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Mullally CA, Fahriani M, Mowlaboccus S, Coombs GW. Non- faecium non- faecalis enterococci: a review of clinical manifestations, virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0012123. [PMID: 38466110 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00121-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYEnterococci are a diverse group of Gram-positive bacteria that are typically found as commensals in humans, animals, and the environment. Occasionally, they may cause clinically relevant diseases such as endocarditis, septicemia, urinary tract infections, and wound infections. The majority of clinical infections in humans are caused by two species: Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. However, there is an increasing number of clinical infections caused by non-faecium non-faecalis (NFF) enterococci. Although NFF enterococcal species are often overlooked, studies have shown that they may harbor antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and virulence factors that are found in E. faecium and E. faecalis. In this review, we present an overview of the NFF enterococci with a particular focus on human clinical manifestations, epidemiology, virulence genes, and AMR genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Mullally
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases (AMRID) Research Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marhami Fahriani
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases (AMRID) Research Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shakeel Mowlaboccus
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases (AMRID) Research Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine-WA, Department of Microbiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Geoffrey W Coombs
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases (AMRID) Research Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine-WA, Department of Microbiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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Abbas W, Bi R, Hussain MD, Tajdar A, Guo F, Guo Y, Wang Z. Antibiotic Cocktail Effects on Intestinal Microbial Community, Barrier Function, and Immune Function in Early Broiler Chickens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:413. [PMID: 38786141 PMCID: PMC11117290 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of an antibiotic cocktail on intestinal microbial composition, mechanical barrier structure, and immune functions in early broilers. One-day-old healthy male broiler chicks were treated with a broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktail (ABX; neomycin, ampicillin, metronidazole, vancomycin, and kanamycin, 0.5 g/L each) or not in drinking water for 7 and 14 days, respectively. Sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed that ABX treatment significantly reduced relative Firmicutes, unclassified Lachnospiraceae, unclassified Oscillospiraceae, Ruminococcus torques, and unclassified Ruminococcaceae abundance in the cecum and relative Firmicutes, Lactobacillus and Baccillus abundance in the ileum, but significantly increased richness (Chao and ACE indices) and relative Enterococcus abundance in the ileum and cecum along with relatively enriched Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Enterococcus levels in the ileum following ABX treatment for 14 days. ABX treatment for 14 days also significantly decreased intestinal weight and length, along with villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD) of the small intestine, and remarkably increased serum LPS, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IgG levels, as well as intestinal mucosa DAO and MPO activity. Moreover, prolonged use of ABX significantly downregulated occludin, ZO-1, and mucin 2 gene expression, along with goblet cell numbers in the ileum. Additionally, chickens given ABX for 14 days had lower acetic acid, butyric acid, and isobutyric acid content in the cecum than the chickens treated with ABX for 7 days and untreated chickens. Spearman correlation analysis found that those decreased potential beneficial bacteria were positively correlated with gut health-related indices, while those increased potential pathogenic strains were positively correlated with gut inflammation and gut injury-related parameters. Taken together, prolonged ABX application increased antibiotic-resistant species abundance, induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, delayed intestinal morphological development, disrupted intestinal barrier function, and perturbed immune response in early chickens. This study provides a reliable lower-bacteria chicken model for further investigation of the function of certain beneficial bacteria in the gut by fecal microbiota transplantation into germ-free or antibiotic-treated chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China; (W.A.); (R.B.); (F.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Ruichen Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China; (W.A.); (R.B.); (F.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Muhammad Dilshad Hussain
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Alia Tajdar
- Key Laboratory of Insect Behavior and Harmless Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Fangshen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China; (W.A.); (R.B.); (F.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China; (W.A.); (R.B.); (F.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China; (W.A.); (R.B.); (F.G.); (Y.G.)
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Huang Y, Boyen F, Antonissen G, Vereecke N, Van Immerseel F. The Genetic Landscape of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Enterococcus cecorum Broiler Isolates. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:409. [PMID: 38786138 PMCID: PMC11117384 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus cecorum is associated with bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) in broilers. Prophylactic treatment with antimicrobials is common in the poultry industry, and, in the case of outbreaks, antimicrobial treatment is needed. In this study, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and epidemiological cutoff (ECOFF) values (COWT) for ten antimicrobials were determined in a collection of E. cecorum strains. Whole-genome sequencing data were analyzed for a selection of these E. cecorum strains to identify resistance determinants involved in the observed phenotypes. Wild-type and non-wild-type isolates were observed for the investigated antimicrobial agents. Several antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were detected in the isolates, linking phenotypes with genotypes for the resistance to vancomycin, tetracycline, lincomycin, spectinomycin, and tylosin. These detected resistance genes were located on mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Point mutations were found in isolates with a non-wild-type phenotype for enrofloxacin and ampicillin/ceftiofur. Isolates showing non-wild-type phenotypes for enrofloxacin had point mutations within the GyrA, GyrB, and ParC proteins, while five amino acid changes in penicillin-binding proteins (PBP2x superfamily) were observed in non-wild-type phenotypes for the tested β-lactam antimicrobials. This study is one of the first that describes the genetic landscape of ARGs within MGEs in E. cecorum, in association with phenotypical resistance determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (Y.H.); (G.A.)
| | - Filip Boyen
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (Y.H.); (G.A.)
| | - Gunther Antonissen
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (Y.H.); (G.A.)
| | - Nick Vereecke
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
- PathoSense BV, 2500 Lier, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (Y.H.); (G.A.)
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Wódz K, Chodkowska KA, Iwiński H, Różański H, Wojciechowski J. In Vitro Evaluation of Phytobiotic Mixture Antibacterial Potential against Enterococcus spp. Strains Isolated from Broiler Chicken. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4797. [PMID: 38732016 PMCID: PMC11084370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus spp. are normal intestinal tract microflorae found in poultry. However, the last decades have shown that several species, e.g., Enterococcus cecorum, have become emerging pathogens in broilers and may cause numerous losses in flocks. In this study, two combinations (H1 and H2) of menthol, 1,8-cineol, linalool, methyl salicylate, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, trans-anethole, terpinen-4-ol and thymol were used in an in vitro model, analyzing its effectiveness against the strains E. cecorum, E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. hirae and E. gallinarum isolated from broiler chickens from industrial farms. To identify the isolated strains classical microbiological methods and VITEK 2 GP cards were used. Moreover for E. cecorum a PCR test was used.. Antibiotic sensitivity (MIC) tests were performed for all the strains. For the composition H1, the effective dilution for E. cecorum and E. hirae strains was 1:512, and for E. faecalis, E. faecium and E. gallinarum, 1:1024. The second mixture (H2) showed very similar results with an effectiveness at 1:512 for E. cecorum and E. hirae and 1:1024 for E. faecalis, E. faecium and E. gallinarum. The presented results suggest that the proposed composition is effective against selected strains of Enterococcus in an in vitro model, and its effect is comparable to classical antibiotics used to treat this pathogen in poultry. This may suggest that this product may also be effective in vivo and provide effective support in the management of enterococcosis in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wódz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Vet-Lab Brudzew, Turkowska 58c, 62-720 Brudzew, Poland;
| | | | - Hubert Iwiński
- AdiFeed Sp. z o.o., Chrzanowska 15, 05-825 Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland; (H.I.); (H.R.)
| | - Henryk Różański
- AdiFeed Sp. z o.o., Chrzanowska 15, 05-825 Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland; (H.I.); (H.R.)
- Laboratory of Industrial and Experimental Biology, Institute for Health and Economics, Carpathian State College in Krosno, Rynek 1, 38-400 Krosno, Poland
| | - Jakub Wojciechowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Vet-Lab Brudzew, Turkowska 58c, 62-720 Brudzew, Poland;
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Hong JC, Chen JS, Jiang ZJ, Chen ZC, Ruan N, Yao XP. Microbiota in adult perianal abscess revealed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0347423. [PMID: 38385739 PMCID: PMC10986498 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03474-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The microbiota of perianal abscesses is scarcely investigated. Identifying causative bacteria is essential to develop antibiotic therapy. However, culture-based methods and molecular diagnostics through 16S PCR technology are often hampered by the polymicrobial nature of perianal abscesses. We sought to characterize the microbiota composition of perianal abscesses via metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Fourteen patients suffering from perianal abscesses between March 2023 and August 2023 underwent retrospective assessment. Information from medical records was used, including clinical information, laboratory data, and culture and mNGS results. Forty bacterial taxa were identified from perianal abscesses through mNGS, with Bilophila wadsworthia (71.4%), Bacteroides fragilis (57.1%), and Escherichia coli (50.0%) representing the most prevalent species. mNGS identified an increased number of bacterial taxa, with an average of 6.1 compared to a traditional culture-based method which only detected an average of 1.1 in culture-positive perianal abscess patients, predominantly E. coli (75.0%), revealing the polymicrobial nature of perianal abscesses. Our study demonstrates that a more diverse bacterial profile is detected by mNGS in perianal abscesses, and that Bilophila wadsworthia is the most prevalent microorganism, potentially serving as a potential biomarker for perianal abscess.IMPORTANCEAccurately, identifying the bacteria causing perianal abscesses is crucial for effective antibiotic therapy. However, traditional culture-based methods and 16S PCR technology often struggle with the polymicrobial nature of these abscesses. This study employed metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to comprehensively analyze the microbiota composition. Results revealed 40 bacterial taxa, with Bilophila wadsworthia (71.4%), Bacteroides fragilis (57.1%), and Escherichia coli (50.0%) being the most prevalent species. Compared to the culture-based approach, mNGS detected a significantly higher number of bacterial taxa (average 6.1 vs 1.1), highlighting the complex nature of perianal abscesses. Notably, Bilophila wadsworthia emerged as a potential biomarker for these abscesses. This research emphasizes the importance of mNGS in understanding perianal abscesses and suggests its potential for improving diagnostic accuracy and guiding targeted antibiotic therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Chen Hong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zai-Jie Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Chuan Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ning Ruan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Yao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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García-Vela S, Guay LD, Rahman MRT, Biron E, Torres C, Fliss I. Antimicrobial Activity of Synthetic Enterocins A, B, P, SEK4, and L50, Alone and in Combinations, against Clostridium perfringens. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1597. [PMID: 38338877 PMCID: PMC10855908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Clostridium perfringens infections are a major threat to the poultry industry. Effective alternatives to antibiotics are urgently needed to prevent these infections and limit the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. The aim of the study was to produce by chemical synthesis a set of enterocins of different subgroups of class II bacteriocins and to compare their spectrum of inhibitory activity, either alone or in combination, against a panel of twenty C. perfringens isolates. Enterocins A, P, SEK4 (class IIa bacteriocins), B (unsubgrouped class II bacteriocin), and L50 (class IId leaderless bacteriocin) were produced by microwave-assisted solid-phase peptide synthesis. Their antimicrobial activity was determined by agar well diffusion and microtitration methods against twenty C. perfringens isolates and against other pathogens. The FICINDEX of different combinations of the selected enterocins was calculated in order to identify combinations with synergistic effects. The results showed that synthetic analogs of L50A and L50B were the most active against C. perfringens. These peptides also showed the broadest spectrum of activity when tested against other non-clostridial indicator strains, including Listeria monocytogenes, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus suis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus cecorum, Enterococcus faecalis, as well as Gram-negative bacteria (Campylobacter coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), among others. The selected synthetic enterocins were combined on the basis of their different mechanisms of action, and all combinations tested showed synergy or partial synergy against C. perfringens. In conclusion, because of their high activity against C. perfringens and other pathogens, the use of synthetic enterocins alone or as a consortium can be a good alternative to the use of antibiotics in the poultry sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara García-Vela
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logrono, La Rioja, Spain;
- Department of Food Science, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Louis-David Guay
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (L.-D.G.); (M.R.T.R.); (E.B.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Md Ramim Tanver Rahman
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (L.-D.G.); (M.R.T.R.); (E.B.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Eric Biron
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (L.-D.G.); (M.R.T.R.); (E.B.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logrono, La Rioja, Spain;
| | - Ismail Fliss
- Department of Food Science, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (L.-D.G.); (M.R.T.R.); (E.B.)
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Rhoads DD, Pummill J, Alrubaye AAK. Molecular Genomic Analyses of Enterococcus cecorum from Sepsis Outbreaks in Broilers. Microorganisms 2024; 12:250. [PMID: 38399654 PMCID: PMC10892122 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Extensive genomic analyses of Enterococcus cecorum isolates from sepsis outbreaks in broilers suggest a polyphyletic origin, likely arising from core genome mutations rather than gene acquisition. This species is a normal intestinal flora of avian species with particular isolates associated with osteomyelitis. More recently, this species has been associated with sepsis outbreaks affecting broilers during the first 3 weeks post-hatch. Understanding the genetic and management basis of this new phenotype is critical for developing strategies to mitigate this emerging problem. Phylogenomic analyses of 227 genomes suggest that sepsis isolates are polyphyletic and closely related to both commensal and osteomyelitis isolate genomes. Pangenome analyses detect no gene acquisitions that distinguish all the sepsis isolates. Core genome single nucleotide polymorphism analyses have identified a number of mutations, affecting the protein-coding sequences, that are enriched in sepsis isolates. The analysis of the protein substitutions supports the mutational origins of sepsis isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas D. Rhoads
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (J.P.); (A.A.K.A.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Jeff Pummill
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (J.P.); (A.A.K.A.)
- Arkansas High Performance Computing Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Adnan Ali Khalaf Alrubaye
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (J.P.); (A.A.K.A.)
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Arango M, Forga A, Liu J, Zhang G, Gray L, Moore R, Coles M, Atencio A, Trujillo C, Latorre JD, Tellez-Isaias G, Hargis B, Graham D. Characterizing the impact of Enterococcus cecorum infection during late embryogenesis on disease progression, cecal microbiome composition, and early performance in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103059. [PMID: 37717481 PMCID: PMC10507439 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus cecorum (EC) has been associated with septicemia and early mortality in broiler chickens. There is limited research investigating the pathogenicity of EC field strains obtained from affected birds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of in-ovo administration into the amnion with different EC field isolates at d 18 of embryogenesis (DOE18). In Exp 1, 7 EC field isolates alone or in combination (EC1-EC3, EC4-EC5, EC6, and EC7) were selected based on phenotypic characteristics and evaluated at different concentrations (1 × 102, 1 × 104, and 1 × 106 CFU/200 µL/embryo) to assess the impact on early performance and macroscopic lesions. Three isolates (n = 3; EC2, EC5, EC7) were selected for additional evaluation based on the significant (P < 0.05) BWG reduction (d 0-21) compared to the negative control (NC) and the presence of macroscopic lesions observed during posting sessions at d 14 and d 21. An additional isolate associated with enterococcal spondylitis was included in Exp 2 (EC11B). Treatment groups for Exp 2 include: 1) NC, 2) EC2, 3) EC5, 4) EC7, and 5) EC11B (n = 90-120/embryos/group). Groups 2 to 5 were challenged at 1 × 102 CFU/200 µL/embryo by in-ovo injection into the amnion at DOE18. Chicks were placed in battery cages for the duration of the study (21 d), and pen weights were recorded at d 0, d 7, d 14, and d 21 to calculate average BW and BWG. At d 14 and d 21 posthatch, liver, spleen, free thoracic vertebrae (FTV), and femoral head (FH) were aseptically collected to enumerate Enterococcus spp. using Chromagar Orientation as the selective media. Cecal contents were collected at d 21 to evaluate the effect of EC challenge on the cecal microbiome composition. There was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in BW at d 21, and BWG from d 14 to 21 and d 0 to 21, for EC7 and EC11B. Enterococcus cecorum was recovered from the FTV of all challenged groups at d 14 and d 21. The most representative lesions were pericarditis, hydropericardium, focal heart necrosis, and FH osteomyelitis. However, lesions were not uniform across challenged groups or ages (d 14 and d 21). Alpha diversity of the cecal contents was markedly lower in EC5 and EC11B compared to all treatment groups suggesting that EC exposure during late embryogenesis affect the cecal microbiome up to 21 d posthatch. Additionally, these results highlight the differences in pathogenicity of EC strains isolated from field cases and suggest that hatchery exposure to EC during late embryogenesis is a potential route of introduction into a flock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Arango
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, USA
| | - Aaron Forga
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Latasha Gray
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, USA
| | - Randy Moore
- UADA-Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, USA
| | - Makenly Coles
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, USA
| | - Abdiel Atencio
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, USA
| | - Carolina Trujillo
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, USA
| | - Juan David Latorre
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, USA
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, USA
| | - Billy Hargis
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, USA
| | - Danielle Graham
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, USA.
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Dunnam G, Thornton JK, Pulido-Landinez M. Characterization of an Emerging Enterococcus cecorum Outbreak Causing Severe Systemic Disease with Concurrent Leg Problems in a Broiler Integrator in the Southern United States. Avian Dis 2023; 67:137-144. [PMID: 37556292 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-22-00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus cecorum has been associated mainly with osteomyelitis of the free thoracic vertebra in chickens. However, there are reports of E. cecorum producing septicemic lesions and having tropism for cartilages, resulting in the presentation of femoral head necrosis and synovitis. This paper discusses the presentation of E. cecorum as it relates to an outbreak in one vertical integrator where the main lesions were related to septicemia. Using a convenience sampling method, 100 broiler chicken cases received at the Poultry Research and Diagnostic Laboratory of Mississippi State University from April to December of 2021 were analyzed. The peak in cases was observed from June to August. The average age of broilers was 21 days with a range of 15-31 days. Most of these cases were related to systemic disease and leg problems, with gross lesions including characteristic pericarditis along with perihepatitis, osteomyelitis, and arthritis. In six of the 100 cases, E cecorum was isolated from the free thoracic vertebra, with the remaining being recovered from various other locations including liver, pericardium, hock/joint, femoral head, and bone marrow. Enterococcus cecorum identification was performed by using Vitek matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. These results were then sent to the research-use only SARAMIS database for analysis. Once the spectra of the isolates were imported, the relative and absolute taxonomy were analyzed. Two super spectrums and three clusters by homology were identified. The minimal inhibitory concentrations obtained by antimicrobial sensitivity tests were analyzed using WHONET Microbiology Laboratory Database Software. No isolates were pan-susceptible, 80% of isolates were noted to be resistant to ≥3 classes of antibiotics and, in general, isolates exhibited a high degree of variability when examining antimicrobial resistance patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Dunnam
- Mississippi State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Poultry Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, 39208
| | - Jay Kay Thornton
- Mississippi State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Poultry Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, 39208
| | - Martha Pulido-Landinez
- Mississippi State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Poultry Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, 39208,
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Laurentie J, Mourand G, Jouy E, Bougeard S, Keita A, Amelot M, Serror P, Kempf I. Study of the effect of administration of narasin or antibiotics on in vivo selection of a narasin- and multidrug-resistant Enterococcus cecorum strain. Vet Microbiol 2023; 282:109757. [PMID: 37119567 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus cecorum is a member of the normal poultry gut microbiota and an emerging poultry pathogen. Some strains are resistant to key antibiotics and coccidiostats. We evaluated the impact on chicken excretion and persistence of a multidrug-resistant E. cecorum of administering narasin or antibiotics. E. cecorum CIRMBP-1294 (Ec1294) is non-wild-type to many antimicrobials, including narasin, levofloxacin, oxytetracycline and glycopeptides, it has a low susceptibility to amoxicillin, and carries a chromosomal vanA operon. Six groups of 15 chicks each were orally inoculated with Ec1294 and two groups were left untreated. Amoxicillin, oxytetracycline or narasin were administered orally to one group each, either at the recommended dose for five days (amoxicillin, oxytetracycline) or continuously (narasin). Faecal samples were collected weekly and caecal samples were obtained from sacrificed birds on day 28. Ec1294 titres were evaluated by culture on vancomycin- and levofloxacin-supplemented media in 5 % CO2. For inoculated birds given narasin, oxytetracycline or no antimicrobials, vancomycin-resistant enterococci were searched by culture on vancomycin-supplemented media incubated in air, and a PCR was used to detect the vanA gene. Ec1294 persisted in inoculated chicks up to day 28. Compared to the control group, the Ec1294 titre was significantly lower in the amoxicillin- and narasin-receiving groups on days 21 and 28, but was unexpectedly higher in the oxytetracycline-receiving group before and after oxytetracycline administration, preventing a conclusion for this group. No transfer of the vanA gene to other enterococci was detected. Other trials in various experimental conditions should now be conducted to confirm this apparent absence of co-selection of the multi-drug-resistant E. cecorum by narasin or amoxicillin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Laurentie
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France
| | | | - Eric Jouy
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France
| | | | - Alassane Keita
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France
| | - Michel Amelot
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France
| | - Pascale Serror
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France.
| | - Isabelle Kempf
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France.
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11
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Laurentie J, Mourand G, Grippon P, Furlan S, Chauvin C, Jouy E, Serror P, Kempf I. Determination of Epidemiological Cutoff Values for Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcus cecorum. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0144522. [PMID: 36794948 PMCID: PMC10035308 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01445-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus cecorum, a commensal Gram-positive bacterium of the chicken gut, has emerged as a worldwide cause of lameness in poultry, particularly in fast-growing broilers. It is responsible for osteomyelitis, spondylitis, and femoral head necrosis, causing animal suffering, mortality, and antimicrobial use. Research on the antimicrobial resistance of E. cecorum clinical isolates in France is scarce, and epidemiological cutoff (ECOFF) values are unknown. To determine tentative ECOFF (COWT) values for E. cecorum and to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolates from mainly French broilers, we tested the susceptibility of a collection of commensal and clinical isolates (n = 208) to 29 antimicrobials by the disc diffusion (DD) method. We also determined the MICs of 23 antimicrobials by the broth microdilution method. To detect chromosomal mutations conferring antimicrobial resistance, we investigated the genomes of 118 E. cecorum isolates obtained mainly from infectious sites and described previously in the literature. We determined the COWT values for more than 20 antimicrobials and identified two chromosomal mutations explaining fluoroquinolone resistance. The DD method appears better suited for detecting E. cecorum antimicrobial resistance. Although tetracycline and erythromycin resistances were persistent in clinical and nonclinical isolates, we found little or no resistance to medically important antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Laurentie
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy en Josas, France
| | | | - Pauline Grippon
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France
| | - Sylviane Furlan
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Claire Chauvin
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France
| | - Eric Jouy
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France
| | - Pascale Serror
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Isabelle Kempf
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France
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12
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Abdullahi IN, Juárez-Fernández G, Höfle Ú, Cardona-Cabrera T, Mínguez D, Pineda-Pampliega J, Lozano C, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Nasotracheal Microbiota of Nestlings of Parent White storks with Different Foraging Habits in Spain. ECOHEALTH 2023; 20:105-121. [PMID: 37060390 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-023-01626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Migratory storks could be vectors of transmission of bacteria of public health concern mediated by the colonization, persistence and excretion of such bacteria. This study aims to determine genera/species diversity, prevalence, and co-colonization indices of bacteria obtained from tracheal (T) and nasal (N) samples from storks in relation to exposure to point sources through foraging. One-hundred and thirty-six samples from 87 nestlings of colonies of parent white storks with different foraging habits (natural habitat and landfills) were obtained (84 T-samples and 52 N-samples) and processed. Morphologically distinct colonies (up to 12/sample) were randomly selected and identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. About 87.2% of the total 806 isolates recovered were identified: 398 from T-samples (56.6%) and 305 from N-samples (43.4%). Among identified isolates, 17 genera and 46 species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were detected, Staphylococcus (58.0%) and Enterococcus (20.5%) being the most prevalent genera. S. sciuri was the most prevalent species from T (36.7%) and N (34.4%) cavities of total isolates, followed by E. faecalis (11.1% each from T and N), and S. aureus [T (6.5%), N (13.4%)]. Of N-samples, E. faecium was significantly associated with nestlings of parent storks foraging in landfills (p = 0.018). S. sciuri (p = 0.0034) and M. caseolyticus (p = 0.032) from T-samples were significantly higher among nestlings of parent storks foraging in natural habitats. More than 80% of bacterial species in the T and N cavities showed 1-10% co-colonization indices with one another, but few had ≥ 40% indices. S. sciuri and E. faecalis were the most frequent species identified in the stork nestlings. Moreover, they were highly colonized by other diverse and potentially pathogenic bacteria. Thus, storks could be sentinels of point sources and vehicles of bacterial transmission across the "One Health" ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- OneHealth-UR Research Group, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Guillermo Juárez-Fernández
- OneHealth-UR Research Group, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Úrsula Höfle
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology) Research Group, Game and Wildlife Research Institute (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Teresa Cardona-Cabrera
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology) Research Group, Game and Wildlife Research Institute (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - David Mínguez
- OneHealth-UR Research Group, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Javier Pineda-Pampliega
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Lozano
- OneHealth-UR Research Group, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- OneHealth-UR Research Group, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- OneHealth-UR Research Group, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.
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13
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Comparative Genome Analysis of Enterococcus cecorum Reveals Intercontinental Spread of a Lineage of Clinical Poultry Isolates. mSphere 2023; 8:e0049522. [PMID: 36794931 PMCID: PMC10117131 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00495-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus cecorum is an emerging pathogen responsible for osteomyelitis, spondylitis, and femoral head necrosis causing animal suffering and mortality and requiring antimicrobial use in poultry. Paradoxically, E. cecorum is a common inhabitant of the intestinal microbiota of adult chickens. Despite evidence suggesting the existence of clones with pathogenic potential, the genetic and phenotypic relatedness of disease-associated isolates remains little investigated. Here, we sequenced and analyzed the genomes and characterized the phenotypes of more than 100 isolates, the majority of which were collected over the last 10 years from 16 French broiler farms. Comparative genomics, genome-wide association studies, and the measured susceptibility to serum, biofilm-forming capacity, and adhesion to chicken type II collagen were used to identify features associated with clinical isolates. We found that none of the tested phenotypes could discriminate the origin of the isolates or the phylogenetic group. Instead, we found that most clinical isolates are grouped phylogenetically, and our analyses selected six genes that discriminate 94% of isolates associated with disease from those that are not. Analysis of the resistome and the mobilome revealed that multidrug-resistant clones of E. cecorum cluster into a few clades and that integrative conjugative elements and genomic islands are the main carriers of antimicrobial resistance. This comprehensive genomic analysis shows that disease-associated clones of E. cecorum belong mainly to one phylogenetic clade. IMPORTANCE Enterococcus cecorum is an important pathogen of poultry worldwide. It causes a number of locomotor disorders and septicemia, particularly in fast-growing broilers. Animal suffering, antimicrobial use, and associated economic losses require a better understanding of disease-associated E. cecorum isolates. To address this need, we performed whole-genome sequencing and analysis of a large collection of isolates responsible for outbreaks in France. By providing the first data set on the genetic diversity and resistome of E. cecorum strains circulating in France, we pinpoint an epidemic lineage that is probably also circulating elsewhere that should be targeted preferentially by preventive strategies in order to reduce the burden of E. cecorum-related diseases.
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14
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Dougnon P, Dougnon V, Legba B, Fabiyi K, Soha A, Koudokpon H, Sintondji K, Deguenon E, Hounmanou G, Quenum C, Aminou T, Lokossou R, Togla I, Boko C, Djossa B, Assogba-komlan F, Baba-moussa L. Antibiotic profiling of multidrug resistant pathogens in one-day-old chicks imported from Belgium to benin. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:17. [PMID: 36670436 PMCID: PMC9862823 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03570-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little data exist on the presence of resistant pathogens in day-old chicks imported into Benin. The occurrence of pathogenic bacteria was assessed in 180 one-day-old chicks imported from Belgium and received at the Cardinal Bernardin Gantin International Airport in Cotonou (Benin). The samples included swabbing the blisters of 180 chicks, followed by 18 pools of 10 swabs for bacterial isolation. Classic bacteriological methods based on Gram staining, culture on specific media and biochemical characterization were used. Antibacterial susceptibility screening to antibiotics was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, and the results were interpreted according to guidelines from the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). DNA extraction was performed by the heat treatment method. Resistance genes were screened by real-time PCR. RESULTS We isolated 32 bacteria, including Escherichia coli (50%), Enterococcus spp. (28%), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (10%). The isolates were investigated for antibiotic resistance against antibiotics using the disk diffusion method and showed that in the Escherichia coli strains isolated, the highest rate of resistance was obtained against ciprofloxacin (81%), followed by trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole (62%). Enterobacter cloacae was sensitive to all the antibiotics tested. Pseudomonas spp. resistant to amoxicillin and trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole was noted. The SulII gene was found in all cloacal samples, while the SulI and blaTEM genes were present at 44.44% and 16.67%, respectively. CONCLUSION This study confirms that imported day-old chicks can be a potential source of dissemination of resistant bacteria in poultry production. A system for immediate detection of resistant bacteria in chicks upon arrival in the country is thus needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philibert Dougnon
- grid.412037.30000 0001 0382 0205Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Victorien Dougnon
- grid.412037.30000 0001 0382 0205Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Boris Legba
- grid.412037.30000 0001 0382 0205Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Kafayath Fabiyi
- grid.412037.30000 0001 0382 0205Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Arnaud Soha
- grid.412037.30000 0001 0382 0205Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Hornel Koudokpon
- grid.412037.30000 0001 0382 0205Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Kevin Sintondji
- grid.412037.30000 0001 0382 0205Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Esther Deguenon
- grid.412037.30000 0001 0382 0205Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Gildas Hounmanou
- grid.412037.30000 0001 0382 0205Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | | | - Taératou Aminou
- Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Richard Lokossou
- Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Innocent Togla
- Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Cyrille Boko
- grid.412037.30000 0001 0382 0205Communicable Diseases Research Unit, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Bruno Djossa
- Forestry and Bioresource Conservation Research Unit, School of Tropical Forestry, National University of Agriculture, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Françoise Assogba-komlan
- grid.412037.30000 0001 0382 0205Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Lamine Baba-moussa
- grid.412037.30000 0001 0382 0205Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
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Wang W, Ou J, Ye H, Cao Q, Zhang C, Dong Z, Feng D, Zuo J. Supplemental N-acyl homoserine lactonase alleviates intestinal disruption and improves gut microbiota in broilers challenged by Salmonella Typhimurium. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:7. [PMID: 36617579 PMCID: PMC9827655 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella Typhimurium challenge causes a huge detriment to chicken production. N-acyl homoserine lactonase (AHLase), a quorum quenching enzyme, potentially inhibits the growth and virulence of Gram-negative bacteria. However, it is unknown whether AHLase can protect chickens against S. Typhimurium challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of AHLase on growth performance and intestinal health in broilers challenged by S. Typhimurium. A total of 240 one-day-old female crossbred broilers (817C) were randomly divided into 5 groups (6 replicates/group): negative control (NC), positive control (PC), and PC group supplemented with 5, 10 or 20 U/g AHLase. All birds except those in NC were challenged with S. Typhimurium from 7 to 9 days of age. All parameters related to growth and intestinal health were determined on d 10 and 14. RESULTS The reductions (P < 0.05) in body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) in challenged birds were alleviated by AHLase addition especially at 10 U/g. Thus, samples from NC, PC and PC plus 10 U/g AHLase group were selected for further analysis. S. Typhimurium challenge impaired (P < 0.05) intestinal morphology, elevated (P < 0.05) ileal inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-8) expression, and increased (P < 0.05) serum diamine oxidase (DAO) activity on d 10. However, AHLase addition normalized these changes. Gut microbiota analysis on d 10 showed that AHLase reversed the reductions (P < 0.05) in several beneficial bacteria (e.g. Bacilli, Bacillales and Lactobacillales), along with increases (P < 0.05) in certain harmful bacteria (e.g. Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia/Shigella) in PC group. Furthermore, AHLase-induced increased beneficial bacteria and decreased harmful bacteria were basically negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with the reductions of ileal IL-1β and IL-8 expression and serum DAO activity, but positively correlated (P < 0.05) with the increased BW and ADG. Functional prediction revealed that AHLase abolished S. Typhimurium-induced upregulations (P < 0.05) of certain pathogenicity-related pathways such as lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, shigellosis, bacterial invasion of epithelial cells and pathogenic Escherichia coli infection of gut microbiota. CONCLUSIONS Supplemental AHLase attenuated S. Typhimurium-induced growth retardation and intestinal disruption in broilers, which could be associated with the observed recovery of gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingseng Ou
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Ye
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Cao
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People’s Republic of China
| | - Changming Zhang
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zemin Dong
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dingyuan Feng
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Zuo
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People’s Republic of China
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16
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Yin H, Luo B, Wang Q, Hong Z, Chen H, Shen L, Shen B, Hu B. Differences in Gut Microbiota between Healthy Individuals and Patients with Perianal Abscess before and after Surgery. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:1165916. [PMID: 37091905 PMCID: PMC10115528 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1165916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgery is the most important treatment for perianal abscesses. However, the gut microbiota of patients with perianal abscess and the effects of perianal abscess on the gut microbiota after surgery are unknown. In this study, significant changes in interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the blood of healthy subjects, patients with perianal abscesses, and patients after perianal abscess surgery were identified. 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology was used to detect the changes in the gut microbiota among 30 healthy individuals and 30 patients with perianal abscess before and after surgery. Venn diagrams and alpha diversity analyses indicated differences in the abundance and uniformity of gut microbiota between the healthy individuals and patients with perianal abscesses before and after surgery. Beta diversity analysis indicated that the grouping effects among the control, abscess, and surgery groups were good. The classification and compositional analysis showed significant differences in the gut microbiota between healthy individuals and patients with perianal abscesses before and after surgery. LEfSe analysis, random forest analysis, and ROC curve analysis showed that Klebsiella (AUC = 0.7467) and Bilophila (AUC = 0.72) could be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of perianal abscess. The functional prediction results showed that the differential microbiota is significantly enriched in the pathways related to nutrition and drug metabolism. This study may have important implications for the clinical management and prognostic assessment of patients with perianal abscesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezhai Yin
- Department of Surgery, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, 314001 Zhejiang, China
| | - Bairu Luo
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, 314001 Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Surgery, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, 314001 Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhonghua Hong
- Department of Surgery, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, 314001 Zhejiang, China
| | - Huilin Chen
- Department of Surgery, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, 314001 Zhejiang, China
| | - Lidong Shen
- Department of Surgery, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, 314001 Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Shen
- Department of Surgery, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, 314001 Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Surgery, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, 314001 Zhejiang, China
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17
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Mak PHW, Rehman MA, Kiarie EG, Topp E, Diarra MS. Production systems and important antimicrobial resistant-pathogenic bacteria in poultry: a review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:148. [PMID: 36514172 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00786-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Economic losses and market constraints caused by bacterial diseases such as colibacillosis due to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli and necrotic enteritis due to Clostridium perfringens remain major problems for poultry producers, despite substantial efforts in prevention and control. Antibiotics have been used not only for the treatment and prevention of such diseases, but also for growth promotion. Consequently, these practices have been linked to the selection and spread of antimicrobial resistant bacteria which constitute a significant global threat to humans, animals, and the environment. To break down the antimicrobial resistance (AMR), poultry producers are restricting the antimicrobial use (AMU) while adopting the antibiotic-free (ABF) and organic production practices to satisfy consumers' demands. However, it is not well understood how ABF and organic poultry production practices influence AMR profiles in the poultry gut microbiome. Various Gram-negative (Salmonella enterica serovars, Campylobacter jejuni/coli, E. coli) and Gram-positive (Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and C. perfringens) bacteria harboring multiple AMR determinants have been reported in poultry including organically- and ABF-raised chickens. In this review, we discussed major poultry production systems (conventional, ABF and organic) and their impacts on AMR in some potential pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria which could allow identifying issues and opportunities to develop efficient and safe production practices in controlling pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip H W Mak
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, ON, Canada.,Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Attiq Rehman
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Elijah G Kiarie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Edward Topp
- London Research and Development Center, AAFC, London, ON, Canada
| | - Moussa S Diarra
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, ON, Canada.
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18
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Clark KA, Covington BC, Seyedsayamdost MR. Biosynthesis-guided discovery reveals enteropeptins as alternative sactipeptides containing N-methylornithine. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1390-1398. [PMID: 36316408 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The combination of next-generation DNA sequencing technologies and bioinformatics has revitalized natural product discovery. Using a bioinformatic search strategy, we recently identified ∼600 gene clusters in otherwise overlooked streptococci that code for ribosomal peptide natural products synthesized by radical S-adenosylmethionine enzymes. These grouped into 16 subfamilies and pointed to an unexplored microbiome biosynthetic landscape. Here we report the structure, biosynthesis and function of one of these natural product groups, which we term enteropeptins, from the gut microbe Enterococcus cecorum. We show three reactions in the biosynthesis of enteropeptins that are each catalysed by a different family of metalloenzymes. Among these, we characterize the founding member of a widespread superfamily of Fe-S-containing methyltransferases, which, together with an Mn2+-dependent arginase, installs N-methylornithine in the peptide sequence. Biological assays with the mature product revealed bacteriostatic activity only against the producing strain, extending an emerging theme of fratricidal or self-inhibitory metabolites in microbiome firmicutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzie A Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Mohammad R Seyedsayamdost
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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19
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Li C, Li X, Li P, Wei B, Zhang C, Zhu X, Zhang J. Sodium humate alters the intestinal microbiome, short-chain fatty acids, eggshell ultrastructure, and egg performance of old laying hens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:986562. [PMID: 36311664 PMCID: PMC9597201 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.986562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of sodium humate supplementation on changes in the intestinal microbiome, intestinal short-chain fatty acids production, and trace element absorption in older laying hens, with consequent effects on egg performance and shell quality. We used the same hens as their own control; a total of 720 laying hens aged 422 days were randomly divided into three replicates, with the CON group fed a commercial diet at 422–441 days of age and the HANa group fed a commercial diet supplemented with 0.05% sodium humate at 442–461 days of age. Compared with the CON group, in the HANa group, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were significantly increased, whereas, Firmicutes was significantly decreased. Further, Veillonella, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, and Turricibacter significantly decreased, and Peptoniphilus, Helcococcus, GW-34, Psychrobacter, Anaerococcus, Corynebacterium, Facklamia, Trichococcus, Gallicola, Clostridium, and Oscillospira were significantly increased. The results showed that sodium humate significantly altered the alpha and beta diversity and changed the structure of the intestinal microbiome. Acetic acid, isovaleric acid, and isobutyric acid, among short-chain fatty acids were significantly increased in the HANa group, whereas trace elements such as Mn, Zn, and Fe were significantly reduced. The eggshell strength and ultrastructure were significantly altered. In this study, sodium humate was found to alter the intestinal microbiome structure of aged hens, change the production of short-chain fatty acids, and promote the absorption of trace elements to keep aged hens from experiencing a decrease in egg production performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenqinyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Piwu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Shandong Asia-Pacific Haihua Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Shandong Asia-Pacific Haihua Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhu
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China,Xiaoling Zhu
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Jie Zhang
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20
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Hankel J, Kittler S, Chuppava B, Galvez E, Strowig T, Becker A, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Plötz M, Visscher C. Luminal and mucosa-associated caecal microbiota of chickens after experimental Campylobacter jejuni infection in the absence of Campylobacter-specific phages of group II and III. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 36190827 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is still the most commonly reported zoonosis in the European Union causing gastrointestinal disease in humans. One of the most common sources for these food-borne infections is broiler meat. Interactions between Campylobacter (C.) jejuni and the intestinal microbiota might influence Campylobacter colonization in chickens. The aim of the present study was to gain further knowledge about exclusive interactions of the host microbiota with C. jejuni in Campylobacter-specific phage-free chickens under standardized conditions and special biosafety precautions.Therefore, 12 artificially infected (C. jejuni inoculum with a challenge dose of 7.64 log10 c.f.u.) and 12 control chickens of the breed Ross 308 were kept under special biosafety measures in an animal facility. At day 42 of life, microbiota studies were performed on samples of caecal digesta and mucus. No Campylobacter-specific phages were detected by real-time PCR analysis of caecal digesta of control or artificially infected chickens. Amplification of the 16S rRNA gene was performed within the hypervariable region V4 and subsequently sequenced with Illumina MiSeq platform. R (version 4.0.2) was used to compare the microbiota between C. jejuni-negative and C. jejuni-positive chickens. The factor chickens' infection status contributed significantly to the differences in microbial composition of mucosal samples, explaining 10.6 % of the microbiota variation (P=0.007) and in digesta samples, explaining 9.69 % of the microbiota variation (P=0.015). The strongest difference between C. jejuni-non-infected and C. jejuni-infected birds was observed for the family Peptococcaceae whose presence in C. jejuni-infected birds could not be demonstrated. Further, several genera of the family Ruminococcaceae appeared to be depressed in its abundance due to Campylobacter infection. A negative correlation was found between Christensenellaceae R-7 group and Campylobacter in C. jejuni-colonised chickens, both genera potentially competing for substrate. This makes Christensenellaceae R-7 group highly interesting for further studies that aim to find control options for Campylobacter infections and assess the relevance of this finding for chicken health and Campylobacter colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hankel
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sophie Kittler
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bussarakam Chuppava
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Eric Galvez
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, D 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, D 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, D 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, D 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - André Becker
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, D 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Madeleine Plötz
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D 30173 Hannover, Germany
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21
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Mat K, Abdul Kari Z, Rusli ND, Che Harun H, Wei LS, Rahman MM, Mohd Khalid HN, Mohd Ali Hanafiah MH, Mohamad Sukri SA, Raja Khalif RIA, Mohd Zin Z, Mohd Zainol MK, Panadi M, Mohd Nor MF, Goh KW. Coconut Palm: Food, Feed, and Nutraceutical Properties. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162107. [PMID: 36009697 PMCID: PMC9405385 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Different components of the coconut are being looked into and used as a potential substitute to create or substitute animal feed components. Different coconut products and by-products—such as coconut water, milk, copra, testa, flour, raw kernels, oil, and desiccated coconut—are used with livestock, especially ruminants and aquaculture industries. However, the use of coconut in animal feed may be limited by several things that make it less nutritious. There is a possibility to research new technologies, such as pre-treating coconut to reduce the effects of anti-nutritional substances before they can be used to feed the animals. This review article describes a few important discoveries, which gives a somewhat hopeful view of the future. Different parts of the coconut can and should be used more in animal feed. Coconut in animal feed makes it much cheaper to feed animals and helps them in the digestion process, growth, and health. However, innovative methods of processing, extracting, and treating coconut need to be encouraged to improve nutritional quality and make coconut products function efficiently in feed. Abstract The price of traditional sources of nutrients used in animal feed rations is increasing steeply in developed countries due to their scarcity, high demand from humans for the same food items, and expensive costs of raw materials. Thus, one of the alternative sources is coconut parts or coconut as a whole fruit. Coconut is known as the ‘tree of abundance’, ‘tree of heaven’, and ‘tree of life’ owing to its numerous uses, becoming a very important tree in tropical areas for its provision of food, employment, and business opportunities to millions of people. Coconut contains a rich profile of macro and micronutrients that vary depending on the parts and how they are used. It is frequently chosen as an alternative source of protein and fiber. Its uses as an antibacterial agent, immunomodulant, and antioxidant further increase its importance. Using coconut oil in ruminant feed helps to minimize methane gas emissions by 18–30%, and to reduce dry matter intake up to 4.2 kg/d. The aquaculture sectors also use coconut palm as an alternative source because it significantly improves the digestion, growth, lipid metabolism, health, and antioxidative responses. However, coconut is not widely used in poultry diets although it has adequate amount of protein and carbohydrate due to anti-nutritional factors such cellulose (13%), galactomannan (61%), and mannan (26%). This review considered the importance and potential of coconut usage as an alternative ingredient in feed and supplements in various livestock sectors as it has plentiful nutrients and functional qualities, simultaneously leading to reduced feed cost and enhanced production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairiyah Mat
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (K.W.G.)
| | - Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Dini Rusli
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hasnita Che Harun
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Lee Seong Wei
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Mijanur Rahman
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hazreen Nita Mohd Khalid
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Suniza Anis Mohamad Sukri
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Zamzahaila Mohd Zin
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Khairi Mohd Zainol
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mira Panadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Sport Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Pontian Lama, Skudai, Johor Bahru 81300, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Faiz Mohd Nor
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (K.W.G.)
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22
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Yang Y, Li M, Wang Q, Huang H, Zhao Y, Du F, Chen Y, Shen J, Luo H, Zhao Q, Zeng J, Li W, Chen M, Li X, Wang F, Sun Y, Gu L, Xiao Z, Wu X. Pueraria lobata starch regulates gut microbiota and alleviates high-fat high-cholesterol diet induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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23
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Wu GD, Pan A, Zhang X, Cai YY, Wang Q, Huang FQ, Alolga RN, Li J, Qi LW, Liu Q. Cordyceps Improves Obesity and its Related Inflammation via Modulation of Enterococcus cecorum Abundance and Bile Acid Metabolism. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:817-838. [PMID: 35282803 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dysbiotic gut microbiota has been identified as a primary mediator of inherent inflammation that underlies the pathogenesis of obesity. Cordyceps comprises the larval body and the stroma of Cordyceps sinensis (BerK.) Sacc. parasiting on Hepialidae larvae of moths (H. pialusoberthur) with potent metabolic regulation functions. The underlying anti-obesity mechanisms, however, remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the water extract of Cordyceps attenuates glucose and lipid metabolism disorders and its associated inflammation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and microbiomic analysis showed that Cordyceps reduced the amounts of Enterococcus cecorum, a bile-salt hydrolase-producing microbe to regulate the metabolism of bile acids in the gut. Importantly, E. cecorum transplantation or liver-specific knockdown of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a bile acid receptor, diminished the protective effect of Cordyceps against HFD-induced obesity. Together, our results shed light on the mechanisms that underlie the glucose- and lipid-lowering effects of Cordyceps and suggest that targeting intestinalE. cecorum or hepatic FXR are potential anti-obesity and anti-inflammation therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Dong Wu
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China
| | - An Pan
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Cai
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Qing Huang
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China
| | - Raphael N Alolga
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China
| | - Lian-Wen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China.,Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China
| | - Qun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China.,Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China
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24
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Souillard R, Laurentie J, Kempf I, Le Caër V, Le Bouquin S, Serror P, Allain V. Increasing incidence of Enterococcus-associated diseases in poultry in France over the past 15 years. Vet Microbiol 2022; 269:109426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Sun H, Liu Y, Zeng T, Li G, Tao Z, Zhou X, Wen J, Chen X, Xu W, Lu L, Cao H. Effects of Coated Sodium Butyrate and Polysaccharides From Cordyceps cicadae on Intestinal Tissue Morphology and Ileal Microbiome of Squabs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:813800. [PMID: 35310408 PMCID: PMC8931417 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.813800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different levels of coated sodium butyrate (CSB) and polysaccharides extracted from Cordyceps cicadae (CCP) on growth performance, intestinal tissue morphology and ileum microbiome in squabs. A total of 420 1-day-old squabs were randomly divided into seven groups with 5 replicates each and 12 squabs per replicate. The squabs were fed basal diet (control group) and basal diet supplemented with different levels of CSB (275, 550, and 1,100 mg/kg, groups CSB-275, CSB-550, CSB-1100) and CCP (27.5, 55, and 110 mg/kg, groups CCP-27.5, CCP-55, and CCP-110), respectively. The experiment was conducted for 28 days. The results revealed that the final BW and average daily gain concentration were higher (P < 0.05) in squabs of CSB-275 and CCP-110 groups than those in the CON group. Comparing with control group, the squabs in the groups CSB-275, CSB-550, and CCP-55 obtained higher villus height/crypt depth (VH/CD) of the duodenum and higher VH of the jejunum (P < 0.05). Operational taxonomic units in the groups CSB-550 and CCP-27.5 were also increased (P < 0.05). Regarding the relative abundance of flora, the Actinobacteria abundance in the groups CSB-550, CSB-1100, and CCP-55 were higher than in control group (P < 0.05), and the Aeriscardovia abundance of CSB-275, CSB-550, CSB-1100, and CCP-110 were elevated (P < 0.05). However, the Enterococcus abundance in CSB-275, CSB-550, CSB-1100, and CCP-27.5 decreased (P < 0.05). In summary, results obtained in the present study indicate that CSB and CCP can improve growth performance, intestinal microbial balance and gut health of squabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxue Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Zhejiang Animal Husbandary Promotion Station, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqin Li
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengrong Tao
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Zhou
- Huzhou Huajia Special Breeding Co.Ltd, Huzhou, China
| | - Jihui Wen
- Aofeng Pigeon Industry in Pingyang County, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Aofeng Pigeon Industry in Pingyang County, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenwu Xu
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lizhi Lu
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lizhi Lu
| | - Hongguo Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Hongguo Cao
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26
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Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin‐Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Alvarez J. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial-resistant Enterococcus cecorum in poultry. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07126. [PMID: 36926260 PMCID: PMC10011046 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus cecorum (E. cecorum) was identified among the most relevant antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria in the EU for poultry in a previous scientific opinion. Thus, it has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on its eligibility to be listed, Annex IV for its categorisation according to disease prevention and control rules as in Article 9, and Article 8 for listing animal species related to the bacterium. The assessment has been performed following a methodology previously published. The outcome is the median of the probability ranges provided by the experts, which indicates whether each criterion is fulfilled (lower bound ≥ 66%) or not (upper bound ≤ 33%), or whether there is uncertainty about fulfilment. Reasoning points are reported for criteria with uncertain outcome. According to the assessment here performed, it is uncertain whether AMR E. cecorum can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention according to Article 5 of the AHL (33-75% probability). According to the criteria in Annex IV, for the purpose of categorisation related to the level of prevention and control as in Article 9 of the AHL, the AHAW Panel concluded that the bacterium does not meet the criteria in Sections 1, 2 and 4 (Categories A, B and D; 0-5%, 5-10% and 10-33% probability of meeting the criteria, respectively) and the AHAW Panel is uncertain whether it meets the criteria in Sections 3 and 5 (Categories C and E, 33-66% and 33-75% probability of meeting the criteria, respectively). The animal species to be listed for AMR E. cecorum according to Article 8 criteria are mostly birds belonging to the families of Anatidae, Columbidae and Phasianidae.
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27
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Abstract
Lameness or leg weakness is the main cause of poor poultry welfare and serious economic losses in meat-type poultry production worldwide. Disorders related to the legs are often associated with multifactorial aetiology which makes diagnosis and proper treatment difficult. Among the infectious agents, bacteria of genus Staphylococcus are one of the most common causes of bone infections in poultry and are some of the oldest bacterial infections described in poultry. Staphylococci readily infect bones and joints and are associated with bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO), spondylitis, arthritis, tendinitis, tenosynovitis, osteomyelitis, turkey osteomyelitis complex (TOC), bumblefoot, dyschondroplasia with osteomyelitis and amyloid arthropathy. Overall, 61 staphylococcal species have been described so far, and 56% of them (34/61) have been isolated from clinical cases in poultry. Although Staphylococcus aureus is the principal cause of poultry staphylococcosis, other Staphylococcus species, such as S. agnetis, S. cohnii, S. epidermidis, S. hyicus, S. simulans, have also been isolated from skeletal lesions. Antimicrobial treatment of staphylococcosis is usually ineffective due to the location and type of lesion, as well as the possible occurrence of multidrug-resistant strains. Increasing demand for antibiotic-free farming has contributed to the use of alternatives to antibiotics. Other prevention methods, such as better management strategies, early feed restriction or use of slow growing broilers should be implemented to avoid rapid growth rate, which is associated with locomotor problems. This review aims to summarise and address current knowledge on skeletal disorders associated with Staphylococcus spp. infection in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustaw M Szafraniec
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Szeleszczuk
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Dolka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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28
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Lengliz S, Cheriet S, Raddaoui A, Klibi N, Ben Chehida N, Najar T, Abbassi M. Species distribution and genes encoding antimicrobial resistance in
Enterococcus
spp. isolates from rabbits residing in diverse ecosystems: a new reservoir of linezolid and vancomycin resistance. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:2760-2772. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.15461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Lengliz
- University of Tunis El Manar Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia Tunis Tunisia
- University of Carthage Laboratory of Materials, Molecules and Application Preparatory Institute for Scientific and Technical Studies LR11ES22 Tunis Tunisia
| | - S. Cheriet
- University of Tunis El Manar Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia Tunis Tunisia
| | - A. Raddaoui
- Laboratory Ward National Bone Marrow Transplant Center 1006, Tunis, Tunisia; University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis LR18ES39, 1006 Tunis Tunisia
| | - N. Klibi
- University of Tunis El Manar Faculty of Sciences of Tunis Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules Tunis Tunisia
| | - N. Ben Chehida
- University of Tunis El Manar Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia Tunis Tunisia
| | - T. Najar
- University of Carthage Laboratory of Materials, Molecules and Application Preparatory Institute for Scientific and Technical Studies LR11ES22 Tunis Tunisia
- University of Carthage Department of Animal Sciences National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia Tunis Tunisia
| | - M.S. Abbassi
- University of Tunis El Manar Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia Tunis Tunisia
- University of Tunis El Manar Faculty of Medicine of Tunis Research Laboratory (Antimicrobial resistance) LR99ES09 Tunis Tunisia
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29
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Schreier J, Karasova D, Crhanova M, Rychlik I, Rautenschlein S, Jung A. Influence of lincomycin-spectinomycin treatment on the outcome of Enterococcus cecorum infection and on the cecal microbiota in broilers. Gut Pathog 2022; 14:3. [PMID: 34983636 PMCID: PMC8729143 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterococcus cecorum (EC) is one of the main reasons for skeletal disease in meat type chickens. Intervention strategies are still rare and focus mainly on early antibiotic treatment of the disease, although there are no data available concerning the effectivity of this procedure. The present study aimed to investigate the effectivity of early lincomycin-spectinomycin treatment during the first week of life after EC-infection. Furthermore, the impact of lincomycin-spectinomycin treatment and EC infection on the development of cecal microbiota was investigated. Methods A total of 383 day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four groups (non-infected and non-treated, non-infected and treated, EC-infected and non-treated, and EC-infected and treated). The EC-infected groups were inoculated orally with an EC suspension at the day of arrival and at study day 3. The treatment groups were treated with lincomycin-spectinomycin via the drinking water for six consecutive days, starting two hours after the first inoculation. Necropsy of 20 chickens per group was performed at study days 7, 14, 21, and 42. Bacteriological examination via culture and real-time PCR was performed to detect EC in different extraintestinal organs. Cecal samples of nine chickens per group and necropsy day were analyzed to characterize the composition of the cecal microbiota. Results No clinical signs or pathologic lesions were found at necropsy, and EC was not detected in extraintestinal organs of the EC-infected and treated birds. Lincomycin-spectinomycin promoted the growth of the bacterial genus Escherichia/Shigella and reduced the amount of potentially beneficial Lactobacillus spp. in the ceca regardless of EC-infection. Unexpectedly, the highest abundances of the genus Enterococcus were found directly after ending antibiotic treatment in both treatment groups, suggesting the growth of resistant enterococcal species. EC was not detected among the most abundant members of the genus Enterococcus. Oral EC-infection at the first day of life did not influence the development of cecal microbiota in the present study. Conclusions Lincomycin-spectinomycin treatment during the first week of life can prevent the EC-associated disease in broiler type chickens and has a direct impact on the development of the cecal microbiota. The low abundance of EC in the ceca of infected chickens underlines the pathogenic nature of the disease-causing EC strains. Further research on alternative prevention and intervention strategies is needed with regard to current efforts on reducing the use of antibiotics in livestock animals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13099-021-00467-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schreier
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniela Karasova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Crhanova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arne Jung
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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30
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Schreier J, Rychlik I, Karasova D, Crhanova M, Breves G, Rautenschlein S, Jung A. Influence of heat stress on intestinal integrity and the caecal microbiota during Enterococcus cecorum infection in broilers. Vet Res 2022; 53:110. [PMID: 36527124 PMCID: PMC9756510 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus cecorum (EC) is one of the most relevant bacterial pathogens in modern broiler chicken production from an economic and animal welfare perspective. Although EC pathogenesis is generally well described, predisposing factors are still unknown. This study aimed to understand the effect of heat stress on the caecal microbiota, intestinal integrity, and EC pathogenesis. A total of 373 1-day-old commercial broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four groups: (1) noninoculated, thermoneutral conditions (TN); (2) noninoculated, heat stress conditions (HS); (3) EC-inoculated, thermoneutral conditions (TN + EC); and (4) EC-inoculated, heat stress conditions (HS + EC). Birds were monitored daily for clinical signs. Necropsy of 20 broilers per group was performed at 7, 14, 21, and 42 days post-hatch (dph). A trend towards enhanced and more pronounced clinical disease was observed in the EC-inoculated, heat-stressed group. EC detection rates in extraintestinal tissues via culture were higher in the HS + EC group (~19%) than in the TN + EC group (~11%). Significantly more birds were colonized by EC at 7 dph in the HS + EC group (100%) than in the TN + EC group (65%, p < 0.05). The caecal microbiota in the two EC-inoculated groups was significantly more diverse than that in the TN group (p < 0.05) at 14 dph, which may indicate an effect of EC infection. An influence of heat stress on mRNA expression of tight junction proteins in the caecum was detected at 7 dph, where all six investigated tight junction proteins were expressed at significantly lower levels in the heat stressed groups compared to the thermoneutral groups. These observations suggest that heat stress may predispose broilers to EC-associated disease and increase the severity thereof. Furthermore, heat stress may impair intestinal integrity and promote EC translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schreier
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- grid.426567.40000 0001 2285 286XVeterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Karasova
- grid.426567.40000 0001 2285 286XVeterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Crhanova
- grid.426567.40000 0001 2285 286XVeterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gerhard Breves
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Arne Jung
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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31
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Schreier J, Rautenschlein S, Jung A. Different virulence levels of Enterococcus cecorum strains in experimentally infected meat-type chickens. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259904. [PMID: 34767595 PMCID: PMC8589174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, pathogenic strains of Enterococcus cecorum (EC) have emerged as a causing agent of septicemia and skeletal infection in broiler chickens with a high economic impact worldwide. Although research has been conducted, many aspects of the pathogenesis of the EC-associated disease are still unknown. In the present study, an experimental infection model was established in broiler chickens. Two different EC strains (EC14 and EC15) were compared in two different concentrations of each strain (2 × 106 and 2 × 108 colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL)) after oral infection of one-day-old chicks. Clinical signs and gross lesions of the EC-associated disease were monitored in the following seven weeks. Although both EC strains were originally isolated from clinical disease outbreaks and had a high embryonic lethality, only EC14 successfully induced the typical course of the EC-associated disease with characteristic clinical signs and gross lesions. In total, 23% of the birds in the two EC14-groups were EC-positive in extraintestinal organs on culture, and no differences were found between the two infectious doses. EC14 was frequently detected via real-time PCR in the free thoracic vertebra (FTV) and femoral heads without any detectable gross lesions. The number of EC positive spleens from infected broilers was comparable using bacterial isolation and a specific real-time PCR. Interestingly, EC15 was not detected in extraintestinal organs, although birds in the EC15 groups were colonized by EC in the ceca after experimental infection. The present study represents first proof that virulence differs among EC strains in experimentally infected chickens, and emphasizes the need to further characterize virulence factors and pathogenic mechanisms of EC. The strain EC14 at a dose of 106 CFU is suitable for reproduction of the EC-associated disease. The experimental infection model reported here provides the basis for further research on the EC pathogenesis and possible prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schreier
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arne Jung
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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32
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de Mesquita Souza Saraiva M, Lim K, do Monte DFM, Givisiez PEN, Alves LBR, de Freitas Neto OC, Kariuki S, Júnior AB, de Oliveira CJB, Gebreyes WA. Antimicrobial resistance in the globalized food chain: a One Health perspective applied to the poultry industry. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 53:465-486. [PMID: 34775576 PMCID: PMC8590523 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a major global public health crisis. The food animal industry will face escalating challenges to increase productivity while minimizing AMR, since the global demand for animal protein has been continuously increasing and food animals play a key role in the global food supply, particularly broiler chickens. As chicken products are sources of low-cost, high-quality protein, poultry production is an important economic driver for livelihood and survival in developed and developing regions. The globalization of the food supply, markedly in the poultry industry, is aligned to the globalization of the whole modern society, with an unprecedented exchange of goods and services, and transit of human populations among regions and countries. Considering the increasing threat posed by AMR, human civilization is faced with a complex, multifaceted problem compromising its future. Actions to mitigate antimicrobial resistance are needed in all sectors of the society at the human, animal, and environmental levels. This review discusses the problems associated with antimicrobial resistance in the globalized food chain, using the poultry sector as a model. We cover critical aspects of the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the poultry industry and their implications to public health in a global perspective. Finally, we provide current insights using the multidisciplinary One Health approach to mitigate AMR at the human-animal-environment interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro de Mesquita Souza Saraiva
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba (CCA/UFPB), Areia, PB, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Theriogenology, and One Health, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV-Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Kelvin Lim
- Veterinary Health Management Branch, National Parks Board, 6 Perahu Road, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Farias Marinho do Monte
- Department of Pathology, Theriogenology, and One Health, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV-Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Emília Naves Givisiez
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba (CCA/UFPB), Areia, PB, Brazil
| | - Lucas Bocchini Rodrigues Alves
- Department of Pathology, Theriogenology, and One Health, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV-Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Samuel Kariuki
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.,Global One Health initiative (GOHi), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Angelo Berchieri Júnior
- Department of Pathology, Theriogenology, and One Health, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV-Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Celso José Bruno de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba (CCA/UFPB), Areia, PB, Brazil.,Global One Health initiative (GOHi), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wondwossen Abebe Gebreyes
- Global One Health initiative (GOHi), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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33
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Yang Q, Liu J, Wang X, Robinson K, Whitmore MA, Stewart SN, Zhao J, Zhang G. Identification of an Intestinal Microbiota Signature Associated With the Severity of Necrotic Enteritis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:703693. [PMID: 34489892 PMCID: PMC8418326 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.703693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis (NE), an economically devastating disease of poultry caused by pathogenic Clostridium perfringens, is known to induce small intestinal lesions and dysbiosis. However, the intestinal microbes that are associated with NE severity are yet to be characterized. Here, we investigated the link between the ileal microbiota and disease severity in a chicken model of clinical NE using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our results indicated that richness and Shannon Index of the ileal microbiota were drastically reduced (p<0.01) as NE was exacerbated. While the relative abundance of C. perfringens increased from 0.02% in healthy chickens to 58–70% in chickens with severe infection, a majority of the ileal microbes were markedly diminished, albeit varying in their sensitivity to NE. Compositionally, a large group of ileal microbes showed a significant correlation with NE severity. Firmicutes, such as group A and B Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Subdoligranulum variabile, Mediterraneibacter, and Staphylococcus as well as two genera of Actinobacteria (Corynebacterium and Kocuria) and two highly related Cyanobacteria were progressively declined as NE was aggravated. Other Firmicutes, such as Weissella, Romboutsia, Kurthia, Cuneatibacter, Blautia, and Aerococcus, appeared much more sensitive and were rapidly abolished in chickens even with mild NE. On the other hand, Enterococcus cecorum and two Escherichia/Shigella species were only enriched in the ileal microbiota of chickens with extremely severe NE, while several other species such as Streptococcus gallolyticus and Bacteroides fragilis remained unaltered by NE. Functionally, secondary bile acid biosynthesis was predicted to be suppressed by NE, while biosynthesis of aromatic and branched-amino acids and metabolism of a majority of amino acids were predicted to be enhanced in the ileum of NE-afflicted chickens. These intestinal microbes showing a strong correlation with NE severity may provide important leads for the development of novel diagnostic or therapeutic approaches to NE and possibly other enteric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Xiaofan Wang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Kelsy Robinson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Melanie A Whitmore
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Sydney N Stewart
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
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Comparison of Chicken Cecal Microbiota after Metaphylactic Treatment or Following Administration of Feed Additives in a Broiler Farm with Enterococcal Spondylitis History. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10081068. [PMID: 34451532 PMCID: PMC8398815 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimizing the clinical signs of Enterococcus cecorum infections causing enterococcal spondylitis in broiler herds is successful when initiated as metaphylaxis in the first week of life. Mechanistically, either the Enterococcus species present at that time are reduced by antibiotic treatment or antibiotic treatment might induce changes in intestinal microbiota composition with an indirect and subsequent influence. The aim of the present study was to examine the cecal microbiota of chickens after administering lincospectin or different additives to evaluate whether these additives have lincospectin-like effects on microbiota. Therefore, 157,400 broiler chickens were reared in four chicken houses (~40,000 birds each) on a broiler farm with history of enterococcal spondylitis. Each flock was treated either with lincospectin or water soluble esterified butyrins, Bacillus (B.) licheniformis or palm oil was added via drinking water during the first days of life. Ten birds per house were dissected at days 11, 20 and 33 of life and cecal microbiota were analyzed (16S rRNA gene sequencing). Lincospectin treatment elicited significant changes in the cecal microbiota composition until slaughter age. Among the tested additives, effects of B. licheniformis on cecal microbiota composition were most similar to those seen after the treatment with lincospectin at day 11.
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Microbiota continuum along the chicken oviduct and its association with host genetics and egg formation. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101104. [PMID: 34051407 PMCID: PMC8167817 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota of female reproductive tract have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their effects on host fitness. However, the microbiota throughout the chicken oviduct and its symbiotic relationships with the host have not been well characterized. Here, we characterized the microbial composition of six segments of the reproductive tract, including the infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, vagina and cloaca, in pedigreed laying hens with phenotypes of egg quality and quantity. We found that the microbial diversity gradually increased along the reproductive tract from the infundibulum to the cloaca, and the microbial communities were distinct among the cloaca, vagina and four other oviductal segments. The magnum exhibited the lowest diversity, given that the lysozyme and other antimicrobial proteins are secreted at this location. The results of correlation estimated showed that the relationship between host genetic kinship and microbial distance was negligible. Additionally, the genetically related pairwise individuals did not exhibit a more similar microbial community than unrelated pairs. Although the egg might be directly contaminated with potential pathogenic bacteria during egg formation and oviposition, some microorganisms provide long-term benefits to the host. Among these, we observed that increased abundance of vaginal Staphylococcus and Ralstonia was significantly associated with darker eggshells. Meanwhile, vaginal Romboutsia could be used as a predictor for egg number. These findings provide insight into the nature of the chicken reproductive tract microbiota and highlight the effect of oviductal bacteria on the process of egg formation.
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36
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Takeshita N, Watanabe T, Ishida-Kuroki K, Sekizaki T. Transition of microbiota in chicken cecal droppings from commercial broiler farms. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:10. [PMID: 33407476 PMCID: PMC7789685 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chickens are major sources of human nutrition worldwide, but the chicken intestinal microbiota can be a source of bacterial infection. The microbiota has potential to regulate the colonization of pathogens by competitive exclusion, production of antimicrobial compounds, and stimulation of the mucosal immune system. But information on the microbiota in commercial broiler chickens is limited because of the difficulty of conducting studies at commercial farms. To obtain fundamental information that can be used to control pathogens in chickens, we determined the 6-week dynamics of microbiota in chicken cecal droppings from commercial broiler farms. Results Cecal droppings from four chickens were collected once a week from 1 to 6 weeks of age at three commercial broiler farms. A total of 168 samples were collected from 7 flocks and subjected to 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Despite the farms have distinctly different climate conditions, the microbiota in the same growth stages were similar among farms. Moreover, as the chickens grew and the feed types were switched, the richness and diversity of the microbiota gradually increased and convergence of the composition of the microbiota was apparent. Notably, minor bacterial taxa (i.e. OTUs with relative abundance < 0.05%) within the microbiota were changed by the chicken age, switching of feed types, and presence of Campylobacter. In particular, the effects of switching of feed types on the microbiota were larger than the effects of age and Campylobacter. Conclusions Irrespective of the locations of the farms, the microbiota of chicken cecum, especially minor bacteria, was successively changed more affected by feed types than by ages. Switching of feed types inducing the alteration of the microbiota may be associated with the colonization of pathogens in the chicken gut. These results will also help with extrapolation of studies in experimental animals to those in the commercial farms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-020-02688-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachiko Takeshita
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takayasu Watanabe
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,Present Address: Department of Chemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Kanda-Surugadai 1-8-13, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Kasumi Ishida-Kuroki
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sekizaki
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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Grund A, Rautenschlein S, Jung A. Tenacity of Enterococcus cecorum at different environmental conditions. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1494-1507. [PMID: 33064913 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our aim was to analyse the survival of Enterococcus cecorum (EC) at various temperatures, relative air humidities and on different substrates commonly existing in broiler houses. METHODS AND RESULTS A pathogenic EC isolate (EC14) was used to inoculate sterile litter, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and dust samples. Incubation at 37, 25 or 15°C with either 32% relative humidity (RH) or 78% RH followed. At defined time points (0-4272 h post-inoculation), samples were examined in triplicate for the total viable count. Selected combinations were repeated for a non-pathogenic and two additional pathogenic EC strains. For EC14, the measured survival time ranged from 48 to 4272 h (178 days) depending on the substrate-humidity-temperature combination. The longevity was the highest on litter, followed by dust and then PVC. Lower temperatures facilitated its survival, lower relative air humidity favoured the survival only in combination with 25 or 15°C. All three pathogenic strains showed longer survival times (up to 432 h, 18 days) compared to the non-pathogenic EC strain (168 h, 7 days) under the same conditions. CONCLUSIONS Enterococcus cecorum demonstrates a high persistence in the environment especially at 15°C and 32% RH. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Hygiene management plans should consider the durability of EC and the risk of a carry-over to control consecutive EC outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Grund
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arne Jung
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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38
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Ruuskanen S, Rainio MJ, Gómez-Gallego C, Selenius O, Salminen S, Collado MC, Saikkonen K, Saloniemi I, Helander M. Glyphosate-based herbicides influence antioxidants, reproductive hormones and gut microbiome but not reproduction: A long-term experiment in an avian model. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115108. [PMID: 32768925 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Controversial glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are the most frequently used herbicides globally. GBH residues in the wild, in animal and human food may expose non-target organisms to health risks, yet the developmental and cumulative effects of GBHs on physiology and reproduction remain poorly understood. We present the first long-term study on the effects of subtoxic GBH exposure (160 mg/kg) on multiple key physiological biomarkers (cellular oxidative status and neurotransmitters), gut microbiome, reproductive hormones, and reproduction in an avian model. We experimentally exposed in Japanese quail females and males (Coturnix japonica) to GBHs and respective controls from the age of 10 days-52 weeks. GBH exposure decreased hepatic activity of an intracellular antioxidant enzyme (catalase), independent of sex, but did not influence other intracellular oxidative stress biomarkers or neurotransmitter enzyme (acetylcholinesterase). GBH exposure altered overall gut microbiome composition, especially at a younger age and in females, and suppressed potentially beneficial microbes at an early age. Many of the microbial groups increased in frequency from 12 to 28 weeks under GBH exposure. GBH exposure decreased male testosterone levels both at sexual maturity and at 52 weeks of exposure, but did not clearly influence reproduction in either sex (maturation, testis size or egg production). Future studies are needed to characterize the effects on reproductive physiology in more detail. Our results suggest that cumulative GBH exposure may influence health and reproduction-related traits, which is important in predicting their effects on wild populations and global poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos Gómez-Gallego
- University of Eastern Finland, Finland; Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Otto Selenius
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Finland; Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Finland
| | | | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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39
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Walker GK, Suyemoto MM, Gall S, Chen L, Thakur S, Borst LB. The role of Enterococcus faecalis during co-infection with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in avian colibacillosis. Avian Pathol 2020; 49:589-599. [PMID: 32674609 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1796926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus spp. (ENT) are frequently co-isolated with avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) from poultry with colibacillosis, a leading cause of flock mortality. Although largely overlooked, ENT may play an active role in these infections. To assess the frequency of ENT co-isolation in colibacillosis, cultures were collected from birds with gross lesions of omphalitis, polyserositis, and septicaemia over a 3-year period from three turkey flocks and three broiler flocks. In birds diagnosed with colibacillosis based on gross findings and isolation of E. coli, ENT were co-isolated with APEC in 35.7% (n = 41/115) of colibacillosis mortality and 3.7% of total mortality (n = 41/1122). Co-isolated APEC and ENT pairs (n = 41) were further characterized using antimicrobial resistance phenotyping and in vitro co-culture assays. E. faecalis (EF) was the most commonly co-isolated species (68% n = 28/41) and tetracycline resistance was the resistance phenotype most commonly found among APEC (51% n = 21/41) and ENT (93% n = 38/41). Under iron-restricted conditions, EF enhanced APEC growth in a proximity-dependent manner and APEC grown in mixed culture with EF exhibited a significant growth and survival advantage (P ≤ 0.01). In an embryo lethality assay, APEC co-infection with EF resulted in decreased survival of broiler embryos compared to mono-infections (P ≤ 0.05). These data demonstrate that EF augmented APEC survival and growth under iron limiting conditions, possibly translating to the increased virulence of APEC in broiler embryos. Thus, ENT co-infections may be a previously unrecognized contributor to colibacillosis-related mortality. Further investigations into the mechanism of this interaction are warranted. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Enterococcus is frequently co-isolated with avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). Enterococcus faecalis (EF) enhances survival of APEC in iron restricted conditions. EF co-infection increases APEC virulence in broiler embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grayson K Walker
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - M Mitsu Suyemoto
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Sesny Gall
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Laura Chen
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Siddhartha Thakur
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Luke B Borst
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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40
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Fodor A, Abate BA, Deák P, Fodor L, Gyenge E, Klein MG, Koncz Z, Muvevi J, Ötvös L, Székely G, Vozik D, Makrai L. Multidrug Resistance (MDR) and Collateral Sensitivity in Bacteria, with Special Attention to Genetic and Evolutionary Aspects and to the Perspectives of Antimicrobial Peptides-A Review. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9070522. [PMID: 32610480 PMCID: PMC7399985 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9070522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic poly-resistance (multidrug-, extreme-, and pan-drug resistance) is controlled by adaptive evolution. Darwinian and Lamarckian interpretations of resistance evolution are discussed. Arguments for, and against, pessimistic forecasts on a fatal “post-antibiotic era” are evaluated. In commensal niches, the appearance of a new antibiotic resistance often reduces fitness, but compensatory mutations may counteract this tendency. The appearance of new antibiotic resistance is frequently accompanied by a collateral sensitivity to other resistances. Organisms with an expanding open pan-genome, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, can withstand an increased number of resistances by exploiting their evolutionary plasticity and disseminating clonally or poly-clonally. Multidrug-resistant pathogen clones can become predominant under antibiotic stress conditions but, under the influence of negative frequency-dependent selection, are prevented from rising to dominance in a population in a commensal niche. Antimicrobial peptides have a great potential to combat multidrug resistance, since antibiotic-resistant bacteria have shown a high frequency of collateral sensitivity to antimicrobial peptides. In addition, the mobility patterns of antibiotic resistance, and antimicrobial peptide resistance, genes are completely different. The integron trade in commensal niches is fortunately limited by the species-specificity of resistance genes. Hence, we theorize that the suggested post-antibiotic era has not yet come, and indeed might never come.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Fodor
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- Correspondence: or (A.F.); (L.M.); Tel.: +36-(30)-490-9294 (A.F.); +36-(30)-271-2513 (L.M.)
| | - Birhan Addisie Abate
- Ethiopian Biotechnology Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology Directorate, Addis Ababa 5954, Ethiopia;
| | - Péter Deák
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Fodor
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 22, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ervin Gyenge
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor St., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.G.); (G.S.)
- Institute for Research-Development-Innovation in Applied Natural Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele St., 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Michael G. Klein
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691, USA;
| | - Zsuzsanna Koncz
- Max-Planck Institut für Pflanzenzüchtungsforschung, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Köln, Germany;
| | | | - László Ötvös
- OLPE, LLC, Audubon, PA 19403-1965, USA;
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Arrevus, Inc., Raleigh, NC 27612, USA
| | - Gyöngyi Székely
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor St., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.G.); (G.S.)
- Institute for Research-Development-Innovation in Applied Natural Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele St., 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Centre for Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Babeș-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor St., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dávid Vozik
- Research Institute on Bioengineering, Membrane Technology and Energetics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Veszprem, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary; or or
| | - László Makrai
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 22, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary;
- Correspondence: or (A.F.); (L.M.); Tel.: +36-(30)-490-9294 (A.F.); +36-(30)-271-2513 (L.M.)
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41
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Comparison of Antimicrobial Resistance and Pan-Genome of Clinical and Non-Clinical Enterococcus cecorum from Poultry Using Whole-Genome Sequencing. Foods 2020; 9:foods9060686. [PMID: 32466367 PMCID: PMC7353540 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus cecorum is an emerging avian pathogen, particularly in chickens, but can be found in both diseased (clinical) and healthy (non-clinical) poultry. To better define differences between E. cecorum from the two groups, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to identify and compare antimicrobial resistance genes as well as the pan-genome among the isolates. Eighteen strains selected from our previous study were subjected to WGS using Illumina MiSeq and comparatively analyzed. Assembled contigs were analyzed for resistance genes using ARG-ANNOT. Resistance to erythromycin was mediated by ermB, ermG, and mefA, in clinical isolates and ermB and mefA, in non-clinical isolates. Lincomycin resistance genes were identified as linB, lnuB, lnuC, and lnuD with lnuD found only in non-clinical E. cecorum; however, lnuB and linB were found in only one clinical isolate. For both groups of isolates, kanamycin resistance was mediated by aph3-III, while tetracycline resistance was conferred by tetM, tetO, and tetL. No mutations or known resistance genes were found for isolates resistant to either linezolid or chloramphenicol, suggesting possible new mechanisms of resistance to these drugs. A comparison of WGS results confirmed that non-clinical isolates contained more resistance genes than clinical isolates. The pan-genome of clinical and non-clinical isolates resulted in 3651 and 4950 gene families, respectively, whereas the core gene sets were comprised of 1559 and 1534 gene families in clinical and non-clinical isolates, respectively. Unique genes were found more frequently in non-clinical isolates than clinical. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolates and all the available complete and draft genomes showed no correlation between healthy and diseased poultry. Additional genomic comparison is required to elucidate genetic factors in E. cecorum that contribute to disease in poultry.
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42
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Gangadoo S, Bauer BW, Bajagai YS, Van TTH, Moore RJ, Stanley D. In vitro growth of gut microbiota with selenium nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5:424-431. [PMID: 31890921 PMCID: PMC6920403 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The application of nanoparticles rose steeply in the last decade, where they have become a common ingredient used in processed human food, improving food properties such as shelf life and appearance. Nanoparticles have also attracted considerable interest to the livestock industry, due to their efficacy in intestinal pathogen control, with the regulatory and consumer driven push for the removal of antibiotic growth promoters. The influence of selenium (Se) nanoparticles was investigated on a diverse and mature broiler caecal microbiota using in vitro culturing and 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods for microbiota characterisation. Caecal microbiota was collected from 4 traditionally grown heritage roosters and grown for 48 h, in the presence and absence of Se nanoparticles, with 2 technical replicates each. The effect of rooster as a biological variable strongly overpowered the effects of nano-Se in the media, resulting in moderate effects on the structure and diversity of the caecal microbial community. However the nanoparticles showed a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the abundance of an emerging poultry pathogen, Enterococcus cecorum identical operational taxonomic units (OTU), which could be of notable interest in poultry production for targeted E. cecorum control without significant disturbance to the total microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeana Gangadoo
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, 4702, Australia
- Poultry Cooperative Research Centre, University of New England Armidale, New South Wales, 2315, Australia
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, 4702, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Benjamin W. Bauer
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, 4702, Australia
- Poultry Cooperative Research Centre, University of New England Armidale, New South Wales, 2315, Australia
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, 4702, Australia
| | - Yadav S. Bajagai
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, 4702, Australia
| | - Thi Thu Hao Van
- RMIT University, School of Science, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Robert J. Moore
- Poultry Cooperative Research Centre, University of New England Armidale, New South Wales, 2315, Australia
- RMIT University, School of Science, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Dragana Stanley
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, 4702, Australia
- Poultry Cooperative Research Centre, University of New England Armidale, New South Wales, 2315, Australia
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, 4702, Australia
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