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Jash R, Maparu K, Seksaria S, Das S. Decrypting the Pathological Pathways in IgA Nephropathy. RECENT ADVANCES IN INFLAMMATION & ALLERGY DRUG DISCOVERY 2024; 18:43-56. [PMID: 37870060 DOI: 10.2174/0127722708275167231011102924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
IgAN is the most common form of glomerulonephritis affecting 2000000 people annually. The disease ultimately progresses to chronic renal failure and ESRD. In this article, we focused on a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and thus identifying different target proteins that could be essential in therapeutic approaches in the management of the disease. Aberrantly glycosylated IgA1 produced by the suppression of the enzyme β-1, 3 galactosyltransferase ultimately triggered the formation of IgG autoantibodies which form complexes with Gd-IgA1. The complex gets circulated through the blood vessels through monocytes and ultimately gets deposited in the glomerular mesangial cells via CD71 receptors present locally. This complex triggers the inflammatory pathways activating the alternate complement system, various types of T Cells, toll-like receptors, cytokines, and chemokines ultimately recruiting the phagocytic cells to eliminate the Gd-IgA complex. The inflammatory proteins cause severe mesangial and podocyte damage in the kidney which ultimately initiates the repair process following chronic inflammation by an important protein named TGFβ1. TGF β1 is an important protein produced during chronic inflammation mediating the repair process via various downstream transduction proteins and ultimately producing fibrotic proteins which help in the repair process but permanently damage the glomerular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Jash
- Department of Pharmacology, Sanaka Educational Trust's Group Of Institutions, Malandighi, Durgapur, 713212, West Bengal, India
- Department of Pharmacy, JIS University, Kolkata, 700109, West Bengal, India
| | - Kousik Maparu
- Department of Pharmacology, Sanaka Educational Trust's Group Of Institutions, Malandighi, Durgapur, 713212, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanket Seksaria
- Department of Pharmacology, Sanaka Educational Trust's Group Of Institutions, Malandighi, Durgapur, 713212, West Bengal, India
| | - Saptarshi Das
- Department of Pharmacy, JIS University, Kolkata, 700109, West Bengal, India
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2
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Wang R, Jia J, Zhou L, Zhu X, Tang Z, Shen H, Qiao Y, Nan G, Yang Z, Ma W. miR-758-3p/ILK signaling modulated angiogenesis by regulating VEGFA in wound healing. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:175-187. [PMID: 38164357 PMCID: PMC10750343 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.86733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds cause physical, psychological and economic damage to patients, while therapeutic choices are limited. ILK was reported to play key roles in both fibrosis and angiogenesis, which are two important factors during wound healing. However, the function of ILK during vascularization in wounds remains unclear. In our study, we found increased ILK expression in chronic wound tissues compared to adjacent tissue, as well as a positive relationship between ILK expression and microvessel density. Moreover, fibroblasts overexpressing ILK showed an enhanced ability to promote HUVEC migration and tube formation, during which PI3K/Akt, downstream of ILK, played key roles and VEGFA was the key cytokine. Considering the important function of ILK in wound healing and the lack of an ILK activator, we investigated microRNAs targeting ILK and found that miR-758-3p could target ILK to regulate its transcription. The inhibition of miR-758-3p increased ILK expression and sequentially upregulated VEGFA and activated angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, these results revealed that ILK played a key role in wound healing by regulating angiogenesis and that activating ILK by inhibiting miR-758-3p was an effective way to promote wound healing. Whether miR-758-3p/ILK signaling can be utilized as a therapeutic target for wound healing requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Plastic, Cosmetic and Maxillofacial, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Department of Plastic, Cosmetic and Maxillofacial, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Plastic, Cosmetic and Maxillofacial, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinxi Zhu
- Department of Plastic, Cosmetic and Maxillofacial, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhishui Tang
- Department of Plastic, Cosmetic and Maxillofacial, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hailong Shen
- Department of Plastic, Cosmetic and Maxillofacial, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of stomatology, Jingbian county People's Hospital, Yulin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yifan Qiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gengrui Nan
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuangqun Yang
- Department of Plastic, Cosmetic and Maxillofacial, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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3
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Nørregaard R, Mutsaers HAM, Frøkiær J, Kwon TH. Obstructive nephropathy and molecular pathophysiology of renal interstitial fibrosis. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2827-2872. [PMID: 37440209 PMCID: PMC10642920 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00027.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidneys play a key role in maintaining total body homeostasis. The complexity of this task is reflected in the unique architecture of the organ. Ureteral obstruction greatly affects renal physiology by altering hemodynamics, changing glomerular filtration and renal metabolism, and inducing architectural malformations of the kidney parenchyma, most importantly renal fibrosis. Persisting pathological changes lead to chronic kidney disease, which currently affects ∼10% of the global population and is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Studies on the consequences of ureteral obstruction date back to the 1800s. Even today, experimental unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) remains the standard model for tubulointerstitial fibrosis. However, the model has certain limitations when it comes to studying tubular injury and repair, as well as a limited potential for human translation. Nevertheless, ureteral obstruction has provided the scientific community with a wealth of knowledge on renal (patho)physiology. With the introduction of advanced omics techniques, the classical UUO model has remained relevant to this day and has been instrumental in understanding renal fibrosis at the molecular, genomic, and cellular levels. This review details key concepts and recent advances in the understanding of obstructive nephropathy, highlighting the pathophysiological hallmarks responsible for the functional and architectural changes induced by ureteral obstruction, with a special emphasis on renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Nørregaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jørgen Frøkiær
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tae-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
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Yamamura Y, Sakai N, Iwata Y, Lagares D, Hara A, Kitajima S, Toyama T, Miyagawa T, Ogura H, Sato K, Oshima M, Nakagawa S, Tamai A, Horikoshi K, Matsuno T, Yamamoto N, Hayashi D, Toyota Y, Kaikoi D, Shimizu M, Tager AM, Wada T. Myocardin-related transcription factor contributes to renal fibrosis through the regulation of extracellular microenvironment surrounding fibroblasts. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23005. [PMID: 37289107 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201870r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast accumulation and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition are common critical steps for the progression of organ fibrosis, but the precise molecular mechanisms remain to be fully investigated. We have previously demonstrated that lysophosphatidic acid contributes to organ fibrosis through the production of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) via actin cytoskeleton-dependent signaling, myocardin-related transcription factor family (MRTF) consisting of MRTF-A and MRTF-B-serum response factor (SRF) pathway. In this study, we investigated the role of the MRTF-SRF pathway in the development of renal fibrosis, focusing on the regulation of ECM-focal adhesions (FA) in renal fibroblasts. Here we showed that both MRTF-A and -B were required for the expressions of ECM-related molecules such as lysyl oxidase family members, type I procollagen and fibronectin in response to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 . TGF-β1 -MRTF-SRF pathway induced the expressions of various components of FA such as integrin α subunits (αv , α2 , α11 ) and β subunits (β1 , β3 , β5 ) as well as integrin-linked kinase (ILK). On the other hand, the blockade of ILK suppressed TGF-β1 -induced MRTF-SRF transcriptional activity, indicating a mutual relationship between MRTF-SRF and FA. Myofibroblast differentiation along with CTGF expression was also dependent on MRTF-SRF and FA components. Finally, global MRTF-A deficient and inducible fibroblast-specific MRTF-B deficient mice (MRTF-AKO BiFBKO mice) are protected from renal fibrosis with adenine administration. Renal expressions of ECM-FA components and CTGF as well as myofibroblast accumulation were suppressed in MRTF-AKO BiFBKO mice. These results suggest that the MRTF-SRF pathway might be a therapeutic target for renal fibrosis through the regulation of components forming ECM-FA in fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yamamura
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sakai
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Division of Blood Purification, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Iwata
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Division of Infection Control, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - David Lagares
- Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Akinori Hara
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Kitajima
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Division of Infection Control, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tadashi Toyama
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Taro Miyagawa
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Ogura
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Megumi Oshima
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shiori Nakagawa
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akira Tamai
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Horikoshi
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsuno
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Daiki Hayashi
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshitada Toyota
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Daichi Kaikoi
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Miho Shimizu
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Andrew M Tager
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Takashi Wada
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Zubrzycka A, Migdalska-Sęk M, Jędrzejczyk S, Brzeziańska-Lasota E. The Expression of TGF-β1, SMAD3, ILK and miRNA-21 in the Ectopic and Eutopic Endometrium of Women with Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032453. [PMID: 36768775 PMCID: PMC9917033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathogenesis of endometriosis has been associated with pathological alterations of protein expression via disturbances in homeostatic genes, miRNA expression profiles, and signaling pathways that play an essential role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. TGF-β1 has been hypothesized to play a key role in the development and progression of endometriosis, but the activation of a specific mechanism via the TGF-β-SMAD-ILK axis in the formation of endometriotic lesions is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of EMT markers (TGF-β1, SMAD3, ILK) and miR-21 in ectopic endometrium (ECE), in its eutopic (EUE) counterpart, and in the endometrium of healthy women. The expression level of the tested genes and miRNA was also evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in women with and without endometriosis. Fifty-four patients (n = 54; with endometriosis, n = 29, and without endometriosis, n = 25) were enrolled in the study. The expression levels (RQ) of the studied genes and miRNA were evaluated using qPCR. Endometriosis patients manifested higher TGF-β1, SMAD3, and ILK expression levels in the eutopic endometrium and a decreased expression level in the ectopic lesions in relation to control tissue. Compared to the endometrium of healthy participants, miR-21 expression levels did not change in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis, but the RQ was higher in their endometrial implants. In PBMC, negative correlations were found between the expression level of miR-21 and the studied genes, with the strongest statistically significant correlation observed between miR-21 and TGF-β1. Our results suggest the loss of the endometrial epithelial phenotype defined by the differential expression of the TGF-β1, SMAD3 and ILK genes in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium. We concluded that the TGF-β1-SMAD3-ILK signaling pathway, probably via a mechanism related to the EMT, may be important in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. We also identified miR-21 as a possible inhibitor of this TGF-β1-SMAD3-ILK axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zubrzycka
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
- Operative and Conservative Gynecology Ward, Dr K. Jonscher Municipal Medical Centre, 93-113 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Monika Migdalska-Sęk
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Sławomir Jędrzejczyk
- Operative and Conservative Gynecology Ward, Dr K. Jonscher Municipal Medical Centre, 93-113 Lodz, Poland
- Institute of Medical Expertises, 91-205 Lodz, Poland
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Cao Y, Lin JH, Hammes HP, Zhang C. Cellular phenotypic transitions in diabetic nephropathy: An update. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1038073. [PMID: 36408221 PMCID: PMC9666367 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1038073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes and is the most common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal fibrosis is the final pathological change in DN. It is widely believed that cellular phenotypic switching is the cause of renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Several types of kidney cells undergo activation and differentiation and become reprogrammed to express markers of mesenchymal cells or podocyte-like cells. However, the development of targeted therapy for DN has not yet been identified. Here, we discussed the pathophysiologic changes of DN and delineated the possible origins that contribute to myofibroblasts and podocytes through phenotypic transitions. We also highlight the molecular signaling pathways involved in the phenotypic transition, which would provide valuable information for the activation of phenotypic switching and designing effective therapies for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Hong Lin
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wicik Z, Nowak A, Jarosz-Popek J, Wolska M, Eyileten C, Siller-Matula JM, von Lewinski D, Sourij H, Filipiak KJ, Postuła M. Characterization of the SGLT2 Interaction Network and Its Regulation by SGLT2 Inhibitors: A Bioinformatic Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:901340. [PMID: 36046822 PMCID: PMC9421436 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.901340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), also known as solute carrier family 5 member 2 (SLC5A2), is a promising target for a new class of drugs primarily established as kidney-targeting, effective glucose-lowering agents used in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Increasing evidence indicates that besides renal effects, SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have also a systemic impact via indirectly targeting the heart and other tissues. Our hypothesis states that the pleiotropic effects of SGLT2i are associated with their binding force, location of targets in the SGLT2 networks, targets involvement in signaling pathways, and their tissue-specific expression. Methods: Thus, to investigate differences in SGLT2i impact on human organisms, we re-created the SGLT2 interaction network incorporating its inhibitors and metformin and analyzed its tissue-specific expression using publicly available datasets. We analyzed it in the context of the so-called key terms ( autophagy, oxidative stress, aging, senescence, inflammation, AMPK pathways, and mTOR pathways) which seem to be crucial to elucidating the SGLT2 role in a variety of clinical manifestations. Results: Analysis of SGLT2 and its network components’ expression confidence identified selected organs in the following order: kidney, liver, adipose tissue, blood, heart, muscle, intestine, brain, and artery according to the TISSUES database. Drug repurposing analysis of known SGLT2i pointed out the influence of SGLT1 regulators on the heart and intestine tissue. Additionally, dapagliflozin seems to also have a stronger impact on brain tissue through the regulation of SGLT3 and SLC5A11. The shortest path analysis identified interaction SIRT1-SGLT2 among the top five interactions across six from seven analyzed networks associated with the key terms. Other top first-level SGLT2 interactors associated with key terms were not only ADIPOQ, INS, GLUT4, ACE, and GLUT1 but also less recognized ILK and ADCY7. Among other interactors which appeared in multiple shortest-path analyses were GPT, COG2, and MGAM. Enrichment analysis of SGLT2 network components showed the highest overrepresentation of hypertensive disease, DM-related diseases for both levels of SGLT2 interactors. Additionally, for the extended SGLT2 network, we observed enrichment in obesity (including SGLT1), cancer-related terms, neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, and neutrophil-mediated immunity. Conclusion: This study provides comprehensive and ranked information about the SGLT2 interaction network in the context of tissue expression and can help to predict the clinical effects of the SGLT2i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Wicik
- Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Nowak
- Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Jarosz-Popek
- Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Wolska
- Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ceren Eyileten
- Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Genomics Core Facility, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta M. Siller-Matula
- Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dirk von Lewinski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Sourij
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Marek Postuła
- Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Marek Postuła,
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8
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Górska A, Mazur AJ. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK): the known vs. the unknown and perspectives. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:100. [PMID: 35089438 PMCID: PMC8799556 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a multifunctional molecular actor in cell-matrix interactions, cell adhesion, and anchorage-dependent cell growth. It combines functions of a signal transductor and a scaffold protein through its interaction with integrins, then facilitating further protein recruitment within the ILK-PINCH-Parvin complex. ILK is involved in crucial cellular processes including proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, which reflects on systemic changes in the kidney, heart, muscle, skin, and vascular system, also during the embryonal development. Dysfunction of ILK underlies the pathogenesis of various diseases, including the pro-oncogenic activity in tumorigenesis. ILK localizes mostly to the cell membrane and remains an important component of focal adhesion. We do know much about ILK but a lot still remains either uncovered or unclear. Although it was initially classified as a serine/threonine-protein kinase, its catalytical activity is now questioned due to structural and functional issues, leaving the exact molecular mechanism of signal transduction by ILK unsolved. While it is known that the three isoforms of ILK vary in length, the presence of crucial domains, and modification sites, most of the research tends to focus on the main isoform of this protein while the issue of functional differences of ILK2 and ILK3 still awaits clarification. The activity of ILK is regulated on the transcriptional, protein, and post-transcriptional levels. The crucial role of phosphorylation and ubiquitylation has been investigated, but the functions of the vast majority of modifications are still unknown. In the light of all those open issues, here we present an extensive literature survey covering a wide spectrum of latest findings as well as a past-to-present view on controversies regarding ILK, finishing with pointing out some open questions to be resolved by further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Górska
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Antonina Joanna Mazur
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
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Interplay between extracellular matrix components and cellular and molecular mechanisms in kidney fibrosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1999-2029. [PMID: 34427291 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by pathological accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in renal structures. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is observed in glomerular diseases as well as in the regeneration failure of acute kidney injury (AKI). Therefore, finding antifibrotic therapies comprises an intensive research field in Nephrology. Nowadays, ECM is not only considered as a cellular scaffold, but also exerts important cellular functions. In this review, we describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in kidney fibrosis, paying particular attention to ECM components, profibrotic factors and cell-matrix interactions. In response to kidney damage, activation of glomerular and/or tubular cells may induce aberrant phenotypes characterized by overproduction of proinflammatory and profibrotic factors, and thus contribute to CKD progression. Among ECM components, matricellular proteins can regulate cell-ECM interactions, as well as cellular phenotype changes. Regarding kidney fibrosis, one of the most studied matricellular proteins is cellular communication network-2 (CCN2), also called connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), currently considered as a fibrotic marker and a potential therapeutic target. Integrins connect the ECM proteins to the actin cytoskeleton and several downstream signaling pathways that enable cells to respond to external stimuli in a coordinated manner and maintain optimal tissue stiffness. In kidney fibrosis, there is an increase in ECM deposition, lower ECM degradation and ECM proteins cross-linking, leading to an alteration in the tissue mechanical properties and their responses to injurious stimuli. A better understanding of these complex cellular and molecular events could help us to improve the antifibrotic therapies for CKD.
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10
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Wang X, Chen J, Xu J, Xie J, Harris DCH, Zheng G. The Role of Macrophages in Kidney Fibrosis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:705838. [PMID: 34421643 PMCID: PMC8378534 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.705838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenotypic heterogeneity and functional diversity of macrophages confer on them complexed roles in the development and progression of kidney diseases. After kidney injury, bone marrow-derived monocytes are rapidly recruited to the glomerulus and tubulointerstitium. They are activated and differentiated on site into pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, which initiate Th1-type adaptive immune responses and damage normal tissues. In contrast, anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages induce Th2-type immune responses, secrete large amounts of TGF-β and anti-inflammatory cytokines, transform into αSMA+ myofibroblasts in injured kidney, inhibit immune responses, and promote wound healing and tissue fibrosis. Previous studies on the role of macrophages in kidney fibrosis were mainly focused on inflammation-associated injury and injury repair. Apart from macrophage-secreted profibrotic cytokines, such as TGF-β, evidence for a direct contribution of macrophages to kidney fibrosis is lacking. However, under inflammatory conditions, Wnt ligands are derived mainly from macrophages and Wnt signaling is central in the network of multiple profibrotic pathways. Largely underinvestigated are the direct contribution of macrophages to profibrotic signaling pathways, macrophage phenotypic heterogeneity and functional diversity in relation to kidney fibrosis, and on their cross-talk with other cells in profibrotic signaling networks that cause fibrosis. Here we aim to provide an overview on the roles of macrophage phenotypic and functional diversity in their contribution to pro-fibrotic signaling pathways, and on the therapeutic potential of targeting macrophages for the treatment of kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - David C. H. Harris
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Guoping Zheng
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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11
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Zhang G, Xue C, Zeng Y. β-elemene alleviates airway stenosis via the ILK/Akt pathway modulated by MIR143HG sponging miR-1275. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:28. [PMID: 34118875 PMCID: PMC8199800 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously found that β-elemene could inhibit the viability of airway granulation fibroblasts and prevent airway hyperplastic stenosis. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism and protective efficacy of β-elemene in vitro and in vivo. Methods Microarray and bioinformatic analysis were used to identify altered pathways related to cell viability in a β-elemene-treated primary cell model and to construct a β-elemene-altered ceRNA network modulating the target pathway. Loss of function and gain of function approaches were performed to examine the role of the ceRNA axis in β-elemene's regulation of the target pathway and cell viability. Additionally, in a β-elemene-treated rabbit model of airway stenosis, endoscopic and histological examinations were used to evaluate its therapeutic efficacy and further verify its mechanism of action. Results The hyperactive ILK/Akt pathway and dysregulated LncRNA-MIR143HG, which acted as a miR-1275 ceRNA to modulate ILK expression, were suppressed in β-elemene-treated airway granulation fibroblasts; β-elemene suppressed the ILK/Akt pathway via the MIR143HG/miR-1275/ILK axis. Additionally, the cell cycle and apoptotic phenotypes of granulation fibroblasts were altered, consistent with ILK/Akt pathway activity. In vivo application of β-elemene attenuated airway granulation hyperplasia and alleviated scar stricture, and histological detections suggested that β-elemene's effects on the MIR143HG/miR-1275/ILK axis and ILK/Akt pathway were in line with in vitro findings. Conclusions MIR143HG and ILK may act as ceRNA to sponge miR-1275. The MIR143HG/miR-1275/ILK axis mediates β-elemene-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of airway granulation fibroblasts by modulating the ILK/Akt pathway, thereby inhibiting airway granulation proliferation and ultimately alleviating airway stenosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11658-021-00261-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhongshan North Road No.34, Licheng District, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Cheng Xue
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhongshan North Road No.34, Licheng District, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhongshan North Road No.34, Licheng District, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
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12
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Collagen I Modifies Connexin-43 Hemichannel Activity via Integrin α2β1 Binding in TGFβ1-Evoked Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073644. [PMID: 33807408 PMCID: PMC8038016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is associated with sustained inflammation and progressive fibrosis, changes that have been linked to altered connexin hemichannel-mediated release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Kidney fibrosis develops in response to increased deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), and up-regulation of collagen I is an early marker of renal disease. With ECM remodeling known to promote a loss of epithelial stability, in the current study we used a clonal human kidney (HK2) model of proximal tubular epithelial cells to determine if collagen I modulates changes in cell function, via connexin-43 (Cx43) hemichannel ATP release. HK2 cells were cultured on collagen I and treated with the beta 1 isoform of the pro-fibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor (TGFβ1) ± the Cx43 mimetic Peptide 5 and/or an anti-integrin α2β1 neutralizing antibody. Phase microscopy and immunocytochemistry observed changes in cell morphology and cytoskeletal reorganization, whilst immunoblotting and ELISA identified changes in protein expression and secretion. Carboxyfluorescein dye uptake and biosensing measured hemichannel activity and ATP release. A Cytoselect extracellular matrix adhesion assay assessed changes in cell-substrate interactions. Collagen I and TGFβ1 synergistically evoked increased hemichannel activity and ATP release. This was paralleled by changes to markers of tubular injury, partly mediated by integrin α2β1/integrin-like kinase signaling. The co-incubation of the hemichannel blocker Peptide 5, reduced collagen I/TGFβ1 induced alterations and inhibited a positive feedforward loop between Cx43/ATP release/collagen I. This study highlights a role for collagen I in regulating connexin-mediated hemichannel activity through integrin α2β1 signaling, ahead of establishing Peptide 5 as a potential intervention.
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Squires PE, Price GW, Mouritzen U, Potter JA, Williams BM, Hills CE. Danegaptide Prevents TGFβ1-Induced Damage in Human Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells of the Kidney. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2809. [PMID: 33802083 PMCID: PMC7999212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem associated with a number of comorbidities. Recent evidence implicates increased hemichannel-mediated release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis, the main underlying pathology of CKD. Here, we evaluate the effect of danegaptide on blocking hemichannel-mediated changes in the expression and function of proteins associated with disease progression in tubular epithelial kidney cells. Primary human proximal tubule epithelial cells (hPTECs) were treated with the beta1 isoform of the pro-fibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor (TGFβ1) ± danegaptide. qRT-PCR and immunoblotting confirmed mRNA and protein expression, whilst a cytokine antibody array assessed the expression/secretion of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines. Carboxyfluorescein dye uptake and ATP biosensing measured hemichannel activity and ATP release, whilst transepithelial electrical resistance was used to assess paracellular permeability. Danegaptide negated carboxyfluorescein dye uptake and ATP release and protected against protein changes associated with tubular injury. Blocking Cx43-mediated ATP release was paralleled by partial restoration of the expression of cell cycle inhibitors, adherens and tight junction proteins and decreased paracellular permeability. Furthermore, danegaptide inhibited TGFβ1-induced changes in the expression and secretion of key adipokines, cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and interleukins. The data suggest that as a gap junction modulator and hemichannel blocker, danegaptide has potential in the future treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. Squires
- School of Life Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK; (P.E.S.); (G.W.P.); (J.A.P.); (B.M.W.)
| | - Gareth W. Price
- School of Life Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK; (P.E.S.); (G.W.P.); (J.A.P.); (B.M.W.)
| | - Ulrik Mouritzen
- Ciana Therapeutics, Ved Hegnet 2, 2960 Rungsted Kyst, Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Joe A. Potter
- School of Life Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK; (P.E.S.); (G.W.P.); (J.A.P.); (B.M.W.)
| | - Bethany M. Williams
- School of Life Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK; (P.E.S.); (G.W.P.); (J.A.P.); (B.M.W.)
| | - Claire E. Hills
- School of Life Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK; (P.E.S.); (G.W.P.); (J.A.P.); (B.M.W.)
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14
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Jin Q, Jin X, Liu T, Lu X, Wang G, He N. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 8 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition to promote the invasion of colon cancer cells via TGF-β/Smad2/3 signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13058-13069. [PMID: 32954649 PMCID: PMC7701584 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 8 (ADAM8) protein is a multi‐domain transmembrane glycoprotein which involves in extracellular matrix remodelling, cell adhesion, invasion and migration. ADAM8 and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) play an important role in tumour invasion has been well established. However, the interaction between ADAM8 and EMT has remained unclear. The data of colon cancer patients obtained from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and GTEx (Genotype‐Tissue Expression Project) were analysed by the bioinformatics research method. The expression of ADAM8 in colon cancer cells was up‐regulated and down‐regulated by transfecting with the expression plasmid and small interfering RNA, respectively. Transwell invasion assay, immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, Western blotting and qRT‐PCR were utilized to study the effect of ADAM8 on colon cancer cell's EMT and its related mechanisms. Analysis of TCGA and GTEx data revealed that ADAM8 was linked to poor overall survival in colon cancer patients. Besides, ADAM8 was correlated with multiple EMT biomarkers (E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, Vimentin, Snail2 and ZEB2). In vitro, we also proved that the up‐regulation of ADAM8 could promote EMT effect and enhance the invasive ability of colon cancer cells. On the contrary, the down‐regulation of ADAM8 in colon cancer cells attenuated these effects above. Further studies suggested that ADAM8 modulated EMT on colon cancer cells through TGF‐β/Smad2/3 signalling pathway. Our research suggested that ADAM8 could be a potential biomarker for the prognosis of colon cancer and induced EMT to promote the invasion of colon cancer cells via activating TGF‐β/Smad2/3 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianna Jin
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoming Lu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan He
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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15
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Xie S, Su J, Lu A, Lai Y, Mo S, Pu M, Yang T. Soluble (pro)renin receptor promotes the fibrotic response in renal proximal tubule epithelial cells in vitro via the Akt/β-catenin/Snail signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F941-F953. [PMID: 32865015 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00197.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis has been regarded as a critical event in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease. The soluble form of (pro)renin receptor (sPRR), generated by site-1 protease (S1P) cleavage of full-length PRR, can be detected in biological fluid and elevated under certain pathological conditions. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential role of sPRR in the regulation of the fibrotic response in a cultured human renal proximal tubular cell line (HK-2 cells) in the setting of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β or sPRR-His treatment. The TGF-β-induced fibrotic response of HK-2 cells was indicated by upregulation of fibronectin (FN) expression; meanwhile, TGF-β could also induce the generation of sPRR, due to enhanced cleavage of full-length PRR. To explore the role of sPRR in the fibrotic response of HK-2 cells, we blocked the production of sPRR with a the S1P inhibitor PF429242 and found that PF429242 remarkably suppressed TGF-β-induced sPRR generation and FN expression in HK-2 cells. Administration of sPRR-His restored the PF429242-attenuated FN expression in HK-2 cells, indicating that sPRR could promote the TGF-β-induced fibrotic response. Furthermore, sPRR-His alone also increased the abundance of FN in HK-2 cells. These data suggested that sPRR was sufficient and necessary for the TGF-β-induced fibrotic response of HK-2 cells. Mechanistically, sPRR activated the AKT and β-catenin pathway in HK-2 cells, and blockade of the AKT or β-catenin pathway significantly abrogated sPRR-induced FN and Snail expression. Taking together, sPRR promoted the fibrotic response of HK-2 cells by activating Akt/β-catenin/Snail signaling, and it may serve as a potential therapeutic target in renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Xie
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jiahui Su
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aihua Lu
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Lai
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Mo
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Pu
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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16
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Huang M, Zhu S, Huang H, He J, Tsuji K, Jin WW, Xie D, Ham O, Capen DE, Lu W, Păunescu TG, Yang B, Lu HAJ. Integrin-Linked Kinase Deficiency in Collecting Duct Principal Cell Promotes Necroptosis of Principal Cell and Contributes to Kidney Inflammation and Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:2073-2090. [PMID: 31653783 PMCID: PMC6830785 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018111162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necroptosis is a newly discovered cell death pathway that plays a critical role in AKI. The involvement of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in necroptosis has not been studied. METHODS We performed experiments in mice with an Ilk deletion in collecting duct (CD) principal cells (PCs), and cultured tubular epithelial cells treated with an ILK inhibitor or ILK siRNA knockdown. RESULTS Ilk deletion in CD PCs resulted in acute tubular injury and early mortality in mice. Progressive interstitial fibrosis and inflammation associated with the activation of the canonical TGF-β signaling cascade were detected in the kidneys of the mice lacking ILK in the CD PCs. In contrast to the minimal apoptosis detected in the animals' injured CDs, widespread necroptosis was present in ILK-deficient PCs, characterized by cell swelling, deformed mitochondria, and rupture of plasma membrane. In addition, ILK deficiency resulted in increased expression and activation of necroptotic proteins MLKL and RIPK3, and membrane translocation of MLKL in CD PCs. ILK inhibition and siRNA knockdown reduced cell survival in cultured tubular cells, concomitant with increased membrane accumulation of MLKL and/or phospho-MLKL. Administration of a necroptosis inhibitor, necrostatin-1, blocked cell death in vitro and significantly attenuated inflammation, interstitial fibrosis, and renal failure in ILK-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates the critical involvement of ILK in necroptosis through modulation of the RIPK3 and MLKL pathway and highlights the contribution of CD PC injury to the development of inflammation and interstitial fibrosis of the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuai Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Huihui Huang
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jinzhao He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenji Tsuji
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William W Jin
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dongping Xie
- Department of Physiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Onju Ham
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Diane E Capen
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Weining Lu
- Renal Section, Departments of Medicine, and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Teodor G Păunescu
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Baoxue Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China;
| | - Hua A Jenny Lu
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;
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白 志, 陆 静, 杨 亦. [Role of TGF-β1/ILK/FSP1 signaling pathway in cyclosporin A-induced epithelialmesenchymal transition in cultured renal tubular epithelial cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:804-809. [PMID: 31340913 PMCID: PMC6765554 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.07.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of transforming growth factor-β1/integrin-linked kinase/fibroblast-specific protein 1 (TGF- β1/ILK/FSP1) signaling pathway in cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced renal tubular epithelial cell transdifferentiation. METHODS Rat renal tubular epithelial NRK-52E cells were induced with 1 mg/L CsA, treated with TGF-β1 inhibitor (SB431542, 10 μmol/L), or transfected with the ILK-RNAi lentiviral expression vector (ILKshRNA) or a negative control vector before CsA induction. The expressions of TGF-β1, ILK and FSP-1 mRNAs and proteins in the cells were detected using real-time PCR and Western blotting. The positive cells for α-SMA expression were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Compared with the blank control cells, the cells treated with CsA showed significantly increased levels of TGF-β1, ILK and FSP-1 mRNAs and proteins (P < 0.05). The expressions of TGF-β1, ILK and FSP-1 were significantly lower in TGF-β1 inhibitor group than in CsA group (P < 0.05). The levels of ILK and FSP-1 were significantly decreased after shRNA-mediated ILK silencing (P < 0.05). The number of positive cells for α-SMA was significantly lower in cells treated with SB431542 and in cells with ILK silencing than in the cells treated with CsA alone (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The activation of TGF-β1/ILK/FSP-1 signaling pathway is an important mechanism for CsA-induced transdifferentiation in rat renal tubular epithelial cells. ILK participates in CsA-induced epithelialmesenchymal transition of renal tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- 志勋 白
- 遵义医科大学第二附属医院肾病风湿科,贵州 遵义 563000Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - 静 陆
- 遵义医药高等专科学校,贵州 遵义 563006Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - 亦彬 杨
- 遵义医科大学附属医院肾病风湿科,贵州 遵义 563006Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
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Chronic kidney disease induced by an adenine rich diet upregulates integrin linked kinase (ILK) and its depletion prevents the disease progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1284-1297. [PMID: 30726718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is one of the main pathological findings of progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) although the pathogenesis of renal scar formation remains incompletely explained. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a major scaffold protein between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and intracellular signaling pathways, is involved in several pathophysiological processes during renal damage. However, ILK contribution in the CKD progress remains to be fully elucidated. In the present work, we studied 1) the renal functional and structural consequences of CKD genesis and progression when ILK is depleted and 2) the potential of ILK depletion as a therapeutic approach to delay CKD progression. We induced an experimental CKD model, based on an adenine-supplemented diet on adult wild-type (WT) and ILK-depleted mice, with a tubulointerstitial damage profile resembling that is observed in human CKD. The adenine diet induced in WT mice a progressive increase in plasma creatinine and urea concentrations. In the renal cortex it was also observed tubular damage, interstitial fibrosis and progressive increased ECM components, pro-inflammatory and chemo-attractant cytokines, EMT markers and TGF-β1 expressions. These observations were highly correlated to a simultaneous increase of ILK expression and activity. In adenine-fed transgenic ILK-depleted mice, all these changes were prevented. Additionally, we evaluated the potential role of ILK depletion to be applied after the disease induction, as an effective approach to interventions in human CKD subjects. In this scenario, two weeks after the establishment of adenine-induced CKD, ILK was abrogated in WT mice and stabilized renal damage, avoiding CKD progression. We propose ILK to be a potential target to delay renal disease progression.
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Myofibroblast in Kidney Fibrosis: Origin, Activation, and Regulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1165:253-283. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Kidney fibrosis induced by various irrigation pressures in mouse models of mild and severe hydronephrosis. Int Urol Nephrol 2018; 51:215-222. [PMID: 30483999 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-2040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We want to study whether the degree of fibrosis in the mild and severe hydronephrosis is different, and whether the irrigation pressure will affect the fibrosis of the hydronephrosis. METHODS Animal models of mild and severe hydronephrosis in the left kidney were established: 72 healthy C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into nine groups (eight in each group). The N group was used as a control group, and 0 mmHg pressure perfusion was given. The M and S groups were used as mild and severe hydronephrosis groups, respectively. The mild and severe hydronephrosis groups were subdivided into eight subgroups, M0-M3 and S0-S3. Among them, groups 0, 1, 2, and 3 were perfused with 0 mmHg, 20 mmHg, 60 mmHg, and 100 mmHg, respectively. We investigated the effects of irrigation pressures on renal fibrosis in mild (group M) and heavy (group S) hydronephrosis by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, Masson staining and immunohistochemistry staining in mouse models. RESULTS Compared with group N, EMT and ECM deposits were significantly aggravated in both the mild and severe hydronephrosis groups, TGF-β signaling pathway-related molecules significantly changed too. In terms of ECM deposition, S2 and S3 are significantly increased compared to S0.The EMT of M2 and M3 changed significantly compared with M0; the EMT of S1, S2 and S3 changed significantly compared with S0.The molecules related to TGF-β signaling pathway also changed: M0 and S0 changed significantly compared with N; M1, M2 and M3 changed significantly compared with M0; compared with S0, S1, S2 and S3 changed significantly. CONCLUSION Compared with mild hydronephrosis, renal fibrosis in severe hydronephrosis is more severe and its tolerance to perfusion pressure is lower. These changes may be related to the TGF-β signalling pathway.
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Zhang Y, Huang W. Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGF-β1)-Stimulated Integrin-Linked Kinase (ILK) Regulates Migration and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of Human Lens Epithelial Cells via Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB). Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:7424-7430. [PMID: 30332398 PMCID: PMC6201705 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In view of the high incidence of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) and the effects of TGF-β signaling on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human lens epithelial cells (LECs), our study aimed to explore the mechanism of the function of TGF-β signaling in LECs EMT. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human lens epithelial cells (HLEC-h3) were treated with TGF-β, ILK siRNA, ILK inhibitor, and NF-κB inhibitor to study the effects of TGF-β, ILK, and NF-κB on cell migration and EMT. Cell migration assay was used to measure cell migration ability. Western blot was performed to detect the expression of ILK, E-cadherin, and a-SMA at the protein level. QRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of ILK at the mRNA level. RESULTS Compared with control cells, TGF-β treatment increased the expression level of ILK HLEC-h3, promoted migration of HLEC-h3 cells, increased the expression level of E-cadherin protein, and decreased the expression level of a-SMA protein. However, treatment with ILK siRNA, ILK inhibitor, and NF-κB inhibitor reversed the effects of TGF-β on HLEC-h3 cells. CONCLUSIONS TGF-β-stimulated ILK regulates the migration and EMT of human LECs via NF-κB.
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22
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Raman A, Parnell SC, Zhang Y, Reif GA, Dai Y, Khanna A, Daniel E, White C, Vivian JL, Wallace DP. Periostin overexpression in collecting ducts accelerates renal cyst growth and fibrosis in polycystic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1695-F1707. [PMID: 30332313 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00246.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In polycystic kidney disease (PKD), persistent activation of cell proliferation and matrix production contributes to cyst growth and fibrosis, leading to progressive deterioration of renal function. Previously, we showed that periostin, a matricellular protein involved in tissue repair, is overexpressed by cystic epithelial cells of PKD kidneys. Periostin binds αVβ3-integrins and activates integrin-linked kinase (ILK), leading to Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated proliferation of human PKD cells. By contrast, periostin does not stimulate the proliferation of normal human kidney cells. This difference in the response to periostin is due to elevated expression of αVβ3-integrins by cystic cells. To determine whether periostin accelerates cyst growth and fibrosis, we generated mice with conditional overexpression of periostin in the collecting ducts (CDs). Ectopic CD expression of periostin was not sufficient to induce cyst formation or fibrosis in wild-type mice. However, periostin overexpression in pcy/pcy ( pcy) kidneys significantly increased mTOR activity, cell proliferation, cyst growth, and interstitial fibrosis; and accelerated the decline in renal function. Moreover, CD-specific overexpression of periostin caused a decrease in the survival of pcy mice. These pathological changes were accompanied by increased renal expression of vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin, and type I collagen. We also found that periostin increased gene expression of pathways involved in repair, including integrin and growth factor signaling and ECM production, and it stimulated focal adhesion kinase, Rho GTPase, cytoskeletal reorganization, and migration of PKD cells. These results suggest that periostin stimulates signaling pathways involved in an abnormal tissue repair process that contributes to cyst growth and fibrosis in PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Raman
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Stephen C Parnell
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Gail A Reif
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Yuqiao Dai
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Aditi Khanna
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Emily Daniel
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Corey White
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jay L Vivian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Darren P Wallace
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
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23
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He WM, Yin JQ, Cheng XD, Lu X, Ni L, Xi Y, Yin GD, Lu GY, Sun W, Wei MG. Oleanolic acid attenuates TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in NRK-52E cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:205. [PMID: 29973206 PMCID: PMC6031099 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis, which finally leads to renal failure. Oleanolic acid (OA), an activator of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), is reported to attenuate renal fibrosis in mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction. However, the role of OA in the regulation of EMT and the underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of OA on EMT of renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line (NRK-52E) induced by TGF-β1, and to elucidate its underlying mechanism. Methods Cells were incubated with TGF-β1 in the presence or absence of OA. The epithelial marker E-cadherin, the mesenchymal markers, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin, Nrf2, klotho, the signal transducer (p-Smad2/3), EMT initiator (Snail), and ILK were assayed by western blotting. Results Our results showed that the NRK-52E cells incubated with TGF-β1 induced EMT with transition to the spindle-like morphology, down-regulated the expression of E-cadherin but up-regulated the expression of α-SMA and fibronectin. However, the treatment with OA reversed all EMT markers in a dose-dependent manner. OA also restored the expression of Nrf2 and klotho, decreased the phosphorylation of Smad2/3, ILK, and Snail in cells which was initiated by TGF-β1. Conclusion OA can attenuate TGF-β1 mediate EMT in renal tubular epithelial cells and may be a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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24
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Cellular and molecular mechanisms of kidney fibrosis. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 65:16-36. [PMID: 29909119 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the final pathological process common to any ongoing, chronic kidney injury or maladaptive repair. It is considered as the underlying pathological process of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which affects more than 10% of world population and for which treatment options are limited. Renal fibrosis is defined by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, which disrupts and replaces the functional parenchyma that leads to organ failure. Kidney's histological structure can be divided into three main compartments, all of which can be affected by fibrosis, specifically termed glomerulosclerosis in glomeruli, interstitial fibrosis in tubulointerstitium and arteriosclerosis and perivascular fibrosis in vasculature. In this review, we summarized the different appearance, cellular origin and major emerging processes and mediators of fibrosis in each compartment. We also depicted and discussed the challenges in translation of anti-fibrotic treatment to clinical practice and discuss possible solutions and future directions.
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25
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Fang CC, Chou TH, Huang JW, Lee CC, Chen SC. The Small Molecule Inhibitor QLT-0267 Decreases the Production of Fibrin-Induced Inflammatory Cytokines and Prevents Post-Surgical Peritoneal Adhesions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9481. [PMID: 29930281 PMCID: PMC6013455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25994-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal adhesions develop after abdominal surgery, trauma or intraperitoneal infections, and have important consequences. The deposition of peritoneal fibrin is a common pathophysiological pathway for the formation of adhesions. Here, we aimed to examine the effects of fibrin-induced cytokine production on peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs), and to block the effects of fibrin using an integrin-linked kinase (ILK) inhibitor, QLT-0267. PMCs were cultured from the enzymatic disaggregation of rat omentum. After the PMCs were covered with fibrin, the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα and VEGF-A increased. This increase in cytokine production was attenuated by QLT-0267, which acted via the inhibition of both the ILK and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) pathways, and subsequently via the GSK-3β pathway. We found that QLT-0267 decreased both the severity of peritoneal adhesion and the serum levels of IL-6 in our post-surgical adhesion mouse model. In conclusion, our study provides novel evidence that fibrin-induced cytokine production may involve in the mechanism of peritoneal adhesion formation. Furthermore, the use of the small molecule inhibitor QLT-0267 is a new strategy in preventing peritoneal adhesion in patients undergoing abdominal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chung Fang
- Departments of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Hsin Chou
- Departments of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Departments of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Wen Huang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Lee
- Departments of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyr-Chyr Chen
- Departments of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Departments of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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26
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Suppression of Elp2 prevents renal fibrosis and inflammation induced by unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) via inactivating Stat3-regulated TGF-β1 and NF-κB pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:400-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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27
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Simon-Tillaux N, Hertig A. Snail and kidney fibrosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018; 32:224-233. [PMID: 28186539 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Snail family zinc finger 1 (SNAI1) is a transcription factor expressed during renal embryogenesis, and re-expressed in various settings of acute kidney injury (AKI). Subjected to tight regulation, SNAI1 controls major biological processes responsible for renal fibrogenesis, including mesenchymal reprogramming of tubular epithelial cells, shutdown of fatty acid metabolism, cell cycle arrest and inflammation of the microenvironment surrounding tubular epithelial cells. The present review describes in detail the interactions of SNAI1 with AKI-associated signalling pathways. We also discuss how this central factor has been iteratively (and promisingly) targeted in a number of animal models in order to prevent or slow down renal fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Simon-Tillaux
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR_S1155, Remodeling and Repair of Renal Tissue, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Hertig
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR_S1155, Remodeling and Repair of Renal Tissue, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, UMR S_1155, Paris, France
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28
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Transient receptor potential channel 6 regulates abnormal cardiac S-nitrosylation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E10763-E10771. [PMID: 29187535 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712623114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked disorder with dystrophin loss that results in skeletal and cardiac muscle weakening and early death. Loss of the dystrophin-sarcoglycan complex delocalizes nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to alter its signaling, and augments mechanosensitive intracellular Ca2+ influx. The latter has been coupled to hyperactivation of the nonselective cation channel, transient receptor potential canonical channel 6 (Trpc6), in isolated myocytes. As Ca2+ also activates NOS, we hypothesized that Trpc6 would help to mediate nitric oxide (NO) dysregulation and that this would be manifest in increased myocardial S-nitrosylation, a posttranslational modification increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and muscle disease. Using a recently developed dual-labeling proteomic strategy, we identified 1,276 S-nitrosylated cysteine residues [S-nitrosothiol (SNO)] on 491 proteins in resting hearts from a mouse model of DMD (dmdmdx:utrn+/-). These largely consisted of mitochondrial proteins, metabolic regulators, and sarcomeric proteins, with 80% of them also modified in wild type (WT). S-nitrosylation levels, however, were increased in DMD. Genetic deletion of Trpc6 in this model (dmdmdx:utrn+/-:trpc6-/-) reversed ∼70% of these changes. Trpc6 deletion also ameliorated left ventricular dilation, improved cardiac function, and tended to reduce fibrosis. Furthermore, under catecholamine stimulation, which also increases NO synthesis and intracellular Ca2+ along with cardiac workload, the hypernitrosylated state remained as it did at baseline. However, the impact of Trpc6 deletion on the SNO proteome became less marked. These findings reveal a role for Trpc6-mediated hypernitrosylation in dmdmdx:utrn+/- mice and support accumulating evidence that implicates nitrosative stress in cardiac and muscle disease.
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29
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Kim DY, Kang MK, Park SH, Lee EJ, Kim YH, Oh H, Choi YJ, Kang YH. Eucalyptol ameliorates Snail1/β-catenin-dependent diabetic disjunction of renal tubular epithelial cells and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106190-106205. [PMID: 29290941 PMCID: PMC5739726 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis is an important event in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Under pathologic conditions, renal tubular epithelial cells undergo transition characterized by loss of cell-cell adhesion and increased cell migration. This study investigated that eucalyptol inhibited tubular epithelial cell disjunction and tubulointerstitial fibrosis stimulated by glucose. Human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells were incubated for up to 72 h in media containing 27.5 mM mannitol as osmotic controls or 33 mM glucose in the presence of 1-20 μM eucalyptol. Nontoxic eucalyptol inhibited glucose-induced expression of the mesenchymal markers of N-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin, whereas the induction of E-cadherin was enhanced. Eucalyptol attenuated the induction of connective tissue growth factor and collagen IV by glucose, whereas the membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase expression was enhanced with reducing tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 expression. Oral administration of 10 mg/kg eucalyptol to db/db mice for 8 weeks blunted hyperglycemia and proteinuria. Eucalyptol reversed tissue levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and P-cadherin and the collagen fiber deposition in diabetic kidneys. Eucalyptol attenuated the induction of Snail1, β-catenin and integrin-linked kinase 1 (ILK1) in glucose-exposed tubular cells and diabetic kidneys, and the glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β expression was reversely enhanced. Glucose prompted TGF-β1 production in tubular cells, leading to induction of Snail1, β-catenin and ILK1, which was dampened by eucalyptol. Furthermore, the Snail1 gene deletion encumbered the β-catenin induction in glucose/eucalyptol-treated tubular cells accompanying enhanced GSK-3β expression. Therefore, eucalyptol may antagonize hyperglycemia-induced tubular epithelial derangement and tubulointerstitial fibrosis through blocking ILK1-dependent transcriptional interaction of Snail1/β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yeon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sin-Hye Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yun-Ho Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyeongjoo Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yean-Jung Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Young-Hee Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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30
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Hatem-Vaquero M, Griera M, Giermakowska W, Luengo A, Calleros L, Gonzalez Bosc LV, Rodríguez-Puyol D, Rodríguez-Puyol M, De Frutos S. Integrin linked kinase regulates the transcription of AQP2 by NFATC3. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1860:922-935. [PMID: 28736155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Two processes are associated with progressive loss of renal function: 1) decreased aquaporin-2 (AQP2) expression and urinary concentrating capacity (Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus, NDI); and 2) changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, e.g. increased collagen I (Col I) deposition, characteristic of tubule-interstitial fibrosis. AQP2 expression is regulated by both the ECM-to-intracellular scaffold protein integrin-linked kinase (ILK) by NFATc/AP1 and other transcription factors. In the present work, we used in vivo and in vitro approaches to examine ILK participation in NFATc3/AP-1-mediated increases in AQP2 gene expression. Both NFATc3 knock-out mice and ILK conditional-knockdown mice (cKD-ILK) display symptoms of NDI (polyuria and reduced AQP2 expression). NFATc3 is upregulated in the renal medulla tubular cells of cKD-ILK mice but with reduced nuclear localization. Inner medullary collecting duct mIMCD3 cells were subjected to ILK depletion and transfected with reporter plasmids. Pharmacological activators or inhibitors determined the effect of ILK activity on NFATc/AP-1-dependent increases in transcription of AQP2. Finally, mIMCD3 cultured on Col I showed reduced activity of the ILK/GSK3β/NFATc/AQP2 axis, suggesting this pathway is a potential target for therapeutic treatment of NDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Hatem-Vaquero
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigación Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Griera
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigación Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Wieslawa Giermakowska
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Alicia Luengo
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigación Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Calleros
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigación Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura V Gonzalez Bosc
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Diego Rodríguez-Puyol
- Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigación Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Foundation and Nephrology Department, Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Puyol
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigación Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sergio De Frutos
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigación Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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31
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Raman A, Reif GA, Dai Y, Khanna A, Li X, Astleford L, Parnell SC, Calvet JP, Wallace DP. Integrin-Linked Kinase Signaling Promotes Cyst Growth and Fibrosis in Polycystic Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2708-2719. [PMID: 28522687 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016111235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by innumerous fluid-filled cysts and progressive deterioration of renal function. Previously, we showed that periostin, a matricellular protein involved in tissue repair, is markedly overexpressed by cyst epithelial cells. Periostin promotes cell proliferation, cyst growth, interstitial fibrosis, and the decline in renal function in PKD mice. Here, we investigated the regulation of these processes by the integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a scaffold protein that links the extracellular matrix to the actin cytoskeleton and is stimulated by periostin. Pharmacologic inhibition or shRNA knockdown of ILK prevented periostin-induced Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and ADPKD cell proliferation in vitro Homozygous deletion of ILK in renal collecting ducts (CD) of Ilkfl/fl ;Pkhd1-Cre mice caused tubule dilations, apoptosis, fibrosis, and organ failure by 10 weeks of age. By contrast, Ilkfl/+ ;Pkhd1-Cre mice had normal renal morphology and function and survived >1 year. Reduced expression of ILK in Pkd1fl/fl ;Pkhd1-Cre mice, a rapidly progressive model of ADPKD, decreased renal Akt/mTOR activity, cell proliferation, cyst growth, and interstitial fibrosis, and significantly improved renal function and animal survival. Additionally, CD-specific knockdown of ILK strikingly reduced renal cystic disease and fibrosis and extended the life of pcy/pcy mice, a slowly progressive PKD model. We conclude that ILK is critical for maintaining the CD epithelium and renal function and is a key intermediate for periostin activation of signaling pathways involved in cyst growth and fibrosis in PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Raman
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology.,The Kidney Institute, and
| | - Gail A Reif
- The Kidney Institute, and.,Departments of Internal Medicine and
| | - Yuqiao Dai
- The Kidney Institute, and.,Departments of Internal Medicine and
| | - Aditi Khanna
- The Kidney Institute, and.,Departments of Internal Medicine and
| | - Xiaogang Li
- The Kidney Institute, and.,Departments of Internal Medicine and
| | | | - Stephen C Parnell
- The Kidney Institute, and.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - James P Calvet
- The Kidney Institute, and.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Darren P Wallace
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, .,The Kidney Institute, and.,Departments of Internal Medicine and
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33
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The cellular and signalling alterations conducted by TGF-β contributing to renal fibrosis. Cytokine 2016; 88:115-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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34
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Zhubanchaliyev A, Temirbekuly A, Kongrtay K, Wanshura LC, Kunz J. Targeting Mechanotransduction at the Transcriptional Level: YAP and BRD4 Are Novel Therapeutic Targets for the Reversal of Liver Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:462. [PMID: 27990121 PMCID: PMC5131002 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the result of a deregulated wound healing process characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are activated in response to liver injury, are the major source of extracellular matrix and drive the wound healing process. However, chronic liver damage leads to perpetual HSC activation, progressive formation of pathological scar tissue and ultimately, cirrhosis and organ failure. HSC activation is triggered largely in response to mechanosignaling from the microenvironment, which induces a profibrotic nuclear transcription program that promotes HSC proliferation and extracellular matrix secretion thereby setting up a positive feedback loop leading to matrix stiffening and self-sustained, pathological, HSC activation. Despite the significant progress in our understanding of liver fibrosis, the molecular mechanisms through which the extracellular matrix promotes HSC activation are not well understood and no effective therapies have been approved to date that can target this early, reversible, stage in liver fibrosis. Several new lines of investigation now provide important insight into this area of study and identify two nuclear targets whose inhibition has the potential of reversing liver fibrosis by interfering with HSC activation: Yes-associated protein (YAP), a transcriptional co-activator and effector of the mechanosensitive Hippo pathway, and bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), an epigenetic regulator of gene expression. YAP and BRD4 activity is induced in response to mechanical stimulation of HSCs and each protein independently controls waves of early gene expression necessary for HSC activation. Significantly, inhibition of either protein can revert the chronic activation of HSCs and impede pathological progression of liver fibrosis in clinically relevant model systems. In this review we will discuss the roles of these nuclear co-activators in HSC activation, their mechanism of action in the fibrotic process in the liver and other organs, and the potential of targeting their activity with small molecule drugs for fibrosis reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altynbek Zhubanchaliyev
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev UniversityAstana, Kazakhstan; Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National UniversityAstana, Kazakhstan
| | - Aibar Temirbekuly
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Kuralay Kongrtay
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Jeannette Kunz
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University Astana, Kazakhstan
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Sutariya B, Jhonsa D, Saraf MN. TGF-β: the connecting link between nephropathy and fibrosis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2016; 38:39-49. [PMID: 26849902 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2015.1127382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the usual outcome of an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) that frequently occurs in membranous and diabetic nephropathy. The result of renal fibrosis would be end-stage renal failure, which requires costly dialysis or kidney transplantation. Renal fibrosis typically results from chronic inflammation via production of several molecules, such as growth factors, angiogenic factors, fibrogenic cytokines, and proteinase. All of these factors can stimulate excessive accumulation of ECM components through epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which results in renal fibrosis. Among these, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is proposed to be the major regulator in inducing EMT. Besides ECM protein synthesis, TGF-β is involved in hypertrophy, proliferation, and apoptosis in renal cells. In particular, TGF-β is likely to be most potent and ubiquitous profibrotic factor acting through several intracellular signaling pathways including protein kinases and transcription factors. Factors that regulate TGF-β expression in renal cell include hyperglycemia, angiotensin II, advance glycation end products, complement activation (C5b-9), and oxidative stress. Over the past several years, the common understanding of the pathogenic factors that lead to renal fibrosis in nephropathy has improved considerably. This review will discuss the recent findings on the mechanisms and role of TGF-β in membranous and diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Sutariya
- a Department of Pharmacology , Bombay College of Pharmacy , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India
| | - Dimple Jhonsa
- a Department of Pharmacology , Bombay College of Pharmacy , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India
| | - Madhusudan N Saraf
- a Department of Pharmacology , Bombay College of Pharmacy , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India
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36
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Zhao L, Chi L, Zhao J, Wang X, Chen Z, Meng L, Liu G, Guan G, Wang F. Serum response factor provokes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in renal tubular epithelial cells of diabetic nephropathy. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:580-8. [PMID: 27260841 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00058.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of serum response factor (SRF) in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) in diabetic nephropathy (DN). The expression of SRF, epithelial markers (E-cadherin and ZO-1), and mesenchymal markers (fibronectin, collagen-1, α-SMA, FSP-1) was examined in human proximal renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) or renal medulla tissues following high glucose. SRF was upregulated by SRF plasmids and downregulated by CCG-1423 (a small molecule inhibitor of SRF) to investigate how SRF influenced EMT in TECs of DN. Streptozotocin was used to generate DM in rats. In HK-2 cells after high-glucose treatment and renal medulla tissues of diabetic rats, SRF, fibronectin, collagen-1, α-SMA, and FSP-1 increased, while E-cadherin and ZO-1 declined. SRF overexpression in HK-2 cells induced expression of Snail, an important transcription factor mediating EMT. Blockade of SRF by CCG-1423 reduced Snail induction and protected TECs from EMT both in vitro and in vivo. Together, increased SRF activity promotes EMT in TECs and dysfunction in DN. Targeting SRF by small molecule inhibitor may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhen Chi
- Department of Obstetrics, Shandong Wulian People's Hospital, Rizhao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Xueling Wang
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghang Meng
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangju Guan
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
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37
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ILK-PI3K/AKT pathway participates in cutaneous wound contraction by regulating fibroblast migration and differentiation to myofibroblast. J Transl Med 2016; 96:741-51. [PMID: 27111285 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions between fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix in wound contraction are mainly mediated via integrin signaling. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a key mediator in integrin signal transduction. We investigated the role of ILK in cutaneous wound contraction. We found that ILK was involved in cutaneous wound healing in rats, and ILK and PI3K/AKT inhibitors inhibited wound contraction and re-epithelialization, consequently delaying wound healing in vivo. Further, using in vitro studies, we demonstrated that ILK and PI3K/AKT inhibitors suppressed the contraction of fibroblast-populated collagen lattices, inhibited fibroblast migration, and interrupted the effect of TGF-β1 on promoting alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression in fibroblasts. When ILK expression was directly blocked by ILK small interfering RNA transfection, the migration and α-SMA expression of normal dermal fibroblasts were significantly suppressed as well. The data suggest that the ILK-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway mediates cutaneous wound contraction by regulating fibroblast migration and differentiation to myofibroblasts.
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38
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Li Y, Li G, Hu X, Lin W, Sun J, Mi L, Wang R, Wang J, Wang X, Zhou R. Integrin-Linked Kinase Senses Hypoxia During Scar Angiogenesis. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2016; 15:286-295. [PMID: 27230895 DOI: 10.1177/1534734616649485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) mediates signal transduction between cells and the extracellular matrix, regulating cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. However, its roles in the formation of hypertrophic scars are not yet clear. In this study, we found that ILK was predominantly expressed on the microvascular endothelial cells and the epidermal basal cells of human hypertrophic scars. The proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of primary human scar microvascular endothelial cells (HSMECs) were significantly inhibited after ILK was silenced. The ILK inhibitor QLT0267 had the same effect of impeding angiogenesis in vitro by blocking ILK activity. Both siRNA and QLT0267 markedly decreased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, but not its receptors, such as human vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor 1 or kinase insert domain-containing receptor. We also showed that the expression of ILK was enhanced by inducing mild hypoxia with CoCl2, but it was suppressed under serious hypoxia. Thus, ILK regulates HSMEC proliferation and angiogenesis and participates in the formation of hypertrophic scars, in which mild hypoxia may be the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyang Li
- 1 Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- 1 Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- 1 Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihua Lin
- 1 Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingen Sun
- 1 Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Mi
- 1 Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renkun Wang
- 1 Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlun Wang
- 1 Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- 1 Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rixing Zhou
- 1 Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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39
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Zheng G, Zhang J, Zhao H, Wang H, Pang M, Qiao X, Lee SR, Hsu TT, Tan TK, Lyons JG, Zhao Y, Tian X, Loebel DAF, Rubera I, Tauc M, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang YM, Cao Q, Wang C, Lee VWS, Alexander SI, Tam PPL, Harris DCH. α3 Integrin of Cell-Cell Contact Mediates Kidney Fibrosis by Integrin-Linked Kinase in Proximal Tubular E-Cadherin Deficient Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:1847-1860. [PMID: 27182643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Loss of E-cadherin marks a defect in epithelial integrity and polarity during tissue injury and fibrosis. Whether loss of E-cadherin plays a causal role in fibrosis is uncertain. α3β1 Integrin has been identified to complex with E-cadherin in cell-cell adhesion, but little is known about the details of their cross talk. Herein, E-cadherin gene (Cdh1) was selectively deleted from proximal tubules of murine kidney by Sglt2Cre. Ablation of E-cadherin up-regulated α3β1 integrin at cell-cell adhesion. E-cadherin-deficient proximal tubular epithelial cell displayed enhanced transforming growth factor-β1-induced α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin expression, which was suppressed by siRNA silencing of α3 integrin, but not β1 integrin. Up-regulation of transforming growth factor-β1-induced α-SMA was mediated by an α3 integrin-dependent increase in integrin-linked kinase (ILK). Src phosphorylation of β-catenin and consequent p-β-catenin-Y654/p-Smad2 transcriptional complex underlies the transcriptional up-regulation of ILK. Kidney fibrosis after unilateral ureteric obstruction or ischemia reperfusion was increased in proximal tubule E-cadherin-deficient mice in comparison to that of E-cadherin intact control mice. The exacerbation of fibrosis was explained by the α3 integrin-dependent increase of ILK, β-catenin nuclear translocation, and α-SMA/proximal tubular-specific Cre double positive staining in proximal tubular epithelial cell. These studies delineate a nonconventional integrin/ILK signaling by α3 integrin-dependent Src/p-β-catenin-Y654/p-Smad2-mediated up-regulation of ILK through which loss of E-cadherin leads to kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Zheng
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Jianlin Zhang
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Pang
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Qiao
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Renal Medicine, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - So R Lee
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tzu-Ting Hsu
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thian K Tan
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - J Guy Lyons
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Centenary Institute and Department of Dermatology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ye Zhao
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Xinrui Tian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - David A F Loebel
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Isabella Rubera
- Laboratory of Molecular Physio-Medicine, National Centre for Scientific Research, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Michel Tauc
- Laboratory of Molecular Physio-Medicine, National Centre for Scientific Research, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Ya Wang
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yiping Wang
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yuan M Wang
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Qi Cao
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Changqi Wang
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vincent W S Lee
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen I Alexander
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Patrick P L Tam
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David C H Harris
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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40
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Ding H, Xu Y, Gao D, Wang L. Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human renal tubular epithelial cell. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:662-669. [PMID: 27158358 PMCID: PMC4846915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling critically regulates embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis. Here, we investigated the role of Shh signaling in mediating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human renal tubular epithelial cells HKC-8. Our RT-PCR assays demonstrated that TGF-β1 induced time-dependent changes in the mRNA transcript levels of Shh, with a steady rise from one hour post TGF-β1 treatment and a peak at four hours post TGF-β1 treatment. Furthermore, TGF-β1 induced a time-dependent increase in the mRNA transcript levels of Gli1. Pre-treatment with 2 or 5 µM cyclopamine significantly attenuated TGF-β1-induced rise in the mRNA transcript levels of Gli1, but failed to attenuate TGF-β1-induced rise in Shh mRNA transcript levels. Additionally, immunoblotting assays and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that inhibition of Shh signaling by cyclopamine significantly attenuated TGF-β1-induced increase in the mRNA transcript levels of α-SMA, collagen I, and fibronectin. Gli1 overexpression induced Snail1 expression. Moreover, Gli(-/-) mice that had undergone unilateral ureteral obstruction for seven days showed significant reduction in the mRNA transcript levels of Snail1 compared to the wildtype controls. In conclusion, the current study provides novel insight into the regulation of EMT by the Shh/Gli1 signaling pathway, suggesting a critical role of Shh/Gli1 signaling in EMT of human renal tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ding
- Division of Nephrology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Division of Nephrology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Di Gao
- Division of Nephrology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Division of Nephrology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
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41
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Sureshbabu A, Muhsin SA, Choi ME. TGF-β signaling in the kidney: profibrotic and protective effects. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F596-F606. [PMID: 26739888 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00365.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is generally considered as a central mediator of fibrotic diseases. Indeed, much focus has been placed on inhibiting TGF-β and its downstream targets as ideal therapeutic strategies. However, pharmacological blockade of TGF-β has not yet translated into successful therapy for humans, which may be due to pleiotropic effects of TGF-β signaling. Equally, TGF-β signaling as a protective response in kidney injury has been relatively underexplored. An emerging body of evidence from experimental kidney disease models indicates multifunctionality of TGF-β capable of inducing profibrotic and protective effects. This review discusses recent advances highlighting the diverse roles of TGF-β in promoting not only renal fibrosis but also protective responses of TGF-β signaling. We review, in particular, growing evidence that supports protective effects of TGF-β by mechanisms which include inhibiting inflammation and induction of autophagy. Additional detailed studies are required to fully understand the diverse mechanisms of TGF-β actions in renal fibrosis and inflammation that will likely direct toward effective antifibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angara Sureshbabu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; and
| | - Saif A Muhsin
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Mary E Choi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; and .,New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
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42
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Kulkarni YM, Dutta S, Iyer AKV, Venkatadri R, Kaushik V, Ramesh V, Wright CA, Semmes OJ, Yakisich JS, Azad N. A proteomics approach to identifying key protein targets involved in VEGF inhibitor mediated attenuation of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Proteomics 2015; 16:33-46. [PMID: 26425798 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease with a life expectancy of less than 5 years post diagnosis for most patients. Poor molecular characterization of IPF has led to insufficient understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, resulting in lack of effective therapies. In this study, we have integrated a label-free LC-MS based approach with systems biology to identify signaling pathways and regulatory nodes within protein interaction networks that govern phenotypic changes that may lead to IPF. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of proteins modulated in response to bleomycin treatment identified PI3K/Akt and Wnt signaling as the most significant profibrotic pathways. Similar analysis of proteins modulated in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor (CBO-P11) treatment identified natural killer cell signaling and PTEN signaling as the most significant antifibrotic pathways. Mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were identified to be key mediators of pro- and antifibrotic response, where bleomycin (BLM) treatment resulted in increased expression and VEGF inhibitor treatment attenuated expression of mTOR and ERK. Using a BLM mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis and VEGF inhibitor CBO-P11 as a therapeutic measure, we identified a comprehensive set of signaling pathways and proteins that contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis that can be targeted for therapy against this fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh M Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Sucharita Dutta
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.,Leroy T. Canoles Jr, Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Anand Krishnan V Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Rajkumar Venkatadri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Vivek Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Vani Ramesh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Clayton A Wright
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Oliver John Semmes
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.,Leroy T. Canoles Jr, Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Juan S Yakisich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Neelam Azad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
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43
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Chen C, Li R, Ross RS, Manso AM. Integrins and integrin-related proteins in cardiac fibrosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 93:162-74. [PMID: 26562414 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is one of the major components of the healing mechanism following any injury of the heart and as such may contribute to both systolic and diastolic dysfunction in a range of pathophysiologic conditions. Canonically, it can occur as part of the remodeling process that occurs following myocardial infarction or that follows as a response to pressure overload. Integrins are cell surface receptors which act in both cellular adhesion and signaling. Most importantly, in the context of the continuously contracting myocardium, they are recognized as mechanotransducers. They have been implicated in the development of fibrosis in several organs, including the heart. This review will focus on the involvement of integrins and integrin-related proteins, in cardiac fibrosis, outlining the roles of these proteins in the fibrotic responses in specific cardiac pathologies, discuss some of the common end effectors (angiotensin II, transforming growth factor beta 1 and mechanical stress) through which integrins function and finally discuss how manipulation of this set of proteins may lead to new treatments which could prove useful to alter the deleterious effects of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0613, USA; Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
| | - Ruixia Li
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0613, USA; Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
| | - Robert S Ross
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0613, USA; Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
| | - Ana Maria Manso
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0613, USA; Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
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44
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Cano-Peñalver JL, Griera M, García-Jerez A, Hatem-Vaquero M, Ruiz-Torres MP, Rodríguez-Puyol D, Frutos SD, Rodríguez-Puyol M. Renal Integrin-Linked Kinase Depletion Induces Kidney cGMP-Axis Upregulation: Consequences on Basal and Acutely Damaged Renal Function. Mol Med 2015; 21:873-885. [PMID: 26562149 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is activated by nitric oxide (NO) and produces cGMP, which activates cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKG) and is hydrolyzed by specific phosphodiesterases (PDE). The vasodilatory and cytoprotective capacity of cGMP-axis activation results in a therapeutic strategy for several pathologies. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a major scaffold protein between the extracellular matrix and intracellular signaling pathways, may modulate the expression and functionality of the cGMP-axis-related proteins. We introduce ILK as a novel modulator in renal homeostasis as well as a potential target for cisplatin (CIS)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) improvement. We used an adult mice model of depletion of ILK (cKD-ILK), which showed basal increase of sGC and PKG expressions and activities in renal cortex when compared with wildtype (WT) littermates. Twenty-four h activation of sGC activation with NO enhanced the filtration rate in cKD-ILK. During AKI, cKD-ILK maintained the cGMP-axis upregulation with consequent filtration rates enhancement and ameliorated CIS-dependent tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and inflammation and markers. To emphasize the role of cGMP-axis upregulation due to ILK depletion, we modulated the cGMP axis under AKI in vivo and in renal cultured cells. A suboptimal dose of the PDE inhibitor ZAP enhanced the beneficial effects of the ILK depletion in AKI mice. On the other hand, CIS increased contractility-related events in cultured glomerular mesangial cells and necrosis rates in cultured tubular cells; ILK depletion protected the cells while sGC blockade with ODQ fully recovered the damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Cano-Peñalver
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalà, Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigaciόn Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Griera
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalà, Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigaciόn Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea García-Jerez
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalà, Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigaciόn Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Hatem-Vaquero
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalà, Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigaciόn Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Piedad Ruiz-Torres
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalà, Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigaciόn Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Rodríguez-Puyol
- Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigaciόn Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Foundation and Nephrology Department, Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio de Frutos
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalà, Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigaciόn Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Puyol
- Department of Systems Biology, Physiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalà, Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigaciόn Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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45
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Gajjala PR, Sanati M, Jankowski J. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Chronic Kidney Disease with Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases as Its Comorbidities. Front Immunol 2015. [PMID: 26217336 PMCID: PMC4495338 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes mellitus (DM), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are complex disorders of partly unknown genesis and mostly known progression factors. CVD and DM are the risk factors of CKD and are strongly intertwined since DM can lead to both CKD and/or CVD, and CVD can lead to kidney disease. In recent years, our knowledge of CKD, DM, and CVD has been expanded and several important experimental, clinical, and epidemiological associations have been reported. The tight cellular and molecular interactions between the renal, diabetic, and cardiovascular systems in acute or chronic disease settings are becoming increasingly evident. However, the (patho-) physiological basis of the interactions of CKD, DM, and CVD with involvement of multiple endogenous and environmental factors is highly complex and our knowledge is still at its infancy. Not only single pathways and mediators of progression of these diseases have to be considered in these processes but also the mutual interactions of these factors are essential. The recent advances in proteomics and integrative analysis technologies have allowed rapid progress in analyzing complex disorders and clearly show the opportunity for new efficient and specific therapies. More than a dozen pathways have been identified so far, including hyperactivity of the renin–angiotensin (RAS)–aldosterone system, osmotic sodium retention, endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia, RAS/RAF/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase pathway, modification of the purinergic system, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase)-dependent signaling pathways, and inflammation, all leading to histomorphological alterations of the kidney and vessels of diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Since a better understanding of the common cellular and molecular mechanisms of these diseases may be a key to successful identification of new therapeutic targets, we review in this paper the current literature about cellular and molecular mechanisms of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathibha Reddy Gajjala
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen , Aachen , Germany
| | - Maryam Sanati
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen , Aachen , Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen , Aachen , Germany
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Abstract
Fibrosis is defined as an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components that lead to the destruction of organ architecture and impairment of organ function. Moreover, fibrosis is an intricate process attributable to a variety of interlaced fibrogenic signals and intrinsic mechanisms of activation of myofibroblasts. Being the dominant matrix-producing cells in organ fibrosis, myofibroblasts may be differentiated from various types of precursor cells. Identification of the signal pathways that play a key role in the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases may suggest potential therapeutic targets. Here, we emphasize several intracellular signaling pathways that control the activation of myofibroblasts and matrix production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichun He
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 262 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003 China
| | - Chunsun Dai
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 262 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003 China
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47
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Kalra J, Dragowska WH, Bally MB. Using Pharmacokinetic Profiles and Digital Quantification of Stained Tissue Microarrays as a Medium-Throughput, Quantitative Method for Measuring the Kinetics of Early Signaling Changes Following Integrin-Linked Kinase Inhibition in an In Vivo Model of Cancer. J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 63:691-709. [PMID: 25940338 PMCID: PMC4804727 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415587978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A small molecule inhibitor (QLT0267) targeting integrin-linked kinase is able to slow breast tumor growth in vivo; however, the mechanism of action remains unknown. Understanding how targeting molecules involved in intersecting signaling pathways impact disease is challenging. To facilitate this understanding, we used tumor tissue microarrays (TMA) and digital image analysis for quantification of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in order to investigate how QLT0267 affects signaling pathways in an orthotopic model of breast cancer over time. Female NCR nude mice were inoculated with luciferase-positive human breast tumor cells (LCC6Luc) and tumor growth was assessed by bioluminescent imaging (BLI). The plasma levels of QLT0267 were determined by LC-MS/MS methods following oral dosing of QLT0267 (200 mg/kg). A TMA was constructed using tumor tissue collected at 2, 4, 6, 24, 78 and 168 hr after treatment. IHC methods were used to assess changes in ILK-related signaling. The TMA was digitized, and Aperio ScanScope and ImageScope software were used to provide semi-quantitative assessments of staining levels. Using medium-throughput IHC quantitation, we show that ILK targeting by QLT0267 in vivo influences tumor physiology through transient changes in pathways involving AKT, GSK-3 and TWIST accompanied by the translocation of the pro-apoptotic protein BAD and an increase in Caspase-3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kalra
- Experimental Therapeutics BC Cancer Agency, British Columbia, Canada (JK,WHD,MBB),Langara College, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (JK)
| | - Weislawa H Dragowska
- Experimental Therapeutics BC Cancer Agency, British Columbia, Canada (JK,WHD,MBB)
| | - Marcel B Bally
- Experimental Therapeutics BC Cancer Agency, British Columbia, Canada (JK,WHD,MBB),Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (MBB),Department of Biochemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (MBB),Faculty of Pharm. Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (MBB),Center for Drug Research and Development Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (MBB)
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48
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Ferulic Acid Attenuates TGF-β1-Induced Renal Cellular Fibrosis in NRK-52E Cells by Inhibiting Smad/ILK/Snail Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:619720. [PMID: 25949265 PMCID: PMC4408646 DOI: 10.1155/2015/619720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common cause of renal dysfunction with chronic kidney disease. Central to this process is epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of proximal tubular epithelial cells driven by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Ferulic acid (FA) on EMT of renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line (NRK-52E) induced by TGF-β1 and to elucidate its underlying mechanism against EMT related to TGF-β1/Smads pathway. The NRK-52E cells were treated for 48 h with TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL) in different concentrations of FA (0 to 200 µM). Fibronectin, a mesenchymal marker, was assessed by western blotting. Western blotting was also used to examine the EMT markers (E-cadherin, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)), signal transducer (p-Smad2/3), and EMT initiator (Snail). ILK was also assayed by western blotting. The results showed that TGF-β1 induced spindle-like morphological transition in NRK-52E cells. Smad2/3 signaling pathway activation, increased fibronectin, α-SMA, ILK, and Snail expression, and decreased E-cadherin expression in TGF-β1-treated NRK-52E cells. FA efficiently blocked P-Smad2/3 activation and attenuated all these EMT changes induced by TGF-β1. These findings suggest that FA may serve as a potential fibrosis antagonist for renal proximal tubule cells by inhibiting EMT process.
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Meng XM, Tang PMK, Li J, Lan HY. TGF-β/Smad signaling in renal fibrosis. Front Physiol 2015; 6:82. [PMID: 25852569 PMCID: PMC4365692 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) is well identified as a central mediator in renal fibrosis. TGF-β initiates canonical and non-canonical pathways to exert multiple biological effects. Among them, Smad signaling is recognized as a major pathway of TGF-β signaling in progressive renal fibrosis. During fibrogenesis, Smad3 is highly activated, which is associated with the down-regulation of an inhibitory Smad7 via an ubiquitin E3-ligases-dependent degradation mechanism. The equilibrium shift between Smad3 and Smad7 leads to accumulation and activation of myofibroblasts, overproduction of ECM (extracellular matrix), and reduction in ECM degradation in the diseased kidney. Therefore, overexpression of Smad7 has been shown to be a therapeutic agent for renal fibrosis in various models of kidney diseases. In contrast, another downstream effecter of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, Smad2, exerts its renal protective role by counter-regulating the Smad3. Furthermore, recent studies demonstrated that Smad3 mediates renal fibrosis by down-regulating miR-29 and miR-200 but up-regulating miR-21 and miR-192. Thus, overexpression of miR-29 and miR-200 or down-regulation of miR-21 and miR-192 is capable of attenuating Smad3-mediated renal fibrosis in various mouse models of chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Taken together, TGF-β/Smad signaling plays an important role in renal fibrosis. Targeting TGF-β/Smad3 signaling may represent a specific and effective therapy for CKD associated with renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University Hefei, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China ; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University Hefei, China
| | - Hui Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China ; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China ; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen, China
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50
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Jin J, Lv X, Chen L, Zhang W, Li J, Wang Q, Wang R, Lu X, Miao D. Bmi-1 plays a critical role in protection from renal tubulointerstitial injury by maintaining redox balance. Aging Cell 2014; 13:797-809. [PMID: 24915841 PMCID: PMC4331754 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether Bmi-1 deficiency could lead to renal tubulointerstitial injury by mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress in the kidney, 3-week-old Bmi-1-/- mice were treated with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 1 mg mL−1) in their drinking water, or pyrro-quinoline quinone (PQQ, 4 mg kg−1 diet) in their diet for 2 weeks, and their renal phenotypes were compared with vehicle-treated Bmi1-/- and wild-type mice. Bmi-1 was knocked down in human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK2) cells which were treated with 1 mm NAC for 72 or 96 h, and their phenotypes were compared with control cells. Five-week-old vehicle-treated Bmi-1-/- mice displayed renal interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, and severe renal function impairment with decreased renal cell proliferation, increased renal cell apoptosis and senescence, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Impaired mitochondrial structure, decreased mitochondrial numbers, and increased oxidative stress occurred in Bmi-1-/- mice; subsequently, this caused DNA damage, the activation of TGF-β1/Smad signaling, and the imbalance between extracellular matrix synthesis and degradation. Oxidative stress-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of renal tubular epithelial cells was enhanced in Bmi-1 knocked down HK2 cells. All phenotypic alterations caused by Bmi-1 deficiency were ameliorated by antioxidant treatment. These findings indicate that Bmi-1 plays a critical role in protection from renal tubulointerstitial injury by maintaining redox balance and will be a novel therapeutic target for preventing renal tubulointerstitial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Jin
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Xianhui Lv
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Lulu Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Jinbo Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Qian Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Rong Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Gerontology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Dengshun Miao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Department of Gerontology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
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