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Kurawaki S, Nakashima A, Ishiuchi N, Kanai R, Maeda S, Sasaki K, Masaki T. Mesenchymal stem cells pretreated with interferon-gamma attenuate renal fibrosis by enhancing regulatory T cell induction. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10251. [PMID: 38704512 PMCID: PMC11069572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60928-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert their anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects by secreting various humoral factors. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) can enhance these effects of MSCs, and enhancement of regulatory T (Treg) cell induction is thought to be an underlying mechanism. However, the extent to which Treg cell induction by MSCs pretreated with IFN-γ (IFN-γ MSCs) ameliorates renal fibrosis remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of Treg cell induction by IFN-γ MSCs on renal inflammation and fibrosis using an siRNA knockdown system. Administration of IFN-γ MSCs induced Treg cells and inhibited infiltration of inflammatory cells in ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) rats more drastically than control MSCs without IFN-γ pretreatment. In addition, administration of IFN-γ MSCs more significantly attenuated renal fibrosis compared with control MSCs. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression levels in conditioned medium from MSCs were enhanced by IFN-γ pretreatment. Moreover, IDO1 knockdown in IFN-γ MSCs reduced their anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects in IRI rats by reducing Treg cell induction. Our findings suggest that the increase of Treg cells induced by enhanced secretion of IDO by IFN-γ MSCs played a pivotal role in their anti-fibrotic effects. Administration of IFN-γ MSCs may potentially be a useful therapy to prevent renal fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Kurawaki
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Ayumu Nakashima
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Naoki Ishiuchi
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Ryo Kanai
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
- TWOCELLS Company, Limited, 16-35 Hijiyama-honmachi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 732-0816, Japan
| | - Kensuke Sasaki
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takao Masaki
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
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Jang JY, Kim HW, Yan J, Kang TK, Lee W, Kim BS, Yang J. Interleukin-2/anti-interleukin-2 immune complex attenuates cold ischemia-reperfusion injury after kidney transplantation by increasing renal regulatory T cells. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1631. [PMID: 38504554 PMCID: PMC10951489 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an unavoidable complication of kidney transplantation. We investigated the role of regulatory T cells (Treg) in cold IRI and whether the interleukin (IL)-2/anti-IL-2 antibody complex (IL-2C) can ameliorate cold IRI. METHODS We developed a cold IRI mouse model using kidney transplantation and analyzed the IL-2C impact on cold IRI in acute, subacute and chronic phases. RESULTS Treg transfer attenuated cold IRI, while Treg depletion aggravated cold IRI. Next, IL-2C administration prior to IRI mitigated acute renal function decline, renal tissue damage and apoptosis and inhibited infiltration of effector cells into kidneys and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression on day 1 after IRI. On day 7 after IRI, IL-2C promoted renal regeneration and reduced subacute renal damage. Furthermore, on day 28 following IRI, IL-2C inhibited chronic fibrosis. IL-2C decreased reactive oxygen species-mediated injury and improved antioxidant function. When IL-2C was administered following IRI, it also increased renal regeneration with Treg infiltration and suppressed renal fibrosis. In contrast, Treg depletion in the presence of IL-2C eliminated the positive effects of IL-2C on IRI. CONCLUSION Tregs protect kidneys from cold IRI and IL-2C inhibited cold IRI by increasing the renal Tregs, suggesting a potential of IL-2C in treating cold IRI. KEY POINTS Interleukin (IL)-2/anti-IL-2 antibody complex attenuated acute renal injury, facilitated subacute renal regeneration and suppressed chronic renal fibrosis after cold ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) by increasing the renal Tregs. IL-2/anti-IL-2 antibody complex decreased reactive oxygen species-mediated injury and improved antioxidant function. This study suggests the therapeutic potential of the IL-2/anti-IL-2 antibody complex in kidney transplantation-associated cold IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Young Jang
- Department of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyung Woo Kim
- Department of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Ji‐Jing Yan
- Department of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyeom Kang
- Natural Product Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologyGangneungRepublic of Korea
| | - Wook‐Bin Lee
- Natural Product Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologyGangneungRepublic of Korea
| | - Beom Seok Kim
- Department of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jaeseok Yang
- Department of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
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Noel S, Newman-Rivera A, Lee K, Gharaie S, Patel S, Singla N, Rabb H. Kidney double positive T cells have distinct characteristics in normal and diseased kidneys. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4469. [PMID: 38396136 PMCID: PMC10891070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54956-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple types of T cells have been described and assigned pathophysiologic functions in the kidneys. However, the existence and functions of TCR+CD4+CD8+ (double positive; DP) T cells are understudied in normal and diseased murine and human kidneys. We studied kidney DPT cells in mice at baseline and after ischemia reperfusion (IR) and cisplatin injury. Additionally, effects of viral infection and gut microbiota were studied. Human kidneys from patients with renal cell carcinoma were evaluated. Our results demonstrate that DPT cells expressing CD4 and CD8 co-receptors constitute a minor T cell population in mouse kidneys. DPT cells had significant Ki67 and PD1 expression, effector/central memory phenotype, proinflammatory cytokine (IFNγ, TNFα and IL-17) and metabolic marker (GLUT1, HKII, CPT1a and pS6) expression at baseline. IR, cisplatin and viral infection elevated DPT cell proportions, and induced distinct functional and metabolic changes. scRNA-seq analysis showed increased expression of Klf2 and Ccr7 and enrichment of TNFα and oxidative phosphorylation related genes in DPT cells. DPT cells constituted a minor population in both normal and cancer portion of human kidneys. In conclusion, DPT cells constitute a small population of mouse and human kidney T cells with distinct inflammatory and metabolic profile at baseline and following kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Noel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Ross 970, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Andrea Newman-Rivera
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Ross 970, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kyungho Lee
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Ross 970, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sepideh Gharaie
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Ross 970, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shishir Patel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Ross 970, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Nirmish Singla
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hamid Rabb
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Ross 970, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Li J, Gong Y, Wang Y, Huang H, Du H, Cheng L, Ma C, Cai Y, Han H, Tao J, Li G, Cheng P. Classification of regulatory T cells and their role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 186:94-106. [PMID: 38000204 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is closely related to the final infarct size in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Therefore, reducing MIRI can effectively improve the prognosis of AMI patients. At the same time, the healing process after AMI is closely related to the local inflammatory microenvironment. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) can regulate various physiological and pathological immune inflammatory responses and play an important role in regulating the immune inflammatory response after AMI. However, different subtypes of Tregs have different effects on MIRI, and the same subtype of Tregs may also have different effects at different stages of MIRI. This article systematically reviews the classification and function of Tregs, as well as the role of various subtypes of Tregs in MIRI. A comprehensive understanding of the role of each subtype of Tregs can help design effective methods to control immune reactions, reduce MIRI, and provide new potential therapeutic options for AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang 641100, China
| | - Yajun Gong
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yiren Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Huihui Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Huan Du
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Lianying Cheng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Cui Ma
- Department of Mathematics, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yongxiang Cai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Hukui Han
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jianhong Tao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Panke Cheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Ultrasound in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Biomechanics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610072, China.
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Luo C, Luo F, Che L, Zhang H, Zhao L, Zhang W, Man X, Bu Q, Luan H, Zhou B, Zhou H, Xu Y. Mesenchymal stem cells protect against sepsis-associated acute kidney injury by inducing Gal-9/Tim-3 to remodel immune homeostasis. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2187229. [PMID: 36883358 PMCID: PMC10013538 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2187229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the specific mechanism by which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) protect against sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI). METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture surgery to induce sepsis and then received either normal IgG or MSCs (1 × 106 cells, intravenously) plus Gal-9 or soluble Tim-3 3 h after surgery. RESULTS After cecal ligation and puncture surgery, the mice injected with Gal-9 or MSCs plus Gal-9 had a higher survival rate than the mice in the IgG treatment group. Treatment with MSCs plus Gal-9 decreased serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, improved tubular function recovery, reduced IL-17 and RORγt levels and induced IL-10 and FOXP3 expression. Additionally, the Th17/Treg cell balance was altered. However, when soluble Tim-3 was used to block the Gal-9/Tim-3 pathway, the septic mice developed kidney injury and exhibited increased mortality. Treatment with MSCs plus soluble Tim-3 blunted the therapeutic effect of MSCs, inhibited the induction of Tregs, and suppressed the inhibition of differentiation into Th17 cells. CONCLUSION Treatment with MSCs significantly reversed the Th1/Th2 balance. Thus, the Gal-9/Tim-3 pathway may be an important mechanism of MSC-mediated protection against SA-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congjuan Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Che
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Man
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Quandong Bu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Luan
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- CONTACT Yan Xu Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Li N, Han L, Wang X, Qiao O, Zhang L, Gong Y. Biotherapy of experimental acute kidney injury: emerging novel therapeutic strategies. Transl Res 2023; 261:69-85. [PMID: 37329950 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex and heterogeneous disease with high incidence and mortality, posing a serious threat to human life and health. Usually, in clinical practice, AKI is caused by crush injury, nephrotoxin exposure, ischemia-reperfusion injury, or sepsis. Therefore, most AKI models for pharmacological experimentation are based on this. The current research promises to develop new biological therapies, including antibody therapy, non-antibody protein therapy, cell therapy, and RNA therapy, that could help mitigate the development of AKI. These approaches can promote renal repair and improve systemic hemodynamics after renal injury by reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory response, organelles damage, and cell death, or activating cytoprotective mechanisms. However, no candidate drugs for AKI prevention or treatment have been successfully translated from bench to bedside. This article summarizes the latest progress in AKI biotherapy, focusing on potential clinical targets and novel treatment strategies that merit further investigation in future pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Nankai District, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Han
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Nankai District, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Nankai District, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ou Qiao
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Nankai District, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Nankai District, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhua Gong
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Nankai District, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China.
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7
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Lao P, Chen J, Tang L, Zhang J, Chen Y, Fang Y, Fan X. Regulatory T cells in lung disease and transplantation. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20231331. [PMID: 37795866 PMCID: PMC10611924 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary disease can refer to the disease of the lung itself or the pulmonary manifestations of systemic diseases, which are often connected to the malfunction of the immune system. Regulatory T (Treg) cells have been shown to be important in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing inflammatory damage, including lung diseases. Given the increasing amount of evidence linking Treg cells to various pulmonary conditions, Treg cells might serve as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of lung diseases and potentially promote lung transplant tolerance. The most potent and well-defined Treg cells are Foxp3-expressing CD4+ Treg cells, which contribute to the prevention of autoimmune lung diseases and the promotion of lung transplant rejection. The protective mechanisms of Treg cells in lung disease and transplantation involve multiple immune suppression mechanisms. This review summarizes the development, phenotype and function of CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells. Then, we focus on the therapeutic potential of Treg cells in preventing lung disease and limiting lung transplant rejection. Furthermore, we discussed the possibility of Treg cell utilization in clinical applications. This will provide an overview of current research advances in Treg cells and their relevant application in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhen Lao
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Longqian Tang
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Yuyin Fang
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Xingliang Fan
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
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8
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Jeyamogan S, Leventhal JR, Mathew JM, Zhang ZJ. CD4 +CD25 +FOXP3 + regulatory T cells: a potential "armor" to shield "transplanted allografts" in the war against ischemia reperfusion injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1270300. [PMID: 37868962 PMCID: PMC10587564 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the advances in therapeutic interventions, solid organ transplantation (SOT) remains the "gold standard" treatment for patients with end-stage organ failure. Recently, vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) has reemerged as a feasible treatment option for patients with complex composite tissue defects. In both SOT and VCA, ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is inevitable and is a predominant factor that can adversely affect transplant outcome by potentiating early graft dysfunction and/or graft rejection. Restoration of oxygenated blood supply to an organ which was previously hypoxic or ischemic for a period of time triggers cellular oxidative stress, production of both, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, infiltration of innate immune cells and amplifies adaptive alloimmune responses in the affected allograft. Currently, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs for the treatment of IRI are unavailable, therefore an efficacious therapeutic modality to prevent, reduce and/or alleviate allograft damages caused by IRI induced inflammation is warranted to achieve the best-possible transplant outcome among recipients. The tolerogenic capacity of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), have been extensively studied in the context of transplant rejection, autoimmunity, and cancer. It was not until recently that Tregs have been recognized as a potential cell therapeutic candidate to be exploited for the prevention and/or treatment of IRI, owing to their immunomodulatory potential. Tregs can mitigate cellular oxidative stress, produce anti-inflammatory cytokines, promote wound healing, and tissue repair and prevent the infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells in injured tissues. By using strategic approaches to increase the number of Tregs and to promote targeted delivery, the outcome of SOT and VCA can be improved. This review focuses on two sections: (a) the therapeutic potential of Tregs in preventing and mitigating IRI in the context of SOT and VCA and (b) novel strategies on how Tregs could be utilized for the prevention and/or treatment of IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareni Jeyamogan
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Joseph R. Leventhal
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - James M. Mathew
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Zheng Jenny Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Microsurgery and Pre-Clinical Research Core, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Liu X, Hu J, Liao G, Liu D, Zhou S, Zhang J, Liao J, Guo Z, Li Y, Yang S, Li S, Chen H, Guo Y, Li M, Fan L, Li L, Zhao M, Liu Y. The role of regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3202-3212. [PMID: 37667551 PMCID: PMC10568672 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is on the rise and is associated with high mortality; however, there are currently few effective treatments. Moreover, the relationship between Tregs and other components of the immune microenvironment (IME) in the pathogenesis of AKI remains unclear. We downloaded four publicly accessible AKI datasets, GSE61739, GSE67401, GSE19130, GSE81741, GSE19288 and GSE106993 from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Additionally, we gathered two kidney single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) samples from the Department of Organ Transplantation at Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University to investigate chronic kidney transplant rejection (CKTR). Moreover, we also collected three samples of normal kidney tissue from GSE131685. By analysing the differences in immune cells between the AKI and Non-AKI groups, we discovered that the Non-AKI group contained a significantly greater number of Tregs than the AKI group. Additionally, the activation of signalling pathways, such as inflammatory molecules secretion, immune response, glycolytic metabolism, NOTCH, FGF, NF-κB and TLR4, was significantly greater in the AKI group than in the Non-AKI group. Additionally, analysis of single-cell sequencing data revealed that Tregs in patients with chronic kidney rejection and in normal kidney tissue have distinct biology, including immune activation, cytokine production, and activation fractions of signalling pathways such as NOTCH and TLR4. In this study, we found significant differences in the IME between AKI and Non-AKI, including differences in Tregs cells and activation levels of biologically significant signalling pathways. Tregs were associated with lower activity of signalling pathways such as inflammatory response, inflammatory molecule secretion, immune activation, glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyou Liu
- Department of Organ transplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jianmin Hu
- Department of Organ transplantationZhujiang Hospital of the Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guorong Liao
- Department of Organ transplantationZhujiang Hospital of the Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ding Liu
- Department of Organ transplantationZhujiang Hospital of the Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Song Zhou
- Department of Organ transplantationZhujiang Hospital of the Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Organ transplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jun Liao
- Department of Organ transplantationZhujiang Hospital of the Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zefeng Guo
- Department of Organ transplantationZhujiang Hospital of the Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuzhu Li
- Department of Organ transplantationZhujiang Hospital of the Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Siqiang Yang
- Department of Organ transplantationZhujiang Hospital of the Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shichao Li
- Department of Organ transplantationZhujiang Hospital of the Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Organ transplantationZhujiang Hospital of the Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Organ transplantationZhujiang Hospital of the Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Min Li
- Department of Organ transplantationZhujiang Hospital of the Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lipei Fan
- Department of Organ transplantationZhujiang Hospital of the Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Liuyang Li
- Department of Organ transplantationZhujiang Hospital of the Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Organ transplantationZhujiang Hospital of the Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yongguang Liu
- Department of Organ transplantationZhujiang Hospital of the Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Liao J, Zhang M, Xu R, Wu R, Shi H, Jin Q, Fang Y, Xu J, Yao K, Xie Y, Ge J. Soluble interleukin-2 receptor predicts acute kidney injury and in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2023; 388:131156. [PMID: 37423564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most common and critical complication in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study aims to evaluate the significance of elevated soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels in predicting AKI and mortality. METHODS A total of 446 patients with AMI were enrolled between January 2020 and July 2022, including 58 patients with AKI and 388 without AKI. The sIL-2R levels were measured using a commercially available chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the risk factors for AKI. Discrimination was assessed based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The model was internally validated using 10-fold cross-validation. RESULTS During hospitalization, 13% of patients developed AKI following AMI, with higher sIL-2R levels (0.61 ± 0.27 U/L vs. 0.42 ± 0.19 U/L, p = 0.003) and in-hospital all-cause mortality (12.1% vs. 2.6%, P < 0.001). The sIL-2R levels emerged as an independent risk factor for both AKI (OR = 5.08, 95% CI (1.04-24.84, p < 0.045) and in-hospital all-cause mortality (OR = 73.57,95% CI 10.24-528.41, p < 0.001) in AMI patients. The sIL-2R levels were found to be useful biomarkers in prediction of AKI and in-hospital all-cause mortality in patients with AMI (AUC: 0.771 and 0.894, respectively). The respective cutoff values for sIL-2R levels in predicting AKI and in-hospital all-cause mortality were determined to be 0.423 U/L and 0.615 U/L. CONCLUSIONS The level of sIL-2R was an independent risk factor and predictor for both AKI and in-hospital all-cause mortality in patients with AMI. These findings highlight the potential of sIL-2R as a valuable tool for identifying high-risk patients regarding AKI and in-hospital mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Rende Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Runda Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Huairui Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiarui Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kang Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yeqing Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Mikami N, Sakaguchi S. Regulatory T cells in autoimmune kidney diseases and transplantation. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:544-557. [PMID: 37400628 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00733-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells that express the transcription factor forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) are naturally present in the immune system and have roles in the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance and immune system and tissue homeostasis. Treg cells suppress T cell activation, expansion and effector functions by various mechanisms, particularly by controlling the functions of antigen-presenting cells. They can also contribute to tissue repair by suppressing inflammation and facilitating tissue regeneration, for example, via the production of growth factors and the promotion of stem cell differentiation and proliferation. Monogenic anomalies of Treg cells and genetic variations of Treg cell functional molecules can cause or predispose patients to the development of autoimmune diseases and other inflammatory disorders, including kidney diseases. Treg cells can potentially be utilized or targeted to treat immunological diseases and establish transplantation tolerance, for example, by expanding natural Treg cells in vivo using IL-2 or small molecules or by expanding them in vitro for adoptive Treg cell therapy. Efforts are also being made to convert antigen-specific conventional T cells into Treg cells and to generate chimeric antigen receptor Treg cells from natural Treg cells for adoptive Treg cell therapies with the aim of achieving antigen-specific immune suppression and tolerance in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihisa Mikami
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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12
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Shashar M, Schwartz D, Zubkov A, Hoffman S, Jankelson L, Shapira S, Merimsky B, Berman J, Chernichovski T, Amitai O, Raz MA, Hershkovitz R, Grupper A, Weinstein T, Arber N, Schwartz IF. Renal Tubular CD24 Upregulation Aggravates Folic Acid Induced Acute Kidney Injury: A Possible Role for T Regulatory Cells Inhibition in Mice. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1134. [PMID: 37511747 PMCID: PMC10381775 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13071134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by cell death and inflammation. CD24 is a protein induced during tissue damage and is not expressed in mature renal tissue. We explored the role of CD24 in the pathogenesis of folic acid-induced AKI (FA-AKI) in mice. A single Intraperitoneal (IP) injection of folic acid induced AKI in WT and CD24-/- mice. Renal function tests, histological analysis, immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and ELISA were performed to assess the severity of renal damage and the intensity of the inflammatory response. FA-AKI induced CD24 in the distal tubular epithelial cells. Compared to WT mice, FA-AKI CD24-/- mice exhibited an attenuated reduction in renal function and histological injury, lower serum IL-10 and interferon γ, and decreased expression of renal TNFα. In contrast, renal and systemic IL-33 upregulation were augmented. CD24-/- FA-AKI animals exhibited increased splenic margination and renal infiltration of regulatory T cells (Tregs). At day 7, FA-AKI CD24-/- mice exhibited increased expression of tubular pro-apoptotic and decreased anti-apoptotic proteins compared to WT animals. Anti-CD24 antibody administration to FA-AKI mice attenuated the decrease in renal function as well as the histological injury. Renal biopsies from patients with ATN stained strongly for CD24 in the distal tubules. In conclusion, during AKI, upregulation of CD24 promotes renal inflammation through inhibition of Treg infiltration and diversion of cell death towards necrosis rather than apoptosis. Neutralization of CD24 may prove a target for future therapies in AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Shashar
- Departments of Nephrology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Laniado Hospital, Netanya 4244916, Israel
| | - Doron Schwartz
- Departments of Nephrology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel
| | - Asia Zubkov
- Pathology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Sarit Hoffman
- Pathology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Lior Jankelson
- Internal Medicine "T", Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Shiran Shapira
- The Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Barak Merimsky
- Departments of Nephrology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Julia Berman
- Internal Medicine "T", Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Tamara Chernichovski
- Departments of Nephrology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Oeren Amitai
- Departments of Nephrology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Michal Ariela Raz
- Internal Medicine "T", Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Rami Hershkovitz
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel
- Internal Medicine "T", Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Ayelet Grupper
- Departments of Nephrology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel
| | - Talia Weinstein
- Departments of Nephrology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel
| | - Nadir Arber
- Departments of Nephrology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- The Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Idit F Schwartz
- Departments of Nephrology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel
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13
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Moore KH, Agarwal A. The Importance of Immune Checkpoint Molecule TIGIT in AKI. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:725-727. [PMID: 36850028 PMCID: PMC10125638 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle H. Moore
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Birmingham Veterans Administration Health Care Services, Birmingham, Alabama
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14
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Kurzhagen JT, Noel S, Lee K, Sadasivam M, Gharaie S, Ankireddy A, Lee SA, Newman-Rivera A, Gong J, Arend LJ, Hamad AR, Reddy SP, Rabb H. T Cell Nrf2/Keap1 Gene Editing Using CRISPR/Cas9 and Experimental Kidney Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:959-973. [PMID: 36734409 PMCID: PMC10171956 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aims: T cells play pathophysiologic roles in kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Nrf2/Keap1) pathway regulates T cell responses. We hypothesized that clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated Keap1-knockout (KO) augments Nrf2 antioxidant potential of CD4+ T cells, and that Keap1-KO CD4+ T cell immunotherapy protects from kidney IRI. Results: CD4+ T cell Keap1-KO resulted in significant increase of Nrf2 target genes NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1, heme oxygenase 1, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit. Keap1-KO cells displayed no signs of exhaustion, and had significantly lower levels of interleukin 2 (IL2) and IL6 in normoxic conditions, but increased interferon gamma in hypoxic conditions in vitro. In vivo, adoptive transfer of Keap1-KO CD4+ T cells before IRI improved kidney function in T cell-deficient nu/nu mice compared with mice receiving unedited control CD4+ T cells. Keap1-KO CD4+ T cells isolated from recipient kidneys 24 h post IR were less activated compared with unedited CD4+ T cells, isolated from control kidneys. Innovation: Editing Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in murine T cells using CRISPR/Cas9 is an innovative and promising immunotherapy approach for kidney IRI and possibly other solid organ IRI. Conclusion: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Keap1-KO increased Nrf2-regulated antioxidant gene expression in murine CD4+ T cells, modified responses to in vitro hypoxia and in vivo kidney IRI. Gene editing targeting the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in T cells is a promising approach for immune-mediated kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna T. Kurzhagen
- Division of Nephrology and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sanjeev Noel
- Division of Nephrology and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kyungho Lee
- Division of Nephrology and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mohanraj Sadasivam
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sepideh Gharaie
- Division of Nephrology and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aparna Ankireddy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sul A. Lee
- Division of Nephrology and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea Newman-Rivera
- Division of Nephrology and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jing Gong
- Division of Nephrology and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lois J. Arend
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Abdel R.A. Hamad
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sekhar P. Reddy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pathology, and University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hamid Rabb
- Division of Nephrology and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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15
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Rogers NM, Zammit N, Nguyen-Ngo D, Souilmi Y, Minhas N, Meijles DN, Self E, Walters SN, Warren J, Cultrone D, El-Rashid M, Li J, Chtanova T, O'Connell PJ, Grey ST. The impact of the cytoplasmic ubiquitin ligase TNFAIP3 gene variation on transcription factor NF-κB activation in acute kidney injury. Kidney Int 2023; 103:1105-1119. [PMID: 37097268 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation is a deleterious molecular mechanism that drives acute kidney injury (AKI) and manifests in transplanted kidneys as delayed graft function. The TNFAIP3 gene encodes A20, a cytoplasmic ubiquitin ligase and a master negative regulator of the NF- κB signaling pathway. Common population-specific TNFAIP3 coding variants that reduce A20's enzyme function and increase NF- κB activation have been linked to heightened protective immunity and autoimmune disease, but have not been investigated in AKI. Here, we functionally identified a series of unique human TNFAIP3 coding variants linked to the autoimmune genome-wide association studies single nucleotide polymorphisms of F127C; namely F127C;R22Q, F127C;G281E, F127C;W448C and F127C;N449K that reduce A20's anti-inflammatory function in an NF- κB reporter assay. To investigate the impact of TNFAIP3 hypomorphic coding variants in AKI we tested a mouse Tnfaip3 hypomorph in a model of ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). The mouse Tnfaip3 coding variant I325N increases NF- κB activation without overt inflammatory disease, providing an immune boost as I325N mice exhibit enhanced innate immunity to a bacterial challenge. Surprisingly, despite exhibiting increased intra-kidney NF- κB activation with inflammation in IRI, the kidney of I325N mice was protected. The I325N variant influenced the outcome of IRI by changing the dynamic expression of multiple cytoprotective mechanisms, particularly by increasing NF- κB-dependent anti-apoptotic factors BCL-2, BCL-XL, c-FLIP and A20, altering the active redox state of the kidney with a reduction of superoxide levels and the enzyme super oxide dismutase-1, and enhancing cellular protective mechanisms including increased Foxp3+ T cells. Thus, TNFAIP3 gene variants represent a kidney and population-specific molecular factor that can dictate the course of IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M Rogers
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Renal and Transplant Medicine Unit, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathan Zammit
- Transplantation Immunology Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Translational Research Pillar, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Danny Nguyen-Ngo
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yassine Souilmi
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Environment Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nikita Minhas
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel N Meijles
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Eleanor Self
- Transplantation Immunology Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Translational Research Pillar, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stacey N Walters
- Transplantation Immunology Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Translational Research Pillar, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joanna Warren
- Transplantation Immunology Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Translational Research Pillar, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniele Cultrone
- Transplantation Immunology Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Translational Research Pillar, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maryam El-Rashid
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer Li
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tatyana Chtanova
- Translational Research Pillar, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Innate and Tumour Immunology Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip J O'Connell
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Renal and Transplant Medicine Unit, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shane T Grey
- Transplantation Immunology Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Translational Research Pillar, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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16
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Gal-9/Tim-3 signaling pathway activation suppresses the generation of Th17 cells and promotes the induction of Foxp3 + regulatory T cells in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mol Immunol 2023; 156:136-147. [PMID: 36921488 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells mediate the pathogenesis of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Emerging research suggests that a Th17/regulatory T cell (Treg) imbalance plays a pivotal role in the development of renal IRI. A recently identified negative checkpoint protein, T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain family 3 (Tim-3), inhibits the immune response by binding to its ligand, galectin-9 (Gal-9). However, the role of the Gal-9/Tim-3 signaling pathway in the regulation of CD4+ T cell subsets in renal IRI remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of the Gal-9/Tim-3 signaling pathway on Th17/Treg subsets in renal IRI using a mouse model. Renal IRI induced the expression of Gal-9 in renal tubular epithelial cells and increased the proportion of Tim-3+ Th17 cells and Tim-3+ forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)+ Treg cells in the ischemia-reperfusion (IR) kidneys. Administration of rAAV9-Gal-9 suppressed kidney inflammation, reduced the mortality of mice with renal IRI, increased Foxp3+ Treg cells, and reduced Th17 cells. In contrast, the blockade of Tim-3 in vivo using an anti-Tim-3 monoclonal antibody aggravated renal inflammation, decreased Foxp3+ Treg cells, and promoted Th17 cells. Thus, Gal-9/Tim-3 signaling pathway activation may protect against renal IRI by inhibiting Th17 cell production and inducing Foxp3+ Treg cell expansion. Our study suggests that the Gal-9/Tim-3 signaling pathway may be targeted by immunotherapy in renal IRI.
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17
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Inhibition of ALKBH5 attenuates I/R-induced renal injury in male mice by promoting Ccl28 m6A modification and increasing Treg recruitment. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1161. [PMID: 36859428 PMCID: PMC9977869 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36747-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). The role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in AKI remains unclear. Here, we characterize the role of AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) and m6A modification in an I/R-induced renal injury model in male mice. Alkbh5-knockout mice exhibit milder pathological damage and better renal function than wild-type mice post-IRI, whereas Alkbh5-knockin mice show contrary results. Also conditional knockout of Alkbh5 in the tubular epithelial cells alleviates I/R-induced AKI and fibrosis. CCL28 is identified as a target of ALKBH5. Furthermore, Ccl28 mRNA stability increases with Alkbh5 deficiency, mediating by the binding of insulin-like growth factor 2 binding protein 2. Treg recruitment is upregulated and inflammatory cells are inhibited by the increased CCL28 level in IRI-Alkbh5fl/flKspCre mice. The ALKBH5 inhibitor IOX1 exhibits protective effects against I/R-induced AKI. In summary, inhibition of ALKBH5 promotes the m6A modifications of Ccl28 mRNA, enhancing its stability, and regulating the Treg/inflammatory cell axis. ALKBH5 and this axis is a potential AKI treatment target.
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18
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Zhang S, Gan X, Gao J, Duan J, Gu A, Chen C. CoQ10 alleviates hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury via inhibiting NLRP3 activity and promoting Tregs infiltration. Mol Immunol 2023; 155:7-16. [PMID: 36640727 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) has been concerned as a main complication of liver surgery and transplantation. Previous studies show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated inflammation response and contribute to the liver damage during IRI. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has shown many beneficial effects on abrogating ROS production and ameliorating liver injury. This study found lower CoQ10 level in the process of liver IRI in a mouse model of hepatic IRI. Meanwhile, our results showed that CoQ10 administration significantly attenuate hepatic IRI proved by HE staining, serum ALT/AST. The NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is activated by ROS which triggers the activation of inflammatory caspases. In this study, NLRP3 was significantly suppressed by CoQ10 while Foxp3 exhibited increased expression in liver. Furthermore, Kupffer cells (KCs) pretreated with CoQ10 under the condition of hypoxia and reoxygenation contributed to improved CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) ratio in co-culture system. Furthermore, NLRP3 inflammasome activator treatment in vivo resulted in higher expression of caspase-1 and NLRP3 and reduction of Tregs in liver, which reversed the protection of CoQ10 in the liver injury. Taken together, our study discovered that CoQ10 can suppress NLRP3 activity in KCs and improves Foxp3+ Tregs differentiation depending on M2 macrophage polarization of KCs to ameliorate hepatic IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing university of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojie Gan
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Gao
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing university of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Aidong Gu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing university of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Changhao Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing university of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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19
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Pei J, Tian X, Yu C, Luo J, Zhang J, Hua Y, Wei G. GPX3 and GSTT1 as biomarkers related to oxidative stress during renal ischemia reperfusion injuries and their relationship with immune infiltration. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1136146. [PMID: 37033969 PMCID: PMC10073559 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1136146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Renal ischemia reperfusion injuries (IRIs) are very common in clinical diagnoses and treatments, which are a common cause of impaired renal functions, worsening pathological damage, affecting disease progression and hindering recovery. Renal IRIs are an inflammatory disease mediated by the adaptive and innate immune system. There is a complex interaction between oxidative stress and immune cell infiltration. Therefore, we aimed to determine biomarkers associated with oxidative stress during renal IRIs and their relationship with immune cell infiltration. Method A differential gene expression analysis was made based on the GSE148420 dataset from the NCBI Gene Expression Comprehensive Database (GEO) combined with 92 oxidative-stress (OS)-related genes identified in the Molecular Signatures Database. Then we identified differentially-expressed genes (DEOSGs) associated with oxidative stress, which were used for gene ontology (GO) and a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. At the same time, we used PPI protein interaction networks and Lasso regression analysis to identify key genes, which were verified by the validation sets GSE58438 and GSE71647, as well as Western Blot detection on rat renal IRI models. At the same time, PAS staining, HE staining and immunohistochemistry were used to detect tissue damage and expression of markers related to oxidative stress during renal ischemia-reperfusion. Single-gene enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to further clarify the underlying biological functions of key genes. Cibersort was used to analyze the immune cell infiltration during renal IRI and the correlation of key genes with immune cells. At the same time, we constructed a network of transcription-factor (TF)-Hub genes and miRNA-Hub genes. DGIDB was used to predict drugs and molecular compounds that might interact with the Hub genes. Results Compared with the control group, a total of 5456 differential genes (DEGs) were measured in the renal IRI group, 2486 of which were upregulated and 2970 were down-regulated. Among them, we found 30 DEGs (DEOSGs) associated with oxidative stress. The results of GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these DEOSGs were mainly enriched in glutathione metabolism, the response to oxidative stress stimulation, the regulation of T cell activation and apoptosis signaling pathways. Through a protein interaction network (PPI) and a LASSO regression analysis, a total of two Hub genes were identified, namely GPX3 and GSTT1, which were validated through external validation sets and animal experiments. Through pathological methods, we found that the pathological damage of renal tissue and the expression of oxidative stress markers increased after renal ischemia-reperfusion. The results of GSEA showed that the Hub genes were related to oxidative stress pathways, apoptosis signaling pathways and immune-response-related signaling pathways. An immunoinfiltration correlation analysis showed that genes GPX3 and GSTT1 were significantly positively correlated with plasma cells and macrophage M0, while were negatively correlated with monocytes and macrophages M1 and M2. Using the Strust, Starbase and DGIDB database, we predicted that 81 transcription factors, 49 miRNAs and 13 drug or molecular compounds might interact with the Hub genes. Conclusion Through a comprehensive analysis of gene expression, our findings may provide new potential biomarkers for the pathogenesis of renal IRIs and a reliable basis for its early diagnosis as well as treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Pei
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaomao Tian
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengjun Yu
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Luo
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Hua
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Guanghui Wei,
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20
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Guo G, Wang Y, Kou W, Gan H. Identifying the molecular mechanisms of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury and predicting potential drugs. Front Genet 2022; 13:1062293. [PMID: 36579331 PMCID: PMC9792148 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1062293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To provide insights into the diagnosis and therapy of SA-AKI via ferroptosis genes. Methods: Based on three datasets (GSE57065, GSE30718, and GSE53771), we used weighted co-expression network analysis to identify the key regulators of SA-AKI, its potential biological functions, and constructed miRNA‒mRNA complex regulatory relationships. We also performed machine learning and in vitro cell experiments to identify ferroptosis genes that are significantly related to SA-AKI in the two datasets. The CIBERSORT algorithm evaluates the degree of infiltration of 22 types of immune cell. We compared the correlation between ferroptosis and immune cells by Pearson's correlation analysis and verified the key genes related to the immune response to reveal potential diagnostic markers. Finally, we predicted the effects of drugs and the potential therapeutic targets for septic kidney injury by pRRophetic. Results: We found 264 coDEGs involving 1800 miRNA molecules that corresponded to 210 coDEGs. The miRNA‒mRNA ceRNA interaction network was constructed to obtain the top-10 hub nodes. We obtained the top-20 ferroptosis genes, 11 of which were in the intersection. We also identified a relationship between ferroptosis genes and the immune cells in the AKI dataset, which showed that neutrophils were activated and that regulatory T cells were surpassed. Finally, we identified EHT1864 and salubrinal as potential therapeutic agents. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the roles of miR-650 and miR-296-3p genes in SA-AKI. Furthermore, we identified OLFM4, CLU, RRM2, SLC2A3, CCL5, ADAMTS1, and EPHX2 as potential biomarkers. The irregular immune response mediated by neutrophils and Treg cells is involved in the development of AKI and shows a correlation with ferroptosis genes. EHT 1864 and salubrinal have potential as drug candidates in patients with septic acute kidney injury.
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21
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Comeau KD, Shokoples BG, Schiffrin EL. Sex Differences in the Immune System in Relation to Hypertension and Vascular Disease. Can J Cardiol 2022; 38:1828-1843. [PMID: 35597532 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality worldwide. Despite intensive research into the mechanisms underlying the development of hypertension, it remains difficult to control blood pressure in a large proportion of patients. Young men have a higher prevalence of hypertension compared with age-matched women, and this holds true until approximately the fifth decade of life. Following the onset of menopause, the incidence of hypertension among women begins to surpass that of men. The immune system has been demonstrated to play a role in the pathophysiology of hypertension, and biological sex and sex hormones can affect the function of innate and adaptive immune cell populations. Recent studies in male and female animal models of hypertension have begun to unravel the relationship among sex, immunity, and hypertension. Hypertensive male animals show a bias toward proinflammatory T-cell subsets, including interleukin (IL) 17-producing TH17 cells, and increased renal infiltration of T cells and inflammatory macrophages. Conversely, premenopausal female animals are largely protected from hypertension, and have a predilection for anti-inflammatory T regulatory cells and production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10. Menopause abrogates female protection from hypertension, which may be due to changes among anti-inflammatory T regulatory cell populations. Since development of novel treatments for hypertension has plateaued, determining the role of sex in the pathophysiology of hypertension may open new therapeutic avenues for both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Comeau
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Brandon G Shokoples
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ernesto L Schiffrin
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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22
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Fu Y, Xiang Y, Li H, Chen A, Dong Z. Inflammation in kidney repair: Mechanism and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108240. [PMID: 35803367 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The kidney has a remarkable ability of repair after acute kidney injury (AKI). However, when injury is severe or persistent, the repair is incomplete or maladaptive and may lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Maladaptive kidney repair involves multiple cell types and multifactorial processes, of which inflammation is a key component. In the process of inflammation, there is a bidirectional interplay between kidney parenchymal cells and the immune system. The extensive and complex crosstalk between renal tubular epithelial cells and interstitial cells, including immune cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, governs the repair and recovery of the injured kidney. Further research in this field is imperative for the discovery of biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for kidney repair. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in the immune response and inflammation during maladaptive kidney repair, analyzing the interaction between immune cells and intrinsic kidney cells, pointing out the potentialities of inflammation-related pathways as therapeutic targets, and discussing the challenges and future research prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Anqun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
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23
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Wang CH, Lu WL, Chiang SL, Tsai TH, Liu SC, Hsieh CH, Su PH, Huang CY, Tsai FJ, Lin YJ, Huang YN. T Cells Mediate Kidney Tubular Injury via Impaired PDHA1 and Autophagy in Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:2556-2570. [PMID: 35731579 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nephropathy is a severe complication of type 1 diabetes (T1DM). However, the interaction between the PDHA1-regulated mechanism and CD4+ T cells in the early stage of kidney tubular injury remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of PDHA1 in the regulation of tubular cells and CD4+ T cells and further to study its interaction in tubular cell injury in T1DM. METHODS Plasma and total RNA were collected from T cells of T1DM patients (n = 35) and healthy donors (n = 33) and evaluated for neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1, PDHA1, and biomarkers of CD4+ T cells including T helper 1 cells (Th1) and regulatory T cells (Treg) markers. HK-2 cells cocultured with CD4+ T cells from T1DM patients or healthy donors (HDs) to evaluate the interaction with CD4+ T cells. RESULTS Increased PDHA1 gene expression levels in CD4+ T cells were positively associated with the plasma level of NGAL in T1DM patients and HDs. Our data demonstrated that the Th1/Treg subsets skewed Th1 in T1DM. Knockdown of PDHA1 in kidney tubular cells decreased ATP/ROS production, NAD/NADH ratio, mitochondrial respiration, and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, PDHA1 depletion induced impaired autophagic flux. Coculture of tubular cells and T1DM T cells showed impaired CPT1A, upregulated FASN, and induced kidney injury. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that Th1 cells induced tubular cell injury through dysregulated metabolic reprogramming and autophagy, thereby indicating a new therapeutic approach for kidney tubular injury in T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsing Wang
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Li Lu
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Lun Chiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsun Tsai
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, Taiwan
| | - Su-Ching Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Pen-Hua Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40242, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University; Taichung 40242, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Lin
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Nan Huang
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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24
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Krupa A, Krupa MM, Pawlak K. Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase 1-The Potential Link between the Innate Immunity and the Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116176. [PMID: 35682852 PMCID: PMC9181334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is of the most common causes of acute kidney injury (AKI); nevertheless, the mechanisms responsible for both early kidney injury and the reparative phase are not fully recognised. The inflammatory response following ischemia is characterised by the crosstalk between cells belonging to the innate immune system-dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells, and renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs). A tough inflammatory response can damage the renal tissue; it may also have a protective effect leading to the repair after IRI. Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), the principal enzyme of the kynurenine pathway (KP), has a broad spectrum of immunological activity from stimulation to immunosuppressive activity in inflamed areas. IDO1 expression occurs in cells of the innate immunity and RTECs during IRI, resulting in local tryptophan (TRP) depletion and generation of kynurenines, and both of these mechanisms contribute to the immunosuppressive effect. Nonetheless, it is unknown if the above mechanism can play a harmful or preventive role in IRI-induced AKI. Despite the scarcity of literature in this field, the current review attempts to present a possible role of IDO1 activation in the regulation of the innate immune system in IRI-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krupa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Mikolaj M. Krupa
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Krystyna Pawlak
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-748-56-00
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25
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Lee K, Jang HR. Role of T cells in ischemic acute kidney injury and repair. Korean J Intern Med 2022; 37:534-550. [PMID: 35508946 PMCID: PMC9082442 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2021.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common medical problem with significant mortality and morbidity, affecting a large number of patients globally. Ischemic AKI is associated with intrarenal inflammation as well as systemic inflammation; thus, the innate and adaptive immune systems are implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemic AKI. Among various intrarenal immune cells, T cells play major roles in the injury process and in the repair mechanism affecting AKI to chronic kidney disease transition. Importantly, T cells also participate in distant organ crosstalk during AKI, which affects the overall outcomes. Therefore, targeting T cell-mediated pathways and T cell-based therapies have therapeutic promise for ischemic AKI. Here, we review the major populations of kidney T cells and their roles in ischemic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungho Lee
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ryoun Jang
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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26
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Ke R, Zhu Y, Deng F, Xu D. Renal Involvement in IPEX Syndrome With a Novel Mutation of FOXP3: A Case Report. Front Genet 2022; 12:752775. [PMID: 35186001 PMCID: PMC8847221 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.752775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome is a rare genetic disease characterized by multiple immune disorders. Different mutations of the FOXP3 gene may lead to distinct clinical manifestations. Here, we present a rare case of IPEX syndrome caused by a novel variant of FOXP3. Clinical manifestations include autoimmune hemolysis, bronchiectasis, diarrhea, and proteinuria but without diabetes or other endocrine disorders. The diagnosis of IPEX syndrome was confirmed by whole-exon sequencing. Supportive treatment did not ameliorate the patient’s symptoms, while immunosuppressive therapy showed a promising efficacy. The patient we reported will improve the understanding of renal manifestations in IPEX syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Ke
- Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Daliang Xu
- Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
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27
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Venkatadri R, Sabapathy V, Dogan M, Mohammad S, Harvey S, Simpson SR, Grayson J, Yan N, Perrino FW, Sharma R. Targeting Bcl6 in the TREX1 D18N murine model ameliorates autoimmunity by modulating T follicular helper cells and Germinal center B cells. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:825-834. [PMID: 35112355 PMCID: PMC9089306 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Three Prime Repair EXonuclease I (TREX1) is critical for degrading post‐apoptosis DNA. Mice expressing catalytically inactive TREX1 (TREX1 D18N) develop lupus‐like autoimmunity due to chronic sensing of undegraded TREX1 DNA substrates, production of the inflammatory cytokines, and the inappropriate activation of innate and adaptive immunity. This study aimed to investigate Thelper (Th) dysregulation in the TREX1 D18N model system as a potential mechanism for lupus‐like autoimmunity. Comparison of immune cells in secondary lymphoid organs, spleen and peripheral lymph nodes (LNs) between TREX1 D18N mice and the TREX1 null mice revealed that the TREX1 D18N mice exhibit a Th1 bias. Additionally, the T‐follicular helper cells (Tfh) and the germinal celter (GC) B cells were also elevated in the TREX1 D18N mice. Targeting Bcl6, a lineage‐defining transcription factor for Tfh and GC B cells, with a commercially available Bcl6 inhibitor, FX1, attenuated Tfh, GC, and Th1 responses, and rescued TREX1 D18N mice from autoimmunity. The study presents Tfh and GC B‐cell responses as potential targets in autoimmunity and that Bcl6 inhibitors may offer therapeutic approach in TREX1‐associated or other lupus‐like diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Venkatadri
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Vikram Sabapathy
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Murat Dogan
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Saleh Mohammad
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Scott Harvey
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Sean R Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Jason Grayson
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Nan Yan
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Fred W Perrino
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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28
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HIF-1α modulates sex-specific Th17/Treg responses during hepatic amoebiasis. J Hepatol 2022; 76:160-173. [PMID: 34599999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS An invasive form of intestinal Entamoeba (E.) histolytica infection, which causes amoebic liver abscess, is more common in men than in women. Immunopathological mechanisms are responsible for the more severe outcome in males. Here, we used a mouse model of hepatic amoebiasis to investigate the contribution of hepatic hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α to T helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory T cell (Treg) responses in the context of the sex-specific outcome of liver damage. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were infected intrahepatically with E. histolytica trophozoites. HIF-1α expression was determined by qPCR, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Tregs and Th17 cells were analysed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Finally, male and female hepatocyte-specific Hif1α knockout mice were generated, and the effect of HIF-1α on abscess development, the cytokine milieu, and Th17/Treg differentiation was examined. RESULTS E. histolytica infection increased hepatic HIF-1α levels, along with the elevated frequencies of hepatic Th17 and Treg cells. While the Th17 cell population was larger in male mice, Tregs characterised by increased expression of Foxp3 in female mice. Male mice displayed increased IL-6 expression, contributing to immunopathology; this increase in IL-6 expression declined upon deletion of hepatic HIF-1α. In both sexes, hepatic deletion of HIF-1α reduced the Th17 cell frequency; however, the percentage of Tregs was reduced in female mice only. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic HIF-1α modulates the sex-specific outcome of murine E. histolytica infection. Our results suggest that in male mice, Th17 cells can be modulated by hepatic HIF-1α via IL-6, indicating marked involvement in the immunopathology underlying abscess development. Strong expression of Foxp3 by hepatic Tregs from female mice suggests a potent immunosuppressive function, leading to initiation of liver regeneration. LAY SUMMARY Infection with the parasite Entamoeba histolytica activates immunopathological mechanisms in male mice, which lead to liver abscesses that are larger than those in female mice. In the absence of the protein HIF-1α in hepatocytes, abscess formation is reduced; moreover, the sex difference in abscess size is abolished. These results suggest that HIF-1α modulates the immune response involved in the induction of immunopathology, resulting in differential disease susceptibility in males and females.
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Kubat GB, Kartal Y, Atalay O, Ulger O, Ekinci O, Celik E, Safali M, Urkan M, Karahan S, Ozler M, Cicek Z, Budak MT. Investigation of the effect of isolated mitochondria transplantation on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 433:115780. [PMID: 34756876 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) injury is clinically important in many surgical practice including kidney transplantation. It is known that mitochondria have a key role in the intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways of ischemia and reperfusion injury. In this respect, we pointed to explore the probable effects of isolated mitochondria transplantation from MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells), to alleviate ischemia/reperfusion-induced renal injury. Experiments were held on the 48 male Sprague Dawley rats. Groups were divided as Control (C1), I/R-Control (C2), Vehicle-1 (V1), Vehicle-2 (V2), Transplantation-1 (T1) and Transplantation-2 (T2) group. Unilaterally nephrectomy was performed in all groups. In the groups except the control, the left kidneys ischemized for 45 min and then reperfusion was carried out. According to the study groups, isolated mitochondria or vehicle infused into the renal cortex and rats were monitored for 48 h. Following that mentioned procedure, animals were sacrificed and biological samples were taken for physiological, histological and biochemical examinations. The results of present study show that mitochondrial transplantation promoted proliferation and regeneration of tubular cells after renal injury. Moreover, mitochondrial transplantation reduced mitochondrial dynamics-DRP-1 fission protein of tubular cells and reversed renal deficits. Mitochondrial transplantation diminished apoptotic markers including TUNEL and Caspase-3 levels in injured renal cells. Our results provide a direct link between mitochondria dysfunction and ischemia/reperfusion-induced renal injury and suggest a therapeutic effect of transplanting isolated mitochondria obtained from MSCs against renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Burcin Kubat
- Department of Exercise and Sports Physiology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pathology, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Kartal
- Department of Physiology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozbeyen Atalay
- Department of Physiology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oner Ulger
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Ekinci
- Department of Pathology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Celik
- Department of Pathology, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mukerrem Safali
- Department of Pathology, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Urkan
- Department of General Surgery Service, Training and Research Hospital, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Sevilay Karahan
- Department of Biostatistics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ozler
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zehra Cicek
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
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30
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Karkanitsa M, Fathi P, Ngo T, Sadtler K. Mobilizing Endogenous Repair Through Understanding Immune Reaction With Biomaterials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:730938. [PMID: 34917594 PMCID: PMC8670074 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.730938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With few exceptions, humans are incapable of fully recovering from severe physical trauma. Due to these limitations, the field of regenerative medicine seeks to find clinically viable ways to repair permanently damaged tissue. There are two main approaches to regenerative medicine: promoting endogenous repair of the wound, or transplanting a material to replace the injured tissue. In recent years, these two methods have fused with the development of biomaterials that act as a scaffold and mobilize the body's natural healing capabilities. This process involves not only promoting stem cell behavior, but by also inducing activity of the immune system. Through understanding the immune interactions with biomaterials, we can understand how the immune system participates in regeneration and wound healing. In this review, we will focus on biomaterials that promote endogenous tissue repair, with discussion on their interactions with the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kaitlyn Sadtler
- Section on Immuno-Engineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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31
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Li W, Wang D, Yue R, Chen X, Liu A, Xu H, Teng P, Wang Z, Zou Y, Xu X, Zhao H, Li R, Fu Y, Guo L, Ni C, Fan J, Ma L. Gut microbes enlarged the protective effect of transplanted regulatory B cells on rejection of cardiac allografts. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021; 40:1502-1516. [PMID: 34742645 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory B cells (Bregs) play an important role in maintaining immune homeostasis and have the potential to induce tolerance. Previous work has found that Breg cells are involved in heart transplantation tolerance. However, the effect of Breg on the transplantation tolerance and the underlying mechanisms remain to be clarified. METHODS Using a within-species heart transplantation model, we aimed to investigate the role of CD19+CD5+CD1dhigh Bregs isolated from transplanted mice in preventing transplant rejection in vivo. We also explored the effects of CD40 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) ubiquitin ligase on Breg-mediated prolongation of survival in heart transplant (HT) mice, and the regulatory effects of downstream Cdk4 and Cdk6 proteins on dendritic cells (DCs), which clarified the function and molecular mechanism of Breg cells in HT mice. RESULTS Our data suggest that adoptive transfer of the transplanted Bregs served as an effective tolerance-inducing mechanism in HT mice and was involved in the CD40-TRAF6 signaling pathway in DCs. Moreover, DCs collected from the Breg treated HT mice also prolonged the survival of HT mice. Furthermore, DC-specific knockout of TRAF6 diminished Breg-mediated prolongation of survival in HT mice. Interestingly, gut microbes from donors increased the survival of cardiac allografts both in both the absence and presence of Bregs but were not implicated in CD40-TRAF6 signaling. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal a role of Breg cells in the induction of transplantation tolerance through the blockade of the CD40-TRAF6 signaling pathway, which might be used in the treatment of HT in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dimin Wang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Reproductive endocrinology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongcai Yue
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aixia Liu
- Department of Reproductive endocrinology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongfei Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Teng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingjie Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haige Zhao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renyuan Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yufei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengyao Ni
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingya Fan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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32
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Li W, Wang C, Lv H, Wang Z, Zhao M, Liu S, Gou L, Zhou Y, Li J, Zhang J, Li L, Wang Y, Lou P, Wu L, Zhou L, Chen Y, Lu Y, Cheng J, Han YP, Cao Q, Huang W, Tong N, Fu X, Liu J, Zheng X, Berggren PO. A DNA Nanoraft-Based Cytokine Delivery Platform for Alleviation of Acute Kidney Injury. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18237-18249. [PMID: 34723467 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytokine immunotherapy represents an attractive strategy to stimulate robust immune responses for renal injury repair in ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI). However, its clinical application is hindered by its nonspecificity to kidney, short circulation half-life, and severe side effects. An ideal cytokine immunotherapy for AKI requires preferential delivery of cytokines with accurate dosage to the kidney and sustained-release of cytokines to stimulate the immune responses. Herein, we developed a DNA nanoraft cytokine by precisely arranging interleukin-33 (IL-33) nanoarray on rectangle DNA origami, through which IL-33 can be preferentially delivered to the kidney for alleviation of AKI. A nanoraft carrying precisely quantified IL-33 predominantly accumulated in the kidney for up to 48 h. Long-term sustained-release of IL-33 from nanoraft induced rapid expansion of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC 2s) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) and achieved better treatment efficiency compared to free IL-33 treatment. Thus, our study demonstrates that a nanoraft can serve as a structurally well-defined delivery platform for cytokine immunotherapy in ischemic AKI and other renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengshi Wang
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hui Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, The Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhenghao Wang
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liping Gou
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Juan Li
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lan Li
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yizhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Peng Lou
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Core facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Core facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Younan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanrong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan-Ping Han
- The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, The College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Nanwei Tong
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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Cao C, Yao Y, Zeng R. Lymphocytes: Versatile Participants in Acute Kidney Injury and Progression to Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:729084. [PMID: 34616308 PMCID: PMC8488268 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.729084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a major global public health concern due to its high morbidity and mortality. The progression from AKI to chronic kidney disease (CKD) makes it a scientific problem to be solved. However, it is with lack of effective treatments. Summary: Both innate and adaptive immune systems participate in the inflammatory process during AKI, and excessive or dysregulated immune responses play a pathogenic role in renal fibrosis, which is an important hallmark of CKD. Studies on the pathogenesis of AKI and CKD have clarified that renal injury induces the production of various chemokines by renal parenchyma cells or resident immune cells, which recruits multiple-subtype lymphocytes in circulation. Some infiltrated lymphocytes exacerbate injury by proinflammatory cytokine production, cytotoxicity, and interaction with renal resident cells, which constructs the inflammatory environment and induces further injury, even death of renal parenchyma cells. Others promote tissue repair by producing protective cytokines. In this review, we outline the diversity of these lymphocytes and their mechanisms to regulate the whole pathogenic stages of AKI and CKD; discuss the chronological responses and the plasticity of lymphocytes related to AKI and CKD progression; and introduce the potential therapies targeting lymphocytes of AKI and CKD, including the interventions of chemokines, cytokines, and lymphocyte frequency regulation in vivo, adaptive transfer of ex-expanded lymphocytes, and the treatments of gut microbiota or metabolite regulations based on gut-kidney axis. Key Message: In the process of AKI and CKD, T helper (Th) cells, innate, and innate-like lymphocytes exert mainly pathogenic roles, while double-negative T (DNT) cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are confirmed to be protective. Understanding the mechanisms by which lymphocytes mediate renal injury and renal fibrosis is necessary to promote the development of specific therapeutic strategies to protect from AKI and prevent the progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujin Cao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Yao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zhang D, Wang Y, Zeng S, Zhang M, Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Wang X, Hu X. Integrated Analysis of Prognostic Genes Associated With Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Renal Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:747020. [PMID: 34557203 PMCID: PMC8452995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.747020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) remains an inevitable and major challenge in renal transplantation. The current study aims to obtain deep insights into underlying mechanisms and seek prognostic genes as potential therapeutic targets for renal IRI (RIRI). Methods After systematically screening the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we collected gene expression profiles of over 1,000 specimens from 11 independent cohorts. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by comparing allograft kidney biopsies taken before and after reperfusion in the discovery cohort and further validated in another two independent transplant cohorts. Then, graft survival analysis and immune cell analysis of DEGs were performed in another independent renal transplant cohort with long-term follow-ups to further screen out prognostic genes. Cell type and time course analyses were performed for investigating the expression pattern of prognostic genes in more dimensions utilizing a mouse RIRI model. Finally, two novel genes firstly identified in RIRI were verified in the mouse model and comprehensively analyzed to investigate potential mechanisms. Results Twenty DEGs upregulated in the process of RIRI throughout different donor types (living donors, cardiac and brain death donors) were successfully identified and validated. Among them, upregulation of 10 genes was associated with poor long-term allograft outcomes and exhibited strong correlations with prognostic immune cells, like macrophages. Furthermore, certain genes were found to be only differentially expressed in specific cell types and remained with high expression levels even months after RIRI in the mouse model, which processed the potential to serve as therapeutic targets. Importantly, two newly identified genes in RIRI, Btg2 and Rhob, were successfully confirmed in the mouse model and found to have strong connections with NF-κB signaling. Conclusions We successfully identified and validated 10 IRI-associated prognostic genes in renal transplantation across different donor types, and two novel genes with crucial roles in RIRI were recognized for the first time. Our findings offered promising potential therapeutic targets for RIRI in renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yicun Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Song Zeng
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zijian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Key Laboratory for Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Hu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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The semaphorin 4A-neuropilin 1 axis alleviates kidney ischemia reperfusion injury by promoting the stability and function of regulatory T cells. Kidney Int 2021; 100:1268-1281. [PMID: 34534552 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested the role of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in protection against kidney ischemia reperfusion injury via their immunosuppressive properties. Unfortunately, the associated mechanisms of Tregs in kidney ischemia reperfusion injury have not been fully elucidated. Semaphorin 4A (Sema4A) is essential for maintaining the immunosuppressive capacity of Tregs in tumors. However, whether Sema4A can alleviate kidney ischemia reperfusion injury through Tregs has not yet been demonstrated. Here, we investigated the effect and mechanism of Sema4A on the development of kidney ischemia reperfusion injury. Administration of recombinant human Sema4A-Fc chimera protein prior to ischemia reperfusion injury promoted the expansion and function of Tregs and decreased the accumulation of neutrophils and proinflammatory macrophages thereby attenuating functional and histological injury of the injured kidneys. Depletion of Tregs abrogated the protective effect of Sema4A on kidney ischemia reperfusion injury, suggesting Tregs as the main target cell type for Sema4A in the development of this injury. Mechanistically, Sema4A bound to neuropilin 1 (Nrp1), a cell surface receptor for Sema4A and other ligands and a key regulator of Tregs, which then promoted recruitment of phosphatase and tensin homologue and suppressed the Akt-mTOR pathway in Foxp3Cre mice but not in Nrp1f/fFoxp3Cre mice. Consistently, Treg-specific deletion of Nrp1 blocked the effect of Sema4A on the expansion and function of Treg cells. Thus, our results demonstrate that the Sema4A-Nrp1 axis alleviates the development of ischemia reperfusion injury by promoting the stability and function of Tregs in mouse kidneys.
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36
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Torosyan R, Huang S, Bommi PV, Tiwari R, An SY, Schonfeld M, Rajendran G, Kavanaugh MA, Gibbs B, Truax AD, Bohney S, Calcutt MW, Kerr EW, Leonardi R, Gao P, Chandel NS, Kapitsinou PP. Hypoxic preconditioning protects against ischemic kidney injury through the IDO1/kynurenine pathway. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109547. [PMID: 34407414 PMCID: PMC8487442 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged cellular hypoxia leads to energetic failure and death. However, sublethal hypoxia can trigger an adaptive response called hypoxic preconditioning. While prolyl-hydroxylase (PHD) enzymes and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) have been identified as key elements of oxygen-sensing machinery, the mechanisms by which hypoxic preconditioning protects against insults remain unclear. Here, we perform serum metabolomic profiling to assess alterations induced by two potent cytoprotective approaches, hypoxic preconditioning and pharmacologic PHD inhibition. We discover that both approaches increase serum kynurenine levels and enhance kynurenine biotransformation, leading to preservation of NAD+ in the post-ischemic kidney. Furthermore, we show that indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (Ido1) deficiency abolishes the systemic increase of kynurenine and the subsequent renoprotection generated by hypoxic preconditioning and PHD inhibition. Importantly, exogenous administration of kynurenine restores the hypoxic preconditioning in the context of Ido1 deficiency. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a critical role of the IDO1-kynurenine axis in mediating hypoxic preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Torosyan
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Shengping Huang
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Prashant V Bommi
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ratnakar Tiwari
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Si Young An
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Schonfeld
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ganeshkumar Rajendran
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Matthew A Kavanaugh
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Benjamin Gibbs
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | | | - M Wade Calcutt
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Evan W Kerr
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Roberta Leonardi
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center Metabolomics Core, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center Metabolomics Core, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pinelopi P Kapitsinou
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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37
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Sun Y, Tan J, Miao Y, Zhang Q. The role of PD-L1 in the immune dysfunction that mediates hypoxia-induced multiple organ injury. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:76. [PMID: 34256773 PMCID: PMC8276205 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00742-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a pathological condition common to many diseases, although multiple organ injuries induced by hypoxia are often overlooked. There is increasing evidence to suggest that the hypoxic environment may activate innate immune cells and suppress adaptive immunity, further stimulating inflammation and inhibiting immunosurveillance. We found that dysfunctional immune regulation may aggravate hypoxia-induced tissue damage and contribute to secondary injury. Among the diverse mechanisms of hypoxia-induced immune dysfunction identified to date, the role of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has recently attracted much attention. Besides leading to tumour immune evasion, PD-L1 has also been found to participate in the progression of the immune dysfunction which mediates hypoxia-induced multiple organ injury. In this review, we aimed to summarise the role of immune dysfunction in hypoxia-induced multiple organ injury, the effects of hypoxia on the cellular expression of PD-L1, and the effects of upregulated PD-L1 expression on immune regulation. Furthermore, we summarise the latest information pertaining to the involvement, diagnostic value, and therapeutic potential of immunosuppression induced by PD-L1 in various types of hypoxia-related diseases, including cancers, ischemic stroke, acute kidney injury, and obstructive sleep apnoea. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Anshan Road NO.154, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Jin Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Anshan Road NO.154, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | | | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Anshan Road NO.154, Tianjin, 300052 China
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38
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Novel Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Kidney Transplantation. TRANSPLANTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/transplantology2020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the most important mechanisms involved in delayed or reduced graft function after kidney transplantation. It is a complex pathophysiological process, followed by a pro-inflammatory response that enhances the immunogenicity of the graft and the risk of acute rejection. Many biologic processes are involved in its development, such as transcriptional reprogramming, the activation of apoptosis and cell death, endothelial dysfunction and the activation of the innate and adaptive immune response. Recent evidence has highlighted the importance of complement activation in IRI cascade, which expresses a pleiotropic action on tubular cells, on vascular cells (pericytes and endothelial cells) and on immune system cells. The effects of IRI in the long term lead to interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, which contribute to chronic graft dysfunction and subsequently graft failure. Furthermore, several metabolic alterations occur upon IRI. Metabolomic analyses of IRI detected a “metabolic profile” of this process, in order to identify novel biomarkers that may potentially be useful for both early diagnosis and monitoring the therapeutic response. The aim of this review is to update the most relevant molecular mechanisms underlying IRI, and also to discuss potential therapeutic targets in future clinical practice.
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Luo Y, Guo J, Zhang P, Cheuk YC, Jiang Y, Wang J, Xu S, Rong R. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Protects Injured Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells by Regulating mTOR-Mediated Th17/Treg Axis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:684197. [PMID: 34122446 PMCID: PMC8194268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.684197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in T helper 17 cell (Th17)-mediated pro-inflammatory response and decrease in regulatory T cell (Treg)-mediated anti-inflammatory effect aggravate renal tubular epithelial cell (RTEC) injury. However, increasing evidence indicated that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) possessed the ability to control the imbalance between Th17 and Treg. Given that Th17 and Treg are derived from a common CD4+ T cell precursor, we summarize the current knowledge of MSC-mediated inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is a master regulator of CD4+ T cell polarization. During CD4+ T cell differentiation, mTOR signaling mediates Th17 and Treg differentiation via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)-dependent metabolic regulation and signaling pathway, as well as mTOR-mediated phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 and 5. Through interfering with mTOR signaling, MSC restrains CD4+ T cell differentiation into Th17, but in turn promotes Treg generation. Thus, this review indicates that MSC-mediated Th17-to-Treg polarization is expected to act as new immunotherapy for kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Luo
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingbao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Celeste Cheuk
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yamei Jiang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shihao Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiming Rong
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
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40
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Ali R, Patel S, Hussain T. Angiotensin type 2 receptor activation limits kidney injury during the early phase and induces Treg cells during the late phase of renal ischemia. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F814-F825. [PMID: 33719572 PMCID: PMC8424555 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00507.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney infiltrating immune cells such as monocytes, neutrophils, and T cells play critical roles in renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and repair. Recently, the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) has been implicated in protecting kidneys against injury and monocyte infiltration, particularly in chronic kidney disease. However, the role of AT2R in IR injury and repair phases and T cell modulation is unknown. To address this question, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to IR with or without AT2R agonist C21 treatment. IR caused early (2 h postreperfusion) renal functional injury (proteinuria, plasma urea, and creatinine) and enhanced immune cells (T cells and CD4 T cells) infiltration and levels of the proinflammatory cytokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, TNF-α, and IL-6. C21 treatment reversed these changes but increased the anti-inflammatory IL-10 level. On day 3, C21 treatment increased CD4+FoxP3+ (regulatory T cells) and CD4+IL-10+ cells and reduced kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in the kidney compared with the IR control, suggesting the involvement of AT2R in kidney repair. These data indicate that AT2R activation protects the kidney against IR injury and immune cell infiltration in the early phase and modulates CD4 T cells toward the regulatory T cell phenotype, which may have long-term beneficial effects on kidney function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The angiotensin II type 2 receptor agonist C21 has been known to have a renoprotective role in various kidney pathologies. C21 treatment (before renal ischemia) attenuated postischemic kidney injury, kidney dysfunction, and immune cell infiltration during the injury phase. Also, C21 treatment modulated the kidney microenvironment by enhancing anti-inflammatory responses mainly mediated by IL-10. During the repair phase, C21 treatment enhanced IL-10-secreting CD4 T cells and FoxP3-secreting regulatory T cells in Sprague-Dawley rats.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Kidney Injury/immunology
- Acute Kidney Injury/metabolism
- Acute Kidney Injury/pathology
- Acute Kidney Injury/prevention & control
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/immunology
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Phenotype
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/agonists
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/metabolism
- Reperfusion Injury/immunology
- Reperfusion Injury/metabolism
- Reperfusion Injury/pathology
- Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control
- Signal Transduction
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Thiophenes/pharmacology
- Time Factors
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyasat Ali
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Sanket Patel
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Tahir Hussain
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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Watari S, Araki M, Wada K, Yoshinaga K, Maruyama Y, Mitsui Y, Sadahira T, Kubota R, Nishimura S, Kobayashi Y, Takeuchi H, Tanabe K, Kitagawa M, Morinaga H, Kitamura S, Sugiyama H, Wada J, Watanabe M, Watanabe T, Nasu Y. ABO Blood Incompatibility Positively Affects Early Graft Function: Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study. Transplant Proc 2021; 53:1494-1500. [PMID: 33931247 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the association between ABO-incompatible (ABO-I) kidney transplantation and early graft function. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 95 patients who underwent living donor kidney transplantation between May 2009 and July 2019. It included 61 ABO-compatible (ABO-C) and 34 ABO-I transplantations. We extracted data on immunologic profile, sex, age, cold ischemic time, type of immunosuppression, and graft function. Two definitions were used for slow graft function (SGF) as follows: postoperative day (POD) 3 serum creatinine level >3 mg/dL and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <20 mL/min/1.73 m2. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the effect of ABO-I on the incidence of SGF. RESULTS The characteristics between the ABO-C and ABO-I were not different. ABO-I received rituximab and plasma exchange. Patients also received tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil for 2 weeks and prednisolone for 1 week before transplantation as preconditioning. Of the 95 study patients, 19 (20%) and 21 (22%) were identified with SGF according to POD 3 serum creatinine level or eGFR, respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed that ABO-I significantly reduced the incidence of SGF (odds ratio, 0.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.7; P = .02), and cold ischemic time >150 min increased the incidence of SGF (odds ratio, 6.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-25; P = .006). Similar results were identified in POD 3 eGFR. Inferior graft function in patients with SGF was identified up to 6 months after transplantation. CONCLUSION ABO-I reduces the incidence of SGF, which is associated with an inferior graft function up to 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Watari
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Motoo Araki
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Wada
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kasumi Yoshinaga
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Maruyama
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yosuke Mitsui
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takuya Sadahira
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Risa Kubota
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shingo Nishimura
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hidemi Takeuchi
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Tanabe
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masashi Kitagawa
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morinaga
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinji Kitamura
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jun Wada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masami Watanabe
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toyohiko Watanabe
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Nasu
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
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42
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Sommer K, Wiendl M, Müller TM, Heidbreder K, Voskens C, Neurath MF, Zundler S. Intestinal Mucosal Wound Healing and Barrier Integrity in IBD-Crosstalk and Trafficking of Cellular Players. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:643973. [PMID: 33834033 PMCID: PMC8021701 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.643973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial barrier is carrying out two major functions: restricting the entry of potentially harmful substances while on the other hand allowing the selective passage of nutrients. Thus, an intact epithelial barrier is vital to preserve the integrity of the host and to prevent development of disease. Vice versa, an impaired intestinal epithelial barrier function is a hallmark in the development and perpetuation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Besides a multitude of genetic, molecular and cellular alterations predisposing for or driving barrier dysintegrity in IBD, the appearance of intestinal mucosal wounds is a characteristic event of intestinal inflammation apparently inducing breakdown of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Upon injury, the intestinal mucosa undergoes a wound healing process counteracting this breakdown, which is controlled by complex mechanisms such as epithelial restitution, proliferation and differentiation, but also immune cells like macrophages, granulocytes and lymphocytes. Consequently, the repair of mucosal wounds is dependent on a series of events including coordinated trafficking of immune cells to dedicated sites and complex interactions among the cellular players and other mediators involved. Therefore, a better understanding of the crosstalk between epithelial and immune cells as well as cell trafficking during intestinal wound repair is necessary for the development of improved future therapies. In this review, we summarize current concepts on intestinal mucosal wound healing introducing the main cellular mediators and their interplay as well as their trafficking characteristics, before finally discussing the clinical relevance and translational approaches to therapeutically target this process in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sommer
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Wiendl
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tanja M Müller
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karin Heidbreder
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Caroline Voskens
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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43
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Anders HJ, Wilkens L, Schraml B, Marschner J. One concept does not fit all: the immune system in different forms of acute kidney injury. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 36:29-38. [PMID: 32337558 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal and immune systems maintain body homoeostasis during physiological fluctuations and following tissue injury. The immune system plays a central role during acute kidney injury (AKI), adapting evolutional systems programmed for host defence and minimizing unnecessary collateral damage. Indeed, depending upon the disease context, the impact of the immune system upon the manifestations and consequences of AKI can be quite different. Here we provide an overview of the known and unknown involvement of the immune system within the wide range of different forms of AKI, to oppose oversimplification and to endorse deeper insights into the pathogenesis of the different diseases causing kidney injury. This approach may help to overcome some of the current hurdles in translational AKI research and the development of specific treatments for the different diseases, all presenting with an acute increase in serum creatinine or decline in urinary output. One concept does not fit all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Anders
- Department of Medicine IV, Renal Division, University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Louise Wilkens
- Department of Medicine IV, Renal Division, University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Schraml
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Julian Marschner
- Department of Medicine IV, Renal Division, University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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44
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Yamakawa K, Tajima G, Keegan JW, Nakahori Y, Guo F, Seshadri AJ, Cahill LA, Lederer JA. Trauma induces expansion and activation of a memory-like Treg population. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 109:645-656. [PMID: 32531832 PMCID: PMC10228755 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a0520-122r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are acutely activated by traumatic injury, which suggests that they may react to injury with similar kinetics as memory T cells. Here, we used a mouse burn trauma model to screen for memory-like T cell responses to injury by transferring T cells from sham or burn CD45.1 mice into CD45.2 mice and performing secondary injuries in recipient mice. Among all T cell subsets that were measured, only Tregs expanded in response to secondary injury. The expanded Tregs were a CD44high /CD62Llow subpopulation, markers indicative of memory T cells. CyTOF (cytometry by time-of-flight) mass cytometry was used to demonstrate that injury-expanded Tregs expressed higher levels of CD44, CTLA-4, ICOS, GITR, and Helios than Tregs from noninjured mice. Next, we tested whether a similar population of Tregs might react acutely to burn trauma. We observed that Tregs with a phenotype that matched the injury-expanded Tregs were activated by 6 h after injury. To test if Treg activation by trauma requires functional MHC class II, we measured trauma-induced Treg activation in MHC class II gene deficient (MHCII-/- ) mice or in mice that were given Fab fragment of anti-MHC class II antibody to block TCR activation. Injury-induced Treg activation occurred in normal mice but only partial activation was detected in MHCII-/- mice or in mice that were given Fab anti-MHCII antibody. These findings demonstrate that trauma activates a memory-like Treg subpopulation and that Treg activation by injury is partially dependent on TCR signaling by an MHC class II dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Yamakawa
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Goro Tajima
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Unit of Clinical Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Joshua W. Keegan
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yasutaka Nakahori
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fei Guo
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anupamaa J. Seshadri
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura A. Cahill
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James A. Lederer
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Greater high-mobility group box 1 in male compared with female spontaneously hypertensive rats worsens renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:1751-1762. [PMID: 32608481 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Renal ischemia is the most common cause of acute kidney injury. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) initiate an inflammatory response and contribute to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in males, yet the contribution of DAMPs to IR injury in females is unknown. The goal of the current study was to test the hypothesis that males have greater increases in the DAMP high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), worsening injury compared with females. Thirteen-week-old male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were subjected to sham or 45-min warm bilateral ischemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion before measurement of HMGB1 and renal function. Additional SHR were pre-treated with control (IgG) or HMGB1 neutralizing antibody (300 µg/rat) 1 h prior to renal ischemia. Blood, urine and kidneys were harvested 24 h post-IR for histological and Western blot analyses. Initial studies confirmed that IR resulted in greater increases in renal HMGB1 in male SHR compared with females. Greater renal HMGB1 in male SHR post-IR resulted in greater increases in serum TNF-α and renal IL-1β, neutrophil infiltration and tubular cell death. Neutralization of HMGB1 attenuated IR-induced increases in plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), inflammation, tubular damage and tubular cell death only in male SHR. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that there is a sex difference in the contribution of HMGB1 to IR-induced injury, where males exhibit greater increases in HMGB1-mediated renal injury in response to IR compared with females.
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46
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Abstract
Renal inflammation, induced by autoantigen recognition or toxic drugs, leads to renal tissue injury and decline in kidney function. Recent studies have demonstrated the crucial role for regulatory T cells in suppressing pathogenic adaptive but also innate immune responses in the inflamed kidney. However, there is also evidence for other immune cell populations with immunosuppressive function in renal inflammation. This review summarizes mechanisms of immune cell regulation in immune-mediated glomerulonephritis and acute and chronic nephrotoxicity.
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47
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[Therapeutics for acute tubular necrosis in 2020]. Nephrol Ther 2021; 17:92-100. [PMID: 33483244 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is a major cause of in-hospital morbidity and mortality because of the serious nature of the underlying illnesses and the high incidence of complications. The two major causes of acute kidney injury that occur in the hospital are prerenal disease and acute tubular necrosis. Acute tubular necrosis has a histological definition, even if a kidney biopsy is rarely performed. Kidney injuries occurring during acute tubular necrosis are underlined by different pathophysiological mechanisms that emphasize the role of hypoxia on the tubular cells such as apoptosis, cytoskeleton disruption, mitochondrial function and the inflammation mediated by innate immune cells. The microcirculation and the endothelial cells are also the targets of hypoxia-mediated impairment. Repair mechanisms are sometimes inadequate because of pro-fibrotic factors that will lead to chronic kidney disease. Despite all the potential therapeutic targets highlighted by the pathophysiological knowledge, further works remain necessary to find a way to prevent these injuries.
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48
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Creed HA, Rutkowski JM. Emerging roles for lymphatics in acute kidney injury: Beneficial or maleficent? Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:845-850. [PMID: 33467886 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220983235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury, a sudden decline in renal filtration, is a surprisingly common pathology resulting from ischemic events, local or systemic infection, or drug-induced toxicity in the kidney. Unchecked, acute kidney injury can progress to renal failure and even recovered acute kidney injury patients are at an increased risk for developing future chronic kidney disease. The initial extent of inflammation, the specific immune response, and how well inflammation resolves are likely determinants in acute kidney injury-to-chronic kidney disease progression. Lymphatic vessels and their roles in fluid, solute, antigen, and immune cell transport make them likely to have a role in the acute kidney injury response. Lymphatics have proven to be an attractive target in regulating inflammation and immunomodulation in other pathologies: might these strategies be employed in acute kidney injury? Acute kidney injury studies have identified elevated levels of lymphangiogenic ligands following acute kidney injury, with an expansion of the lymphatics in several models post-injury. Manipulating the lymphatics in acute kidney injury, by augmenting or inhibiting their growth or through targeting lymphatic-immune interactions, has met with a range of positive, negative, and sometimes inconclusive results. This minireview briefly summarizes the findings of lymphatic changes and lymphatic roles in the inflammatory response in the kidney following acute kidney injury to discuss whether renal lymphatics are a beneficial, maleficent, or a passive contributor to acute kidney injury recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A Creed
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
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Identification of Potential Gene and MicroRNA Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8834578. [PMID: 33506037 PMCID: PMC7810567 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8834578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a disease that seriously endangers human health. At present, AKI lacks effective treatment methods, so it is particularly important to find effective treatment measures and targets. Bioinformatics analysis has become an important method to identify significant processes of disease occurrence and development. In this study, we analyzed the public expression profile with bioinformatics analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in two types of common AKI models (ischemia-reperfusion injury and cisplatin). DEGs were predicted in four commonly used microRNA databases, and it was found that miR-466 and miR-709 may play important roles in AKI. Then, we found key nodes through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and subnetwork analysis. Finally, by detecting the expression levels in the renal tissues of the two established AKI models, we found that Myc, Mcm5, E2f1, Oip5, Mdm2, E2f8, miR-466, and miR-709 may be important genes and miRNAs in the process of AKI damage repair. The findings of our study reveal some candidate genes, miRNAs, and pathways potentially involved in the molecular mechanisms of AKI. These data improve the current understanding of AKI and provide new insight for AKI research and treatment.
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Hsu J, Krishnan A, Lee SA, Dodd-O JM, Kim BS, Illei P, Yarnoff K, Hamad AA, Rabb H, Bush EL. CD3 +CD4 -CD8 - Double-negative αβ T cells attenuate lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 161:e81-e90. [PMID: 31864698 PMCID: PMC7195225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.09.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common complication after lung transplantation, and immune cells have been implicated in modulating outcomes. We hypothesized that a newly described subset of αβ T-cell receptor positive cells; that is, CD4-CD8- (double negative [DN]) T cells, are found in lungs and can protect against lung IRI. METHODS Ischemia was induced in C57BL/6 mice by left pulmonary artery and vein occlusion for 30 minutes followed by 180 minutes of reperfusion. These mice were paired with sham hilar dissected surgical controls. In mice undergoing IRI, adoptive transfer of DN T cells or conventional T cells was performed 12 hours before occlusion. Flow cytometry was used to quantify T cells and inflammatory cytokines, and apoptotic signaling pathways were evaluated with immunoblotting. Lung injury was assessed with Evans blue dye extravasation. RESULTS DN T cells were significantly higher (5.29% ± 1% vs 2.21% ± 3%; P < .01) in IRI lungs and secreted higher levels of interleukin-10 (30% ± 5% vs 6% ± 1%; P < .01) compared with surgical sham controls. Immunoblotting, hematoxylin and eosin staining and Evans blue dye demonstrated that adoptive transfer of DN T cells significantly decreased interstitial edema (P < .01) and attenuated apoptosis/cleaved caspase-3 expression in the lungs following lung IRI (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS DN T cells traffic into lungs during IRI, and have tissue protective functions regulating inflammation and apoptosis. We propose a potential novel immunoregulatory function of DN T cells during lung IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hsu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Aravind Krishnan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Sul A Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Jefferey M Dodd-O
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Bo S Kim
- Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Peter Illei
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Kristine Yarnoff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Abdel A Hamad
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Hamid Rabb
- Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Errol L Bush
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
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