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Nag N, Ray T, Tapader R, Gope A, Das R, Mahapatra E, Saha S, Pal A, Prasad P, Pal A. Metallo-protease Peptidase M84 from Bacillusaltitudinis induces ROS-dependent apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells by targeting PAR-1. iScience 2024; 27:109828. [PMID: 38799586 PMCID: PMC11126781 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
We have purified Peptidase M84 from Bacillus altitudinis in an effort to isolate anticancer proteases from environmental microbial isolates. This metallo-protease had no discernible impact on normal cell survival, but it specifically induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. PAR-1, a GPCR which is reported to be overexpressed in ovarian cancer cells, was identified as a target of Peptidase M84. We observed that Peptidase M84 induced PAR-1 overexpression along with activating its downstream signaling effectors NF-κB and MAPK to promote excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This evoked apoptotic death of the ovarian cancer cells through the intrinsic route. In in vivo set-up, weekly intraperitoneal administration of Peptidase M84 in syngeneic mice significantly diminished ascites accumulation, increasing murine survival rates by 60%. Collectively, our findings suggested that Peptidase M84 triggered PAR-1-mediated oxidative stress to act as an apoptosis inducer. This established Peptidase M84 as a drug candidate for receptor mediated targeted-therapy of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Nag
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), P-33, CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
| | - Tanusree Ray
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), P-33, CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
| | - Rima Tapader
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), P-33, CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
| | - Animesh Gope
- Division of Clinical Medicine, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), P-33, CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
| | - Rajdeep Das
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, 1, Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Elizabeth Mahapatra
- Department of Environmental Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700026, India
| | - Saibal Saha
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), P-33, CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
| | - Ananda Pal
- Division of Clinical Medicine, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), P-33, CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
| | - Parash Prasad
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati 45229-3026, OH, USA
| | - Amit Pal
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), P-33, CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
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Ma L, Zhang L, Li J, Zhang X, Xie Y, Li X, Yang B, Yang H. The potential mechanism of gut microbiota-microbial metabolites-mitochondrial axis in progression of diabetic kidney disease. Mol Med 2023; 29:148. [PMID: 37907885 PMCID: PMC10617243 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00745-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), has become the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Lately, it has been shown that the onset and advancement of DKD are linked to imbalances of gut microbiota and the abnormal generation of microbial metabolites. Similarly, a body of recent evidence revealed that biological alterations of mitochondria ranging from mitochondrial dysfunction and morphology can also exert significant effects on the occurrence of DKD. Based on the prevailing theory of endosymbiosis, it is believed that human mitochondria originated from microorganisms and share comparable biological characteristics with the microbiota found in the gut. Recent research has shown a strong correlation between the gut microbiome and mitochondrial function in the occurrence and development of metabolic disorders. The gut microbiome's metabolites may play a vital role in this communication. However, the relationship between the gut microbiome and mitochondrial function in the development of DKD is not yet fully understood, and the role of microbial metabolites is still unclear. Recent studies are highlighted in this review to examine the possible mechanism of the gut microbiota-microbial metabolites-mitochondrial axis in the progression of DKD and the new therapeutic approaches for preventing or reducing DKD based on this biological axis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Ma
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Yiran Xie
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China.
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3
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Zhang S, Li Y, Liu X, Guo S, Jiang L, Huang Y, Wu Y. Carnosine alleviates kidney tubular epithelial injury by targeting NRF2 mediated ferroptosis in diabetic nephropathy. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1141-1155. [PMID: 37450047 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) can promote the occurrence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The injury of renal tubular epithelial cells is a significant reason for the occurrence of ESRD. A recent research demonstrated that ferroptosis was associated with renal tubular injury in DN. Ferroptosis is a kind of cell death brought on by the buildup of iron ions and lipid peroxidation brought on by ROS. Because carnosine (CAR) is a scavenger of iron ions and reactive oxygen species, we investigated whether CAR can improve DN by regulating ferroptosis. The results show that both CAR and Fer-1 significantly reduced kidney damage and inhibited ferroptosis in STZ mice. In addition, ferroptosis caused by HG or erastin (an inducer of ferroptosis) in human kidney tubular epithelial cell (HK2) was also rescued by CAR treatment. It was discovered that the protective effect of CAR against HG-induced ferroptosis was abolished when NRF2 was specifically knocked down in HK2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqi Liu
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuebo Huang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yonggui Wu
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China.
- Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China.
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Li C, Li L, Yang M, Yang J, Zhao C, Han Y, Zhao H, Jiang N, Wei L, Xiao Y, Liu Y, Xiong X, Xi Y, Luo S, Deng F, Chen W, Yuan S, Zhu X, Xiao L, Sun L. PACS-2 Ameliorates Tubular Injury by Facilitating Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Contact and Mitophagy in Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetes 2022; 71:1034-1050. [PMID: 35133431 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM) may have a role in tubular injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN), but the precise mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 (PACS-2), a critical regulator of MAM formation, is significantly decreased in renal tubules of patients with DN, and PACS-2 expression is positively correlated with renal function and negatively correlated with degrees of tubulointerstitial lesions. Conditional deletion of Pacs-2 in proximal tubules (PTs) aggravates albuminuria and tubular injury in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of diabetes. Mitochondrial fragmentation, MAM disruption, and defective mitophagy accompanied by altered expression of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagic proteins, including Drp1 and Becn1, are observed in tubules of diabetic mice; these changes are more pronounced in PT-specific Pacs-2 knockout mice. In vitro, overexpression of PACS-2 in HK-2 cells alleviates excessive mitochondrial fission induced by high glucose concentrations through blocking mitochondrial recruitment of DRP1 and subsequently restores MAM integrity and enhances mitophagy. Mechanistically, PACS-2 binds to BECN1 and mediates the relocalization of BECN1 to MAM, where it promotes the formation of mitophagosome. Together, these data highlight an important but previously unrecognized role of PACS-2 in ameliorating tubular injury in DN by facilitating MAM formation and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenrui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinfei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chanyue Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yachun Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaofen Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yiyun Xi
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shilu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Deng
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuguang Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuejing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Zheng C, Xuan W, Chen Z, Zhang R, Huang X, Zhu Y, Ma S, Chen K, Chen L, He M, Lin H, Liao W, Bin J, Liao Y. CX3CL1 Worsens Cardiorenal Dysfunction and Serves as a Therapeutic Target of Canagliflozin for Cardiorenal Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:848310. [PMID: 35370759 PMCID: PMC8971671 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.848310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of cardiorenal dysfunction induced by diabetes mellitus (DM), which belongs to cardiorenal syndrome type 5, is poor and its pathogenesis remains elusive. We have reported that CX3CL1 exacerbated heart failure and direct inhibition of CX3CL1 improved cardiac function. Emerging evidence supports that CX3CL1 is involved in renal impairment. Here we attempt to clarify whether CX3CL1 might be a therapeutic target for cardiorenal dysfunction in diabetes. We found that cardiac and renal CX3CL1 protein levels were significantly increased in both streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and in non-obese diabetic mice, and that hyperglycemia led to persistent CX3CL1 expression in the heart and kidneys even after it was controlled by insulin. In cultured cardiac and renal cells, soluble CX3CL1 accelerated mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis via activation of the RhoA/ROCK1-Bax signaling pathway and promoted fibrosis through cellular phenotypic trans-differentiation mediated by the TGF-β/Smad pathway. In the two diabetic mouse models, knockout of CX3CL1 receptor CX3CR1 or treatment with an CX3CL1 neutralizing antibody significantly improved cardiorenal dysfunction by inhibiting apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and fibrosis. Moreover, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor canagliflozin significantly downregulated cardiac and renal CX3CL1 expression and improved cardiorenal dysfunction. These findings indicate that CX3CL1 could be a new therapeutic target for diabetes-induced cardiorenal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cankun Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanling Xuan
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wanling Xuan, ; Yulin Liao,
| | - Zhenhuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Huang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingqi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaitong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyuan He
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hairuo Lin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Bin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wanling Xuan, ; Yulin Liao,
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6
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Liu L, Bai F, Song H, Xiao R, Wang Y, Yang H, Ren X, Li S, Gao L, Ma C, Yang X, Liang X. Upregulation of TIPE1 in tubular epithelial cell aggravates diabetic nephropathy by disrupting PHB2 mediated mitophagy. Redox Biol 2022; 50:102260. [PMID: 35152003 PMCID: PMC8844679 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) are one of the most mitochondria-rich cell types, and are thus vulnerable to mitochondrial dysregulation, which is defined as a pivotal event in tubular damage in diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role and mechanisms of tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like 1 (TNFAIP8L1/TIPE1) in high glucose (HG)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in RTECs and DN progression. TIPE1 expression was predominantly upregulated in RTECs in patients with DN and mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN. Conditional knockout of Tipe1 in RTECs significantly decreased the urine protein creatinine ratio, renal tubular damage, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and interstitial fibrosis in STZ-induced mice. RNA sequencing revealed that citrate cycle-related genes were positively enriched in the renal tissues of RTEC-specific Tipe1 knockout mice. Tipe1 deficiency upregulated ATP levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, and respiration rate, but downregulated mitochondrial ROS levels in RTECs. Furthermore, Tipe1 ablation led to enhanced mitophagy in RTECs, indicative of increased LC3II, PINK1, and Parkin expression, but decreased p62 expression in mitochondria. Mechanistically, mass spectrometry screening and co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed the interaction of TIPE1 with prohibitin 2 (PHB2), a crucial mitophagy receptor. Intriguingly, TIPE1 promoted the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of PHB2. Subsequently, PHB2 knockdown almost abrogated the improvement of Tipe1 loss on HG-induced tubular cell mitophagy and damage. Thus, TIPE1 disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis in RTECs and promotes tubular damage by destabilizing PHB2 under HG conditions. Hence, TIPE1 may act as a potential therapeutic target to prevent DN progression. TIPE1 is highly expressed in RTECs of DN. TIPE1 aggravates diabetic renal injury and fibrosis. TIPE1 disrupts the mitochondria homeostasis of RTECs by inhibiting mitophagy. TIPE1 interacts with and promotes the proteasomal degradation of PHB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Nephropathy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fang Bai
- Department of Nephropathy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Hui Song
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huimin Yang
- Department of Nephropathy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaolei Ren
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuangjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lifen Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunhong Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Department of Nephropathy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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7
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Hao C, Zhang J, Zhang F, Wu J, Cao H, Wang W. Mitochondrial DNA may act as a biomarker to predict donor-kidney quality. Clin Transplant 2021; 35:e14469. [PMID: 34448256 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the best therapy for end-stage renal disease. Demand for kidney transplantation rises year-on-year, and the gap between kidney supply and demand remains large. To meet this clinical need, a gradual expansion in the supply of donors is required. However, clinics lack appropriate tools capable of quickly and accurately predicting post-transplant renal allograft function, and thus assess donor-kidney quality before transplantation. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a key component of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and plays an important part in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), accelerating the progression of IRI by inducing inflammation and type I interferon responses. mtDNA is known to be closely involved in delayed graft function (DGF) and acute kidney injury (AKI) after transplantation. Thus, mtDNA is a potential biomarker able to predict post-transplant renal allograft function. This review summarizes mtDNA biology, the role mtDNA plays in renal transplantation, outlines advances in detecting mtDNA, and details mtDNA's able to predict post-transplant renal allograft function. We aim to elucidate the potential value of mtDNA as a biomarker in the prediction of IRI, and eventually provide help for predicting donor-kidney quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhen Hao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feilong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyue Wu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huawei Cao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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8
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Wetzel MD, Stanley K, Maity S, Madesh M, Bopassa JC, Awad AS. Homoarginine ameliorates diabetic nephropathy independent of nitric oxide synthase-3. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14766. [PMID: 33713581 PMCID: PMC7955794 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently we showed that homoarginine supplementation confers kidney protection in diabetic mouse models. In this study we tested whether the protective effect of homoarginine is nitric oxide synthase-3 (NOS3)-independent in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Experiments were conducted in NOS3 deficient (NOS3-/- ) mice and their wild type littermate using multiple low doses of vehicle or streptozotocin and treated with homoarginine via drinking water for 24 weeks. Homoarginine supplementation for 24 weeks in diabetic NOS3-/- mice significantly attenuated albuminuria, increased blood urea nitrogen, histopathological changes and kidney fibrosis, kidney fibrotic markers, and kidney macrophage recruitment compared with vehicle-treated diabetic NOS3-/- mice. Furthermore, homoarginine supplementation restored kidney mitochondrial function following diabetes. Importantly, there were no significant changes in kidney NOS1 or NOS2 mRNA expression between all groups. In addition, homoarginine supplementation improved cardiac function and reduced cardiac fibrosis following diabetes. These data demonstrate that the protective effect of homoarginine is independent of NOS3, which will ultimately change our understanding of the mechanism(s) by which homoarginine induce renal and cardiac protection in DN. Homoarginine protective effect in DN could be mediated via improving mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Wetzel
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Kristen Stanley
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Soumya Maity
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Jean C. Bopassa
- Department of Cellular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Alaa S. Awad
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
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9
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Wetzel MD, Stanley K, Wang WW, Maity S, Madesh M, Reeves WB, Awad AS. Selective inhibition of arginase-2 in endothelial cells but not proximal tubules reduces renal fibrosis. JCI Insight 2020; 5:142187. [PMID: 32956070 PMCID: PMC7566719 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the final common pathway in the pathophysiology of most forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD). As treatment of renal fibrosis still remains largely supportive, a refined understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of kidney fibrosis and the development of novel compounds are urgently needed. Whether arginases play a role in the development of fibrosis in CKD is unclear. We hypothesized that endothelial arginase-2 (Arg2) promotes the development of kidney fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Arg2 expression and arginase activity significantly increased following renal fibrosis. Pharmacologic blockade or genetic deficiency of Arg2 conferred kidney protection following renal fibrosis, as reflected by a reduction in kidney interstitial fibrosis and fibrotic markers. Selective deletion of Arg2 in endothelial cells (Tie2Cre/Arg2fl/fl) reduced the level of fibrosis after UUO. In contrast, selective deletion of Arg2 specifically in proximal tubular cells (Ggt1Cre/Arg2fl/fl) failed to reduce renal fibrosis after UUO. Furthermore, arginase inhibition restored kidney nitric oxide (NO) levels, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function following UUO. These findings indicate that endothelial Arg2 plays a major role in renal fibrosis via its action on NO and mitochondrial function. Blocking Arg2 activity or expression could be a novel therapeutic approach for prevention of CKD.
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10
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Wen H, Yongling Z, Shuying Z, Jiali W, Yanling Z. Effect of febuxostat on renal function in patients from South China with CKD3 diabetic nephropathy. J Bras Nefrol 2020; 42:393-399. [PMID: 32701116 PMCID: PMC7860659 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2019-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of febuxostat on renal function in CKD stage 3 diabetic nephropathy patients. METHODS Patients in our hospital with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3 diabetic nephropathy (DN) complicated by high serum uric acid (360 µmol/L) were recruited. Patients were then divided into treatment group and control group according to the random number table method. All the patients received low purine diet, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, and adequate routine hypoglycemic treatment. Febuxostat was employed only in the treatment group. The levels of blood uric acid (sUA), serum creatinine (Scr), cystatin C (cys-c), eGFR, 24-hour urine protein quantification, albuminuria, and creatinine ratio (ACR) were evaluated in all patients before and after treatment at 4, 8, 12, and 24 week. RESULTS No difference was found before treatment between the two groups. After treatment at 4, 8, 12, and 24 week, the levels of sUA, SCr, cys-c, and eGFR between the two groups were significant different (P<0.05). There was no difference in 24-hour urine protein quantification, albuminuria, and creatinine ratio between two groups before treatment, and significant differences were observed after treatment. Fifty percent of patients from the treatment group achieved the treatment goal with 20 mg febuxostat at 4 weeks. Tubular markers were also decreased with the treatment. CONCLUSIONS Febuxostat can reduce uric acid and improve renal function effectively in patients with CKD stage 3 diabetic nephropathy, while being well tolerated. However, the conclusion is still uncertain due to the short term of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Wen
- Wenzhou Medical University, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Department of Nephrology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhu Yongling
- Wenzhou City Second People's Hospital, Hematological Department, Wenzhou City, China
| | - Zheng Shuying
- Wenzhou Medical University, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Department of Nephrology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wang Jiali
- Wenzhou Medical University, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Department of Nephrology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhao Yanling
- Wenzhou Medical University, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Department of Nephrology, Wenzhou, China
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11
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Gao P, Yang W, Sun L. Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes (MAMs) and Their Prospective Roles in Kidney Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3120539. [PMID: 32952849 PMCID: PMC7487091 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3120539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs) serve as essential hubs for interorganelle communication in eukaryotic cells and play multifunctional roles in various biological pathways. A defect in ER-mitochondria signaling or MAMs dysfunction has pleiotropic effects on a variety of intracellular events, which results in disturbances of the mitochondrial quality control system, Ca2+ dyshomeostasis, apoptosis, ER stress, and inflammasome activation, which all contribute to the onset and progression of kidney disease. Here, we review the structure and molecular compositions of MAMs as well as the experimental methods used to study these interorganellar contact sites. We will specifically summarize the downstream signaling pathways regulated by MAMs, mainly focusing on mitochondrial quality control, oxidative stress, ER-mitochondria Ca2+ crosstalk, apoptosis, inflammasome activation, and ER stress. Finally, we will discuss how alterations in MAMs integrity contribute to the pathogenesis of kidney disease and offer directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease & Blood Purification, in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Wenxia Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease & Blood Purification, in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease & Blood Purification, in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
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12
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Aluksanasuwan S, Plumworasawat S, Malaitad T, Chaiyarit S, Thongboonkerd V. High glucose induces phosphorylation and oxidation of mitochondrial proteins in renal tubular cells: A proteomics approach. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5843. [PMID: 32246012 PMCID: PMC7125224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62665-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been thought to play roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, precise mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction in DN remained unclear. Herein, mitochondria were isolated from renal tubular cells after exposure to normal glucose (5.5 mM glucose), high glucose (25 mM glucose), or osmotic control (5.5 mM glucose + 19.5 mM mannitol) for 96 h. Comparative proteomic analysis revealed six differentially expressed proteins among groups that were subsequently identified by tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-ESI-ETD MS/MS) and confirmed by Western blotting. Several various types of post-translational modifications (PTMs) were identified in all of these identified proteins. Interestingly, phosphorylation and oxidation were most abundant in mitochondrial proteins whose levels were exclusively increased in high glucose condition. The high glucose-induced increases in phosphorylation and oxidation of mitochondrial proteins were successfully confirmed by various assays including MS/MS analyses. Moreover, high glucose also increased levels of phosphorylated ezrin, intracellular ATP and ROS, all of which could be abolished by a p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB239063), implicating a role of p38 MAPK-mediated phosphorylation in high glucose-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. These data indicate that phosphorylation and oxidation of mitochondrial proteins are, at least in part, involved in mitochondrial dysfunction in renal tubular cells during DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siripat Aluksanasuwan
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Sirikanya Plumworasawat
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Thanyalak Malaitad
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Sakdithep Chaiyarit
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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13
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Li J, Cui J, Li Z, Fu X, Li J, Li H, Wang S, Zhang M. ORP8 induces apoptosis by releasing cytochrome c from mitochondria in non‑small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:1516-1524. [PMID: 32323800 PMCID: PMC7108022 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, and numerous oncogenes are associated with this disease. Oxysterol‑binding protein‑related protein 8 (ORP8) is essential for cell growth, migration and the modulation of mitochondrial respiration and morphology. However, the underlying role of ORP8 in NSCLC remains unclear. In the present study, it was reported that the expression of ORP8 was low in NSCLC cells and tissues. The ORP8 expression levels were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), quantitative real‑time PCR (qPCR) and western blot analysis. ORP8 overexpression inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in NSCLC cells with MTS, anchorage‑independent growth and Hoechst 33342 staining assay. Further experiments demonstrated that ORP8 overexpression induced the apoptosis of NSCLC cells via the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm with western blot analysis and confocal microscopy results. In addition, qPCR analysis showed that miR‑421 was upregulated in NSCLC cell lines, with the bioinformatics analysis, western blot analysis and Dual‑Luciferase reporter assay, it was determined that miR‑421 could target ORP8. The inhibition of cell proliferation via ORP8 overexpression was rescued by a miR‑421 mimic, which aided in maintaining the proliferative potential of the cells. Overall, the present study revealed that ORP8 may be a candidate target in the prevention and treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jieke Cui
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoming Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorui Fu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Hongwen Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Shilei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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14
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Fontecha-Barriuso M, Martin-Sanchez D, Martinez-Moreno JM, Monsalve M, Ramos AM, Sanchez-Niño MD, Ruiz-Ortega M, Ortiz A, Sanz AB. The Role of PGC-1α and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Kidney Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020347. [PMID: 32102312 PMCID: PMC7072614 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the fastest growing causes of death worldwide, emphasizing the need to develop novel therapeutic approaches. CKD predisposes to acute kidney injury (AKI) and AKI favors CKD progression. Mitochondrial derangements are common features of both AKI and CKD and mitochondria-targeting therapies are under study as nephroprotective agents. PGC-1α is a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and an attractive therapeutic target. Low PGC-1α levels and decreased transcription of its gene targets have been observed in both preclinical AKI (nephrotoxic, endotoxemia, and ischemia-reperfusion) and in experimental and human CKD, most notably diabetic nephropathy. In mice, PGC-1α deficiency was associated with subclinical CKD and predisposition to AKI while PGC-1α overexpression in tubular cells protected from AKI of diverse causes. Several therapeutic strategies may increase kidney PGC-1α activity and have been successfully tested in animal models. These include AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators, phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, and anti-TWEAK antibodies. In conclusion, low PGC-1α activity appears to be a common feature of AKI and CKD and recent characterization of nephroprotective approaches that increase PGC-1α activity may pave the way for nephroprotective strategies potentially effective in both AKI and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Fontecha-Barriuso
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (D.M.-S.); (J.M.M.-M.); (A.M.R.); (M.D.S.-N.); (M.R.-O.); (A.O.)
- REDINREN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Martin-Sanchez
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (D.M.-S.); (J.M.M.-M.); (A.M.R.); (M.D.S.-N.); (M.R.-O.); (A.O.)
- REDINREN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Manuel Martinez-Moreno
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (D.M.-S.); (J.M.M.-M.); (A.M.R.); (M.D.S.-N.); (M.R.-O.); (A.O.)
| | - Maria Monsalve
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Adrian Mario Ramos
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (D.M.-S.); (J.M.M.-M.); (A.M.R.); (M.D.S.-N.); (M.R.-O.); (A.O.)
- REDINREN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (D.M.-S.); (J.M.M.-M.); (A.M.R.); (M.D.S.-N.); (M.R.-O.); (A.O.)
- REDINREN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (D.M.-S.); (J.M.M.-M.); (A.M.R.); (M.D.S.-N.); (M.R.-O.); (A.O.)
- REDINREN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (D.M.-S.); (J.M.M.-M.); (A.M.R.); (M.D.S.-N.); (M.R.-O.); (A.O.)
- REDINREN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IRSIN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belen Sanz
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (D.M.-S.); (J.M.M.-M.); (A.M.R.); (M.D.S.-N.); (M.R.-O.); (A.O.)
- REDINREN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-550-48-00
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15
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Léveillé M, Estall JL. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Transition from NASH to HCC. Metabolites 2019; 9:E233. [PMID: 31623280 PMCID: PMC6836234 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver constantly adapts to meet energy requirements of the whole body. Despite its remarkable adaptative capacity, prolonged exposure of liver cells to harmful environmental cues (such as diets rich in fat, sugar, and cholesterol) results in the development of chronic liver diseases (including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)) that can progress to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathogenesis of these diseases is extremely complex, multifactorial, and poorly understood. Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction or maladaptation contributes to detrimental effects on hepatocyte bioenergetics, reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, and cell death leading to NASH and HCC. The present review highlights the potential contribution of altered mitochondria function to NASH-related HCC and discusses how agents targeting this organelle could provide interesting treatment strategies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Léveillé
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, QC H2W 1R7, Canada.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, QC H3G 2M1, Canada.
| | - Jennifer L Estall
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, QC H2W 1R7, Canada.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, QC H3G 2M1, Canada.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
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16
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Lee YH, Kim SH, Kang JM, Heo JH, Kim DJ, Park SH, Sung M, Kim J, Oh J, Yang DH, Lee SH, Lee SY. Empagliflozin attenuates diabetic tubulopathy by improving mitochondrial fragmentation and autophagy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F767-F780. [PMID: 31390268 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00565.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of empagliflozin, a selective inhibitor of Na+-glucose cotransporter 2, on mitochondrial quality control and autophagy in renal tubular cells in a diabetic environment in vivo and in vitro. Human renal proximal tubular cells (hRPTCs) were incubated under high-glucose conditions. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin in male C57BL/6J mice. Improvements in mitochondrial biogenesis and balanced fusion-fission protein expression were noted in hRPTCs after treatment with empagliflozin in high-glucose media. Empagliflozin also increased autophagic activities in renal tubular cells in the high-glucose environment, which was accompanied with mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition. Moreover, reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and decreased apoptotic and fibrotic protein expression were observed in hRPTCs after treatment with empagliflozin, even in the hyperglycemic circumstance. Importantly, empagliflozin restored AMP-activated protein kinase-α phosphorylation and normalized levels of AMP-to-ATP ratios in hRPTCs subjected to a high-glucose environment, which suggests the way that empagliflozin is involved in mitochondrial quality control. Empagliflozin effectively suppressed Na+-glucose cotransporter 2 expression and ameliorated renal morphological changes in the kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Electron microscopy analysis showed that mitochondrial fragmentation was decreased and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine content was low in renal tubular cells of empagliflozin treatment groups compared with those of the diabetic control group. We suggest one mechanism related to the renoprotective actions of empagliflozin, which reverse mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Mo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyung Heo
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Hwa Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - MinJi Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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17
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Huangqi-Danshen Decoction Ameliorates Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease by Modulating Mitochondrial Dynamics. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9574045. [PMID: 30713579 PMCID: PMC6332985 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9574045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading public health problem with high morbidity and mortality. However, the therapies remain limited. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for treating kidney disease for thousands of years and is an effective alternative treatment for CKD patients in China and other Asian countries. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of Huangqi-Danshen decoction (HDD), a TCM herbal decoction, on treating CKD. CKD rat model was induced by adding 0.75% adenine to the diet for 4 weeks. HDD extract was administrated orally to CKD rats at the dose of 4.7 g/kg/d for consecutive 4 weeks in adenine-induced CKD rats. Kidney function was evaluated by the levels of serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The pathological changes of kidney tissues were observed by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson's trichrome staining. The proteins expression of renal fibrosis and mitochondrial dynamics were determined and quantified by Western blot analysis. CKD rats showed obvious decline in renal function as evidenced by increased levels of Scr and BUN, which were blunted by HDD treatment. HDD could also improve tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis of CKD rats. Moreover, HDD downregulated fibronectin, type IV collagen, and α-smooth muscle actin expression in CKD rats. Furthermore, mitochondrial dynamics was disturbed in CKD rats, which manifested as increased mitochondrial fission and decreased mitochondrial fusion. HDD treatment restored mitochondrial dynamics in CKD rats by repressing dynamin-related protein 1 and Mid 49/51 expression, promoting mitofusin 2 expression, and suppressing optic atrophy 1 proteolysis. In conclusion, HDD could significantly retard CKD progression through modulating mitochondrial dynamics.
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Song S, Qiu D, Luo F, Wei J, Wu M, Wu H, Du C, Du Y, Ren Y, Chen N, Duan H, Shi Y. Knockdown of NLRP3 alleviates high glucose or TGFB1-induced EMT in human renal tubular cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:101-113. [PMID: 30307163 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Tubular injury is one of the crucial determinants of progressive renal failure in diabetic nephropathy (DN), while epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tubular cells contributes to the accumulation of matrix protein in the diabetic kidney. Activation of the nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome leads to the maturation of interleukin (IL)-1B and is involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of diabetes. In this study, we explored the role of NLRP3 inflammasome on high glucose (HG) or transforming growth factor-B1 (TGFB1)-induced EMT in HK-2 cells. We evaluated EMT through the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and E-cadherin as well as the induction of a myofibroblastic phenotype. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed using the confocal microscopy. HG was shown to induce EMT at 48 h, which was blocked by NLRP3 silencing or antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). We found that NLRP3 interference could inhibit HG-induced ROS. Knockdown of NLRP3 could prevent HG-induced EMT by inhibiting the phosphorylation of SMAD3, P38 MAPK and ERK1/2. In addition, P38 MAPK and ERK1/2 might be involved in HG-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Besides, TGFB1 induced the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the generation of ROS, which were blocked by NLRP3 interference or NAC. Tubular cells exposed to TGFB1 also underwent EMT, and this could be inhibited by NLRP3 shRNA or NAC. These results indicated that knockdown of NLRP3 antagonized HG-induced EMT by inhibiting ROS production, phosphorylation of SMAD3, P38MAPK and ERK1/2, highlighting NLRP3 as a potential therapy target for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Song
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Duojun Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fengwei Luo
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinying Wei
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haijiang Wu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chunyang Du
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunxia Du
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunzhuo Ren
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huijun Duan
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
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19
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Perturbations in mitochondrial dynamics by p66Shc lead to renal tubular oxidative injury in human diabetic nephropathy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1297-1314. [PMID: 29760122 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Renal tubular injury is increasingly being recognized as an early characteristic of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Mitochondrial dynamic alterations and redox protein p66Shc-mediated oxidative stress are both critical for ensuing diabetic tubular cell injury and apoptosis; whether these two processes are interlinked remains unclear. In the present study, we observed changes in mitochondrial morphology and expression of associated proteins in tubules of patients with DN. We demonstrated mitochondrial fragmentation as an important pathogenic feature of tubular cell injury that is linked to oxidative stress and p66Shc up-regulation. In renal proximal tubular cells, alterations in mitochondrial dynamics and expression of fission-fusion proteins were observed under high glucose (HG) ambience, along with p66Shc Ser36 phosphorylation. Gene ablation of p66Shc alleviated HG-induced mitochondrial fragmentation, down-regulated Fis1 and reduced p66Shc-Fis1 binding, increased Mfn1 expression, and disrupted interactions between Mfn1 and proapoptotic Bak. Overexpression of p66Shc exacerbated these changes, whereas overexpression of dominant-negative p66Shc Ser36 mutant had a marginal effect under HG, indicating that p66Shc phosphorylation as a prerequisite in the modulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Disrupted mitochondrial dynamics and enhanced Mfn1-Bak interactions modulated by p66Shc led to loss of mitochondrial voltage potential, cytochrome C release, excessive ROS generation, and apoptosis. Taken together, these results link p66Shc to mitochondrial dynamic alterations in the pathogenesis of DN and unveil a novel mechanism by which p66Shc mediates HG-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and proapoptotic signaling that results in oxidative injury and apoptosis in the tubular compartment in human diabetic nephropathy.
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20
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Chloroquine and amodiaquine enhance AMPK phosphorylation and improve mitochondrial fragmentation in diabetic tubulopathy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8774. [PMID: 29884802 PMCID: PMC5993726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of chloroquine (CQ) and amodiaquine (AQ) on AMPK phosphorylation in renal tubular cells in a diabetic environment in vivo and in vitro. We also examined whether CQ- or AQ-mediated AMPK activity restoration attenuated diabetic tubulopathy by normalizing mitochondrial fragmentation. Human renal proximal epithelial cells (HKC8) were incubated in high-glucose conditions. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin in male C57/BL6J mice. Treatment with CQ or AQ abolished high-glucose-induced phospho-AMPK and phosph-PGC1α down-regulation in HKC8 cells. Improvements in functional mitochondrial mass and balanced fusion/fission protein expression were observed in HKC8 cells after treatment with CQ or AQ in high-glucose conditions. Moreover, decreased mitochondrial ROS production and reduced apoptotic and fibrotic protein expression were noted in HKC8 cells after treatment with CQ or AQ, even in high-glucose conditions. CQ and AQ treatment effectively mitigated albuminuria and renal histopathologic changes and increased AMPK activity in the kidneys of diabetic mice. Electron microscopy analysis showed that mitochondrial fragmentation was decreased, and 8-OHdG content was low in the renal tubular cells of the CQ and AQ treatment groups compared with those of the diabetic control group. Our results suggest that CQ and AQ may be useful treatments for patients with diabetic kidney disease.
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21
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Abstract
Globally, diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease, which are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease and death. Despite this burden, the factors that precipitate the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remain to be fully elucidated. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with kidney disease in nondiabetic contexts, and increasing evidence suggests that dysfunctional renal mitochondria are pathological mediators of DKD. These complex organelles have a broad range of functions, including the generation of ATP. The kidneys are mitochondrially rich, highly metabolic organs that require vast amounts of ATP for their normal function. The delivery of metabolic substrates for ATP production, such as fatty acids and oxygen, is altered by diabetes. Changes in metabolic fuel sources in diabetes to meet ATP demands result in increased oxygen consumption, which contributes to renal hypoxia. Inherited factors including mutations in genes that impact mitochondrial function and/or substrate delivery may also be important risk factors for DKD. Hence, we postulate that the diabetic milieu and inherited factors that underlie abnormalities in mitochondrial function synergistically drive the development and progression of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine M Forbes
- Glycation and Diabetes Group, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Mater Clinical School, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Departments of Medicine and Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David R Thorburn
- Departments of Medicine and Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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22
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Han Y, Xu X, Tang C, Gao P, Chen X, Xiong X, Yang M, Yang S, Zhu X, Yuan S, Liu F, Xiao L, Kanwar YS, Sun L. Reactive oxygen species promote tubular injury in diabetic nephropathy: The role of the mitochondrial ros-txnip-nlrp3 biological axis. Redox Biol 2018; 16:32-46. [PMID: 29475133 PMCID: PMC5842313 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP3/IL-1β activation via thioredoxin (TRX)/thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) following mitochondria ROS (mtROS) overproduction plays a key role in inflammation. However, the involvement of this process in tubular damage in the kidneys of patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) is unclear. Here, we demonstrated that mtROS overproduction is accompanied by decreases in TRX expression and TXNIP up-regulation. In addition, we discovered that mtROS overproduction is also associated with increases in NLRP3/IL-1β and TGF-β expression in the kidneys of patients with DN and db/db mice. We reversed these changes in db/db mice by administering a peritoneal injection of MitoQ, an antioxidant targeting mtROS. Similar results were observed in human tubular HK-2 cells subjected to high-glucose (HG) conditions and treated with MitoQ. Treating HK-2 cells with MitoQ suppressed the dissociation of TRX from TXNIP and subsequently blocked the interaction between TXNIP and NLRP3, leading to the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β maturation. The effects of MitoQ were enhanced by pretreatment with TXNIP siRNA and abolished by pretreatment with monosodium urate (MSU) and TRX siRNA in vitro. These results suggest that mitochondrial ROS-TXNIP/NLRP3/IL-1β axis activation is responsible for tubular oxidative injury, which can be ameliorated by MitoQ via the inhibition of mtROS overproduction. Reactive oxygen species promotes renal damage in diabetic nephropathy. Mitochondrial ROS- TXNIP-NLRP3 biological axis involved in tubular injury of DN. Inhibition of mitochondrial ROS by MitoQ ameliorated the renal tubular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachun Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Xu
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xianghui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiaofen Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shikun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xuejing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shuguang Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Fuyou Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yashpal S Kanwar
- Departments of Pathology & Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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23
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Tong Y, Chuan J, Bai L, Shi J, Zhong L, Duan X, Zhu Y. The protective effect of shikonin on renal tubular epithelial cell injury induced by high glucose. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:701-708. [PMID: 29304496 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress is thought to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Treating high-glucose (HG)-induced proximal tubule injury has become a patential therapeutic option to attenuate the onset and progression of DN. The present study aimed to investigate the renoprotective effect of shikonin, the chief active compound extracted from the roots of the traditional Chinese herb Lithospermum erythrorhizon, on HG-induced cytotoxicity in NRK-52E cells. Treating cells with HG significantly reduce cell viability while also significantly increasing content of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Treating the cells with shikonin improved these changes induced by HG. Shikonin strongly stabilized mitochondrial membrane potential in HG-induced NRK-52E cells. In addition, treatment with shikonin upregulated antioxidant system in response to ROS by increasing levels of SOD and CAT. Furthermore, shikonin also strongly decreased the levels of activated caspase-3, Bax and p-GSK-3β while increased the p-AKT level. These findings provide that the renoprotective effects of shikonin against HG-induced cytotoxicity in NRK-52E cells may be mediated in inhibiting oxidative stress through activating of the AKT signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Tong
- Department of Nephrology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Junlan Chuan
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Lan Bai
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xingmei Duan
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhu
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
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24
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Eirin A, Lerman A, Lerman LO. The Emerging Role of Mitochondrial Targeting in Kidney Disease. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 240:229-250. [PMID: 27316914 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Renal disease affects millions of people worldwide, imposing an enormous financial burden for health-care systems. Recent evidence suggests that mitochondria play an important role in the pathogenesis of different forms of renal disease, including genetic defects, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, aging, renal tumors, and transplant nephropathy. Renal mitochondrial abnormalities and dysfunction affect several cellular pathways, leading to increased oxidative stress, apoptosis, microvascular loss, and fibrosis, all of which compromise renal function. Over recent years, compounds that specifically target mitochondria have emerged as promising therapeutic options for patients with renal disease. Although the most compelling evidence is based on preclinical studies, several compounds are currently being tested in clinical trials. This chapter provides an overview of the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in renal disease and summarizes the current knowledge on mitochondria-targeted strategies to attenuate renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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25
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Novick TK, Choi MJ, Rosenberg AZ, McMahon BA, Fine D, Atta MG. Tenofovir alafenamide nephrotoxicity in an HIV-positive patient: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8046. [PMID: 28885375 PMCID: PMC6393094 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is novel prodrug of Tenofovir, a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor. TAF is less nephrotoxic than its predecessor prodrug, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Tenofovir causes mitochondrial dysfunction and tubular injury when there is elevated accumulation in proximal tubule cells. TAF's unique pharmacokinetic profile enables provision of lower required doses for antiviral efficacy. Lower concentrations reach renal tubules minimizing intracellular accumulation and mitochondrial damage. TAF has not been associated with the histologic markers of tenofovir-associated nephrotoxicity that are seen with TDF, such as dysmorphic mitochondria in proximal tubule cells. Here, we report a patient with dysmorphic mitochondria on kidney biopsy after initiating therapy with TAF. LESSONS This case suggests that at risk individuals may experience tubular mitochondrial injury from lower concentrations of tenofovir with TAF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Avi Z. Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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26
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Cai HD, Su SL, Qian DW, Guo S, Tao WW, Cong XD, Tang R, Duan JA. Renal protective effect and action mechanism of Huangkui capsule and its main five flavonoids. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 206:152-159. [PMID: 28408246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The flower of Abelmoschus manihot (Linn.) Medicus (A. manihot), as a traditional Chinese Herbal medicine, was used widely in China with efficacy of inducing diuresis for treating strangurtia, and subdhing swelling and detoxicating. It has been reported that Huangkui capsule, prepared by the extract of the flower of A. manihot, can reduce the content of urinary protein, serum creatinine and serum urea nitrogen in nephropathy rats and processes renoprotective activity, while the action mechanism need to illuminate deeply. AIMS OF THE STUDY In this study, we investigated the protection effect of Huangkui capsule on tubulointerstitial fibrosis in chronic renal failure (CRF) rats and its mechanism against high glucose-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) of its bioactive components. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animals were divided into normal group, CRF model group and Huangkui capsule-treated group. Hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining were applied to observe pathological changes in renal tissue of different groups. Biochemical indicators including serum urea nitrogen (BUN), urine protein (UP) and serum creatinine (Scr) were measured according to the manufacturer's instructions of kits. HK-2 cell damaged model was established to access the protection effect and action mechanism of five main flavonoids from Huangkui capsule. The experimental cells were divided into eight groups: control group, model group, positive drug group and five main flavonoids treated groups. The dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay was used to determine the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different groups. Western blot was applied to analyze the expression of pathogenesis-related proteins in different groups. RESULTS The results stated that Huangkui capsule significantly inhibited the elevation of Scr, BUN, UP, the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), phosphorylation-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK1/2), NADPH Oxidase 1, NADPH Oxidase 2 and NADPH Oxidase 4 in adenine-induced CRF rats. The main bioactive components of quercetin (QT), hyperoside (HY), isoquercitrin (IQT), gossypetin-8-O-β-D-glucuronide (GG) and quercetin-3'-O-glucoside (QG) at the dosage of 100µM, like NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium, exhibited a significant effect on inhibiting the expression of α-SMA, p-ERK1/2, NADPH Oxidase 1, NADPH Oxidase 2 and NADPH Oxidase 4 in high glucose-induced HK-2 cells, especially GG. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that Huangkui capsule and the flavonoids components prevent tubulointerstitial fibrosis in CRF rat involvement in the action mechanism of inhibiting NADPH oxidase/ROS/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Die Cai
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Shu-Lan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Da-Wei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wei-Wei Tao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine of Brain Diseases, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xu Dong Cong
- SZYY Group Pharmaceutical Limited, Jiangyan 225500, China
| | - Renmao Tang
- SZYY Group Pharmaceutical Limited, Jiangyan 225500, China.
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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27
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Peng J, Zheng H, Wang X, Cheng Z. Upregulation of TLR4 via PKC activation contributes to impaired wound healing in high-glucose-treated kidney proximal tubular cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178147. [PMID: 28542370 PMCID: PMC5443579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) leads to a worse prognosis in diabetic patients compared with prognoses in non-diabetic patients, but whether and how diabetes affects kidney repair after AKI remains unknown. Here, we used scratch-wound healing and transwell migration models to examine whether and how wound healing is affected by high glucose levels in cultured kidney proximal tubular cells (RPTC). The results show that scratch-wound healing and transwell migration were significantly slower in high-glucose-treated kidney tubular cells (30 mM glucose) than in low-glucose-treated cells (5.5 mM). Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), MyD88, phospho-protein kinase C (PKC), phospho-p38 MAPK and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA levels were upregulated after high glucose treatments. Staurosporine, a selective PKC inhibitor, inhibited TLR4, MyD88 and p-p38 upregulation in the high-glucose-treated cells, indicating the involvement of PKC in high-glucose-induced TLR4 upregulation. The pharmacological inhibition of TLR4 or shRNA-mediated TLR4 knockdown improved wound healing and transwell migration in high-glucose-treated RPTC. In contrast, the overexpression of TLR4 in low-glucose-treated RPTC suppressed wound healing, mimicking the effects of high glucose levels. These results suggest that the upregulation of TLR4 expression via PKC activation contributes to defective wound healing in high-glucose-treated kidney tubular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Peng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Zheng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixiang Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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28
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Renoprotective Effects of Aldose Reductase Inhibitor Epalrestat against High Glucose-Induced Cellular Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5903105. [PMID: 28386557 PMCID: PMC5366186 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5903105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end stage renal disease worldwide. Increased glucose flux into the aldose reductase (AR) pathway during diabetes was reported to exert deleterious effects on the kidney. The objective of this study was to investigate the renoprotective effects of AR inhibition in high glucose milieu in vitro. Rat renal tubular (NRK-52E) cells were exposed to high glucose (30 mM) or normal glucose (5 mM) media for 24 to 48 hours with or without the AR inhibitor epalrestat (1 μM) and assessed for changes in Akt and ERK1/2 signaling, AR expression (using western blotting), and alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential (using JC-1 staining), cell viability (using MTT assay), and cell cycle. Exposure of NRK-52E cells to high glucose media caused acute activation of Akt and ERK pathways and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane at 24 hours. Prolonged high glucose exposure (for 48 hours) induced AR expression and G1 cell cycle arrest and decreased cell viability (84% compared to control) in NRK-52E cells. Coincubation of cells with epalrestat prevented the signaling changes and renal cell injury induced by high glucose. Thus, AR inhibition represents a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent DN.
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29
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Lee SY, Kang JM, Kim DJ, Park SH, Jeong HY, Lee YH, Kim YG, Yang DH, Lee SH. PGC1 α Activators Mitigate Diabetic Tubulopathy by Improving Mitochondrial Dynamics and Quality Control. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:6483572. [PMID: 28409163 PMCID: PMC5376939 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6483572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. In this study, we investigated the effect of PGC1α activators on mitochondrial fusion, fission, and autophagic quality control in renal tubular cells in a diabetic environment in vivo and in vitro. We also examined whether the upregulation of PGC1α attenuates diabetic tubulopathy by normalizing mitochondrial homeostasis. Methods. HKC8 cells were subjected to high-glucose conditions (30 mM D-glucose). Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg i.p. for 5 days) in male C57/BL6J mice. AICAR or metformin was used as a PGC1α activator. Results. Treatment with the PGC1α activators AICAR and metformin improved functional mitochondrial mass in HKC8 cells in high-glucose conditions. Moreover, in renal proximal tubular cells, increased PGC1α activity correlated with the reversal of changes in Drp1, Mfn1, and LC3-II protein expression in a high-glucose environment. Normalized mitochondrial life cycles resulted in low ROS production and reduced apoptosis. AICAR and metformin treatment effectively mitigated albuminuria and renal histopathology and decreased the expression of TGFβ1 and αSMA in the kidneys of diabetic mice. Conclusions. Our results demonstrate that increases in PGC1α activity improve diabetic tubulopathy by modulating mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Mo Kang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Hwa Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yun Jeong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ho Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Gyun Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- *Dong Ho Yang: and
| | - Sang Ho Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Sang Ho Lee:
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Pedraza-Chaverri J, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Osorio-Alonso H, Tapia E, Scholze A. New Pathogenic Concepts and Therapeutic Approaches to Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6043601. [PMID: 27429711 PMCID: PMC4939360 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6043601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease inflammatory processes and stimulation of immune cells result in overproduction of free radicals. In combination with a reduced antioxidant capacity this causes oxidative stress. This review focuses on current pathogenic concepts of oxidative stress for the decline of kidney function and development of cardiovascular complications. We discuss the impact of mitochondrial alterations and dysfunction, a pathogenic role for hyperuricemia, and disturbances of vitamin D metabolism and signal transduction. Recent antioxidant therapy options including the use of vitamin D and pharmacologic therapies for hyperuricemia are discussed. Finally, we review some new therapy options in diabetic nephropathy including antidiabetic agents (noninsulin dependent), plant antioxidants, and food components as alternative antioxidant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura G. Sánchez-Lozada
- Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology, INC Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
- Department of Nephrology, INC Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Horacio Osorio-Alonso
- Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology, INC Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
- Department of Nephrology, INC Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology, INC Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
- Department of Nephrology, INC Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Alexandra Scholze
- Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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31
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Hu C, Sun L, Xiao L, Han Y, Fu X, Xiong X, Xu X, Liu Y, Yang S, Liu F, Kanwar YS. Insights into the Mechanisms Involved in the Expression and Regulation of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Diabetic Nephropathy. Curr Med Chem 2016; 22:2858-70. [PMID: 26119175 DOI: 10.2174/0929867322666150625095407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is believed to be a major microvascular complication of diabetes. The hallmark of DN includes deposition of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) proteins, such as, collagen, laminin and fibronectin in the mesangium and renal tubulo-interstitium of the glomerulus and basement membranes. Such an increased expression of ECM leads to glomerular and tubular basement membranes thickening and increase of mesangial matrix, ultimately resulting in glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The characteristic morphologic glomerular mesangial lesion has been described as Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodule, and the process at times is referred to as diabetic nodular glomerulosclerosis. Thus, the accumulation of ECM proteins plays a critical role in the development of DN. The relevant mechanism(s) involved in the increased ECM expression and their regulation in the kidney in diabetic state has been extensively investigated and documented in the literature. Nevertheless, there are certain other mechanisms that may yet be conclusively defined. Recent studies demonstrated that some of the new signaling pathways or molecules including, Notch, Wnt, mTOR, TLRs and small GTPase may play a pivotal role in the modulation of ECM regulation and expression in DN. Such modulation could be operational for instance Notch through Notch1/Jagged1 signaling, Wnt by Wnt/β- catenin pathway and mTOR via PI3-K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. All these pathways may be critical in the modulation of ECM expression and tubulo-interstitial fibrosis. In addition, TLRs, mainly the TLR2 and TLR4, by TLR2- dependent and TGF-β-dependent conduits, may modulate ECM expression and generate a fibrogenic response. Small GTPase like Rho, Ras and Rab family by targeting relevant genes may also influence the accumulation of ECM proteins and renal fibrosis in hyperglycemic states. This review summarizes the recent information about the role and mechanisms by which these molecules and signaling pathways regulate ECM synthesis and its expression in high glucose ambience in vitro and in vivo states. The understanding of such signaling pathways and the molecules that influence expression, secretion and amassing of ECM may aid in developing strategies for the amelioration of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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Aoyama M, Kawase H, Bando YK, Monji A, Murohara T. Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibition Alleviates Shortage of Circulating Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 in Heart Failure and Mitigates Myocardial Remodeling and Apoptosis via the Exchange Protein Directly Activated by Cyclic AMP 1/Ras-Related Protein 1 Axis. Circ Heart Fail 2016; 9:e002081. [PMID: 26721911 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ample evidence demonstrates cardiovascular protection by incretin-based therapy using dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) under either diabetic or nondiabetic condition. Their action on myocardium is mediated by the cyclic AMP (cAMP) signal; however, the pathway remains uncertain. This study was conducted to address the effect of DPP4i/GLP-1/cAMP axis on cardiac dysfunction and remodeling induced by pressure overload (thoracic aortic constriction [TAC]) independently of diabetes mellitus. METHODS AND RESULTS DPP4i (alogliptin, 10 mg/kg per day for 4 weeks) prevented TAC-induced contractile dysfunction, remodeling, and apoptosis of myocardium in a GLP-1 receptor antagonist (exendin [9-39])-sensitive fashion. In TAC, circulating level of GLP-1 (in pmol/L; 0.86 ± 0.10 for TAC versus 2.13 ± 0.54 for sham control) unexpectedly declined and so did the myocardial cAMP concentration (in pmol/mg protein; 33.0 ± 1.4 for TAC versus 42.2 ± 1.5 for sham). Alogliptin restored the decline in the GLP-1/cAMP levels observed in TAC, thereby augmented cAMP signaling effectors (protein kinase A [PKA] and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1 [EPAC1]). In vitro assay revealed distinct roles of PKA and EPAC1 in cardiac apoptosis. EPAC1 promoted cardiomyocyte survival via concomitant increase in B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression and activation of small G protein Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in a cAMP dose-dependent and PKA-independent fashion. CONCLUSIONS DPP4i restores cardiac remodeling and apoptosis caused by the pathological decline in circulating GLP-1 in response to pressure overload. EPAC1 is essential for cardiomyocyte survival via the cAMP/Rap1 activation independently of PKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morihiko Aoyama
- From the Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruya Kawase
- From the Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Zhu X, Xiong X, Yuan S, Xiao L, Fu X, Yang Y, Tang C, He L, Liu F, Sun L. Validation of the interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy on the new pathological classification in patients with diabetic nephropathy: A single-center study in China. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:537-41. [PMID: 26796433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association between interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) and the clinical outcomes in diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains unclear. This study is to evaluate the clinical predictors and renal prognosis of IFTA score in patients with DN. METHODS 52 cases with DN with renal biopsy were divided into three groups according to IFTA score. The χ2 test or Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis H-test and Spearman's correlation analysis were used in this subject. Ordinal regression mode was utilized to evaluate which clinical factors might be the predictors of IFTA score. RESULTS Compared to IFTA score 1 group, the patients in score 3 were younger and have greatly lower level of eGFR and hemoglobin and higher serum creatinine (p<0.01). A close relationship between the clinical findings and IFTA was observed, such as IFTA with eGFR(r=-0.58, P<0.01), triglyceride(r=-0.29, P=0.04), Hb (r=-0.38, P<0.01), systolic blood pressure (r=0.29, P=0.04) and urinary protein level (r=0.46, P<0.01); in addition, eGFR (OR 0.31 (95%Cl -1.883 to -0.485) p=0.001) showed statistical significance with IFTA. The 5-year renal survival rate was estimated as 100% in IFTA score 0, 88.9% in score 1, 76.9% in score 2, and 20.0% in score 3. Furthermore, greatly lower level of eGFR, and higher serum creatinine and BUN in the glomerular class IV were seen (p<0.01 vs class II), with positive correlation with IFTA (r=0.51, P<0.01). CONCLUSION The renal pathologic diagnosis in IFTA score was a good predictor for renal prognosis in type II DM. eGFR might be a predictor of IFTA in patients with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaofen Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuguang Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liyu He
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fuyou Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Tin A, Grams ME, Ashar FN, Lane JA, Rosenberg AZ, Grove ML, Boerwinkle E, Selvin E, Coresh J, Pankratz N, Arking DE. Association between Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Peripheral Blood and Incident CKD in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:2467-73. [PMID: 26794963 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015060661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of CKD. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is a surrogate measure of mitochondrial function, and higher mtDNA copy number in peripheral blood has been associated with lower risk of two important risk factors for CKD progression, diabetes and microalbuminuria. We evaluated whether mtDNA copy number in peripheral blood associates with incident CKD in a population-based cohort of middle-aged adults. We estimated mtDNA copy number using 25 high-quality mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms from the Affymetrix 6.0 array. Among 9058 participants, those with higher mtDNA copy number had a lower rate of prevalent diabetes and lower C-reactive protein levels and white blood cell counts. Baseline eGFR did not differ significantly by mtDNA copy number. Over a median follow-up of 19.6 years, 1490 participants developed CKD. Higher mtDNA copy number associated with lower risk of incident CKD (highest versus lowest quartile: hazard ratio 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.56 to 0.75; P<0.001) after adjusting for age, sex, and race. After adjusting for additional risk factors of CKD, including prevalent diabetes, hypertension, C-reactive protein level, and white blood cell count, this association remained significant (highest versus lowest quartile: hazard ratio 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.64 to 0.87; P<0.001). In conclusion, higher mtDNA copy number associated with lower incidence of CKD independent of traditional risk factors and inflammation biomarker levels in this cohort. Further research on modifiable factors influencing mtDNA copy number may lead to improvement in the prevention and treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Tin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;
| | | | - Foram N Ashar
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John A Lane
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Avi Z Rosenberg
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Federick, Maryland; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and
| | - Megan L Grove
- Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Sun L, Dutta RK, Xie P, Kanwar YS. myo-Inositol Oxygenase Overexpression Accentuates Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Exacerbates Cellular Injury following High Glucose Ambience: A NEW MECHANISM RELEVANT TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:5688-5707. [PMID: 26792859 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.669952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by perturbations in metabolic/cellular signaling pathways with generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS are regarded as a common denominator of various pathways, and they inflict injury on renal glomerular cells. Recent studies indicate that tubular pathobiology also plays a role in the progression of DN. However, the mechanism(s) for how high (25 mm) glucose (HG) ambience induces tubular damage remains enigmatic. myo-Inositol oxygenase (MIOX) is a tubular enzyme that catabolizes myo-inositol to d-glucuronate via the glucuronate-xylulose (G-X) pathway. In this study, we demonstrated that G-X pathway enzymes are expressed in the kidney, and MIOX expression/bioactivity was up-regulated under HG ambience in LLC-PK1 cells, a tubular cell line. We further investigated whether MIOX overexpression leads to accentuation of tubulo-interstitial injury, as gauged by some of the parameters relevant to the progression of DN. Under HG ambience, MIOX overexpression accentuated redox imbalance, perturbed NAD(+)/NADH ratios, increased ROS generation, depleted reduced glutathione, reduced GSH/GSSG ratio, and enhanced adaptive changes in the profile of the antioxidant defense system. These changes were also accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunctions, DNA damage and induction of apoptosis, accentuated activity of profibrogenic cytokine, and expression of fibronectin, the latter two being the major hallmarks of DN. These perturbations were largely blocked by various ROS inhibitors (Mito Q, diphenyleneiodonium chloride, and N-acetylcysteine) and MIOX/NOX4 siRNA. In conclusion, this study highlights a novel mechanism where MIOX under HG ambience exacerbates renal injury during the progression of diabetic nephropathy following the generation of excessive ROS via an unexplored G-X pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- From the Department of Nephrology and Renal Institute, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China and
| | - Rajesh K Dutta
- the Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Ping Xie
- the Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Yashpal S Kanwar
- the Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611.
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Li Y, Liu Y, Shi F, Cheng L, She J. Knockdown of Rap1b Enhances Apoptosis and Autophagy in Gastric Cancer Cells via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway. Oncol Res 2016; 24:287-293. [PMID: 27712585 PMCID: PMC7838748 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14648701447779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer mortality around the world. However, the regulatory mechanisms of GC tumorigenesis and cancer cell motility are completely unknown. We investigated the role of a RAS-related protein (Rap1b) in the progression of GC. Our results showed that the expression of Rap1b is aberrantly upregulated in GC tissue samples and human GC cell lines, and the high expression of Rap1b indicated a positive correlation with poor prognosis in patients with GC. Inhibition of endogenous Rap1b dramatically reduced the cell cycle progression but strongly enhanced the apoptosis capacity of human GC cell lines MKN-28 and SGC-7901 cells compared with the control group. Western blotting assay showed that Rap1b inhibition resulted in a significant increase in the ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I, and the levels of p62 protein were decreased in both MKN-28 and SGC-7901 cells. Furthermore, PI3K/Akt/mTOR activation was found to be maintained in a low level in the normal gastric mucosal epithelial cells, while it was significantly upregulated in GC cells, which could be decreased by Rap1b inhibition. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 was enhanced but activator insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) blocked the Rap1b silencing-induced enhancement of apoptosis and autophagy in MKN-28 and SGC-7901 cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate that Rap1b expression is aberrantly increased in GC, resulting in the inhibition of autophagy and apoptosis of GC cells by the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. This might provide a new understanding and represent a novel therapeutic target for human GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Li
- *Department of Interventional Radiology, Hi-Tech People Hospital, BaoJi, China
- †Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Liu
- ‡Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Feiyu Shi
- †Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- †Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Junjun She
- †Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Wang JY, Yang JH, Xu J, Jia JY, Zhang XR, Yue XD, Chen LM, Shan CY, Zheng MY, Han F, Zhang Y, Yang XY, Chang BC. Renal tubular damage may contribute more to acute hyperglycemia induced kidney injury in non-diabetic conscious rats. J Diabetes Complications 2015; 29:621-8. [PMID: 25958122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Growing evidences suggest that acute hyperglycemia is strongly related to kidney injury. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of acute hyperglycemia on kidney glomerular and tubular impairment in non-diabetic conscious rats. METHODS Non-diabetic conscious rats were randomly subjected to 6h of saline (control group) or high glucose (acute hyperglycemia group) infusion. Blood glucose was maintained at 16.0-18.0 mmol/L in acute hyperglycemia group. Renal structure and function alterations, systemic/renal inflammation and oxidative stress markers were assessed, and apoptosis markers of renal inherent cells were evaluated. RESULTS Acute hyperglycemia caused significant injury to structure of glomerular filtration barrier, tubular epithelial cells and peritubular vascular endothelial cells. It increased urinary microalbumin (68.01 ± 27.09 μg/24h vs 33.81 ± 13.81 μg/24h , P=0.014), β2-microglobulin, Cystatin C, urinary and serous neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels (P < 0.05). Acute hyperglycemia decreased megalin and cubilin expression, activated systemic and renal oxidative stress as well as inflammation and promoted renal inherent cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Acute hyperglycemia causes significant injury to kidney function and structure. Compared with damages of glomerular filtration barrier, renal tubular injury may contribute more to acute hyperglycemia induced proteinuria. Activation of inflammation especially renal inflammation, oxidative stress and enhanced apoptosis may be the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ju-Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jun-Ya Jia
- Department of Nephropathy, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xin-Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Yue
- Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Li-Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Chun-Yan Shan
- Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Miao-Yan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Fei Han
- Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Bao-Cheng Chang
- Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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He T, Guan X, Wang S, Xiao T, Yang K, Xu X, Wang J, Zhao J. Resveratrol prevents high glucose-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in renal tubular epithelial cells by inhibiting NADPH oxidase/ROS/ERK pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 402:13-20. [PMID: 25540919 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) is reported to have renoprotective activity against diabetic nephropathy, while the mechanisms underlying its function have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigate the effect and related mechanism of RSV against high glucose-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human tubular epithelial cells (HK-2). A typical EMT is induced by high glucose in HK-2 cells, accompanied by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RSV exhibits a strong ability to inhibit high glucose-induced EMT by decreasing intracellular ROS levels via down-regulation of NADPH oxidase subunits NOX1 and NOX4. The activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) is found to be involved in high glucose-induced EMT in HK-2 cells. RSV, like NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium, can block ERK1/2 activation induced by high glucose. Our results demonstrate that RSV is a potent agent against high glucose-induced EMT in renal tubular cells via inhibition of NADPH oxidase/ROS/ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xu Guan
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury of PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Tangli Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xinli Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Junping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury of PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jinghong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
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Zhan M, Usman IM, Sun L, Kanwar YS. Disruption of renal tubular mitochondrial quality control by Myo-inositol oxygenase in diabetic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 26:1304-21. [PMID: 25270067 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014050457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury. Myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX), a tubular-specific enzyme, modulates redox imbalance and apoptosis in tubular cells in diabetes, but these mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated the role of MIOX in perturbation of mitochondrial quality control, including mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy/mitophagy, under high-glucose (HG) ambience or a diabetic state. HK-2 or LLC-PK1 cells subjected to HG exhibited an upregulation of MIOX accompanied by mitochondrial fragmentation and depolarization, inhibition of autophagy/mitophagy, and altered expression of mitochondrial dynamic and mitophagic proteins. Furthermore, dysfunctional mitochondria accumulated in the cytoplasm, which coincided with increased reactive oxygen species generation, Bax activation, cytochrome C release, and apoptosis. Overexpression of MIOX in LLC-PK1 cells enhanced the effects of HG, whereas MIOX siRNA or d-glucarate, an inhibitor of MIOX, partially reversed these perturbations. Moreover, decreasing the expression of MIOX under HG ambience increased PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 expression and the dependent mitofusin-2-Parkin interaction. In tubules of diabetic mice, increased MIOX expression and mitochondrial fragmentation and defective autophagy were observed. Dietary supplementation of d-glucarate in diabetic mice decreased MIOX expression, attenuated tubular damage, and improved renal functions. Notably, d-glucarate administration also partially attenuated mitochondrial fragmentation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis and restored autophagy/mitophagy in the tubular cells of these mice. These results suggest a novel mechanism linking MIOX to impaired mitochondrial quality control during tubular injury in the pathogenesis of DKD and suggest d-glucarate as a potential therapeutic agent for the amelioration of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhan
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Irtaza M Usman
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lin Sun
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yashpal S Kanwar
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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40
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Franko B, Brault J, Jouve T, Beaumel S, Benhamou PY, Zaoui P, Stasia MJ. Differential impact of glucose levels and advanced glycation end-products on tubular cell viability and pro-inflammatory/profibrotic functions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 451:627-31. [PMID: 25130465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High glucose (HG) or synthetic advanced glycation end-products (AGE) conditions are generally used to mimic diabetes in cellular models. Both models have shown an increase of apoptosis, oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in tubular cells. However, the impact of the two conditions combined has rarely been studied. In addition, the impact of glucose level variation due to cellular consumption is not clearly characterized in such experiments. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of HG and AGE separately and of both on tubular cell phenotype changes in the HK2 cell line. Moreover, glucose consumption was monitored every hour to maintain the glucose level by supplementation throughout the experiments. We thus observed a significant decrease of apoptosis and H2O2 production in the HK2 cell. HG or AGE treatment induced an increase of total and mitochondrial apoptosis as well as TGF-β release compared to control conditions; however, AGE or HG led to apoptosis preferentially involving the mitochondria pathway. No cumulative effect of HG and AGE treatment was observed on apoptosis. However, a pretreatment with RAGE antibodies partially abolished the apoptotic effect of HG and completely abolished the apoptotic effect of AGE. In conclusion, tubular cells are sensitive to the lack of glucose as well as to the HG and AGE treatments, the AGE effect being more deleterious than the HG effect. Absence of a potential synergistic effect of HG and AGE could indicate that they act through a common pathway, possibly via the activation of the RAGE receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Franko
- Nephrology Clinic, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble F-38043, France; TIMC/Therex Laboratory, UMR 5525 (CNRS-UJF) Faculty of Medicine, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble F-38041, France
| | - Julie Brault
- TIMC/Therex Laboratory, UMR 5525 (CNRS-UJF) Faculty of Medicine, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble F-38041, France; Chronic Granulomatous Disease Diagnosis and Research Centre (CDiReC), Pôle Biologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble F-38043, France
| | - Thomas Jouve
- Nephrology Clinic, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble F-38043, France
| | - Sylvain Beaumel
- TIMC/Therex Laboratory, UMR 5525 (CNRS-UJF) Faculty of Medicine, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble F-38041, France; Chronic Granulomatous Disease Diagnosis and Research Centre (CDiReC), Pôle Biologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble F-38043, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Benhamou
- Department of Endocrinology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble F-38043, France
| | - Philippe Zaoui
- Nephrology Clinic, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble F-38043, France
| | - Marie José Stasia
- TIMC/Therex Laboratory, UMR 5525 (CNRS-UJF) Faculty of Medicine, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble F-38041, France; Chronic Granulomatous Disease Diagnosis and Research Centre (CDiReC), Pôle Biologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble F-38043, France.
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41
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Peng J, Li X, Zhang D, Chen JK, Su Y, Smith SB, Dong Z. Hyperglycemia, p53, and mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis are involved in the susceptibility of diabetic models to ischemic acute kidney injury. Kidney Int 2014; 87:137-50. [PMID: 24963915 PMCID: PMC4276728 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney diseases, including diabetic nephropathy, are more susceptible to acute kidney injury (AKI) and have a worse prognosis following AKI. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here we tested whether diabetic mice were more sensitive to AKI and show that renal ischemia-reperfusion induced significantly more severe AKI and higher mortality in the streptozotocin and the Akita diabetic mouse models. The severity of AKI in the mice correlated with their blood glucose levels. In vitro, high glucose-conditioned renal proximal tubular cells showed higher apoptosis and caspase activation following ATP-depletion and hypoxic injury, accompanied by a heightened mitochondrial accumulation of Bax and release of cytochrome c. In response to injury, both glucose-conditioned renal proximal tubular cells and diabetic kidney tissues showed markedly higher p53 induction. Suppression of p53 diminished the sensitivity of high glucose-conditioned cells to acute injury in vitro. Moreover, blockade of p53 by pifithrin-α, siRNA, or proximal tubule-targeted gene ablation reduced ischemic AKI in diabetic mice. Insulin reduced blood glucose in diabetic mice and largely attenuated their AKI sensitivity. Thus, our results suggest the involvement of hyperglycemia, p53 and mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in the susceptibility of diabetic models to AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Peng
- 1] Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA [2] Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China [3] Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- 1] Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA [2] Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China [3] Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongshan Zhang
- 1] Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA [2] Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China [3] Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian-Kang Chen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sylvia B Smith
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zheng Dong
- 1] Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA [2] Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Perucho L, Artero-Castro A, Guerrero S, Ramón y Cajal S, LLeonart ME, Wang ZQ. RPLP1, a crucial ribosomal protein for embryonic development of the nervous system. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99956. [PMID: 24959908 PMCID: PMC4069005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal proteins are pivotal to development and tissue homeostasis. RP Large P1 (Rplp1) overexpression is associated with tumorigenesis. However, the physiological function of Rplp1 in mammalian development remains unknown. In this study, we disrupted Rplp1 in the mouse germline and central nervous system (Rplp1CNSΔ). Rplp1 heterozygosity caused body size reductions, male infertility, systemic abnormalities in various tissues and a high frequency of early postnatal death. Rplp1CNSΔ</emph> newborn mice exhibited perinatal lethality and brain atrophy with size reductions of the neocortex, midbrain and ganglionic eminence. The Rplp1 knockout neocortex exhibited progenitor cell proliferation arrest and apoptosis due to the dysregulation of key cell cycle and apoptosis regulators (cyclin A, cyclin E, p21CIP1, p27KIP1, p53). Similarly, Rplp1 deletion in pMEFs led to proliferation arrest and premature senescence. Importantly, Rplp1 deletion in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts did not alter global protein synthesis, but did change the expression patterns of specific protein subsets involved in protein folding and the unfolded protein response, cell death, protein transport and signal transduction, among others. Altogether, we demonstrated that the translation “fine-tuning” exerted by Rplp1 is essential for embryonic and brain development and for proper cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Perucho
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Ana Artero-Castro
- Oncology and Pathology Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Guerrero
- Oncology and Pathology Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Ramón y Cajal
- Oncology and Pathology Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matilde E. LLeonart
- Oncology and Pathology Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
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Higgins GC, Coughlan MT. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy: the beginning and end to diabetic nephropathy? Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:1917-42. [PMID: 24720258 PMCID: PMC3976613 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive microvascular complication arising from diabetes. Within the kidney, the glomeruli, tubules, vessels and interstitium are disrupted, ultimately impairing renal function and leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Current pharmacological therapies used in individuals with DN do not prevent the inevitable progression to ESRD; therefore, new targets of therapy are urgently required. Studies from animal models indicate that disturbances in mitochondrial homeostasis are central to the pathogenesis of DN. Since renal proximal tubule cells rely on oxidative phosphorylation to provide adequate ATP for tubular reabsorption, an impairment of mitochondrial bioenergetics can result in renal functional decline. Defects at the level of the electron transport chain have long been established in DN, promoting electron leakage and formation of superoxide radicals, mediating microinflammation and contributing to the renal lesion. More recent studies suggest that mitochondrial-associated proteins may be directly involved in the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis. An accumulation of fragmented mitochondria are found in the renal cortex in both humans and animals with DN, suggesting that in tandem with a shift in dynamics, mitochondrial clearance mechanisms may be impaired. The process of mitophagy is the selective targeting of damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria to autophagosomes for degradation through the autophagy pathway. The current review explores the concept that an impairment in the mitophagy system leads to the accelerated progression of renal pathology. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular events that govern mitophagy and dynamics in DN may lead to improved therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Higgins
- Glycation, Nutrition & Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Xiao L, Zhu X, Yang S, Liu F, Zhou Z, Zhan M, Xie P, Zhang D, Li J, Song P, Kanwar YS, Sun L. Rap1 ameliorates renal tubular injury in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 2014; 63:1366-80. [PMID: 24353183 PMCID: PMC3964498 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rap1b ameliorates high glucose (HG)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in tubular cells. However, its role and precise mechanism in diabetic nephropathy (DN) in vivo remain unclear. We hypothesize that Rap1 plays a protective role in tubular damage of DN by modulating primarily the mitochondria-derived oxidative stress. The role and precise mechanisms of Rap1b on mitochondrial dysfunction and of tubular cells in DN were examined in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes that have Rap1b gene transfer using an ultrasound microbubble-mediated technique as well as in renal proximal epithelial tubular cell line (HK-2) exposed to HG ambiance. The results showed that Rap1b expression decreased significantly in tubules of renal biopsies from patients with DN. Overexpression of a constitutively active Rap1b G12V notably ameliorated renal tubular mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the kidneys of STZ-induced rats, which was accompanied with increased expression of transcription factor C/EBP-β and PGC-1α. Furthermore, Rap1b G12V also decreased phosphorylation of Drp-1, a key mitochondrial fission protein, while boosting the expression of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidants in HK-2 cells induced by HG. These effects were imitated by transfection with C/EBP-β or PGC-1α short interfering RNA. In addition, Rap1b could modulate C/EBP-β binding to the endogenous PGC-1α promoter and the interaction between PGC-1α and catalase or mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, indicating that Rap1b ameliorates tubular injury and slows the progression of DN by modulation of mitochondrial dysfunction via C/EBP-β-PGC-1α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuejing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shikun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fuyou Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Diabetes Center, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhan
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Dongshan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Panai Song
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yashpal S. Kanwar
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Corresponding author: Lin Sun,
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45
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Xie P, Joladarashi D, Dudeja P, Sun L, Kanwar YS. Modulation of angiotensin II-induced inflammatory cytokines by the Epac1-Rap1A-NHE3 pathway: implications in renal tubular pathobiology. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 306:F1260-74. [PMID: 24553435 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00069.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides the glomerulus, the tubulointerstitium is often concomitantly affected in certain diseases, e.g., diabetic nephropathy, and activation of the renin-angiotensin system, to a certain extent, worsens its outcome because of perturbations in hemodynamics and possibly tubuloglomerular feedback. Certain studies suggest that pathobiology of the tubulointerstitium is influenced by small GTPases, e.g., Rap1. We investigated the effect of ANG II on inflammatory cytokines, while at the same time focusing on upstream effector of Rap1, i.e., Epac1, and some of the downstream tubular transport molecules, i.e., Na/H exchanger 3 (NHE3). ANG II treatment of LLC-PK1 cells decreased Rap1a GTPase activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner. ANG II treatment led to an increased membrane translocation of NHE3, which was reduced with Epac1 and PKA activators. ANG II-induced NHE3 translocation was notably reduced with the transfection of Rap1a dominant positive mutants, i.e., Rap1a-G12V or Rap1a-T35A. Transfection of cells with dominant negative Rap1a mutants, i.e., Rap1a-S17A, or Epac1 mutant, i.e., EPAC-ΔcAMP, normalized ANG II-induced translocation of NHE3. In addition, ANG II treatment led to an increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, i.e., IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, which was reduced with Rap1a-G12V or Rap1a-T35A transfection, while it reverted to previous comparable levels following transfection of Rap1a-S17A or EPAC-ΔcAMP. ANG II-induced expression of cytokines was reduced with the treatment with NHE3 inhibitor S3226 or with Epac1 and PKA activators. These data suggest that this novel Epac1-Rap1a-NHE3 pathway conceivably modulates ANG II-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines, and this information may yield the impetus for developing strategies to reduce tubulointertstitial inflammation in various renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xie
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | | | - Pradeep Dudeja
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lin Sun
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Yashpal S Kanwar
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and
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Wei J, Shi Y, Hou Y, Ren Y, Du C, Zhang L, Li Y, Duan H. Knockdown of thioredoxin-interacting protein ameliorates high glucose-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in renal tubular epithelial cells. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2788-96. [PMID: 24041652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tubular cells contributes to the renal accumulation of matrix protein that is associated with diabetic nephropathy. Both high glucose and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) are able to induce EMT in cell culture. In this study, we examined the role of the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) on EMT induced by high glucose or TGF-β1 in HK-2 cells. EMT was assessed by the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and E-cadherin and the induction of a myofibroblastic phenotype. High glucose (30mM) was shown to induce EMT at 72h. This was blocked by knockdown of TXNIP or antioxidant NAC. Meanwhile, we also found that knockdown of TXNIP or antioxidant NAC inhibited high glucose-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 and expression of TGF-β1. HK-2 cells that were exposed to TGF-β1 (4ng/ml) also underwent EMT. The expression of TXNIP gene and protein was increased in HK-2 cells treated with TGF-β1. Transfection with TXNIP shRNA was able to attenuate TGF-β1 induced-EMT. These results suggested that knockdown of TXNIP antagonized high glucose-induced EMT by inhibiting ROS production, activation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2, and expression of TGF-β1, highlighting TXNIP as a potential therapy target for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Wei
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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Gao F, Yao M, Shi Y, Hao J, Ren Y, Liu Q, Wang X, Duan H. Notch pathway is involved in high glucose-induced apoptosis in podocytes via Bcl-2 and p53 pathways. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:1029-38. [PMID: 23129176 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that Notch pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN), however, the exact mechanisms remain elusive. Here we demonstrated that high glucose (HG) upregulated Notch pathway in podocytes accompanied with the alteration of Bcl-2 and p53 pathways, subsequently leading to podocytes apoptosis. Inhibition of Notch pathway by chemical inhibitor or specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) vector in podocytes prevented Bcl-2- and p53-dependent cell apoptosis. These findings suggest that Notch pathway mediates HG-induced podocytes apoptosis via Bcl-2 and p53 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
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48
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Yang SK, Xiao L, Li J, Liu F, Sun L, Kanwar YS. Role of guanine-nucleotide exchange factor Epac in renal physiology and pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 304:F831-9. [PMID: 23364803 PMCID: PMC3625846 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00711.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP [Epac(s)] were discovered more than a decade ago as new sensors for the second messenger cAMP. The Epac family members, including Epac1 and Epac2, are guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the Ras-like small GTPases Rap1 and Rap2, and they function independently of protein kinase A. Given the importance of cAMP in kidney homeostasis, several molecular and cellular studies using specific Epac agonists have analyzed the role and regulation of Epac proteins in renal physiology and pathophysiology. The specificity of the functions of Epac proteins may depend upon their expression and localization in the kidney as well as their abundance in the microcellular environment. This review discusses recent literature data concerning the involvement of Epac in renal tubular transport physiology and renal glomerular cells where various signaling pathways are known to be operative. In addition, the potential role of Epac in kidney disorders, such as diabetic kidney disease and ischemic kidney injury, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-kun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Kidney Institute of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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49
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Zhan M, Brooks C, Liu F, Sun L, Dong Z. Mitochondrial dynamics: regulatory mechanisms and emerging role in renal pathophysiology. Kidney Int 2013; 83:568-81. [PMID: 23325082 PMCID: PMC3612360 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are a class of dynamic organelles that constantly undergo fission and fusion. Mitochondrial dynamics is governed by a complex molecular machinery and finely tuned by regulatory proteins. During cell injury or stress, the dynamics is shifted to fission, resulting in mitochondrial fragmentation, which contributes to mitochondrial damage and consequent cell injury and death. Emerging evidence has suggested a role of mitochondrial fragmentation in the pathogenesis of renal diseases including acute kidney injury and diabetic nephropathy. A better understanding of the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and its pathogenic changes may unveil novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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50
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Sato-Horiguchi C, Ogawa D, Wada J, Tachibana H, Kodera R, Eguchi J, Nakatsuka A, Terami N, Shikata K, Makino H. Telmisartan attenuates diabetic nephropathy by suppressing oxidative stress in db/db mice. Nephron Clin Pract 2013; 121:e97-e108. [PMID: 23307263 DOI: 10.1159/000343102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, is widely used to treat hypertension and kidney diseases, including diabetic nephropathy, because of its renoprotective effects. However, the mechanism by which telmisartan prevents proteinuria and renal dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy is still unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of telmisartan against diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice. METHODS Telmisartan was administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks to db/db (diabetic) and db/m (control) mice. Urinary albumin excretion, renal histology, and the gene expression of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in renal tissue were determined. To evaluate the effects of telmisartan on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, superoxide was detected by dihydroethidium (DHE) staining in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Telmisartan reduced albuminuria, mesangial matrix expansion, macrophage infiltration, and the expression of ROS markers (NADPH oxidase 4- and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine) and inflammatory cytokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, osteopontin, and transforming growth factor-β) in the kidney. DHE staining showed that telmisartan decreased ROS generation in the kidney and in cultured mesangial and proximal tubular epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings indicate that telmisartan protects against diabetic nephropathy by reducing diabetes-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikage Sato-Horiguchi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
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