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Westerlinck P, Coucke P, Albert A. Development of a cancer risk model and mobile health application to inform the public about cancer risks and risk factors. Int J Med Inform 2024; 189:105503. [PMID: 38820648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and evaluate a mobile health application, the Cancer Risk Calculator (CRC), aimed at improving public health literacy by providing personalized information on cancer risks and preventive measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS The CRC was developed through a comprehensive process involving the identification of necessary content, integration of average cancer risks using data from reliable sources, creation of a novel risk model emphasizing modifiable factors, and the application's development for easy access. The application covers 38 cancer types, 18 subtypes, and approximately 790 risk factors, utilizing data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program and scientific literature. RESULTS CRC offers users personalized risk assessments across a broad range of cancers, emphasizing modifiable risk factors to encourage preventive behaviors. It distinguishes itself by covering more cancer types and risk factors than existing tools, with preliminary user feedback indicating its utility in promoting health literacy and lifestyle changes. DISCUSSION The CRC application stands out as an innovative tool in health informatics, significantly enhancing public understanding of cancer risks. Its development underscores the potential of digital health technologies to bolster preventive healthcare strategies through improved health literacy. CONCLUSION The Cancer Risk Calculator is a pivotal development in mobile health technology, offering comprehensive and personalized insights into cancer risks and prevention. It serves as a valuable resource for public health education, facilitating informed decisions and lifestyle modifications for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Westerlinck
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Centre (CHU), Liège, Belgium.
| | - Philippe Coucke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Centre (CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - Adelin Albert
- Department of Biostatistics, University Hospital Centre (CHU), Liège, Belgium
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Zeybek Ş, Özbiçakçi Ş. Evaluation of the Cancer Awareness Measure in Adolescents in Turkiye: A Methodological Study. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38804151 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2024.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Cancer awareness can help reduce the associated morbidity and mortality. There is no scale for the assessment of general cancer awareness in Turkiye. This study aimed to evaluate the cultural relevance and psychometric properties of the cancer awareness measure (CAM) for use in adolescents in the Turkish population. Methods: This methodological study included 400 students attending seven high schools in western Turkiye, recruited by convenience sampling. The CAM was translated into Turkish and assessed for content validity by expert panel opinion and content validity index (CVI). The Turkish CAM was administered online, and its reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficients, item-total and item-subscale correlation coefficients, and test-retest analysis. Results: The Turkish CAM had excellent content validity (scale CVI = 0.99). Cronbach's alpha for the entire scale was 0.72, and item-subscale correlation coefficients were 0.33-.75 (p < 0.001). Test-retest reliability was good, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.83 for the entire scale (p < 0.001). The students' mean score on the Turkish CAM was 45.60 ± 7.23 (on a scale of 11-77), indicating moderate cancer awareness. Conclusion: The Turkish CAM is a valid and reliable measure that can be used to assess cancer awareness in adolescents in Turkiye. Interventional studies should be performed to measure and increase cancer awareness and promote cancer prevention among young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şeyma Zeybek
- Public Health Nursing, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Şeyda Özbiçakçi
- Faculty of Nursing, Department of Public Health Nursing, Dokuz Eylul Universitesi (Dokuz Eylul University), Izmir, Turkiye
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Yavari B, Kolbehdari N, Gann L, Portillo M, Rumschlag A, Aldridge M, Mellon W, Alcaraz GM, Richker H, Sarkissian M, Compton ZT, Aktipis A, Maley C, Baciu C. The Digital Health Revolution: Exploring the Impact of Online Cancer Information on Self-Reported Preventive Behaviors. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.20.24307517. [PMID: 38826228 PMCID: PMC11142276 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.20.24307517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Cancer, one of the leading causes of death worldwide, is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth within the body. While there have been many improvements in the treatment of cancer clinically, there is now an urgent need to improve cancer-related communication. This study explores the impact of online health information, specifically cancer-related information and prevention, among members of the general public. Through a randomized survey, we examined what information leads people to take action to minimize their cancer risk and communicate with their providers. Through evaluation of the various modes of communication, we were able to provide insight into which are more effective and better received by members of the general public. Through this, ways of bettering these avenues of communication and strengthening the bond between them will be highlighted and more easily elaborated on by future studies. The results of our study indicated that 60% of participants asserted that they are motivated by online preventive information to take steps to limit their cancer risk, while only roughly 44% of participants overall agreed that their doctor has communicated with them about when proper cancer screenings should be scheduled for the future. Although patients may be turning to the Internet now more than ever due to various reasons, when comparing self-reported rates of comprehension among the study participants, 35% agreed that the cancer-related information they can access online is confusing, while fewer than 22% of participants agreed that the cancer-related information they receive directly from their doctor is confusing. This is indicative of the limitations the Internet may have when undertaking the role of being a medical resource, especially when acting as a replacement for in-person medical appointments where patients can communicate directly with their physicians. Ultimately, these results provide a unique perspective into how people receive, evaluate, and implement cancer-preventive steps and general health-related information in a post-COVID-19 world, where the Internet is now strongly embedded in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Yavari
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University
| | - Nilofar Kolbehdari
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University
| | - Lindsay Gann
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University
| | - Mercedes Portillo
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University
| | | | - Melaine Aldridge
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University
| | - Walker Mellon
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University
| | | | - Harley Richker
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University
| | | | - Zachary T Compton
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center
- University of Arizona Cancer Center
- University of Arizona College of Medicine
| | - Athena Aktipis
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University
| | - Carlo Maley
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University
| | - Cristina Baciu
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University
- W.P. Carey School of Business, Arizona State University
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Deeb N, Naja F, Nasreddine L, Kharroubi S, Darwiche N, Hwalla N. Nutrition Knowledge, Attitudes, and Lifestyle Practices That May Lead to Breast Cancer Risk Reduction among Female University Students in Lebanon. Nutrients 2024; 16:1095. [PMID: 38613128 PMCID: PMC11013092 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Research has identified both nonmodifiable and modifiable risk factors for breast cancer (BC), with accumulating evidence showing that adopting adequate dietary practices could decrease the risk of this disease. This study aimed to assess nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and lifestyle practices (KAP) that may lead to BC risk reduction among female university students in Lebanon and examine the determinants of their practices. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a convenience sampling method, comprising 356 (response rate: 71.2%) female students at the American University of Beirut aged 18 to 25 years with no history of BC. Participants completed a pre-tested questionnaire addressing the objectives of the study. The modified Bloom's cut-off of 75% was used to categorize knowledge and practice scores as poor or good and attitudes as negative or positive. Large proportions of students had poor knowledge (68.3%), negative attitudes (65.4%), and poor practices (98.0%) scores. Pursuing a health-related major and having a higher GPA were associated with better knowledge and attitudes while being older and having a lower degree of stress were associated with positive attitudes only. Having a lower body mass index (BMI) was associated with better practice scores. Better knowledge significantly predicted higher intake of fruits and vegetables. Overall knowledge and attitudes were significantly correlated with each other, but neither was significantly correlated with overall practice. These findings underscore the importance of implementing public health programs geared towards improving nutrition KAP that may lead to BC risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Deeb
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (N.D.); (L.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Farah Naja
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Lara Nasreddine
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (N.D.); (L.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Samer Kharroubi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (N.D.); (L.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Nadine Darwiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Nahla Hwalla
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (N.D.); (L.N.); (S.K.)
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E R, J T, Ek Q, Ss F, E H, G P, Ce P. Canadians' knowledge of cancer risk factors and belief in cancer myths. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:329. [PMID: 38291409 PMCID: PMC10829248 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many untrue statements about cancer prevention and risks are circulating. The objective of this study was to assess Canadians' awareness of known cancer risk factors and cancer myths (untruths or statements that are not completely true), and to explore how awareness may vary by sociodemographic and cognitive factors. METHODS Cancer myths were identified by conducting scans of published, grey literature, and social media. Intuitive-analytic thinking disposition scores included were actively open- and close-minded thinking, as well as preference for intuitive and effortful thinking. A survey was administered online to participants aged 18 years and older through Prolific. Results were summarized descriptively and analyzed using chi-square tests, as well as Spearman rank and Pearson correlations. RESULTS Responses from 734 Canadians were received. Participants were better at identifying known cancer risk factors (70% of known risks) compared to cancer myths (49%). Bivariate analyses showed differential awareness of known cancer risk factors (p < 0.05) by population density and income, cancer myths by province, and for both by ethnicity, age, and all thinking disposition scores. Active open-minded thinking and preference for effortful thinking were associated with greater discernment. Tobacco-related risk factors were well-identified (> 90% correctly identified), but recognition of other known risk factors was poor (as low as 23% for low vegetable and fruit intake). Mythical cancer risk factors with high support were consuming additives (61%), feeling stressed (52%), and consuming artificial sweeteners (49%). High uncertainty of causation was observed for glyphosate (66% neither agreed or disagreed). For factors that reduce cancer risk, reasonable awareness was observed for HPV vaccination (60%), but there was a high prevalence in cancer myths, particularly that consuming antioxidants (65%) and organic foods (45%) are protective, and some uncertainty whether drinking red wine (41%), consuming vitamins (32%), and smoking cannabis (30%) reduces cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS While Canadians were able to identify tobacco-related cancer risk factors, many myths were believed and numerous risk factors were not recognized. Cancer myths can be harmful in themselves and can detract the public's attention from and action on established risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rydz E
- School of Population and Public Health, CAREX Canada, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Telfer J
- School of Population and Public Health, CAREX Canada, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Quinn Ek
- School of Population and Public Health, CAREX Canada, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Fazel Ss
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Holmes E
- Canadian Cancer Society, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pennycook G
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - Peters Ce
- School of Population and Public Health, CAREX Canada, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
- BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Kokole D, Ferreira-Borges C, Galea G, Tran A, Rehm J, Neufeld M. Public awareness of the alcohol-cancer link in the EU and UK: a scoping review. Eur J Public Health 2023; 33:1128-1147. [PMID: 37802887 PMCID: PMC10710347 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol increases cancer risk, but less is known about public awareness of this link. This scoping review summarizes recent findings on the public awareness of alcohol as a cancer risk factor in European Union and UK. METHODS Four databases (Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINAHL) were searched for papers containing data on awareness of alcohol as cancer risk factor in EU or UK published between January 2017 and December 2022, and complemented with grey literature searches. RESULTS In total, 45 studies were included covering 18 EU countries (Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden) and UK, presenting data collected between 2009 and 2022. Studies covered general population (17 studied a nationally representative sample), women, health professionals, patients and young people. Awareness of alcohol causing cancer in general was higher and studied more often than awareness of alcohol's impact on specific cancers. Among the EU general population, awareness of the link between alcohol and breast cancer ranged between 10% and 20%, head and neck cancer 15-25%, colorectal and oesophagus cancer 15-45% and liver cancer 40%. Awareness was higher among young people and specialized health professions and lower among women (the latter specifically for the breast cancer). CONCLUSIONS While awareness rates varied depending on the exact question wording, many studies showed low awareness of the alcohol-cancer link, especially for specific types such as breast and colon cancer. Public should be better informed about alcohol consumption-related cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daša Kokole
- WHO Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gauden Galea
- WHO Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Tran
- WHO Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, World Health Organization/Pan American Health Organization Collaborating Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy & Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies (CELOS), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Neufeld
- WHO Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Elshami M, Ismail IO, Alser M, Al-Slaibi I, Ghithan RJ, Usrof FD, Qawasmi MAM, Okshiya HM, Shurrab NRS, Mahfouz II, Fannon AA, Hawa MRM, Giacaman N, Ahmaro M, Zaatreh RK, AbuKhalil WA, Melhim NK, Madbouh RJ, Hziema HJA, Lahlooh RAA, Ubaiat SN, Jaffal NA, Alawna RK, Abed SN, Abuzahra BNA, Kwaik AJA, Dodin MH, Taha RO, Alashqar DM, Mobarak RAAF, Smerat T, Albarqi SI, Abu-El-Noor N, Bottcher B. Common myths and misconceptions about breast cancer causation among Palestinian women: a national cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2370. [PMID: 38031084 PMCID: PMC10688078 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discussion about breast cancer (BC) causation continues to be surrounded by a number of myths and misbeliefs. If efforts are misdirected towards reducing risk from false mythical causes, individuals might be less likely to consider and adopt risk-reducing behaviors for evidence-based BC causes. This national study aimed to assess the awareness of BC causation myths and misbeliefs among Palestinian women, and examine the factors associated with having good awareness. METHODS This national cross-sectional study recruited adult women from government hospitals, primary healthcare centers, and public spaces in 11 governorates in Palestine. A modified version of the Cancer Awareness Measure-Mythical Causes Scale was used to collect data. The level of awareness of BC causation myths was determined based on the number of myths recognized to be incorrect: poor (0-5), fair (6-10), or good (11-15). RESULTS A total of 5,257 questionnaires were included. Only 269 participants (5.1%) demonstrated good awareness (i.e., recognizing more than 10 out of 15 BC mythical causes). There were no notable differences in displaying good awareness between the main areas of Palestine, the Gaza Strip and the West Bank and Jerusalem (5.1% vs. 5.1%). Having chronic disease as well as visiting hospitals and primary healthcare centers were associated with a decrease in the likelihood of displaying good awareness. Myths related to food were less frequently recognized as incorrect than food-unrelated myths. 'Eating burnt food' was the most recognized food-related myth (n = 1414, 26.9%), while 'eating food containing additives' was the least recognized (n = 599, 11.4%). 'Having a physical trauma' was the most recognized food-unrelated myth (n = 2795, 53.2%), whereas the least recognized was 'wearing tight bra' (n = 1018, 19.4%). CONCLUSIONS A very small proportion of Palestinian women could recognize 10 or more myths around BC causation. There is a substantial need to include clear information about BC causation in future educational interventions besides focusing on BC screening, signs and symptoms, and risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamedraed Elshami
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Ministry of Health, Gaza, Palestine.
| | | | - Mohammed Alser
- United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA), Gaza, Palestine
| | | | | | - Faten Darwish Usrof
- Department of a Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza City, Palestine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Manar Ahmaro
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nour Ali Jaffal
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tasneem Smerat
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine
| | | | | | - Bettina Bottcher
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
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Rao S, Rao P, Shetty R, Kulal Y, Gatty NC, Prabhu N, Suresh S, D'souza RK, Baliga MS. Usefulness of walkathon in improving knowledge on cancer: A cross-sectional study with the participants. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:1760-1765. [PMID: 38376275 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1675_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM Globally, walkathon, a type of community event involving walking a determined distance to raise awareness and/or collect donations for a social cause is gaining a lot of public attention. This study was conducted to understand the usefulness of walkathon in creating cancer awareness among the participants. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a pre- and post-test study and was carried out on World Cancer Day on February 4, 2019 in Mangalore, Karnataka, India. The study subjects were the walkathon participants willing to be volunteers for the study. Differences in the answers were calculated by ascertaining the difference between the pretest and posttest using McNemar, Chi-square, or Fisher's exact test. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Pretest scores indicated most volunteers were aware of the role of tobacco and alcohol in cancer, while most were unaware of the importance of fruits and consumption of vegetables and sedentary lifestyle in the development of cancer. Posttest showed a significant increase in knowledge gain (P = 0.003 to <0.001). CONCLUSIONS For the first time, this study shows Walkathon to be helpful in improving cancer knowledge in the participants. Walkathon is an inexpensive and joyful way to educate people and warrants further study on a range of medical and social themes affecting society to establish its usefulness in public health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Rao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Pratima Rao
- Cancer Education and Awareness Cell, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajesh Shetty
- Cancer Education and Awareness Cell, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Yathish Kulal
- Cancer Education and Awareness Cell, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitish Chandra Gatty
- Cancer Education and Awareness Cell, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagraj Prabhu
- Cancer Education and Awareness Cell, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sucharitha Suresh
- Department of Community Medicine, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rhea Katherine D'souza
- Cancer Education and Awareness Cell, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Faury S, Aurouet P, Quintard B, Foucaud J. A Systematic Review on Reporting of Methods in National Surveys about Adults' Attitudes to Lifestyle and Environmental Risk Factors for Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20095755. [PMID: 37174272 PMCID: PMC10177829 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The risks of developing cancer are significantly affected by our lifestyle and environment. While there are several uncontrollable risk factors, we can modify our lifestyle and our environment to reduce the increased threat of cancer. This systematic review aims to evaluate the methodological assessment used to evaluate attitudes about cancer risk factors among the general population. Two researchers independently screened the articles for inclusion and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklists were used to assess the methodology of the included studies. Thirty-one manuscripts met the inclusion criteria with a majority of them focusing on attitudes to several cancer risk factors and six on specific cancer location risk factors. This systematic review highlights the diversity of notions used around attitudes and methods used in the method of administering the survey, as well as the format of the questions and the response scales. It is thus difficult to compare data between different countries. However, cancer is a global problem. Harmonizing methods could allow a comparison of data between countries. Recommendations to this effect are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Faury
- Institut National du Cancer (INCa), Research in Social & Human Sciences, Public Health and Epidemiology Department, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- Laboratory of Psychology EA 4139, 33405 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philémon Aurouet
- Institut National du Cancer (INCa), Research in Social & Human Sciences, Public Health and Epidemiology Department, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Bruno Quintard
- Laboratory of Psychology EA 4139, 33405 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jérôme Foucaud
- Institut National du Cancer (INCa), Research in Social & Human Sciences, Public Health and Epidemiology Department, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- Health Education and Practices Laboratory (LEPS EA 3412), Paris 13 University-UFR SMBH, 93017 Bobigny, France
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Ropero AB, Borrás F, Rodríguez M, Beltrá M. Nutritional Description of Organic and Conventional Food Products in Spain: The BADALI Project. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081876. [PMID: 37111095 PMCID: PMC10144859 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic food and drink is undoubtedly a growing market. Consumers perceive organic food as healthy, and nutrition claims (NCs) and fortification may add to this perception. Whether this is true is still a matter of controversy, particularly for organic food products. We present here the first comprehensive study of large samples of six specific organic food types, analysing the nutritional quality (nutrient composition and "healthiness") as well as the use of NCs and fortification. In parallel, a comparison with conventional food is also carried out. For this purpose, the Food Database of products in the Spanish market, BADALI, was used. Four cereal-based and two dairy-substitute food types were analysed. Our results show that as many as 81% of organic foods are considered "less healthy" by the Pan American Health Organization Nutrient Profile Model (PAHO-NPM). Organic foods present a slightly improved nutrient profile compared to conventional foods. However, many of the differences, though statistically significant, are nutritionally irrelevant. Organic foods use NCs very frequently, more than conventional foods, with very little micronutrient fortification. The main conclusion of this work is that consumers' perception that organic food products are healthy is unfounded from a nutritional point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Ropero
- Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Fernando Borrás
- Department of Statistics, Mathematics and Informatics, Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez
- Polytechnic School of Orihuela, Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Marta Beltrá
- Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche, Spain
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Petrova D, Pollán M, Garcia-Retamero R, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Catena A, Castillo Portellano L, Sánchez MJ. Cancer awareness in older adults: Results from the Spanish Onco-barometer cross-sectional survey. Int J Nurs Stud 2023; 140:104466. [PMID: 36871541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND About half of all cancers are diagnosed in adults older than 65, making them the age group at highest risk of developing this disease. Nurses from different specialties can support individuals and communities in the prevention and early detection of cancer and should be aware of the common knowledge gaps and perceived barriers among older adults. OBJECTIVES The goal of the current research was to investigate personal characteristics, perceived barriers, and beliefs related to cancer awareness in older adults, with a special focus on perceptions about the influence of cancer risk factors, knowledge of cancer symptoms, and anticipated help-seeking. DESIGN Descriptive cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 1213 older adults (≥65 years old) from the representative national Onco-barometer survey conducted in 2020 in Spain. METHODS Questions on the perceived influence of cancer risk factors, knowledge of cancer symptoms, and the Spanish version of the Awareness and Beliefs about Cancer (ABC) questionnaire were administered in computer-assisted telephone interviews. RESULTS Knowledge of cancer risk factors and symptoms was strongly related to personal characteristics and was limited among males and older individuals. Respondents from lower socio-economic background recognized fewer cancer symptoms. Having personal or family history of cancer had opposite effects on cancer awareness: It was related to more accurate symptom knowledge but also to lower perceptions about the influence of risk factors and more delayed help-seeking. Anticipated help-seeking times were strongly influenced by perceived barriers to help-seeking and beliefs about cancer. Worry about wasting the doctor's time (48% increase, 95% CI [25%-75%]), about what the doctor might find (21% increase [3%-43%]) and not having enough time to go to the doctor (30% increase [5%-60%]) were related to more delayed help-seeking intentions. In contrast, beliefs that reflected higher perceived seriousness of a potential cancer diagnosis were related to shorter anticipated help-seeking times (19% decrease [5%-33%]). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that older adults could benefit from interventions informing them about how to reduce their cancer risk and addressing emotional barriers and beliefs associated with help-seeking delays. Nurses can contribute to educating this vulnerable group and are in a unique position to address some barriers to help-seeking. STUDY REGISTRATION Not registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafina Petrova
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marina Pollán
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; National Center for Epidemiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lucia Castillo Portellano
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria-José Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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12
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The Awareness of Healthy Individuals about Attributable Risk Factors of Cancer. JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.30621/jbachs.1091746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose: This study aimed to determine the awareness of healthy individuals about the attributable risk factors of cancer and the reliability of their ideas.
Methods: A review of relevant literature was undertaken to assemble a list of possible causes of cancer. Seventy-six healthy individuals were interviewed. Individuals were asked to declare their opinion by scoring the potential 15 cancer risk factors between 0-4. One week later, the opinions were retaken to test reliability.
Results: According to the participants, smoking (94.8%) and mobile phone use (79%) had perfect consensus; being overweight (63.1%) and having a family history of cancer (92.1%) had substantial consensus; alcohol (90.8%), stress (93.5%), sunlight exposure (69.77%), plastic (84.2%), infection (57.9%), occupational exposure (67.1%), fatigue (54%), nuclear accident (96%) had moderate consensus. Air pollution (86.8%) and washing agents (77.7%) had fair consensus. Age (34.2%) was not a risk factor for cancer. All risk factors were reliable between the two assessments except age (p
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Koch JA, Bolderdijk JW, van Ittersum K. Can graphic warning labels reduce the consumption of meat? Appetite 2022; 168:105690. [PMID: 34600944 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The classification of red meat as "probably carcinogenic" and processed meat as "carcinogenic" was followed by pleas to place warning labels, akin to those used for tobacco products, onto meat products. These labels educate people about the health risks associated with the target behavior and are typically accompanied by graphic imagery that elicits disgust (e.g., a picture of blackened lungs). Although the emotion of disgust has been shown to be an effective tool to affect consumer attitudes toward meat, it remains unclear whether such graphic warning labels that recruit disgust would also affect people's intentions to reduce their meat consumption. Two experiments reveal that graphic warning labels, by recruiting disgust, can increase people's intention to reduce their current levels of meat consumption. However, by eliciting disgust, graphic warning labels can simultaneously trigger reactance: graphic images can make people feel they are being manipulated, thereby ironically decreasing meat-reduction intentions. In a final experiment, we aimed to circumvent reactance by providing disgusting information under the guise of trivia, thereby avoiding the perception that the disgusting information was meant to manipulate. Via this route, disgust becomes a potent tool to influence consumers' intentions to consume meat. Ethical concerns are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Andre Koch
- Doctoral Candidate at the Marketing Department, University of Groningen, Nettelbosje 2, 9747AE, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jan Willem Bolderdijk
- Associate Professor of Marketing, University of Groningen, Nettelbosje 2, 9747AE, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Koert van Ittersum
- Professor of Marketing and Consumer Well-Being, University of Groningen, Nettelbosje 2, 9747AE, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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14
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Poor awareness of cancer risk factors in Irish males. Proc Nutr Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665122001495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Kilian C, Rovira P, Neufeld M, Ferreira-Borges C, Rumgay H, Soerjomataram I, Rehm J. Modelling the impact of increased alcohol taxation on alcohol-attributable cancers in the WHO European Region. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2021; 11:100225. [PMID: 34918000 PMCID: PMC8642705 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing the alcohol-attributable cancer burden in the WHO European Region is a public health priority. This study aims to estimate the number of potentially avoidable cancers in countries of the WHO European Region in 2019 for three scenarios in which current excise duties on alcoholic beverages were increased by 20%, 50%, or 100%. METHODS Mean prices and excise duties for beer, wine, and spirits in the Member States of the WHO European Region in 2020 were used as the baseline scenario. We assumed that increases in excise duties (20%, 50%, and 100%) were fully incorporated into the consumer price. Beverage-specific price elasticities of demand, with lower elasticities for heavy drinkers, were obtained from a meta-analysis. Model estimates were applied to alcohol exposure data for 2009 and cancer incidence and mortality rates for 2019, assuming a 10-year lag time between alcohol intake and cancer development and mortality. FINDINGS Of 180,887 (95% Confidence interval [CI]: 160,595-201,705) new alcohol-attributable cancer cases and 85,130 (95% CI: 74,920-95,523) deaths in the WHO European Region in 2019, 5·9% (95% CI: 5·6-6·4) and 5·7% (95% CI: 5·4-6·1), respectively, could have been avoided by increasing excise duties by 100%. According to our model, alcohol-attributable female breast cancer and colorectal cancer contributed most to the avoidable cases and deaths. INTERPRETATION Doubling current alcohol excise duties could avoid just under 6% (or 10,700 cases and 4,850 deaths) of new alcohol-attributable cancers within the WHO European Region, particularly in Member States of the European Union where excise duties are in many cases very low. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Kilian
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pol Rovira
- Program on Substance Abuse, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Neufeld
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- WHO European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carina Ferreira-Borges
- WHO European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Harriet Rumgay
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Program on Substance Abuse, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of International Health Projects, Institute for Leadership and Health Management, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Psychiatry, Hamburg, Germany
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16
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Petrova D, Borrás JM, Pollán M, Bayo Lozano E, Vicente D, Jiménez Moleón JJ, Sánchez MJ. Public Perceptions of the Role of Lifestyle Factors in Cancer Development: Results from the Spanish Onco-Barometer 2020. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910472. [PMID: 34639771 PMCID: PMC8507999 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The European Code against Cancer recommends not to smoke, to avoid alcohol consumption, to eat a healthy diet, and maintain a healthy weight to prevent cancer. To what extent is the public aware of the influence of these lifestyle factors on cancer development? The goal of the current study was to describe the perceived influence of four lifestyle factors (tobacco, alcohol, diet, and weight) on cancer development in the general population and identify factors related to low perceptions of influence. We analyzed data from the 2020 Onco-barometer (n = 4769), a representative population-based survey conducted in Spain. With the exception of smoking, lifestyle factors were among those with the least perceived influence, more so among the demographic groups at higher risk from cancer including men and older individuals (65+ years). Individuals from lower socio-economic groups were more likely to report not knowing what influence lifestyle factors have on cancer. Lower perceived influence was also consistently related to perceiving very low risk from cancer. Overall, although there is variation in perceptions regarding the different lifestyle factors, low perceived influence clusters among those at higher risk for cancer. These results signal the need for public health campaigns and messages informing the public about the preventive potential of lifestyle factors beyond avoiding tobacco consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafina Petrova
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.); (J.J.J.M.); (M.J.S.)
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), 18011 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Josep Maria Borrás
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08908 Barcelona, Spain;
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, 08908 Hospitalet, Spain
- NHS Cancer Strategy, Ministry of Health, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Pollán
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.); (J.J.J.M.); (M.J.S.)
- National Center for Epidemiology, Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eloísa Bayo Lozano
- University Hospital Virgen Macarena, 41009 Seville, Spain; (E.B.L.); (D.V.)
| | - David Vicente
- University Hospital Virgen Macarena, 41009 Seville, Spain; (E.B.L.); (D.V.)
| | - José Juan Jiménez Moleón
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.); (J.J.J.M.); (M.J.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria José Sánchez
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.); (J.J.J.M.); (M.J.S.)
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), 18011 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain
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Polish High School Students' Knowledge about Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094765. [PMID: 33947049 PMCID: PMC8124587 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cancer, as the second most common cause of death after cardiovascular diseases, is a global health problem. There is still an increasing number of cancer incidences and deaths. Methods: The study was conducted as a part of the health promotion educational project concerning oncological education to develop the knowledge of cancer risk factors among high school students in Poland. A special questionnaire was filled out by students before the educational lesson on cancer conducted by medical students and young doctors. Results: The study was carried out on 227 high school students (aged 17–18 years). Most students (67.5%) indicated that genetic predisposition is the most important cancer risk factor. Only about a quarter of students pointed to the relationship between lifestyle and cancer. Moreover, 41% of students admitted to smoking cigarettes. Most of them (80.6%) claimed that they can modify their own cancer risk. Almost all responders believed that early detected cancer is curable. Conclusions: High school students do not know about cancer risk factors and they do not relate cancer with lifestyle. Some students indicated bad lifestyle habits such as tobacco smoking. It is necessary to emphasize cancer prevention in early education, especially focusing on modification of lifestyle.
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18
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Walsh S, O'Mahony M, Hegarty J, Farrell D, Taggart L, Kelly L, Sahm L, Corrigan M, Caples M, Martin AM, Tabirca S, Corrigan MA, Lehane E. Defining breast cancer awareness and identifying barriers to breast cancer awareness for women with an intellectual disability: A review of the literature. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2021; 26:1744629521999548. [PMID: 33769130 DOI: 10.1177/1744629521999548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Incidence rates for developing breast cancer are similar for women regardless of intellectual ability. However, women with an intellectual disability present with advanced breast cancers, which often have a poor prognosis. METHOD A structured narrative review of the literature was performed to explore the concepts of breast awareness and breast cancer awareness and subsequently, identify barriers to breast cancer awareness encountered by women with an intellectual disability. RESULTS A total of 22 studies involving people with varying levels of intellectual disability informed this review. The barriers to breast cancer awareness encountered by women with an intellectual disability include: lack of their understanding, the role of the carer and literacy issues. CONCLUSION Identifying the barriers to breast cancer awareness for women with an intellectual disability will help to facilitate breast cancer awareness which has the potential to result in better long-term outcomes through an early diagnosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Louise Kelly
- Cork Breast Research Centre-Cork University Hospital, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark A Corrigan
- Cork Breast Research Centre-Cork University Hospital, Ireland
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Saab MM, FitzGerald S, Noonan B, Kilty C, Collins A, Lyng Á, Kennedy U, O'Brien M, Hegarty J. Promoting lung cancer awareness, help-seeking and early detection: a systematic review of interventions. Health Promot Int 2021; 36:1656-1671. [PMID: 33647930 PMCID: PMC8699397 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer death. Barriers to the early presentation for LC include lack of symptom awareness, symptom misappraisal, poor relationship with doctors and lack of access to healthcare services. Addressing such barriers can help detect LC early. This systematic review describes the effect of recent interventions to improve LC awareness, help-seeking and early detection. This review was guided by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Electronic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, APA PsycARTICLES, APA PsycInfo and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection were searched. Sixteen studies were included. Knowledge of LC was successfully promoted in most studies using educational sessions and campaigns. LC screening uptake varied with most studies successfully reducing decision conflicts using decision aids. Large campaigns, including UK-based campaign 'Be Clear on Cancer', were instrumental in enhancing LC awareness, promoting help-seeking and yielding an increase in chest X-rays and a decrease in the number of individuals diagnosed with advanced LC. Multimodal public health interventions, such as educational campaigns are best suited to raise awareness, reduce barriers to help-seeking and help detect LC early. Future interventions ought to incorporate targeted information using educational resources, face-to-face counselling and video- and web-based decision aids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad M Saab
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland T12 AK54
| | - Serena FitzGerald
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland T12 AK54
| | - Brendan Noonan
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland T12 AK54
| | - Caroline Kilty
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland T12 AK54
| | - Abigail Collins
- National Cancer Control Programme, Health Service Executive, Ireland DO1 A3Y8
| | - Áine Lyng
- National Cancer Control Programme, Health Service Executive, Ireland DO1 A3Y8
| | - Una Kennedy
- National Cancer Control Programme, Health Service Executive, Ireland DO1 A3Y8
| | - Maidy O'Brien
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland T12 AK54
| | - Josephine Hegarty
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland T12 AK54
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20
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McKeague B, Maguire R. "The effects of cancer on a family are way beyond the person who's had it": The experience and effect of a familial cancer diagnosis on the health behaviours of family members. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2021; 51:101905. [PMID: 33601195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2021.101905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE People who are first-degree relatives of cancer patients are at an increased risk of developing cancer themselves. Despite this, relatives of cancer patients do not always make beneficial changes to their health behaviours. This study aimed to answer the following questions: (1) do the health behaviours of people who are first-degree relatives of cancer survivors change following cancer diagnosis, and if so, how, and why, (2) what motivations/barriers exist for first-degree relatives when seeking to engage with health promoting behaviours, and (3) what do first-degree relatives believe healthcare organisations can do to improve uptake of healthy lifestyle changes. METHOD Nine biological first-degree relatives of cancer survivors living in Ireland (6 children, 2 siblings, 1 parent) participated in semi-structured interviews which were later thematically analysed. RESULTS Findings revealed four superordinate themes: Being Conscious/Aware, Limited Lifestyle Changes, Psychosocial Consequences of Experience, and Unmet Needs, with each of these themes having two to three subordinate themes. Patient and public involvement emphasised Unmet Needs, including needs for information and family support, as the theme that was most reflective of participants' lived experience. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that while family members tend not to change their lifestyle behaviours following cancer diagnosis, they do seem to make changes to their medical behaviours. Additionally, they can be negatively impacted by the experience in several other ways. Identifying means of support will allow relatives to cope better post diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth McKeague
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Rebecca Maguire
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland.
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Iddrisu M, Aziato L, Ohene LA. Socioeconomic impact of breast cancer on young women in Ghana: A qualitative study. Nurs Open 2021; 8:29-38. [PMID: 33318809 PMCID: PMC7729654 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study was undertaken to discover the socioeconomic impact of breast cancer on young women in Ghana. Methods A qualitative exploratory and descriptive design was used to recruit 12 young women from the University of Ghana hospital, 37 Military hospital and Ridge hospital. Individual interviews were conducted face to face and data transcribed verbatim and analysed using content analysis. Results Three themes emerged: perceptions and beliefs; economic concerns; and secrecy. Participants perceived that breast cancer was a test of faith, a spiritual disease that is contagious and disgraceful. Mostly, participants stopped work to cater for themselves, and as a result, they encountered financial challenges. Their challenges were compounded with conscious efforts to keep diagnosis secret to avoid being stigmatized. Conclusion Young women living with breast cancer need support physically, economically and socially from healthcare providers, their families and the society at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merri Iddrisu
- Department of Adult HealthSchool of Nursing and MidwiferyUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
| | - Lydia Aziato
- Department of Adult HealthSchool of Nursing and MidwiferyUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
| | - Lillian A. Ohene
- Department of Community Health NursingSchool of Nursing and MidwiferyUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
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Bojanic K, Vukadin S, Grgic K, Malenica L, Sarcevic F, Smolic R, Kralik K, Včev A, Wu GY, Smolic M. The accuracy of breast cancer risk self-assessment does not correlate with knowledge about breast cancer and knowledge and attitudes towards primary chemoprevention. Prev Med Rep 2020; 20:101229. [PMID: 33145151 PMCID: PMC7593623 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase of breast cancer (BC) incidence has drawn attention to BC risk as means of reducing mortality and morbidity of the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of BC risk perception, evaluate factors that affect risk perception and assess the correlation between BC risk perception and attitudes towards BC chemoprevention. A cross-sectional study included total of 258 women with average and high-risk for BC according to the Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool (BCRAT). All data were collected by face-to-face interview by three trained 6th year medical school students using a 54-item questionnaire. Each participant's actual BC risk was compared to a perceived risk and the accuracy of the BC risk self-assessment was determined. 72% of high-risk women underestimated their BC risk (p < 0.001). One third of subjects with a family history of BC have also underestimated their own risk (p = 0.002). Women who responded to screening mammography were more informed about BC risk factors (p = 0.001). General knowledge about BC chemoprevention was surprisingly low, regardless of the accuracy of BC risk self-assessment. High-risk women appear to be unrealistically optimistic, since there was a significant difference between the accuracy of self-perceived risk and the objective BC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Bojanic
- Department of Biophysics and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia.,Department of Biophysics and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia.,Department of Radiology, Health Center Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Sonja Vukadin
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Kaja Grgic
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Luka Malenica
- Department of Patophysiology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Filip Sarcevic
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Robert Smolic
- Department of Patophysiology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia.,Department of Patophysiology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Kristina Kralik
- Department of Medical Statistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Včev
- Department of Patophysiology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia.,Department of Patophysiology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - George Y Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastrenterology/Hepatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Martina Smolic
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
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Masson G, Mills K, Griffin SJ, Sharp SJ, Klein WMP, Sutton S, Usher-Smith JA. A randomised controlled trial of the effect of providing online risk information and lifestyle advice for the most common preventable cancers. Prev Med 2020; 138:106154. [PMID: 32473959 PMCID: PMC7378571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Few trial data are available concerning the impact of personalised cancer risk information on behaviour. This study assessed the short-term effects of providing personalised cancer risk information on cancer risk beliefs and self-reported behaviour. We randomised 1018 participants, recruited through the online platform Prolific, to either a control group receiving cancer-specific lifestyle advice or one of three intervention groups receiving their computed 10-year risk of developing one of the five most common preventable cancers either as a bar chart, a pictograph or a qualitative scale alongside the same lifestyle advice. The primary outcome was change from baseline in computed risk relative to an individual with a recommended lifestyle (RRI)1 at three months. Secondary outcomes included: health-related behaviours, risk perception, anxiety, worry, intention to change behaviour, and a newly defined concept, risk conviction. After three months there were no between-group differences in change in RRI (p = 0.71). At immediate follow-up, accuracy of absolute risk perception (p < 0.001), absolute and comparative risk conviction (p < 0.001) and intention to increase fruit and vegetables (p = 0.026) and decrease processed meat (p = 0.033) were higher in all intervention groups relative to the control group. The increases in accuracy and conviction were only seen in individuals with high numeracy and low baseline conviction, respectively. These findings suggest that personalised cancer risk information alongside lifestyle advice can increase short-term risk accuracy and conviction without increasing worry or anxiety but has little impact on health-related behaviour. Trial registration: ISRCTN17450583. Registered 30 January 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnessa Masson
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 113, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK.
| | - Katie Mills
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 113, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK.
| | - Simon J Griffin
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 113, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK.
| | - Stephen J Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | | | - Stephen Sutton
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 113, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK.
| | - Juliet A Usher-Smith
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 113, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK.
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Nocini R, Capocasale G, Marchioni D, Zotti F. A Snapshot of Knowledge about Oral Cancer in Italy: A 505 Person Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4889. [PMID: 32645880 PMCID: PMC7370055 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Patients' knowledge about oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) plays an important role in primary prevention, early diagnosis, and prognosis and survival rate. The aim of this study was to assess OSCC awareness attitudes among general population in order to provide information for educational interventions. Methods: A survey delivered as a web-based questionnaire was submitted to 505 subjects (aged from 18 to 76 years) in Italy, and the answers collected were statistically analyzed. Information was collected about existence, incidence, features of lesions, risk factors of oral cancer, and self-inspection habits, together with details about professional reference figures and preventive behaviors. Results: Chi-square tests of independence with adjusted standardized residuals highlighted correlations between population features (age, gender, educational attainment, provenance, medical relationship, or previous diagnoses of oral cancer in family) and knowledge about oral cancer. Conclusions: Knowledge about OSCC among the Italian population is limited, and it might be advisable to implement nudging and sensitive customized campaigns in order to promote awareness and therefore improve the prognosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Nocini
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (R.N.); (D.M.)
| | - Giorgia Capocasale
- Section of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Daniele Marchioni
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (R.N.); (D.M.)
| | - Francesca Zotti
- Section of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
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Ahmed SB, Amer S, Hussein A, D. Kampani D, Al Hasham N, M. Assker M, Shawa N, Saleh D, Alfarouk KO. Assessing the Knowledge of Environmental Risk Factors for Cancer among the UAE Population: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17092984. [PMID: 32344867 PMCID: PMC7246594 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17092984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of cancer is increasing worldwide as well as in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Currently, researchers are advocating not only for prevention programs but also for early detection. In this study, we aimed to assess the general awareness of cancer among the UAE population, with a focus on environmental risk factors. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed, and a structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 385 participants. A total of 91.2% of the study population identified cancer as the leading cause of death, while 64.6% of the subjects were able to identify the key causes of cancer. A total of 87.3% and 70.5% of the participants were able to define tobacco and alcohol, respectively, as cancer-causing agents. Most of the study population failed to identify cancer-related infectious agents and incense smoke as carcinogens. Respondents in the medical professions had the highest knowledge score when compared with respondents with a non-medical profession and unemployed participants (p < 0.0005). To fill the gaps in cancer-related knowledge, participants were asked about their preferred method for cancer education, and 83.9% of the participants favored the media as a source of information. Conclusively, our findings indicated a gap in cancer knowledge among UAE residents, which highlights the importance of educational campaigns by health authorities; a follow-up study evaluating the success of educational campaigns is also warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrein B.M. Ahmed
- College of medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (S.A.); (A.H.); (D.D.K.); (N.A.H.); (M.M.A.); (D.S.)
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sara Amer
- College of medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (S.A.); (A.H.); (D.D.K.); (N.A.H.); (M.M.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Amal Hussein
- College of medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (S.A.); (A.H.); (D.D.K.); (N.A.H.); (M.M.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Drishti D. Kampani
- College of medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (S.A.); (A.H.); (D.D.K.); (N.A.H.); (M.M.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Nour Al Hasham
- College of medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (S.A.); (A.H.); (D.D.K.); (N.A.H.); (M.M.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Mohamed M. Assker
- College of medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (S.A.); (A.H.); (D.D.K.); (N.A.H.); (M.M.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Nour Shawa
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE;
| | - Dima Saleh
- College of medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (S.A.); (A.H.); (D.D.K.); (N.A.H.); (M.M.A.); (D.S.)
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Sasanfar B, Toorang F, Nemati S, Djazayery A, Zendehdel K. Development and validation of a knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire on nutrition-related cancer prevention for Iranian women. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 24:87. [PMID: 31741659 PMCID: PMC6856541 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_777_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Designing cancer prevention programs needs information on knowledge, attitude, and practice of the community. Unfortunately, this information is not available in Iran. Materials and Methods: We developed a questionnaire (NUTCANKAPQ) to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Iranian women regarding cancer prevention dietary habits. We recruited women who had referred to public health-care centers in Tehran, Iran. To assess validity, we applied face, content, and construct validity methods. We performed test–retest approaches to assess reliability, and internal consistency of the questionnaire was assessed through Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results: Qualitative content validity was carried out by an expert panel, and internal consistency was deemed satisfactory (Cronbach's alpha, >0.6). We also observed high reliability in the questionnaire (ICC = 0.85). The mean (± standard deviation) scores for knowledge, attitude, and practice of study participants were 28.3 (±14.1), 67.1 (±18.9), and 53.7 (±8.3), respectively. The result of exploratory factor analysis, Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO), implied that the model was reasonably fit (KMO > 0.6). The final questionnaire included seventy items. Conclusion: NUTCANKAPQ is a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of cancer-related nutrition knowledge, attitude, and practice among the Iranian population. Application of NUTCANKAPQ may provide important clues for policy-making and improvement of cancer prevention programs among the Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Sasanfar
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Toorang
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Nemati
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolghassem Djazayery
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Zendehdel
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lamore K, Ducrot P, Latino-Martel P, Soler M, Foucaud J. Diet, Physical Activity, Obesity, and Breastfeeding: How French People Perceive Factors Associated with Cancer Risk. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102491. [PMID: 31623260 PMCID: PMC6836119 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The French Cancer Barometer, a population-based-survey, is carried out every five years and is, to date, one of the few national studies conducted to investigate individual perception linked to cancer risk factors. The aims of the present study were to describe the perceptions of the French population in 2015 and to assess their evolution over a 5-year period (2010–2015). The French Cancer Barometer surveyed a randomly selected sample of participants aged 15–75 years (n = 3345 in 2010) and 15–85 years (n = 3764 in 2015), representative of the French population. Questions were on perception of diet, physical activity, obesity, and breastfeeding as cancer risk factors. In 2015, nutritional/activity factors were perceived as having an important role in cancer development for the majority of those surveyed (diet (90.8%), obesity (76%), and physical activity (70%)) with the exception being breastfeeding (34%). However, there was a moderate perception of the risks of red meat (43%) and salt or salty food (55%) consumption. Perceptions of nutritional risk factors were mostly associated with age and education level. Interestingly, there was a greater perception of nutritional risk factors in 2015 compared to 2010, and the participants’ opinions were also stronger. Efforts should be made on individuals with lower educational level and to promote the beneficial effects of breastfeeding. However, to impact food behavior, measures are needed at the environmental level and not only at the individual one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher Lamore
- Institut National du Cancer (INCa), 52 avenue André Morizet, 92513 Boulogne Billancourt, France.
- Université de Paris, LPPS, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
| | - Pauline Ducrot
- Santé publique France, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, 94415 Saint-Maurice, France.
| | - Paule Latino-Martel
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, F-93017 Bobigny, France.
- French network for Nutrition And Cancer Research (NACRe network), Bâtiment 400, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Marion Soler
- Institut National du Cancer (INCa), 52 avenue André Morizet, 92513 Boulogne Billancourt, France.
| | - Jérôme Foucaud
- Institut National du Cancer (INCa), 52 avenue André Morizet, 92513 Boulogne Billancourt, France.
- Laboratoire Éducation et Pratiques de Santé (LEPS EA 3412), Université Paris 13-UFR SMBH, 93017 Bobigny, France.
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Domínguez M, Sapiña L. From sweeteners to cell phones-Cancer myths and beliefs among journalism undergraduates. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2019; 29:e13180. [PMID: 31583776 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The media are an important source of health information that can help people make their own medical decisions. However, medical news can also transmit biases produced by different factors, such as the previously held beliefs of journalists. This study identifies which cancer myths are more popular among future journalists and whether their beliefs are related to their chosen source of health information. METHODS A survey was conducted among journalism undergraduates (N = 249) to determine which cancer myths existed and how widespread they were. The survey included a list with different sources of health information and eight questions regarding cancer-related myths. RESULTS The most extensive myths among the undergraduate respondents were that sweeteners (40.2%) and cell phones (48.2%) produce cancer and that a patient's good or bad attitude can determine the outcome of such an illness (52.2%). Respondents who relied on their family and friends as a source of health information were more prone to believe in cancer myths. CONCLUSION This research focuses on future journalists as a group of special interest for improving knowledge about cancer. Future campaigns to debunk cancer misconceptions should pay attention to the role played by family and friends as agents of health information transmittance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Domínguez
- Department of the Theory of Language and Communication Sciences, Faculty of Philology, Translation and Communication, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lucía Sapiña
- The Two Cultures Observatory, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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29
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Low awareness, adherence, and practice but positive attitudes regarding lifestyle recommendations among non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients. Urol Oncol 2019; 37:573.e1-573.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wiseman KP, Klein WMP. Evaluating Correlates of Awareness of the Association between Drinking Too Much Alcohol and Cancer Risk in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:1195-1201. [PMID: 31043419 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Awareness that alcohol consumption is associated with cancer is low in the United States, and predictors of awareness are not well understood. METHODS Data from the 2017 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 5 Cycle 1) were used to describe knowledge of the association between drinking too much alcohol and cancer ("Yes," aware of the association; "No"; or "Don't know") among 3,009 adults. Weighted multinomial multivariable logistic regression determined personal characteristics (e.g., demographic characteristics, health-related self-efficacy, cancer beliefs, and information seeking) associated with reporting "Yes" or "Don't know" compared with "No." RESULTS Thirty-eight percent of the U.S. population believed there was an association (38.36%), 36.17% were uncertain, and 25.47% believed there was no association. People believing that everything causes cancer and people who had ever looked up information about cancer had 1.61 and 1.80 higher odds of reporting "Yes" [95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.08-2.42 and 1.27-2.57, respectively]. Compared with people who were completely confident in their ability to take care of their health, people only somewhat confident had 2.32 higher odds of reporting "Don't know" (95% CI, 1.30-4.14). Younger age was negatively associated with reporting "Don't know." CONCLUSIONS Awareness of the association between alcohol and cancer is low in the United States. Personal characteristics associated with awareness differed between reporting "Yes" and "Don't know," and there were few associations between demographic characteristics and awareness. IMPACT A significant knowledge gap exists in the population. Broad reaching public health media campaigns, particularly those that increase information seeking, are needed to increase awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara P Wiseman
- Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - William M P Klein
- Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Lizama N, Jongenelis M, Slevin T. Awareness of cancer risk factors and protective factors among Australian adults. Health Promot J Austr 2019; 31:77-83. [PMID: 30932242 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Up to one-third of incident cancers in Australia are attributable to modifiable factors. Understanding the general public's awareness of cancer risk and protective factors is important for identifying knowledge gaps and informing the development of effective and targeted health promotion strategies. METHODS In a telephonic survey of 355 Western Australian adults aged 18-54 years (48% male), with a sample skewed towards low-socio-economic status areas, respondents rated the effect on cancer risk of 11 established cancer risk factors and seven established cancer protective factors. RESULTS Most respondents correctly recognised the increased cancer risk from sun tanning (94%), asbestos (92%), pesticide use (92%) and being overweight or obese (86%), and the protective effect of being physically active (82%). Half (52%) of respondents incorrectly believed that red wine decreased or had no effect on cancer risk. One in five respondents (19%) incorrectly believed that sunscreen use increased cancer risk. Only 18% of respondents were aware that human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination confers a protective effect, while 17% believed it increases risk. CONCLUSIONS Although the majority of respondents were aware of certain established cancer risk and protective factors, a sizeable proportion held misconceptions about the cancer risk associated with red wine consumption, sunscreen use and HPV vaccination. SO WHAT?: Health promotion programs designed to educate the public about modifiable cancer risk factors may need to increase public awareness of the safety of preventive factors such as HPV vaccination and sunscreen, and the increased cancer risk from consumption of all alcoholic beverage types, including red wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Lizama
- Cancer Council Western Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Curtin University, School of Psychology, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | | | - Terry Slevin
- Cancer Council Western Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Public Health Association of Australia, Curtin, ACT, Australia
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Usher-Smith JA, Sharp SJ, Luben R, Griffin SJ. Development and Validation of Lifestyle-Based Models to Predict Incidence of the Most Common Potentially Preventable Cancers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:67-75. [PMID: 30213791 PMCID: PMC6330056 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most risk models for cancer are either specific to individual cancers or include complex or predominantly non-modifiable risk factors. METHODS We developed lifestyle-based models for the five cancers for which the most cases are potentially preventable through lifestyle change in the UK (lung, colorectal, bladder, kidney, and esophageal for men and breast, lung, colorectal, endometrial, and kidney for women). We selected lifestyle risk factors from the European Code against Cancer and obtained estimates of relative risks from meta-analyses of observational studies. We used mean values for risk factors from nationally representative samples and mean 10-year estimated absolute risks from routinely available sources. We then assessed the performance of the models in 23,768 participants in the EPIC-Norfolk cohort who had no history of the five selected cancers at baseline. RESULTS In men, the combined risk model showed good discrimination [AUC, 0.71; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.69-0.73] and calibration. Discrimination was lower in women (AUC, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.57-0.61), but calibration was good. In both sexes, the individual models for lung cancer had the highest AUCs (0.83; 95% CI, 0.80-0.85 for men and 0.82; 95% CI, 0.76-0.87 for women). The lowest AUCs were for breast cancer in women and kidney cancer in men. CONCLUSIONS The discrimination and calibration of the models are both reasonable, with the discrimination for individual cancers comparable or better than many other published risk models. IMPACT These models could be used to demonstrate the potential impact of lifestyle change on risk of cancer to promote behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet A Usher-Smith
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Stephen J Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Griffin
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Hooper L, Anderson AS, Birch J, Forster AS, Rosenberg G, Bauld L, Vohra J. Public awareness and healthcare professional advice for obesity as a risk factor for cancer in the UK: a cross-sectional survey. J Public Health (Oxf) 2018; 40:797-805. [PMID: 29155951 PMCID: PMC6306085 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdx145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight and obesity is the second biggest preventable cause of cancer after smoking, causing ~3.4 million deaths worldwide. This study provides current UK data on awareness of the link between obesity and cancer by socio-demographic factors, including BMI, and explores to what degree healthcare professionals provide weight management advice to patients. Methods Cross-sectional survey of 3293 adults completed an online survey in February/March 2016, weighted to be representative of the UK population aged 18+. Results Public awareness of the link between obesity and cancer is low (25.4% unprompted and 57.5% prompted). Higher levels of awareness existed for least deprived groups (P < 0.001), compared to more deprived groups. Most respondents had seen a healthcare practitioner in the past 12 months (91.6%) and 17.4% had received advice about their weight, although 48.4% of the sample were overweight/obese. Conclusion Cancer is not at the forefront of people's minds when considering health conditions associated with overweight or obesity. Socio-economic disparities exist in health knowledge across the UK population, with adults from more affluent groups being most aware. Healthcare professionals are uniquely positioned to provide advice about weight, but opportunities for intervention are currently under-utilized in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Hooper
- Policy Research Centre for Cancer Prevention (PRCP), Cancer Research UK, Angel Building, 407 St. John Street, London, UK
| | - Annie S Anderson
- Centre for Research into Cancer Prevention and Screening, Level 7, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jack Birch
- Policy Research Centre for Cancer Prevention (PRCP), Cancer Research UK, Angel Building, 407 St. John Street, London, UK
| | - Alice S Forster
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, UCL, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - Gillian Rosenberg
- Policy Research Centre for Cancer Prevention (PRCP), Cancer Research UK, Angel Building, 407 St. John Street, London, UK
| | - Linda Bauld
- Cancer Research UK, Angel Building, 407 St. John Street, London, UK
- University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Jyotsna Vohra
- Policy Research Centre for Cancer Prevention (PRCP), Cancer Research UK, Angel Building, 407 St. John Street, London, UK
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Aljuhani SH, Bamaroof SA, Alghamdi TH, Almogbel AA, Alkhammash AS, Alkhammash BS, Bahusayn AA, Bangash MH, Baeesa SS, Chaudhary AG, Abuzenadah AM, Mirza AA, Saka MY, Hussein DM. Public awareness of central nervous system tumors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. NEUROSCIENCES (RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA) 2018; 23:227-237. [PMID: 30007999 PMCID: PMC8015579 DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2018.3.20180055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate individuals` knowledge about central nervous system tumors (CNST) signs and symptoms and risk factors, as well as their readiness to seek medical advice. The signs and symptoms associated with CNSTs are often vague, and failure to recognize them could lead to delays in seeking help and possibly fatal results. METHODS This was a cross-sectional survey that utilized 2 delivery methods. A total of 1,500 personally delivered and 1,500 online self-administered questionnaires were completed in parallel between June 2015 and June 2016 for the occupants of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. RESULTS Significant differences were observed for the sociodemographic characteristics of participants recruited via the 2 methods. The most recognized symptom was "Headaches" (45.2%), and the most recognized risk factor was "Radioactive location/occupation" (84.1%). Overall knowledge scores were low, significantly predicted by employment and cancer contact (p<0.05), while the scores significantly higher for participants who were willing to see their doctors within a week (p<0.005). The most recognized barrier to seeking help was "Worry about what the doctor might find" (74.0%). CONCLUSION The level of awareness of CNSTs was low. Using a questionnaire delivered in 2 different ways enabled the recruitment of sample pools with different sociodemographic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahad H. Aljuhani
- From the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences (Aljuhani, Bamaroof, Alghamdi, Almogbel, Alkhammash A, Alkhammash B, Bahusayn, Chaudhary, Abuzenadah, Mirza), Division of Neurosurgery (Bangash, Baeesa), Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (Chaudhary), and from King Fahd Medical Research Center (Abuzenadah, Saka, Hussein), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saja A. Bamaroof
- From the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences (Aljuhani, Bamaroof, Alghamdi, Almogbel, Alkhammash A, Alkhammash B, Bahusayn, Chaudhary, Abuzenadah, Mirza), Division of Neurosurgery (Bangash, Baeesa), Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (Chaudhary), and from King Fahd Medical Research Center (Abuzenadah, Saka, Hussein), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thoraya H. Alghamdi
- From the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences (Aljuhani, Bamaroof, Alghamdi, Almogbel, Alkhammash A, Alkhammash B, Bahusayn, Chaudhary, Abuzenadah, Mirza), Division of Neurosurgery (Bangash, Baeesa), Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (Chaudhary), and from King Fahd Medical Research Center (Abuzenadah, Saka, Hussein), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhanoof A. Almogbel
- From the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences (Aljuhani, Bamaroof, Alghamdi, Almogbel, Alkhammash A, Alkhammash B, Bahusayn, Chaudhary, Abuzenadah, Mirza), Division of Neurosurgery (Bangash, Baeesa), Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (Chaudhary), and from King Fahd Medical Research Center (Abuzenadah, Saka, Hussein), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhanof S. Alkhammash
- From the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences (Aljuhani, Bamaroof, Alghamdi, Almogbel, Alkhammash A, Alkhammash B, Bahusayn, Chaudhary, Abuzenadah, Mirza), Division of Neurosurgery (Bangash, Baeesa), Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (Chaudhary), and from King Fahd Medical Research Center (Abuzenadah, Saka, Hussein), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Batool S. Alkhammash
- From the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences (Aljuhani, Bamaroof, Alghamdi, Almogbel, Alkhammash A, Alkhammash B, Bahusayn, Chaudhary, Abuzenadah, Mirza), Division of Neurosurgery (Bangash, Baeesa), Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (Chaudhary), and from King Fahd Medical Research Center (Abuzenadah, Saka, Hussein), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad A. Bahusayn
- From the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences (Aljuhani, Bamaroof, Alghamdi, Almogbel, Alkhammash A, Alkhammash B, Bahusayn, Chaudhary, Abuzenadah, Mirza), Division of Neurosurgery (Bangash, Baeesa), Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (Chaudhary), and from King Fahd Medical Research Center (Abuzenadah, Saka, Hussein), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad H. Bangash
- From the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences (Aljuhani, Bamaroof, Alghamdi, Almogbel, Alkhammash A, Alkhammash B, Bahusayn, Chaudhary, Abuzenadah, Mirza), Division of Neurosurgery (Bangash, Baeesa), Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (Chaudhary), and from King Fahd Medical Research Center (Abuzenadah, Saka, Hussein), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh S. Baeesa
- From the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences (Aljuhani, Bamaroof, Alghamdi, Almogbel, Alkhammash A, Alkhammash B, Bahusayn, Chaudhary, Abuzenadah, Mirza), Division of Neurosurgery (Bangash, Baeesa), Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (Chaudhary), and from King Fahd Medical Research Center (Abuzenadah, Saka, Hussein), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel G. Chaudhary
- From the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences (Aljuhani, Bamaroof, Alghamdi, Almogbel, Alkhammash A, Alkhammash B, Bahusayn, Chaudhary, Abuzenadah, Mirza), Division of Neurosurgery (Bangash, Baeesa), Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (Chaudhary), and from King Fahd Medical Research Center (Abuzenadah, Saka, Hussein), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel M. Abuzenadah
- From the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences (Aljuhani, Bamaroof, Alghamdi, Almogbel, Alkhammash A, Alkhammash B, Bahusayn, Chaudhary, Abuzenadah, Mirza), Division of Neurosurgery (Bangash, Baeesa), Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (Chaudhary), and from King Fahd Medical Research Center (Abuzenadah, Saka, Hussein), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Mirza
- From the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences (Aljuhani, Bamaroof, Alghamdi, Almogbel, Alkhammash A, Alkhammash B, Bahusayn, Chaudhary, Abuzenadah, Mirza), Division of Neurosurgery (Bangash, Baeesa), Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (Chaudhary), and from King Fahd Medical Research Center (Abuzenadah, Saka, Hussein), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Y. Saka
- From the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences (Aljuhani, Bamaroof, Alghamdi, Almogbel, Alkhammash A, Alkhammash B, Bahusayn, Chaudhary, Abuzenadah, Mirza), Division of Neurosurgery (Bangash, Baeesa), Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (Chaudhary), and from King Fahd Medical Research Center (Abuzenadah, Saka, Hussein), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Deema M. Hussein
- From the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences (Aljuhani, Bamaroof, Alghamdi, Almogbel, Alkhammash A, Alkhammash B, Bahusayn, Chaudhary, Abuzenadah, Mirza), Division of Neurosurgery (Bangash, Baeesa), Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (Chaudhary), and from King Fahd Medical Research Center (Abuzenadah, Saka, Hussein), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Scheideler JK, Klein WM. Awareness of the Link between Alcohol Consumption and Cancer across the World: A Review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:429-437. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Usher-Smith JA, Silarova B, Sharp SJ, Mills K, Griffin SJ. Effect of interventions incorporating personalised cancer risk information on intentions and behaviour: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e017717. [PMID: 29362249 PMCID: PMC5786113 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a comprehensive review of the impact on intention to change health-related behaviours and health-related behaviours themselves, including screening uptake, of interventions incorporating information about cancer risk targeted at the general adult population. DESIGN A systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES An electronic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO from 1 January 2000 to 1 July 2017. INCLUSION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials of interventions including provision of a personal estimate of future cancer risk based on two or more non-genetic variables to adults recruited from the general population that include at least one behavioural outcome. RESULTS We included 19 studies reporting 12 outcomes. There was significant heterogeneity in interventions and outcomes between studies. There is evidence that interventions incorporating personalised cancer risk information do not affect intention to attend or attendance at screening (relative risk 1.00 (0.97-1.03)). There is limited evidence that they increase smoking abstinence, sun protection, adult skin self-examination and breast examination, and decrease intention to tan. However, they do not increase smoking cessation, parental child skin examination or intention to protect skin. No studies assessed changes in diet, alcohol consumption or physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Interventions incorporating personalised cancer risk information do not affect uptake of screening, but there is limited evidence of effect on some health-related behaviours. Further research, ideally including objective measures of behaviour, is needed before cancer risk information is incorporated into routine practice for health promotion in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet A Usher-Smith
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Barbora Silarova
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen J Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katie Mills
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon J Griffin
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Usher-Smith JA, Silarova B, Lophatananon A, Duschinsky R, Campbell J, Warcaba J, Muir K. Responses to provision of personalised cancer risk information: a qualitative interview study with members of the public. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:977. [PMID: 29273050 PMCID: PMC5741964 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is estimated that nearly 600,000 cancer cases in the UK could have been avoided in the past five years if people had healthier lifestyles. A number of theories of behaviour change suggest that before people will change health behaviours, they must accept that a risk applies to them. This study aimed to explore the views of the public on receiving personalised cancer risk information and the potential for that information to motivate behaviour change. METHODS We conducted 27 interviews with members of the public (mean age 49 ± 23 years). Each participant completed a questionnaire to allow calculation of their risk of developing the most common cancers (10 for women, 8 for men). During the interviews we presented their risk using a web-based tool developed for the study and discussions covered their views on receiving that information. Each interview was audio-recorded and then analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Participants generally viewed the concept of personalised cancer risk positively. The first reaction of almost all when presented with their 10-year risk of an individual cancer without any further context was that it was low and not concerning. Views on what constituted a high risk ranged widely, from 0.5 to 60%. All felt seeing the impact of changes in lifestyle was helpful. For some this led to intentions to change behaviour, but reductions in risk were not always motivating as the risks were considered low and differences small. CONCLUSIONS Provision of personalised cancer risk was well received and may be a useful addition to other cancer prevention initiatives. Further work is needed in particular to develop ways to present cancer risk that reflect the general perception of what constitutes a risk high enough to motivate behaviour change and help patients contextualise a less well known health risk by providing a frame of reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet A. Usher-Smith
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Box 113 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SR UK
| | - Barbora Silarova
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Robbie Duschinsky
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Box 113 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SR UK
| | - Jackie Campbell
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Northampton, Park Campus, Boughton Green Road, Northampton, NN2 7AL UK
| | - Joanne Warcaba
- Moulton Surgery, 120 Northampton Lane North, Moulton, NN3 7QP UK
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
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Hoare E, Stavreski B, Kingwell BA, Jennings GL. Australian adults' behaviours, knowledge and perceptions of risk factors for heart disease: A cross-sectional study. Prev Med Rep 2017; 8:204-209. [PMID: 29147639 PMCID: PMC5676092 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to determine Australian adults' perceptions of risk factors for heart disease, self-reported behaviours relating to modifiable risk factors, and knowledge of leading causes of death. This study reports on HeartWatch survey data collected between January 2015 and December 2015 in a sample of Australian adults. The setting of the research was Australian communities, with all states and territories represented in the final sample. Participants were Australian adults aged 30–59 years (n = 8425), and were representative of the wider Australian population based on key demographic and health characteristics. Half of the sample overall correctly identified heart disease as the biggest underlying cause of death of males, and 26% for women. For risk factors for heart disease, respondents most frequently reported; poor diet (58.2%, 95%CI 57.0–59.1), physical inactivity (49.0%, 95%CI 47.9–50.1) and smoking (38.7%, 95%CI 37.7–39.8). A low proportion (< 10%) recognised underlying clinical risk factors for heart disease including high blood pressure (6.3%, 95%CI 5.8–6.8) and dyslipidaemia (9.8%, 95%CI 9.2–10.5). This study revealed broad misconceptions with regard to the leading cause of death and risk factors for heart disease among Australian men and women. Overall the lack of understanding in all groups suggests the need for a comprehensive national campaign reaching schools and the broad adult population. The health system alone cannot achieve national and international targets for disease prevention without understanding and engagement in the general community. There are broad misconceptions with regard to risk factors for heart disease. The recognition of clinical risk factors for heart disease was poor. Comprehensive national campaigns are needed to achieve prevention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Hoare
- Metabolic and Vascular Physiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Corresponding author at: Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne 3004, Australia.Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteLevel 499 Commercial RdMelbourne3004Australia
| | - Bill Stavreski
- National Heart Foundation of Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bronwyn A. Kingwell
- Metabolic and Vascular Physiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Garry L. Jennings
- Metabolic and Vascular Physiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- National Heart Foundation of Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Vrieling A, Visser A, Hoedjes M, Hurks M, Gómez García E, Hoogerbrugge N, Kampman E. Increasing awareness and knowledge of lifestyle recommendations for cancer prevention in Lynch syndrome carriers: Randomized controlled trial. Clin Genet 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Vrieling
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences; Radboud university medical center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - A. Visser
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences; Radboud university medical center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - M. Hoedjes
- Department of Health Sciences; VU Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - M. Hurks
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences; Radboud university medical center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - E. Gómez García
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Maastricht University Medical Center; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - N. Hoogerbrugge
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Maastricht University Medical Center; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - E. Kampman
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences; Radboud university medical center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition; Wageningen University; Wageningen The Netherlands
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40
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A Review on the Role of Physical Activity in Cancer Prevention: Middle East Reports. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.8992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wakefield MA, Brennan E, Dunstone K, Durkin SJ, Dixon HG, Pettigrew S, Slater MD. Features of alcohol harm reduction advertisements that most motivate reduced drinking among adults: an advertisement response study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e014193. [PMID: 28428186 PMCID: PMC5775461 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To improve the effectiveness of alcohol harm reduction mass media campaigns, this study aimed to (1) identify existing advertisements (ads) with greatest potential to motivate reduced alcohol consumption, (2) assess consistency across audience subgroups in ad effectiveness and (3) identify ad features associated with effectiveness. DESIGN Cross-sectional online ad response study with random assignment to view ads. PARTICIPANTS 2174 Australian adult weekly drinkers recruited from an online panel. PROCEDURE Participants were randomly assigned to view three of 83 English-language alcohol harm reduction ads. Each ad was viewed and rated by a mean of 79 participants. OUTCOME MEASURE After viewing each ad, participants reported the extent to which they felt motivated to reduce their drinking. Ads were ranked from most to least motivating using predicted means adjusted for demographic characteristics and alcohol consumption. We compared the characteristics of the top-ranked 15% of ads (most motivating) with the middle 70% and bottom 15%. RESULTS An ad about the link between alcohol and cancer ('Spread') was most motivating, whereas an ad that encouraged drinking water instead of beer ('Add nothing') was least motivating. Top-ranked ads were more likely than other ads to feature a 'why change' message and less likely to carry a 'how to change' message; more likely to address long-term harms; more likely to be aimed at the general adult drinking population and more likely to include drinking guidelines. There was substantial overlap in top-ranked ads for younger versus older adults, men versus women and high-risk versus low-risk drinker subgroups. CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of alcohol harm reduction campaigns may be improved by directly communicating alcohol's long-term harms to the general adult population of drinkers along with drinking guidelines. By doing so, campaigns can also efficiently influence high-risk drinkers and key demographic subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Wakefield
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily Brennan
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kimberley Dunstone
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah J Durkin
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen G Dixon
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simone Pettigrew
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael D Slater
- School of Communication, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Terzioğlu G, Özgü E, Kılıç MÖ, Yıldız Y, Güngör T. Evaluation of Breast Cancer Knowledge and Awareness Among Hospital Staff in a Women Heath Hospital in Turkey. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2017; 32:59-64. [PMID: 26755238 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-015-0981-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine breast cancer prevention knowledge, beliefs, and information sources among people which are employed in healthcare system including nurses and hospital staff. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among hospital staff of the largest women health hospital in Turkey. Self-administered questionnaires were delivered to participants. A total of 200 hospital staff participated to the study with a response rate of 80.5 %. One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey test was used for multiple comparisons. The results showed that the overall knowledge of hospital staff about breast cancer is inadequate. The mean total knowledge score of the participants was approximately 60 %. The overall mean score of the survey for all participants was 16.69 (SD, 3.12) out of 27. Significant difference was detected in mean total score among educational levels. Education and increasing awareness about the disease can be identified as the major determinants for improving the percentages of early diagnosis and decreasing the mortality rates. Hospital staff education should be the key target for increasing the awareness of whole population especially for developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökay Terzioğlu
- General Surgery Clinic, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre Özgü
- Gynecologic Oncology Clinic, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Murat Özgür Kılıç
- General Surgery Clinic, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yunus Yıldız
- Dr. Vefa Tanır Ilgın State Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Güngör
- Gynecologic Oncology Clinic, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hitit University Faculty of Medicine, Çorum, Turkey
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Di Daniele N, Noce A, Vidiri MF, Moriconi E, Marrone G, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, D’Urso G, Tesauro M, Rovella V, De Lorenzo A. Impact of Mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome, cancer and longevity. Oncotarget 2017; 8:8947-8979. [PMID: 27894098 PMCID: PMC5352455 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity symbolizes a major public health problem. Overweight and obesity are associated to the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome and to adipose tissue dysfunction. The adipose tissue is metabolically active and an endocrine organ, whose dysregulation causes a low-grade inflammatory state and ectopic fat depositions. The Mediterranean Diet represents a possible therapy for metabolic syndrome, preventing adiposopathy or "sick fat" formation.The Mediterranean Diet exerts protective effects in elderly subjects with and without baseline of chronic diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated a relationship between cancer and obesity. In the US, diet represents amount 30-35% of death causes related to cancer. Currently, the cancer is the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Furthermore, populations living in the Mediterranean area have a decreased incidence of cancer compared with populations living in Northern Europe or the US, likely due to healthier dietary habits. The bioactive food components have a potential preventive action on cancer. The aims of this review are to evaluate the impact of Mediterranean Diet on onset, progression and regression of metabolic syndrome, cancer and on longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Annalisa Noce
- Department of Systems Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Vidiri
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Division of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Eleonora Moriconi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Division of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Giulia Marrone
- Department of Systems Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele D’Urso
- Department of Systems Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Manfredi Tesauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Valentina Rovella
- Department of Systems Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Division of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
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Coomber K, Mayshak R, Curtis A, Miller PG. Awareness and correlates of short-term and long-term consequences of alcohol use among Australian drinkers. Aust N Z J Public Health 2017; 41:237-242. [PMID: 28110495 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate awareness of short-term and long-term consequences of alcohol use among a sample of Australian adult drinkers. Demographic correlates of the awareness of each consequence were also explored. METHODS Participants aged 18-45 years (n=1,061; mean age=33.2 years) drawn from an online panel completed a web-based survey assessing demographics, awareness of alcohol warning labels, and awareness of seven short-term and 12 long-term consequences of alcohol use. RESULTS The level of awareness of short- and long-term consequences ranged from 16% (breast cancer) to 69% (low coordination and slower reflexes). The study found consistent differences in awareness of consequences by gender, with some differences for specific consequences by age, education, SES, rurality and awareness of alcohol warning labels. CONCLUSIONS Most consumers lack a sufficient understanding of the potential consequences of alcohol use. Particular subgroups of drinkers may not equate drinking with negative consequences. Implications for public health: Front-of-label alcohol warnings on all products and public health and education campaigns presenting messages targeting subgroups of drinkers could increase awareness of short- and long-term negative health and social effects of alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Coomber
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria
| | - Richelle Mayshak
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria
| | - Ashlee Curtis
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria
| | - Peter G Miller
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria
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McCartney DMA, Byrne DG, Cantwell MM, Turner MJ. Cancer incidence in Ireland—the possible role of diet, nutrition and lifestyle. J Public Health (Oxf) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-016-0769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Beavis AL, Smith AJB, Fader AN. Lifestyle changes and the risk of developing endometrial and ovarian cancers: opportunities for prevention and management. Int J Womens Health 2016; 8:151-67. [PMID: 27284267 PMCID: PMC4883806 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s88367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Modifiable lifestyle factors, such as obesity, lack of physical activity, and smoking, contribute greatly to cancer and chronic disease morbidity and mortality worldwide. This review appraises recent evidence on modifiable lifestyle factors in the prevention of endometrial cancer (EC) and ovarian cancer (OC) as well as new evidence for lifestyle management of EC and OC survivors. For EC, obesity continues to be the strongest risk factor, while new evidence suggests that physical activity, oral contraceptive pills, and bariatric surgery may be protective against EC. Other medications, such as metformin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, may be protective, and interventional research is ongoing. For OC, we find increasing evidence to support the hypothesis that obesity and hormone replacement therapy increase the risk of developing OC. Oral contraceptive pills are protective against OC but are underutilized. Dietary factors such as the Mediterranean diet and alcohol consumption do not seem to affect the risk of either OC or EC. For EC and OC survivors, physical activity and weight loss are associated with improved quality of life. Small interventional trials show promise in increasing physical activity and weight maintenance for EC and OC survivors, although the impact on long-term health, including cancer recurrence and overall mortality, is unknown. Women's health providers should integrate counseling about these modifiable lifestyle factors into both the discussion of prevention for all women and the management of survivors of gynecologic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Beavis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Kelly Gynecologic Oncology Service, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Amanda Nickles Fader
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Kelly Gynecologic Oncology Service, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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