1
|
Jamali H, Akrami F, Bouakkaz S, Dozois CM. Prevalence of specific serogroups, antibiotic resistance and virulence factors of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolated from clinical cases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2024; 194:106843. [PMID: 39117015 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli infecting poultry, commonly called avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) present significant risks, to the health of both poultry and the general public. This systematic review aimed to examine the prevalence of APEC serotypes, sequence types (ST), phylogenetic groups, virulence factors and antibiotic resistance patterns based on 189 research papers sourced from PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest. Then, data were extracted from the selected studies and analyzed to assess the global distribution and characteristics of APEC strains. The metaprop codes in the Meta and Metafor packages of R as implemented in RStudio were then used to conduct meta-analysis. Among APEC strains identified from these different research reports serogroup O78 had the highest overall prevalence (16 %), followed by serogroups O2 (10 %), and O117 (8 %). The most common ST profiles were ST117 (20 %), ST140 (15 %), ST95 (12 %), and ST131 (9 %). ST117 and ST140 are known reservoirs for pathogenic E. coli in humans. Moreover, phylogenetic assessment highlighted the prevalence of phylogroups A, A1, F, D, and B2 among APEC strains indicating diversity in phylogenetic origin within poultry populations. The presence of antimicrobial resistance was notable among APEC strains against antibiotics such as tetracyclines, penicillins, and cephalosporins. This resistance may be linked to use of antimicrobials in poultry production in certain regions presenting challenges for both animal health management and human infection control. Analysis of sequences linked to adherence or virulence indicated that genes encoding adhesins (csg, fimC), iron/metal uptake (sitB, sitC, iroD) and cytotoxicity (estB, hlyF), and serum resistance (traT, iss) were highly prevalent. These factors have been reported to contribute to APEC host colonization and virulence in poultry. In summary, this overview of the characteristics of APEC highlights the pressing importance of monitoring and implementing management approaches to reduce antimicrobial resistance considering that a phylogenetic diversity of E. coli strains causes infections in both poultry and humans and represents a risk to both animal and public health. Further, determining the major conserved aspects and predominant mechanisms of virulence of APEC is critical for improving diagnostics and developing preventative measures to reduce the burden of infection caused by pathogenic E. coli in poultry and lower risks associated with foodborne transmission of E. coli to humans through poultry and poultry products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jamali
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Fariba Akrami
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Souhaib Bouakkaz
- École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 R. Notre Dame Ouest, Montréal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Charles M Dozois
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Misumi W, Magome A, Okuhama E, Uchimura E, Tamamura-Andoh Y, Watanabe Y, Kusumoto M. CTX-M-55-type ESBL-producing fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli sequence type 23 repeatedly caused avian colibacillosis in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 35:325-331. [PMID: 37918785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The production of expanded-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and fluoroquinolone resistance in Enterobacteriaceae has become a global concern. The aim of this study was to investigate the spread of ESBL-producing and fluoroquinolone-resistant avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in Kagoshima, a prefecture with the largest amount of poultry in Japan. METHODS The antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of 228 APEC strains isolated from 57 farms in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, between 2005 and 2017 were analysed. Information about the companies with hatcheries connected to the farms was also collected, and the epidemiologic relatedness of APEC strains and the processes of adopting chicks were compared. RESULTS Seven CTX-M-type ESBL genes, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-25, blaCTX-M-55, and blaCTX-M-65, were found in 60 (26.3%) of the 228 APEC strains. The ciprofloxacin-resistant strains belonged to 10 different sequence types (ST10, ST23, ST93, ST155, ST156, ST350, ST359, ST602, ST648, and ST9479), and the two ST602 strains showed remarkably high ciprofloxacin resistance (MIC: 128 µg/mL) and had amino acid mutations in GyrA (S83L and D87N), ParC (S80I), and ParE (E460A). A CTX-M-55-type ESBL-producing fluoroquinolone-resistant Og78-ST23 strain was isolated multiple times over two years on a farm. Furthermore, epidemiologically closely related strains were isolated from different farms that used the same common hatcheries. CONCLUSIONS APEC is often transferred from hatcheries to farms via healthy chicks, and the prudent use of antimicrobials and careful monitoring of resistant strains on poultry farms and hatcheries are important in preventing the selection and spread of high-risk APEC strains such as CTX-M-55-type ESBL-producing Og78-ST23.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wakako Misumi
- Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Hioki, Kagoshima, Japan; Soo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Shibushi, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Asami Magome
- Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Hioki, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Erina Okuhama
- Miyazaki Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Sadowara, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Eriko Uchimura
- Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Hioki, Kagoshima, Japan; Kimotsuki Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yukino Tamamura-Andoh
- Division of Zoonosis Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Watanabe
- Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Hioki, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kusumoto
- Division of Zoonosis Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rehman MA, Rempel H, Carrillo CD, Ziebell K, Allen K, Manges AR, Topp E, Diarra MS. Virulence Genotype and Phenotype of Multiple Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Broilers Assessed from a "One-Health" Perspective. J Food Prot 2022; 85:336-354. [PMID: 34762732 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) include several serotypes that have been associated with colibacillosis in poultry and with urinary tract infections (UTIs) and newborn meningitis in humans. In this study, 57 antimicrobial-resistant E. coli from apparently healthy broiler chickens were characterized for their health and safety risks. These isolates belonged to 12 serotypes, and isolates of the same serotype were clonal based on single nucleotide variant analysis. Most of the isolates harbored plasmids; IncC and IncFIA were frequently detected. The majority of the resistant isolates harbored plasmid-mediated resistance genes, including aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, blaCMY-2, floR, sul1, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B), in agreement with their resistant phenotypes. The class 1 integron was detected in all E. coli serotypes except O124:H25 and O7:H6. Of the 57 broiler E. coli isolates, 27 were avian pathogenic, among which 18 were also uropathogenic E. coli and the remainder were other ExPEC. The two isolates of serotype O161:H4 (ST117) were genetically related to the control avian pathogenic strains and a clinical isolate associated with UTIs. A strain of serotype O159:H45 (ST101) also was closely related to a UTI isolate. The detected virulence factors included adhesins, invasins, siderophores, type III secretion systems, and toxins in combination with other virulence determinants. A broiler isolate of serotype O7:H18 (ST38) carried the ibeA gene encoding a protein involved in invasion of brain endothelium on a 102-kbp genetic island. This isolate moderately adhered and invaded Caco-2 cells and induced mortality (42.5%) in a day-old-chick infection model. The results of this study suggest that multiple antimicrobial-resistant E. coli isolates recovered from apparent healthy broilers can be pathogenic and act as reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance genes, highlighting the necessity of their assessment in a "One-Heath" context. HIGHLIGHTS
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Attiq Rehman
- Guelph Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9
| | - Heidi Rempel
- Agassiz Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada V0M 1A2
| | - Catherine D Carrillo
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa Laboratory (Carling), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4K7
| | - Kim Ziebell
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 3W4
| | - Kevin Allen
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Amee R Manges
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4R4
| | - Edward Topp
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada N5V 4T3
| | - Moussa S Diarra
- Guelph Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Z, Zheng X, Guo G, Hu Z, Miao J, Dong Y, Xu Z, Zhou Q, Wei X, Han X, Liu Y, Zhang W. O145 may be emerging as a predominant serogroup of Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in China. Vet Microbiol 2022; 266:109358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
5
|
Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant avian pathogenic Escherichia coli from broiler chickens in Korea. J APPL POULTRY RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
6
|
Molecular Detection of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) for the First Time in Layer Farms in Bangladesh and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071021. [PMID: 32660167 PMCID: PMC7409187 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes significant economic losses in poultry industries. Here, we determined for the first time in Bangladesh, the prevalence of APEC-associated virulence genes in E. coli isolated from layer farms and their antibiotic resistance patterns. A total of 99 samples comprising internal organs, feces, and air were collected from 32 layer farms. Isolation was performed by culturing samples on eosin–methylene blue agar plates, while the molecular detection of APEC was performed by PCR, and antibiograms were performed by disk diffusion. Among the samples, 36 were positive for the APEC-associated virulence genes fimC, iucD, and papC. Out of 36 isolates, 7, 18, and 11 were positive, respectively, for three virulence genes (papC, fimC, and iucD), two virulence genes, and a single virulence gene. Although the detection of virulence genes was significantly higher in the internal organs, the air and feces were also positive. The antibiograms revealed that all the isolates (100%) were resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline; 97.2%, to chloramphenicol and erythromycin; 55.5%, to enrofloxacin; 50.0%, to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin; 19.4%, to streptomycin; 11.1%, to colistin; and 8.33%, to gentamicin. Interestingly, all the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient analysis revealed the strongest significant correlation between norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin resistance. This is the first study in Bangladesh describing the molecular detection of APEC in layer farms. Isolated APEC can now be used for detailed genetic characterization and assessing the impact on public health.
Collapse
|
7
|
Thomrongsuwannakij T, Blackall PJ, Djordjevic SP, Cummins ML, Chansiripornchai N. A comparison of virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance profiles and genetic diversity of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates from broilers and broiler breeders in Thailand and Australia. Avian Pathol 2020; 49:457-466. [PMID: 32374190 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1764493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the causative agent of colibacillosis resulting in economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. A total of 168 APEC isolates, equal numbers from Australian and Thai broilers/broiler breeders, were identified and tested for their susceptibility to ten antimicrobial agents. Most of the Thai APEC isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) (60.7%) whilst Australian APEC isolates showed a MDR rate of just 10.7%. The Thai APEC isolates exhibited high resistance to tetracycline (TET) (84.5%), amoxicillin (AMX) (70.2%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) (51.2%) whilst the Australian APEC isolates showed lower levels of resistance (TET 36.9%, AMX 29.8%, SXT 17.86%). The 34 Thai APEC and four Australian APEC isolates which were resistant to nalidixic acid were characterized for their carriage of mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region of gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE. While no mutations were detected in gyrB in the Thai isolates, the Ser83Leu and Asp87Asn substitutions in gyrA and Ser80Ile in parC were common (n = 9/34). In regard to the Australian isolates, the Ser83Leu and Asp678Glu substitution in gyrA, Pro385Ala and Ser492Asn in gyrB and Met241Ile and Asp475Glu in parC were identified (n = 3/4). Rep-PCR analysis of the 84 Thai and 84 Australian APEC isolates showed 16 main clusters that mostly contained isolates from both countries. Our results suggest that the emergence of MDR is a major concern for the Thai APEC isolates and that more prudent use of antimicrobial agents in Thai poultry production is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thotsapol Thomrongsuwannakij
- Avian Health Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakorn Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Patrick J Blackall
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | | | - Max L Cummins
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Niwat Chansiripornchai
- Avian Health Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao S, Wang CL, Chang SK, Tsai YL, Chou CH. Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolated from Day-old Chicken Fluff in Taiwanese Hatcheries. Avian Dis 2020; 63:9-16. [PMID: 31251514 DOI: 10.1637/11935-072318-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Avian colibacillosis resulting from avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) seriously disrupts poultry production. Hatcheries are the main source of chickens for commercial farms. To characterize the potential pathogenicity of E. coli strains isolated from hatcheries, 2344 fluff samples from 1-day-old chickens were collected from hatching incubators between October 2016 and November 2017. Among the hatcheries, the incidence of E. coli varied from 0% to 16.9%, with an overall incidence of 2.0%. High incidences reflected inadequate sanitation in some hatcheries. We also compared 20 clinically isolated APEC strains with fluff-originated E. coli in terms of existence of 10 virulence-associated genes (VAGs) and antimicrobial-resistance genes, and antimicrobial resistance using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Our results showed that APEC more-frequently possessed most of the assessed VAGs (papC, astA, cvaC, hlyF, fyuA, iroN, iutA, iss, and ompT), suggesting that fluff-originated E. coli is less likely to cause avian colibacillosis. However, fluff-originated E. coli more-frequently expressed the adhesion gene fimC, which could confer higher upper respiratory tract adhesion. Both APEC and fluff-originated E. coli demonstrated multidrug resistance including 100% resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalexin, florfenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Based on median MIC values, fluff-originated E. coli was more susceptible to antibiotics. However, resistance-gene existence did not significantly differ between groups, suggesting that fluff-originated E. coli should still be a public health concern. Molecular subtyping with XbaI-digested pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that only a few strains showed identical patterns, indicating that a variety of contamination sources were present within individual hatcheries. Identical strains within the same hatchery may indicate vertical transmission from parent flocks. Overall, this is the first study to characterize fluff-originated E. coli. Our results suggest that it has lower pathogenicity than APEC and that thorough sanitation should be performed to reduce the occurrence of fluff-originated E. coli in hatcheries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhao
- Zoonoses Research Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lan Wang
- Zoonoses Research Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Kuang Chang
- Zoonoses Research Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lun Tsai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County 91201, Taiwan,
| | - Chung-Hsi Chou
- Zoonoses Research Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Incidence, Pathotyping, and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli among Diseased Broiler Chicks. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9020114. [PMID: 32059459 PMCID: PMC7168244 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 54 broiler flocks during the first two weeks of life was used to investigate the incidence of avian pathogenic E. coli in Egypt; 28 isolates (51.85%) were revealed by colony morphology and biochemical identification which then investigated for their serogroups and only 18/28 isolates were serotyped. The most prevalent serotypes were O115, O142, O158, O55, O125, O114, O27, O20, and O15. By application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 83.3% (15/18) of the serotyped isolates were confirmed to be E. coli, and 93.3% (14/15), 46.6% (7/15), and 20% (3/15) of isolates harbored the iss, iutA, and fimH genes, respectively. Virulence testing of the selected 13 APEC isolates on the specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks revealed them to be highly virulent (15.4%), moderately virulent (23.1%), and avirulent (61.5%); however, all isolates (100%) were extremely virulent towards SPF embryonated chicken eggs. Antibiotic resistance (100% of isolates (n = 13)) was observed for ampicillin, amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, and tetracyclines, colistin (92.31%; 12/13), doxycycline and spiramycin (84.62%; 11/13), florfenicol (69.23%; 9/13), cefotaxime (61.54%; 8/13), and ciprofloxacin (53.85%; 7/13). The highest percentage of sensitivity (53.85% of isolates; 7/13) was recorded for ofloxacin and enrofloxacin followed by gentamycin (46.15%; 6/13). The results suggest that the diagnosis of APEC with PCR is rapid and more accurate than traditional methods for E. coli identification; moreover, the presence or absence of iss, iutA, and/or fimH genes is not an indicator of in vivo pathogenicity of APEC. Thus, further studies, including a wider range of virulence genes and gene sequencing, are required. In addition, serotyping has no effect on the virulence of APEC.
Collapse
|
10
|
Varga C, Brash ML, Slavic D, Boerlin P, Ouckama R, Weis A, Petrik M, Philippe C, Barham M, Guerin MT. Evaluating Virulence-Associated Genes and Antimicrobial Resistance of Avian PathogenicEscherichia coliIsolates from Broiler and Broiler Breeder Chickens in Ontario, Canada. Avian Dis 2018; 62:291-299. [DOI: 10.1637/11834-032818-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Varga
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Marina L. Brash
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Durda Slavic
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Patrick Boerlin
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Rachel Ouckama
- Maple Lodge Hatcheries Ltd., Port Hope, Ontario, Canada, L1A 3V5
| | - Alexandru Weis
- Smith & Weisz Poultry Veterinary Services, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1L 1G3
| | - Mike Petrik
- McKinley Hatchery, St. Mary's, Ontario, Canada, N4X 1G2
| | | | - Melanie Barham
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Michele T. Guerin
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Amer MM, Mekky HM, Amer AM, Fedawy HS. Antimicrobial resistance genes in pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from diseased broiler chickens in Egypt and their relationship with the phenotypic resistance characteristics. Vet World 2018; 11:1082-1088. [PMID: 30250367 PMCID: PMC6141278 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1082-1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between phenotypic resistance and genotypic resistance of isolated serotyped pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from the clinically diseased broiler. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 samples (heart, liver, kidney, and lung) were collected from 18 to 34 days old clinically diseased broiler from 40 broiler farms (3-5 birds/farm) reared in Giza and Kaluobaia Governorates for the isolation of pathogenic E. coli. Various E. coli isolates were tested for the pathogenicity based on Congo red (CR) dye binding assay. The obtained CR-positive E. coli isolates were subjected to serological identification using slide agglutination test. Disc diffusion test was used to study the sensitivity pattern of E. coli isolates to available 12 antibiotics. Polymerase chain reaction was performed for the detection of antimicrobial resistance genes in the studied pathogenic E. coli isolates. Results: The results revealed that 56 samples (35 %) were positive for E. coli. The results of the CR assay indicates that 20 isolates of 56 (35.7%) were positive and 36 isolates (64.3%) were negative. Identified E. coli serotypes of CR-positive isolates were 1 (O24), 2 (O44), 2 (O55), 5 (O78), 2 (O86), 1 (124), 3 (O127), 1 (O158), and 3 untyped. Resistance rate in disc diffusion test was 85% to oxytetracycline and kanamycin; 80% to ampicillin (AMP), clindamycin, and streptomycin (S); 75% to enrofloxacin; 65% to chloramphenicol; 55% to cefotaxime and gentamicin (CN); 45% to trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole; 35% to erythromycin (ERI); and 30% to oxacillin. All strains are multidrug-resistant (MDR). Antibacterial resistance genes CITM, ere, aac (3)-(IV), tet(A), tet(B), dfr(A1), and aad(A1) were detected in 14 (70%), 12 (60%), 12 (60%), 8 (40%), 11 (55%), 8 (40%), and 9 (45%) of tested 20 isolates, respectively. Multidrug resistance was detected in the form of resistance to 42%-83.3% of tested 12 antibiotics. Three isolates (15%) of 20 tested isolates showed a relationship between phenotype and genotype and 17 (85%) showed irregular relation. Strains are sensitive and show resistant gene (P-G+) presented in three isolates for AMP (beta-lactam), one for ERI (Macrolide), as well as five isolates for trimethoprim (pyrimidine inhibitor). E. coli isolates had resistance and lacked gene (P+ G-) reported meanly in one isolate for CN (aminoglycoside), two isolates for tetracycline, four isolates for ERI, seven isolates for trimethoprim, and eight isolates for S (aminoglycoside). Conclusion: The study demonstrates that E. coli is still a major pathogen responsible for disease conditions in broiler. E. coli isolates are pathogenic and MDR. Responsible gene was detected for six antibiotics in most of the isolates, but some do not show gene expression, this may be due to few numbers of resistance genes tested or other resistance factors not included in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Amer
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hoda M Mekky
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aziza M Amer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanaa S Fedawy
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ozaki H, Matsuoka Y, Nakagawa E, Murase T. Characteristics of Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chickens with colibacillosis in commercial farms from a common hatchery. Poult Sci 2018. [PMID: 28637225 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the epidemiologic aspects of colibacillosis in broiler chickens, 83 Escherichia coli isolates obtained from the pericarditis and perihepatitis lesions in broiler chickens from 4 commercial farms, 5 isolates recovered from 5 samples of yolk sac contents that were pooled from 25 emaciated chicks, and 4 fecal isolates obtained from a hatchery that supplied chicks to the 4 commercial farms mentioned above were genetically and bacteriologically characterized. Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), a total of 92 isolates were classified into 33 pulsotypes. Identical pulsotypes were observed in isolates obtained from hatchery samples and the affected broiler chickens on multiple farms at various sampling times. Seventeen representative isolates with no common origin belonging to 6 pulsotypes and an additional 27 isolates with the other pulsotypes were used for further experiments. Isolates with identical pulsotypes exhibited common traits for virulence-associated genes, lipopolysaccharide core types, and phylogenetic groups. Nine of the isolates were serologically typed as O125 with various types of H antigens and 3 were typed as O25:H4. In the 27 isolates resistant to ceftiofur (CTF), which is a third generation cephalosporin, the blaCTX-M-2, blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-65 genes were found in 15, 8, 3, and 1 isolate(s), respectively, and another isolate resistant to CTF had both the blaCTX-M-2 and the blaCMY-2 genes. In the 16 isolates with the blaCTX-M-2 gene, the chromosomal location of the gene was identified in 12 isolates. The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes, oqxAB and aac(6')-Ib-cr, were found in 2 and 3 isolates, respectively. Conjugation experiments revealed that the blaCTX-M-2 (4 isolates), blaCTX-M-14 (3 isolates), blaSHV-12 (1 isolate), and oqxAB (2 isolates) genes were transferred. Our data suggest that E. coli strains with identical pulsotypes had been caused the incidences of colibacillosis and that the antimicrobial resistance genes on conjugative plasmids and those integrated into the chromosome may be spread among avian pathogenic E. coli strains in multiple farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Ozaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.,The Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Y Matsuoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - E Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - T Murase
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.,The Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Deletion of luxS further attenuates the virulence of the avian pathogenic Escherichia coli aroA mutant. Microb Pathog 2015; 88:39-47. [PMID: 26271577 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an aroA-deletion avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) mutant (strain DE17ΔaroA) and aroA and luxS double deletion APEC mutant (strain DE17ΔluxSΔaroA) were constructed from the APEC DE17 strain. The results showed that as compared to DE17ΔaroA, the virulence of DE17ΔluxSΔaroA was further attenuated by 200- and 31.7-fold, respectively, in ducklings based on the 50% lethal dose. The adherence and invasion abilities of DE17ΔluxSΔaroA and DE17ΔaroA were reduced by 36.5%/42.5% and 25.8%/29.3%, respectively, as compared to the wild-type strain DE17 (p < 0.05 and 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that the bacterial loads of DE17ΔluxSΔaroA were reduced by 8400- and 11,333-fold in the spleen and blood of infected birds, respectively, while those of DE17ΔaroA were reduced by 743- and 1000-fold, respectively, as compared to the wild-type strain DE17. Histopathological analysis showed both that the mutants were associated with reduced pathological changes in the liver, spleen, and kidney of ducklings, and changes in DE17ΔluxSΔaroA-infected ducklings were reduced to a greater degree than those infected with DE17ΔaroA. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis further demonstrated that the mRNA levels of virulence-related genes (i.e., tsh, ompA, vat, iucD, pfs, fyuA, and fimC) were significantly decreased in DE17ΔaroA, especially in DE17ΔluxSΔaroA, as compared to DE17 (p < 0.05). In addition, the deletion of aroA or the double deletion of aroA and luxS reduced bacterial motility. To evaluate the potential use of DE17ΔluxSΔaroA as a vaccine candidate, 50 7-day-old ducklings were divided randomly into five groups of ten each for the experiment. The results showed that the ducklings immunized with inactivated DE17, DE17ΔluxS, DE17ΔaroA, and DE17ΔluxSΔaroA were 70.0%, 70.0%, 70.0, and 80.0% protected, respectively, after challenge with strain APEC DE17. The results of this study suggest that the double deletion of luxS and aroA attenuated APEC pathogenicity and DE17ΔluxSΔaroA was more appropriate for development of a future vaccine against avian colibacillosis than DE17ΔaroA.
Collapse
|
14
|
Korb A, Nazareno ERD, Costa LD, Nogueira KDS, Dalsenter PR, Tuon FF, Pomba MC. Tipagem molecular e resistência aos antimicrobianos em isolados de Escherichia coli de frangos de corte e de tratadores na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba, Paraná. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2015000300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Este estudo verificou o perfil de resistência aos antimicrobianos entre isolados de Escherichia coli de frangos de corte de criação intensiva e de subsistência e dos respectivos tratadores e a similaridade genotípica entre isolados de E.coli de frangos de corte de criação intensiva e isolados de E. coli de tratadores de frangos de criação intensiva pela técnica de Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado (PFGE). 60 amostras de fezes de frangos de criação intensiva, 60 de frangos de corte de criação de subsistência (caipira) e 20 amostras dos tratadores de frangos de criação intensiva e 20 de tratadores de frangos de criação de subsistência. E. coli foram isoladas, identificadas e submetidas ao teste de suscetibilidade a 12 antimicrobianos. Pela PFGE foram analisados 24 isolados de E. coli de frangos de corte de criação intensiva e oito de tratadores. Em isolados E. coli de frangos de criação intensiva a resistência para a ampicilina foi de 100%, cefotaxima 43%, ceftriaxona 48%, ácido nalidíxico 62%, enrofloxacina 23%, ciprofloxacina 23%, tetraciclina 83% e 45% para trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol. Nos isolados de frangos de criação de subsistência foi de 20%, 0%, 0%, 5%, 2%, 4%, 33% e 8%, respectivamente. Resistência à fosfomicina e à nitrofurantoína foi encontrada em isolados de frangos de criação de subsistência. Em isolados de E. coli de tratadores de frangos de corte de criação intensiva a resistência para ampicilina foi de 60%, para ciprofloxacina 25% e para tetraciclina 45%, enquanto nos tratadores de subsistência foram de 20%, 5% e 30%, respectivamente. Isolados de E. coli de frangos em criação de subsistência apresentaram 46,6%(28/60) de suscetibilidade a todos os antimicrobianos testados enquanto que na criação intensiva 81%(49/60) foram multirresistentes. Sete clusters de isolados de E. coli de frangos de diferentes aviários apresentaram similaridade acima de 80%, e dois destes foram superiores a 95%. Três clusters de isolados de frangos e de tratadores apresentaram similaridade superior a 80%. Somente um destes clusters foi de isolado de tratador e de frango do mesmo aviário.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnildo Korb
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Barbieri NL, de Oliveira AL, Tejkowski TM, Pavanelo DB, Matter LB, Pinheiro SRS, Vaz TMI, Nolan LK, Logue CM, de Brito BG, Horn F. Molecular characterization and clonal relationships among Escherichia coli strains isolated from broiler chickens with colisepticemia. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 12:74-83. [PMID: 25514382 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterized 52 Escherichia coli isolates from distinct diseased organs of 29 broiler chickens with clinical symptoms of colibacillosis in the Southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Thirty-eight isolates were highly virulent and 14 were virtually avirulent in 1-day-old chicks, yet all isolates harbored virulence factors characteristic of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), including those related to adhesion, iron acquisition, and serum resistance. E. coli reference collection phylogenetic typing showed that isolates belonged mostly to group D (39%), followed by group A (29%), group B1 (17%), and group B2 (15%). Phylogenetic analyses using the Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis and pulse-field gel electrophoresis methods were used to discriminate among isolates displaying the same serotype, revealing that five birds were infected with two distinct APEC strains. Among the 52 avian isolates, 2 were members of the pandemic E. coli O25:H4-B2-ST131 clone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle Lima Barbieri
- 1 Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hiki M, Usui M, Akiyama T, Kawanishi M, Tsuyuki M, Imamura S, Sekiguchi H, Kojima A, Asai T. Phylogenetic grouping, epidemiological typing, analysis of virulence genes, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolated from healthy broilers in Japan. Ir Vet J 2014; 67:14. [PMID: 25061511 PMCID: PMC4110063 DOI: 10.1186/2046-0481-67-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to investigate the possible etiology of avian colibacillosis by examining Escherichia coli isolates from fecal samples of healthy broilers. FINDINGS Seventy-eight E. coli isolates from fecal samples of healthy broilers in Japan were subjected to analysis of phylogenetic background, virulence-associated gene profiling, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), and antimicrobial resistance profiling. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that 35 of the 78 isolates belonged to group A, 28 to group B1, one to group B2, and 14 to group D. Virulence-associated genes iutA, iss, cvaC, tsh, iroN, ompT, and hlyF were found in 23 isolates (29.5%), 16 isolates (20.5%), nine isolates (11.5%), five isolates (6.4%), 19 isolates (24.4%), 23 isolates (29.5%), and 22 isolates (28.2%) respectively. Although the genetic diversity of group D isolates was revealed by MLST, the group D isolates harbored iutA (10 isolates, 71.4%), iss (6 isolates, 42.9%), cvaC (5 isolates, 35.7%), tsh (3 isolates, 21.4%), hlyF (9 isolates, 64.3%), iroN (7 isolates, 50.0%), and ompT (9 isolates, 64.3%). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that E. coli isolates inhabiting the intestines of healthy broilers pose a potential risk of causing avian colibacillosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mototaka Hiki
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Masaru Usui
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Akiyama
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Michiko Kawanishi
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Mai Tsuyuki
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan ; Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-2-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8950, Japan
| | - Saiki Imamura
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan ; Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-2-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8950, Japan
| | - Hideto Sekiguchi
- Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-2-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8950, Japan
| | - Akemi Kojima
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Asai
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu-shi, Gifu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hussein AHM, Ghanem IAI, Eid AAM, Ali MA, Sherwood JS, Li G, Nolan LK, Logue CM. Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chicken flocks in Egypt. Avian Dis 2013; 57:602-11. [PMID: 24283125 DOI: 10.1637/10503-012513-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) infection is responsible for great economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide and there is increasing evidence of its zoonotic importance. In this study, 219 E. coli isolates from 84 poultry flocks in Egypt, including 153 APEC, 30 avian fecal E. coli (AFEC), and 36 environmental E. coli, were subjected to phylogenetic grouping and virulence genotyping. Additionally, 50 of these isolates (30 APEC from colisepticemia and 20 AFEC) were subjected to a more-extensive characterization which included serogrouping, antimicrobial susceptibility analysis, screening for seven intestinal E. coli virulence genes (stx1, stx2, eae, espP, KatP, hlyA, and fliCh7), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and in vivo virulence testing. More than 90% of the total APEC examined possessed iroN, ompT, hlyF, iss, and iutA, indicating that Egyptian APECs, like their counterparts from the United States, harbor plasmid pathogenicity islands (PAIs). The majority of APEC and AFEC were of phylogenetic groups A, B1, and D. For the 50-isolate subgroup, more than 70% of APEC and 80% ofAFEC were multidrug resistant. Among the subgroup of APEC, MLST analysis identified 11 sequence types (ST) while seven STs were found among AFEC. Based on PFGE, the genetic relatedness of APEC and AFEC ranged from 50%-100% and clustered into four primary groups at 50% similarity. Two of the eight APEC strains tested in chickens were able to induce 25% mortality in 1-day-old chicks. APECs were distinguished from AFECs and environmental E. coli by their content of plasmid PAI genes, whereas APEC isolated from colisepticemia and AFEC were not distinguishable based on their antimicrobial resistance patterns, as both groups were multidrug resistant. Avian E. coli strains from broiler flocks in Egypt show similar sequence types to E. coli associated with human infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf H M Hussein
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Barbieri NL, de Oliveira AL, Tejkowski TM, Pavanelo DB, Rocha DA, Matter LB, Callegari-Jacques SM, de Brito BG, Horn F. Genotypes and pathogenicity of cellulitis isolates reveal traits that modulate APEC virulence. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72322. [PMID: 23977279 PMCID: PMC3747128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized 144 Escherichia coli isolates from severe cellulitis lesions in broiler chickens from South Brazil. Analysis of susceptibility to 15 antimicrobials revealed frequencies of resistance of less than 30% for most antimicrobials except tetracycline (70%) and sulphonamides (60%). The genotyping of 34 virulence-associated genes revealed that all the isolates harbored virulence factors related to adhesion, iron acquisition and serum resistance, which are characteristic of the avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) pathotype. ColV plasmid-associated genes (cvi/cva, iroN, iss, iucD, sitD, traT, tsh) were especially frequent among the isolates (from 66.6% to 89.6%). According to the Clermont method of ECOR phylogenetic typing, isolates belonged to group D (47.2%), to group A (27.8%), to group B2 (17.4%) and to group B1 (7.6%); the group B2 isolates contained the highest number of virulence-associated genes. Clonal relationship analysis using the ARDRA method revealed a similarity level of 57% or higher among isolates, but no endemic clone. The virulence of the isolates was confirmed in vivo in one-day-old chicks. Most isolates (72.9%) killed all infected chicks within 7 days, and 65 isolates (38.1%) killed most of them within 24 hours. In order to analyze differences in virulence among the APEC isolates, we created a pathogenicity score by combining the times of death with the clinical symptoms noted. By looking for significant associations between the presence of virulence-associated genes and the pathogenicity score, we found that the presence of genes for invasins ibeA and gimB and for group II capsule KpsMTII increased virulence, while the presence of pic decreased virulence. The fact that ibeA, gimB and KpsMTII are characteristic of neonatal meningitis E. coli (NMEC) suggests that genes of NMEC in APEC increase virulence of strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle Lima Barbieri
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aline Luísa de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thiago Moreira Tejkowski
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniel Brisotto Pavanelo
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Débora Assumpção Rocha
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Letícia Beatriz Matter
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Santo Ângelo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabiana Horn
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kawanishi M, Ozawa M, Hiki M, Abo H, Kojima A, Asai T. Detection of aac(6')-Ib-cr in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 75:1539-42. [PMID: 23856759 PMCID: PMC3942989 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in
avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains in Japan. A total of 117
APEC strains collected between 2004 and 2007 were examined for PMQR genes (qnrA,
qnrB, qnrC, qnrD, qnrS,
aac(6’)-Ib-cr,
qepA and oqxAB) by polymerase chain reaction. None of
the APEC strains carried qnrA, qnrB,
qnrC, qnrD, qnrS, qepA or
oqxAB, but one of the isolates was identified as an AAC (6’)-Ib-cr producer.
Phylogenetic grouping, multi-locus sequence typing and serotyping showed that this isolate
belonged to phylogenetic group A, sequence type 167 and untypable serogroup. To our
knowledge, this is the first report of the aac (6’)-Ib-cr gene in
bacteria from food-producing animals in Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Kawanishi
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Corrêa IMDO, Flores F, Schneiders GH, Pereira LQ, Brito BG, Lovato M. Detecção de fatores de virulência de Escherichia coli e análise de Salmonella spp. em psitacídeos. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2013000200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A flora entérica dos psitacídeos é composta principalmente por bactérias Gram positivas. Bactérias Gram negativas, como Escherichia coli e Salmonella spp., apresentam elevado potencial patogênico, sendo consideradas indicativo de problemas de manejo, que poderão culminar em manifestação de doenças em decorrência de fatores estressantes, dietas deficientes e superlotação, combinados com alta carga bacteriana no ambiente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a presença de Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli e os fatores de virulência dos genes iss e iutA dos isolados de E. coli. Analisou-se um total de 44 amostras provenientes de psitacídeos criados em cativeiro, sendo estas 15 fragmentos de órgãos de aves submetidas a exame de necropsia e também 29 amostras de swabs de cloaca e inglúvio de papagaios-charão (Amazona pretrei) criados em cativeiro. Nenhuma amostra foi positiva para Salmonella spp. Nas amostras de E. coli detectou-se ambos os fatores de virulência pesquisados.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Benito G. Brito
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Brasil
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ozawa M, Asai T. Relationships between mutant prevention concentrations and mutation frequencies against enrofloxacin for avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 75:709-13. [PMID: 23328636 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical efficacies of mutant prevention concentration (MPC) and mutant selection window (MSW) hypotheses have been evaluated for human clinical isolates. We tested the MSW hypothesis by evaluating the relationships between MPCs and mutation frequencies against enrofloxacin for avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates. Mutation frequencies of strains with MPC:MIC ratios of 8 to 16 were significantly higher than those of strains with an MPC:MIC ratio of 4. Mutation frequencies and MPCs of serogroup O2 strains were lower than those of the other strains; these results may correlate with the absence of fluoroquinolone-resistant O2 strains. Our results support the MSW hypothesis that the range of the MSW is involved in selection of resistant mutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manao Ozawa
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Circella E, Pennelli D, Tagliabue S, Camarda A. Virulence-associated genes in avian pathogenicEscherichia colifrom laying hens in Apulia, southern Italy. Br Poult Sci 2012; 53:465-70. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2012.711904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Circella
- a Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Zootecnia, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria , Università degli Studi di Bari
| | - D. Pennelli
- b Veterinary Practitioner , Taranto Area , Italy
| | - S. Tagliabue
- c Istituto Zooprofilattico della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna , Sezione di Brescia , Italia
| | - A. Camarda
- a Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Zootecnia, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria , Università degli Studi di Bari
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
To examine the genetic background of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) that affects virulence of this microorganism, we characterized the virulence genes of 101 APEC strains isolated from infected chickens between 1985~2005. Serotypes were determined with available anti-sera and median lethal doses were determined in subcutaneously inoculated chicks. The virulence genes we tested included ones encoding type 1 fimbriae (fimC), iron uptake-related (iroN, irp2, iucD, and fyuA), toxins (lt, st, stx1, stx2, and vat), and other factors (tsh, hlyF, ompT, and iss). Twenty-eight strains were found to be O1 (2.0%), O18 (3.0%), O20 (1.0%), O78 (19.8%), and O115 (2.0%) serotypes. The iroN (100%) gene was observed most frequently followed by ompT (94.1%), fimC (90.1%), hlyF (87.1%), iss (78.2%), iucD (73.3%), tsh (61.4%), fyuA (44.6%), and irp2 (43.6%). The strains were negative for all toxin genes except for vat (10.9%). All the strains were classified into 27 molecular pathotypes (MPs). The MP25, MP19, and MP10 pathotypes possessing iroN-fimC-ompT-hlyF-iucD-tsh-iss-irp2-fyuA (22.8%), iroN-fimC-ompT-hlyF-iucD-tsh-iss (21.8%), and iroN-fimC-ompT-hlyF-iss (11.9%) genotypes, respectively, were predominant. Redundancy of iron uptake-related genes was clearly observed and some strains were associated with higher mortality than others. Therefore, strains with the predominant genotypes can be used for diagnosis and vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Wun Jeong
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nagano T, Kitahara R, Nagai S. An attenuated mutant of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli serovar O78: a possible live vaccine strain for prevention of avian colibacillosis. Microbiol Immunol 2012; 56:605-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2012.00482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
25
|
Barbieri NL, Tejkowski TM, de Oliveira AL, de Brito BG, Horn F. Characterization of extraintestinal Escherichia coli isolated from a peacock (Pavo cristatus) with colisepticemia. Avian Dis 2012; 56:436-40. [PMID: 22856209 DOI: 10.1637/9921-090811-case.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Extraintestinal infections by avian pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli (APEC) are commonly reported in poultry, but there is little information on infections by APEC in other bird species. Here we report on the characterization of extraintestinal E. coli isolated from a domesticated peacock, from the south of Brazil, that died of colisepticemia. Necropsy examination revealed congested liver, hypertrophied kidneys, peritonitis, severe typhlitis suggestive of coligranuloma, pneumonia, and airsacculitis--typical signs of colisepticemia. The isolates from lungs, kidney, heart, intestine, liver, and bone marrow all harbored the same virulence-associated factors (iucD, colV, iss, mat, fimC, ompA, traT crl, csgA vgrG, and hcp), yielded the same band pattern in amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis, and were allocated to the Escherichia coli Reference Collection group B1. The isolates were resistant to bacitracin, trimethoprim, and tetracycline, but displayed slight differences in their resistance to other antimicrobials. The isolates also differed in their virulence in 1-day-old chickens, but none displayed high virulence in vivo. We conclude that the peacock died of colisepticemia after it was infected with an extraintestinal E. coli strain of low virulence that nevertheless harbored virulence factors generally associated with APEC. This study represents the first characterization of an APEC isolated from a nonpoultry bird species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle Lima Barbieri
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, P.O. Box 15005, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Barros MR, Silveira WDD, Araújo JMD, Costa EP, Oliveira AADF, Santos APDS, Silva VAS, Mota RA. Resistência antimicrobiana e perfil plasmidial de Escherichia coli isolada de frangos de corte e poedeiras comerciais no Estado de Pernambuco. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2012000500008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Embora existam linhagens de Escherichia coli não patogênicas para aves, muitas outras possuem a capacidade de causar sérios danos à saúde das mesmas, sendo capazes de ocasionar diferentes tipos de processos infecciosos. As linhagens patogênicas são denominadas Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), possuindo genes relacionados ao processo de patogênese em epissomos (plasmídios) ou no cromossomo. A presença de plasmídios, contendo genes de resistência a antibióticos em linhagens aviárias, patogênicas ou não, indicam a possibilidade de transferência gênica lateral entre diferentes tipos de linhagens facilitando também a transferência de genes de patogenicidade ou virulência. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o perfil de sensibilidade a antibióticos (13) de diferentes amostras (35) de E. coli isoladas de aves comerciais do Estado de Pernambuco apresentando, ou não, sinais clínicos de processos infecciosos e correlacionar esta resistência com a presença de plasmídios. Os testes utilizados demonstraram que 94,28% dos isolados foram resistentes a três ou mais antibióticos, com a lincomicina apresentando o maior percentual de resistência (100%). Na Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) observou-se multirresistência a vários antimicrobianos. A presença de plasmídios foi detecada em 80,0% (28/35) dos isolados, com 16 isolados apresentando plasmídios com peso molecular aproximado de 88 MDa. Também foi verificada a presença de linhagens apresentando plasmídios de vários tamanhos. Concluiu-se que isolados de E. coli resistentes a antimicrobianos utilizados na avicultura estão presentes no Estado de Pernambuco, tanto em frangos de corte quanto em poedeiras comerciais. A presença de plasmídios detectados na maioria dos isolados pode estar associada à resistência aos antimicrobianos e sugere a presença de possíveis genes relacionados à patogenicidade. Monitorar a resistência a antibióticos em bactérias isoladas de animais torna-se um fator determinante para eleição e êxito do tratamento, bem como a possibilidade de eliminação daquelas que possuem plasmídios para se evitar a transferência de genes relacionados à patogenicidade.
Collapse
|
27
|
Marchese A, Coppo E, Barbieri R, Zoppi S, Pruzzo C, Rossi F, Bergagna S, Dondo A, Debbia E. Characterization of Fluoroquinolone-ResistantEscherichia coliCausing Septicemic Colibacillosis in Calves in Italy: Emergence of a Multiresistant O78 Clonal Group. Microb Drug Resist 2012; 18:94-9. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2011.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marchese
- Microbiology Section (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Erika Coppo
- Microbiology Section (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ramona Barbieri
- Microbiology Section (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simona Zoppi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZS PLVA), Turin, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Rossi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZS PLVA), Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Bergagna
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZS PLVA), Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dondo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZS PLVA), Turin, Italy
| | - Eugenio Debbia
- Microbiology Section (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Oh JY, Kang MS, Kim JM, An BK, Song EA, Kim JY, Shin EG, Kim MJ, Kwon JH, Kwon YK. Characterization of Escherichia coli isolates from laying hens with colibacillosis on 2 commercial egg-producing farms in Korea. Poult Sci 2011; 90:1948-54. [PMID: 21844259 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports on layer chickens with colibacillosis in 2 commercial egg-producing farms (referred to as farm A and farm B, which were managed by the same owner and were about 1 km apart) in the middle region of the Korean peninsula. The 2 flocks were infected at the initiation of egg laying. They were characterized by no previous clinical signs but sudden mortality (2.7-4.0%), with severe lesions of septicemia and fibrinous polyserositis. Escherichia coli was isolated from the lesions of the infected birds. Serotyping tests identified isolates that belonged to somatic groups O1 (12/17), O46 (2/17), O78 (1/17), and O84 (1/17) or that were unidentified (1/17). Thirteen of 17 E. coli isolates (76.4%) obtained from 11 birds in the 2 flocks showed similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns that were arbitrarily designated as pattern A. The isolates had high frequencies of putative virulence genes including 100% [fimC (type 1 fimbriae), iucD (aerobactin synthesis), and iss (increased serum survival)], 94.1% [cva/cvi (structural genes of colicin V operon) and vat (vacuolating autotransporter toxin)], 88.2% [irp2, iron-repressible protein (yersinia bactin) synthesis, and fyuA, ferric yersinia uptake], and 82.3% [tsh (temperature-sensitive hemagglutinin)]; astA (encoding a heat-stable cytotoxin associated with enteroaggregative E. coli) was not associated with the enteric disorder. These data suggest that all chickens with colibacillosis on farms A and B were likely infected by E. coli strains that are highly pathogenic in avian species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Y Oh
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Kyunggi 430-824, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Johnson TJ, Logue CM, Johnson JR, Kuskowski MA, Sherwood JS, Barnes HJ, DebRoy C, Wannemuehler YM, Obata-Yasuoka M, Spanjaard L, Nolan LK. Associations between multidrug resistance, plasmid content, and virulence potential among extraintestinal pathogenic and commensal Escherichia coli from humans and poultry. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2011; 9:37-46. [PMID: 21988401 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2011.0961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of plasmid-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) among enteric bacteria presents a serious challenge to the treatment of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Recent studies suggest that avian Escherichia coli commonly possess the ability to resist multiple antimicrobial agents, and might serve as reservoirs of MDR for human extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) and commensal E. coli populations. We determined antimicrobial susceptibility profiles for 2202 human and avian E. coli isolates, then sought for associations among resistance profile, plasmid content, virulence factor profile, and phylogenetic group. Avian-source isolates harbored greater proportions of MDR than their human counterparts, and avian ExPEC had higher proportions of MDR than did avian commensal E. coli. MDR was significantly associated with possession of the IncA/C, IncP1-α, IncF, and IncI1 plasmid types. Overall, inferred virulence potential did not correlate with drug susceptibility phenotype. However, certain virulence genes were positively associated with MDR, including ireA, ibeA, fyuA, cvaC, iss, iutA, iha, and afa. According to the total dataset, isolates segregated significantly according to host species and clinical status, thus suggesting that avian and human ExPEC and commensal E. coli represent four distinct populations with limited overlap. These findings suggest that in extraintestinal E. coli, MDR is most commonly associated with plasmids, and that these plasmids are frequently found among avian-source E. coli from poultry production systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang Y, Tang C, Yu X, Xia M, Yue H. Distribution of serotypes and virulence-associated genes in pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from ducks. Avian Pathol 2010; 39:297-302. [PMID: 20706886 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2010.495742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the serotypes and virulence-associated genes of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolated from duck colibacillosis cases. Two hundred and fifty-four APEC isolates from duck colibacillosis cases were serotyped and amplified for 12 known virulence-associated genes and the betA gene (encoding choline dehydrogenase) by polymerase chain reaction assays. One hundred and forty-three E. coli isolates from cloacal swabs of healthy ducks were also amplified for the same genes. A total of 53 O-serogroups were found in 254 APEC isolates, among which O93, O78 and O92 were predominant serogroups. Polymerase chain reaction results showed that Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli distributed in only 2.4% of ducks compared with 49.2% of the APEC isolates harbouring the irp2 gene, and 44.9% the fyuA gene, respectively. The ibeA gene was only present in 27 APEC isolates and was not found in healthy ducks. The rfaH gene was detected in 20.5% of APEC isolates, whereas 5.6% was found in healthy ducks. A total 79.5% of APEC isolates harboured the betA gene, which was significantly higher than in healthy ducks (16.1%), suggesting that betA may be associated with virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ozawa M, Baba K, Shimizu Y, Asai T. Comparison of in vitro activities and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics estimations of veterinary fluoroquinolones against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates. Microb Drug Resist 2010; 16:327-32. [PMID: 20624095 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2010.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed in vitro activities and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) parameters of veterinary fluoroquinolones against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains from cases of avian colibacillosis. The median of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC(50)) values against APEC strains for enrofloxacin (ERFX) and danofloxacin (DNFX) were 0.25 μg/ml and for norfloxacin (NFLX) and ofloxacin (OFLX) were 0.5 μg/ml. The percentage of resistant strains for ERFX, DNFX, NFLX, and OFLX were 24.4%, 23.6%, 22.8%, and 23.6%, respectively. Scattergrams of the MICs of ERFX compared to DNFX, NFLX, and OFLX for 127 strains demonstrate a clear correlation between the MIC of ERFX and that of other fluoroquinolones. The differences in amino acid substitution in GyrA may play a role in the variation of MIC values for fluoroquinolones. The ratios of peak serum concentration to MIC (C(max):MIC) and ratios of area under the curve to MIC (AUC:MIC) were relatively high in ERFX and OFLX compared to other fluoroquinolones. These results indicate that although the in vitro activities of these fluoroquinolones against APEC isolates are slightly different, the PK/PD values vary with PK parameters. Therefore, we need to consider the PK/PD parameters in the choice of fluoroquinolones during treatment of avian colibacillosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manao Ozawa
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Role of antimicrobial selective pressure and secondary factors on antimicrobial resistance prevalence in Escherichia coli from food-producing animals in Japan. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:180682. [PMID: 20589071 PMCID: PMC2879543 DOI: 10.1155/2010/180682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of antimicrobial agents in the veterinary field affects the emergence, prevalence, and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from food-producing animals. To control the emergence, prevalence, and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance, it is necessary to implement appropriate actions based on scientific evidence. In Japan, the Japanese Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (JVARM) was established in 1999 to monitor the antimicrobial susceptibility of foodborne and commensal bacteria from food-producing animals. The JVARM showed that the emergence and prevalence of resistant Escherichia coli were likely linked to the therapeutic antimicrobial use in food-producing animals through not only direct selection of the corresponding resistance but also indirect selections via cross-resistance and coresistance. In addition, relevant factors such as host animals and bacterial properties might affect the occurrence and prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli under the selective pressure from antimicrobial usage. This paper reviews the trends in antimicrobial resistance in E. coli and consumption of antimicrobials agents in Japan and introduces the relationship between antimicrobial usage and prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, from food-producing animals under the JVARM program. In this paper, we will provide the underlying information about the significant factors that can help control antimicrobial resistance in bacteria in veterinary medicine.
Collapse
|
33
|
Abreu DLDC, Franco RM, Nascimento ERD, Pereira VLDA, Alves FMX, Almeida JFD. Perfil de sensibilidade antimicrobiana e detecção do gene ISS pela reação em cadeia da polimerase na tipificação de Escherichia coli patogênica em codornas de corte sob inspeção sanitária. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2010000500006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A patogenicidade das cepas de Escherichia coli está relacionada à expressão de fatores de virulência encontrados em elementos genéticos denominados plasmídios. O patotipo APEC, responsável por diferentes tipos de doenças em aves, pode apresentar o gene iss que aumenta a resistência das cepas de E. coli aos efeitos líticos do soro, além da resistência a diversos antimicrobianos. Este estudo foi conduzido para detectar E. coli em traquéias de codornas destinadas ao abate e avaliar, pela presença do gene iss e o perfil de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana, o potencial patogênico para aves e humanos dos isolados obtidos. Foram coletadas 180 traquéias de codornas para detecção de E. coli, determinação do perfil de resistência a agentes antimicrobianos e posterior detecção, por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), do gene iss. Das traquéias analisadas, 8,9 % (16/180) foram positivas para E. coli, sendo obtidos 20 isolados deste agente. A maioria dos isolados foi resistente à Tetraciclina (16/20), seguida pela Ceftazidima (13/20) e Ácido Nalidíxico (12/20), sendo apenas um resistente à Amoxicilina. A detecção do gene iss ocorreu em 55% (11/20) dos isolados. A presença do gene iss e a resistência a múltiplos antimicrobianos dos isolados obtidos neste estudo pode indicar um possível potencial patogênico das cepas de E. coli tanto para codornas quanto para outros tipos de aves e animais e mesmo para o ser humano que fique em contato com as mesmas.
Collapse
|
34
|
OZAWA M, BABA K, ASAI T. Molecular Typing of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli O78 Strains in Japan by Using Multilocus Sequence Typing and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 72:1517-20. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manao OZAWA
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
| | - Kotaro BABA
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
| | - Tetsuo ASAI
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kojima A, Asai T, Ishihara K, Morioka A, Akimoto K, Sugimoto Y, Sato T, Tamura Y, Takahashi T. National monitoring for antimicrobial resistance among indicator bacteria isolated from food-producing animals in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71:1301-8. [PMID: 19887735 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.001301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 2,205 isolates of Escherichia coli and 1,181 isolates of Enterococcus faecalis (n=610) and E. faecium (n=571) from apparently healthy cattle, pigs and broiler and layer chickens collected from 2000 to 2003 were examined using an agar dilution method. Overall, the isolates from cattle and layer chickens showed a lower incidence of resistance to almost all antimicrobials studied compared with those from pigs and broiler chickens. Fluoroquinolone resistance was found at a low level in isolates of E. coli from four animal species and in E. faecalis from pigs and broiler and layer chickens. Resistance to cephalosporin was identified in isolates of E. coli from broiler chickens in 2000-2002 and from four animal species in 2003. Incidence of antimicrobial resistance in the bacteria did not vary from year to year during the investigation period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akemi Kojima
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ozawa M, Asai T, Sameshima T. Mutations in GyrA and ParC in fluoroquinolone-resistant Mannheimia haemolytica isolates from cattle in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71:493-4. [PMID: 19420855 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.71.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine isolates of Mannheimia haemolytica, comprising an enrofloxacin (ERFX)-resistant isolate, five nalidixic acid-resistant isolates and three susceptible isolates, from diseased cattle were subjected to sequence analysis of the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of the gyrA and parC genes. An ERFX-resistant isolate was shown to have two amino acid substitutions in GyrA (S83F and D87G) and one substitution in ParC (S80I). Three mutations in the QRDRs of GyrA were found in the NA-resistant isolates: S83Y in two isolates, S83F in two isolates and D87G in one isolate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manao Ozawa
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|