle size, phospholipid composition, and presence of small rubber particle proteins (SRPPs). We found that the particles encapsulated triterpenes in a phospholipid shell stabilized by SRPPs. Conversely, downregulating the low-expressed TkCPTL2 showed no altered phenotype, suggesting its protein function is redundant in T. koksaghyz. MS-based comparison of latex proteomes from TkCPTL1-RNAi plants and T. koksaghyz wild-types discovered putative factors that convert metabolites in biosynthetic pathways connected to isoprenoids or that synthesize components of the rubber particle shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Niephaus
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Münster, Germany
| | - Boje Müller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Münster, Germany
| | - Nicole van Deenen
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ines Lassowskat
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Bonin
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Iris Finkemeier
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Prüfer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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19
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Rosario R, Crichton JH, Stewart HL, Childs AJ, Adams IR, Anderson RA. Dazl determines primordial follicle formation through the translational regulation of Tex14. FASEB J 2019; 33:14221-14233. [PMID: 31659914 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901247r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Deleted in azoospermia-like (DAZL) is a germ cell RNA-binding protein that is essential for entry and progression through meiosis. The phenotype of the Dazl knockout mouse has extensive germ cell loss because of incomplete meiosis. We have created a Dazl hypomorph model using short interfering RNA knockdown in mouse fetal ovary cultures, allowing investigation of Dazl function in germ cell maturation. Dazl hypomorph ovaries had a phenotype of impaired germ cell nest breakdown with a 66% reduction in total follicle number and an increase in the proportion of primordial follicles (PMFs), with smaller oocytes within these follicles. There was no significant early germ cell loss or meiotic delay. Immunostaining of intercellular bridge component testis-expressed protein (Tex)14 showed ∼59% reduction in foci number and size, without any change in Tex14 mRNA levels. TEX14 expression was also confirmed in the human fetal ovary across gestation. Using 3'UTR-luciferase reporter assays, translational regulation of TEX14 was demonstrated to be DAZL-dependant. Dazl is therefore essential for normal intercellular bridges within germ cell nests and their timely breakdown, with a major impact on subsequent assembly of PMFs.-Rosario, R., Crichton, J. H., Stewart, H. L., Childs, A. J., Adams, I. R., Anderson, R. A. Dazl determines primordial follicle formation through the translational regulation of Tex14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseanne Rosario
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James H Crichton
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel L Stewart
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Childs
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Adams
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A Anderson
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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20
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Amato A, Cavallini E, Walker AR, Pezzotti M, Bliek M, Quattrocchio F, Koes R, Ruperti B, Bertini E, Zenoni S, Tornielli GB. The MYB5-driven MBW complex recruits a WRKY factor to enhance the expression of targets involved in vacuolar hyper-acidification and trafficking in grapevine. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:1220-1241. [PMID: 31125454 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of secondary metabolites and the regulation of tissue acidity contribute to the important traits of grape berry and influence plant performance in response to abiotic and biotic factors. In several plant species a highly conserved MYB-bHLH-WD (MBW) transcriptional regulatory complex controls flavonoid pigment synthesis and transport, and vacuolar acidification in epidermal cells. An additional component, represented by a WRKY-type transcription factor, physically interacts with the complex increasing the expression of some target genes and adding specificity for other targets. Here we investigated the function of MBW(W) complexes involving two MYBs (VvMYB5a and VvMYB5b) and the WRKY factor VvWRKY26 in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Using transgenic grapevine plants we showed that these complexes affected different aspects of morphology, plant development, pH regulation, and pigment accumulation. Transcriptomic analysis identified a core set of putative target genes controlled by VvMYB5a, VvMYB5b, and VvWRKY26 in different tissues. Our data indicated that VvWRKY26 enhances the expression of selected target genes induced by VvMYB5a/b. Among these targets are genes involved in vacuolar hyper-acidification, such as the P-type ATPases VvPH5 and VvPH1, and trafficking, and genes involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids. In addition, VvWRKY26 is recruited specifically by VvMYB5a, reflecting the functional diversification of VvMYB5a and VvMYB5b. The expression of MBWW complexes in vegetative organs, such as leaves, indicates a possible function of vacuolar hyper-acidification in the repulsion of herbivores and/or in developmental processes, as shown by defects in transgenic grape plants where the complex is inactivated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Amato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Erika Cavallini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Amanda R Walker
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mario Pezzotti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mattijs Bliek
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090GE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Francesca Quattrocchio
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090GE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald Koes
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090GE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Benedetto Ruperti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bertini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Zenoni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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21
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Lee C, Kim SJ, Jin S, Susila H, Youn G, Nasim Z, Alavilli H, Chung KS, Yoo SJ, Ahn JH. Genetic interactions reveal the antagonistic roles of FT/TSF and TFL1 in the determination of inflorescence meristem identity in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:452-464. [PMID: 30943325 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
During the transition to the reproductive phase, the shoot apical meristem switches from the developmental program that generates vegetative organs to instead produce flowers. In this study, we examined the genetic interactions of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)/TWIN SISTER OF FT (TSF) and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) in the determination of inflorescence meristem identity in Arabidopsis thaliana. The ft-10 tsf-1 mutants produced a compact inflorescence surrounded by serrated leaves (hyper-vegetative shoot) at the early bolting stage, as did plants overexpressing TFL1. Plants overexpressing FT or TSF (or both FT and TFL1) generated a terminal flower, as did tfl1-20 mutants. The terminal flower formed in tfl1-20 mutants converted to a hyper-vegetative shoot in ft-10 tsf-1 mutants. Grafting ft-10 tsf-1 or ft-10 tsf-1 tfl1-20 mutant scions to 35S::FT rootstock plants produced a normal inflorescence and a terminal flower in the scion plants, respectively, although both scions showed similar early flowering. Misexpression of FT in the vasculature and in the shoot apex in wild-type plants generated a normal inflorescence and a terminal flower, respectively. By contrast, in ft-10 tsf-1 mutants the vasculature-specific misexpression of FT converted the hyper-vegetative shoot to a normal inflorescence, and in the ft-10 tsf-1 tfl1-20 mutants converted the shoot to a terminal flower. TFL1 levels did not affect the inflorescence morphology caused by FT/TSF overexpression at the early bolting stage. Taking these results together, we proposed that FT/TSF and TFL1 play antagonistic roles in the determination of inflorescence meristem identity, and that FT/TSF are more important than TFL1 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunghee Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Suhyun Jin
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Hendry Susila
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Geummin Youn
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Zeeshan Nasim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Hemasundar Alavilli
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Seong Jeon Yoo
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Ahn
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
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22
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Mienaltowski MJ, Cánovas A, Fates VA, Hampton AR, Pechanec MY, Islas-Trejo A, Medrano JF. Transcriptome profiles of isolated murine Achilles tendon proper- and peritenon-derived progenitor cells. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1409-1418. [PMID: 29926971 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Progenitor cells of the tendon proper and peritenon have unique properties that could impact their utilization in tendon repair strategies. While a few markers have been found to aid in distinguishing progenitors cells from each region, there is great value in identifying more markers. In this study, we hypothesized that RNAseq could be used to improve our understanding of those markers that define these cell types. Transcriptome profiles were generated for pools of mouse Achilles tendon progenitor cells from both regions and catalogues of potential markers were generated. Moreover, common (e.g., glycoprotein, signaling, and proteinaceous extracellular matrix) and unique (e.g., cartilage development versus angiogenesis and muscle contraction) biological processes and molecular functions were described for progenitors from each region. Real-time quantitative PCR of a subset of genes was used to gain insight into the heterogeneity amongst individual progenitor colonies from each region. Markers like Scx, Mkx, Thbs4, and Wnt10a were consistently able to distinguish tendon proper progenitors from peritenon progenitors; expression variability for other genes suggested greater cell type complexity for potential peritenon progenitor markers. This is the first effort to define Achilles tendon progenitor markers by region. Further efforts to investigate the value of these cataloged markers are required by screening more individual colonies of progenitors for more markers. Clinical Significance: Findings from this study advance efforts in the discernment of cell type specific markers for tendon proper and peritenon progenitor cells; insight into marker sets could improve tracking and sorting strategies for these cells for future therapeutic strategies. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1409-1418, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Mienaltowski
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, 2251 Meyer Hall, One Shields Ave, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Angela Cánovas
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, 2251 Meyer Hall, One Shields Ave, Davis, California, 95616.,Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie A Fates
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, 2251 Meyer Hall, One Shields Ave, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Angela R Hampton
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, 2251 Meyer Hall, One Shields Ave, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Monica Y Pechanec
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, 2251 Meyer Hall, One Shields Ave, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Alma Islas-Trejo
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, 2251 Meyer Hall, One Shields Ave, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Juan F Medrano
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, 2251 Meyer Hall, One Shields Ave, Davis, California, 95616
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23
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Resa-Infante P, Bonet J, Thiele S, Alawi M, Stanelle-Bertram S, Tuku B, Beck S, Oliva B, Gabriel G. Alternative interaction sites in the influenza A virus nucleoprotein mediate viral escape from the importin-α7 mediated nuclear import pathway. FEBS J 2019; 286:3374-3388. [PMID: 31044563 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses are able to adapt to restrictive conditions due to their high mutation rates. Importin-α7 is a component of the nuclear import machinery required for avian-mammalian adaptation and replicative fitness in human cells. Here, we elucidate the mechanisms by which influenza A viruses may escape replicative restriction in the absence of importin-α7. To address this question, we assessed viral evolution in mice lacking the importin-α7 gene. We show that three mutations in particular occur with high frequency in the viral nucleoprotein (NP) protein (G102R, M105K and D375N) in a specific structural area upon in vivo adaptation. Moreover, our findings suggest that the adaptive NP mutations mediate viral escape from importin-α7 requirement likely due to the utilization of alternative interaction sites in NP beyond the classical nuclear localization signal. However, viral escape from importin-α7 by mutations in NP is, at least in part, associated with reduced viral replication highlighting the crucial contribution of importin-α7 to replicative fitness in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Resa-Infante
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jaume Bonet
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab (GRIB), Barcelona Research Park of Biomedicine (PRBB), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Swantje Thiele
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malik Alawi
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany.,Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | | | - Berfin Tuku
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Beck
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Baldo Oliva
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab (GRIB), Barcelona Research Park of Biomedicine (PRBB), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gülsah Gabriel
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hamburg, Germany
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24
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Adam EN, Janes J, Lowney R, Lambert J, Thampi P, Stromberg A, MacLeod JN. Chondrogenic differentiation potential of adult and fetal equine cell types. Vet Surg 2019; 48:375-387. [PMID: 30801754 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the chondrogenic potential of cells derived from interzone tissue, the normal progenitor of articular cartilage during fetal development, compared to that of adult bone marrow-derived and adipose-derived mesenchymal cell isolates. The objective of this study was to compare the chondrogenic potential of fetal musculoskeletal progenitor cells to adult cell types, which are currently used therapeutically to facilitate joint cartilage repair in equine clinical practice. The hypothesis tested was that cells derived from interzone tissue have a chondrogenic potential that exceeds that of adult bone marrow-derived and adipose-derived mesenchymal cell isolates. STUDY DESIGN In vitro study. ANIMALS Six young adult horses (15-17 months of age) and 6 equine fetuses aged 45-46 days of gestation. METHODS Three-dimensional pellet cultures were established under chondrogenic conditions with fresh, primary cells isolated from adult (articular cartilage, bone marrow, adipose, dermis) and fetal (interzone, skeletal anlagen cartilage, dermis) tissues. Cellular morphology, pellet architecture, and proteoglycan synthesis were assessed in the pellet cultures. Steady state levels of ACAN (aggrecan core protein), COL2A1 (collagen type II), and COL1A1 (collagen type I) messenger RNA (mRNA) were compared among these cell types as pellet cultures and monolayer cultures. RESULTS Adult articular chondrocytes, fetal interzone cells, and fetal anlage cells generated the largest pellets under these chondrogenic culture conditions. Pellets derived from adult articular chondrocytes and fetal anlage cells had the highest scores on a neocartilage grading scale. Fetal anlage and adult articular chondrocyte pellets had low steady-state levels of COL1A mRNA but high COL2A1 expression. Anlage chondrocyte pellets also had the highest expression of ACAN. CONCLUSION Adult articular chondrocytes, fetal interzone cells, and fetal anlage chondrocytes exhibited the highest chondrogenic potential. In this study, adult adipose-derived cells exhibited very limited chondrogenesis, and bone marrow-derived cells had limited and variable chondrogenic potential. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Additional investigation of the high chondrogenic potential of fetal interzone cells and anlage chondrocytes to advance cell-based therapies in diarthrodial joints is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma N Adam
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Jennifer Janes
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Rachael Lowney
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Joshua Lambert
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Parvathy Thampi
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - James N MacLeod
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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25
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Bañuelos CP, Levy GV, Níttolo AG, Roser LG, Tekiel V, Sánchez DO. The Trypanosoma brucei RNA-Binding Protein TbRRM1 is Involved in the Transcription of a Subset of RNA Pol II-Dependent Genes. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2019; 66:719-729. [PMID: 30730083 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been long thought that RNA Polymerase (Pol) II transcriptional regulation does not operate in trypanosomes. However, recent reports have suggested that these organisms could regulate RNA Pol II transcription by epigenetic mechanisms. In this paper, we investigated the role of TbRRM1 in transcriptional regulation of RNA Pol II-dependent genes by focusing both in genes located in a particular polycistronic transcription unit (PTU) and in the monocistronic units of the SL-RNA genes. We showed that TbRRM1 is recruited throughout the PTU, with a higher presence on genes than intergenic regions. However, its depletion leads both to the decrease of nascent RNA and to chromatin compaction only of regions located distal to the main transcription start site. These findings suggest that TbRRM1 facilitates the RNA Pol II transcriptional elongation step by collaborating to maintain an open chromatin state in particular regions of the genome. Interestingly, the SL-RNA genes do not recruit TbRRM1 and, after TbRRM1 knockdown, nascent SL-RNAs accumulate while the chromatin state of these regions remains unchanged. Although it was previously suggested that TbRRM1 could regulate RNA Pol II-driven genes, we provide here the first experimental evidence which involves TbRRM1 to transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina P Bañuelos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (IIB-UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela V Levy
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (IIB-UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía G Níttolo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (IIB-UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro G Roser
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (IIB-UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Tekiel
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (IIB-UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel O Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (IIB-UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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26
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Curcumin Induces Neural Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Embryonal Carcinoma Cells through the Activation of Autophagy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4378710. [PMID: 30800669 PMCID: PMC6360631 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4378710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a natural polyphenolic compound, isolated from Curcuma longa, and is an important ingredient of Asian foods. Curcumin has revealed its strong activities of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer. The efficient amount of curcumin could induce differentiation of stem cells and promoted the differentiation of glioma-initiating cells; however, the mechanisms underlying neural induction of curcumin have not yet been revealed. In this study, neural-inducing ability of curcumin was explored by using human pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells, NTERA2 cells. The cells were induced toward neural lineage with curcumin and were compared with a standard neutralizing agent (retinoic acid). It was found that, after 14 days of the induction by curcumin, NTERA2 cells showed neuronal morphology and expressed neural-specific genes, including NeuroD, TUJ1, and PAX6. Importantly, curcumin activated neurogenesis of NTERA2 cells via the activation of autophagy, since autophagy-related genes, such as LC3, LAMP1, and ATG5, were upregulated along with the expression of neural genes. The inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine suppressed both autophagy and neural differentiation, highlighting the positive role of autophagy during neural differentiation. This autophagy-mediated neural differentiation of curcumin was found to be an ROS-dependent manner; curcumin induced ROS generation and suppressed antioxidant gene expression. Altogether, this study proposed the neural-inducing activity of curcumin via the regulation of autophagy within NTERA2 cells and underscored the health beneficial effects of curcumin for neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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27
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Goncalves K, Przyborski S. The utility of stem cells for neural regeneration. Brain Neurosci Adv 2018; 2:2398212818818071. [PMID: 32166173 PMCID: PMC7058206 DOI: 10.1177/2398212818818071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of stem cells in biomedical research is an extremely active area of science. This is because they provide tools that can be used both in vivo and vitro to either replace cells lost in degenerative processes, or to model such diseases to elucidate their underlying mechanisms. This review aims to discuss the use of stem cells in terms of providing regeneration within the nervous system, which is particularly important as neurons of the central nervous system lack the ability to inherently regenerate and repair lost connections. As populations are ageing, incidence of neurodegenerative diseases are increasing, highlighting the need to better understand the regenerative capacity and many uses of stem cells in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Przyborski
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK.,Reprocell Europe, Sedgefield, UK
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28
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Arena A, Zimmer TS, van Scheppingen J, Korotkov A, Anink JJ, Mühlebner A, Jansen FE, van Hecke W, Spliet WG, van Rijen PC, Vezzani A, Baayen JC, Idema S, Iyer AM, Perluigi M, Mills JD, van Vliet EA, Aronica E. Oxidative stress and inflammation in a spectrum of epileptogenic cortical malformations: molecular insights into their interdependence. Brain Pathol 2018; 29:351-365. [PMID: 30303592 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) occurs in brains of patients with epilepsy and coincides with brain inflammation, and both phenomena contribute to seizure generation in animal models. We investigated whether expression of OS and brain inflammation markers co-occurred also in resected brain tissue of patients with epileptogenic cortical malformations: hemimegalencephaly (HME), focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) and cortical tubers in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Moreover, we studied molecular mechanisms linking OS and inflammation in an in vitro model of neuronal function. Untangling interdependency and underlying molecular mechanisms might pose new therapeutic strategies for treating patients with drug-resistant epilepsy of different etiologies. Immunohistochemistry was performed for specific OS markers xCT and iNOS and brain inflammation markers TLR4, COX-2 and NF-κB in cortical tissue derived from patients with HME, FCD IIa, IIb and TSC. Additionally, we studied gene expression of these markers using the human neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y in which OS was induced using H2 O2 . OS markers were higher in dysmorphic neurons and balloon/giant cells in cortex of patients with FCD IIb or TSC. Expression of OS markers was positively correlated to expression of brain inflammation markers. In vitro, 100 µM, but not 50 µM, of H2 O2 increased expression of TLR4, IL-1β and COX-2. We found that NF-κB signaling was activated only upon stimulation with 100 µM H2 O2 leading to upregulation of TLR4 signaling and IL-1β. The NF-κB inhibitor TPCA-1 completely reversed this effect. Our results show that OS positively correlates with neuroinflammation and is particularly evident in brain tissue of patients with FCD IIb and TSC. In vitro, NF-κB is involved in the switch to an inflammatory state after OS. We propose that the extent of OS can predict the neuroinflammatory state of the brain. Additionally, antioxidant treatments may prevent the switch to inflammation in neurons thus targeting multiple epileptogenic processes at once.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arena
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Till S Zimmer
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jackelien van Scheppingen
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anatoly Korotkov
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Anink
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Floor E Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim van Hecke
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim G Spliet
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter C van Rijen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rudolf Magnus Institute for Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annamaria Vezzani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Johannes C Baayen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Idema
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anand M Iyer
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - James D Mills
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), the Netherlands
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29
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Ling J, Li R, Nwafor CC, Cheng J, Li M, Xu Q, Wu J, Gan L, Yang Q, Liu C, Chen M, Zhou Y, Cahoon EB, Zhang C. Development of iFOX-hunting as a functional genomic tool and demonstration of its use to identify early senescence-related genes in the polyploid Brassica napus. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:591-602. [PMID: 28718508 PMCID: PMC5787830 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Functional genomic studies of many polyploid crops, including rapeseed (Brassica napus), are constrained by limited tool sets. Here we report development of a gain-of-function platform, termed 'iFOX (inducible Full-length cDNA OvereXpressor gene)-Hunting', for inducible expression of B. napus seed cDNAs in Arabidopsis. A Gateway-compatible plant gene expression vector containing a methoxyfenozide-inducible constitutive promoter for transgene expression was developed. This vector was used for cloning of random cDNAs from developing B. napus seeds and subsequent Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis. The inducible promoter of this vector enabled identification of genes upon induction that are otherwise lethal when constitutively overexpressed and to control developmental timing of transgene expression. Evaluation of a subset of the resulting ~6000 Arabidopsis transformants revealed a high percentage of lines with full-length B. napus transgene insertions. Upon induction, numerous iFOX lines with visible phenotypes were identified, including one that displayed early leaf senescence. Phenotypic analysis of this line (rsl-1327) after methoxyfenozide induction indicated high degree of leaf chlorosis. The integrated B. napuscDNA was identified as a homolog of an Arabidopsis acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP) gene designated BnACBP1-like. The early senescence phenotype conferred by BnACBP1-like was confirmed by constitutive expression of this gene in Arabidopsis and B. napus. Use of the inducible promoter in the iFOX line coupled with RNA-Seq analyses allowed mechanistic clues and a working model for the phenotype associated with BnACBP1-like expression. Our results demonstrate the utility of iFOX-Hunting as a tool for gene discovery and functional characterization of Brassica napus genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ling
- National Research Centre of Rapeseed Engineering and TechnologyCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Renjie Li
- National Research Centre of Rapeseed Engineering and TechnologyCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chinedu Charles Nwafor
- National Research Centre of Rapeseed Engineering and TechnologyCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of Crop ScienceBenson Idahosa UniversityBenin CityNigeria
| | - Junluo Cheng
- National Research Centre of Rapeseed Engineering and TechnologyCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Maoteng Li
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qing Xu
- National Research Centre of Rapeseed Engineering and TechnologyCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jian Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and PhysiologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Lu Gan
- National Research Centre of Rapeseed Engineering and TechnologyCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qingyong Yang
- National Research Centre of Rapeseed Engineering and TechnologyCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chao Liu
- National Research Centre of Rapeseed Engineering and TechnologyCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ming Chen
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Yongming Zhou
- National Research Centre of Rapeseed Engineering and TechnologyCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Edgar B. Cahoon
- National Research Centre of Rapeseed Engineering and TechnologyCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- National Research Centre of Rapeseed Engineering and TechnologyCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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30
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Haffner-Luntzer M, Kovtun A, Fischer V, Prystaz K, Hainzl A, Kroeger CM, Krikki I, Brinker TJ, Ignatius A, Gatzka M. Loss of p53 compensates osteopenia in murine Mysm1 deficiency. FASEB J 2018; 32:1957-1968. [PMID: 29203593 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700871r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Histone modifications critically contribute to the epigenetic orchestration of bone homeostasis-in part, by modifying the access of transcription factors to specific genes involved in the osteogenic differentiation process of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osteoblasts. Based on our previous finding that histone H2A deubiquitinase 2A-DUB/Mysm1 interacts with the p53 axis in hematopoiesis and tissue development, we analyzed the molecular basis of the skeletal phenotype of Mysm1-deficient mice and dissected the underlying p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Visible morphologic, skeletal deformations of young Mysm1-deficient mice-including a kinked and truncated tail and shortened long bones-were associated with osteopenia of long bones. On the cellular level, Mysm1-deficient primary osteoblasts displayed reduced potential to differentiate into mature osteoblasts, as indicated by decreased expression of osteogenic markers. Reduced osteogenic differentiation capacity of Mysm1-deficient osteoblasts was accompanied by an impaired induction of osteogenic transcription factor Runx2. Osteogenic differentiation of Mysm1-/- MSCs, however, was not compromised in vitro. In line with defective hematopoietic development of Mysm1-deficient mice, Mysm1-/- osteoclasts had reduced resorption activity and were more prone to apoptosis in TUNEL assays. Skeletal alterations and osteopenia of Mysm1-deficient mice were phenotypically completely rescued by simultaneous ablation of p53 in p53-/-Mysm1-/- double-deficient mice-although p53 deficiency did not restore Runx2 expression in Mysm1-/- osteoblasts on the molecular level but, instead, enhanced proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. In summary, our results demonstrate novel roles for Mysm1 in osteoblast differentiation and osteoclast formation, resulting in osteopenia in Mysm1-deficient mice that could be abrogated by the loss of p53 from increased osteogenic differentiation of Mysm1-/-p53-/- MSCs.-Haffner-Luntzer, M., Kovtun, A., Fischer, V., Prystaz, K., Hainzl, A., Kroeger, C. M., Krikki, I., Brinker, T. J., Ignatius, A., Gatzka, M. Loss of p53 compensates osteopenia in murine Mysm1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Trauma Research Centre, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Kovtun
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Trauma Research Centre, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Verena Fischer
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Trauma Research Centre, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katja Prystaz
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Trauma Research Centre, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Adelheid Hainzl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carsten M Kroeger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ioanna Krikki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Titus J Brinker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Trauma Research Centre, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martina Gatzka
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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31
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Ullah E, Wu D, Madireddy L, Lao R, Ling-Fung Tang P, Wan E, Bardakjian T, Kopinsky S, Kwok PY, Schneider A, Baranzini S, Ansar M, Slavotinek A. Two missense mutations in SALL4 in a patient with microphthalmia, coloboma, and optic nerve hypoplasia. Ophthalmic Genet 2017; 38:371-375. [PMID: 27661448 PMCID: PMC6238016 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2016.1217550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the genetic etiology of anophthalmia and microphthalmia, we used exome sequencing in a Caucasian female with unilateral microphthalmia and coloboma, bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia, ventricular and atrial septal defects, and growth delays. We found two sequence variants in SALL4 - c.[575C>A], predicting p.(Ala192Glu), that was paternally inherited, and c.[2053G>C], predicting p.(Asp685His), that was maternally inherited. Haploinsufficiency for SALL4 due to nonsense or frameshift mutations has been associated with acro-renal ocular syndrome that is characterized by eye defects including Duane anomaly and coloboma, in addition to radial ray malformations and renal abnormalities. Our report is the first description of structural eye defects associated with two missense variants in SALL4 inherited in trans; the absence of reported findings in both parents suggests that both sequence variants are hypomorphic mutations and that both are needed for the ocular phenotype. SALL4 is expressed in the developing lens and regulates BMP4, leading us to speculate that altered BMP4 expression was responsible for the eye defects, but we could not demonstrate altered BMP4 expression in vitro after using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to reduce SALL4 expression. We conclude that SALL4 hypomorphic variants may influence eye development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ullah
- a Department of Pediatrics , University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco , California , USA
- b Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - D Wu
- a Department of Pediatrics , University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco , California , USA
| | - L Madireddy
- c Department of Neurology , University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco , California , USA
| | - R Lao
- d Cardiovascular Research Institute , University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco , California , USA
| | - P Ling-Fung Tang
- d Cardiovascular Research Institute , University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco , California , USA
| | - E Wan
- d Cardiovascular Research Institute , University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco , California , USA
| | - T Bardakjian
- e Division of Medical Genetics , Einstein Healthcare Network , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - S Kopinsky
- e Division of Medical Genetics , Einstein Healthcare Network , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - P-Y Kwok
- d Cardiovascular Research Institute , University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco , California , USA
| | - A Schneider
- e Division of Medical Genetics , Einstein Healthcare Network , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - S Baranzini
- c Department of Neurology , University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco , California , USA
| | - M Ansar
- b Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - A Slavotinek
- a Department of Pediatrics , University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco , California , USA
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32
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Stewart R, Lako M, Horrocks GM, Przyborski SA. Neural Development by Transplanted Human Embryonal Carcinoma Stem Cells Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein. Cell Transplant 2017; 14:339-51. [PMID: 16180653 DOI: 10.3727/000000005783982945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years, researchers have investigated the fate and potential of neuroectodermal cells during the development of the central nervous system. Although several key factors that regulate neural differentiation have been identified, much remains unknown about the molecular mechanisms that control the fate and specification of neural subtypes, especially in humans. Human embryonal carcinoma (EC) stem cells are valuable research tools for the study of neural development; however, existing in vitro experiments are limited to inducing the differentiation of EC cells into only a handful of cell types. In this study, we developed and characterized a novel EC cell line (termed TERA2.cl.SP12-GFP) that carries the reporter molecule, green fluorescent protein (GFP). We demonstrate that TERA2.cl.SP12-GFP stem cells and their differentiated neural derivatives constitutively express GFP in cells grown both in vitro and in vivo. Cellular differentiation does not appear to be affected by insertion of the transgene. We propose that TERA2.cl.SP12-GFP cells provide a valuable research tool to track the fate of cells subsequent to transplantation into alternative environments and that this approach may be particularly useful to investigate the differentiation of human neural tissues in response to local environmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Stewart
- School of Biological and Biomedical Science, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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33
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Biedermann S, Harashima H, Chen P, Heese M, Bouyer D, Sofroni K, Schnittger A. The retinoblastoma homolog RBR1 mediates localization of the repair protein RAD51 to DNA lesions in Arabidopsis. EMBO J 2017; 36:1279-1297. [PMID: 28320735 PMCID: PMC5412766 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201694571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma protein (Rb), which typically functions as a transcriptional repressor of E2F‐regulated genes, represents a major control hub of the cell cycle. Here, we show that loss of the Arabidopsis Rb homolog RETINOBLASTOMA‐RELATED 1 (RBR1) leads to cell death, especially upon exposure to genotoxic drugs such as the environmental toxin aluminum. While cell death can be suppressed by reduced cell‐proliferation rates, rbr1 mutant cells exhibit elevated levels of DNA lesions, indicating a direct role of RBR1 in the DNA‐damage response (DDR). Consistent with its role as a transcriptional repressor, we find that RBR1 directly binds to and represses key DDR genes such as RADIATION SENSITIVE 51 (RAD51), leaving it unclear why rbr1 mutants are hypersensitive to DNA damage. However, we find that RBR1 is also required for RAD51 localization to DNA lesions. We further show that RBR1 is itself targeted to DNA break sites in a CDKB1 activity‐dependent manner and partially co‐localizes with RAD51 at damage sites. Taken together, these results implicate RBR1 in the assembly of DNA‐bound repair complexes, in addition to its canonical function as a transcriptional regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Biedermann
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Plasticity, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Developmental Biology, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Poyu Chen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maren Heese
- Department of Developmental Biology, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Bouyer
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR 8197-INSERM U 1024, Paris, France
| | - Kostika Sofroni
- Department of Developmental Biology, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Plasticity, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France .,Department of Developmental Biology, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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34
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Clarke KE, Tams DM, Henderson AP, Roger MF, Whiting A, Przyborski SA. A robust and reproducible human pluripotent stem cell derived model of neurite outgrowth in a three-dimensional culture system and its application to study neurite inhibition. Neurochem Int 2016; 106:74-84. [PMID: 28011165 PMCID: PMC5455986 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The inability of neurites to grow and restore neural connections is common to many neurological disorders, including trauma to the central nervous system and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, there is need for a robust and reproducible model of neurite outgrowth, to provide a tool to study the molecular mechanisms that underpin the process of neurite inhibition and to screen molecules that may be able to overcome such inhibition. In this study a novel in vitro pluripotent stem cell based model of human neuritogenesis was developed. This was achieved by incorporating additional technologies, notably a stable synthetic inducer of neural differentiation, and the application of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture techniques. We have evaluated the use of photostable, synthetic retinoid molecules to promote neural differentiation and found that 0.01 μM EC23 was the optimal concentration to promote differentiation and neurite outgrowth from human pluripotent stem cells within our model. We have also developed a methodology to enable quick and accurate quantification of neurite outgrowth derived from such a model. Furthermore, we have obtained significant neurite outgrowth within a 3D culture system enhancing the level of neuritogenesis observed and providing a more physiological microenvironment to investigate the molecular mechanisms that underpin neurite outgrowth and inhibition within the nervous system. We have demonstrated a potential application of our model in co-culture with glioma cells, to recapitulate aspects of the process of neurite inhibition that may also occur in the injured spinal cord. We propose that such a system that can be utilised to investigate the molecular mechanisms that underpin neurite inhibition mediated via glial and neuron interactions. Development of a robust, novel neurite outgrowth assay from human pluripotent stem cell derived neural cell aggregates. Synthetic retinoids induce neural differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to a greater extent than natural ATRA. Neurospheres cultured on a 3D scaffold provide a more physiologically relevant model of neurite outgrowth. Suppression of neurite outgrowth by glioma cells in 3D enables the study of neurite inhibitory mechanisms in the glial scar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty E Clarke
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Daniel M Tams
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Andrew P Henderson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Mathilde F Roger
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Andrew Whiting
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Stefan A Przyborski
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; ReproCELL Europe Ltd., NETPark Incubator, Thomas Wright Way, Sedgefield TS21 3FD, UK.
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35
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Doorenspleet ME, Hubers LM, Culver EL, Maillette de Buy Wenniger LJ, Klarenbeek PL, Chapman RW, Baas F, van de Graaf SF, Verheij J, van Gulik TM, Barnes E, Beuers U, de Vries N. Immunoglobulin G4(+) B-cell receptor clones distinguish immunoglobulin G 4-related disease from primary sclerosing cholangitis and biliary/pancreatic malignancies. Hepatology 2016; 64:501-7. [PMID: 27015613 PMCID: PMC5017301 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease (IgG4-RD) of the biliary tree and pancreas is difficult to distinguish from sclerosing cholangitis and biliary/pancreatic malignancies (CA). An accurate noninvasive test for diagnosis and monitoring of disease activity is lacking. We demonstrate that dominant IgG4(+) B-cell receptor (BCR) clones determined by next-generation sequencing accurately distinguish patients with IgG4-associated cholangitis/autoimmune pancreatitis (n = 34) from those with primary sclerosing cholangitis (n = 17) and CA (n = 17). A novel, more affordable, and widely applicable quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) protocol analyzing the IgG4/IgG RNA ratio in blood also achieves excellent diagnostic accuracy (n = 125). Moreover, this qPCR test performed better than serum IgG4 levels in sensitivity (94% vs. 86%) and specificity (99% vs. 73%) and correlates with treatment response (n = 20). CONCLUSIONS IgG4(+) BCR clones and IgG4/IgG RNA ratio markedly improve delineation, early diagnosis, and monitoring of IgG4-RD of the biliary tree and pancreas. (Hepatology 2016;64:501-507).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke E. Doorenspleet
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Academic Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Genome AnalysisAcademic Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lowiek M. Hubers
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology and Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal ResearchAcademic Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Emma L. Culver
- Translational Gastroenterology UnitJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUnited Kingdom
- NDM Oxford University, Oxford Martin School, Oxford UniversityOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Lucas J. Maillette de Buy Wenniger
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology and Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal ResearchAcademic Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Present address: Department of OphthalmologyVU Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Paul L. Klarenbeek
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Academic Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Genome AnalysisAcademic Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Roger W. Chapman
- Translational Gastroenterology UnitJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUnited Kingdom
- NDM Oxford University, Oxford Martin School, Oxford UniversityOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Frank Baas
- Department of Genome AnalysisAcademic Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Stan F. van de Graaf
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology and Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal ResearchAcademic Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Joanne Verheij
- Department of PathologyAcademic Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Eleanor Barnes
- Translational Gastroenterology UnitJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUnited Kingdom
- NDM Oxford University, Oxford Martin School, Oxford UniversityOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Beuers
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology and Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal ResearchAcademic Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Niek de Vries
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Academic Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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36
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Haffner‐Luntzer M, Heilmann A, Rapp AE, Roessler R, Schinke T, Amling M, Ignatius A, Liedert A. Antagonizing midkine accelerates fracture healing in mice by enhanced bone formation in the fracture callus. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2237-49. [PMID: 27111560 PMCID: PMC4919577 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previous findings suggest that the growth and differentiation factor midkine (Mdk) is a negative regulator of osteoblast activity and bone formation, thereby raising the possibility that a specific Mdk antagonist might improve bone formation during fracture healing. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In the present study, we investigated the effects of a monoclonal anti-Mdk antibody (Mdk-Ab) on bone healing using a standardized femur osteotomy model in mice. Additional in vitro experiments using chondroprogenitor and preosteoblastic cells were conducted to analyse the effects of recombinant Mdk and Mdk-Ab on differentiation markers and potential binding partners in these cells. KEY RESULTS We demonstrated that treatment with Mdk-Ab accelerated bone healing in mice based on increased bone formation in the fracture callus. In vitro experiments using preosteoblastic cells showed that Mdk-Ab treatment abolished the Mdk-induced negative effects on the expression of osteogenic markers and Wnt/β-catenin target proteins, whereas the differentiation of chondroprogenitor cells was unaffected. Phosphorylation analyses revealed an important role for the low-density lipoproteinLDL receptor-related protein 6 in Mdk signalling in osteoblasts. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We conclude that Mdk-Ab treatment may be a potential novel therapeutic strategy to enhance fracture healing in patients with orthopaedic complications such as delayed healing or non-union formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Heilmann
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and BiomechanicsUniversity Medical Center UlmUlmGermany
| | - Anna Elise Rapp
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and BiomechanicsUniversity Medical Center UlmUlmGermany
| | - Robin Roessler
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and BiomechanicsUniversity Medical Center UlmUlmGermany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Institute of Osteology and BiomechanicsUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Michael Amling
- Institute of Osteology and BiomechanicsUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and BiomechanicsUniversity Medical Center UlmUlmGermany
| | - Astrid Liedert
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and BiomechanicsUniversity Medical Center UlmUlmGermany
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Dunning LT, Hipperson H, Baker WJ, Butlin RK, Devaux C, Hutton I, Igea J, Papadopulos AST, Quan X, Smadja CM, Turnbull CGN, Savolainen V. Ecological speciation in sympatric palms: 1. Gene expression, selection and pleiotropy. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:1472-87. [PMID: 27177130 PMCID: PMC6680112 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ecological speciation requires divergent selection, reproductive isolation and a genetic mechanism to link the two. We examined the role of gene expression and coding sequence evolution in this process using two species of Howea palms that have diverged sympatrically on Lord Howe Island, Australia. These palms are associated with distinct soil types and have displaced flowering times, representing an ideal candidate for ecological speciation. We generated large amounts of RNA‐Seq data from multiple individuals and tissue types collected on the island from each of the two species. We found that differentially expressed loci as well as those with divergent coding sequences between Howea species were associated with known ecological and phenotypic differences, including response to salinity, drought, pH and flowering time. From these loci, we identified potential ‘ecological speciation genes’ and further validate their effect on flowering time by knocking out orthologous loci in a model plant species. Finally, we put forward six plausible ecological speciation loci, providing support for the hypothesis that pleiotropy could help to overcome the antagonism between selection and recombination during speciation with gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Dunning
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - H Hipperson
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - W J Baker
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
| | - R K Butlin
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences, Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Stromstäd, Sweden
| | - C Devaux
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - I Hutton
- Lord Howe Island Museum, Lord Howe Island, NSW, Australia
| | - J Igea
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - A S T Papadopulos
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.,Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
| | - X Quan
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - C M Smadja
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - C G N Turnbull
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - V Savolainen
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.,Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
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Decker JM, Krüger L, Sydow A, Dennissen FJ, Siskova Z, Mandelkow E, Mandelkow EM. The Tau/A152T mutation, a risk factor for frontotemporal-spectrum disorders, leads to NR2B receptor-mediated excitotoxicity. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:552-69. [PMID: 26931569 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201541439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a novel transgenic mouse model expressing human full-length Tau with the Tau mutation A152T (hTau(AT)), a risk factor for FTD-spectrum disorders including PSP and CBD Brain neurons reveal pathological Tau conformation, hyperphosphorylation, mis-sorting, aggregation, neuronal degeneration, and progressive loss, most prominently in area CA3 of the hippocampus. The mossy fiber pathway shows enhanced basal synaptic transmission without changes in short- or long-term plasticity. In organotypic hippocampal slices, extracellular glutamate increases early above control levels, followed by a rise in neurotoxicity. These changes are normalized by inhibiting neurotransmitter release or by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels. CA3 neurons show elevated intracellular calcium during rest and after activity induction which is sensitive to NR2B antagonizing drugs, demonstrating a pivotal role of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors. Slices show pronounced epileptiform activity and axonal sprouting of mossy fibers. Excitotoxic neuronal death is ameliorated by ceftriaxone, which stimulates astrocytic glutamate uptake via the transporter EAAT2/GLT1. In summary, hTau(AT) causes excitotoxicity mediated by NR2B-containing NMDA receptors due to enhanced extracellular glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars Krüger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Astrid Sydow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (Cologne), Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Zuzana Siskova
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Eckhard Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (Cologne), Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg, Germany Caesar Research Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (Cologne), Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg, Germany Caesar Research Center, Bonn, Germany
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Voorend W, Nelissen H, Vanholme R, De Vliegher A, Van Breusegem F, Boerjan W, Roldán-Ruiz I, Muylle H, Inzé D. Overexpression of GA20-OXIDASE1 impacts plant height, biomass allocation and saccharification efficiency in maize. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:997-1007. [PMID: 26903034 PMCID: PMC5019232 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased biomass yield and quality are of great importance for the improvement of feedstock for the biorefinery. For the production of bioethanol, both stem biomass yield and the conversion efficiency of the polysaccharides in the cell wall to fermentable sugars are of relevance. Increasing the endogenous levels of gibberellic acid (GA) by ectopic expression of GA20-OXIDASE1 (GA20-OX1), the rate-limiting step in GA biosynthesis, is known to affect cell division and cell expansion, resulting in larger plants and organs in several plant species. In this study, we examined biomass yield and quality traits of maize plants overexpressing GA20-OX1 (GA20-OX1). GA20-OX1 plants accumulated more vegetative biomass than control plants in greenhouse experiments, but not consistently over two years of field trials. The stems of these plants were longer but also more slender. Investigation of GA20-OX1 biomass quality using biochemical analyses showed the presence of more cellulose, lignin and cell wall residue. Cell wall analysis as well as expression analysis of lignin biosynthetic genes in developing stems revealed that cellulose and lignin were deposited earlier in development. Pretreatment of GA20-OX1 biomass with NaOH resulted in a higher saccharification efficiency per unit of dry weight, in agreement with the higher cellulose content. On the other hand, the cellulose-to-glucose conversion was slower upon HCl or hot-water pretreatment, presumably due to the higher lignin content. This study showed that biomass yield and quality traits can be interconnected, which is important for the development of future breeding strategies to improve lignocellulosic feedstock for bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannes Voorend
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Plant Sciences Unit - Growth and Development, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Ruben Vanholme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Alex De Vliegher
- Plant Sciences Unit - Crop Husbandry and Environment, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Isabel Roldán-Ruiz
- Plant Sciences Unit - Growth and Development, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Hilde Muylle
- Plant Sciences Unit - Growth and Development, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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40
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Evaluation of bias associated with high-multiplex, target-specific pre-amplification. BIOMOLECULAR DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION 2015; 6:13-21. [PMID: 27077043 PMCID: PMC4822213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bdq.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We developed a novel PCR-based pre-amplification (PreAmp) technology that can increase the abundance of over 350 target genes one million-fold. To assess potential bias introduced by PreAmp we utilized ERCC RNA reference standards, a model system that quantifies measurement error in RNA analysis. We assessed three types of bias: amplification bias, dynamic range bias and fold-change bias. We show that our PreAmp workflow introduces only minimal amplification and fold-change bias under stringent conditions. We do detect dynamic range bias if a target gene is highly abundant and PreAmp occurred for 16 or more PCR cycles; however, this type of bias is easily correctable. To assess PreAmp bias in a gene expression profiling experiment, we analyzed a panel of genes that are regulated during differentiation using the NTera2 stem cell model system. We find that results generated using PreAmp are similar to results obtained using standard qPCR (without the pre-amplification step). Importantly, PreAmp maintains patterns of gene expression changes across samples; the same biological insights would be derived from a PreAmp experiment as with a standard gene expression profiling experiment. We conclude that our PreAmp technology can facilitate analysis of extremely limited samples in gene expression quantification experiments.
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41
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Zeira E, Abramovitch R, Meir K, Ram SE, Gil Y, Bulvik B, Bromberg Z, Levkovitch O, Nahmansson N, Adar R, Reubinoff B, Galun E, Gropp M. The knockdown of H19lncRNA reveals its regulatory role in pluripotency and tumorigenesis of human embryonic carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:34691-703. [PMID: 26415227 PMCID: PMC4741483 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of imprinted H19 long non-coding RNA is still controversial. It is highly expressed in early embryogenesis and decreases after birth and re-expressed in cancer. To study the role of H19 in oncogenesis and pluripotency, we down-regulated H19 expression in vitro and in vivo in pluripotent human embryonic carcinoma (hEC) and embryonic stem (hES) cells. H19 knockdown resulted in a decrease in the expression of the pluripotency markers Oct4, Nanog, TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81, and in the up-regulation of SSEA1; it further attenuated cell proliferation, decreased cell-matrix attachment, and up-regulated E-Cadherin expression. SCID-Beige mice transplanted with H19 down-regulated hEC cells exhibited slower kinetics of tumor formation, resulting in an increased animal survival. Tumors derived from H19 down-regulated cells showed a decrease in the expression of pluripotency markers and up-regulation of SSEA-1 and E-cadherin. Our results suggest that H19 oncogenicity in hEC cells is mediated through the regulation of the pluripotency state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Zeira
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rinat Abramovitch
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Karen Meir
- The Department of Pathology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharona Even Ram
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Sydney and Judy Swartz Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaniv Gil
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Sydney and Judy Swartz Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Baruch Bulvik
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zohar Bromberg
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Or Levkovitch
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nathalie Nahmansson
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Revital Adar
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin Reubinoff
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Sydney and Judy Swartz Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eithan Galun
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Gropp
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Sydney and Judy Swartz Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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42
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Scheiblich H, Bicker G. Regulation of microglial migration, phagocytosis, and neurite outgrowth by HO-1/CO signaling. Dev Neurobiol 2014; 75:854-76. [DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Scheiblich
- Division of Cell Biology; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - Gerd Bicker
- Division of Cell Biology; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover; Hannover Germany
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43
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Marita JM, Hatfield RD, Rancour DM, Frost KE. Identification and suppression of the p-coumaroyl CoA:hydroxycinnamyl alcohol transferase in Zea mays L. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 78:850-64. [PMID: 24654730 PMCID: PMC4282748 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Grasses, such as Zea mays L. (maize), contain relatively high levels of p-coumarates (pCA) within their cell walls. Incorporation of pCA into cell walls is believed to be due to a hydroxycinnamyl transferase that couples pCA to monolignols. To understand the role of pCA in maize development, the p-coumaroyl CoA:hydroxycinnamyl alcohol transferase (pCAT) was isolated and purified from maize stems. Purified pCAT was subjected to partial trypsin digestion, and peptides were sequenced by tandem mass spectrometry. TBLASTN analysis of the acquired peptide sequences identified a single full-length maize cDNA clone encoding all the peptide sequences obtained from the purified enzyme. The cDNA clone was obtained and used to generate an RNAi construct for suppressing pCAT expression in maize. Here we describe the effects of suppression of pCAT in maize. Primary screening of transgenic maize seedling leaves using a new rapid analytical platform was used to identify plants with decreased amounts of pCA. Using this screening method, mature leaves from fully developed plants were analyzed, confirming reduced pCA levels throughout plant development. Complete analysis of isolated cell walls from mature transgenic stems and leaves revealed that lignin levels did not change, but pCA levels decreased and the lignin composition was altered. Transgenic plants with the lowest levels of pCA had decreased levels of syringyl units in the lignin. Thus, altering the levels of pCAT expression in maize leads to altered lignin composition, but does not appear to alter the total amount of lignin present in the cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M Marita
- US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, US Dairy Forage Research Center1925 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- *For correspondence (e-mail )
| | - Ronald D Hatfield
- US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, US Dairy Forage Research Center1925 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - David M Rancour
- US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, US Dairy Forage Research Center1925 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kenneth E Frost
- Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin MadisonMadison, WI, 53706, USA
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Haile Y, Fu W, Shi B, Westaway D, Baker G, Jhamandas J, Giuliani F. Characterization of the NT2-derived neuronal and astrocytic cell lines as alternative in vitro models for primary human neurons and astrocytes. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:1187-98. [PMID: 24801011 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Primary human fetal neurons and astrocytes (HFNs and HFAs, respectively) provide relevant cell types with which to study in vitro the mechanisms involved in various human neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. However, the limited availability of human fetal cells poses a significant problem for the study of these diseases when a human cell model system is required. Thus, generating a readily available alternative cell source with the essential features of human neurons and astrocytes is necessary. The human teratoma-derived NTera2/D1 (NT2) cell line is a promising tool from which both neuronal and glial cells can be generated. Nevertheless, a direct comparison of NT2 neurons and primary HFNs in terms of their morphology physiological and chemical properties is still missing. This study directly compares NT2-derived neurons and primary HFNs using immunocytochemistry, confocal calcium imaging, high-performance liquid chromatography, and high-content analysis techniques. We investigated the morphological similarities and differences, levels of relevant amino acids, and internal calcium fluctuations in response to certain neurotransmitters/stimuli. We also compared NT2-derived astrocytes and HFAs. In most of the parameters tested, both neuronal and astrocytic cell types exhibited similarities to primary human fetal neurons and astrocytes. NT2-derived neurons and astrocytes are reliable in vitro tools and a renewable cell source that can serve as a valid alternative to HFNs/HFAs for mechanistic studies of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Haile
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Mouton-Liger F, Sahún I, Collin T, Lopes Pereira P, Masini D, Thomas S, Paly E, Luilier S, Même S, Jouhault Q, Bennaï S, Beloeil JC, Bizot JC, Hérault Y, Dierssen M, Créau N. Developmental molecular and functional cerebellar alterations induced by PCP4/PEP19 overexpression: implications for Down syndrome. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 63:92-106. [PMID: 24291518 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PCP4/PEP19 is a modulator of Ca(2+)-CaM signaling. In the brain, it is expressed in a very specific pattern in postmitotic neurons. In particular, Pcp4 is highly expressed in the Purkinje cell, the sole output neuron of the cerebellum. PCP4, located on human chromosome 21, is present in three copies in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). In a previous study using a transgenic mouse model (TgPCP4) to evaluate the consequences of 3 copies of this gene, we found that PCP4 overexpression induces precocious neuronal differentiation during mouse embryogenesis. Here, we report combined analyses of the cerebellum at postnatal stages (P14 and adult) in which we identified age-related molecular, electrophysiological, and behavioral alterations in the TgPCP4 mouse. While Pcp4 overexpression at P14 induces an earlier neuronal maturation, at adult stage it induces increase in cerebellar CaMK2alpha and in cerebellar LTD, as well as learning impairments. We therefore propose that PCP4 contributes significantly to the development of Down syndrome phenotypes through molecular and functional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Mouton-Liger
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, EAC4413 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Ignasi Sahún
- Cellular and Systems Biology, Systems Biology Programme, Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER): Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thibault Collin
- CNRS UMR8118, Brain Physiology Laboratory, Universite Paris-Descartes, Centre universitaire des Saints-Pères, 45 Rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Patricia Lopes Pereira
- Transgenese et Archivage Animaux Modèles, TAAM, CNRS, UPS44, 3B rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans, France
| | - Debora Masini
- Cellular and Systems Biology, Systems Biology Programme, Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER): Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sophie Thomas
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, EAC4413 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Evelyne Paly
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, EAC4413 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Luilier
- Key-Obs SAS, 13 avenue Buffon, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Sandra Même
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Orléans, France
| | - Quentin Jouhault
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, EAC4413 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Soumia Bennaï
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, EAC4413 CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Yann Hérault
- Transgenese et Archivage Animaux Modèles, TAAM, CNRS, UPS44, 3B rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans, France; Institut Clinique de la Souris, ICS, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut de Génétique Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Translational medicine and Neuroscience program, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, UMR7104, UMR964, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Cellular and Systems Biology, Systems Biology Programme, Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER): Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicole Créau
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, EAC4413 CNRS, Paris, France.
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Roloff F, Ziege S, Baumgärtner W, Wewetzer K, Bicker G. Schwann cell-free adult canine olfactory ensheathing cell preparations from olfactory bulb and mucosa display differential migratory and neurite growth-promoting properties in vitro. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:141. [PMID: 24219805 PMCID: PMC3840578 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC) and Schwann cells (SC) is a promising therapeutic strategy to promote axonal growth and remyelination after spinal cord injury. Previous studies mainly focused on the rat model though results from primate and porcine models differed from those in the rat model. Interestingly, canine OECs show primate-like in vitro characteristics, such as absence of early senescence and abundance of stable p75NTR expression indicating that this species represents a valuable translational species for further studies. So far, few investigations have tested different glial cell types within the same study under identical conditions. This makes it very difficult to evaluate contradictory or confirmatory findings reported in various studies. Moreover, potential contamination of OEC preparations with Schwann cells was difficult to exclude. Thus, it remains rather controversial whether the different glial types display distinct cellular properties. Results Here, we established cultures of Schwann cell-free OECs from olfactory bulb (OB-OECs) and mucosa (OM-OECs) and compared them in assays to Schwann cells. These glial cultures were obtained from a canine large animal model and used for monitoring migration, phagocytosis and the effects on in vitro neurite growth. OB-OECs and Schwann cells migrated faster than OM-OECs in a scratch wound assay. Glial cell migration was not modulated by cGMP and cAMP signaling, but activating protein kinase C enhanced motility. All three glial cell types displayed phagocytic activity in a microbead assay. In co-cultures with of human model (NT2) neurons neurite growth was maximal on OB-OECs. Conclusions These data provide evidence that OB- and OM-OECs display distinct migratory behavior and interaction with neurites. OB-OECs migrate faster and enhance neurite growth of human model neurons better than Schwann cells, suggesting distinct and inherent properties of these closely-related cell types. Future studies will have to address whether, and how, these cellular properties correlate with the in vivo behavior after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gerd Bicker
- Division of Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173 Hannover, Germany.
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van Putten M, Hulsker M, Young C, Nadarajah VD, Heemskerk H, van der Weerd L, 't Hoen PAC, van Ommen GJB, Aartsma-Rus AM. Low dystrophin levels increase survival and improve muscle pathology and function in dystrophin/utrophin double-knockout mice. FASEB J 2013; 27:2484-95. [PMID: 23460734 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-224170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe muscle-wasting disorder caused by the lack of functional dystrophin. There is no cure, but several clinical trials aimed to restore the synthesis of functional dystrophin are underway. The dystrophin levels needed for improvement of muscle pathology, function, and overall vitality are not known. Here, we describe the mdx/utrn(-/-)/Xist(Δhs) mouse model, which expresses a range of low dystrophin levels, depending on the degree of skewing of X inactivation in a utrophin-negative background. Mdx/utrn(-/-) mice develop severe muscle weakness, kyphosis, respiratory and heart failure, and premature death closely resembling DMD pathology. We show that at dystrophin levels < 4%, survival and motor function in these animals are greatly improved. In mice expressing >4% dystrophin, histopathology is ameliorated, as well. These findings suggest that the dystrophin levels needed to benefit vitality and functioning of patients with DMD might be lower than those needed for full protection against muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike van Putten
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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48
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Xia X, Wong ST. Concise review: a high-content screening approach to stem cell research and drug discovery. Stem Cells 2013; 30:1800-7. [PMID: 22821636 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput screening (HTS) is a technology widely used for early stages of drug discovery in pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. Recent hardware and software improvements have enabled HTS to be used in combination with subcellular resolution microscopy, resulting in cell image-based HTS, called high-content screening (HCS). HCS allows the acquisition of deeper knowledge at a single-cell level such that more complex biological systems can be studied in a high-throughput manner. The technique is particularly well-suited for stem cell research and drug discovery, which almost inevitably require single-cell resolutions for the detection of rare phenotypes in heterogeneous cultures. With growing availability of facilities, instruments, and reagent libraries, small-to-moderate scale HCS can now be carried out in regular academic labs. We envision that the HCS technique will play an increasing role in both basic mechanism study and early-stage drug discovery on stem cells. Here, we review the development of HCS technique and its past application on stem cells and discuss possible future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Xia
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Violante S, IJlst L, Brinke HT, Almeida IT, Wanders RJA, Ventura FV, Houten SM. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 and carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase are involved in the mitochondrial synthesis and export of acylcarnitines. FASEB J 2013; 27:2039-44. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-216689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Violante
- Metabolism and Genetics GroupResearch Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL)Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department Clinical Chemistry and PediatricsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk IJlst
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department Clinical Chemistry and PediatricsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Heleen te Brinke
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department Clinical Chemistry and PediatricsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Isabel Tavares Almeida
- Metabolism and Genetics GroupResearch Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL)Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Ronald J. A. Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department Clinical Chemistry and PediatricsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Fátima V. Ventura
- Metabolism and Genetics GroupResearch Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL)Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Sander M. Houten
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department Clinical Chemistry and PediatricsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Laschi M, Tinti L, Braconi D, Millucci L, Ghezzi L, Amato L, Selvi E, Spreafico A, Bernardini G, Santucci A. Homogentisate 1,2 dioxygenase is expressed in human osteoarticular cells: implications in alkaptonuria. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:3254-7. [PMID: 22105303 PMCID: PMC3427883 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alkaptonuria (AKU) results from defective homogentisate1,2-dioxygenase (HGD), causing degenerative arthropathy. The deposition of ochronotic pigment in joints is so far attributed to homogentisic acid produced by the liver, circulating in the blood and accumulating locally. Human normal and AKU osteoarticular cells were tested for HGD gene expression by RT-PCR, mono- and 2D-Western blotting. HGD gene expression was revealed in chondrocytes, synoviocytes, osteoblasts. Furthermore, HGD expression was confirmed by Western blotting, that also revealed the presence of five enzymatic molecular species. Our findings indicate that AKU osteoarticular cells produce the ochronotic pigment in loco and this may strongly contribute to induction of ochronotic arthropathy. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3254–3257, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Laschi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
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