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Liu H, Fu M, Zhang Y, You Q, Wang L. Small molecules targeting canonical transient receptor potential channels: an update. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103951. [PMID: 38514041 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels belong to an important class of non-selective cation channels. This channel family consists of multiple members that widely participate in various physiological and pathological processes. Previous studies have uncovered the intricate regulation of these channels, as well as the spatial arrangement of TRPCs and the binding sites for various small molecule compounds. Multiple small molecules have been identified as selective agonists or inhibitors targeting different subtypes of TRPC, including potential preclinical drug candidates. This review covers recent advancements in the understanding of TRPC regulation and structure and the discovery of TRPC small molecules over the past few years, with the aim of facilitating research on TRPCs and small-molecule drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Min Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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2
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Holguin-Cruz JA, Bui JM, Jha A, Na D, Gsponer J. Widespread alteration of protein autoinhibition in human cancers. Cell Syst 2024; 15:246-263.e7. [PMID: 38366601 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Autoinhibition is a prevalent allosteric regulatory mechanism in signaling proteins. Reduced autoinhibition underlies the tumorigenic effect of some known cancer drivers, but whether autoinhibition is altered generally in cancer remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that cancer-associated missense mutations, in-frame insertions/deletions, and fusion breakpoints are enriched within inhibitory allosteric switches (IASs) across all cancer types. Selection for IASs that are recurrently mutated in cancers identifies established and unknown cancer drivers. Recurrent missense mutations in IASs of these drivers are associated with distinct, cancer-specific changes in molecular signaling. For the specific case of PPP3CA, the catalytic subunit of calcineurin, we provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of altered autoinhibition by cancer mutations using biomolecular simulations, and demonstrate that such mutations are associated with transcriptome changes consistent with increased calcineurin signaling. Our integrative study shows that autoinhibition-modulating genetic alterations are positively selected for by cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Holguin-Cruz
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jennifer M Bui
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ashwani Jha
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Dokyun Na
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jörg Gsponer
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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3
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Thomasy SM, Leonard BC, Greiner MA, Skeie JM, Raghunathan VK. Squishy matters - Corneal mechanobiology in health and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 99:101234. [PMID: 38176611 PMCID: PMC11193890 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The cornea, as a dynamic and responsive tissue, constantly interacts with mechanical forces in order to maintain its structural integrity, barrier function, transparency and refractive power. Cells within the cornea sense and respond to various mechanical forces that fundamentally regulate their morphology and fate in development, homeostasis and pathophysiology. Corneal cells also dynamically regulate their extracellular matrix (ECM) with ensuing cell-ECM crosstalk as the matrix serves as a dynamic signaling reservoir providing biophysical and biochemical cues to corneal cells. Here we provide an overview of mechanotransduction signaling pathways then delve into the recent advances in corneal mechanobiology, focusing on the interplay between mechanical forces and responses of the corneal epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cells. We also identify species-specific differences in corneal biomechanics and mechanotransduction to facilitate identification of optimal animal models to study corneal wound healing, disease, and novel therapeutic interventions. Finally, we identify key knowledge gaps and therapeutic opportunities in corneal mechanobiology that are pressing for the research community to address especially pertinent within the domains of limbal stem cell deficiency, keratoconus and Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy. By furthering our understanding corneal mechanobiology, we can contextualize discoveries regarding corneal diseases as well as innovative treatments for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States; California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Brian C Leonard
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Mark A Greiner
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, IA, United States
| | - Jessica M Skeie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, IA, United States
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4
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Spoto B, Mallamaci F, Politi C, Parlongo RMT, Leonardis D, Capasso G, Tripepi G, Zoccali C. Neuropeptide Y gene polymorphisms and chronic kidney disease progression. J Hypertens 2024; 42:267-273. [PMID: 37889542 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neurotransmitter expressed in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, which is involved in regulating a multitude of physiological processes ranging from arterial pressure, energy balance, the immune response and inflammation and renal electrolyte transport. In a cohort of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, we recently showed that high plasma NPY levels predict renal disease progression independently of hypertension and other risk factors but the causal nature of this association remains unproven. METHODS In the same cohort of the previous study, we tested the relationship of NPY gene variability, as assessed by five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that explained the whole gene variability, with the incidence rate of a predefined combined renal endpoint (dialysis/transplantation/estimated glomerular filtration rate reduction >30%) over a median follow up of 36 months (inter-quartile range 35-37 months) in 735 ethnically homogeneous patients with stage 2-5 CKD. RESULTS Two variants [rs16131 (recessive model for the T risk allele: TT, n = 563; CT + CC, n = 172) and rs16140 (dominant model for the G risk allele: GG + CG, n = 413; CC, n = 322)] were coherently associated with the incidence rate of renal events [hazard ratio (HR) ranging from 1.39 to 1.57, P ≤ 0.015] and this was also true when the two SNPs were jointly introduced into the same Cox model ( P ≤ 0.043). The analysis of the biological interaction showed a significant synergism between the NPY rs16131 and rs16140 variants. Indeed, patients harboring NPY rs16131 TT and NPY rs16140 GG + CG risk genotypes had a much higher HR of renal events [HR: 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.16-2.79, P = 0.009] than that expected in the absence of biological interaction under both the additive and multiplicative models and the attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) was 25% and 38% on crude and adjusted analyses, respectively. CONCLUSION This study, based on the Mendelian randomization approach and using NPY gene variants as instrumental variables to test the link between NPY and CKD progression, is in line with findings indicating that high plasma NPY levels predict an increased risk for renal events and lend support to the hypothesis that NPY is causally involved in renal disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Mallamaci
- CNR-IFC, Institute of Clinical Physiology
- Nefrologia e Trapianto Renale, GOM, Reggio Calabria
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carmine Zoccali
- BIOGEM, Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Renal Research Institute, New York, USA
- IPNET, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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5
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Garrett ME, Soldano KL, Erwin KN, Zhang Y, Gordeuk VR, Gladwin MT, Telen MJ, Ashley-Koch AE. Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new candidate genes for sickle cell disease nephropathy. Blood Adv 2023; 7:4782-4793. [PMID: 36399516 PMCID: PMC10469559 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease nephropathy (SCDN), a common SCD complication, is strongly associated with mortality. Polygenic risk scores calculated from recent transethnic meta-analyses of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) trended toward association with proteinuria and eGFR in SCD but the model fit was poor (R2 < 0.01), suggesting that there are likely unique genetic risk factors for SCDN. Therefore, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 2 critical manifestations of SCDN, proteinuria and decreased eGFR, in 2 well-characterized adult SCD cohorts, representing, to the best of our knowledge, the largest SCDN sample to date. Meta-analysis identified 6 genome-wide significant associations (false discovery rate, q ≤ 0.05): 3 for proteinuria (CRYL1, VWF, and ADAMTS7) and 3 for eGFR (LRP1B, linc02288, and FPGT-TNNI3K/TNNI3K). These associations are independent of APOL1 risk and represent novel SCDN loci, many with evidence for regulatory function. Moreover, GWAS SNPs in CRYL1, VWF, ADAMTS7, and linc02288 are associated with gene expression in kidney and pathways important to both renal function and SCD biology, supporting the hypothesis that SCDN pathophysiology is distinct from other forms of kidney disease. Together, these findings provide new targets for functional follow-up that could be tested prospectively and potentially used to identify patients with SCD who are at risk, before onset of kidney dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie E. Garrett
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Karen L. Soldano
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Kyle N. Erwin
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Mark T. Gladwin
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Marilyn J. Telen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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Abdallah DM, Kamal MM, Aly NES, El-Abhar HS. Anandamide modulates WNT-5A/BCL-2, IP3/NFATc1, and HMGB1/NF-κB trajectories to protect against mercuric chloride-induced acute kidney injury. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11899. [PMID: 37488162 PMCID: PMC10366223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38659-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) has a physiological role in regulating renal blood flow, whereas its analogs ameliorated renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Nonetheless, the role of AEA against mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced renal toxicity has not been unraveled. Rats were allocated into control, HgCl2, and HgCl2/AEA treated groups. The administration of AEA quelled the HgCl2-mediated increase in inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1). The endocannabinoid also signified its anti-inflammatory potential by turning off the inflammatory cascade evidenced by the suppression of high mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB1), receptor of glycated end products (RAGE), nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB), and unexpectedly PPAR-γ. Additionally, the aptitude of AEA to inhibit malondialdehyde and boost glutathione points to its antioxidant capacity. Moreover, AEA by enhancing the depleted renal WNT-5A and reducing cystatin-C and KIM-1 (two kidney function parameters) partly verified its anti-apoptotic capacity, confirmed by inhibiting caspase-3 and increasing B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2). The beneficial effect of AEA was mirrored by the improved architecture and kidney function evidenced by the reduction in cystatin-C, KIM-1, creatinine, BUN, and caspase1-induced activated IL-18. In conclusion, our results verify the reno-protective potential of AEA against HgCl2-induced kidney injury by its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic capacities by modulating WNT-5A/BCL-2, IP3/NFATC1, HMGB-1/RAGE/NF-κB, caspase-1/IL-18, and caspase-3/BCL-2 cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalaal M Abdallah
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud M Kamal
- Research Institute of Medical Entomology, General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nour Eldin S Aly
- Research Institute of Medical Entomology, General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan S El-Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt (FUE), Cairo, 11835, Egypt
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7
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Mishra S, Ma J, McKoy D, Sasaki M, Farinelli F, Page RC, Ranek MJ, Zachara N, Kass DA. Transient receptor potential canonical type 6 (TRPC6) O-GlcNAcylation at Threonine-221 plays potent role in channel regulation. iScience 2023; 26:106294. [PMID: 36936781 PMCID: PMC10014292 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical type 6 (TRPC6) is a non-voltage-gated channel that principally conducts calcium. Elevated channel activation contributes to fibrosis, hypertrophy, and proteinuria, often coupled to stimulation of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT). TRPC6 is post-translationally regulated, but a role for O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) as elevated by diabetes, is unknown. Here we show TRPC6 is constitutively O-GlcNAcylated at Ser14, Thr70, and Thr221 in the N-terminus ankryn-4 (AR4) and linker (LH1) domains. Mutagenesis to alanine reveals T221 as a critical controller of resting TRPC6 conductance, and associated NFAT activity and pro-hypertrophic signaling. T→A mutations at sites homologous in closely related TRPC3 and TRPC7 also increases their activity. Molecular modeling predicts interactions between Thr221-O-GlcNAc and Ser199, Glu200, and Glu246, and combined alanine substitutions of the latter similarly elevates resting NFAT activity. Thus, O-GlcNAcylated T221 and interactions with coordinating residues is required for normal TRPC6 channel conductance and NFAT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Mishra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Desirae McKoy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Masayuki Sasaki
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Federica Farinelli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard C. Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Mark J. Ranek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Natasha Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David A. Kass
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Corresponding author
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8
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Gordon WE, Baek S, Nguyen HP, Kuo YM, Bradley R, Galazyuk A, Lee I, Ingala MR, Simmons NB, Schountz T, Cooper LN, Georgakopoulos-Soares I, Hemberg M, Ahituv N. Integrative single-cell characterization of frugivory adaptations in the bat kidney and pancreas. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.12.528204. [PMID: 36824791 PMCID: PMC9949079 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.12.528204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Frugivory evolved multiple times in mammals, including bats. However, the cellular and molecular components driving it remain largely unknown. Here, we used integrative single-cell sequencing on insectivorous and frugivorous bat kidneys and pancreases and identified key cell population, gene expression and regulatory element differences associated with frugivorous adaptation that also relate to human disease, particularly diabetes. We found an increase in collecting duct cells and differentially active genes and regulatory elements involved in fluid and electrolyte balance in the frugivore kidney. In the frugivorous pancreas, we observed an increase in endocrine and a decrease in exocrine cells and differences in genes and regulatory elements involved in insulin regulation. Combined, our work provides novel insights into frugivorous adaptation that also could be leveraged for therapeutic purposes.
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9
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Staruschenko A, Ma R, Palygin O, Dryer SE. Ion channels and channelopathies in glomeruli. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:787-854. [PMID: 36007181 PMCID: PMC9662803 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An essential step in renal function entails the formation of an ultrafiltrate that is delivered to the renal tubules for subsequent processing. This process, known as glomerular filtration, is controlled by intrinsic regulatory systems and by paracrine, neuronal, and endocrine signals that converge onto glomerular cells. In addition, the characteristics of glomerular fluid flow, such as the glomerular filtration rate and the glomerular filtration fraction, play an important role in determining blood flow to the rest of the kidney. Consequently, disease processes that initially affect glomeruli are the most likely to lead to end-stage kidney failure. The cells that comprise the glomerular filter, especially podocytes and mesangial cells, express many different types of ion channels that regulate intrinsic aspects of cell function and cellular responses to the local environment, such as changes in glomerular capillary pressure. Dysregulation of glomerular ion channels, such as changes in TRPC6, can lead to devastating glomerular diseases, and a number of channels, including TRPC6, TRPC5, and various ionotropic receptors, are promising targets for drug development. This review discusses glomerular structure and glomerular disease processes. It also describes the types of plasma membrane ion channels that have been identified in glomerular cells, the physiological and pathophysiological contexts in which they operate, and the pathways by which they are regulated and dysregulated. The contributions of these channels to glomerular disease processes, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and diabetic nephropathy, as well as the development of drugs that target these channels are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Stuart E Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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Yu J, Li C, Ma L, Zhai B, Xu A, Shao D. Transient receptor potential canonical 6 knockdown ameliorated diabetic kidney disease by inhibiting nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 expression in glomerular mesangial cells. Ren Fail 2022; 44:1780-1790. [DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2134796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yu
- Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Chunchun Li
- Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Lisha Ma
- Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Bin Zhai
- Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Aiping Xu
- Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Decui Shao
- Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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11
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Ahmadian E, Eftekhari A, Atakishizada S, Valiyeva M, Ardalan M, Khalilov R, Kavetskyy T. Podocytopathy: The role of actin cytoskeleton. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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12
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Xie ZY, Dong W, Zhang L, Wang MJ, Xiao ZM, Zhang YH, Shi WX, Huang Y, Yang Y, Li CL, Fu L, Zhao XC, Li RZ, Li ZL, Chen YH, Ye ZM, Liu SX, Dong Z, Liang XL. NFAT inhibitor 11R-VIVIT ameliorates mouse renal fibrosis after ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2081-2093. [PMID: 34937917 PMCID: PMC9343462 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) with maladaptive tubular repair leads to renal fibrosis and progresses to chronic kidney disease (CKD). At present, there is no curative drug to interrupt AKI-to-CKD progression. The nuclear factor of the activated T cell (NFAT) family was initially identified as a transcription factor expressed in most immune cells and involved in the transcription of cytokine genes and other genes critical for the immune response. NFAT2 is also expressed in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) and podocytes and plays an important regulatory role in the kidney. In this study, we investigated the renoprotective effect of 11R-VIVIT, a peptide inhibitor of NFAT, on renal fibrosis in the AKI-to-CKD transition and the underlying mechanisms. We first examined human renal biopsy tissues and found that the expression of NFAT2 was significantly increased in RTECs in patients with severe renal fibrosis. We then established a mouse model of AKI-to-CKD transition using bilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury (Bi-IRI). The mice were treated with 11R-VIVIT (5 mg/kg, i.p.) on Days 1, 3, 10, 17 and 24 after Bi-IRI. We showed that the expression of NFAT2 was markedly increased in RTECs in the AKI-to-CKD transition. 11R-VIVIT administration significantly inhibited the nuclear translocation of NFAT2 in RTECs, decreased the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, and attenuated renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis but had no toxic side effects on the heart and liver. In addition, we showed that 11R-VIVIT administration alleviated RTEC apoptosis after Bi-IRI. Consistently, preapplication of 11R-VIVIT (100 nM) and transfection with NFAT2-targeted siRNA markedly suppressed TGFβ-induced HK-2 cell apoptosis in vitro. In conclusion, 11R-VIVIT administration inhibits IRI-induced NFAT2 activation and prevents AKI-to-CKD progression. Inhibiting NFAT2 may be a promising new therapeutic strategy for preventing renal fibrosis after IR-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-yong Xie
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China ,grid.410643.4Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Wei Dong
- grid.410643.4Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Li Zhang
- grid.410643.4Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Meng-jie Wang
- grid.410643.4Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Zhen-meng Xiao
- grid.410643.4Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Yu-hua Zhang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China ,grid.410643.4Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Wan-xin Shi
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China ,grid.410643.4Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Ying Huang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China ,grid.410643.4Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Yan Yang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China ,grid.410643.4Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Cui-li Li
- grid.410643.4Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Lei Fu
- grid.410643.4Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Xing-chen Zhao
- grid.410643.4Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Rui-zhao Li
- grid.410643.4Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Zhi-lian Li
- grid.410643.4Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Yuan-han Chen
- grid.410643.4Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Zhi-ming Ye
- grid.410643.4Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Shuang-xin Liu
- grid.410643.4Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Zheng Dong
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA ,grid.413830.d0000 0004 0419 3970Department of Medical Research, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Xin-ling Liang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China ,grid.410643.4Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006 China
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13
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How immunosuppressive drugs may directly target podocytes in glomerular diseases. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 37:1431-1441. [PMID: 34244853 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes are the direct target of immunologic injury in many immune-mediated glomerular diseases, leading to proteinuria and subsequent kidney failure. Immunosuppressive agents such as steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and rituximab are the commonly used treatment strategies in this context for their immunotherapeutic or anti-inflammatory properties. However, in recent years, studies have demonstrated that immunosuppressive agents can have a direct effect on podocytes, introducing the concept of the non-immunologic mechanism of kidney protection by immunomodulators. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms by which these agents may directly target the podocyte independent of their systemic effects and examine their clinical significance.
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14
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Wu D, Ma R, Wang X, Yang Y. Efficacy and Safety of Tacrolimus in the Treatment of Pediatric Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Nephritis. Paediatr Drugs 2022; 24:389-401. [PMID: 35508891 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-022-00506-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with severe Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) may progress to end-stage renal disease without appropriate treatment. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus combined with glucocorticoids in the treatment of pediatric HSPN. METHODS A total of 87 HSPN patients with urinary protein ≥ 0.75 g/24 h received standard of care, including angiotensin II receptor blockers/angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and glucocorticoids. Patients were divided into three groups and additionally received tacrolimus (n = 30), cyclophosphamide (n = 31), or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (n = 26). We monitored outcome measures, including proteinuria, hematuria, and renal function and analyzed the efficacy and side effects in each group. RESULTS At 2-month follow-up, the overall efficacy was 93.3%, 83.9%, and 61.5% for tacrolimus, cyclophosphamide, and MMF, respectively (P < 0.05). Urinary protein significantly decreased for all groups. Urinary red blood cell counts significantly decreased for patients treated with tacrolimus (P < 0.001) and cyclophosphamide (P < 0.05), whereas no significant decrease was seen for those receiving MMF (P = 0.09). Although urine β2-microglobulin significantly decreased following 2 months of treatment with all medications, efficacy was greater with tacrolimus than with cyclophosphamide and MMF (P < 0.001). Major adverse events were respiratory and urinary infections, with MMF having the highest infection rate. The cyclophosphamide group also experienced additional adverse events, including arrhythmia, hemorrhagic cystitis, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and hyperglycemia. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that tacrolimus is more effective at reducing proteinuria and hematuria and improving renal function, with relatively milder side effects, in the treatment of pediatric HSPN. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR2200055323, retrospectively registered on January 7, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyan Wu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Xingmin Wang
- Nantong Institute of Genetics and Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226018, China
| | - Yonghong Yang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China. .,Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226018, China. .,Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Immunology, Nantong Children's Hospital, 399 Century Ave., Nantong, Jiangsu, 226018, China.
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15
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New Insights into the Treatment of Glomerular Diseases: When Mechanisms Become Vivid. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073525. [PMID: 35408886 PMCID: PMC8998908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment for glomerular diseases has been extrapolated from the experience of other autoimmune disorders while the underlying pathogenic mechanisms were still not well understood. As the classification of glomerular diseases was based on patterns of juries instead of mechanisms, treatments were typically the art of try and error. With the advancement of molecular biology, the role of the immune agent in glomerular diseases is becoming more evident. The four-hit theory based on the discovery of gd-IgA1 gives a more transparent outline of the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and dysregulation of Treg plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of minimal change disease (MCD). An epoch-making breakthrough is the discovery of PLA2R antibodies in the primary membranous nephropathy (pMN). This is the first biomarker applied for precision medicine in kidney disease. Understanding the immune system’s role in glomerular diseases allows the use of various immunosuppressants or other novel treatments, such as complement inhibitors, to treat glomerular diseases more reasonable. In this era of advocating personalized medicine, it is inevitable to develop precision medicine with mechanism-based novel biomarkers and novel therapies in kidney disease.
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16
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Wang H, Zhang R, Wu X, Chen Y, Ji W, Wang J, Zhang Y, Xia Y, Tang Y, Yuan J. The Wnt Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:701547. [PMID: 35059392 PMCID: PMC8763969 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.701547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious kidney-related complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM, T2DM) and the second major cause of end-stage kidney disease. DN can lead to hypertension, edema, and proteinuria. In some cases, DN can even progress to kidney failure, a life-threatening condition. The precise etiology and pathogenesis of DN remain unknown, although multiple factors are believed to be involved. The main pathological manifestations of DN include mesangial expansion, thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, and podocyte injury. Eventually, these pathological manifestations will lead to glomerulosclerosis, thus affecting renal function. There is an urgent need to develop new strategies for the prevention and treatment of DN. Existing evidence shows that the Wnt signaling cascade plays a key role in regulating the development of DN. Previous studies focused on the role of the Wnt canonical signaling pathway in DN. Subsequently, accumulated evidence on the mechanism of the Wnt non-canonical signaling indicated that Wnt/Ca2+ and Wnt/PCP also have essential roles in the progression of DN. In this review, we summarize the specific mechanisms of Wnt signaling in the occurrence and development of DN in podocyte injury, mesangial cell injury, and renal fibrosis. Also, to elucidate the significance of the Wnt canonical pathway in the process of DN, we uncovered evidence supporting that both Wnt/PCP and Wnt/Ca2+ signaling are critical for DN development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wang
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Basic Medical School, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xinjie Wu
- Basic Medical School, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yafen Chen
- Basic Medical School, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Basic Medical School, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jingsuo Wang
- Basic Medical School, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Basic Medical School, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology of Shandong Higher Education, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yiqun Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinxiang Yuan
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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17
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Repurposing Riociguat to Target a Novel Paracrine Nitric Oxide-TRPC6 Pathway to Prevent Podocyte Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212485. [PMID: 34830371 PMCID: PMC8621407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased expression and activity of the Ca2+ channel transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) is associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, but therapeutic strategies to target TRPC6 are currently lacking. Nitric oxide (NO) is crucial for normal glomerular function and plays a protective role in preventing glomerular diseases. We investigated if NO prevents podocyte injury by inhibiting injurious TRPC6-mediated signaling in a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-dependent manner and studied the therapeutic potential of the sGC stimulator Riociguat. Experiments were performed using human glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes. Podocyte injury was induced by Adriamycin incubation for 24 h, with or without the NO-donor S-Nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP), the sGC stimulator Riociguat or the TRPC6 inhibitor Larixyl Acetate (LA). NO and Riociguat stimulated cGMP synthesis in podocytes, decreased Adriamycin-induced TRPC6 expression, inhibited the Adriamycin-induced TRPC6-mediated Ca2+ influx and reduced podocyte injury. The protective effects of Riociguat and NO were blocked when sGC activity was inhibited with 1H-[1,2,4]Oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) or when TRPC6 activity was inhibited by LA. Our data demonstrate a glomerular (e)NOS-NO-sGC-cGMP-TRPC6 pathway that prevents podocyte injury, which can be translated to future clinical use by, e.g., repurposing the market-approved drug Riociguat.
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18
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Lian Z, Ke G, Zhang H, Dou C, Chen X, Li B, Zhang F, Wen S, Wu Q, Xia Y, Jiang N, Li Z, Li S, Zhao X, Ma J, Lin T, Wen F, Xu L, Li Z, Liang H, Dong W, Chen Y, Li R, Ye Z, Wang W, Liang X, Shi W, Zhang L, Liu S. GAP-43 ameliorates Podocyte injury by decreasing nuclear NFATc1 expression. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101145. [PMID: 34746448 PMCID: PMC8551842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury is sufficient to cause glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria, eventually leading to kidney failure. Previous studies found that podocytes and neurons had similar biological characteristics. Growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) is a growth cone protein in neurons, and a marker of axonal and synaptic growth. However, it is not known whether GAP-43 is expressed in podocytes. Compared with normal glomerular podocytes, GAP-43 was significantly reduced in patients with glomerular diseases. GAP-43 also significantly reduced in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated podocytes. We found that the decreased expression of nephrin, the cell marker of the podocyte, was significantly recovered with GAP-43 overexpression. In contrast, the migration ability in LPS-treated podocyte was reduction after GAP-43 overexpressing. Moreover, overexpression of GAP-43 attenuated podocyte apoptosis by up-regulating the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax with LPS treatment. Finally, Plaue and Rcan1 which are downstream target gene of NFATc1 decreased with overexpression of GAP-43 podocytes. We concluded that GAP-43 attenuated podocyte injury by inhibiting calcineurin/NFATc1 signaling. The findings may provide a promising treatment for podocyte injury-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Lian
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Department of Nephrology, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Guibao Ke
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Caoshuai Dou
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bohou Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shichun Wen
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yubin Xia
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Sijia Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xingchen Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jianchao Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Feng Wen
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhilian Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Huabang Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuanhan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ruizhao Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhiming Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinling Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Nephrology, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shuangxin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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19
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Yasuda H, Fukusumi Y, Ivanov V, Zhang Y, Kawachi H. Tacrolimus ameliorates podocyte injury by restoring FK506 binding protein 12 (FKBP12) at actin cytoskeleton. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21983. [PMID: 34662453 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101052r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
FKBP12 was identified as a binding protein of tacrolimus (Tac). Tac binds to FKBP12 and exhibits immunosuppressive effects in T cells. Although it is reported that Tac treatment directly ameliorates the dysfunction of the podocyte in nephrotic syndrome, the precise pharmacological mechanism of Tac is not well understood yet. It is also known that FKBP12 functions independently of Tac. However, the localization and the physiological function of FKBP12 are not well elucidated. In this study, we observed that FKBP12 is highly expressed in glomeruli, and the FKBP12 in glomeruli is restricted in podocytes. FKBP12 in cultured podocytes was expressed along the actin cytoskeleton and associated with filamentous actin (F-actin). FKBP12 interacted with the actin-associated proteins 14-3-3 and synaptopodin. RNA silencing for FKBP12 reduced 14-3-3 expression, F-actin staining, and process formation in cultured podocytes. FKBP12 expression was decreased in the nephrotic model caused by adriamycin (ADR) and the cultured podocyte treated with ADR. The process formation was deteriorated in the podocytes treated with ADR. Tac treatment ameliorated these decreases. Tac treatment to the normal cells increased the expression of FKBP12 at F-actin in processes and enhanced process formation. Tac enhanced the interaction of FKBP12 with synaptopodin. These observations suggested that FKBP12 at actin cytoskeleton participates in the maintenance of processes, and Tac treatment ameliorates podocyte injury by restoring FKBP12 at actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Yasuda
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Fukusumi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Veniamin Ivanov
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawachi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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20
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Daehn IS, Duffield JS. The glomerular filtration barrier: a structural target for novel kidney therapies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:770-788. [PMID: 34262140 PMCID: PMC8278373 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Loss of normal kidney function affects more than 10% of the population and contributes to morbidity and mortality. Kidney diseases are currently treated with immunosuppressive agents, antihypertensives and diuretics with partial but limited success. Most kidney disease is characterized by breakdown of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB). Specialized podocyte cells maintain the GFB, and structure-function experiments and studies of intercellular communication between the podocytes and other GFB cells, combined with advances from genetics and genomics, have laid the groundwork for a new generation of therapies that directly intervene at the GFB. These include inhibitors of apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1), short transient receptor potential channels (TRPCs), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFLT1; also known as soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1), roundabout homologue 2 (ROBO2), endothelin receptor A, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor (suPAR) and substrate intermediates for coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). These molecular targets converge on two key components of GFB biology: mitochondrial function and the actin-myosin contractile machinery. This Review discusses therapies and developments focused on maintaining GFB integrity, and the emerging questions in this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse S Daehn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jeremy S Duffield
- Research and Development, Prime Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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21
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Lane BM, Murray S, Benson K, Bierzynska A, Chryst-Stangl M, Wang L, Wu G, Cavalleri G, Doyle B, Fennelly N, Dorman A, Conlon S, Vega-Warner V, Fermin D, Vijayan P, Qureshi MA, Shril S, Barua M, Hildebrandt F, Pollak M, Howell D, Sampson MG, Saleem M, Conlon PJ, Spurney R, Gbadegesin R. A Rare Autosomal Dominant Variant in Regulator of Calcineurin Type 1 ( RCAN1) Gene Confers Enhanced Calcineurin Activity and May Cause FSGS. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1682-1695. [PMID: 33863784 PMCID: PMC8425665 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020081234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocyte dysfunction is the main pathologic mechanism driving the development of FSGS and other morphologic types of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Despite significant progress, the genetic causes of most cases of SRNS have yet to be identified. METHODS Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 320 individuals from 201 families with familial and sporadic NS/FSGS with no pathogenic mutations in any known NS/FSGS genes. RESULTS Two variants in the gene encoding regulator of calcineurin type 1 (RCAN1) segregate with disease in two families with autosomal dominant FSGS/SRNS. In vitro, loss of RCAN1 reduced human podocyte viability due to increased calcineurin activity. Cells expressing mutant RCAN1 displayed increased calcineurin activity and NFAT activation that resulted in increased susceptibility to apoptosis compared with wild-type RCAN1. Treatment with GSK-3 inhibitors ameliorated this elevated calcineurin activity, suggesting the mutation alters the balance of RCAN1 regulation by GSK-3β, resulting in dysregulated calcineurin activity and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest mutations in RCAN1 can cause autosomal dominant FSGS. Despite the widespread use of calcineurin inhibitors in the treatment of NS, genetic mutations in a direct regulator of calcineurin have not been implicated in the etiology of NS/FSGS before this report. The findings highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting RCAN1 regulatory molecules, such as GSK-3β, in the treatment of FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M. Lane
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Susan Murray
- Irish Kidney Gene Project, Department of Genetics, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Katherine Benson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Agnieszka Bierzynska
- Department of Pediatrics, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children and University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Chryst-Stangl
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Liming Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Guanghong Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gianpiero Cavalleri
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Brendan Doyle
- Department of Pathology, Beaumont General Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Neil Fennelly
- Department of Pathology, Beaumont General Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Anthony Dorman
- Department of Pathology, Beaumont General Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Shane Conlon
- Irish Kidney Gene Project, Department of Genetics, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - Damian Fermin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Poornima Vijayan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammad Azfar Qureshi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Moumita Barua
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martin Pollak
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Howell
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Matthew G. Sampson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Moin Saleem
- Department of Pediatrics, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children and University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Conlon
- Irish Kidney Gene Project, Department of Genetics, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beaumont General Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Robert Spurney
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rasheed Gbadegesin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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22
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Ma R, Wang Y, Xu Y, Wang R, Wang X, Yu N, Li M, Zhou Y. Tacrolimus Protects Podocytes from Apoptosis via Downregulation of TRPC6 in Diabetic Nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:8832114. [PMID: 34095318 PMCID: PMC8163546 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8832114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury plays an important role in diabetic nephropathy (DN), and apoptosis is one of its mechanisms. The transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) is expressed in podocytes and mediates podocyte injury induced by high glucose levels. Tacrolimus is a novel immunosuppressive agent that is reported to play an important role in podocyte protection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential mechanism of podocyte protection by tacrolimus in a type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) rat model and in immortalized mouse podocytes (MPC5). Transmission electron microcopy was used to evaluate renal injury morphology. After treatment with FK506, we measured 24-hour urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratios and creatinine clearance rates as well as major biochemical parameters such as glucose, insulin, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, total cholesterol, triglycerides, alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase. Nephrin and TRPC6 protein expression and podocyte apoptotic rates in vivo and in vitro were measured using immunohistochemical staining, TUNEL assays, and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blot was used to measure expression of cleaved-caspase-3 and bax/bcl-2. Exposed to high glucose (HG), DM rats exhibited disrupted biochemical conditions and impaired podocyte structure. Decreased expression of nephrin and increased expression of TRPC6, cleaved-caspase-3, and bax/bcl-2 ratios were found in podocytes, along with higher apoptotic percentage, while tacrolimus intervention counteracted the effect of HG on podocytes. Our results suggest that tacrolimus protects podocytes during the progression of type 2 diabetic nephropathy, possibly ameliorating podocyte apoptosis by downregulating the expression of TRPC6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xianghua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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23
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Dhandapani MC, Venkatesan V, Pricilla C. MicroRNAs in childhood nephrotic syndrome. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7186-7210. [PMID: 33819345 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) has opened up new avenues of research to understand the molecular basis of a number of diseases. Because of their conservative feature in evolution and important role in the physiological function, microRNAs could be treated as predictors for disease classification and clinical process based on the specific expression. The identification of novel miRNAs and their target genes can be considered as potential targets for novel drugs. Furthermore, currently, the circulatory and urinary exosomal miRNAs are gaining increasing attention as their expression profiles are often associated with specific diseases, and they exhibit great potential as noninvasive or minimally invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of various diseases. The remarkable stability of these extracellular miRNAs circulating in the blood or excreted in the urine underscored their key importance as biomarkers of certain diseases. There is voluminous literature concerning the role of microRNAs in other diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetic nephropathy, and so forth. However, little is known about their diagnostic ability for the pediatric nephrotic syndrome (NS). The present review article highlights the recent advances in the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis and molecular basis of NS with an aim to bring new insights into further research applications for the development of new therapeutic agents for NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanapriya C Dhandapani
- Department of Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Vettriselvi Venkatesan
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Charmine Pricilla
- Department of Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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24
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Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition confers renoprotection in rats with diabetes and hypertension by limiting podocyte injury. J Hypertens 2021; 38:755-764. [PMID: 31790054 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Combined angiotensin receptor--neprilysin inhibition (ARNI) reduces glomerulosclerosis better than single angiotensin receptor blockade (ARB) in diabetic, hypertensive rats. The renoprotective mechanism remains unknown, but may depend on superior blood pressure control, improved renal hemodynamics, suppressed renal inflammation or prevention of podocyte loss. METHODS To address this, TGR(mREN2)27 rats (a model of angiotensin II-dependent hypertension) were made diabetic for 12 weeks and treated with vehicle (n = 10), valsartan (ARB; n = 7) or sacubitril/valsartan (ARNI; n = 8) for the final 3 weeks. Arterial pressure was measured via radiotelemetry. RESULTS Sacubitril/valsartan lowered mean arterial pressure by -50 ± 4 mmHg and valsartan by -43 ± 4 mmHg (P = 0.3). Both treatments lowered albuminuria, but only sacubitril/valsartan maintained high urinary atrial natriuretic peptide, improved glycemic control and protected podocyte integrity, reflected by increased nephrin expression and suppression of transient receptor potential canonical 6 and regulator of calcineurin 1. This resulted in markedly reduced glomerulosclerosis (P < 0.05 vs. control and valsartan). Despite higher effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rates, sacubitril/valsartan did neither improve filtration fraction nor renal immune cell infiltration. CONCLUSION Sacubitril/valsartan offers drug-class-specific renoprotection in a preclinical model of diabetes and hypertension. Renoprotection is unrelated to antihypertensive efficacy, renal hemodynamics or inflammation, but may be related to protective effects of natriuretic peptides on podocyte integrity.
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25
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Hu S, Han R, Chen L, Qin W, Xu X, Shi J, Zhu X, Zhang M, Zeng C, Tang Z, Bao H, Liu Z. Upregulated LRRC55 promotes BK channel activation and aggravates cell injury in podocytes. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20192373. [PMID: 33346797 PMCID: PMC7756252 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20192373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury is a common hallmark in various glomerular diseases. The level of LRRC55 was increased in podocytes of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), diabetic nephropathy (DN), and membranous nephropathy (MN). Upregulated LRRC55 and increased intracellular Ca2+ led to BK channel activation and the loss of intracellular potassium, resulting in apoptosome formation and caspase-3 activation in angiotensin II (Ang II)-treated podocytes. Knockout of Lrrc55 or the BK channel prevented the BK current and ameliorated podocyte injury in Ang II-treated mice. Upstream, NFATc3 regulated the expression of LRRC55. Increased LRRC55 expression in podocytes was also evident in animal models of FSGS, DN, and MN. Treatment with losartan or LRRC55 siRNA suppressed LRRC55 expression, prevented BK channel activation, and attenuated podocyte injury in animal models of FSGS, DN, and MN. In conclusion, upregulated LRRC55 promotes BK channel activation and aggravates cell injury in podocytes in FSGS, DN, and MN. LRRC55 inhibition may represent a new therapeutic approach for podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Runhong Han
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Long Chen
- National Standard Laboratory of Pharmacology for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weisong Qin
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingsong Shi
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Caihong Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Bao
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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26
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Ge M, Molina J, Ducasa GM, Mallela SK, Varona Santos J, Mitrofanova A, Kim JJ, Liu X, Sloan A, Mendez AJ, Banerjee S, Liu S, Szeto HH, Shin MK, Hoek M, Kopp JB, Fontanesi F, Merscher S, Fornoni A. APOL1 risk variants affect podocyte lipid homeostasis and energy production in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:182-197. [PMID: 33517446 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity was recently reported in several forms of kidney disease, including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Susceptibility to FSGS in African Americans is associated with the presence of genetic variants of the Apolipoprotein L1 gene (APOL1) named G1 and G2. If and how endogenous APOL1 may alter mitochondrial function by the modifying cellular lipid metabolism is unknown. Using transgenic mice expressing the APOL1 variants (G0, G1 or G2) under endogenous promoter, we show that APOL1 risk variant expression in transgenic mice does not impair kidney function at baseline. However, APOL1 G1 expression worsens proteinuria and kidney function in mice characterized by the podocyte inducible expression of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT), which we have found to cause FSGS. APOL1 G1 expression in this FSGS-model also results in increased triglyceride and cholesterol ester contents in kidney cortices, where lipid accumulation correlated with loss of renal function. In vitro, we show that the expression of endogenous APOL1 G1/G2 in human urinary podocytes is associated with increased cellular triglyceride content and is accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction in the presence of compensatory oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes elevation. Our findings indicate that APOL1 risk variant expression increases the susceptibility to lipid-dependent podocyte injury, ultimately leading to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Ge
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Judith Molina
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - G Michelle Ducasa
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Shamroop K Mallela
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Javier Varona Santos
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Alla Mitrofanova
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Jin-Ju Kim
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Alexis Sloan
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Armando J Mendez
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Santanu Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Shaoyi Liu
- Social Profit Network Research Lab, Alexandria Launch Labs, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Hazel H Szeto
- Social Profit Network Research Lab, Alexandria Launch Labs, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Myung K Shin
- Merck & Company, Inc., Kennilworth, New Jersey 07033, USA
| | - Maarten Hoek
- Merck & Company, Inc., Kennilworth, New Jersey 07033, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Flavia Fontanesi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
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27
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van den Broek M, Smeets B, Schreuder MF, Jansen J. The podocyte as a direct target of glucocorticoids in nephrotic syndrome. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 37:1808-1815. [PMID: 33515261 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is characterized by massive proteinuria; podocyte loss or altered function is a central event in its pathophysiology. Treatment with glucocorticoids is the mainstay of therapy. However, many patients experience one or multiple relapses and prolonged use may be associated with severe adverse effects. Recently, the beneficial effects of glucocorticoids have been attributed to a direct effect on podocytes in addition to the well-known immunosuppressive effects. The molecular effects of glucocorticoid action have been studied using animal and cell models of NS. This review provides a comprehensive overview of different molecular mediators regulated by glucocorticoids including an overview of the model systems that were used to study them. Glucocorticoids are described to stimulate podocyte recovery by restoring pro-survival signaling of slit diaphragm related proteins and limiting inflammatory responses. Of special interest is the effect of glucocorticoids on stabilizing the cytoskeleton of podocytes, since these effects are also described for other therapeutic agents used in NS, such as cyclosporin. Current models provide much insight, but do not fully recapitulate the human condition since the pathophysiology underlying NS is poorly understood. New and promising models include the glomerulus-on-a-chip and kidney organoids, which have the potential to be further developed into functional NS models in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn van den Broek
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Smeets
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel F Schreuder
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jitske Jansen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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28
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Park SJ, Li C, Chen YM. Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Homeostasis in Kidney Disease: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targets. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 191:256-265. [PMID: 33245915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is a crucial determinant of cellular function and survival. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) acts as the largest intracellular Ca2+ store that maintains Ca2+ homeostasis through the ER Ca2+ uptake pump, sarco/ER Ca2+ ATPase, ER Ca2+ release channels, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor channel, ryanodine receptor, and Ca2+-binding proteins inside of the ER lumen. Alterations in ER homeostasis trigger ER Ca2+ depletion and ER stress, which have been associated with the development of a variety of diseases. In addition, recent studies have highlighted the role of ER Ca2+ imbalance caused by dysfunction of sarco/ER Ca2+ ATPase, ryanodine receptor, and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor channel in various kidney diseases. Despite progress in the understanding of the importance of these ER Ca2+ channels, pumps, and binding proteins in the pathogenesis of kidney disease, treatment is still lacking. This mini-review is focused on: i) Ca2+ homeostasis in the ER, ii) ER Ca2+ dyshomeostasis and apoptosis, and iii) altered ER Ca2+ homeostasis in kidney disease, including podocytopathy, diabetic nephropathy, albuminuria, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ji Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Chuang Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ying Maggie Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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29
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Fujitaka K, Murakami T, Takeuchi M, Kakimoto T, Mochida H, Arakawa K. mRNAs in urinary nano-extracellular vesicles as potential biomarkers for non-invasive kidney biopsy. Biomed Rep 2020; 14:11. [PMID: 33235726 PMCID: PMC7678616 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary nano-extracellular vesicles (NVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are considered potential biomarkers for kidney diseases using liquid biopsies. However, clinical application of urinary NVs has not yet been validated. In the present study, the levels of mRNAs in urinary NVs in animal models of kidney disease were assessed. Urine samples were collected from the animal models and urinary NVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation. Gene expression levels of kidney injury markers in urinary NVs and renal tissue were quantified by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The mRNA levels of desmin, a podocyte injury marker, in urinary NVs was markedly increased in the puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephritis model, in parallel with enhanced desmin expression in kidney tissues. The expression of regulator of calcineurin 1 and the podocin to nephrin ratio (PNR) were also increased in the PAN nephritis model. Treatment with prednisolone mitigated these changes in gene expression as well as proteinuria. PNR, which is considered a predictive marker of glomerular dysfunction, in urinary NVs was highly correlated with urinary protein excretion (P<0.01). Furthermore, PNR in urinary NVs of Zucker diabetic fatty rats, a diabetic kidney disease model, was correlated with urinary albumin excretion (P<0.01). These results suggest that changes in mRNA levels of urinary NVs reflect the disease status of kidney tissues and their functional alterations. Collectively, mRNA analysis of urinary NVs may be used as a liquid biopsy tool for improved classification and performance of risk prediction to determine the severity of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Fujitaka
- Research Unit/Frontier, Sohyaku Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan
| | - Taku Murakami
- Hitachi Chemical Co. America, Ltd., R&D Center, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Masato Takeuchi
- Medical Affairs Department, Ikuyaku Integrated Value Development Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Osaka 541-8505, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Kakimoto
- Research Unit/Frontier, Sohyaku Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochida
- Research Unit/Frontier, Sohyaku Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Arakawa
- Medical Intelligence Department, Ikuyaku Integrated Value Development Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo 103-8405, Japan
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30
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Lu A, Pallero MA, Owusu BY, Borovjagin AV, Lei W, Sanders PW, Murphy-Ullrich JE. Calreticulin is important for the development of renal fibrosis and dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy. Matrix Biol Plus 2020; 8:100034. [PMID: 33543033 PMCID: PMC7852315 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2020.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, our lab showed that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and calcium regulatory protein, calreticulin (CRT), is important for collagen transcription, secretion, and assembly into the extracellular matrix (ECM) and that ER CRT is critical for TGF-β stimulation of type I collagen transcription through stimulation of ER calcium release and NFAT activation. Diabetes is the leading cause of end stage renal disease. TGF-β is a key factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. However, the role of calreticulin (Calr) in fibrosis of diabetic nephropathy has not been investigated. In current work, we used both in vitro and in vivo approaches to assess the role of ER CRT in TGF-β and glucose stimulated ECM production by renal tubule cells and in diabetic mice. Knockdown of CALR by siRNA in a human proximal tubular cell line (HK-2) showed reduced induction of soluble collagen when stimulated by TGF-β or high glucose as compared to control cells, as well as a reduction in fibronectin and collagen IV transcript levels. CRT protein is increased in kidneys of mice made diabetic with streptozotocin and subjected to uninephrectomy to accelerate renal tubular injury as compared to controls. We used renal-targeted ultrasound delivery of Cre-recombinase plasmid to knockdown specifically CRT expression in the remaining kidney of uninephrectomized Calr fl/fl mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. This approach reduced CRT expression in the kidney, primarily in the tubular epithelium, by 30-55%, which persisted over the course of the studies. Renal function as measured by the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio was improved in the mice with knockdown of CRT as compared to diabetic mice injected with saline or subjected to ultrasound and injected with control GFP plasmid. PAS staining of kidneys and immunohistochemical analyses of collagen types I and IV show reduced glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Renal sections from diabetic mice with CRT knockdown showed reduced nuclear NFAT in renal tubules and treatment of diabetic mice with 11R-VIVIT, an NFAT inhibitor, reduced proteinuria and renal fibrosis. These studies identify ER CRT as an important regulator of TGF-β stimulated ECM production in the diabetic kidney, potentially through regulation of NFAT-dependent ECM transcription.
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Key Words
- 4-PBA, 4-phenylbutyrate
- CRT, calreticulin
- Calreticulin
- Collagen
- Diabetic nephropathy
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- Fibrosis
- GRP78, glucose related protein 78
- MB/US, microbubble/ultrasound
- NFAT
- NFAT, nuclear factor of activated T cells
- PAS, Periodic Acid-Schiff
- STZ, streptozotocin
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β
- UPR, unfolded protein response
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35294-0019, USA
| | - Manuel A. Pallero
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35294-0019, USA
| | - Benjamin Y. Owusu
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35294-0019, USA
| | - Anton V. Borovjagin
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35294-0019, USA
| | - Weiqi Lei
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35294-0019, USA
| | - Paul W. Sanders
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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31
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The Krüppel-like factor 15-NFATc1 axis ameliorates podocyte injury: a novel rationale for using glucocorticoids in proteinuria diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1305-1318. [PMID: 32478397 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Podocyte injury and loss contribute to proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis and eventually kidney failure. Recent studies have demonstrated that the loss of Kruppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) in podocytes increases the susceptibility to injury; however, the mechanism underlying the protective effects on podocyte injury remains incompletely understood. Herein, we showed that KLF15 ameliorates podocyte injury through suppressing NFAT signaling and the salutary effects of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone in podocyte were partially mediated by the KLF15-NFATc1 axis. We found that KLF15 was significantly reduced in glomerular cells of proteinuric patients and in ADR-, LPS- or HG-treated podocyets in vitro. Overexpression of KLF15 attenuated podocyte apoptosis induced by ADR, LPS or HG and resulted in decreased expression of pro-apoptotic Bax and increased expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. Conversely, the flow cytometry analysis and TUNEl assay demonstrated that loss of KLF15 accelerated podocyte apoptosis and we further found that 11R-VIVIT, a specific NFAT inhibitor, and NFATc1-siRNA rescued KLF15-deficient induced podocyte apoptosis. Meanwhile, Western blot and RT-qPCR showed that the expression of NFATc1 was up-regulated in KLF15 silenced podocytes and reduced in KLF15 overexpressed podocytes. Mechanistically, ChIP analysis showed that KLF15 bound to the NFATc1 promoter region -1984 to -1861base pairs upstream of the transcription start site and the binding amount was decreased after treatment with LPS. The dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that NFATc1 was a direct target of KLF15. In addition, we found that in vitro treatment with dexamethasone induced a decrease of NFATc1 expression in podocytes and was abrogated by knockdown of KLF15. Hence, our results identify the critical role of the KLF15-NFATc1 axis in podocyte injury and loss, which may be involved in mediating the salutary effects of dexamethasone in podocytes.
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Shi W, Huang Y, Zhao X, Xie Z, Dong W, Li R, Chen Y, Li Z, Wang W, Ye Z, Liu S, Zhang L, Liang X. Histone deacetylase 4 mediates high glucose-induced podocyte apoptosis via upregulation of calcineurin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:1061-1068. [PMID: 33019979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia promotes podocyte apoptosis and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Calcium/calcineurin (CaN) signaling is critical for podocyte apoptosis. Therefore, it is essential to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the regulation of CaN signaling. Recent studies reported that histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) is involved in podocyte apoptosis in DN. The aim of this study was to determine whether HDAC4 mediates the regulation of CaN and to elucidate the function of HDAC4 in high glucose (HG)-induced podocyte apoptosis. First, we identified the expression of HDAC4 was upregulated in podocytes of patients with DN. In vitro, the results also indicate that the mRNA and protein expression levels of HDAC4 were increased in HG-cultured podocytes. Silencing and overexpression of HDAC4 markedly decreased and increased CaN expression, respectively. Meanwhile, HG-induced podocyte apoptosis was abrogated by HDAC4-knockdown with subsequent decreased Bax expression and increased Bcl-2 expression. In contrast, overexpression of HDAC4 increased podocyte apoptosis and Bax expression, as well as decreased Bcl-2 expression. In addition, podocyte apoptosis induced by HDAC4 overexpression was effectively rescued by FK506, a pharmacological inhibitor of CaN, which was accompanied by decreased Bax and increased Bcl-2 expression. As a novel finding, HG-induced podocyte apoptosis is mediated by the HDAC4/CaN signaling pathway, which presents a promising target for therapeutic intervention in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxin Shi
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ying Huang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xingchen Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ruizhao Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuanhan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhiming Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shuangxin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Xinling Liang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Wang Q, Tian X, Zhou W, Wang Y, Zhao H, Li J, Zhou X, Zhang H, Zhao T, Li P. Protective Role of Tangshen Formula on the Progression of Renal Damage in db/db Mice by TRPC6/Talin1 Pathway in Podocytes. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:3634974. [PMID: 33015191 PMCID: PMC7519445 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3634974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tangshen Formula (TSF) is a Chinese Medicine formula that has been reported to alleviate proteinuria and protect renal function in humans and animals with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, little is known about its mechanism in improving proteinuria. The dysregulation of podocyte cell-matrix adhesion has been demonstrated to play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of proteinuric kidney diseases including DKD. In the present study, the underlying protective mechanism of TSF on podocytes was investigated using the murine model of type 2 DKD db/db mice in vivo and advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-stimulated primary mice podocytes in vitro. Results revealed that TSF treatment could significantly mitigate reduction of podocyte numbers and foot process effacement, reduce proteinuria, and protect renal function in db/db mice. There was a significant increase in expression of transient receptor potential canonical channel 6 (TRPC6) and a decrease in expression of talin1 in podocytes of db/db mice. The results of AGEs-stimulated primary mice podocytes showed increased cell migration and actin-cytoskeleton rearrangement. Moreover, primary mice podocytes stimulated by AGEs displayed an increase in TRPC6-dependent Ca2+ influx, a loss of talin1, and translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFATC) 2. These dysregulations in mice primary podocytes stimulated by AGEs could be significantly attenuated after TSF treatment. 1-Oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG), a TRPC6 agonist, blocked the protective role of TSF on podocyte cell-matrix adherence. In conclusion, TSF could protect podocytes from injury and reduce proteinuria in DKD, which may be mediated by the regulation of the TRPC6/Talin1 pathway in podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Wei'e Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Hailing Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haojun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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Shen X, Zhang Y, Lin C, Weng C, Wang Y, Feng S, Wang C, Shao X, Lin W, Li B, Wang H, Chen J, Jiang H. Calcineurin inhibitors ameliorate PAN-induced podocyte injury through the NFAT-Angptl4 pathway. J Pathol 2020; 252:227-238. [PMID: 32686149 DOI: 10.1002/path.5512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte injury plays a vital role in proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome. Calcineurin (CaN) inhibitors are effective in reducing proteinuria. However, their molecular mechanism is still not fully understood. Angiopoietin-like-4 (ANGPTL4) is a secreted protein that mediates proteinuria in podocyte-related nephropathy. In this study, we established a puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced minimal-change disease (MCD) rat model and a cultured podocyte injury model. We found that CaN inhibitors protected against PAN-induced podocyte injury, accompanied by an inhibition of Nfatc1 and Angptl4 both in vivo and in vitro. Nfatc1 overexpression and knockdown experiments indicated that Angptl4 was regulated by Nfatc1 in podocytes. ChIP assays further demonstrated that Nfatc1 increased Angptl4 expression by binding to the Angptl4 promoter. In addition, overexpression and knockdown of Angptl4 revealed that Angptl4 directly induced rearrangement of the cytoskeleton of podocytes, reduced the expression of synaptopodin, and enhanced PAN-induced podocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, in a cohort of 83 MCD and 94 membranous nephropathy (MN) patients, we found increased expression of serum ANGPTL4 compared to 120 healthy controls, and there were close correlations between serum ANGPTL4 and Alb, urinary protein, urinary Alb, eGFR, Scr, and BUN in MCD patients. No obvious correlation was found in MN patients. Immunofluorescence studies indicated that increased ANGPTL4 in MCD and MN patients was located mostly in podocytes. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that CaN inhibitors ameliorate PAN-induced podocyte injury by targeting Angptl4 through the NFAT pathway, and Angptl4 plays a vital role in podocyte injury and is involved in human podocyte-related nephropathy. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujin Shen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province; National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases; Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University; The Third Grade Laboratory under the National State, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province; National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases; Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University; The Third Grade Laboratory under the National State, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chuan Lin
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province; National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases; Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University; The Third Grade Laboratory under the National State, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chunhua Weng
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province; National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases; Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University; The Third Grade Laboratory under the National State, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province; National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases; Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University; The Third Grade Laboratory under the National State, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shi Feng
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province; National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases; Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University; The Third Grade Laboratory under the National State, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Cuili Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province; National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases; Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University; The Third Grade Laboratory under the National State, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xue Shao
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province; National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases; Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University; The Third Grade Laboratory under the National State, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Weiqiang Lin
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province; National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases; Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University; The Third Grade Laboratory under the National State, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Bingjue Li
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province; National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases; Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University; The Third Grade Laboratory under the National State, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Haibing Wang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province; National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases; Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University; The Third Grade Laboratory under the National State, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province; National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases; Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University; The Third Grade Laboratory under the National State, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Glomerulosclerosis represents the final stage of glomerular injury during the course of kidney disease and can result from a primary disturbance in disorders like focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or a secondary response to tubulointerstitial disease. Overall, primary focal glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), the focus of this review, accounts for 10-20% of patients of all ages who progress to end stage kidney disease. There are no FDA approved therapeutic options that effectively prevent or delay the onset of kidney failure. AREAS COVERED Current immunosuppressive therapy and conservative management including inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis and sodium-glucose cotransporter are reviewed. FSGS is now recognized to represent a heterogeneous entity with multiple underlying disease mechanisms. Therefore, novel approaches targeting the podocyte cytoskeleton, immunological, inflammatory, hemodynamic and metabolic pathways are highlighted. EXPERT OPINION A number of factors are driving the development of drugs to treat focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in particular and glomerulosclerosis in general including growing awareness of the burden of chronic kidney disease, improved scientific understanding of the mechanism of injury, and the development of noninvasive profiles to identify subgroups of patients with discrete mechanisms of glomerular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Trachtman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, NYU Langone Health , New York, NY, USA
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Shen X, Weng C, Wang Y, Wang C, Feng S, Li X, Li H, Jiang H, Wang H, Chen J. Lipopolysaccharide-induced podocyte injury is regulated by calcineurin/NFAT and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways through angiopoietin-like protein 4. Genes Dis 2020; 9:443-455. [PMID: 35224159 PMCID: PMC8843862 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury is an important cause of proteinuria. Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (Angptl4) is a secreted glycoprotein and has a role in proteinuria. However, the exact role of Angptl4 in podocyte injury and its upstream regulators has not been clarified. In this study, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mice and cultured podocytes as podocyte injury models. Our results indicated that LPS increased the expression of podocyte Angptl4 in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we showed that Angptl4 overexpression deteriorated LPS-induced podocyte injury by inducing podocyte cytoskeleton rearrangement, reducing the expression of synaptopodin while Angptl4 knockdown alleviated LPS-induced podocyte injury. In addition, we found that inhibitors and siRNA targeting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling inhibited the upregulation of Angptl4 in LPS-induced podocytes. Moreover, inhibitors and siRNA targeting calcineurin/NFAT signaling also relieved LPS-induced Angptl4 expression and podocyte injury in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, our study has elucidated that both of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and calcineurin/NFAT signaling mediate the upregulation of Angptl4 in LPS-induced podocytes, which has important implications for further understanding the molecular mechanism of LPS-induced podocyte injury.
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Jiang L, Cui H, Ding J, Yang A, Zhang Y. Puromycin aminonucleoside-induced podocyte injury is ameliorated by the Smad3 inhibitor SIS3. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1601-1611. [PMID: 32583562 PMCID: PMC7396432 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Smad3 signaling and transgelin expression are often activated during puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)‐induced podocyte injury. Here, we investigated whether the Smad3 inhibitor SIS3 can ameliorate damage to injured podocytes. A model of PAN‐induced podocyte injury was constructed using the MPC5 cell line. The effects of SIS3 on the expression of the podocyte cytoskeletal proteins transgelin, p15INK4B, phosphor‐smad3, phosphor‐JAK/stat3, the apoptotic marker cleaved caspase 3, and c‐myc were investigated using western blot. The distribution of F‐actin in PAN‐induced podocyte injury was observed under an immunofluorescence microscope. PAN‐induced podocyte injury altered the distribution of F‐actin and transgelin, and colocalization of these two proteins was observed. Transgelin expression and Smad3 phosphorylation were increased in the MPC5 cell line with prolonged PAN treatment. In addition, c‐myc expression, p15INK4B, and JAK phosphorylation were all increased after treatment with PAN. Treatment with the Smad3 inhibitor SIS3 reversed these phenomena and protected against PAN‐induced podocyte injury. Moreover, stimulating podocytes directly with TGFβ‐1 also led to enhanced expression of transgelin or phosphor‐JAK/stat3, and this could be inhibited by SIS3. In conclusion, transgelin expression was induced through the Smad3 signaling pathway during PAN‐induced podocyte injury, and the resulting abnormal distribution of F‐actin and the enhanced expression of transgelin could be reversed by blockade of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jiang
- Pediatric Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cui
- Pediatric Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Pediatric Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Aijun Yang
- Pediatric Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchao Zhang
- Pediatric Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is implicated in many pathological conditions including obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. However, a pathogenic role of NPY in kidney disease has not been described. We found that NPY is produced by the podocyte in the glomerulus, and this production decreases in renal disease, in contrast to an increase in circulating NPY levels. In the glomerulus, NPY signals via the NPY receptor 2 (NPY2R) and modulates PI3K, MAPK, and NFAT signaling, along with RNA processing and cell migration and, if prolonged, predicted nephrotoxicity. The pharmacological inhibition of NPY-NPY2R signaling also protected against albuminuria and kidney disease in a mouse model of glomerulosclerosis, suggesting that inhibiting this pathway may be therapeutically beneficial in the prevention of kidney disease. Albuminuria is an independent risk factor for the progression to end-stage kidney failure, cardiovascular morbidity, and premature death. As such, discovering signaling pathways that modulate albuminuria is desirable. Here, we studied the transcriptomes of podocytes, key cells in the prevention of albuminuria, under diabetic conditions. We found that Neuropeptide Y (NPY) was significantly down-regulated in insulin-resistant vs. insulin-sensitive mouse podocytes and in human glomeruli of patients with early and late-stage diabetic nephropathy, as well as other nondiabetic glomerular diseases. This contrasts with the increased plasma and urinary levels of NPY that are observed in such conditions. Studying NPY-knockout mice, we found that NPY deficiency in vivo surprisingly reduced the level of albuminuria and podocyte injury in models of both diabetic and nondiabetic kidney disease. In vitro, podocyte NPY signaling occurred via the NPY2 receptor (NPY2R), stimulating PI3K, MAPK, and NFAT activation. Additional unbiased proteomic analysis revealed that glomerular NPY-NPY2R signaling predicted nephrotoxicity, modulated RNA processing, and inhibited cell migration. Furthermore, pharmacologically inhibiting the NPY2R in vivo significantly reduced albuminuria in adriamycin-treated glomerulosclerotic mice. Our findings suggest a pathogenic role of excessive NPY-NPY2R signaling in the glomerulus and that inhibiting NPY-NPY2R signaling in albuminuric kidney disease has therapeutic potential.
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Zhao J, Liu Z. Treatment of nephrotic syndrome: going beyond immunosuppressive therapy. Pediatr Nephrol 2020; 35:569-579. [PMID: 30904930 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-019-04225-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
It is indisputable that immunosuppressive therapy and pathological diagnosis of renal biopsy have greatly improved the prognosis of childhood nephrotic syndrome. Unfortunately, there is no "one-size-fits-all" approach for precise patient stratification and treatment when facing the huge challenges posed by steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). But genomic medicine has brought a glimmer of light, and the cognition of SRNS has entered a new stage. Based on this, identification of single genetic variants of SRNS has recognized the key role of podocyte injury in its pathogenesis. Targeted treatment of podocyte injury is paramount, and immunosuppressant with podocyte-targeted therapy seems to be more suitable as the first choice for SRNS, that is, we need to pay attention to their additional non-immunosuppressive effects. In the same way, other effect factors of nephrotic syndrome and the related causes of immunosuppressive therapy resistance require us to select reasonable and targeted non-immunosuppressive therapies, instead of only blindly using steroids and immunosuppressants, which may be ineffective and bring significant side effects. This article provides a summary of the clinical value of identification of genetic variants in podocytes and non-immunosuppressive therapy for nephrotic syndrome in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Hall G, Wang L, Spurney RF. TRPC Channels in Proteinuric Kidney Diseases. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010044. [PMID: 31877991 PMCID: PMC7016871 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a decade ago, mutations in the gene encoding TRPC6 (transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6) were linked to development of familial forms of nephrosis. Since this discovery, TRPC6 has been implicated in the pathophysiology of non-genetic forms of kidney disease including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), diabetic nephropathy, immune-mediated kidney diseases, and renal fibrosis. On the basis of these findings, TRPC6 has become an important target for the development of therapeutic agents to treat diverse kidney diseases. Although TRPC6 has been a major focus for drug discovery, more recent studies suggest that other TRPC family members play a role in the pathogenesis of glomerular disease processes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review highlights the data implicating TRPC6 and other TRPC family members in both genetic and non-genetic forms of kidney disease, focusing on TRPC3, TRPC5, and TRPC6 in a cell type (glomerular podocytes) that plays a key role in proteinuric kidney diseases.
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Inoue K, Tian X, Velazquez H, Soda K, Wang Z, Pedigo CE, Wang Y, Cross E, Groener M, Shin JW, Li W, Hassan H, Yamamoto K, Mundel P, Ishibe S. Inhibition of Endocytosis of Clathrin-Mediated Angiotensin II Receptor Type 1 in Podocytes Augments Glomerular Injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:2307-2320. [PMID: 31511362 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system remains a cornerstone in reducing proteinuria and progression of kidney failure, effects believed to be the result of reduction in BP and glomerular hyperfiltration. However, studies have yielded conflicting results on whether podocyte-specific angiotensin II (AngII) signaling directly induces podocyte injury. Previous research has found that after AngII stimulation, β-arrestin-bound angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) is internalized in a clathrin- and dynamin-dependent manner, and that Dynamin1 and Dynamin2 double-knockout mice exhibit impaired clathrin-mediated endocytosis. METHODS We used podocyte-specific Dyn double-knockout mice to examine AngII-stimulated AT1R internalization and signaling in primary podocytes and controls. We also examined the in vivo effect of AngII in these double-knockout mice through renin-angiotensin system blockers and through deletion of Agtr1a (which encodes the predominant AT1R isoform expressed in kidney, AT1aR). We tested calcium influx, Rac1 activation, and lamellipodial extension in control and primary podocytes of Dnm double-knockout mice treated with AngII. RESULTS We confirmed augmented AngII-stimulated AT1R signaling in primary Dnm double-knockout podocytes resulting from arrest of clathrin-coated pit turnover. Genetic ablation of podocyte Agtr1a in Dnm double-knockout mice demonstrated improved albuminuria and kidney function compared with the double-knockout mice. Isolation of podocytes from Dnm double-knockout mice revealed abnormal membrane dynamics, with increased Rac1 activation and lamellipodial extension, which was attenuated in Dnm double-knockout podocytes lacking AT1aR. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that inhibiting aberrant podocyte-associated AT1aR signaling pathways has a protective effect in maintaining the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Inoue
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Heino Velazquez
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Keita Soda
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Zhen Wang
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christopher E Pedigo
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ying Wang
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Elizabeth Cross
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Marwin Groener
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jee-Won Shin
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Wei Li
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hossam Hassan
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Koichi Yamamoto
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Peter Mundel
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut;
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Ma C, Pu Y, Xue H, Liu Y. Telmisartan suppresses cardiomyocyte and alveolar wall hypertrophy by the PPARγ-ERK-NFAT complex by changing the balance of PPARγ and ERK. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:3235-3246. [PMID: 31934167 PMCID: PMC6949821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Telmisartan inhibits cardiomyocytes by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ), downregulating extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and inhibiting nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). However, it has been unclear whether telmisartan is intrinsically associated with PPARγ, ERK, and NFAT. The present study focused on the role of telmisartan with respect to PPARγ, ERK, and NFAT. Angiotensin II was used to stimulate primary cardiomyocytes to create a cardiomyocyte hypertrophy model in vitro with increased pathologic protein synthesis and NFAT nuclear translocation. Telmisartan suppressed angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by inhibiting protein synthesis and NFAT nuclear translocation. The inhibition by telmisartan was reversed by both a PPARγ inhibitor and ERK activator. These results indicated that PPARγ and ERK play opposing roles in regulating telmisartan inhibition of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. When we precipitated cardiomyocyte NFAT, we found that PPARγ and ERK bind to NFAT, indicating that the PPARγ-ERK-NFAT complex mediated telmisartan inhibition of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In this complex, the balance of PPARγ and ERK is critical to regulate NFAT function. Finally, we created a new model to explain the mechanism by which telmisartan prevents cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heilongjiang Provincial HospitalHarbin 150036, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Yang Pu
- Department of Science and Education, Heilongjiang Provincial HospitalHarbin 150036, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Hua Xue
- Department of Geriatric Respiration, Heilongjiang Provincial HospitalHarbin 150036, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Geriatric Respiration, Heilongjiang Provincial HospitalHarbin 150036, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
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Farmer LK, Rollason R, Whitcomb DJ, Ni L, Goodliff A, Lay AC, Birnbaumer L, Heesom KJ, Xu SZ, Saleem MA, Welsh GI. TRPC6 Binds to and Activates Calpain, Independent of Its Channel Activity, and Regulates Podocyte Cytoskeleton, Cell Adhesion, and Motility. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:1910-1924. [PMID: 31416818 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018070729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) gene are associated with an inherited form of FSGS. Despite widespread expression, patients with TRPC6 mutations do not present with any other pathologic phenotype, suggesting that this protein has a unique yet unidentified role within the target cell for FSGS, the kidney podocyte. METHODS We generated a stable TRPC6 knockout podocyte cell line from TRPC6 knockout mice. These cells were engineered to express wild-type TRPC6, a dominant negative TRPC6 mutation, or either of two disease-causing mutations of TRPC6, G109S or K874*. We extensively characterized these cells using motility, detachment, and calpain activity assays; immunofluorescence; confocal or total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy; and western blotting. RESULTS Compared with wild-type cells, TRPC6-/- podocytes are less motile and more adhesive, with an altered actin cytoskeleton. We found that TRPC6 binds to ERK1/2 and the actin regulatory proteins, caldesmon (a calmodulin- and actin-binding protein) and calpain 1 and 2 (calcium-dependent cysteine proteases that control the podocyte cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, and motility via cleavage of paxillin, focal adhesion kinase, and talin). Knockdown or expression of the truncated K874* mutation (but not expression of the gain-of-function G019S mutation or dominant negative mutant of TRPC6) results in the mislocalization of calpain 1 and 2 and significant downregulation of calpain activity; this leads to altered podocyte cytoskeleton, motility, and adhesion-characteristics of TRPC6 -/- podocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that independent of TRPC6 channel activity, the physical interaction between TRPC6 and calpain in the podocyte is important for cell motility and detachment and demonstrates a scaffolding role of the TRPC6 protein in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel J Whitcomb
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Bristol Medical School, and
| | - Lan Ni
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School
| | | | | | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - Kate J Heesom
- Proteomics Facility, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Shang-Zhong Xu
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
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Fu R, Xia Y, Li M, Mao R, Guo C, Zhou M, Tan H, Liu M, Wang S, Yang N, Zhao J. Pim-1 as a Therapeutic Target in Lupus Nephritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:1308-1318. [PMID: 30791224 DOI: 10.1002/art.40863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lupus nephritis (LN) is a major determinant of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Pim-1 regulates lymphocyte proliferation and activation. The role of Pim-1 in autoimmune disease remains unclear. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that inhibition of Pim-1 would have therapeutic potential in patients with LN. METHODS Pim-1 expression was analyzed in lupus-prone (NZB × NZW)F1 mice (n = 6), human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SLE patients (n = 10), and glomeruli from patients with LN (n = 8). The therapeutic effect of the Pim-1 inhibitor AZD1208 was assessed in the same murine lupus model (n = 10 mice per group). In vitro analysis was conducted to explore the mechanisms of action of Pim-1 in mouse and human podocytes after Pim-1 expression had been induced by anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibody-positive serum. Finally, MRL/lpr mice were used to confirm the therapeutic effects of Pim-1 inhibition in vivo (n = 10 mice per group). RESULTS Up-regulation of Pim-1 was seen in renal lysates from diseased (NZB × NZW)F1 mice and in PBMCs from patients with SLE and renal biopsy tissue from patients with LN, relative to their control counterparts (each P < 0.05). The Pim-1 inhibitor AZD1208 reduced the severity of proteinuria, glomerulonephritis, renal immune complex deposits, and serum anti-dsDNA antibody levels, concomitant with the suppression of NFATc1 expression and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, in diseased (NZB × NZW)F1 mice (each P < 0.05 versus controls). Moreover, in mouse and human podocytes, Pim-1 knockdown with targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) suppressed NFATc1 and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in the presence of anti-dsDNA-positive serum (each P < 0.05 versus control siRNA). Mechanistically, Pim-1 modulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation through intracellular Ca2+ (P < 0.05 versus normal controls). The therapeutic effect of Pim-1 blockade was replicated in MRL/lpr mice. CONCLUSION These data identify Pim-1 as a critical regulator of LN pathogenesis in patients with SLE. Targeting of the Pim-1/NFATc1/NLRP3 pathway might therefore have therapeutic potential in human LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meirong Li
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renxiang Mao
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaohuan Guo
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mianjing Zhou
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hechang Tan
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Niansheng Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Lang Y, Zhao Y, Zheng C, Lu Y, Wu J, Zhu X, Zhang M, Yang F, Xu X, Shi S, Liu Z. MiR-30 family prevents uPAR-ITGB3 signaling activation through calcineurin-NFATC pathway to protect podocytes. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:401. [PMID: 31127093 PMCID: PMC6534572 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is upregulated in podocytes of glomerular diseases and crucially mediates podocyte injury through integrin β3 (ITGB3). We previously showed that the miR-30 family maintains podocyte structure and function by inhibiting injurious calcineurin signaling through nuclear factor of activated T cells C (NFATC). Here, we tested whether the miR-30-calcineurin-NFATC and uPAR-ITGB3 pathways, two of the major pathways leading to podocyte injury, could interact. We found that podocyte-specific miR-30 knockdown in mice induced uPAR upregulation and ITGB3 activation, accompanied by proteinuria and podocyte injury. These effects of miR-30 knockdown were reduced using inhibitors of ITGB3, calcineurin, and NFATC, respectively, which are known to be antiproteinuric. These results indicate that miR-30 deficiency leads to calcineurin-NFATC signaling activation, which in turn activates the uPAR-ITGB3 pathway. In cultured podocytes, miR-30 knockdown also activated uPAR-ITGB3 signaling, leading to Rho GTPase activation, synaptopodin downregulation and podocyte injury. To explore uPAR-ITGB3 signaling regulation by miR-30 in podocytopathy development, we treated mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and found that miR-30 was downregulated in podocytes, accompanied by uPAR upregulation and ITGB3 activation. We obtained the same results in cultured podocytes treated with LPS. Podocyte-specific transgenic miR-30 abolished uPAR-ITGB3 signaling and ameliorated podocyte injury and proteinuria in mice. Taken together, these experiments show that uPAR-ITGB3 signaling is negatively regulated by miR-30 through calcineurin-NFATC pathway, a novel mechanism underlying podocyte injury in glomerular diseases. Our study has elucidated the relationship among the crucial players governing podocyte pathophysiology and the antiproteinuric actions of drugs commonly used for podocytopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Chunxia Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Yinghui Lu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Junnan Wu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Fan Yang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Shaolin Shi
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China.
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The underlining goal of this review is to offer a concise, detailed look into current knowledge surrounding transient receptor potential canonical channel 6 (TRPC6) in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). RECENT FINDINGS Mutations and over-activation in TRPC6 channel activity lead to the development of glomeruli injury. Angiotensin II, reactive oxygen species, and other factors in the setting of DKD stimulate drastic increases in calcium influx through the TRPC6 channel, causing podocyte hypertrophy and foot process effacement. Loss of the podocytes further promote deterioration of the glomerular filtration barrier and play a major role in the development of both albuminuria and the renal injury in DKD. Recent genetic manipulation with TRPC6 channels in various rodent models provide additional knowledge about the role of TRPC6 in DKD and are reviewed here. The TRPC6 channel has a pronounced role in the progression of DKD, with deviations in activity yielding detrimental outcomes. The benefits of targeting TRPC6 or its upstream or downstream signaling pathways in DKD are prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA.
| | - Denisha Spires
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
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Ren H, Hu X, Liu Y, Dai D, Liu X, Wang Z, Yang Y, Li X, Liu Y, Tang R. Salvia przewalskii extract of total phenolic acids inhibit TLR4 signaling activation in podocyte injury induced by puromycin aminonucleoside in vitro. Ren Fail 2018; 40:273-279. [PMID: 29619899 PMCID: PMC6014368 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2018.1456460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TLR4 signaling is known to be involved in podocyte injury. We have previously shown that Salvia przewalskii extract of total phenolic acids (SPE) and its active monomer salvianolic acid B (SalB) and rosmarinic acid (RA) protect podocytes from injury induced by PAN. In the present study, we test whether SPE inhibits TLR4 signaling. METHODS The conditionally immortalized mouse podocytes were treated with SPE, SalB, RA, SalB + RA or tacrolimus for 30 min, followed by PAN (100 μg/mL) for 24 h. The F-actin staining with phalloidin was used to assess cytoskeletal injury in the podocytes. Western blotting and semi-quantitatives RT-PCR were used to assess the changes of the components in the TLR4 signaling pathway. RESULTS (1) The F-actin stress fibers of podocytes were almost completely disrupted after PAN treatment for 24 h, and the disruption was significantly alleviated by SPE; (2) the PAN-induced elevation of mRNA levels of TLR4, MyD88 and p65 were inhibited except p65 with high-dose SalB; (3) consistently, the protein levels of TLR4, MyD88 and pp65 were significantly elevated by PAN, and SPE, SalB, RA and admixture, respectively, attenuated the elevations of TLR4 and pp65 proteins; (4) SPE and tacrolimus have a similarly strong effect on inhibition of the expression of TLR4 signaling components. CONCLUSIONS SPE protects podocytes from PAN-induced injury at least partly through inhibiting TLR4 signaling. SPE is as strong as tacrolimus in inhibiting TLR4 signaling in podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqi Ren
- Department of Nephrology, The 97th Hospital of PLA Affiliated with Bengbu Medical College, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihai Hospital Affiliated with Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The 97th Hospital of PLA Affiliated with Bengbu Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The 97th Hospital of PLA Affiliated with Bengbu Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Deshu Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihai Hospital Affiliated with Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihai Hospital Affiliated with Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zenghui Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The 97th Hospital of PLA Affiliated with Bengbu Medical College, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihai Hospital Affiliated with Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huaihai Hospital affiliated with Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Department of Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Renxian Tang
- Department of Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Li H, Zhang W, Zhong F, Das GC, Xie Y, Li Z, Cai W, Jiang G, Choi J, Sidani M, Hyink DP, Lee K, Klotman PE, He JC. Epigenetic regulation of RCAN1 expression in kidney disease and its role in podocyte injury. Kidney Int 2018; 94:1160-1176. [PMID: 30366682 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that epigenetic modification is important in kidney disease pathogenesis. To determine whether epigenetic regulation is involved in HIV-induced kidney injury, we performed genome-wide methylation profiling and transcriptomic profiling of human primary podocytes infected with HIV-1. Comparison of DNA methylation and RNA sequencing profiles identified several genes that were hypomethylated with corresponding upregulated RNA expression in HIV-infected podocytes. Notably, we found only one hypermethylated gene with corresponding downregulated RNA expression, namely regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1). Further, we found that RCAN1 RNA expression was suppressed in glomeruli in human diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, and lupus nephritis, and in mouse models of HIV-associated nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy. We confirmed that HIV infection or high glucose conditions suppressed RCAN1 expression in cultured podocytes. This suppression was alleviated upon pretreatment with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine, suggesting that RCAN1 expression is epigenetically suppressed in the context of HIV infection and diabetic conditions. Mechanistically, increased expression of RCAN1 decreased HIV- or high glucose-induced nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcriptional activity. Increased RCAN1 expression also stabilized actin cytoskeleton organization, consistent with the inhibition of the calcineurin pathway. In vivo, knockout of RCAN1 aggravated albuminuria and podocyte injury in mice with Adriamycin-induced nephropathy. Our findings suggest that epigenetic suppression of RCAN1 aggravates podocyte injury in the setting of HIV infection and diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fang Zhong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gokul C Das
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yifan Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhengzhe Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Weijing Cai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gengru Jiang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jae Choi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mohamad Sidani
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Deborah P Hyink
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kyung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul E Klotman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - John Cijiang He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Kidney Center at James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.
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He C, Shi W, Li R, Zhang L. [NFAT2 mediates high glucose-induced apoptosis in glomerular podocytes in vitro]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:1270-1276. [PMID: 30377135 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.10.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether hyperglycemia activates NFAT2 in cultured podocytes to cause podocyte apoptosis and explore the role of NFAT2 in high glucose-induced podocyte apoptosis. METHODS Immortalized mouse podocytes were cultured in the presence of normal (5.3 mmol/L) or high glucose (10, 20, 30, and 40 mmol/L) or pretreated with 11R-vivit (100 nmol/L) or cyclosporine A (500 nmol/L) before exposure to 20 mmol/L glucose for different durations (0.5-48 h). The activation of NFAT2 in the podocytes was detected using Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay. The role of NFAT2 in hyperglycemia-induced podocyte apoptosis was explored by observing the inhibition of NFAT2 activation by 11R-vivit using flow cytometry. Intracellular Ca2+ was monitored in high glucose-treated podocytes using Fluo-3/AM. The mRNA and protein expressions of the apoptosis gene Bax were detected using real time-qPCR and Western blotting. RESULTS Exposure to high glucose in the medium time- and dose-dependently activated NFAT2 in cultured podocytes. Pretreatment with cyclosporine A or 11R- VIVIT completely blocked nuclear accumulation of NFAT2. Treatment with 11R- vivit also inhibited high glucoseinduced apoptosis in cultured podocytes. Exposure to high glucose obviously increased [Ca2 +]I in the podocytes to cause activation of calcineurin and the subsequent increment of nuclear accumulation of NFAT2 and Bax expression. CONCLUSIONS High glucose-induced apoptosis in podocytes is mediated by calcineurin/NFAT2/Bax signaling pathway, which may serve as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaosheng He
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital//Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital//Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ruizhao Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital//Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital//Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
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50
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Yang JW, Dettmar AK, Kronbichler A, Gee HY, Saleem M, Kim SH, Shin JI. Recent advances of animal model of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Clin Exp Nephrol 2018; 22:752-763. [PMID: 29556761 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-018-1552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, great advances have been made in understanding the genetic basis for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Animal models using specific gene disruption of the slit diaphragm and cytoskeleton of the foot process mirror the etiology of the human disease. Many animal models have been developed to understand the complex pathophysiology of FSGS. Therefore, we need to know the usefulness and exact methodology of creating animal models. Here, we review classic animal models and newly developed genetic animal models. Classic animal models of FSGS involve direct podocyte injury and indirect podocyte injury due to adaptive responses. However, the phenotype depends on the animal background. Renal ablation and direct podocyte toxin (PAN, adriamycin) models are leading animal models for FSGS, which have some limitations depending on mice background. A second group of animal models were developed using combinations of genetic mutation and toxin, such as NEP25, diphtheria toxin, and Thy1.1 models, which specifically injure podocytes. A third group of animal models involves genetic engineering techniques targeting podocyte expression molecules, such as podocin, CD2-associated protein, and TRPC6 channels. More detailed information about podocytopathy and FSGS can be expected in the coming decade. Different animal models should be used to study FSGS depending on the specific aim and sometimes should be used in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Anne Katrin Dettmar
- Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kronbichler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Universitätskliniken Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heon Yung Gee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moin Saleem
- Paediatric Renal Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Children's Renal Unit, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Seong Heon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea.
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