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Zhang C, Wang K, Chen X, Li Y. Mechanistic study on lncRNA XIST/miR-124-3p/ITGB1 axis in renal fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. Exp Cell Res 2024:114194. [PMID: 39127440 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and possible mechanism of lncRNA XIST in renal fibrosis and to provide potential endogenous targets for renal fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy (ON). METHODS The study included 50 cases of ON with renal fibrosis (samples taken from patients undergoing nephrectomy due to ON) and 50 cases of normal renal tissue (samples taken from patients undergoing total or partial nephrectomy due to accidental injury, congenital malformations, and benign tumors). Treatment of human proximal renal tubular epithelium (HK-2) cells with TGF-β1 simulated renal fibrosis in vitro. Cell viability and proliferation were measured by CCK-8 and EdU, and cell migration was measured by transwell. XIST, miR-124-3p, ITGB1, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins (E-cadherin, α-SMA, and fibronectin) were detected by PCR and immunoblot. The targeting relationship between miR-124-3p and XIST or ITGB1 was verified by starBase and dual luciferase reporter gene experiments. In addition, The left ureter was ligated in mice as a model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), and the renal histopathology was observed by HE staining and Masson staining. RESULTS ON patients with renal fibrosis had elevated XIST and ITGB1 levels and reduced miR-124-3p levels. The administration of TGF-β1 exhibited a dose-dependent promotion of HK-2 cell viability, proliferation, migration, and EMT. Conversely, depleting XIST or enhancing miR-124-3p hindered HK-2 cell viability, proliferation, migration, and EMT in TGF-β1-damaged HK-2 cells HK-2 cells. XIST functioned as a miR-124-3p sponge. Additionally, miR-124-3p negatively regulated ITGB1 expression. Elevating ITGB1 weakened the impact of XIST depletion on TGF-β1-damaged HK-2 cells. Down-regulating XIST improved renal fibrosis in UUO mice. CONCLUSION XIST promotes renal fibrosis in ON by elevating miR-124-3p and reducing ITGB1 expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChiTeng Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, China
| | - KangNing Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410000, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Urology Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410000, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, China.
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2
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Fei S, Ma Y, Zhou B, Chen X, Zhang Y, Yue K, Li Q, Gui Y, Xiang T, Liu J, Yang B, Wang L, Huang X. Platelet membrane biomimetic nanoparticle-targeted delivery of TGF-β1 siRNA attenuates renal inflammation and fibrosis. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124261. [PMID: 38782155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The progression of renal fibrosis to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is significantly influenced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signal pathway. This study aimed to develop nanoparticles (PMVs@PLGA complexes) with platelet membrane camouflage, which can transport interfering RNA to target and regulate the TGF-β1 pathway in damaged renal tissues. The aim is to reduce the severity of acute kidney injury and to reduce fibrosis in chronic kidney disease. Hence, we formulated PMVs@TGF-β1-siRNA NP complexes and employed them for both in vitro and in vivo therapy. From the experimental findings we know that the PMVs@siRNA NPs could effectively target the kidneys in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice and ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) mice. In animal models of treatment, PMVs@siRNA NP complexes effectively decreased the expression of TGF-β1 and mitigated inflammation and fibrosis in the kidneys by blocking the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. Therefore, these PMVs@siRNA NP complexes can serve as a promising biological delivery system for treating kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Fei
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China; Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Yidan Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China; Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China; Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Kun Yue
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China; Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Qingxin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China; Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Gui
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China; Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Tianya Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China; Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Jianhang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China; Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester LE1 9HN, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China; Nantong Egens Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xinzhong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China.
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3
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Sui M, Yan S, Zhang P, Li Y, Chen K, Li Y, Lu H, Li Y, Zhao W, Zeng L. The role of Testis-Specific Protein Y-encoded-Like 2 in kidney injury. iScience 2024; 27:109594. [PMID: 38665207 PMCID: PMC11043847 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Recent findings suggest that Testis-Specific Protein Y-encoded-Like 2 (TSPYL2) plays a fibrogenic role in diabetes-associated renal injury. However, the role of TSPYL2 in IRI-induced kidney damage is not entirely clear. In this study, we found that the expression of TSPYL2 was upregulated in a mouse model of AKI and in the hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) cell model. Knockdown of TSPYL2 attenuated kidney injury after IRI. More specifically, the knockdown of TSPYL2 or aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) alleviated renal IRI-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Further investigation showed that TSPYL2 regulated SREBP-2 acetylation by inhibiting SIRT1 and promoting p300 activity, thereby promoting the transcriptional activity of ACMSD. In conclusion, TSPYL2 was identified as a pivotal regulator of IRI-induced kidney damage by activating ACMSD, which may lead to NAD+ content and the damaging response in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Sui
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijia Yan
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kewen Chen
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanlan Lu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyu Zhao
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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André C, Bodeau S, Kamel S, Bennis Y, Caillard P. The AKI-to-CKD Transition: The Role of Uremic Toxins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16152. [PMID: 38003343 PMCID: PMC10671582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
After acute kidney injury (AKI), renal function continues to deteriorate in some patients. In a pro-inflammatory and profibrotic environment, the proximal tubules are subject to maladaptive repair. In the AKI-to-CKD transition, impaired recovery from AKI reduces tubular and glomerular filtration and leads to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Reduced kidney secretion capacity is characterized by the plasma accumulation of biologically active molecules, referred to as uremic toxins (UTs). These toxins have a role in the development of neurological, cardiovascular, bone, and renal complications of CKD. However, UTs might also cause CKD as well as be the consequence. Recent studies have shown that these molecules accumulate early in AKI and contribute to the establishment of this pro-inflammatory and profibrotic environment in the kidney. The objective of the present work was to review the mechanisms of UT toxicity that potentially contribute to the AKI-to-CKD transition in each renal compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille André
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Amiens Medical Center, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.B.); (Y.B.)
- GRAP Laboratory, INSERM UMR 1247, University of Picardy Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - Sandra Bodeau
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Amiens Medical Center, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.B.); (Y.B.)
- MP3CV Laboratory, UR UPJV 7517, University of Picardy Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.K.); (P.C.)
| | - Saïd Kamel
- MP3CV Laboratory, UR UPJV 7517, University of Picardy Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.K.); (P.C.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Amiens Medical Center, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - Youssef Bennis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Amiens Medical Center, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.B.); (Y.B.)
- MP3CV Laboratory, UR UPJV 7517, University of Picardy Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.K.); (P.C.)
| | - Pauline Caillard
- MP3CV Laboratory, UR UPJV 7517, University of Picardy Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.K.); (P.C.)
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Amiens Medical Center, 80000 Amiens, France
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5
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Lu X, Jiang G, Gao Y, Chen Q, Sun S, Mao W, Zhang N, Zhu Z, Wang D, Zhang G, Chen M, Zhang L, Chen S. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles aggravate septic acute kidney injury via delivering ARF6. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:5055-5073. [PMID: 37928258 PMCID: PMC10620832 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.87165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) mostly originate from platelets and may promote organ dysfunction in sepsis. However, the role of platelet-derived EVs in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) remains poorly understood. The present study extracted EVs from the supernatant of human platelets treated with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Then, we subjected PBS-EVs or LPS-EVs to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mice in vivo or LPS-stimulated renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) in vitro. Our results indicated that LPS-EVs aggravate septic AKI via promoting apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress. Further, ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) was identified as a differential protein between PBS-EVs and LPS-EVs by quantitative proteomics analysis. Mechanistically, ARF6 activated ERK/Smad3/p53 signaling to exacerbate sepsis-induced AKI. LPS upregulated ARF6 in RTECs was dependent on TLR4/MyD88 pathway. Both genetically and pharmacologically inhibition of ARF6 attenuated septic AKI. Moreover, platelets were activated by TLR4 and its downstream mediator IKK controlled platelet secretion during sepsis. Inhibition of platelet secretion alleviated septic AKI. Collectively, our study demonstrated that platelet-derived EVs may be a therapeutic target in septic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Lu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guiya Jiang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Zhongda hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weipu Mao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nieke Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zepeng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangyuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuqiu Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Hunter K, Larsen JA, Love HD, Evans RC, Roy S, Zent R, Harris RC, Wilson MH, Fissell WH. Inhibition of Transforming Growth Factor-β Improves Primary Renal Tubule Cell Differentiation in Long-Term Culture. Tissue Eng Part A 2023; 29:102-111. [PMID: 36274231 PMCID: PMC10081716 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2022.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-oriented applications of cell culture include cell therapy of organ failure like chronic renal failure. Clinical deployment of a cell-based device for artificial renal replacement requires qualitative and quantitative fidelity of a cultured cell to its in vivo counterpart. Active specific apicobasal ion transport reabsorbs 90-99% of the filtered load of salt and water in the kidney. In a bioengineered kidney, tubular transport concentrates wastes and eliminates the need for hemodialysis, but renal tubule cells in culture transport little or no salt and water due to dedifferentiation that mammalian cells undergo in vitro thereby losing important cell-type specific functions. We previously identified transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) as a signaling pathway necessary for in vitro differentiation of renal tubule cells. Inhibition of TGF-β receptor-1 led to active and inhibitable electrolyte and water transport by primary human renal tubule epithelial cells in vitro. Addition of metformin increased transport, in the context of a transient effect on 5'-AMP-activated kinase phosphorylation. These data motivated us to examine whether increased transport was an idiosyncratic effect of SB431542, probe pathways downstream of TGF-β receptors possibly responsible for the improved differentiation, evaluate whether TGF-β inhibition induced a range of differentiated tubule functions, and to explore crosstalk between the effects of SB431542 and metformin. In this study, we use multiple small-molecule inhibitors of canonical and noncanonical pathways to confirm that inhibition of canonical TGF-β signaling caused the increased apicobasal transport. Hallmarks of proximal tubule cell function, including sodium reabsorption, para-amino hippurate excretion, and glucose uptake increased with TGF-β inhibition, and the specificity of the response was shown using inhibitors of each transport protein. We did not find any evidence of crosstalk between metformin and SB431542. These data suggest that the TGF-β signaling pathway governs multiple features of differentiation in renal proximal tubule cells in vitro. Inhibition of TGF-β by pharmacologic or genome engineering approaches may be a viable approach to enhancing differentiated function of tubule cells in vitro. Impact statement Cell therapy of renal failure requires qualitative and quantitative fidelity between in vitro and in vivo phenotypes, which has been elusive. We show that control of transforming growth factor-β signaling can promote differentiation of renal tubule cells grown in artificial environments. This is a key enabling step for cell therapy of renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniko Hunter
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jaclyn A. Larsen
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Harold D. Love
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rachel C. Evans
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shuvo Roy
- Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew H. Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - William H. Fissell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Ciarambino T, Crispino P, Giordano M. Gender and Renal Insufficiency: Opportunities for Their Therapeutic Management? Cells 2022; 11:cells11233820. [PMID: 36497080 PMCID: PMC9740491 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major clinical problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Despite intensive research, the clinical outcome remains poor, and apart from supportive therapy, no other specific therapy exists. Furthermore, acute kidney injury increases the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease. Acute tubular injury accounts for the most common intrinsic cause of AKI. The main site of injury is the proximal tubule due to its high workload and energy demand. Upon injury, an intratubular subpopulation of proximal epithelial cells proliferates and restores the tubular integrity. Nevertheless, despite its strong regenerative capacity, the kidney does not always achieve its former integrity and function and incomplete recovery leads to persistent and progressive CKD. Clinical and experimental data demonstrate sexual differences in renal anatomy, physiology, and susceptibility to renal diseases including but not limited to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Some data suggest the protective role of female sex hormones, whereas others highlight the detrimental effect of male hormones in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Although the important role of sex hormones is evident, the exact underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This review focuses on collecting the current knowledge about sexual dimorphism in renal injury and opportunities for therapeutic manipulation, with a focus on resident renal progenitor stem cells as potential novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Ciarambino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Marcianise, ASL Caserta, 81031 Caserta, Italy
- Correspondence: (T.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Pietro Crispino
- Emergency Department, Hospital of Latina, ASL Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Mauro Giordano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Science, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (T.C.); (M.G.)
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8
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Chen C, Wang W, Poklis JL, Lichtman AH, Ritter JK, Hu G, Xie D, Li N. Inactivation of fatty acid amide hydrolase protects against ischemic reperfusion injury-induced renal fibrogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166456. [PMID: 35710061 PMCID: PMC10215004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although cannabinoid receptors (CB) are recognized as targets for renal fibrosis, the roles of endogenous cannabinoid anandamide (AEA) and its primary hydrolytic enzyme, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), in renal fibrogenesis remain unclear. The present study used a mouse model of post-ischemia-reperfusion renal injury (PIR) to test the hypothesis that FAAH participates in the renal fibrogenesis. Our results demonstrated that PIR showed upregulated expression of FAAH in renal proximal tubules, accompanied with decreased AEA levels in kidneys. Faah knockout mice recovered the reduced AEA levels and ameliorated PIR-triggered increases in blood urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine as well as renal profibrogenic markers and injuries. Correspondingly, a selective FAAH inhibitor, PF-04457845, inhibited the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced profibrogenic markers in human proximal tubular cell line (HK-2 cells) and mouse primary cultured tubular cells. Knockdown of FAAH by siRNA in HK-2 cells had similar effects as PF-04457845. Tubular cells isolated from Faah-/- mice further validated the protection against TGF-β1-induced damages. The CB 1 or CB2 receptor antagonist and exogenous FAAH metabolite arachidonic acid failed to reverse the protective effects of FAAH inactivation in HK-2 cells. However, a substrate-selective inhibitor of AEA-cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathway significantly suppressed the anti-profibrogenic actions of FAAH inhibition. Further, the AEA-COX-2 metabolite, prostamide E2 exerted anti-fibrogenesis effect. These findings suggest that FAAH activation and the consequent reduction of AEA contribute to the renal fibrogenesis, and that FAAH inhibition protects against fibrogenesis in renal cells independently of CB receptors via the AEA-COX-2 pathway by the recovery of reduced AEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoling Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Weili Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Justin L Poklis
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Aron H Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Joseph K Ritter
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Gaizun Hu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Dengpiao Xie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Ningjun Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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9
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Src Family Kinases: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Acute Kidney Injury. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070984. [PMID: 35883540 PMCID: PMC9312434 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs) are non-receptor tyrosine kinases and play a key role in regulating signal transduction. The mechanism of SFKs in various tumors has been widely studied, and there are more and more studies on its role in the kidney. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a disease with complex pathogenesis, including oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy, and apoptosis. In addition, fibrosis has a significant impact on the progression of AKI to developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). The mortality rate of this disease is very high, and there is no effective treatment drug at present. In recent years, some studies have found that SFKs, especially Src, Fyn, and Lyn, are involved in the pathogenesis of AKI. In this paper, the structure, function, and role of SFKs in AKI are discussed. SFKs play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of AKI, making them promising molecular targets for the treatment of AKI.
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Osaki Y, Manolopoulou M, Ivanova AV, Vartanian N, Mignemi MP, Kern J, Chen J, Yang H, Fogo AB, Zhang M, Robinson-Cohen C, Gewin LS. Blocking cell cycle progression through CDK4/6 protects against chronic kidney disease. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e158754. [PMID: 35730565 PMCID: PMC9309053 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic kidney injuries induce increased cell cycle progression in renal tubules. While increased cell cycle progression promotes repair after acute injury, the role of ongoing tubular cell cycle progression in chronic kidney disease is unknown. Two weeks after initiation of chronic kidney disease, we blocked cell cycle progression at G1/S phase by using an FDA-approved, selective inhibitor of CDK4/6. Blocking CDK4/6 improved renal function and reduced tubular injury and fibrosis in 2 murine models of chronic kidney disease. However, selective deletion of cyclin D1, which complexes with CDK4/6 to promote cell cycle progression, paradoxically increased tubular injury. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) for CCND1 (cyclin D1) and the CDK4/6 inhibitor CDKN2B were associated with eGFR in genome-wide association studies. Consistent with the preclinical studies, reduced expression of CDKN2B correlated with lower eGFR values, and higher levels of CCND1 correlated with higher eGFR values. CDK4/6 inhibition promoted tubular cell survival, in part, through a STAT3/IL-1β pathway and was dependent upon on its effects on the cell cycle. Our data challenge the paradigm that tubular cell cycle progression is beneficial in the context of chronic kidney injury. Unlike the reparative role of cell cycle progression following acute kidney injury, these data suggest that blocking cell cycle progression by inhibiting CDK4/6, but not cyclin D1, protects against chronic kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Osaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Alla V. Ivanova
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | | | - Justin Kern
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jianchun Chen
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Haichun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Agnes B. Fogo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Leslie S. Gewin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, St. Louis VA, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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11
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Ren L, Li F, Di Z, Xiong Y, Zhang S, Ma Q, Bian X, Lang Z, Ye Q, Wang Y. Estradiol Ameliorates Acute Kidney Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting the TGF-βRI-SMAD Pathway. Front Immunol 2022; 13:822604. [PMID: 35281024 PMCID: PMC8907449 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.822604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is less extensive in females than males in both animals and humans; however, this protection diminishes after menopause, suggesting that estrogen plays a pivotal role in IRI, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Our study found that 45 min of warm ischemia was sufficient to induce significant pathological changes without causing death in model animals. Compared with male rats, female rats exhibited less extensive apoptosis, kidney injury, and fibrosis; these effects were worsened in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and ameliorated upon estradiol (E2) supplementation. Furthermore, the levels of TGF-βRI, but not TGF-βRII or TGF-β1, were significantly increased in OVX rats, accompanied by phosphorylated SMAD2/3 activation. Interestingly, the alteration trend of the nuclear ERα level was opposite that of TGF-βRI. Furthermore, dual luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that ERα could bind to the promoter region of TGF-βRI and negatively regulate its mRNA expression. Moreover, an in vitro study using NRK-52E cells showed that ERα knockdown blocked E2-mediated protection, while TGF-βRI knockdown protected cells against hypoxic insult. The findings of this study suggest that renal IRI is closely related to the TGF-βRI-SMAD pathway in females and that E2 exert its protective effect via the ERα-mediated transcriptional inhibition of TGF-βRI expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Ren
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, China.,Department of General Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Fang Li
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyang Di
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, China
| | - Shichen Zhang
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoen Bian
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiquan Lang
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, China
| | - Qifa Ye
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, China
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12
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Williams RM, Shah J, Mercer E, Tian HS, Thompson V, Cheung JM, Dorso M, Kubala JM, Gudas LJ, de Stanchina E, Jaimes EA, Heller DA. Kidney-Targeted Redox Scavenger Therapy Prevents Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:790913. [PMID: 35046813 PMCID: PMC8762298 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.790913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a significant co-morbidity of chemotherapeutic regimens. While this condition is associated with substantially lower survival and increased economic burden, there is no pharmacological agent to effectively treat CI-AKI. The disease is hallmarked by acute tubular necrosis of the proximal tubular epithelial cells primarily due to increased oxidative stress. We investigated a drug delivery strategy to improve the pharmacokinetics of an approved therapy that does not normally demonstrate appreciable efficacy in CI-AKI, as a preventive intervention. In prior work, we developed a kidney-selective mesoscale nanoparticle (MNP) that targets the renal proximal tubular epithelium. Here, we found that the nanoparticles target the kidneys in a mouse model of CI-AKI with significant damage. We evaluated MNPs loaded with the reactive oxygen species scavenger edaravone, currently used to treat stroke and ALS. We found a marked and significant therapeutic benefit with edaravone-loaded MNPs, including improved renal function, which we demonstrated was likely due to a decrease in tubular epithelial cell damage and death imparted by the specific delivery of edaravone. The results suggest that renal-selective edaravone delivery holds potential for the prevention of acute kidney injury among patients undergoing cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Williams
- The City College of New York Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, NY, United States.,Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Janki Shah
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth Mercer
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Helen S Tian
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vanessa Thompson
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Justin M Cheung
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Madeline Dorso
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jaclyn M Kubala
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Edgar A Jaimes
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel A Heller
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
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13
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Yang Q, Gao L, Hu XW, Wang JN, Zhang Y, Dong YH, Lan HY, Meng XM. Smad3-Targeted Therapy Protects against Cisplatin-Induced AKI by Attenuating Programmed Cell Death and Inflammation via a NOX4-Dependent Mechanism. KIDNEY DISEASES 2021; 7:372-390. [PMID: 34604344 DOI: 10.1159/000512986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling is the central mediator in renal fibrosis, yet its functional role in acute kidney injury (AKI) is not fully understood. Recent evidence showed that TGF-β/Smad3 may be involved in the pathogenesis of AKI, but its functional role and mechanism of action in cisplatin-induced AKI are unclear. Objectives Demonstrating that Smad3 may play certain roles in cisplatin nephropathy due to its potential effect on programmed cell death and inflammation. Methods Here, we established a cisplatin-induced AKI mouse model with Smad3 knockout mice and created stable in vitro models with Smad3 knockdown tubular epithelial cells. In addition, we tested the potential of Smad3-targeted therapy using 2 in vivo protocols - lentivirus-mediated Smad3 silencing in vivo and use of naringenin, a monomer used in traditional Chinese medicine and a natural inhibitor of Smad3. Results Disruption of Smad3 attenuated cisplatin-induced kidney injury, inflammation, and NADPH oxidase 4-dependent oxidative stress. We found that Smad3-targeted therapy protected against loss of renal function and alleviated apoptosis, RIPK-mediated necroptosis, renal inflammation, and oxidative stress in cisplatin nephropathy. Conclusions These findings show that Smad3 promotes cisplatin-induced AKI and Smad3-targeted therapy protects against this pathological process. These findings have substantial clinical relevance, as they suggest a therapeutic target for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Li Gao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-Nan Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Yu-Hang Dong
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
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14
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Huang CW, Lee SY, Wei TT, Kuo YH, Wu ST, Ku HC. A novel caffeic acid derivative prevents renal remodeling after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112028. [PMID: 34399201 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney disease due to renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a major clinical problem without effective therapies. The injured tubular epithelial cells may undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). It will loss epithelial phenotypes and express the mesenchymal characteristics. The formation of scar tissue in the interstitial space during renal remodeling is caused by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components and induced fibrosis. This study investigated the effect of caffeic acid ethanolamide (CAEA), a novel caffeic acid derivative, on renal remodeling after injury. The inhibitory role of CAEA on EMT was determined by western blotting, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry staining. Treating renal epithelial cells with CAEA in TGF-β exposed cell culture successfully maintained the content of E-cadherin and inhibited the expression of mesenchymal marker, indicating that CAEA prevented renal epithelial cells undergo EMT after TGF-β exposure. Unilateral renal I/R were performed in mice to induce renal remodeling models. CAEA can protect against I/R-induced renal remodeling by inhibiting inflammatory reactions and consecutively inhibiting TGF-β-induced EMT, characterized by the preserved E-cadherin expression and alleviated α-SMA and collagen expression, as well as the alleviated of renal fibrosis. We also revealed that CAEA may exhibits biological activity by targeting TGFBRI. CAEA may antagonize TGF-β signaling by interacting with TGFBR1, thereby blocking binding between TGF-β and TGFBR1 and reducing downstream signaling, such as Smad3 phosphorylation. Our data support the administration of CAEA after I/R as a viable method for preventing the progression of acute renal injury to renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Huang
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Tang Wei
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Tung Wu
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Ku
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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15
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Zhou X, Li Y, Wu C, Yu W, Cheng F. Novel lncRNA XLOC_032768 protects against renal tubular epithelial cells apoptosis in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating FNDC3B/TGF-β1. Ren Fail 2021; 42:994-1003. [PMID: 32972270 PMCID: PMC7534267 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2020.1818579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia–reperfusion injury is a leading cause of acute kidney injury, but its underlying mechanism remains poorly understood and effective therapies are still lacking. Here, we identified lncRNA XLOC_032768 as a novel target in renal ischemia–reperfusion injury by analyzing differentially expressed genes of the transcriptome data. PCR results show that XLOC_032768 was markedly downregulated in the kidney during renal ischemia–reperfusion in mice and in cultured kidney cells during hypoxia. Upon induction in vitro, XLOC_032768 overexpression repressed the expression of fibronectin type III domain containing 3B (FNDC3B) and tubular epithelial cells apoptosis. Administration of XLOC_032768 preserved FNDC3B expression and attenuated renal tubular epithelial cells apoptosis, resulting in protection against kidney injury in mice. Knockdown of FNDC3B markedly reduced the expression of TGF-β1 and apoptosis of renal tubular cells. Thus, XLOC_032768/FNDC3B/TGF-β1signaling pathway in ischemia–reperfusion injury may be targeted for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongwei Li
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Cheng Wu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weimin Yu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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16
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Budi EH, Schaub JR, Decaris M, Turner S, Derynck R. TGF-β as a driver of fibrosis: physiological roles and therapeutic opportunities. J Pathol 2021; 254:358-373. [PMID: 33834494 DOI: 10.1002/path.5680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many chronic diseases are marked by fibrosis, which is defined by an abundance of activated fibroblasts and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, resulting in loss of normal function of the affected organs. The initiation and progression of fibrosis are elaborated by pro-fibrotic cytokines, the most critical of which is transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). This review focuses on the fibrogenic roles of increased TGF-β activities and underlying signaling mechanisms in the activated fibroblast population and other cell types that contribute to progression of fibrosis. Insight into these roles and mechanisms of TGF-β as a universal driver of fibrosis has stimulated the development of therapeutic interventions to attenuate fibrosis progression, based on interference with TGF-β signaling. Their promise in preclinical and clinical settings will be discussed. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erine H Budi
- Pliant Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Scott Turner
- Pliant Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rik Derynck
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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17
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Chen J, Wang W, Tang Y, Huang XR, Yu X, Lan HY. Inflammatory stress in SARS-COV-2 associated Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1497-1506. [PMID: 33907513 PMCID: PMC8071761 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing clinical evidence shows that acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and severe complication in critically ill COVID-19 patients. The older age, the severity of COVID-19 infection, the ethnicity, and the history of smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease are the risk factor for AKI in COVID-19 patients. Of them, inflammation may be a key player in the pathogenesis of AKI in patients with COVID-19. It is highly possible that SARS-COV-2 infection may trigger the activation of multiple inflammatory pathways including angiotensin II, cytokine storm such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), TGF-β signaling, complement activation, and lung-kidney crosstalk to cause AKI. Thus, treatments by targeting these inflammatory molecules and pathways with a monoclonal antibody against IL-6 (Tocilizumab), C3 inhibitor AMY-101, anti-C5 antibody, anti-TGF-β OT-101, and the use of CRRT in critically ill patients may represent as novel and specific therapies for AKI in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Chen
- Departments of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated hospital, Southern Medical university, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbiao Wang
- Departments of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated hospital, Southern Medical university, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-ru Huang
- Departments of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Immunity and Genetics of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Immunity and Genetics of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Departments of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Immunity and Genetics of Chronic Kidney Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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18
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Geng H, Lan R, Liu Y, Chen W, Wu M, Saikumar P, Weinberg JM, Venkatachalam MA. Proximal tubule LPA1 and LPA2 receptors use divergent signaling pathways to additively increase profibrotic cytokine secretion. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F359-F374. [PMID: 33427061 PMCID: PMC7988817 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00494.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) increases platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGFB) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) production and secretion by proximal tubule (PT) cells through LPA2 receptor-Gqα-αvβ6-integrin-mediated activation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1). LPA2, β6-integrin, PDGFB, and CTGF increase in kidneys after ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), coinciding with fibrosis. The TGFB1 receptor antagonist SD-208 prevents increases of β6-integrin, TGFB1-SMAD signaling, and PDGFB/CTGF expression after IRI and ameliorates fibrosis (Geng H, Lan R, Singha PK, Gilchrist A, Weinreb PH, Violette SM, Weinberg JM, Saikumar P, Venkatachalam MA. Am J Pathol 181: 1236-1249, 2012; Geng H, Lan R, Wang G, Siddiqi AR, Naski MC, Brooks AI, Barnes JL, Saikumar P, Weinberg JM, Venkatachalam MA. Am J Pathol 174: 1291-1308, 2009). We report now that LPA1 receptor signaling through epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-ERK1/2-activator protein-1 cooperates with LPA2-dependent TGFB1 signaling to additively increase PDGFB/CTGF production and secretion by PT cells. Conversely, inhibition of both pathways results in greater suppression of PDGFB/CTGF production and secretion and promotes greater PT cellular differentiation than inhibiting one pathway alone. Antagonism of the LPA-generating enzyme autotaxin suppressed signaling through both pathways. After IRI, kidneys showed not only more LPA2, nuclear SMAD2/3, and PDGFB/CTGF but also increased LPA1 and autotaxin proteins, together with enhanced EGFR/ERK1/2 activation. Remarkably, the TGFB1 receptor antagonist SD-208 prevented all of these abnormalities excepting increased LPA2. SD-208 inhibits only one arm of LPA signaling: LPA2-Gqα-αvβ6-integrin-dependent production of active TGFB1 and its receptor-bound downstream effects. Consequently, far-reaching protection by SD-208 against IRI-induced signaling alterations and tubule-interstitial pathology is not fully explained by our data. TGFB1-dependent feedforward modulation of LPA1 signaling is one possibility. SD-208 effects may also involve mitigation of injury caused by IRI-induced TGFB1 signaling in endothelial cells and monocytes. Our results have translational implications for using TGFB1 receptor antagonists, LPA1 and LPA2 inhibitors concurrently, and autotaxin inhibitors in acute kidney injury to prevent the development of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Geng
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Rongpei Lan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Yaguang Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Pothana Saikumar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Joel M Weinberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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19
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Wans EM, Ahmed MM, Mousa AA, Tahoun EA, Orabi SH. Ameliorative effects of corn silk extract on acetaminophen-induced renal toxicity in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:1762-1774. [PMID: 32856245 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the protective effect of corn silk methanolic extract (CSME) against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced nephrotoxicity. The present study was carried out on 40 male Wistar albino rats, which were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10): control group, orally administered with a single dose of 1.8 ml 0.9% normal saline at the last day of the experiment; CSME group, orally received CSME (400 mg/kg BW daily for 5 weeks); APAP group, orally administered with a single dose of APAP (2 g/kg BW); and CSME and APAP group, orally administered with CSME, followed by a single oral dose of APAP. The results of this study revealed that APAP caused a significant increase in serum urea, creatinine concentrations, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in renal tissues. In addition, APAP caused a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities in renal tissues compared with the control group. Furthermore, APAP caused marked renal damage as revealed by alterations in histopathological architectures of kidney tissues. APAP resulted in a marked expression of caspase 3 and nuclear factor κB (NFĸβ) within the renal tubules, while caused marked decrease of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ 1) expression within the epithelial lining of the renal tubules. However, pre-treatment with CSME returned all biochemical parameters, histopathological changes, and immunohistochemical parameters toward normal levels as the control group. In conclusion, oral administration of CSME protected rats against APAP renal toxicity through its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory protective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas M Wans
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Mousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt
| | - Enas A Tahoun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt
| | - Sahar H Orabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt
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20
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Tubular mitochondrial AKT1 is activated during ischemia reperfusion injury and has a critical role in predisposition to chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2020; 99:870-884. [PMID: 33316281 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Kidney tubular dysfunction contributes to acute kidney injury and to the transition to chronic kidney disease. Although tubular mitochondria have been implicated in the pathophysiology of kidney failure, the mechanisms are not yet clear. Here, we demonstrated that ischemia-reperfusion injury induced acute translocation and activation of mitochondrial protein kinase B (also known as AKT1) in the kidney tubules. We hypothesized that mitochondrial AKT1 signaling protects against the development of acute kidney injury and subsequent chronic kidney disease. To test this prediction, we generated two novel kidney tubule-specific transgenic mouse strains with inducible expression of mitochondria-targeted dominant negative AKT1 or constitutively active AKT1, using a Cre-Lox strategy. Inhibition of mitochondrial AKT1 in mitochondria-targeted dominant negative AKT1 mice aggravated azotemia, tubular injuries, kidney fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis, and negatively impacted survival after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Conversely, enhancing tubular mitochondrial AKT1 signaling in mitochondria-targeted constitutively active AKT1 mice attenuated kidney injuries, protected kidney function, and significantly improved survival after ischemia-reperfusion injury (76.9% vs. 20.8%, respectively). Uncoupled mitochondrial respiration and increased oxidative stress was found in the kidney tubules when mitochondria AKT1 was inhibited, supporting the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of kidney failure. Thus, our studies suggest tubular mitochondrial AKT1 signaling could be a novel target to develop new strategies for better prevention and treatment of kidney injury.
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21
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Tang PCT, Zhang YY, Chan MKK, Lam WWY, Chung JYF, Kang W, To KF, Lan HY, Tang PMK. The Emerging Role of Innate Immunity in Chronic Kidney Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114018. [PMID: 32512831 PMCID: PMC7312694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common fate of chronic kidney diseases. Emerging studies suggest that unsolved inflammation will progressively transit into tissue fibrosis that finally results in an irreversible end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal inflammation recruits and activates immunocytes, which largely promotes tissue scarring of the diseased kidney. Importantly, studies have suggested a crucial role of innate immunity in the pathologic basis of kidney diseases. This review provides an update of both clinical and experimental information, focused on how innate immune signaling contributes to renal fibrogenesis. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms may uncover a novel therapeutic strategy for ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Chiu-Tsun Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (P.C.-T.T.); (M.K.-K.C.); (J.Y.-F.C.); (W.W.-Y.L.); (W.K.); (K.-F.T.)
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China;
| | - Max Kam-Kwan Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (P.C.-T.T.); (M.K.-K.C.); (J.Y.-F.C.); (W.W.-Y.L.); (W.K.); (K.-F.T.)
| | - Winson Wing-Yin Lam
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (P.C.-T.T.); (M.K.-K.C.); (J.Y.-F.C.); (W.W.-Y.L.); (W.K.); (K.-F.T.)
| | - Jeff Yat-Fai Chung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (P.C.-T.T.); (M.K.-K.C.); (J.Y.-F.C.); (W.W.-Y.L.); (W.K.); (K.-F.T.)
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (P.C.-T.T.); (M.K.-K.C.); (J.Y.-F.C.); (W.W.-Y.L.); (W.K.); (K.-F.T.)
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (P.C.-T.T.); (M.K.-K.C.); (J.Y.-F.C.); (W.W.-Y.L.); (W.K.); (K.-F.T.)
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (P.C.-T.T.); (M.K.-K.C.); (J.Y.-F.C.); (W.W.-Y.L.); (W.K.); (K.-F.T.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Nlandu-Khodo S, Osaki Y, Scarfe L, Yang H, Phillips-Mignemi M, Tonello J, Saito-Diaz K, Neelisetty S, Ivanova A, Huffstater T, McMahon R, Taketo MM, deCaestecker M, Kasinath B, Harris RC, Lee E, Gewin LS. Tubular β-catenin and FoxO3 interactions protect in chronic kidney disease. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135454. [PMID: 32369448 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in renal development and is reexpressed in the injured kidney and other organs. β-Catenin signaling is protective in acute kidney injury (AKI) through actions on the proximal tubule, but the current dogma is that Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes fibrosis and development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). As the role of proximal tubular β-catenin signaling in CKD remains unclear, we genetically stabilized (i.e., activated) β-catenin specifically in murine proximal tubules. Mice with increased tubular β-catenin signaling were protected in 2 murine models of AKI to CKD progression. Oxidative stress, a common feature of CKD, reduced the conventional T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor-dependent β-catenin signaling and augmented FoxO3-dependent activity in proximal tubule cells in vitro and in vivo. The protective effect of proximal tubular β-catenin in renal injury required the presence of FoxO3 in vivo. Furthermore, we identified cystathionine γ-lyase as a potentially novel transcriptional target of β-catenin/FoxO3 interactions in the proximal tubule. Thus, our studies overturned the conventional dogma about β-catenin signaling and CKD by showing a protective effect of proximal tubule β-catenin in CKD and identified a potentially new transcriptional target of β-catenin/FoxO3 signaling that has therapeutic potential for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stellor Nlandu-Khodo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yosuke Osaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lauren Scarfe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Haichun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, VUMC, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Melanie Phillips-Mignemi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jane Tonello
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Surekha Neelisetty
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alla Ivanova
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tessa Huffstater
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert McMahon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M Mark Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mark deCaestecker
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Balakuntalam Kasinath
- Department of Medicine, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ethan Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and
| | - Leslie S Gewin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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23
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Liu P, Zhang B, Chen Z, He Y, Du Y, Liu Y, Chen X. m 6A-induced lncRNA MALAT1 aggravates renal fibrogenesis in obstructive nephropathy through the miR-145/FAK pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:5280-5299. [PMID: 32203053 PMCID: PMC7138587 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a key factor in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the physiological and pathological progression of human diseases. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs in renal fibrosis still need to be discovered. In this study, we first displayed the increased lncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) expression in renal fibrosis in patients with obstructive nephropathy (ON). Then we found that transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein deposition, which promoted the viability, proliferation and migration of human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK2) cells. Next, MALAT1/miR-145/focal adhesion kinase (FAK) pathway was confirmed to play an importment role in TGF-β1-induced renal fibrosis. In addition, the MALAT1/miR-145/FAK pathway was involved in the effect of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on TGF-β1-induced renal fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, m6A methyltransferase methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) was shown to be the main methyltransferase of m6A modification on MALAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihua Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yao He
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yongchao Du
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
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24
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Wang JN, Yang Q, Yang C, Cai YT, Xing T, Gao L, Wang F, Chen X, Liu XQ, He XY, Wei B, Jiang L, Li C, Jin J, Wen JG, Ma TT, Chen HY, Li J, Meng XM. Smad3 promotes AKI sensitivity in diabetic mice via interaction with p53 and induction of NOX4-dependent ROS production. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101479. [PMID: 32143149 PMCID: PMC7058410 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) is increased yearly in diabetic patients. Although the mechanisms for this remain unclear, the prevention of AKI in diabetic nephropathy is feasible and of value. As we detected highly activation of TGF-β/Smad3 signaling in both human biopsy and mouse model of diabetic nephropathy, we hypothesized that Smad3 activation in diabetic kidneys may increase AKI sensitivity. We tested our hypothesis in vitro using TGF-β type II receptor (TGF-βRII) disrupted tubular epithelial cells (TECs) and in vivo in mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy before the induction of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We found that high glucose (HG)-cultured TECs showed increased inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress following hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. Disruption of TGF-βRII attenuated cell injury induced by H/R in HG-treated TECs. Consistently, Smad3 knockdown in diabetic kidney attenuated I/R-induced AKI. Mechanistically, Smad3 binds to p53 and enhances p53 activity in cells treated with HG and H/R, which may lead to TECs apoptosis. Additionally, ChIP assay showed that Smad3 bound with the promoter region of NOX4 and induced ROS production and inflammation. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that Smad3 promotes AKI susceptibility in diabetic mice by interacting with p53 and NOX4. Smad3 activation in diabetic kidneys may increase AKI sensitivity. Blockade of Smad3 in diabetic kidney may both prevent AKI and CKD progression. Smad3 interacts with p53 to enhance TECs apoptosis. Smad3 binds with promoter region of NOX4 to induce ROS production and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Nan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qin Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Yu-Ting Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China; Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tian Xing
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Li Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Fang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xin Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xue-Qi Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China; Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Yan He
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Biao Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China; Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Chao Li
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jia-Gen Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tao-Tao Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hai-Yong Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China.
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25
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Gao L, Zhong X, Jin J, Li J, Meng XM. Potential targeted therapy and diagnosis based on novel insight into growth factors, receptors, and downstream effectors in acute kidney injury and acute kidney injury-chronic kidney disease progression. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:9. [PMID: 32296020 PMCID: PMC7018831 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as a rapid decline in renal function and is characterized by excessive renal inflammation and programmed death of resident cells. AKI shows high morbidity and mortality, and severe or repeated AKI can transition to chronic kidney disease (CKD) or even end-stage renal disease (ESRD); however, very few effective and specific therapies are available, except for supportive treatment. Growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), are significantly altered in AKI models and have been suggested to play critical roles in the repair process of AKI because of their roles in cell regeneration and renal repair. In recent years, a series of studies have shown evidence that growth factors, receptors, and downstream effectors may be highly involved in the mechanism of AKI and may function in the early stage of AKI in response to stimuli by regulating inflammation and programmed cell death. Moreover, certain growth factors or correlated proteins act as biomarkers for AKI due to their sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, growth factors originating from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) via paracrine signaling or extracellular vesicles recruit leukocytes or repair intrinsic cells and may participate in AKI repair or the AKI-CKD transition. In addition, growth factor-modified MSCs show superior therapeutic potential compared to that of unmodified controls. In this review, we summarized the current therapeutic and diagnostic strategies targeting growth factors to treat AKI in clinical trials. We also evaluated the possibilities of other growth factor-correlated molecules as therapeutic targets in the treatment of AKI and the AKI-CKD transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Xiang Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610072, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, China.
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26
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IL-20 in Acute Kidney Injury: Role in Pathogenesis and Potential as a Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031009. [PMID: 32028746 PMCID: PMC7037658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes over 1 million deaths worldwide every year. AKI is now recognized as a major risk factor in the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Diabetes is the main cause of CKD as well. Renal fibrosis and inflammation are hallmarks in kidney diseases. Various cytokines contribute to the progression of renal diseases; thus, many drugs that specifically block cytokine function are designed for disease amelioration. Numerous studies showed IL-20 functions as a pro-inflammatory mediator to regulate cytokine expression in several inflammation-mediated diseases. In this review, we will outline the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of AKI and CKD. We also discuss the role of IL-20 in kidney diseases and provide a potential therapeutic approach of IL-20 blockade for treating renal diseases.
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27
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Gliozzi ML, Espiritu EB, Shipman KE, Rbaibi Y, Long KR, Roy N, Duncan AW, Lazzara MJ, Hukriede NA, Baty CJ, Weisz OA. Effects of Proximal Tubule Shortening on Protein Excretion in a Lowe Syndrome Model. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 31:67-83. [PMID: 31676724 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lowe syndrome (LS) is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutations in OCRL, which encodes the enzyme OCRL. Symptoms of LS include proximal tubule (PT) dysfunction typically characterized by low molecular weight proteinuria, renal tubular acidosis (RTA), aminoaciduria, and hypercalciuria. How mutant OCRL causes these symptoms isn't clear. METHODS We examined the effect of deleting OCRL on endocytic traffic and cell division in newly created human PT CRISPR/Cas9 OCRL knockout cells, multiple PT cell lines treated with OCRL-targeting siRNA, and in orcl-mutant zebrafish. RESULTS OCRL-depleted human cells proliferated more slowly and about 10% of them were multinucleated compared with fewer than 2% of matched control cells. Heterologous expression of wild-type, but not phosphatase-deficient, OCRL prevented the accumulation of multinucleated cells after acute knockdown of OCRL but could not rescue the phenotype in stably edited knockout cell lines. Mathematic modeling confirmed that reduced PT length can account for the urinary excretion profile in LS. Both ocrl mutant zebrafish and zebrafish injected with ocrl morpholino showed truncated expression of megalin along the pronephric kidney, consistent with a shortened S1 segment. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a unifying model to explain how loss of OCRL results in tubular proteinuria as well as the other commonly observed renal manifestations of LS. We hypothesize that defective cell division during kidney development and/or repair compromises PT length and impairs kidney function in LS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nairita Roy
- Department of Pathology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, and Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew W Duncan
- Department of Pathology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, and Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew J Lazzara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Neil A Hukriede
- Department of Developmental Biology, and.,Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Ora A Weisz
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine,
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28
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Gewin LS, Summers ME, Harral JW, Gaskill CF, Khodo SN, Neelisetty S, Sullivan TM, Hopp K, Reese JJ, Klemm DJ, Kon V, Ess KC, Shi W, Majka SM. Inactivation of Tsc2 in Abcg2 lineage-derived cells drives the appearance of polycystic lesions and fibrosis in the adult kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1201-F1210. [PMID: 31461347 PMCID: PMC6879939 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00629.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2), or tuberin, is a pivotal regulator of the mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway that controls cell survival, proliferation, growth, and migration. Loss of Tsc2 function manifests in organ-specific consequences, the mechanisms of which remain incompletely understood. Recent single cell analysis of the kidney has identified ATP-binding cassette G2 (Abcg2) expression in renal proximal tubules of adult mice as well as a in a novel cell population. The impact in adult kidney of Tsc2 knockdown in the Abcg2-expressing lineage has not been evaluated. We engineered an inducible system in which expression of truncated Tsc2, lacking exons 36-37 with an intact 3' region and polycystin 1, is driven by Abcg2. Here, we demonstrate that selective expression of Tsc2fl36-37 in the Abcg2pos lineage drives recombination in proximal tubule epithelial and rare perivascular mesenchymal cells, which results in progressive proximal tubule injury, impaired kidney function, formation of cystic lesions, and fibrosis in adult mice. These data illustrate the critical importance of Tsc2 function in the Abcg2-expressing proximal tubule epithelium and mesenchyme during the development of cystic lesions and remodeling of kidney parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie S Gewin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension or Allergy, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Megan E Summers
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Julie W Harral
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Christa F Gaskill
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension or Allergy, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Stellor Nlandu Khodo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension or Allergy, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Surekha Neelisetty
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension or Allergy, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Timothy M Sullivan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Katharina Hopp
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - J Jeffrey Reese
- Division of Nephrology or Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dwight J Klemm
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Valentina Kon
- Division of Nephrology or Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kevin C Ess
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wei Shi
- Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program at the Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Susan M Majka
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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Yang Q, Ren GL, Wei B, Jin J, Huang XR, Shao W, Li J, Meng XM, Lan HY. Conditional knockout of TGF-βRII /Smad2 signals protects against acute renal injury by alleviating cell necroptosis, apoptosis and inflammation. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:8277-8293. [PMID: 31754396 PMCID: PMC6857044 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: TGF-β/Smad signaling is the central mediator for renal fibrosis, however, its functional role in acute kidney injury (AKI) is not fully understood. We previously showed Smad2 protects against renal fibrosis by limiting Smad3 signaling, but details on its role in acute phase are unclear. Recent evidence showed that TGF-β/Smad3 may be involved in the pathogenesis of AKI, so we hypothesized that Smad2 may play certain roles in AKI due to its potential effect on programmed cell death. Methods: We established a cisplatin-induced AKI mouse model with TGF-β type II receptor or Smad2 specifically deleted from renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs). We also created stable in vitro models with either Smad2 knockdown or overexpression in human HK2 cells. Importantly, we evaluated whether Smad2 could serve as a therapeutic target in both cisplatin- and ischemic/reperfusion (I/R)-induced AKI mouse models by silencing Smad2 in vivo. Results: Results show that disruption of TGF-β type II receptor suppressed Smad2/3 activation and attenuated renal injury in cisplatin nephropathy. Furthermore, we found that conditional knockout of downstream Smad2 in TECs protected against loss of renal function, and alleviated p53-mediated cell apoptosis, RIPK-mediated necroptosis and p65 NF-κB-driven renal inflammation in cisplatin nephropathy. This was further confirmed in cisplatin-treated Smad2 knockdown and overexpression HK2 cells. Additionally, lentivirus-mediated Smad2 knockdown protected against renal injury and inflammation while restoring renal function in established nephrotoxic and ischemic AKI models. Conclusions: These findings show that unlike its protective role in renal fibrosis, Smad2 promoted AKI by inducing programmed cell death and inflammation. This may offer a novel therapeutic target for acute kidney injury.
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Black LM, Lever JM, Agarwal A. Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis: A Double-edged Sword. J Histochem Cytochem 2019; 67:663-681. [PMID: 31116067 PMCID: PMC6713973 DOI: 10.1369/0022155419852932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal tissue injury initiates inflammatory and fibrotic processes that occur to promote regeneration and repair. After renal injury, damaged tissue releases cytokines and chemokines, which stimulate activation and infiltration of inflammatory cells to the kidney. Normal tissue repair processes occur simultaneously with activation of myofibroblasts, collagen deposition, and wound healing responses; however, prolonged activation of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cell types causes excess extracellular matrix deposition. This review focuses on the physiological and pathophysiological roles of specialized cell types, cytokines/chemokines, and growth factors, and their implications in recovery or exacerbation of acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence M Black
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jeremie M Lever
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Department of Veterans Affairs, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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31
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Baek JH. The Impact of Versatile Macrophage Functions on Acute Kidney Injury and Its Outcomes. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1016. [PMID: 31447703 PMCID: PMC6691123 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and devastating clinical condition with a high morbidity and mortality rate and is associated with a rapid decline of kidney function mostly resulting from the injury of proximal tubules. AKI is typically accompanied by inflammation and immune activation and involves macrophages (Mϕ) from the beginning: The inflamed kidney recruits “classically” activated (M1) Mϕ, which are initially poised to destroy potential pathogens, exacerbating inflammation. Of note, they soon turn into “alternatively” activated (M2) Mϕ and promote immunosuppression and tissue regeneration. Based on their roles in kidney recovery, there is a growing interest to use M2 Mϕ and Mϕ-modulating agents therapeutically against AKI. However, it is pertinent to note that the clinical translation of Mϕ-based therapies needs to be critically reviewed and questioned since Mϕ are functionally plastic with versatile roles in AKI and some Mϕ functions are detrimental to the kidney during AKI. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge on the biology of different Mϕ subtypes during AKI and, especially, on their role in AKI and assess the impact of versatile Mϕ functions on AKI based on the findings from translational AKI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jea-Hyun Baek
- Research & Early Development, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
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32
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Tarfiei GA, Shadboorestan A, Montazeri H, Rahmanian N, Tavosi G, Ghahremani MH. GDF15 induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity in A549 cells depends on TGFBR2 expression. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 37:320-330. [PMID: 31172564 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
GDF15 plays a paradoxical role during carcinogenesis; it inhibits tumour growth in the early stages and promotes tumour cell proliferation in the late stages of cancer. Besides, GDF15 can induce apoptosis in some cancer cells including A549 but not in some others. Moreover, as a potential receptor for GDF15, TGFBR2 is inactivated during carcinogenesis in many types of cancers, and it is not present in cells with no GDF15 induced apoptosis. Thus, we tested whether GDF15 overexpression and/or TGFBR2 silencing can affect the GDF15 induced apoptosis in A549 cells. The full and mature forms of GDF15 were cloned and overexpressed in A549 cells. The TGFBR2 was silenced using specific siRNA and confirmed by real-time PCR. Results indicated that overexpression of full and mature forms of GDF15 as well as TGFBR2 knocked down reduced A549 cell viability in 24 and 48 hours. Flow cytometric analysis of annexin V/PI indicated induction of apoptosis in A549 cells by overexpression of GDF15 or silencing TGFBR2. Interestingly, the silencing of TGFBR2 inhibited the GDF15 induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in A549 cells. Overexpression of GDF15 activated caspase-9 and caspase-3 and inhibited ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation in A549 cells. TGFBR2 knocked down inhibited GDF15 effects on caspases, ERK1/2, and p38MAPK activation. Our results indicated that the effect of GDF15 on apoptosis and activation of MAPK in A549 cells depends on TGFBR2 expression. These findings may point to mechanisms in which GDF15 exerts dual effect during carcinogenesis with regard to TGFBR2 expression. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: GDF15 plays a tumour suppressor or promotor roles during carcinogenesis. The expression of GDF15 induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and inhibition of MAPK in A549 cells. All these effects were blocked by silencing TGFBR2 expression. These findings may point to mechanisms in which GDF15 exerts dual effect during carcinogenesis with regard to TGFBR2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghorban Ali Tarfiei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shadboorestan
- Department of Pharmacology -Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Montazeri
- School of Pharmacy-International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Rahmanian
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Tavosi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology -Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jeong BY, Park SR, Cho S, Yu SL, Lee HY, Park CG, Kang J, Jung DY, Park MH, Hwang WM, Yun SR, Jung JY, Yoon SH. TGF-β-mediated NADPH oxidase 4-dependent oxidative stress promotes colistin-induced acute kidney injury. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:962-972. [PMID: 29329393 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colistin (polymyxin E) is an important constituent of the polymyxin class of cationic polypeptide antibiotics. Intrarenal oxidative stress can contribute to colistin-induced nephrotoxicity. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 3-phosphate oxidases (Noxs) are important sources of reactive oxygen species. Among the various types of Noxs, Nox4 is predominantly expressed in the kidney. Objectives We investigated the role of Nox4 and benefit of Nox4 inhibition in colistin-induced acute kidney injury using in vivo and in vitro models. Methods Human proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells were treated with colistin with or without NOX4 knockdown, or GKT137831 (most specific Nox1/4 inhibitor). Effects of Nox4 inhibition on colistin-induced acute kidney injury model in Sprague-Dawley rats were examined. Results Nox4 expression in HK-2 cells significantly increased following colistin exposure. SB4315432 (transforming growth factor-β1 receptor I inhibitor) significantly inhibited Nox4 expression in HK-2 cells. Knockdown of NOX4 transcription reduced reactive oxygen species production, lowered the levels of pro-inflammatory markers (notably mitogen-activated protein kinases) implicated in colistin-induced nephrotoxicity and attenuated apoptosis by altering Bax and caspase 3/7 activity. Pretreatment with GKT137831 replicated these effects mediated by downregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activities. In a rat colistin-induced acute kidney injury model, administration of GKT137831 resulted in attenuated colistin-induced acute kidney injury as indicated by attenuated impairment of glomerulus function, preserved renal structures, reduced expression of 8-hydroxyguanosine and fewer apoptotic cells. Conclusions Collectively, these findings identify Nox4 as a key source of reactive oxygen species responsible for kidney injury in colistin-induced nephrotoxicity and highlight a novel potential way to treat drug-related nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Young Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Se-Ra Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sungkwon Cho
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Internal Medicine, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seong-Lan Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hoi Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang Gyo Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jaeku Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Da-Young Jung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Moon Hyang Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Won-Min Hwang
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Internal Medicine, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sung-Ro Yun
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Internal Medicine, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Jung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Se-Hee Yoon
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Internal Medicine, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
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34
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Manolopoulou M, Matlock BK, Nlandu-Khodo S, Simmons AJ, Lau KS, Phillips-Mignemi M, Ivanova A, Alford CE, Flaherty DK, Gewin LS. Novel kidney dissociation protocol and image-based flow cytometry facilitate improved analysis of injured proximal tubules. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F847-F855. [PMID: 30759021 PMCID: PMC6580245 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00354.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry studies on injured kidney tubules are complicated by the low yield of nucleated single cells. Furthermore, cell-specific responses such as cell cycle dynamics in vivo have conventionally relied on indirect immunohistochemistry and proximal tubule markers that may be downregulated in injury. Here, we report a new tissue dissociation protocol for the kidney with an early fixation step that greatly enhances the yield of single cells. Genetic labeling of the proximal tubule with either mT/mG "tomato" or R26Fucci2aR (Fucci) cell cycle reporter mice allows us to follow proximal tubule-specific changes in cell cycle after renal injury. Image-based flow cytometry (FlowSight) enables gating of the cell cycle and concurrent visualization of the cells with bright field and fluorescence. We used the Fucci mouse in conjunction with FlowSight to identify a discrete polyploid population in proximal tubules after aristolochic acid injury. The tissue dissociation protocol in conjunction with genetic labeling and image-based flow cytometry is a tool that can improve our understanding of any discrete cell population after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Manolopoulou
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Brittany K Matlock
- Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Stellor Nlandu-Khodo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alan J Simmons
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ken S Lau
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Melanie Phillips-Mignemi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alla Ivanova
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Catherine E Alford
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David K Flaherty
- Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Leslie S Gewin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
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35
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Fan PC, Chen CC, Peng CC, Chang CH, Yang CH, Yang C, Chu LJ, Chen YC, Yang CW, Chang YS, Chu PH. A circulating miRNA signature for early diagnosis of acute kidney injury following acute myocardial infarction. J Transl Med 2019; 17:139. [PMID: 31039814 PMCID: PMC6492315 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1890-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and is associated with adverse outcomes. The study aimed to identify a miRNA signature for the early diagnosis of post-AMI AKI. Methods A total of 108 patients admitted to a coronary care unit (CCU) were divided into four subgroups: AMI−AKI−, AMI+AKI−, AMI+AKI+, and AMI−AKI+. Thirty-six miRNA candidates were selected based on an extensive literature review. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis was used to determine the expression levels of these miRNAs in the serum collected on the day of CCU admittance. TargetScan 7.1 and miRDB databases were used for target prediction and Metacore 6.13 was used for pathway analysis. Results Through a stepwise selection based on abundance, hemolytic effect and differential expression between four groups, 9 miRNAs were found to have significantly differential expression levels as potential biomarkers for post-AMI AKI specifically. Noticeably, the expression levels of miR-24, miR-23a and miR-145 were significantly down-regulated in AMI+AKI+ patients compared to those in AMI+AKI− patients. Combination of the three miRNAs as a panel showed the best performance in the early detection of AKI following AMI (AUC = 0.853, sensitivity 95.65%), compared to the analysis of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (AUC = 0.735, sensitivity 63.16%). Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis indicated that these three miRNAs regulate the transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway and involve in apoptosis and fibrosis in AKI. Conclusions For the first time, this study identify a unique circulating miRNA signature (miR-24-3p, miR-23a-3p, miR-145-5p) that can potentially early detect AKI following AMI and may be involved in renal injury and fibrosis in post-AMI AKI pathogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-1890-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chun Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 5 Fusing Street, Gueishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan, ROC.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No. 5 Fusing Street, Gueishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Chun Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Linkou, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-Ching Peng
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 5 Fusing Street, Gueishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan, ROC.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No. 5 Fusing Street, Gueishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Hung Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 5 Fusing Street, Gueishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi Yang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lichieh Julie Chu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yung-Chang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 222, Maijin Rd., Anle Dist., Keelung City, 20401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Wei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 5 Fusing Street, Gueishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pao-Hsien Chu
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 199 Tung Hwa North Road, Taipei, 105, Taiwan.
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Gewin LS. Transforming Growth Factor-β in the Acute Kidney Injury to Chronic Kidney Disease Transition. Nephron Clin Pract 2019; 143:154-157. [PMID: 31039574 DOI: 10.1159/000500093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a key profibrotic growth factor that is activated in acute kidney injury (AKI) and associated with cellular responses that lead to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The persistently injured, de-differentiated tubular epithelial cell is an important mediator of the transition from AKI to CKD. TGF-β signaling may perpetuate proximal tubule injury through de-differentiation, cell cycle arrest, and increased susceptibility to apoptosis. In addition, TGF-β signaling promotes macrophage chemotaxis, endothelial injury, and myofibroblast differentiation after AKI. Future studies that block TGF-β signaling after cessation of AKI are needed to better define its role in the progression of acute to chronic renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie S Gewin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA, .,Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA, .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,
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37
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe and frequent condition in hospitalized patients. Currently, no efficient therapy of AKI is available. Therefore, efforts focus on early prevention and potentially early initiation of renal replacement therapy to improve the outcome in AKI. The detection of AKI in hospitalized patients implies the need for early, accurate, robust, and easily accessible biomarkers of AKI evolution and outcome prediction because only a narrow window exists to implement the earlier-described measures. Even more challenging is the multifactorial origin of AKI and the fact that the changes of molecular expression induced by AKI are difficult to distinguish from those of the diseases associated or causing AKI as shock or sepsis. During the past decade, a considerable number of protein biomarkers for AKI have been described and we expect from recent advances in the field of omics technologies that this number will increase further in the future and be extended to other sorts of biomolecules, such as RNAs, lipids, and metabolites. However, most of these biomarkers are poorly defined by their AKI-associated molecular context. In this review, we describe the state-of-the-art tissue and biofluid proteomic and metabolomic technologies and new bioinformatics approaches for proteomic and metabolomic pathway and molecular interaction analysis. In the second part of the review, we focus on AKI-associated proteomic and metabolomic biomarkers and briefly outline their pathophysiological context in AKI.
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38
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Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and related molecules in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:287-313. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20180438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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39
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Meng XM. Inflammatory Mediators and Renal Fibrosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1165:381-406. [PMID: 31399975 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Renal inflammation is the initial, healthy response to renal injury. However, prolonged inflammation promotes the fibrosis process, which leads to chronic pathology and eventually end-stage kidney disease. There are two major sources of inflammatory cells: first, bone marrow-derived leukocytes that include neutrophils, macrophages, fibrocytes and mast cells, and second, locally activated kidney cells such as mesangial cells, podocytes, tubular epithelial cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. These activated cells produce many profibrotic cytokines and growth factors that cause accumulation and activation of myofibroblasts, and enhance the production of the extracellular matrix. In particular, activated macrophages are key mediators that drive acute inflammation into chronic kidney disease. They produce large amounts of profibrotic factors and modify the microenvironment via a paracrine effect, and they also transdifferentiate to myofibroblasts directly, although the origin of myofibroblasts in the fibrosing kidney remains controversial. Collectively, understanding inflammatory cell functions and mechanisms during renal fibrosis is paramount to improving diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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How Acute Kidney Injury Contributes to Renal Fibrosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1165:117-142. [PMID: 31399964 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a widespread clinical syndrome directly associated with patient short-term and long-term morbidity and mortality. During the last decade, the incidence rate of AKI has been increasing, the repeated and severe episodes of AKI have been recognized as a major risk factor chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESRD) leading to global disease burden. Proposed pathological processes and risk factors that add to the transition of AKI to CKD and ESRD include severity and frequency of kidney injury, older age, gender, genetics and chronic health conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Therefore, there is a great interest in learning about the mechanism of AKI leading to renal fibrosis, the ultimate renal lesions of CKD. Over the last several years, a significant attention has been given to the field of renal fibrosis with impressive progression in knowing the mechanism of renal fibrosis to detailed cellular characterization and molecular pathways implicated in tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Research and clinical trial are underway for emerging biomarkers detecting early kidney injury, predicting kidney disease progression and developing strategies to efficiently treat AKI and to minimize AKI progression to CKD and ESRD. Specific interventions to prevent renal fibrosis are still experimental. Potential therapeutic advances based on those molecular mechanisms will hopefully offer promising insights into the development of new therapeutic interventions for patients in the near future.
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Chung S, Overstreet JM, Li Y, Wang Y, Niu A, Wang S, Fan X, Sasaki K, Jin GN, Khodo SN, Gewin L, Zhang MZ, Harris RC. TGF-β promotes fibrosis after severe acute kidney injury by enhancing renal macrophage infiltration. JCI Insight 2018; 3:123563. [PMID: 30385721 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β signals through a receptor complex composed of 2 type I and 2 type II (TGF-βRII) subunits. We investigated the role of macrophage TGF-β signaling in fibrosis after AKI in mice with selective monocyte/macrophage TGF-βRII deletion (macrophage TGF-βRII-/- mice). Four weeks after injury, renal TGF-β1 expression and fibrosis were higher in WT mice than macrophage TGF-βRII-/- mice, which had decreased renal macrophages. The in vitro chemotactic response to f-Met-Leu-Phe was comparable between bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMMs) from WT and macrophage TGF-βRII-/- mice, but TGF-βRII-/- BMMs did not respond to TGF-β. We then implanted Matrigel plugs suffused with either f-Met-Leu-Phe or TGF-β1 into WT or macrophage TGF-βRII-/- mice. After 6 days, f-Met-Leu-Phe induced similar macrophage infiltration into the Matrigel plugs of WT and macrophage TGF-βRII-/- mice, but TGF-β induced infiltration only in WT mice. We further determined the number of labeled WT or TGF-βRII-/- BMMs infiltrating into WT kidneys 20 days after ischemic injury. There were more labeled WT BMMs than TGF-βRII-/- BMMs. Therefore, macrophage TGF-βRII deletion protects against the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis following severe ischemic renal injury. Chemoattraction of macrophages to the injured kidney through a TGF-β/TGF-βRII axis is a heretofore undescribed mechanism by which TGF-β can mediate renal fibrosis during progressive renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Chung
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jessica M Overstreet
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yinqiu Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aolei Niu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Suwan Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Fan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kensuke Sasaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Guan-Nan Jin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stellor Nlandu Khodo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Leslie Gewin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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42
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Dong Q, Cai C, Gao F, Chen P, Gong W, Shen M. Defective Treg response in acute kidney injury was caused by a reduction in TIM-3 + Treg cells. Immunol Invest 2018; 48:27-38. [PMID: 29985717 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2018.1493497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite years of research, the treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a significant challenge. Animal studies presented causal links between elevated regulatory T cell (Treg) response and better prognosis in AKI. Previous studies in mice and humans showed that TIM-3+ Treg cells were more potent than TIM-3- Treg cells. In this study, we investigated the role of TIM-3 in Treg in AKI patients. METHODS Peripheral blood from AKI patients and healthy controls were gathered, and TIM-3+ Treg subset was examined. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, the AKI patients presented a significant upregulation in the frequency of circulating CD4+CD25+ T cells; however, the majority of this increase was from the CD4+CD25+TIM-3- subset, and the frequency of CD4+CD25+TIM-3+ T cells was downregulated in AKI patients. In both healthy controls and AKI patients, the CD4+CD25+TIM-3+ T cells expressed higher levels of Foxp3, and were more potent at expressing LFA-1, LAG-3, CTLA-4, IL-10 and TGF-β. In addition, the CD4+CD25+TIM-3+ T cells from both healthy controls and AKI patients presented higher capacity to suppress CD4+CD25- T cell proliferation than the CD4+CD25+TIM-3- T cells. Interestingly, the total CD4+CD25+ T cells from AKI patients presented significantly lower inhibitory capacity than those from healthy controls, indicating that the low frequency of CD4+CD25+TIM-3+ T cells was restricting the efficacy of the Treg responses in AKI patients. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that TIM-3 downregulation impaired the function of Treg cells in AKI. The therapeutic potential of CD4+CD25+TIM-3+ T cells in AKI should be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Dong
- a Department of Nephrology , Shanghai Corps Hospital, Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Shanghai , China
| | - Chen Cai
- b Department of Special Clinic , Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Feng Gao
- a Department of Nephrology , Shanghai Corps Hospital, Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Shanghai , China
| | - Pei Chen
- a Department of Nephrology , Shanghai Corps Hospital, Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Shanghai , China
| | - Weixin Gong
- a Department of Nephrology , Shanghai Corps Hospital, Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Shanghai , China
| | - Meihua Shen
- c Department of Critical Care Medicine , Shanghai Corps Hospital, Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Shanghai , China
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Chen L, Yang T, Lu DW, Zhao H, Feng YL, Chen H, Chen DQ, Vaziri ND, Zhao YY. Central role of dysregulation of TGF-β/Smad in CKD progression and potential targets of its treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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44
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He L, Wei Q, Liu J, Yi M, Liu Y, Liu H, Sun L, Peng Y, Liu F, Venkatachalam MA, Dong Z. AKI on CKD: heightened injury, suppressed repair, and the underlying mechanisms. Kidney Int 2017; 92:1071-1083. [PMID: 28890325 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are interconnected. Although AKI-to-CKD transition has been intensively studied, the information of AKI on CKD is very limited. Nonetheless, AKI, when occurring in patients with CKD, is known to be more severe and difficult to recover. CKD is associated with significant changes in cell signaling in kidney tissues, including the activation of transforming growth factor-β, p53, hypoxia-inducible factor, and major developmental pathways. At the cellular level, CKD is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and aberrant autophagy. At the tissue level, CKD is characterized by chronic inflammation and vascular dysfunction. These pathologic changes may contribute to the heightened sensitivity of, and nonrecovery from, AKI in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qingqing Wei
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mixuan Yi
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Youming Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fuyou Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Manjeri A Venkatachalam
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
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45
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Smad7 protects against acute kidney injury by rescuing tubular epithelial cells from the G1 cell cycle arrest. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1955-1969. [PMID: 28566468 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Smad7 plays a protective role in chronic kidney disease; however, its role in acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unexplored. Here, we report that Smad7 protects against AKI by rescuing the G1 cell cycle arrest of tubular epithelial cells (TECs) in ischemia/reperfusion-induced AKI in mice in which Smad7 gene is disrupted or restored locally into the kidney. In Smad7 gene knockout (KO) mice, more severe renal impairment including higher levels of serum creatinine and massive tubular necrosis was developed at 48 h after AKI. In contrast, restored renal Smad7 gene locally into the kidney of Smad7 KO mice protected against AKI by promoting TEC proliferation identified by PCNA+ and BrdU+ cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that worsen AKI in Smad7 KO mice was associated with a marked activation of TGF-β/Smad3-p21/p27 signaling and a loss of CDK2/cyclin E activities, thereby impairing TEC regeneration at the G1 cell cycle arrest. In contrast, restored Smad7 locally into the kidneys of Smad7 KO mice protected TECs from the G1 cell cycle arrest and promoted TEC G1/S transition via a CDK2/cyclin E-dependent mechanism. In conclusion, Smad7 plays a protective role in AKI. Blockade of TGF-β/Smad3-p21/p27-induced G1 cell cycle arrest may be a key mechanism by which Smad7 treatment inhibits AKI. Thus, Smad7 may be a novel therapeutic agent for AKI.
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46
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Nlandu-Khodo S, Neelisetty S, Phillips M, Manolopoulou M, Bhave G, May L, Clark PE, Yang H, Fogo AB, Harris RC, Taketo MM, Lee E, Gewin LS. Blocking TGF- β and β-Catenin Epithelial Crosstalk Exacerbates CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:3490-3503. [PMID: 28701516 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016121351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin pathways have important roles in modulating CKD, but how these growth factors affect the epithelial response to CKD is not well studied. TGF-β has strong profibrotic effects, but this pleiotropic factor has many different cellular effects depending on the target cell type. To investigate how TGF-β signaling in the proximal tubule, a key target and mediator of CKD, alters the response to CKD, we injured mice lacking the TGF-β type 2 receptor specifically in this epithelial segment. Compared with littermate controls, mice lacking the proximal tubular TGF-β receptor had significantly increased tubular injury and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in two different models of CKD. RNA sequencing indicated that deleting the TGF-β receptor in proximal tubule cells modulated many growth factor pathways, but Wnt/β-catenin signaling was the pathway most affected. We validated that deleting the proximal tubular TGF-β receptor impaired β-catenin activity in vitro and in vivo Genetically restoring β-catenin activity in proximal tubules lacking the TGF-β receptor dramatically improved the tubular response to CKD in mice. Deleting the TGF-β receptor alters many growth factors, and therefore, this ameliorated response may be a direct effect of β-catenin activity or an indirect effect of β-catenin interacting with other growth factors. In conclusion, blocking TGF-β and β-catenin crosstalk in proximal tubules exacerbates tubular injury in two models of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gautam Bhave
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and.,Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology
| | | | | | | | - Agnes B Fogo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and.,Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology.,Pediatrics, and
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and.,Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Departments of Medicine and
| | - M Mark Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ethan Lee
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology
| | - Leslie S Gewin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and .,Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology.,Research, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee; and
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47
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TβRII Regulates the Proliferation of Metanephric Mesenchyme Cells through Six2 In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040853. [PMID: 28420207 PMCID: PMC5412437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family signaling pathways play an important role in regulatory cellular networks and exert specific effects on developmental programs during embryo development. However, the function of TGFβ signaling pathways on the early kidney development remains unclear. In this work, we aim to detect the underlying role of TGFβ type II receptor (TβRII) in vitro, which has a similar expression pattern as the crucial regulator Six2 during early kidney development. Firstly, the 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay showed knock down of TβRII significantly decreased the proliferation ratio of metanephric mesenchyme (MM) cells. Additionally, real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Western blot together with immunofluorescence determined that the mRNA and protein levels of Six2 declined after TβRII knock down. Also, Six2 was observed to be able to partially rescue the proliferation phenotype caused by the depletion of TβRII. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis and luciferase assay indicated Smad3 could transcriptionally target Six2. Further, the EdU assay showed that Smad3 could also rescue the inhibition of proliferation caused by the knock down of TβRII. Taken together, these findings delineate the important function of the TGFβ signaling pathway in the early development of kidney and TβRII was shown to be able to promote the expression of Six2 through Smad3 mediating transcriptional regulation and in turn activate the proliferation of MM cells.
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Yang B, Chen S, Wu M, Zhang L, Ruan M, Chen X, Chen Z, Mei C, Mao Z. PHF14: an innate inhibitor against the progression of renal fibrosis following folic acid-induced kidney injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39888. [PMID: 28045076 PMCID: PMC5206671 DOI: 10.1038/srep39888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PHF14 is a newly identified regulator of mesenchyme growth in embryonic tissues. Previous studies have shown that phf14-null mutants die just after birth due to interstitial tissue hyperplasia in major organs, including the kidneys. The aim of this study was to investigate PHF14 function in renal fibrosis. By studying the chronic kidney injury mouse model, we found that PHF14 was upregulated in fibrotic kidneys after renal insults induced by folic acid administration. Compared with wild-type mice, PHF14-null mice showed more severe renal fibrosis after pro-fibrotic stimuli. Moreover, PHF14 in rat renal fibroblasts was upregulated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) stimulation; while this upregulation was inhibited when smad3 phosphorylation was blocked. A chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay further indicated that phospho-smad3 (p-smad3) acted as a transcription factor to enhance PHF14 expression. A lack of PHF14 expression enhanced collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) synthesis induced by TGF-β in vitro. PHF14 was involved in inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling overactivation by selectively repressing PDGF receptor-α (PDGFR-α) transcription. In summary, PHF14 expression was upregulated in fibrotic models in vivo and in vitro, and the TGF-β/smad3/PHF14 pathway acted as a self-limiting mechanism in the TGF-β-dominated renal pro-fibrotic process by suppressing PDGFR-α expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Kidney Institute of CPLA, Division of Nephrology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Sixiu Chen
- Kidney Institute of CPLA, Division of Nephrology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Wu
- Kidney Institute of CPLA, Division of Nephrology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengna Ruan
- Kidney Institute of CPLA, Division of Nephrology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xujiao Chen
- Kidney Institute of CPLA, Division of Nephrology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjun Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Changlin Mei
- Kidney Institute of CPLA, Division of Nephrology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Mao
- Kidney Institute of CPLA, Division of Nephrology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
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Lai W, Tang Y, Huang XR, Ming-Kuen Tang P, Xu A, Szalai AJ, Lou TQ, Lan HY. C-reactive protein promotes acute kidney injury via Smad3-dependent inhibition of CDK2/cyclin E. Kidney Int 2016; 90:610-26. [PMID: 27470679 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is exacerbated in C-reactive protein transgenic mice but alleviated in Smad3 knockout mice. Here we used C-reactive protein transgenic/Smad3 wild-type and C-reactive protein transgenic/Smad3 knockout mice to investigate the signaling mechanisms by which C-reactive protein promotes AKI. Serum creatinine was elevated, and the extent of tubular epithelial cell necrosis following ischemia/reperfusion-induced AKI was greater in C-reactive protein transgenics but was blunted when Smad3 was deleted. Exacerbation of AKI in C-reactive protein transgenics was associated with increased TGF-β/Smad3 signaling and expression of the cyclin kinase inhibitor p27, but decreased phosphorylated CDK2 and expression of cyclin E. Concomitantly, tubular epithelial cell proliferation was arrested at the G1 phase in C-reactive protein transgenics with fewer cells entering the S-phase cell cycle as evidenced by fewer bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells. In contrast, the protection from AKI in C-reactive protein transgenic/Smad3 knockout mice was associated with decreased expression of p27 and promotion of CDK2/cyclin E-dependent G1/S transition of tubular epithelial cells. In vitro studies using tubular epithelial cells showed that C-reactive protein activates Smad3 via both TGF-β-dependent and ERK/MAPK cross talk mechanisms, Smad3 bound directly to p27, and blockade of Smad3 or the Fc receptor CD32 prevented C-reactive protein-induced p27-dependent G1 cell cycle arrest. In vivo, treatment of C-reactive protein transgenics with a Smad3 inhibitor largely improved AKI outcomes. Thus, C-reactive protein may promote AKI by impairing tubular epithelial cell regeneration via the CD32-Smad3-p27-driven inhibition of the CDK2/cyclin E complex. Targeting Smad3 may offer a new treatment approach for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Lai
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao R Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anping Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Alexander J Szalai
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Tan-Qi Lou
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Y Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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50
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Pozdzik AA, Giordano L, Li G, Antoine MH, Quellard N, Godet J, De Prez E, Husson C, Declèves AE, Arlt VM, Goujon JM, Brochériou-Spelle I, Ledbetter SR, Caron N, Nortier JL. Blocking TGF-β Signaling Pathway Preserves Mitochondrial Proteostasis and Reduces Early Activation of PDGFRβ+ Pericytes in Aristolochic Acid Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Wistar Male Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157288. [PMID: 27379382 PMCID: PMC4933370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ)+ perivascular cell activation becomes increasingly recognized as a main source of scar-associated kidney myofibroblasts and recently emerged as a new cellular therapeutic target. AIMS In this regard, we first confirmed the presence of PDGFRβ+ perivascular cells in a human case of end-stage aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) and thereafter we focused on the early fibrosis events of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) inhibition in a rat model of AAN. MATERIALS AND METHODS Neutralizing anti-TGFβ antibody (1D11) and its control isotype (13C4) were administered (5 mg/kg, i.p.) at Days -1, 0, 2 and 4; AA (15 mg/kg, sc) was injected daily. RESULTS At Day 5, 1D11 significantly suppressed p-Smad2/3 signaling pathway improving renal function impairment, reduced the score of acute tubular necrosis, peritubular capillaritis, interstitial inflammation and neoangiogenesis. 1D11 markedly decreased interstitial edema, disruption of tubular basement membrane loss of brush border, cytoplasmic edema and organelle ultrastructure alterations (mitochondrial disruption and endoplasmic reticulum edema) in proximal tubular epithelial cells. Moreover, 1D11 significantly inhibited p-PERK activation and attenuated dysregulation of unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial proteostasis in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The early inhibition of p-Smad2/3 signaling pathway improved acute renal function impairment, partially prevented epithelial-endothelial axis activation by maintaining PTEC proteostasis and reduced early PDGFRβ+ pericytes-derived myofibroblasts accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka A. Pozdzik
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
- Nephrology Department, Erasme Hospital, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laetitia Giordano
- Laboratory of General Physiology, URPHYM, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Gang Li
- CardioMetabolic and Renal Research, Cell Biology, Genzyme Corporation, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marie-Hélène Antoine
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Quellard
- Pathology and Electron Microscopy, CHU La Miletrie, Poitiers, France
- INSERM U 1082, Poitiers, France
| | - Julie Godet
- Pathology and Electron Microscopy, CHU La Miletrie, Poitiers, France
- INSERM U 1082, Poitiers, France
| | - Eric De Prez
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cécile Husson
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Volker M. Arlt
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Michel Goujon
- Pathology and Electron Microscopy, CHU La Miletrie, Poitiers, France
- INSERM U 1082, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Steven R. Ledbetter
- CardioMetabolic and Renal Research, Cell Biology, Genzyme Corporation, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nathalie Caron
- Laboratory of General Physiology, URPHYM, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Joëlle L. Nortier
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
- Nephrology Department, Erasme Hospital, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
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