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Rossitto G, Bertoldi G, Rutkowski JM, Mitchell BM, Delles C. Sodium, Interstitium, Lymphatics and Hypertension-A Tale of Hydraulics. Hypertension 2024; 81:727-737. [PMID: 38385255 PMCID: PMC10954399 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.17942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Blood pressure is regulated by vascular resistance and intravascular volume. However, exchanges of electrolytes and water between intra and extracellular spaces and filtration of fluid and solutes in the capillary beds blur the separation between intravascular, interstitial and intracellular compartments. Contemporary paradigms of microvascular exchange posit filtration of fluids and solutes along the whole capillary bed and a prominent role of lymphatic vessels, rather than its venous end, for their reabsorption. In the last decade, these concepts have stimulated greater interest in and better understanding of the lymphatic system as one of the master regulators of interstitial volume homeostasis. Here, we describe the anatomy and function of the lymphatic system and focus on its plasticity in relation to the accumulation of interstitial sodium in hypertension. The pathophysiological relevance of the lymphatic system is exemplified in the kidneys, which are crucially involved in the control of blood pressure, but also hypertension-mediated cardiac damage. Preclinical modulation of the lymphatic reserve for tissue drainage has demonstrated promise, but has also generated conflicting results. A better understanding of the hydraulic element of hypertension and the role of lymphatics in maintaining fluid balance can open new approaches to prevent and treat hypertension and its consequences, such as heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossitto
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, UK
- Emergency Medicine and Hypertension, DIMED; Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bertoldi
- Emergency Medicine and Hypertension, DIMED; Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy
| | | | - Brett M. Mitchell
- Dept. of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Christian Delles
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, UK
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2
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Jandeleit-Dahm KAM, Kankanamalage HR, Dai A, Meister J, Lopez-Trevino S, Cooper ME, Touyz RM, Kennedy CRJ, Jha JC. Endothelial NOX5 Obliterates the Reno-Protective Effect of Nox4 Deletion by Promoting Renal Fibrosis via Activation of EMT and ROS-Sensitive Pathways in Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:396. [PMID: 38671844 PMCID: PMC11047703 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia induces intrarenal oxidative stress due to the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to a cascade of events that contribute to the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). NOX5, a pro-oxidant NADPH oxidase isoform, has been identified as a significant contributor to renal ROS in humans. Elevated levels of renal ROS contribute to endothelial cell dysfunction and associated inflammation, causing increased endothelial permeability, which can disrupt the renal ecosystem, leading to progressive albuminuria and renal fibrosis in DKD. This study specifically examines the contribution of endothelial cell-specific human NOX5 expression in renal pathology in a transgenic mouse model of DKD. This study additionally compares NOX5 with the previously characterized NADPH oxidase, NOX4, in terms of their relative roles in DKD. Regardless of NOX4 pathway, this study found that endothelial cell-specific expression of NOX5 exacerbates renal injury, albuminuria and fibrosis. This is attributed to the activation of the endothelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway via enhanced ROS formation and the modulation of redox-sensitive factors. These findings underscore the potential therapeutic significance of NOX5 inhibition in human DKD. The study proposes that inhibiting NOX5 could be a promising approach for mitigating the progression of DKD and strengthens the case for the development of NOX5-specific inhibitors as a potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin A. M. Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research & Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (K.A.M.J.-D.); (S.L.-T.); (M.E.C.)
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Haritha R. Kankanamalage
- Department of Diabetes, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research & Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (K.A.M.J.-D.); (S.L.-T.); (M.E.C.)
| | - Aozhi Dai
- Department of Diabetes, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research & Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (K.A.M.J.-D.); (S.L.-T.); (M.E.C.)
| | - Jaroslawna Meister
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Sara Lopez-Trevino
- Department of Diabetes, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research & Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (K.A.M.J.-D.); (S.L.-T.); (M.E.C.)
| | - Mark E. Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research & Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (K.A.M.J.-D.); (S.L.-T.); (M.E.C.)
| | - Rhian M. Touyz
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3H 2R9, Canada;
| | - Christopher R. J. Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada;
| | - Jay C. Jha
- Department of Diabetes, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research & Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (K.A.M.J.-D.); (S.L.-T.); (M.E.C.)
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3
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Brookins E, Serrano SE, Yacu GS, Finer G, Thomson BR. Non-endothelial expression of Endomucin in the mouse and human choroid. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.08.584133. [PMID: 38559191 PMCID: PMC10979916 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.584133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Endomucin (EMCN) is a 261 AA transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed by venous and capillary endothelial cells where it plays a role in VEGF-mediated angiogenesis and regulation of immune cell recruitment. However, it is better known as a histological marker, where it has become widespread due to the commercial availability of high-quality antibodies that work under a wide range of conditions and in many tissues. The specificity of EMCN staining has been well-validated in retinal vessels, but while it has been used extensively as a marker in other tissues of the eye, including the choroid, the pattern of expression has not been described in detail. Here, in addition to endothelial expression in the choriocapillaris and deeper vascular layers, we characterize a population of EMCN-positive perivascular cells in the mouse choroid that did not co-localize with cells expressing other endothelial markers such as PECAM1 or PODXL. To confirm that these cells represented a new population of EMCN-expressing stromal cells, we then performed single cell RNA sequencing in choroids from adult wild-type mice. Analysis of this new dataset confirmed that, in addition to endothelial cells, Emcn mRNA expression was present in choroidal pericytes and a subset of fibroblasts, but not vascular smooth muscle cells. Besides Emcn , no known endothelial gene expression was detected in these cell populations, confirming that they did not represent endothelial-stromal doublets, a common technical artifact in single cell RNA seq datasets. Instead, choroidal Emcn -expressing fibroblasts exhibited high levels of chemokine and interferon signaling genes, while Emcn -negative fibroblasts were enriched in genes encoding extracellular matrix proteins. Emcn expressing fibroblasts were also detected in published datasets from mouse brain and human choroid, suggesting that stromal Emcn expression was not unique to the choroid and was evolutionarily conserved. Together, these findings highlight unique fibroblast and pericyte populations in the choroid and provide new context for the role of EMCN in angiogenesis and immune cell recruitment.
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Guo C, Cui Y, Jiao M, Yao J, Zhao J, Tian Y, Dong J, Liao L. Crosstalk between proximal tubular epithelial cells and other interstitial cells in tubulointerstitial fibrosis after renal injury. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1256375. [PMID: 38260142 PMCID: PMC10801024 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1256375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The energy needs of tubular epithelial components, especially proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs), are high and they heavily depend on aerobic metabolism. As a result, they are particularly vulnerable to various injuries caused by factors such as ischemia, proteinuria, toxins, and elevated glucose levels. Initial metabolic and phenotypic changes in PTECs after injury are likely an attempt at survival and repair. Nevertheless, in cases of recurrent or prolonged injury, PTECs have the potential to undergo a transition to a secretory state, leading to the generation and discharge of diverse bioactive substances, including transforming growth factor-β, Wnt ligands, hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin (IL)-1β, lactic acid, exosomes, and extracellular vesicles. By promoting fibroblast activation, macrophage recruitment, and endothelial cell loss, these bioactive compounds stimulate communication between epithelial cells and other interstitial cells, ultimately worsening renal damage. This review provides a summary of the latest findings on bioactive compounds that facilitate the communication between these cellular categories, ultimately leading to the advancement of tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuying Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicin, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingwen Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinming Yao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junyu Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yutian Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicin, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Ghimire A, Brassington R, Solez K, Bello A. Chronic thrombotic microangiopathy presenting as acute nephrotic syndrome in a patient with renal cancer receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e255841. [PMID: 38182165 PMCID: PMC10773325 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-255841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a rare but serious side effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. Previous case reports of renal TMA have usually occurred in the first few months of TKI initiation with only very few cases occurring within 2-3 years. We report a case of a patient who was referred to the Nephrology service for nephrotic syndrome and worsening renal function after 8 years of sunitinib therapy for metastatic clear cell carcinoma of the kidney. Renal biopsy showed chronic TMA without another secondary aetiology identified. With discontinuation of sunitinib and pharmacological optimisation of his hypertension, his renal function and proteinuria both significantly improved. No relapse or recurrence of disease activity was noted after a year of follow-up. This case highlights the importance of remaining vigilant for the development of renal TMA even after an extended duration of TKI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anukul Ghimire
- Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rebecca Brassington
- Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kim Solez
- Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aminu Bello
- Nephrology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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6
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Li J, Li XL, Li CQ. Immunoregulation mechanism of VEGF signaling pathway inhibitors and its efficacy on the kidney. Am J Med Sci 2023; 366:404-412. [PMID: 37699444 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis and immunosuppression are closely related pathophysiologic processes. Widely prescribed in malignant tumor and proliferative retinal lesions, VEGF signaling pathway inhibitors may cause hypertension and renal injury in some patients, presenting with proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome, renal failure and thrombotic microangiopathy. VEGF signaling pathway inhibitors block the action of both VEGF-A and VEGF-C. However, VEGF-A and VEGF-C produced by podocytes are vital to maintain the physiological function of glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes. There is still no effective treatment for kidney disease associated with VEGF signaling pathway inhibitors and some patients have progressive renal failure even after withdrawal of the drug. Recent studies reveal that blocking of VEGF-A and VEGF-C can activate CD4 +and CD8+ T cells, augment antigen-presenting function of dendritic cells, enhance cytotoxicity of macrophages and initiate complement cascade activation. VEGF and VEGFR are expressed in immune cells, which are involved in the immunosuppression and cross-talk among immune cells. This review summarizes the expression and function of VEGF-A and VEGF-C in the kidney. The current immunoregulation mechanisms of VEGF signaling pathway inhibitors are reviewed. Finally, combinate strategies are summarized to highlight the proposal for VEGF signaling pathway inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiao-Lin Li
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-Qing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Arai H, Yamamoto S, Matsubara T, Miyake T, Tochio A, Mii A, Shimizu A, Minamiguchi S, Muso E, Yanagita M. Focal Segmental Sclerosis Associated with the Novel Multi-tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Ponatinib. Intern Med 2023; 62:2693-2698. [PMID: 36642524 PMCID: PMC10569927 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1283-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ponatinib is a novel multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with potent inhibitory activity against refractory chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Despite its high clinical efficacy, ponatinib induces various adverse events due to its multi-target characteristic. However, renal complications associated with ponatinib are rare. A 76-year-old woman had a history of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) resistant to imatinib and nilotinib. Our patient developed proteinuria and renal function deterioration during treatment with ponatinib but not with imatinib or nilotinib. We herein report the first case of a patient with secondary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) with partial glomerular collapse induced by ponatinib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsubara
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takafumi Miyake
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akira Tochio
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Japanese Red Cross Society Wakayama Medical Center, Japan
| | - Akiko Mii
- Department of Nephrology, Nippon Medical School, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Japan
| | | | - Eri Muso
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Kitano Hospital, Japan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Contemporary Home Economics, Kyoto Kacho University, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Japan
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8
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Luxen M, Zwiers PJ, Meester F, Jongman RM, Kuiper T, Moser J, Pultar M, Skalicky S, Diendorfer AB, Hackl M, van Meurs M, Molema G. Unique miRNome and transcriptome profiles underlie microvascular heterogeneity in mouse kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F299-F316. [PMID: 37410897 PMCID: PMC10511173 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00005.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells in blood vessels in the kidney exert different functions depending on the (micro)vascular bed they are located in. The present study aimed to investigate microRNA and mRNA transcription patterns that underlie these differences. We zoomed in on microvascular compartments in the mouse renal cortex by laser microdissecting the microvessels prior to small RNA- and RNA-sequencing analyses. By these means, we characterized microRNA and mRNA transcription profiles of arterioles, glomeruli, peritubular capillaries, and postcapillary venules. Quantitative RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry were used to validate sequencing results. Unique microRNA and mRNA transcription profiles were found in all microvascular compartments, with dedicated marker microRNAs and mRNAs showing enriched transcription in a single microvascular compartment. In situ hybridization validated the localization of microRNAs mmu-miR-140-3p in arterioles, mmu-miR-322-3p in glomeruli, and mmu-miR-451a in postcapillary venules. Immunohistochemical staining showed that von Willebrand factor protein was mainly expressed in arterioles and postcapillary venules, whereas GABRB1 expression was enriched in glomeruli, and IGF1 was enriched in postcapillary venules. More than 550 compartment-specific microRNA-mRNA interaction pairs were identified that carry functional implications for microvascular behavior. In conclusion, our study identified unique microRNA and mRNA transcription patterns in microvascular compartments of the mouse kidney cortex that underlie microvascular heterogeneity. These patterns provide important molecular information for future studies into differential microvascular engagement in health and disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Renal endothelial cells display a high level of heterogeneity depending on the (micro)vascular bed they reside in. The molecular basis contributing to these differences is poorly understood yet of high importance to increase understanding of microvascular engagement in the kidney in health and disease. This report describes m(icro)RNA expression profiles of microvascular beds in the mouse renal cortex and uncovers microvascular compartment-specific m(icro)RNAs and miRNA-mRNA pairs, thereby revealing important molecular mechanisms underlying renal microvascular heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs Luxen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Zwiers
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Meester
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne M Jongman
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Timara Kuiper
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jill Moser
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Matijs van Meurs
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Grietje Molema
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Gao X, Chang J, Chang Y, Fan L, Liu Z, Zhang C, Shimosawa T, Yang F, Xu Q. Esaxerenone Inhibits Renal Angiogenesis and Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition via the VEGFA and TGF-β1 Pathways in Aldosterone-Infused Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11766. [PMID: 37511521 PMCID: PMC10380380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is an inevitable process in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Angiogenesis plays an important role in this process. Vascular endothelial cells are involved in renal fibrosis by phenotypic transformation and secretion of extracellular matrix. Aldosterone stimulates mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation and induces inflammation, which is important for angiogenesis. Clinically, MR blockers (MRBs) have a protective effect on damaged kidneys, which may be associated with inhibition of angiogenesis. In this study, we used aldosterone-infused mice and found that aldosterone induced angiogenesis and that endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in neovascular endothelial cells was involved in renal fibrosis. Notably, aldosterone induced inflammation and stimulated macrophages to secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A to regulate angiogenesis by activating MR, whereas EndMT occurred in response to transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) induction and participated in renal fibrosis. These effects were antagonized by the MRB esaxerenone. These findings suggest that reducing angiogenesis may be an effective strategy for treating renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Gao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Jingyue Chang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yi Chang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Lili Fan
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Ziqian Liu
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Cuijuan Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Tatsuo Shimosawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita 286-8686, Japan
| | - Fan Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Qingyou Xu
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
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10
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Zhang K, Fu Z, Zhang Y, Chen X, Cai G, Hong Q. The role of cellular crosstalk in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1173933. [PMID: 37538798 PMCID: PMC10395826 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1173933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes, and its main manifestations are progressive proteinuria and abnormal renal function, which eventually develops end stage renal disease (ESRD). The pathogenesis of DN is complex and involves many signaling pathways and molecules, including metabolic disorders, genetic factors, oxidative stress, inflammation, and microcirculatory abnormalities strategies. With the development of medical experimental techniques, such as single-cell transcriptome sequencing and single-cell proteomics, the pathological alterations caused by kidney cell interactions have attracted more and more attention. Here, we reviewed the characteristics and related mechanisms of crosstalk among kidney cells podocytes, endothelial cells, mesangial cells, pericytes, and immune cells during the development and progression of DN and highlighted its potential therapeutic effects.
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11
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Aiello FB, Ranelletti FO, Liberatore M, Felaco P, De Luca G, Lamolinara A, Schena FP, Bonomini M. Independent Prognostic and Predictive Role of Interstitial Macrophages in Kidney Biopsies of IgA Nephropathy Patients. J Pers Med 2023; 13:935. [PMID: 37373924 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13060935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A relevant percentage of IgAN patients experience a progressive decline in kidney function. According to the KDIGO guidelines, proteinuria and eGFR are the only validated prognostic markers. The role of interstitial macrophages in kidney biopsies of IgAN patients and the outcome of patients treated with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASBs) alone or combined with glucocorticoids were evaluated. Clinical and laboratory records (age, gender, hypertension, hematuria, proteinuria, eGFR, serum creatinine, and therapy), MEST-C parameters of the Oxford classification, C4d deposition, peritubular capillaries, and glomerular and interstitial macrophages in 47 IgAN patients undergoing kidney biopsy consecutively between 2003 and 2016 were examined. A high number of interstitial macrophages significantly correlated with peritubular capillary rarefaction and impairment of kidney function. Cox's multivariable regression analysis revealed that a value > 19.5 macrophages/HPF behaved as an independent marker of an unfavorable outcome. Patients exhibiting > 19.5 macrophages/HPF treated at the time of diagnosis with RASBs combined with methylprednisolone had an estimated probability of a favorable outcome higher than patients treated with RASBs alone. Thus, a value > 19.5 macrophages/HPF in IgAN biopsies can predict an unfavorable outcome and endorse a well-timed administration of glucocorticoids. Studies evaluating urine biomarkers associated with peritubular capillary rarefaction in patients with marked macrophage infiltration may help personalized treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bianca Aiello
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Felaco
- UOC Nephrology and Dialysis PO, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Graziano De Luca
- Graziano De Luca UO Clinical Pathology, Val Vibrata Hospital, 64027 Sant'Omero, Italy
| | - Alessia Lamolinara
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Schena
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
- Schena Foundation, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Mario Bonomini
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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12
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Maggiore JC, LeGraw R, Przepiorski A, Velazquez J, Chaney C, Streeter E, Silva-Barbosa A, Franks J, Hislop J, Hill A, Wu H, Pfister K, Howden SE, Watkins SC, Little M, Humphreys BD, Watson A, Stolz DB, Kiani S, Davidson AJ, Carroll TJ, Cleaver O, Sims-Lucas S, Ebrahimkhani MR, Hukriede NA. Genetically engineering endothelial niche in human kidney organoids enables multilineage maturation, vascularization and de novo cell types. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.30.542848. [PMID: 37333155 PMCID: PMC10274893 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.30.542848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Vascularization plays a critical role in organ maturation and cell type development. Drug discovery, organ mimicry, and ultimately transplantation in a clinical setting thereby hinges on achieving robust vascularization of in vitro engineered organs. Here, focusing on human kidney organoids, we overcome this hurdle by combining an inducible ETS translocation variant 2 (ETV2) human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line, which directs endothelial fate, with a non-transgenic iPSC line in suspension organoid culture. The resulting human kidney organoids show extensive vascularization by endothelial cells with an identity most closely related to endogenous kidney endothelia. Vascularized organoids also show increased maturation of nephron structures including more mature podocytes with improved marker expression, foot process interdigitation, an associated fenestrated endothelium, and the presence of renin+ cells. The creation of an engineered vascular niche capable of improving kidney organoid maturation and cell type complexity is a significant step forward in the path to clinical translation. Furthermore, this approach is orthogonal to native tissue differentiation paths, hence readily adaptable to other organoid systems and thus has the potential for a broad impact on basic and translational organoid studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Maggiore
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Ryan LeGraw
- Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Aneta Przepiorski
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Jeremy Velazquez
- Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Christopher Chaney
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Evan Streeter
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Anne Silva-Barbosa
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15213
| | - Jonathan Franks
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joshua Hislop
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Alex Hill
- Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Haojia Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Katherine Pfister
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15213
| | - Sara E Howden
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Melissa Little
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin D Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Alan Watson
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Samira Kiani
- Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Alan J Davidson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Thomas J Carroll
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Sunder Sims-Lucas
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15213
| | - Mo R Ebrahimkhani
- Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Neil A Hukriede
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
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13
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Mizuno K, Imai N, Yamamoto T, Yokoyama S, Yamamoto K, Ito T, Ishizu Y, Honda T, Kuzuya T, Ishigami M, Kawashima H. Pretreatment Proteinuria Predicts the Prognosis of Patients Receiving Systemic Therapy for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2853. [PMID: 37345189 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteinuria is a common adverse event in systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, whether the presence of pretreatment proteinuria affects the clinical course is still unclear. METHOD From 2011 to 2022, 321 patients with unresectable HCC who were treated with systemic therapy as first-line treatment were enrolled in this study. We retrospectively analyzed the presence of pretreatment proteinuria and the treatment course of systemic therapy. RESULTS In the cohort, 190 patients were tested for proteinuria qualitatively within 3 months before systemic therapy; 75 were treated with sorafenib, 72 were treated with lenvatinib, and 43 were treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab. Overall survival tended to be longer for patients treated with lenvatinib and significantly longer with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in patients without pretreatment proteinuria but not for those treated with sorafenib. Further analysis was performed in 111 patients treated with lenvatinib or atezolizumab plus bevacizumab who had proteinuria measured quantitatively. Multivariate analysis including proteinuria, liver function, and HCC stage revealed that the severity of proteinuria was an independent predictor of prognosis. CONCLUSION Pretreatment proteinuria predicts a poorer prognosis in patients with unresectable HCC treated with lenvatinib or atezolizumab plus bevacizumab but not in those treated with sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Mizuno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya-shi 466-8560, Aichi-ken, Japan
| | - Norihiro Imai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya-shi 466-8560, Aichi-ken, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya-shi 466-8560, Aichi-ken, Japan
| | - Shinya Yokoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya-shi 466-8560, Aichi-ken, Japan
| | - Kenta Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya-shi 466-8560, Aichi-ken, Japan
| | - Takanori Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya-shi 466-8560, Aichi-ken, Japan
| | - Yoji Ishizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya-shi 466-8560, Aichi-ken, Japan
| | - Takashi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya-shi 466-8560, Aichi-ken, Japan
| | - Teiji Kuzuya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi-ken, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishigami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya-shi 466-8560, Aichi-ken, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawashima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya-shi 466-8560, Aichi-ken, Japan
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14
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Li Y, Liu Y, Liu S, Gao M, Wang W, Chen K, Huang L, Liu Y. Diabetic vascular diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:152. [PMID: 37037849 PMCID: PMC10086073 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular complications of diabetes pose a severe threat to human health. Prevention and treatment protocols based on a single vascular complication are no longer suitable for the long-term management of patients with diabetes. Diabetic panvascular disease (DPD) is a clinical syndrome in which vessels of various sizes, including macrovessels and microvessels in the cardiac, cerebral, renal, ophthalmic, and peripheral systems of patients with diabetes, develop atherosclerosis as a common pathology. Pathological manifestations of DPDs usually manifest macrovascular atherosclerosis, as well as microvascular endothelial function impairment, basement membrane thickening, and microthrombosis. Cardiac, cerebral, and peripheral microangiopathy coexist with microangiopathy, while renal and retinal are predominantly microangiopathic. The following associations exist between DPDs: numerous similar molecular mechanisms, and risk-predictive relationships between diseases. Aggressive glycemic control combined with early comprehensive vascular intervention is the key to prevention and treatment. In addition to the widely recommended metformin, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, for the latest molecular mechanisms, aldose reductase inhibitors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonizts, glucokinases agonizts, mitochondrial energy modulators, etc. are under active development. DPDs are proposed for patients to obtain more systematic clinical care requires a comprehensive diabetes care center focusing on panvascular diseases. This would leverage the advantages of a cross-disciplinary approach to achieve better integration of the pathogenesis and therapeutic evidence. Such a strategy would confer more clinical benefits to patients and promote the comprehensive development of DPD as a discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- The Second Department of Gerontology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Mengqi Gao
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Keji Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- China Center for Evidence-based Medicine of TCM, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Yue Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
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15
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Ribatti D, Ligresti G, Nicosia RF. Kidney endothelial cell heterogeneity, angiocrine activity and paracrine regulatory mechanisms. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 148:107139. [PMID: 36539108 PMCID: PMC10828957 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The blood microvascular endothelium consists of a heterogeneous population of cells with regionally distinct morphologies and transcriptional signatures in different tissues and organs. In addition to providing an anti-thrombogenic surface for blood flow, endothelial cells perform a multitude of additional regulatory tasks involving organogenesis, metabolism, angiogenesis, inflammation, repair and organ homeostasis. To communicate with surrounding cells and accomplish their many functions, endothelial cells secrete angiocrine factors including growth factors, chemokines, cytokines, extracellular matrix components, and proteolytic enzymes. Nonendothelial parenchymal and stromal cells in turn regulate endothelial growth, differentiation and survival during embryonal development and in the adult by paracrine mechanisms. Driven by advances in molecular biology, animal genetics, single cell transcriptomics and microscopic imaging, knowledge of organotypic vasculatures has expanded rapidly in recent years. The kidney vasculature, in particular, has been the focus of intensive investigation and represents a primary example of how endothelial heterogeneity and crosstalk with nonendothelial cells contribute to the development and function of a vital organ. In this paper, we review the morphology, function, and development of the kidney vasculature, with an emphasis on blood microvascular endothelial heterogeneity, and provide examples of endothelial and nonendothelial-derived factors that are critically involved in kidney development, growth, response to injury, and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche di Base, Neuroscienze e Organi di Senso (SMBNOS), Universita' degli Studi Aldo Moro, Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, - Bari, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Ligresti
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America
| | - Roberto F Nicosia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Box 356100, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
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16
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Gan G, Michel M, Max A, Sujet-Perone N, Zevering Y, Vermion JC, Zaidi M, Savenkoff B, Perone JM. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis after intravitreal vascular growth factor inhibitor injections: A case report and review of the literature. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 89:401-409. [PMID: 36208427 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic administration of agents that inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and therefore vascular proliferation is often used to treat various cancers. However, these agents are associated with a number of side effects, including proteinuria and renal injury. Intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents has become the cornerstone of macular disease treatment. Since these agents cross the blood-retina barrier and enter the circulation, systemic side effects have been reported. We report the novel case of a 57-year-old patient who presented with macular oedema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion, underwent three monthly loading-dose injections with the anti-VEGF agent ranibizumab, and 2 weeks after the second injection presented with biopsy-verified membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Twelve weeks after presenting with renal failure and 10 weeks after his last anti-VEGF injection, the patient demonstrated spontaneous recovery of his kidney function. The patient had a history that promoted renal fragility, including hypertension, liver transplantation 6 years earlier for alcohol-related cirrhosis and new-onset diabetes mellitus after transplant. Our literature review and case suggest that although adverse renal events after intravitreal anti-VEGF injections are very rare, ophthalmologists and nephrologists should be aware of this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Gan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Metz-Thionville Regional Hospital Center, Mercy Hospital, Metz, France
| | - Mathis Michel
- Department of Nephrology, Mercy Hospital, Metz-Thionville Regional Hospital Center, Metz, France
| | - Antoine Max
- Cypath Metz, Cytopathology Laboratory, Metz, France
| | - Nicolas Sujet-Perone
- Department of Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, Reims University Hospital Center, Reims, France
| | - Yinka Zevering
- Department of Ophthalmology, Metz-Thionville Regional Hospital Center, Mercy Hospital, Metz, France
| | - Jean-Charles Vermion
- Department of Ophthalmology, Metz-Thionville Regional Hospital Center, Mercy Hospital, Metz, France
| | - Mohamed Zaidi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Metz-Thionville Regional Hospital Center, Mercy Hospital, Metz, France
| | - Benjamin Savenkoff
- Department of Nephrology, Mercy Hospital, Metz-Thionville Regional Hospital Center, Metz, France
| | - Jean-Marc Perone
- Department of Ophthalmology, Metz-Thionville Regional Hospital Center, Mercy Hospital, Metz, France
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17
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Shi M, Maique JO, Cleaver O, Moe OW, Hu MC. VEGFR2 insufficiency enhances phosphotoxicity and undermines Klotho's protection against peritubular capillary rarefaction and kidney fibrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F106-F123. [PMID: 36395384 PMCID: PMC9799155 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00149.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its cognate receptor (VEGFR2) system are crucial for cell functions associated with angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Klotho contributes to vascular health maintenance in the kidney and other organs in mammals, but it is unknown whether renoprotection by Klotho is dependent on VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling. We used heterozygous VEGFR2-haploinsufficient (VEGFR2+/-) mice resulting from heterozygous knockin of green fluorescent protein in the locus of fetal liver kinase 1 encoding VEGFR2 to test the interplay of Klotho, phosphate, and VEGFR2 in kidney function, the vasculature, and fibrosis. VEGFR2+/- mice displayed downregulated VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling in the kidney, lower density of peritubular capillaries, and accelerated kidney fibrosis, all of which were also found in the homozygous Klotho hypomorphic mice. High dietary phosphate induced higher plasma phosphate, greater peritubular capillary rarefaction, and more kidney fibrosis in VEGFR2+/- mice compared with wild-type mice. Genetic overexpression of Klotho significantly attenuated the elevated plasma phosphate, kidney dysfunction, peritubular capillary rarefaction, and kidney fibrosis induced by a high-phosphate diet in wild-type mice but only modestly ameliorated these changes in the VEGFR2+/- background. In cultured endothelial cells, VEGFR2 inhibition reduced free VEGFR2 but enhanced its costaining of an endothelial marker (CD31) and exacerbated phosphotoxicity. Klotho protein maintained VEGFR2 expression and attenuated high phosphate-induced cell injury, which was reduced by VEGFR2 inhibition. In conclusion, normal VEGFR2 function is required for vascular integrity and for Klotho to exert vascular protective and antifibrotic actions in the kidney partially through the regulation of VEGFR2 function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This research paper studied the interplay of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 (VEGFR2), high dietary phosphate, and Klotho, an antiaging protein, in peritubular structure and kidney fibrosis. Klotho protein was shown to maintain VEGFR2 expression in the kidney and reduce high phosphate-induced cell injury. However, Klotho cytoprotection was attenuated by VEGFR2 inhibition. Thus, normal VEGFR2 function is required for vascular integrity and Klotho to exert vascular protective and antifibrotic actions in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Shi
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jenny Omega Maique
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Orson W Moe
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ming Chang Hu
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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18
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Tubular epithelial cells-derived small extracellular vesicle-VEGF-A promotes peritubular capillary repair in ischemic kidney injury. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:73. [PMID: 36528739 PMCID: PMC9759551 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritubular capillaries (PTCs) are closely related to renal tubules in structure and function, and both are pivotal regulators in the development and progression of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the mechanisms that underlie the interaction between PTCs and tubules during AKI remain unclear. Here we explored a new mode of tubulovascular crosstalk mediated by small extracellular vesicles (sEV) after AKI. In response to renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, endothelial proliferation of PTCs and tubular expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) were increased, accompanied by a remarkable redistribution of cytoplasmic VEGF-A to the basolateral side of tubular cells. Meanwhile, the secretion mode of VEGF-A was converted in the injured tubular cells, which showed a much greater tendency to secrete VEGF-A via sEV other than the free form. Interestingly, tubular cell-derived VEGF-A-enriched sEV (sEV-VEGF-A) turned out to promote endothelial proliferation which was regulated by VEGF receptors 1 and 2. Furthermore, inhibition of renal sEV secretion by Rab27a knockdown resulted in a significant decrease in the proliferation of peritubular endothelial cells in vivo. Importantly, taking advantage of the newly recognized endogenous repair response of PTCs, exogenous supplementation of VEGF-A + sEV efficiently recused PTC rarefaction, improved renal perfusion, and halted the AKI to CKD transition. Taken together, our study uncovered a novel intrinsic repair response after AKI through renal tubule-PTC crosstalk via sEV-VEGF-A, which could be exploited as a promising therapeutic angiogenesis strategy in diseases with ischemia.
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19
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Ou SH, Yin CH, Chung TL, Chen HY, Chen CL, Chen JS, Lee PT. Intravitreal Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitor Use and Renal Function Decline in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14298. [PMID: 36361175 PMCID: PMC9657653 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Adverse renal effects of systemic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor treatment are well documented. We aimed to identify associations between intravitreal VEGF inhibitor use and renal function decline in patients with diabetic retinopathy. We included 625 patients with diabetic retinopathy for regular renal function follow-ups and grouped them according to intravitreal therapy (67 with and 558 without treatment). We used a generalized estimating equation model to identify renal function decline risk factors. Increased age (p = 0.02), insulin use (p = 0.01), hypertension (p < 0.01), and ischemic heart disease (p < 0.01) were associated with significantly decreased estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) in patients with diabetic retinopathy after 1-year follow-up. Compared to the control group, patients who received intravitreal VEGF inhibitor injections showed a declining eGFR trend in the repeated measurement model without statistical significance (p = 0.06). In subgroup analysis, patients with initial eGFR ≤ 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 who received intravitreal VEGF inhibitors had significantly decreased renal function (p < 0.01) compared to those without treatment. Intravitreal VEGF inhibitor injection was associated with renal function deterioration among patients with diabetic retinopathy and advanced chronic kidney disease. Strategies to monitor renal function after treatment should be considered in these high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsiang Ou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pingtung Veterans General Hospital, Pingtung 900, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Yin
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Institute of Health Care Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ling Chung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Liang Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shuen Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Defense Medicine Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Po-Tsang Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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VEGFA promotes the occurrence of PLA2R-associated idiopathic membranous nephropathy by angiogenesis via the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:313. [PMID: 36114523 PMCID: PMC9482157 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02936-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R)-associated idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is a common immune-related disease in adults. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is the key mediator of angiogenesis, which leads to numerous kidney diseases. However, the role of VEGFA in IMN is poorly understood. Methods In the present study, we downloaded the microarray data GSE115857 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with R software. The cytoHubba plug-in were used to identify hub genes from the protein–protein interaction network. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to identify signalling pathway in IMN. CCK8 was performed to assess the cell viability in human vascular endothelial cells (HVECs). Then, passive Heymann nephritis (PHN) was induced in rats by a single tail vein injection of anti-Fx1A antiserum. Animals treated with VEGFA inhibitor bevacizumab (BV), with saline as a positive control. Proteinuria was evaluated by biochemical measurements. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence was used to evaluate relative proteins expression. Electron microscopy was performed to observe the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Results We revealed 3 hub genes, including one up-regulated gene VEGFA and two down-regulated genes JUN and FOS, which are closely related to the development of PLA2R-associated IMN. Pathway enrichment analysis found that the biological process induced by VEGFA is associated with PI3K/Akt signalling. GSEA showed that the signalling pathway of DEGs in GSE115857 was focused on angiogenesis, in which VEGFA acts as a core gene. We confirmed the high expression of VEGFA, PI3K, and AKT in IMN renal biopsy samples with immunohistochemistry. In HVECs, we found that BV suppresses cell viability in a time and dose dependent manner. In vivo, we found low dose of BV attenuates proteinuria via inhibiting VEGFA/PI3K/AKT signalling. Meanwhile, low dose of BV alleviates the thickening of the GBM. Conclusion VEGFA/PI3K/AKT signalling may play significant roles in the pathogenesis of IMN, which may provide new targets for the treatment of IMN. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12882-022-02936-y.
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Knowledge-graph-based cell-cell communication inference for spatially resolved transcriptomic data with SpaTalk. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4429. [PMID: 35908020 PMCID: PMC9338929 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatially resolved transcriptomics provides genetic information in space toward elucidation of the spatial architecture in intact organs and the spatially resolved cell-cell communications mediating tissue homeostasis, development, and disease. To facilitate inference of spatially resolved cell-cell communications, we here present SpaTalk, which relies on a graph network and knowledge graph to model and score the ligand-receptor-target signaling network between spatially proximal cells by dissecting cell-type composition through a non-negative linear model and spatial mapping between single-cell transcriptomic and spatially resolved transcriptomic data. The benchmarked performance of SpaTalk on public single-cell spatial transcriptomic datasets is superior to that of existing inference methods. Then we apply SpaTalk to STARmap, Slide-seq, and 10X Visium data, revealing the in-depth communicative mechanisms underlying normal and disease tissues with spatial structure. SpaTalk can uncover spatially resolved cell-cell communications for single-cell and spot-based spatially resolved transcriptomic data universally, providing valuable insights into spatial inter-cellular tissue dynamics. Cell-cell communication is a vital feature involving numerous biological processes. Here, the authors develop SpaTalk, a cell-cell communication inference method using knowledge graph for spatially resolved transcriptomic data, providing valuable insights into spatial intercellular tissue dynamics.
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22
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Liu J, Chaudhry M, Bai F, Chuang J, Chaudhry H, Al-Astal AEY, Nie Y, Sollars V, Sodhi K, Seligman P, Shapiro JI. Blockage of the Na-K-ATPase signaling-mediated oxidant amplification loop elongates red blood cell half-life and ameliorates uremic anemia induced by 5/6th PNx in C57BL/6 mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F655-F666. [PMID: 35435001 PMCID: PMC9076417 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00189.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the Na-K-ATPase signaling-mediated oxidant amplification loop contributes to experimental uremic cardiomyopathy and anemia induced by 5/6th partial nephrectomy (PNx). This process can be ameliorated by systemic administration of the peptide pNaKtide, which was designed to block this oxidant amplification loop. The present study demonstrated that the PNx-induced anemia is characterized by marked decreases in red blood cell (RBC) survival as assessed by biotinylated RBC clearance and eryptosis as assessed by annexin V binding. No significant change in iron homeostasis was observed. Examination of plasma samples demonstrated that PNx induced significant increases in systemic oxidant stress as assessed by protein carbonylation, plasma erythropoietin concentration, and blood urea nitrogen. Systemic administration of pNaKtide, but not NaKtide (pNaKtide without the TAT leader sequence) and a scramble "pNaKtide" (sc-pNaKtide), led to the normalization of hematocrit, RBC survival, and plasma protein carbonylation. Administration of the three peptides had no significant effect on PNx-induced increases in plasma erythropoietin and blood urea nitrogen without notable changes in iron metabolism. These data indicate that blockage of the Na-K-ATPase signaling-mediated oxidant amplification loop ameliorates the anemia of experimental renal failure by increasing RBC survival.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The anemia of CKD is multifactorial, and the current treatment based primarily on stimulating bone marrow production of RBCs with erythropoietin or erythropoietin analogs is unsatisfactory. In a murine model of CKD that is complicated by anemia, blockade of Na-K-ATPase signaling with a specific peptide (pNaKtide) ameliorated the anemia primarily by increasing RBC survival. Should these results be confirmed in patients, this strategy may allow for novel and potentially additive strategies to treat the anemia of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Muhammad Chaudhry
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Fang Bai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Justin Chuang
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Hibba Chaudhry
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Ala-Eddin Yassin Al-Astal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Ying Nie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Vincent Sollars
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Komal Sodhi
- Department of Surgery, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Paul Seligman
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
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23
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Miao C, Zhu X, Wei X, Long M, Jiang L, Li C, Jin D, Du Y. Pro- and anti-fibrotic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor in chronic kidney diseases. Ren Fail 2022; 44:881-892. [PMID: 35618410 PMCID: PMC9154791 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2079528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the inevitable common end-point of all progressive chronic kidney diseases. The underlying mechanisms of renal fibrosis are complex, and currently there is no effective therapy against renal fibrosis. Renal microvascular rarefaction contributes to the progression of renal fibrosis; however, an imbalance between proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors leads to the loss of renal microvasculature. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most important pro-angiogenic factor. Recent studies have unraveled the involvement of VEGF in the regulation of renal microvascular rarefaction and fibrosis via various mechanisms; however, it is not clear whether it has anti-fibrotic or pro-fibrotic effect. This paper reviews the available evidence pertaining to the function of VEGF in the fibrotic process and explores the associated underlying mechanisms. Our synthesis will help identify the future research priorities for developing specialized treatments for alleviating or preventing renal fibrosis. Abbreviation: VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; CKD: chronic kidney disease; ESKD: end-stage kidney disease; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; VEGFR: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; AKI: acute kidney injury; EMT: epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; HIF: hypoxia-inducible factor; α-SMA: α smooth muscle actin; UUO: unilateral ureteral obstruction; TGF-β: transforming growth factor-β; PMT: pericyte-myofibroblast transition; NO: nitric oxide; NOS: nitric oxide synthase; nNOS: neuronal nitric oxide synthase; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase; sGC: soluble guanylate cyclase; PKG: soluble guanylate cyclase dependent protein kinases; UP R: unfolded protein response
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxiu Miao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengtuan Long
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhao Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Die Jin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Du
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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24
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Yang J, Liu Z. Mechanistic Pathogenesis of Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetic Nephropathy and Retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:816400. [PMID: 35692405 PMCID: PMC9174994 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.816400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are microvascular complications of diabetes. Microvascular endothelial cells are thought to be the major targets of hyperglycemic injury. In diabetic microvasculature, the intracellular hyperglycemia causes damages to the vascular endothelium, via multiple pathophysiological process consist of inflammation, endothelial cell crosstalk with podocytes/pericytes and exosomes. In addition, DN and DR diseases development are involved in several critical regulators including the cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and the Notch signal. The present review attempts to gain a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis complexities underlying the endothelial dysfunction in diabetes diabetic and retinopathy, contributing to the development of new mechanistic therapeutic strategies against diabetes-induced microvascular endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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25
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Yu P, Duan Z, Liu S, Pachon I, Ma J, Hemstreet GP, Zhang Y. Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity Assessment in 3D Cellular Models. MICROMACHINES 2021; 13:mi13010003. [PMID: 35056167 PMCID: PMC8780064 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The kidneys are often involved in adverse effects and toxicity caused by exposure to foreign compounds, chemicals, and drugs. Early predictions of these influences are essential to facilitate new, safe drugs to enter the market. However, in current drug treatments, drug-induced nephrotoxicity accounts for 1/4 of reported serious adverse reactions, and 1/3 of them are attributable to antibiotics. Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is driven by multiple mechanisms, including altered glomerular hemodynamics, renal tubular cytotoxicity, inflammation, crystal nephropathy, and thrombotic microangiopathy. Although the functional proteins expressed by renal tubules that mediate drug sensitivity are well known, current in vitro 2D cell models do not faithfully replicate the morphology and intact renal tubule function, and therefore, they do not replicate in vivo nephrotoxicity. The kidney is delicate and complex, consisting of a filter unit and a tubular part, which together contain more than 20 different cell types. The tubular epithelium is highly polarized, and maintaining cellular polarity is essential for the optimal function and response to environmental signals. Cell polarity depends on the communication between cells, including paracrine and autocrine signals, as well as biomechanical and chemotaxis processes. These processes affect kidney cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. For drug disposal research, the microenvironment is essential for predicting toxic reactions. This article reviews the mechanism of drug-induced kidney injury, the types of nephrotoxicity models (in vivo and in vitro models), and the research progress related to drug-induced nephrotoxicity in three-dimensional (3D) cellular culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yu
- Difficult & Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Fourth Department of Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (P.Y.); (Z.D.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhongping Duan
- Difficult & Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Fourth Department of Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (P.Y.); (Z.D.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Difficult & Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Fourth Department of Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (P.Y.); (Z.D.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ivan Pachon
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Jianxing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | | | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-336-713-1189
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Nagao RJ, Marcu R, Shin YJ, Lih D, Xue J, Arang N, Wei L, Akilesh S, Kaushansky A, Himmelfarb J, Zheng Y. Cyclosporine Induces Fenestra-Associated Injury in Human Renal Microvessels In Vitro. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 8:196-207. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Nagao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Raluca Marcu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Yu Jung Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Daniel Lih
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Jun Xue
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Nadia Arang
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101, United States
| | - Ling Wei
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101, United States
| | - Shreeram Akilesh
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alexis Kaushansky
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jonathan Himmelfarb
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
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27
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Li B, Leung JC, Chan LY, Li HY, Yiu WH, Lok SW, Xue R, Zou YX, Chen W, Lai KN, Tang SC. Tubule-specific deletion of LincRNA-p21 ameliorates lipotoxic kidney injury. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:1280-1290. [PMID: 34853727 PMCID: PMC8609107 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipotoxicity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity-related kidney damage and propagates chronic kidney injury like diabetic kidney disease; however, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. To date, reduction of lipid acquisition and enhancement of lipid metabolism are the major, albeit non-specific, approaches to improve lipotoxic kidney damage. In the kidneys of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and tubule cells cultured with palmitic acid (PA), we observed a dramatic upregulation of the long intergenic non-coding RNA-p21 (LincRNA-p21) through a p53-dependent mechanism. Kidney tubule cell-specific deletion of LincRNA-p21 attenuated oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to reduction of histological and functional kidney injury despite persistent obesity and hyperlipidemia. Mechanistically, HFD- or PA-initiated lipotoxicity suppressed the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)/murine double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) signaling cascade to activate p53 and enhance the transcriptional activity of LincRNA-p21. Collectively, our findings suggest that the p53/LincRNA-p21 axis is the downstream effector in lipotoxic kidney injury and that targeting this axis particularly in the kidney tubule could be a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Joseph C.K. Leung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Loretta Y.Y. Chan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wai-Han Yiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sarah W.Y. Lok
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xue
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Xin Zou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kar-Neng Lai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sydney C.W. Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding author: Sydney C.W. Tang, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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Awazu M. Structural and functional changes in the kidney caused by adverse fetal and neonatal environments. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:2335-2344. [PMID: 34817775 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06967-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Health and disease risk in the adulthood are known to be affected by the early developmental environment. Kidney diseases are one of these diseases, and kidneys are altered both structurally and functionally by adverse pre- and perinatal events. The most known structural change is low nephron number seen in subjects born low birth weight and/or preterm. In various animal models of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), one of the causes of low birth weight, the mechanism of low nephron number was investigated. While apoptosis of metanephric mesenchyme has been suggested to be the cause, I showed that suppression of ureteric branching, global DNA methylation, and caspase-3 activity also contributes to the mechanism. Other structural changes caused by adverse fetal and neonatal environments include peritubular and glomerular capillary rarefaction and low podocyte endowment. These are aggravated by postnatal development of focal glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis that result from low nephron number. Functional changes can be seen in tubules, endothelium, renin-angiotensin system, sympathetic nervous system, oxidative stress, and others. As an example, I reported that aggravated nitrosative stress in a rat IUGR model resulted in more severe tubular necrosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis after unilateral ureteral obstruction. The mechanism of various functional changes needs to be clarified but may be explained by epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Awazu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Ohtsuka Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
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29
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Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Xie J, Qi C, Li S, Wang Y, Him YH, Chen Z, Zhang S, Li Q, Zhu Y, Li R, Liang X, Bai X, Wang W. Modified arteriosclerosis score predicts the outcomes of diabetic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:281. [PMID: 34407751 PMCID: PMC8375127 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significance of renal arteriosclerosis in the prediction of the renal outcomes of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains undetermined. METHODS We enrolled 174 patients with DKD from three centres from January 2010 to July 2017. The severity and extent of arteriosclerosis were analysed on sections based on dual immunohistochemical staining of CD31 and α-smooth muscle actin. An X-tile plot was used to determine the optimal cut-off value. The primary endpoint was renal survival (RS), defined as the duration from renal biopsy to end-stage renal disease or death. RESULTS The baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 135 qualified patients was 45 (29 ~ 70) ml/min per 1.73 m2, and the average 24-h urine protein was 4.52 (2.45 ~ 7.66) g/24 h. The number of glomeruli in the biopsy specimens was 21.07 ± 9.7. The proportion of severe arteriosclerosis in the kidney positively correlated with the Renal Pathology Society glomerular classification (r = 0.28, P < 0.012), interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) (r = 0.39, P < 0.001), urine protein (r = 0.213, P = 0.013), systolic BP (r = 0.305, P = 0.000), and age (r = 0.220, P = 0.010) and significantly negatively correlated with baseline eGFR (r = - 0.285, P = 0.001). In the multivariable model, the primary outcomes were significantly correlated with glomerular class (HR: 1.72, CI: 1.15 ~ 2.57), IFTA (HR: 1.96, CI: 1.26 ~ 3.06) and the modified arteriosclerosis score (HR: 2.21, CI: 1.18 ~ 4.13). After risk adjustment, RS was independently associated with the baseline eGFR (HR: 0.97, CI: 0.96 ~ 0.98), urine proteinuria (HR: 1.10, CI: 1.04 ~ 1.17) and the modified arteriosclerosis score (HR: 2.01, CI: 1.10 ~ 3.67), and the nomogram exhibited good calibration and acceptable discrimination (C-index = 0.82, CI: 0.75 ~ 0.87). CONCLUSIONS The severity and proportion of arteriosclerosis may be helpful prognostic indicators for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Main Building, Room 1436, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Division of Nephrology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Qifeng Jiang
- Division of Renal Pathology, Guangzhou KingMed Diagnostic Laboratory LTD, Guangzhou, 510320, China
| | - Jianteng Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Main Building, Room 1436, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chunfang Qi
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Main Building, Room 1436, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Main Building, Room 1436, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Main Building, Room 1436, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Division of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yau Hok Him
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Main Building, Room 1436, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zujiao Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Main Building, Room 1436, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaogui Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Main Building, Room 1436, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuling Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Main Building, Room 1436, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Ruizhao Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Main Building, Room 1436, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinling Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Main Building, Room 1436, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Bai
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Main Building, Room 1436, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenjian Wang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Main Building, Room 1436, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
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30
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Wewers TM, Schulz A, Nolte I, Pavenstädt H, Brand M, Di Marco GS. Circulating Soluble Fms-like Tyrosine Kinase in Renal Diseases Other than Preeclampsia. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1853-1863. [PMID: 34155060 PMCID: PMC8455271 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1/sVEGFR1) is a naturally occurring antagonist of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Despite being a secreted, soluble protein lacking cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains, sFlt-1 can act locally and be protective against excessive microenvironmental VEGF concentration or exert autocrine functions independently of VEGF. Circulating sFlt-1 may indiscriminately affect endothelial function and the microvasculature of distant target organs. The clinical significance of excess sFlt-1 in kidney disease was first shown in preeclampsia, a major renal complication of pregnancy. However, circulating sFlt-1 levels appear to be increased in various diseases with varying degrees of renal impairment. Relevant clinical associations between circulating sFlt-1 and severe outcomes (e.g., endothelial dysfunction, renal impairment, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality) have been observed in patients with CKD and after kidney transplantation. However, sFlt-1 appears to be protective against renal dysfunction-associated aggravation of atherosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, in this study, we provide an update on sFlt-1 in several kidney diseases other than preeclampsia, discuss clinical findings and experimental studies, and briefly consider its use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M. Wewers
- Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany,Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annika Schulz
- Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Marcus Brand
- Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Giovana S. Di Marco
- Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany,Correspondence: Giovana S. Di Marco, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A14, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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31
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Nakano D, Kitada K. [Protective role of SGLT2 inhibition against the kidney disease]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2021; 156:157-160. [PMID: 33952844 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.21005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Physiologically, urine from the subject with normal kidney function does not contain detectable level of glucose unless otherwise renal glycosuria. Sodium glucose transporter (SGLT) families in proximal tubules of the kidney play detrimental role to reabsorb the filtered glucose. Recently, the inhibitors for the SGLT2 are available for clinical use for purposing the urinary glucose excretion and lowering blood glucose level. Unexpectedly, the SGLT2 inhibitors have become famous for its cardio-renal protective effects with unknown mechanism. We have so far explored how its inhibition changes cell fate, how the drug affects glucose uptake in non-diabetic kidney, and if the drug suppresses the development of fibrosis. In this review, we will summarize our findings and provide the remaining questions.
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32
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Thomson RB, Dynia DW, Burlein S, Thomson BR, Booth CJ, Knauf F, Wang T, Aronson PS. Deletion of Cdh16 Ksp-cadherin leads to a developmental delay in the ability to maximally concentrate urine in mouse. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F1106-F1122. [PMID: 33938239 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00556.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ksp-cadherin (cadherin-16) is an atypical member of the cadherin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules that is ubiquitously expressed on the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells lining the nephron and the collecting system of the mammalian kidney. The principal aim of the present study was to determine if Ksp-cadherin played a critical role in the development and maintenance of the adult mammalian kidney by generating and evaluating a mouse line deficient in Ksp-cadherin. Ksp-null mutant animals were viable and fertile, and kidneys from both neonates and adults showed no evidence of structural abnormalities. Immunolocalization and Western blot analyses of Na+-K+-ATPase and E-cadherin indicated that Ksp-cadherin is not essential for either the genesis or maintenance of the polarized tubular epithelial phenotype. Moreover, E-cadherin expression was not altered to compensate for Ksp-cadherin loss. Plasma electrolytes, total CO2, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels were also unaffected by Ksp-cadherin deficiency. However, a subtle but significant developmental delay in the ability to maximally concentrate urine was detected in Ksp-null mice. Expression analysis of the principal proteins involved in the generation of the corticomedullary osmotic gradient and the resultant movement of water identified misexpression of aquaporin-2 in the inner medullary collecting duct as the possible cause for the inability of young adult Ksp-cadherin-deficient animals to maximally concentrate their urine. In conclusion, Ksp-cadherin is not required for normal kidney development, but its absence leads to a developmental delay in maximal urinary concentrating ability.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ksp-cadherin (cadherin-16) is an atypical member of the cadherin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules that is ubiquitously expressed on the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells lining the nephron and the collecting system. Using knockout mice, we found that Ksp-cadherin is in fact not required for kidney development despite its high and specific expression along the nephron. However, its absence leads to a developmental delay in maximal urinary concentrating ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Thomson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - D W Dynia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - S Burlein
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - B R Thomson
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - C J Booth
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - F Knauf
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - P S Aronson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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33
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Wei Y, Gao X, Li A, Liang M, Jiang Z. Single-Nucleus Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Important Cell Cross-Talk in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:657956. [PMID: 33968963 PMCID: PMC8097156 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.657956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) leads to the loss of renal function and cell cross-talk is one of the crucial mechanisms participating in the pathogenesis of DKD. However, the mechanisms of cell communication were not fully elucidated in previous studies. In this study, we performed cell cross-talk analysis using CellPhoneDB based on a single-nucleus transcriptomic dataset (GSE131882) and revealed the associations between cell communication-related genes and renal function, providing overall insight into cell communication in DKD. In addition, this study may facilitate the discovery of novel mechanisms, promising biomarkers, and therapeutic targets that are clinically beneficial to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aihua Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengjun Liang
- Department of Nephrology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongpei Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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34
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Millet-Boureima C, He S, Le TBU, Gamberi C. Modeling Neoplastic Growth in Renal Cell Carcinoma and Polycystic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3918. [PMID: 33920158 PMCID: PMC8070407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) share several characteristics, including neoplastic cell growth, kidney cysts, and limited therapeutics. As well, both exhibit impaired vasculature and compensatory VEGF activation of angiogenesis. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Ras/Raf/ERK pathways play important roles in regulating cystic and tumor cell proliferation and growth. Both RCC and ADPKD result in hypoxia, where HIF-α signaling is activated in response to oxygen deprivation. Primary cilia and altered cell metabolism may play a role in disease progression. Non-coding RNAs may regulate RCC carcinogenesis and ADPKD through their varied effects. Drosophila exhibits remarkable conservation of the pathways involved in RCC and ADPKD. Here, we review the progress towards understanding disease mechanisms, partially overlapping cellular and molecular dysfunctions in RCC and ADPKD and reflect on the potential for the agile Drosophila genetic model to accelerate discovery science, address unresolved mechanistic aspects of these diseases, and perform rapid pharmacological screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Millet-Boureima
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (C.M.-B.); (S.H.); (T.B.U.L.)
| | - Stephanie He
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (C.M.-B.); (S.H.); (T.B.U.L.)
| | - Thi Bich Uyen Le
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (C.M.-B.); (S.H.); (T.B.U.L.)
- Haematology-Oncology Research Group, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Chiara Gamberi
- Department of Biology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC 29528-6054, USA
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35
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The Endothelial Glycocalyx as a Target of Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Kidney Transplantation-Where Have We Gone So Far? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042157. [PMID: 33671524 PMCID: PMC7926299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The damage of the endothelial glycocalyx as a consequence of ischemia and/or reperfusion injury (IRI) following kidney transplantation has come at the spotlight of research due to potential associations with delayed graft function, acute rejection as well as long-term allograft dysfunction. The disintegration of the endothelial glycocalyx induced by IRI is the crucial event which exposes the denuded endothelial cells to further inflammatory and oxidative damage. The aim of our review is to present the currently available data regarding complex links between shedding of the glycocalyx components, like syndecan-1, hyaluronan, heparan sulphate, and CD44 with the activation of intricate immune system responses, including toll-like receptors, cytokines and pro-inflammatory transcription factors. Evidence on modes of protection of the endothelial glycocalyx and subsequently maintenance of endothelial permeability as well as novel nephroprotective molecules such as sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P), are also depicted. Although advances in technology are making the visualization and the analysis of the endothelial glycocalyx possible, currently available evidence is mostly experimental. Ongoing progress in understanding the complex impact of IRI on the endothelial glycocalyx, opens up a new era of research in the field of organ transplantation and clinical studies are of utmost importance for the future.
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36
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Liu L, Ma F, Hao Y, Yi Z, Yu X, Xu B, Wei C, Hu J. Integrative Informatics Analysis of Transcriptome and Identification of Interacted Genes in the Glomeruli and Tubules in CKD. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:615306. [PMID: 33644086 PMCID: PMC7906987 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.615306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex disease in which the renal function is compromised chronically. Many studies have indicated the crosstalk between the tubule and the glomerulus in CKD progression. However, our understanding of the interaction of tubular and glomerular injury remains incomplete. In this study, we applied a meta-analysis approach on the transcriptome of the tubules and glomeruli of CKD patients to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) signature. Functional analysis of pathways and Gene Ontology found that tubular DEGs were mainly involved in cell assembly and remodeling, glomerular DEGs in cell proliferation and apoptosis, and overlapping DEGs mainly in immune response. Correlation analysis was performed to identify the associated DEGs in the tubules and glomeruli. Secreted protein comparison and verification experiments indicated that WFDC2 from the tubule could downregulate PEX19 mRNA and protein levels at the glomeruli in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). This study revealed the distinctive pathways of the tubules and glomeruli and identified interacted genes during CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Liu
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Fuzhe Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Zhengzi Yi
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xiaoxia Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Chengguo Wei
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jinghai Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
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Chen XJ, Kim SR, Jiang K, Ferguson CM, Tang H, Zhu XY, Lerman A, Eirin A, Lerman LO. Renovascular Disease Induces Senescence in Renal Scattered Tubular-Like Cells and Impairs Their Reparative Potency. Hypertension 2021; 77:507-518. [PMID: 33390051 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Scattered tubular-like cells (STCs), dedifferentiated renal tubular epithelial cells, contribute to renal self-healing, but severe injury might blunt their effectiveness. We hypothesized that ischemic renovascular disease (RVD) induces senescence in STC and impairs their reparative potency. CD24+/CD133+ STCs were isolated from swine kidneys after 16 weeks of RVD or healthy controls. To test their reparative capabilities in injured kidneys, control or RVD-STC (5×105) were prelabeled and injected into the aorta of 2 kidneys, 1-clip (2k,1c) mice 2 weeks after surgery. Murine renal function and oxygenation were studied in vivo 2 weeks after injection using micro-magnetic resonance imaging, and fibrosis, tubulointerstitial injury, capillary density, and expression of profibrotic and inflammatory genes ex vivo. STC isolated from swine RVD kidneys showed increased gene expression of senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype markers and positive SA-β-gal staining. Delivery of normal pig STCs in 2k,1c mice improved murine renal perfusion, blood flow, and glomerular filtration rate, and downregulated profibrotic and inflammatory gene expression. These renoprotective effects were blunted using STC harvested from RVD kidneys, which also failed to attenuate hypoxia, fibrosis, tubular injury, and capillary loss in injured mouse 2k,1c kidneys. Hence, RVD may induce senescence in endogenous STC and impair their reparative capacity. These observations implicate cellular senescence in the pathophysiology of ischemic kidney disease and support senolytic therapy to permit self-healing of senescent kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Chen
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (X.-J.C., S.R.K., K.J., C.M.F., H.T., X.-Y.Z., A.E., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (X.-J.C.)
| | - Seo Rin Kim
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (X.-J.C., S.R.K., K.J., C.M.F., H.T., X.-Y.Z., A.E., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Division of Nephrology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Korea (S.R.K.)
| | - Kai Jiang
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (X.-J.C., S.R.K., K.J., C.M.F., H.T., X.-Y.Z., A.E., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Christopher M Ferguson
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (X.-J.C., S.R.K., K.J., C.M.F., H.T., X.-Y.Z., A.E., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Hui Tang
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (X.-J.C., S.R.K., K.J., C.M.F., H.T., X.-Y.Z., A.E., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (X.-J.C., S.R.K., K.J., C.M.F., H.T., X.-Y.Z., A.E., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (X.-J.C., S.R.K., K.J., C.M.F., H.T., X.-Y.Z., A.E., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (X.-J.C., S.R.K., K.J., C.M.F., H.T., X.-Y.Z., A.E., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Abstract
Complex multicellular life in mammals relies on functional cooperation of different organs for the survival of the whole organism. The kidneys play a critical part in this process through the maintenance of fluid volume and composition homeostasis, which enables other organs to fulfil their tasks. The renal endothelium exhibits phenotypic and molecular traits that distinguish it from endothelia of other organs. Moreover, the adult kidney vasculature comprises diverse populations of mostly quiescent, but not metabolically inactive, endothelial cells (ECs) that reside within the kidney glomeruli, cortex and medulla. Each of these populations supports specific functions, for example, in the filtration of blood plasma, the reabsorption and secretion of water and solutes, and the concentration of urine. Transcriptional profiling of these diverse EC populations suggests they have adapted to local microenvironmental conditions (hypoxia, shear stress, hyperosmolarity), enabling them to support kidney functions. Exposure of ECs to microenvironment-derived angiogenic factors affects their metabolism, and sustains kidney development and homeostasis, whereas EC-derived angiocrine factors preserve distinct microenvironment niches. In the context of kidney disease, renal ECs show alteration in their metabolism and phenotype in response to pathological changes in the local microenvironment, further promoting kidney dysfunction. Understanding the diversity and specialization of kidney ECs could provide new avenues for the treatment of kidney diseases and kidney regeneration.
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39
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Zhang S, Cao M, Hou Z, Gu X, Chen Y, Chen L, Luo Y, Chen L, Liu D, Zhou H, Zhu K, Wang Z, Zhang X, Zhu X, Cui Y, Li H, Guo H, Zhang T. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have adverse effects in anti-angiogenesis therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2020; 501:147-161. [PMID: 33383154 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
At present, anti-angiogenic drugs (AADs) are widely used in the systemic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or other types of cancer, and have achieved good anti-cancer effect, whereas treatment-related proteinuria can affect the routine use of AADs, which in turn abates the overall efficacy. Currently, most clinicians prescribe angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) to alleviate proteinuria according to diabetic nephropathy guidelines or expert recommendations. However, the efficacy of ACEIs in reducing AAD-related proteinuria and its effect on the anticancer effect of AADs is unknown. Our clinical data showed that some HCC patients experienced tumor progression by ACEIs administration for the treatment of proteinuria caused by AADs. Here, we confirmed that in different tumor-bearing mouse models, ACEIs did not delay the appearance of proteinuria or alleviate proteinuria caused by AADs but compromised the anticancer efficacy of AADs. This effect is unrelated to the change in the VEGF signaling pathway. Our data showed that the combination of ACEIs and AADs flared the production of kidney-derived erythropoietin (EPO). In turn, EPO compromises the anti-angiogenic effects of AADs and decreases antitumor activity. In conclusion, for the treatment of proteinuria caused by AADs, ACEIs have no efficacy while also promoting AADs resistance. This finding is of great significance to guide clinical standardized management of side effects of anti-angiogenic therapy for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Manqing Cao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenyu Hou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying Gu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongzi Chen
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongming Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyuan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Keyun Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xihao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunlong Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Huikai Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.
| | - Ti Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.
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Peritubular Capillary Rarefaction: An Underappreciated Regulator of CKD Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218255. [PMID: 33158122 PMCID: PMC7662781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritubular capillary (PTC) rarefaction is commonly detected in chronic kidney disease (CKD) such as hypertensive nephrosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy. Moreover, PTC rarefaction prominently correlates with impaired kidney function and predicts the future development of end-stage renal disease in patients with CKD. However, it is still underappreciated that PTC rarefaction is a pivotal regulator of CKD progression, primarily because the molecular mechanisms of PTC rarefaction have not been well-elucidated. In addition to the established mechanisms (reduced proangiogenic factors and increased anti-angiogenic factors), recent studies discovered significant contribution of the following elements to PTC loss: (1) prompt susceptibility of PTC to injury, (2) impaired proliferation of PTC, (3) apoptosis/senescence of PTC, and (4) pericyte detachment from PTC. Mainly based on the recent and novel findings in basic research and clinical study, this review describes the roles of the above-mentioned elements in PTC loss and focuses on the major factors regulating PTC angiogenesis, the assessment of PTC rarefaction and its surrogate markers, and an overview of the possible therapeutic agents to mitigate PTC rarefaction during CKD progression. PTC rarefaction is not only a prominent histological characteristic of CKD but also a central driving force of CKD progression.
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41
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Augmented efficacy of exogenous extracellular vesicles targeted to injured kidneys. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:199. [PMID: 32929058 PMCID: PMC7490711 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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42
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Stanciu GD, Ababei DC, Bild V, Bild W, Paduraru L, Gutu MM, Tamba BI. Renal Contributions in the Pathophysiology and Neuropathological Substrates Shared by Chronic Kidney Disease and Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10080563. [PMID: 32824404 PMCID: PMC7464898 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10080563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease and Alzheimer’s disease are chronic conditions highly prevalent in elderly communities and societies, and a diagnosis of them is devastating and life changing. Demanding therapies and changes, such as non-compliance, cognitive impairment, and non-cognitive anomalies, may lead to supplementary symptoms and subsequent worsening of well-being and quality of life, impacting the socio-economic status of both patient and family. In recent decades, additional hypotheses have attempted to clarify the connection between these two diseases, multifactorial in their nature, but even so, the mechanisms behind this link are still elusive. In this paper, we sought to highlight the current understanding of the mechanisms for cognitive decline in patients with these concurrent pathologies and provide insight into the relationship between markers related to these disease entities and whether the potential biomarkers for renal function may be used for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Exploring detailed knowledge of etiologies, heterogeneity of risk factors, and neuropathological processes associated with these conditions opens opportunities for the development of new therapies and biomarkers to delay or slow their progression and validation of whether the setting of chronic kidney disease could be a potential determinant for cognitive damage in Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Dumitrita Stanciu
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.D.S.); (B.-I.T.)
| | - Daniela Carmen Ababei
- Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence: (D.C.A.); (L.P.)
| | - Veronica Bild
- Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Walther Bild
- Department of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Luminita Paduraru
- Department Mother & Child Care, Division Neonatology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.C.A.); (L.P.)
| | - Mihai Marius Gutu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Bogdan-Ionel Tamba
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.D.S.); (B.-I.T.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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43
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Pleniceanu O, Harari-Steinberg O, Omer D, Gnatek Y, Lachmi BE, Cohen-Zontag O, Manevitz-Mendelson E, Barzilai A, Yampolsky M, Fuchs Y, Rosenzweig B, Eisner A, Dotan Z, Fine LG, Dekel B, Greenberger S. Successful Introduction of Human Renovascular Units into the Mammalian Kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:2757-2772. [PMID: 32753400 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019050508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-based therapies aimed at replenishing renal parenchyma have been proposed as an approach for treating CKD. However, pathogenic mechanisms involved in CKD such as renal hypoxia result in loss of kidney function and limit engraftment and therapeutic effects of renal epithelial progenitors. Jointly administering vessel-forming cells (human mesenchymal stromal cells [MSCs] and endothelial colony-forming cells [ECFCs]) may potentially result in in vivo formation of vascular networks. METHODS We administered renal tubule-forming cells derived from human adult and fetal kidneys (previously shown to exert a functional effect in CKD mice) into mice, alongside MSCs and ECFCs. We then assessed whether this would result in generation of "renovascular units" comprising both vessels and tubules with potential interaction. RESULTS Directly injecting vessel-forming cells and renal tubule-forming cells into the subcutaneous and subrenal capsular space resulted in self-organization of donor-derived vascular networks that connected to host vasculature, alongside renal tubules comprising tubular epithelia of different nephron segments. Vessels derived from MSCs and ECFCs augmented in vivo tubulogenesis by the renal tubule-forming cells. In vitro coculture experiments showed that MSCs and ECFCs induced self-renewal and genes associated with mesenchymal-epithelial transition in renal tubule-forming cells, indicating paracrine effects. Notably, after renal injury, renal tubule-forming cells and vessel-forming cells infused into the renal artery did not penetrate the renal vascular network to generate vessels; only administering them into the kidney parenchyma resulted in similar generation of human renovascular units in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Combined cell therapy of vessel-forming cells and renal tubule-forming cells aimed at alleviating renal hypoxia and enhancing tubulogenesis holds promise as the basis for new renal regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Pleniceanu
- The Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute and Pediatric Nephrology Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Harari-Steinberg
- The Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute and Pediatric Nephrology Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Dorit Omer
- The Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute and Pediatric Nephrology Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yehudit Gnatek
- The Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute and Pediatric Nephrology Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Bat-El Lachmi
- The Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute and Pediatric Nephrology Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Osnat Cohen-Zontag
- The Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute and Pediatric Nephrology Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Aviv Barzilai
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Matan Yampolsky
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Barak Rosenzweig
- Department of Urology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Alon Eisner
- Department of Urology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Zohar Dotan
- Department of Urology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Leon G Fine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Benjamin Dekel
- The Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute and Pediatric Nephrology Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shoshana Greenberger
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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44
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Zhang CY, He FF, Su H, Zhang C, Meng XF. Association between chronic kidney disease and Alzheimer's disease: an update. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:883-894. [PMID: 32246323 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00561-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been accepted that kidney function is connected with brain activity. In clinical studies, chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have been found to be prone to suffering cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The cognitive function of CKD patients may improve after kidney transplantation. All these indicators show a possible link between kidney function and dementia. However, little is known about the mechanism behind the relation of CKD and AD. This review discusses the associations between CKD and AD from the perspective of the pathophysiology of the kidney and complications and/or concomitants of CKD that may lead to cognitive decline in the progression of CKD and AD. Potential preventive and therapeutic strategies for AD are also presented. Further studies are warranted in order to confirm whether the setting of CKD is a possible new determinant for cognitive impairment in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fang-Fang He
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xian-Fang Meng
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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45
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Ullah MM, Basile DP. Role of Renal Hypoxia in the Progression From Acute Kidney Injury to Chronic Kidney Disease. Semin Nephrol 2020; 39:567-580. [PMID: 31836039 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, there has been an increased appreciation of the long-term sequelae of acute kidney injury (AKI) and the potential development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several pathophysiologic features have been proposed to mediate AKI to CKD progression including maladaptive alterations in tubular, interstitial, inflammatory, and vascular cells. These alterations likely interact to culminate in the progression to CKD. In this article we focus primarily on evidence of vascular rarefaction secondary to AKI, and the potential mechanisms by which rarefaction occurs in relation to other alterations in tubular and interstitial compartments. We further focus on the potential that rarefaction contributes to renal hypoxia. Consideration of the role of hypoxia in AKI to CKD transition focuses on experimental evidence of persistent renal hypoxia after AKI and experimental maneuvers to evaluate the influence of hypoxia, per se, in progressive disease. Finally, consideration of methods to evaluate hypoxia in patients is provided with the suggestion that noninvasive measurement of renal hypoxia may provide insight into progression in post-AKI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbub Ullah
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - David P Basile
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN.
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46
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Role of the renin-angiotensin system in kidney development and programming of adult blood pressure. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:641-656. [PMID: 32219345 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adverse events during fetal life such as insufficient protein intake or elevated transfer of glucocorticoid to the fetus may impact cardiovascular and metabolic health later in adult life and are associated with increased incidence of type 2 diabetes, ischemic heart disease and hypertension. Several adverse factors converge and suppress the fetal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). The aim of this review is to summarize data on the significance of RAAS for kidney development and adult hypertension. Genetic inactivation of RAAS in rodents at any step from angiotensinogen to angiotensin II (ANGII) type 1 receptor (AT1) receptors or pharmacologic inhibition leads to complex developmental injury to the kidneys that has also been observed in human case reports. Deletion of the 'protective' arm of RAAS, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 2 (ACE-2) and G-protein coupled receptor for Angiotensin 1-7 (Mas) receptor does not reproduce the AT1 phenotype. The changes comprise fewer glomeruli, thinner cortex, dilated tubules, thicker arterioles and arteries, lack of vascular bundles, papillary atrophy, shorter capillary length and volume in cortex and medulla. Altered activity of systemic and local regulators of fetal-perinatal RAAS such as vitamin D and cyclooxygenase (COX)/prostaglandins are associated with similar injuries. ANGII-AT1 interaction drives podocyte and epithelial cell formation of vascular growth factors, notably vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietins (Angpts), which support late stages of glomerular and cortical capillary growth and medullary vascular bundle formation and patterning. RAAS-induced injury is associated with lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), lower renal plasma flow, kidney fibrosis, up-regulation of sodium transporters, impaired sodium excretion and salt-sensitive hypertension. The renal component and salt sensitivity of programmed hypertension may impact dietary counseling and choice of pharmacological intervention to treat hypertension.
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47
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Genetic Deletion of Vasohibin-2 Exacerbates Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124545. [PMID: 32604722 PMCID: PMC7352238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been increasingly recognized as a risk factor for transition to chronic kidney disease. Recent evidence suggests that endothelial damage in peritubular capillaries can accelerate the progression of renal injury. Vasohibin-2 (VASH2) is a novel proangiogenic factor that promotes tumor angiogenesis. However, the pathophysiological roles of VASH2 in kidney diseases remain unknown. In the present study, we examined the effects of VASH2 deficiency on the progression of ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury-induced AKI. I/R injury was induced by bilaterally clamping renal pedicles for 25 min in male wild-type (WT) and Vash2 homozygous knockout mice. Twenty-four hours later, I/R injury-induced renal dysfunction and tubular damage were more severe in VASH2-deficient mice than in WT mice, with more prominent neutrophil infiltration and peritubular capillary loss. After induction of I/R injury, VASH2 expression was markedly increased in injured renal tubules. These results suggest that VASH2 expression in renal tubular epithelial cells might be essential for alleviating I/R injury-induced AKI, probably through protecting peritubular capillaries and preventing inflammatory infiltration.
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48
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW FOXOs are transcription factors that regulate downstream target genes to counteract to cell stress. Here we review the function and regulation of FOXO transcription factors, the mechanism of FOXO3 activation in the kidney, and the role of FOXO3 in delaying the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). RECENT FINDINGS Progressive renal hypoxia from vascular dropout and metabolic perturbation is a pathogenic factor for the initiation and development of CKD. Hypoxia and low levels of α-ketoglutarate generated from the TCA cycle inhibit prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD)-mediated prolyl hydroxylation of FoxO3, thus reducing FoxO3 protein degradation via the ubiquitin proteasomal pathway, similar to HIF stabilization under hypoxic conditions. FoxO3 accumulation and nuclear translocation activate two key cellular defense mechanisms, autophagy and antioxidative response in renal tubular cells, to reduce cell injury and promote cell survival. FoxO3 directly activates the expression of Atg proteins, which replenishes core components of the autophagic machinery to allow sustained autophagy in the chronically hypoxic kidney. FoxO3 protects mitochondria by stimulating the expression of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), as tubular deletion of FoxO3 in mice results in reduced SOD2 levels and profound mitochondrial damage. SUMMARY Knowledge gained from animal studies may help understand the function of stress responsive transcription factors that could be targeted to prevent or treat CKD.
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49
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Perretta-Tejedor N, Jafree DJ, Long DA. Endothelial-epithelial communication in polycystic kidney disease: Role of vascular endothelial growth factor signalling. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109624. [PMID: 32243961 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Whereas targeting the cyst epithelium and its molecular machinery has been the prevailing clinical strategy for polycystic kidney disease, the endothelium, including blood vasculature and lymphatics, is emerging as an important player in this disorder. In this Review, we provide an overview of the structural and functional alterations to blood vasculature and lymphatic vessels in the polycystic kidney. We also discuss evidence for vascular endothelial growth factor signalling, otherwise critical for endothelial cell development and maintenance, as being a fundamental molecular pathway in polycystic kidney disease and a potential therapeutic target for modulating cyst expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Perretta-Tejedor
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Daniyal J Jafree
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; UCL MB/PhD Programme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - David A Long
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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50
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Polichnowski AJ, Griffin KA, Licea-Vargas H, Lan R, Picken MM, Long J, Williamson GA, Rosenberger C, Mathia S, Venkatachalam MA, Bidani AK. Pathophysiology of unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury: importance of renal counterbalance and implications for the AKI-CKD transition. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F1086-F1099. [PMID: 32174143 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00590.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Unilateral ischemia-reperfusion (UIR) injury leads to progressive renal atrophy and tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) and is commonly used to investigate the pathogenesis of the acute kidney injury-chronic kidney disease transition. Although it is well known that contralateral nephrectomy (CNX), even 2 wk post-UIR injury, can improve recovery, the physiological mechanisms and tubular signaling pathways mediating such improved recovery remain poorly defined. Here, we examined the renal hemodynamic and tubular signaling pathways associated with UIR injury and its reversal by CNX. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent left UIR or sham UIR and 2 wk later CNX or sham CNX. Blood pressure, left renal blood flow (RBF), and total glomerular filtration rate were assessed in conscious rats for 3 days before and over 2 wk after CNX or sham CNX. In the presence of a contralateral uninjured kidney, left RBF was lower (P < 0.05) from 2 to 4 wk following UIR (3.6 ± 0.3 mL/min) versus sham UIR (9.6 ± 0.3 mL/min). Without CNX, extensive renal atrophy, TIF, and tubule dedifferentiation, but minimal pimonidazole and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α positivity in tubules, were present at 4 wk post-UIR injury. Conversely, CNX led (P < 0.05) to sustained increases in left RBF (6.2 ± 0.6 mL/min) that preceded the increases in glomerular filtration rate. The CNX-induced improvement in renal function was associated with renal hypertrophy, more redifferentiated tubules, less TIF, and robust pimonidazole and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α staining in UIR injured kidneys. Thus, contrary to expectations, indexes of hypoxia are not observed with the extensive TIF at 4 wk post-UIR injury in the absence of CNX but are rather associated with the improved recovery of renal function and structure following CNX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Polichnowski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee.,Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee.,Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, Illinois.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Karen A Griffin
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, Illinois.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Hector Licea-Vargas
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, Illinois.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Rongpei Lan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Maria M Picken
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Jainrui Long
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Geoffrey A Williamson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christian Rosenberger
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Mathia
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Anil K Bidani
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, Illinois.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
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