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Landes RD, Li C, Sridharan V, Bergom C, Boerma M. A pooled analysis of nine studies in one institution to assess effects of whole heart irradiation in rat models. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 100:28-36. [PMID: 37603396 PMCID: PMC10843572 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2242937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Over the years, animal models of local heart irradiation have provided insight into mechanisms of and treatments for radiation-induced heart disease in human populations. However, it is not completely clear which manifestations of radiation injury are most commonly seen after whole heart irradiation, and whether certain biological factors impact experimental results. Combining 9 homogeneous studies in rat models of whole heart irradiation from one laboratory, we sought to identify experimental and/or biological factors that impact heart outcomes. We evaluated the usefulness of including (1) heart rate and (2) bodyweight as covariates when analyzing biological parameters, and (3) we determined which echocardiography, histological, and immunohistochemistry parameters are most susceptible to radiation effects. Finally, (4) as an educational example, we illustrate a hypothetical sample size calculation for a study design commonly used in evaluating radiation modifiers, using the pooled estimates from the 9 rat studies only for context. The results may assist investigators in the design and analyses of pre-clinical studies of whole heart irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We made use of data from 9 rat studies from our labs, 8 published elsewhere in 2008-2017, and one unpublished study. Echocardiography, histological, and immunohistochemical parameters were collected from these studies. Using mixed effects analysis of covariance models, we estimated slopes for heart rate and bodyweight and estimated the radiation effect on each of the parameters. RESULTS Bodyweight was related to most echocardiography parameters, and heart rate had an effect on echocardiography parameters related to the diameter of the left ventricle. For some parameters, there was evidence that heart rate and bodyweight relationships with the parameter depended on whether the rats were irradiated. Radiation effects were found in systolic measures of echocardiography parameters related to the diameter of the left ventricle, with ejection fraction and fractional shortening, with atrial wall thickness, and with histological measures of capillary density, collagen deposition, and mast cells infiltration in the heart. CONCLUSION Accounting for bodyweight, as well as heart rate, in analyses of echocardiography parameters should reduce variability in estimated radiation effects. Several echocardiography and histological parameters were particularly susceptible to whole heart irradiation, showing robust effects compared to sham-irradiation. Lastly, we provide an example approach for a sample size calculation that will contribute to a rigorous study design and reproducibility in experiments studying radiation modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reid D. Landes
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Little Rock, AR; USA
| | - Chenghui Li
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Little Rock, AR; USA
| | - Vijayalakshmi Sridharan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Little Rock, AR; USA
| | - Carmen Bergom
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO; USA
| | - Marjan Boerma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Little Rock, AR; USA
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2
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Nemec-Bakk AS, Sridharan V, Seawright JW, Nelson GA, Cao M, Singh P, Cheema AK, Singh B, Li Y, Koturbash I, Miousse IR, Ewing LE, Skinner CM, Landes RD, Lowery JD, Mao XW, Singh SP, Boerma M. Effects of proton and oxygen ion irradiation on cardiovascular function and structure in a rabbit model. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2023; 37:78-87. [PMID: 37087182 PMCID: PMC10122719 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Astronauts on missions beyond low Earth orbit will be exposed to galactic cosmic radiation, and there is concern about potential adverse cardiovascular effects. Most of the research to identify cardiovascular risk of space radiation has been performed in rodent models. To aid in the translation of research results to humans, the current study identified long-term effects of high-energy charged particle irradiation on cardiovascular function and structure in a larger non-rodent animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS At the age of 12 months, male New Zealand white rabbits were exposed to whole-body protons (250 MeV) or oxygen ions (16O, 600 MeV/n) at a dose of 0 or 0.5 Gy and were followed for 12 months after irradiation. Ultrasonography was used to measure in vivo cardiac function and blood flow parameters at 10- and 12-months post-irradiation. At 12 months after irradiation, blood cell counts and blood chemistry values were assessed, and cardiac tissue and aorta were collected for histological as well as molecular and biochemical analyses. Plasma was used for metabolomic analysis and to quantify common markers of cardiac injury. RESULTS A small but significant decrease in the percentage of circulating lymphocytes and an increase in neutrophil percentage was seen 12 months after 0.5 Gy protons, while 16O exposure resulted in an increase in monocyte percentage. Markers of cardiac injury, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and N-Terminal pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide were modestly increased in the proton group, and cTnI was also increased after 16O. On the other hand, metabolomics on plasma at 12 months revealed no changes. Both types of irradiation demonstrated alterations in cardiac mitochondrial morphology and an increase in left ventricular protein levels of inflammatory cell marker CD68. However, changes in cardiac function were only mild. CONCLUSION Low dose charged particle irradiation caused mild long-term changes in inflammatory markers, cardiac function, and structure in the rabbit heart, in line with previous studies in mouse and rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S Nemec-Bakk
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Vijayalakshmi Sridharan
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Gregory A Nelson
- Departments of Basic Sciences and Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Maohua Cao
- College of Dentistry, Texas A&M, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Amrita K Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bhaldev Singh
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yaoxiang Li
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Igor Koturbash
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Isabelle R Miousse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Laura E Ewing
- Natural State Laboratories and Natural State Genomics, North Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Charles M Skinner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Reid D Landes
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - John D Lowery
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Xiao-Wen Mao
- Departments of Basic Sciences and Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Sharda P Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Marjan Boerma
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Dugbartey GJ, Wonje QL, Alornyo KK, Robertson L, Adams I, Boima V, Mensah SD. Combination Therapy of Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Gliclazide and Ramipril Protects Against Development of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via Inhibition of TGF-β/Smad Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:850542. [PMID: 35401218 PMCID: PMC8988231 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.850542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major long-term complication of diabetes mellitus, accounting for over 20% of annual mortality rate of diabetic patients globally. Although several existing anti-diabetic drugs have improved glycemic status in diabetic patients, prevalence of DCM is still high. This study investigates cardiac effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation of anti-diabetic therapy in experimental DCM. Methods: Following 12 h of overnight fasting, 44 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to two groups of healthy control (n = 7) and diabetic (n = 37) groups, and fasting blood glucose was measured. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced in diabetic group by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of nicotinamide (110 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). After confirmation of T2DM on day 3, diabetic rats received monotherapies with ALA (60 mg/kg; n = 7), gliclazide (15 mg/kg; n = 7), ramipril (10 mg/kg; n = 7) or combination of the three drugs (n = 7) for 6 weeks while untreated diabetic rats received distilled water and were used as diabetic control (n = 9). Rats were then sacrificed, and blood, pancreas and heart tissues were harvested for analyses using standard methods. Results: T2DM induction caused pancreatic islet destruction, hyperglycemia, weight loss, high relative heart weight, and development of DCM, which was characterized by myocardial degeneration and vacuolation, cardiac fibrosis, elevated cardiac damage markers (plasma and cardiac creatine kinase-myocardial band, brain natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponin I). Triple combination therapy of ALA, gliclazide and ramipril preserved islet structure, maintained body weight and blood glucose level, and prevented DCM development compared to diabetic control (p < 0.001). In addition, the combination therapy markedly reduced plasma levels of inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), plasma and cardiac tissue malondialdehyde, triglycerides and total cholesterol while significantly increasing cardiac glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol compared to diabetic control (p < 0.001). Mechanistically, induction of T2DM upregulated cardiac expression of TGF-β1, phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad3 proteins, which were downregulated following triple combination therapy (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Triple combination therapy of ALA, gliclazide and ramipril prevented DCM development by inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad pathway. Our findings can be extrapolated to the human heart, which would provide effective additional pharmacological therapy against DCM in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Dugbartey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Quinsker L Wonje
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Karl K Alornyo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Louis Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ismaila Adams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Vincent Boima
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel D Mensah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Wu Y, Liu L, Lv S, Wang Y, Wang S, Wang S, Zhang J, Wang J. Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate Might Mitigate Radiation-Induced Heart Damage at an Early Stage in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:832045. [PMID: 35392554 PMCID: PMC8981468 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.832045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Radiation-induced heart damage (RIHD) is becoming an increasing concern due to offsetting clinical benefits of radiotherapy to a certain extent. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) as an antioxidant has been implicated in cardioprotective effects. We aimed to investigate whether pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate could attenuate heart damage at an early stage post-irradiation and unveil the potential mechanisms. Methods: A total of 15 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into the control, irradiation (IR), and PDTC plus irradiation (PDTC + IR) groups. Hearts were irradiated with a single fraction of 20.0 Gy. Rats received daily intraperitoneal injection of PDTC for 14 days. At the 14th day post-irradiation, echocardiography was performed, and rats were killed. Morphological damage was examined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stain and Masson's trichrome stain. The collagen volume fraction (CVF) was applied for semi-quantitative analysis. The protein levels were analyzed by Western blot and mRNA levels by quantitative real-time PCR. Results: No significant damage to systolic function of left ventricular was induced at an early stage post-irradiation. HE staining of cardiac tissue showed that the disordered arrangement of myocardial cells and abnormal cell infiltration were alleviated in the PDTC + IR group. The increased CVF in the irradiation group was inhibited in the PDTC + IR group (22.05 ± 2.64% vs. 9.99 ± 1.65%, p < 0.05). The protein levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and COL-1 were downregulated after treatment with PDTC (p < 0.05), and there was a declining trend in the protein of the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). The mRNA expression of NF-κB and HIF-1α in the PDTC plus irradiation group was lower than that in the irradiation group (p < 0.05), and there was a declining trend in the mRNA expression of the connective tissue growth factor and COL-1. Conclusion: PDTC alleviates myocardial cell disordered arrangement, abnormal cell infiltration, and pro-fibrotic change at an early stage in rats with radiation-induced heart damage. Such a protective effect is closely associated with the downregulation of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shengliang Lv
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Boerma M, Sridharan V, Krager KJ, Pawar SA. Small animal models of localized heart irradiation. Methods Cell Biol 2022; 168:221-234. [PMID: 35366984 PMCID: PMC9642084 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A subset of cancer patients treated with radiation therapy may experience radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) that develops within weeks to several years after cancer treatment. Rodent models are most commonly used to examine the biological effects of local X-rays in the heart and test potential strategies to reduce RIHD. While developments in technology over the last decades have changed the procedures for local heart irradiation in animal models, the X-ray settings and radiation doses have remained quite consistent in time and between different research laboratories. This chapter provides a protocol for whole heart irradiation in rodent models, using an X-ray machine with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) capabilities. Some methods for the quantification of common histological changes after whole heart irradiation in the rodent are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Boerma
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, Little Rock, AR, United States.
| | - Vijayalakshmi Sridharan
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, 4301 West Markham, Slot 522-10, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Kimberly J. Krager
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, 4301 West Markham, Slot 522-10, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Snehalata A. Pawar
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Department of Radiation Oncology, 505 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
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Xu P, Yi Y, Luo Y, Liu Z, Xu Y, Cai J, Zeng Z, Liu A. Radiation‑induced dysfunction of energy metabolism in the heart results in the fibrosis of cardiac tissues. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:842. [PMID: 34633055 PMCID: PMC8524410 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic radiotherapy increases the risk of radiation‑induced heart damage (RIHD); however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes are not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of radiation on the mouse heart using high‑throughput proteomics. Male C57BL/6J mice were used to establish a model of RIHD by exposing the entire heart to 16 Gy high‑energy X‑rays, and cardiac injuries were verified using a cardiac echocardiogram, as well as by measuring serum brain natriuretic peptide levels and conducting H&E and Masson staining 5 months after irradiation. Proteomics experiments were performed using the heart apex of 5‑month irradiated mice and control mice that underwent sham‑irradiation. The most significantly differentially expressed proteins were enriched in 'cardiac fibrosis' and 'energy metabolism'. Next, the cardiac fibrosis and changes to energy metabolism were confirmed using immunohistochemistry staining and western blotting. Extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen type 1 α 1 chain, collagen type III α 1 chain, vimentin and CCCTC‑binding factor, along with metabolism‑related proteins, such as fatty acid synthase and solute carrier family 25 member 1, exhibited upregulated expression following exposure to ionizing radiation. Additionally, the myocardial mitochondria inner membranes were injured, along with a decrease in ATP levels and the accumulation of lactic acid in the irradiated heart tissues. These results suggest that the high doses of ionizing radiation used lead to structural remodeling, functional injury and fibrotic alterations in the mouse heart. Radiation‑induced mitochondrial damage and metabolic alterations of the cardiac tissue may thus be a pathogenic mechanism of RIHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yali Yi
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yijing Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Clinical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P.R. China
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Clinical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P.R. China
| | - Yilin Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Anwen Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Sridharan V, Johnson KA, Landes RD, Cao M, Singh P, Wagoner G, Hayar A, Sprick ED, Eveld KA, Bhattacharyya A, Krager KJ, Aykin-Burns N, Weiler H, Fernández JA, Griffin JH, Boerma M. Sex-dependent effects of genetic upregulation of activated protein C on delayed effects of acute radiation exposure in the mouse heart, small intestine, and skin. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252142. [PMID: 34029348 PMCID: PMC8143413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Accidental exposure to ionizing radiation may lead to delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE) in many organ systems. Activated protein C (APC) is a known mitigator of the acute radiation syndrome. To examine the role of APC in DEARE, we used a transgenic mouse model with 2- to 3-fold increased plasma levels of APC (high in APC, APCHi). Male and female APCHi mice and wild-type littermates were exposed to 9.5 Gy γ-rays with their hind-legs (bone marrow) shielded from radiation to allow long-term survival. At 3 and 6 months after irradiation, cardiac function was measured with ultrasonography. At 3 months, radiation increased cardiac dimensions in APCHi males, while decreases were seen in wild-type females. At this early time point, APCHi mice of both sexes were more susceptible to radiation-induced changes in systolic function compared to wild-types. At 6 months, a decrease in systolic function was mainly seen in male mice of both genotypes. At 6 months, specimens of heart, small intestine and dorsal skin were collected for tissue analysis. Female APCHi mice showed the most severe radiation-induced deposition of cardiac collagens but were protected against a radiation-induced loss of microvascular density. Both male and female APCHi mice were protected against a radiation induced upregulation of toll-like receptor 4 in the heart, but this did not translate into a clear protection against immune cell infiltration. In the small intestine, the APCHi genotype had no effect on an increase in the number of myeloperoxidase positive cells (seen mostly in females) or an increase in the expression of T-cell marker CD2 (males). Lastly, both male and female APCHi mice were protected against radiation-induced epidermal thickening and increase in 3-nitrotyrosine positive keratinocytes. In conclusion, prolonged high levels of APC in a transgenic mouse model had little effects on indicators of DEARE in the heart, small intestine and skin, with some differential effects in male compared to female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi Sridharan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Kristin A. Johnson
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Reid D. Landes
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Maohua Cao
- College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Preeti Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Gail Wagoner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Abdallah Hayar
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Emily D. Sprick
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Kayla A. Eveld
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Anusha Bhattacharyya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Kimberly J. Krager
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Nukhet Aykin-Burns
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Hartmut Weiler
- Versiti and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Jose A. Fernández
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - John H. Griffin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Marjan Boerma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Sridharan V, Seawright JW, Landes RD, Cao M, Singh P, Davis CM, Mao XW, Singh SP, Zhang X, Nelson GA, Boerma M. Effects of single-dose protons or oxygen ions on function and structure of the cardiovascular system in male Long Evans rats. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2020; 26:62-68. [PMID: 32718688 PMCID: PMC7387753 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies are required to determine whether exposures to radiation encountered during manned missions in deep space may have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. Most of the prior studies on effects of simulated space radiation on the heart and vasculature have been performed in mouse models. To provide data from a second animal species, two studies were performed to assess effects of high-energy charged particle radiation on the heart and abdominal aorta in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS In study A, male Long Evans rats were exposed to whole-body protons (250 MeV, 0.5 Gy) or oxygen ions (16O, 600 MeV/n, 0.5 Gy), and ultrasonography was used to measure in vivo cardiac function and blood flow parameters at 3, 5, 9 and 12 months after radiation, followed by tissue collection at 12 months. In study B, male Long Evans rats were exposed to 16O (1 GeV/n, 0.01-0.25 Gy), and hearts collected at 6 to 7 and 12 months for histology and western-blots. RESULTS Both protons (250 MeV) and 16O (600 MeV/n) caused a decrease in left ventricular posterior wall thickness at 3-5 months, but did not change echocardiographic measures of cardiac function. In Pulsed-wave Doppler assessment of the abdominal aorta, an increase was seen in mean velocity, peak velocity, and velocity time integral at 12 months after 16O (600 MeV/n), suggesting a change in vascular function. There were no significant changes in histopathology or histological quantification of total collagens in heart or aorta. On the other hand, an increase was seen in a 75 kDa peptide of collagen type III in the left ventricle of rats exposed to protons (250 MeV) and 16O (600 MeV/n and 1 GeV/n), suggesting that radiation caused remodeling of existing collagens in the heart. 16O (600 MeV/n and 1 GeV/n) caused increases in left ventricular protein levels of immune cell markers CD2, CD4, CD8, and CD68. CONCLUSION A single low dose of whole body protons or 16O in male Long Evans rats did not change cardiac function or induce gross pathological changes in the heart or aorta, but induced mild changes in vascular function and remodeling of existing collagens in the heart. Altogether, studies in prior mouse models and the current work in rats indicate minor changes in cardiac function and structure after a low dose of single-ion radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi Sridharan
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Slot 522-10, Little Rock 72205, AR, USA
| | - John W Seawright
- McLennan Community College, Waco, TX, formerly at the Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Slot 522-10, Little Rock 72205, AR, USA
| | - Reid D Landes
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Slot 522-10, Little Rock 72205, AR, USA
| | - Maohua Cao
- College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX; formerly at the Division o f Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Slot 522-10, Little Rock 72205, AR, USA
| | - Preeti Singh
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Slot 522-10, Little Rock 72205, AR, USA
| | - Catherine M Davis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiao-Wen Mao
- Department of Basic Sciences and Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Sharda P Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida at Gainesville, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gregory A Nelson
- Department of Basic Sciences and Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Marjan Boerma
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Slot 522-10, Little Rock 72205, AR, USA.
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Unger K, Li Y, Yeh C, Barac A, Srichai MB, Ballew EA, Girgis M, Jayatilake M, Sridharan V, Boerma M, Cheema AK. Plasma metabolite biomarkers predictive of radiation induced cardiotoxicity. Radiother Oncol 2020; 152:133-145. [PMID: 32360032 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although advancements in cancer treatments using radiation therapy (RT) have led to improved outcomes, radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality in survivors of cancers in the chest. Currently, there are no diagnostic tests in clinical use due to a lack of understanding of the natural history and mechanisms of RIHD development. Few studies have examined the utility of using metabolomics to prospectively identify cancer survivors who are at risk of developing cardiotoxicity. METHODS We analyzed plasma and left ventricle heart tissue samples collected from a cohort of male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats that were either sham irradiated or received fractionated doses (9 Gy per day × 5 days) of targeted X-ray radiation to the heart. Metabolomic and lipidomic analyses were utilized as a correlative approach for delineation of novel biomarkers associated with radiation-induced cardiac toxicity. Additionally, we used high-resolution mass spectrometry to examine the metabolomic profiles of plasma samples obtained from patients receiving high dose thoracic RT for esophageal cancer. RESULTS Metabolic alterations in the rat model and patient plasma profiles, showed commonalities of radiation response that included steroid hormone biosynthesis and vitamin E metabolism. Alterations in patient plasma profiles were used to develop classification algorithms predictive of patients at risk of developing RIHD. CONCLUSION Herein, we report the feasibility of developing a metabolomics-based biomarker panel that is associated with adverse outcomes of cardiac function in patients who received RT for the treatment of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Unger
- Department of Radiation Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington D.C., United States
| | - Yaoxiang Li
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington D.C., United States
| | - Celine Yeh
- Department of Radiation Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington D.C., United States
| | - Ana Barac
- Department of Cardiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington D.C., United States
| | - Monvadi B Srichai
- Department of Cardiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington D.C., United States; Department of Radiology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington D.C., United States
| | - Elizabeth A Ballew
- Department of Radiation Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington D.C., United States
| | - Michael Girgis
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington D.C., United States
| | - Meth Jayatilake
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington D.C., United States
| | - Vijayalakshmi Sridharan
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States
| | - Marjan Boerma
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States
| | - Amrita K Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington D.C., United States; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington D.C., United States.
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10
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Schlaak RA, Frei A, Fish BL, Harmann L, Gasperetti T, Pipke JL, Sun Y, Rui H, Flister MJ, Gantner BN, Bergom C. Acquired Immunity Is Not Essential for Radiation-Induced Heart Dysfunction but Exerts a Complex Impact on Injury. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E983. [PMID: 32316187 PMCID: PMC7226421 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While radiation therapy (RT) can improve cancer outcomes, it can lead to radiation-induced heart dysfunction (RIHD) in patients with thoracic tumors. This study examines the role of adaptive immune cells in RIHD. In Salt-Sensitive (SS) rats, image-guided whole-heart RT increased cardiac T-cell infiltration. We analyzed the functional requirement for these cells in RIHD using a genetic model of T- and B-cell deficiency (interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain knockout (IL2RG-/-)) and observed a complex role for these cells. Surprisingly, while IL2RG deficiency conferred protection from cardiac hypertrophy, it worsened heart function via echocardiogram three months after a large single RT dose, including increased end-systolic volume (ESV) and reduced ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) (p < 0.05). Fractionated RT, however, did not yield similarly increased injury. Our results indicate that T cells are not uniformly required for RIHD in this model, nor do they account for our previously reported differences in cardiac RT sensitivity between SS and SS.BN3 rats. The increasing use of immunotherapies in conjunction with traditional cancer treatments demands better models to study the interactions between immunity and RT for effective therapy. We present a model that reveals complex roles for adaptive immune cells in cardiac injury that vary depending on clinically relevant factors, including RT dose/fractionation, sex, and genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Schlaak
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| | - Anne Frei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (A.F.); (B.L.F.); (T.G.); (J.L.P.)
| | - Brian L. Fish
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (A.F.); (B.L.F.); (T.G.); (J.L.P.)
| | - Leanne Harmann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53226, USA;
| | - Tracy Gasperetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (A.F.); (B.L.F.); (T.G.); (J.L.P.)
| | - Jamie L. Pipke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (A.F.); (B.L.F.); (T.G.); (J.L.P.)
| | - Yunguang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (Y.S.); (H.R.)
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.J.F.); (B.N.G.)
| | - Hallgeir Rui
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (Y.S.); (H.R.)
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.J.F.); (B.N.G.)
| | - Michael J. Flister
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.J.F.); (B.N.G.)
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Benjamin N. Gantner
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.J.F.); (B.N.G.)
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Carmen Bergom
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (A.F.); (B.L.F.); (T.G.); (J.L.P.)
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.J.F.); (B.N.G.)
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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11
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Schlaak RA, Frei A, SenthilKumar G, Tsaih SW, Wells C, Mishra J, Flister MJ, Camara AKS, Bergom C. Differences in Expression of Mitochondrial Complexes Due to Genetic Variants May Alter Sensitivity to Radiation-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:23. [PMID: 32195269 PMCID: PMC7066205 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is received by over half of all cancer patients. However, radiation doses may be constricted due to normal tissue side effects. In thoracic cancers, including breast and lung cancers, cardiac radiation is a major concern in treatment planning. There are currently no biomarkers of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity. Complex genetic modifiers can contribute to the risk of radiation-induced cardiotoxicities, yet these modifiers are largely unknown and poorly understood. We have previously reported the SS (Dahl salt-sensitive/Mcwi) rat strain is a highly sensitized model of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity compared to the more resistant Brown Norway (BN) rat strain. When rat chromosome 3 from the resistant BN rat strain is substituted into the SS background (SS.BN3 consomic), it significantly attenuates radiation-induced cardiotoxicity, demonstrating inherited genetic variants on rat chromosome 3 modify radiation sensitivity. Genes involved with mitochondrial function were differentially expressed in the hearts of SS and SS.BN3 rats 1 week after radiation. Here we further assessed differences in mitochondria-related genes between the sensitive SS and resistant SS.BN3 rats. We found mitochondrial-related gene expression differed in untreated hearts, while no differences in mitochondrial morphology were seen 1 week after localized heart radiation. At 12 weeks after localized cardiac radiation, differences in mitochondrial complex protein expression in the left ventricles were seen between the SS and SS.BN3 rats. These studies suggest that differences in mitochondrial gene expression caused by inherited genetic variants may contribute to differences in sensitivity to cardiac radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Schlaak
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Anne Frei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Gopika SenthilKumar
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Shirng-Wern Tsaih
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Clive Wells
- Electron Microscope Facility, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jyotsna Mishra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Michael J Flister
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Amadou K S Camara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Carmen Bergom
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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12
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Zou B, Schuster JP, Niu K, Huang Q, Rühle A, Huber PE. Radiotherapy-induced heart disease: a review of the literature. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2019; 2:270-282. [PMID: 35693876 PMCID: PMC8985808 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbz025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy as one of the four pillars of cancer therapy plays a critical role in the multimodal treatment of thoracic cancers. Due to significant improvements in overall cancer survival, radiotherapy-induced heart disease (RIHD) has become an increasingly recognized adverse reaction which contributes to major radiation-associated toxicities including non-malignant death. This is especially relevant for patients suffering from diseases with excellent prognosis such as breast cancer or Hodgkin's lymphoma, since RIHD may occur decades after radiotherapy. Preclinical studies have enriched our knowledge of many potential mechanisms by which thoracic radiotherapy induces heart injury. Epidemiological findings in humans reveal that irradiation might increase the risk of cardiac disease at even lower doses than previously assumed. Recent preclinical studies have identified non-invasive methods for evaluation of RIHD. Furthermore, potential options preventing or at least attenuating RIHD have been developed. Ongoing research may enrich our limited knowledge about biological mechanisms of RIHD, identify non-invasive early detection biomarkers and investigate potential treatment options that might attenuate or prevent these unwanted side effects. Here, we present a comprehensive review about the published literature regarding clinical manifestation and pathological alterations in RIHD. Biological mechanisms and treatment options are outlined, and challenges in RIHD treatment are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingwen Zou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Department of Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Julius Philipp Schuster
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Department of Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Kerun Niu
- Department of Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Qianyi Huang
- Department of Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Alexander Rühle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Department of Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO) and National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Peter Ernst Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Department of Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO) and National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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13
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Schlaak RA, Frei A, Schottstaedt AM, Tsaih SW, Fish BL, Harmann L, Liu Q, Gasperetti T, Medhora M, North PE, Strande JL, Sun Y, Rui H, Flister MJ, Bergom C. Mapping genetic modifiers of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity to rat chromosome 3. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H1267-H1280. [PMID: 30848680 PMCID: PMC6620678 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00482.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is used in ~50% of cancer patients to reduce the risk of recurrence and in some cases improve survival. Despite these benefits, doses can be limited by toxicity in multiple organs, including the heart. The underlying causes and biomarkers of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity are currently unknown, prompting the need for experimental models with inherent differences in sensitivity and resistance to the development of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity. We have identified the parental SS (Dahl salt-sensitive/Mcwi) rat strain to be a highly-sensitized model of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity. In comparison, substitution of rat chromosome 3 from the resistant BN (Brown Norway) rat strain onto the SS background (SS-3BN consomic) significantly attenuated radiation-induced cardiotoxicity. SS-3BN rats had less radiation-induced cardiotoxicity than SS rats, as measured by survival, pleural and pericardial effusions, echocardiogram parameters, and histological damage. Mast cells, previously shown to have predominantly protective roles in radiation-induced cardiotoxicity, were increased in the more resistant SS-3BN hearts postradiation. RNA sequencing from SS and SS-3BN hearts at 1 wk postradiation revealed 5,098 differentially expressed candidate genes across the transcriptome and 350 differentially expressed genes on rat chromosome 3, which coincided with enrichment of multiple pathways, including mitochondrial dysfunction, sirtuin signaling, and ubiquitination. Upstream regulators of enriched pathways included the oxidative stress modulating transcription factor, Nrf2, which is located on rat chromosome 3. Nrf2 target genes were also differentially expressed in the SS vs. SS-3BN consomic hearts postradiation. Collectively, these data confirm the existence of heritable modifiers in radiation-induced cardiotoxicity and provide multiple biomarkers, pathways, and candidate genes for future analyses. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This novel study reveals that heritable genetic factors have the potential to modify normal tissue sensitivity to radiation. Gene variant(s) on rat chromosome 3 can contribute to enhanced cardiotoxicity displayed in the SS rats vs. the BN and SS-3BN consomic rats. Identifying genes that lead to understanding the mechanisms of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity represents a novel method to personalize radiation treatment, as well as predict the development of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Schlaak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Anne Frei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Shirng-Wern Tsaih
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Brian L Fish
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Leanne Harmann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Qian Liu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Tracy Gasperetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Meetha Medhora
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Paula E North
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Yunguang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Hallgeir Rui
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Michael J Flister
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Carmen Bergom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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14
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Antioxidant activities of α-lipoic acid free and nano-capsule inhibit the growth of Ehrlich carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3141-3148. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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El-Gebaly RH, Rageh MM, Maamoun IK. Radio-protective potential of lipoic acid free and nano-capsule against 99mTc-MIBI induced injury in cardio vascular tissue. JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 27:83-96. [PMID: 30507603 DOI: 10.3233/xst-180438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SPECT MPI (Single photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging) is an essential tool for diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, but it also involves considerable exposure to ionizing radiation. OBJECTIVE To determine the radioprotective potential of lipoic acid free and nano-capsule against 99mTc-MIBI-induced injury in cardiovascular tissue. METHODS The radioprotective ability was assessed by blood count, histopathology and heart enzymes in different groups of mice. Hearts of mice from all groups were dissected and prepared for oxidative stress analysis of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, levels of DNA damage in heart and bone marrow cells were evaluated by alkaline comet assay technique. The same measurements were estimated after treating the mice with lipoic acid. RESULTS Comparing mice injected by radiopharmaceutics with control group showed a significant depression in the count of white blood cells (WBC) by about 40 % at 24 &72 hrs post-radiopharmaceutical administration. Moreover, platelets count was decreased by 27% at 72 hrs post-radiopharmaceutical administration. Radiation also dropped in super oxide dismutase (SOD) and increased in activity of heart enzymes and level of MDA (Malondialdehyde). Additionally, histopathological observation was characterized by focal necrosis of cardiac myocytes. 99mTc-MIBI induced DNA damage had significant increase. Nevertheless, pretreatment with free and lipoic acid nano-capsules (LANC's) prevented the reduction induced in WBCs and platelets, and improved their counts significantly. Conversely pre-treatment with lipoic acid free and nano-capsule significantly increased the activity of SOD and decreased the level of MDA and therefore protected the cardiovascular tissues and reduced DNA strand-break, consequently and enhanced the body weight of the mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the efficacy of lipoic acid free and nano-capsule as a radio protector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem H El-Gebaly
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Monira M Rageh
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Islam K Maamoun
- Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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16
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Subramanian V, Borchard S, Azimzadeh O, Sievert W, Merl-Pham J, Mancuso M, Pasquali E, Multhoff G, Popper B, Zischka H, Atkinson MJ, Tapio S. PPARα Is Necessary for Radiation-Induced Activation of Noncanonical TGFβ Signaling in the Heart. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:1677-1689. [PMID: 29560722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
High-dose ionizing radiation is known to induce adverse effects such as inflammation and fibrosis in the heart. Transcriptional regulators PPARα and TGFβ are known to be involved in this radiation response. PPARα, an anti-inflammatory transcription factor controlling cardiac energy metabolism, is inactivated by irradiation. The pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic TGFβ is activated by irradiation via SMAD-dependent and SMAD-independent pathways. The goal of this study was to investigate how altering the level of PPARα influences the radiation response of these signaling pathways. For this purpose, we used genetically modified C57Bl/6 mice with wild type (+/+), heterozygous (+/-) or homozygous (-/-) PPARα genotype. Mice were locally irradiated to the heart using doses of 8 or 16 Gy; the controls were sham-irradiated. The heart tissue was investigated using label-free proteomics 20 weeks after the irradiation and the predicted pathways were validated using immunoblotting, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. The heterozygous PPARα mice showed most radiation-induced changes in the cardiac proteome, whereas the homozygous PPARα mice showed the least changes. Irradiation induced SMAD-dependent TGFβ signaling independently of the PPARα status, but the presence of PPARα was necessary for the activation of the SMAD-independent pathway. These data indicate a central role of PPARα in cardiac response to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Sievert
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Radiation Immuno Oncology Group , Campus Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich , Munich 81675 , Germany
| | | | - Mariateresa Mancuso
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology and Biomedicine , Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA) , Rome 00196 , Italy
| | - Emanuela Pasquali
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology and Biomedicine , Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA) , Rome 00196 , Italy
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Radiation Immuno Oncology Group , Campus Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich , Munich 81675 , Germany
| | - Bastian Popper
- Department of Cell Biology and Core Facility Animal Models (CAM), Biomedical Center , Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich , Planegg 80539 , Germany
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17
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Azimzadeh O, Tapio S. Proteomics landscape of radiation-induced cardiovascular disease: somewhere over the paradigm. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:987-996. [PMID: 28976223 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1388743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiological studies clearly show that thoracic or whole body exposure to ionizing radiation increases the risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality. Radiation-induced cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been intensively studied during the last ten years but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. Areas covered: Heart proteomics is a powerful tool holding promise for the future research. The central focus of this review is to compare proteomics data on radiation-induced CVD with data arising from proteomics of healthy and diseased cardiac tissue in general. In this context we highlight common and unique features of radiation-related and other heart pathologies. Future prospects and challenges of the field are discussed. Expert commentary: Data from comprehensive cardiac proteomics have deepened the knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in radiation-induced cardiac dysfunction. State-of-the-art proteomics has the potential to identify novel diagnostic and therapeutic markers of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Azimzadeh
- a Institute of Radiation Biology , Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Soile Tapio
- a Institute of Radiation Biology , Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH , Neuherberg , Germany
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