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Shu TT, Gao ZX, Mao ZH, Yang YY, Fu WJ, Pan SK, Zhao QQ, Liu DW, Liu ZS, Wu P. Defective natriuresis contributes to hyperkalemia in db/db mice during potassium supplementation. J Hypertens 2024; 42:1632-1640. [PMID: 38780161 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Potassium supplementation reduces blood pressure and the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases, with K + -induced natriuresis playing a potential key role in this process. However, whether these beneficial effects occur in diabetes remains unknown. METHODS In this study, we examined the impact of high-K + intake on renal Na + /K + transport by determining the expression of major apical Na + transporters, diuretics responses (as a proxy for specific Na + transporter function), urinary Na + /K + excretion, and plasma Na + /K + concentrations in db/db mice, a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. RESULTS Although db/m mice exhibited increased fractional excretion of sodium (FE Na ) and fractional excretion of potassium (FE K ) under high-K + intake, these responses were largely blunted in db/db mice, suggesting impaired K + -induced natriuresis and kaliuresis in diabetes. Consequently, high-K + intake increased plasma K + levels in db/db mice, which could be attributed to the abnormal activity of sodium-hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3), sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC), and epithelial Na + channel (ENaC), as high-K + intake could not effectively decrease NHE3 and NCC and increase ENaC expression and activity in the diabetic group. Inhibition of NCC by hydrochlorothiazide could correct the hyperkalemia in db/db mice fed a high-K + diet, indicating a key role for NCC in K + -loaded diabetic mice. Treatment with metformin enhanced urinary Na + /K + excretion and normalized plasma K + levels in db/db mice with a high-K + diet, at least partially, by suppressing NCC activity. CONCLUSION Collectively, the impaired K + -induced natriuresis in diabetic mice under high-K + intake may be primarily attributed to impaired NCC-mediated renal K + excretion, despite the role of NHE3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Shu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Xiuzi Gao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zi-Hui Mao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jia Fu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shao-Kang Pan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong-Wei Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhang-Suo Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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Wu P, Li ST, Shu TT, Mao ZH, Fu WJ, Yang YY, Pan SK, Liu DW, Liu ZS, Gao ZX. Impaired distal renal potassium handling in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 327:F158-F170. [PMID: 38779755 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00240.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is closely associated with K+ disturbances during disease progression and treatment. However, it remains unclear whether K+ imbalance occurs in diabetes with normal kidney function. In this study, we examined the effects of dietary K+ intake on systemic K+ balance and renal K+ handling in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The control and STZ mice were fed low or high K+ diet for 7 days to investigate the role of dietary K+ intake in renal K+ excretion and K+ homeostasis and to explore the underlying mechanism by evaluating K+ secretion-related transport proteins in distal nephrons. K+-deficient diet caused excessive urinary K+ loss, decreased daily K+ balance, and led to severe hypokalemia in STZ mice compared with control mice. In contrast, STZ mice showed an increased daily K+ balance and elevated plasma K+ level under K+-loading conditions. Dysregulation of the NaCl cotransporter (NCC), epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), and renal outer medullary K+ channel (ROMK) was observed in diabetic mice fed either low or high K+ diet. Moreover, amiloride treatment reduced urinary K+ excretion and corrected hypokalemia in K+-restricted STZ mice. On the other hand, inhibition of SGLT2 by dapagliflozin promoted urinary K+ excretion and normalized plasma K+ levels in K+-supplemented STZ mice, at least partly by increasing ENaC activity. We conclude that STZ mice exhibited abnormal K+ balance and impaired renal K+ handling under either low or high K+ diet, which could be primarily attributed to the dysfunction of ENaC-dependent renal K+ excretion pathway, despite the possible role of NCC.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Neither low dietary K+ intake nor high dietary K+ intake effectively modulates renal K+ excretion and K+ homeostasis in STZ mice, which is closely related to the abnormality of ENaC expression and activity. SGLT2 inhibitor increases urinary K+ excretion and reduces plasma K+ level in STZ mice under high dietary K+ intake, an effect that may be partly due to the upregulation of ENaC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ting Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Shu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Hui Mao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jia Fu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Kang Pan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Wei Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang-Suo Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Xiuzi Gao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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Yamazaki O, Shibata S. Another evidence that supports the continued use of RAS inhibitors in end-stage kidney diseases. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:1984-1986. [PMID: 38658651 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Yamazaki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Shibata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Iordan L, Gaita L, Timar R, Avram V, Sturza A, Timar B. The Renoprotective Mechanisms of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i)-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7057. [PMID: 39000165 PMCID: PMC11241663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a noncommunicable condition that has become a major healthcare burden across the globe, often underdiagnosed and associated with low awareness. The main cause that leads to the development of renal impairment is diabetes mellitus and, in contrast to other chronic complications such as retinopathy or neuropathy, it has been suggested that intensive glycemic control is not sufficient in preventing the development of diabetic kidney disease. Nevertheless, a novel class of antidiabetic agents, the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), have shown multiple renoprotective properties that range from metabolic and hemodynamic to direct renal effects, with a major impact on reducing the risk of occurrence and progression of CKD. Thus, this review aims to summarize current knowledge regarding the renoprotective mechanisms of SGLT2i and to offer a new perspective on this innovative class of antihyperglycemic drugs with proven pleiotropic beneficial effects that, after decades of no significant progress in the prevention and in delaying the decline of renal function, start a new era in the management of patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Iordan
- “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency County Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (L.I.); (R.T.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (B.T.)
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Laura Gaita
- “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency County Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (L.I.); (R.T.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (B.T.)
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Romulus Timar
- “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency County Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (L.I.); (R.T.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (B.T.)
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Vlad Avram
- “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency County Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (L.I.); (R.T.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (B.T.)
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Sturza
- “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency County Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (L.I.); (R.T.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (B.T.)
- Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Bogdan Timar
- “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency County Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (L.I.); (R.T.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (B.T.)
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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5
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Vogt L, Marques FZ, Fujita T, Hoorn EJ, Danser AHJ. Novel mechanisms of salt-sensitive hypertension. Kidney Int 2023; 104:690-697. [PMID: 37454911 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
A high dietary sodium-consumption level is considered the most important lifestyle factor that can be modified to help prevent an increase in blood pressure and the development of hypertension. Despite numerous studies over the past decades, the pathophysiology explaining why some people show a salt-sensitive blood pressure response and others do not is incompletely understood. Here, a brief overview of the latest mechanistic insights is provided, focusing on the mononuclear phagocytic system and inflammation, the gut-kidney axis, and epigenetics. The article also discusses the effects of 3 types of novel drugs on salt-sensitive hypertension-sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and aldosterone synthase inhibitors. The conclusion is that besides kidney-centered mechanisms, vasoconstrictor mechanisms are also relevant for both the understanding and treatment of this blood pressure phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liffert Vogt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Toshiro Fujita
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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Song J, Li X, Ni J. A Role for Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Mini Review. Kidney Blood Press Res 2023; 48:599-610. [PMID: 37717569 PMCID: PMC10614480 DOI: 10.1159/000534174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose cotransport protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, a new type of glucose-lowering drug, have been well proved in several clinical studies for their glucose-lowering and nephroprotective effects, and the nephroprotective effects include both indirect effects of metabolic improvement and direct effects, independent of glucose-lowering effects. SUMMARY In patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD), several studies have demonstrated the potential nephroprotective mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors, and evidence of nephroprotective mechanisms in the non-DKD population is accumulating. Although the nephroprotective mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitors has not been fully elucidated, several laboratory studies have illustrated the mechanism underlying the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors at various aspects. KEY MESSAGES The purpose of this article is to review the mechanism of nephroprotective effect of SGLT2 inhibitors and to look forward to promising research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Song
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu Province, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiang Ni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu Province, Wuxi, China
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Koh ES, Kim GH, Chung S. Intrarenal Mechanisms of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors on Tubuloglomerular Feedback and Natriuresis. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2023; 38:359-372. [PMID: 37482684 PMCID: PMC10475968 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
When sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were first introduced a decade ago, no one expected them to have substantial effects beyond their known glucose-lowering effects, until the emergence of evidence of their robust renal and cardiovascular benefits showing that they could attenuate progression of kidney disease, irrespective of diabetes, as well as prevent the development of acute kidney injury. Still, the precise and elaborate mechanisms underlying the major organ protection of SGLT2 inhibitors remain unclear. SGLT2 inhibitors inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and glucose in the proximal tubule of the kidney and then recovers tubuloglomerular feedback, whereby SGLT2 inhibitors reduce glomerular hyperfiltration. This simple demonstration of their beneficial effects has perplexed experts in seeking more plausible and as yet undisclosed explanations for the whole effects of SGLT2 inhibitors, including metabolism reprogramming and the modulation of hypoxia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Given that the renal benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with kidney disease but without diabetes were comparable to those seen in patients with diabetes, it may be reasonable to keep the emphasis on their hemodynamic actions. In this context, the aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive overview of renal hemodynamics in individuals with diabetes who are treated with SGLT2 inhibitors, with a focus on natriuresis associated with the regulation of tubuloglomerular feedback and potential aquaresis. Throughout the discussion of alterations in renal sodium and water transports, particular attention will be given to the potential enhancement of adenosine and its receptors following SGLT2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sil Koh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gheun-Ho Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungjin Chung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Gao ZX, Wei QC, Shu TT, Li ST, Zhou R, Li MY, Mao ZH, Liu DW, Liu ZS, Wu P. Kir4.1 deletion prevents salt-sensitive hypertension in early streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice via Na + -Cl - cotransporter in the distal convoluted tubule. J Hypertens 2023; 41:958-970. [PMID: 37016934 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Functional impairment of renal sodium handling and blood pressure (BP) homeostasis is an early characteristic manifestation of type 1 diabetes. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS Metabolic cages, radio-telemetry, immunoblotting, and electrophysiology were utilized to examine effects of high salt (8% NaCl, HS) intake on Na + /K + balance, BP, Na + -Cl - cotransporter (NCC) function, and basolateral K + channel activity in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) under diabetic conditions. RESULTS Improper Na + balance, hypernatremia, and a mild but significant increase in BP were found in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice in response to HS intake for 7 days. Compared to the vehicle, STZ mice showed increased Kir4.1 expression and activity in the DCT, a more negative membrane potential, higher NCC abundance, and enhanced hydrochlorothiazide-induced natriuretic effect. However, HS had no significant effect on basolateral Kir4.1 expression/activity and DCT membrane potential, or NCC activity under diabetic conditions, despite a downregulation in phosphorylated NCC abundance. In contrast, HS significantly downregulated the expression of Na + -H + exchanger 3 (NHE3) and cleaved epithelial sodium channel-γ in STZ mice, despite an increase in NHE3 abundance after STZ treatment. Kir4.1 deletion largely abolished STZ-induced upregulation of NCC expression and prevented BP elevation during HS intake. Interestingly, HS causes severe hypokalemia in STZ-treated kidney-specific Kir4.1 knockout (Ks-Kir4.1 KO) mice and lead to death within a few days, which could be attributed to a higher circulating aldosterone level. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that Kir4.1 is required for upregulating NCC activity and may be essential for developing salt-sensitive hypertension in early STZ-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Xiuzi Gao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi-Chao Wei
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shu-Ting Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming-Yan Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zi-Hui Mao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong-Wei Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhang-Suo Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhang T, Tan Y, Dai X, Yang YG, Zhang X. Advances in the potential roles of Cullin-RING ligases in regulating autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125224. [PMID: 37006236 PMCID: PMC10064048 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cullin-RING ligases (CRLs) are the largest class of E3 ubiquitin ligases regulating the stability and subsequent activity of a large number of important proteins responsible for the development and progression of various diseases, including autoimmune diseases (AIDs). However, the detailed mechanisms of the pathogenesis of AIDs are complicated and involve multiple signaling pathways. An in-depth understanding of the underlying regulatory mechanisms of the initiation and progression of AIDs will aid in the development of effective therapeutic strategies. CRLs play critical roles in regulating AIDs, partially by affecting the key inflammation-associated pathways such as NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and TGF-β. In this review, we summarize and discuss the potential roles of CRLs in the inflammatory signaling pathways and pathogenesis of AIDs. Furthermore, advances in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for AIDs through targeting CRLs are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu’e Liu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuying Tan
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangpeng Dai, ; Yong-Guang Yang, ; Xiaoling Zhang,
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangpeng Dai, ; Yong-Guang Yang, ; Xiaoling Zhang,
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangpeng Dai, ; Yong-Guang Yang, ; Xiaoling Zhang,
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Van Beusecum JP, Rianto F, Teakell J, Kon V, Sparks MA, Hoorn EJ, Kirabo A, Ramkumar N. Novel Concepts in Nephron Sodium Transport: A Physiological and Clinical Perspective. ADVANCES IN KIDNEY DISEASE AND HEALTH 2023; 30:124-136. [PMID: 36868728 DOI: 10.1053/j.akdh.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The kidneys play a critical role in maintaining total body sodium (Na+) balance across a wide range of dietary intake, accomplished by a concerted effort involving multiple Na+ transporters along the nephron. Furthermore, nephron Na+ reabsorption and urinary Na+ excretion are closely linked to renal blood flow and glomerular filtration such that perturbations in either of them can modify Na+ transport along the nephron, ultimately resulting in hypertension and other Na+-retentive states. In this article, we provide a brief physiological overview of nephron Na+ transport and illustrate clinical syndromes and therapeutic agents that affect Na+ transporter function. We highlight recent advances in kidney Na+ transport, particularly the role of immune cells, lymphatics, and interstitial Na+ in regulating Na+ reabsorption, the emergence of potassium (K+) as a regulator of Na+ transport, and the evolution of the nephron to modulate Na+ transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Van Beusecum
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Fitra Rianto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine and Renal Section, Durham VA Health Care System Durham, Durham, NC
| | - Jade Teakell
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Valentina Kon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Matthew A Sparks
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine and Renal Section, Durham VA Health Care System Durham, Durham, NC
| | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Nirupama Ramkumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT.
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Dapagliflozin Treatment Augments Bioactive Phosphatidylethanolamine Concentrations in Kidney Cortex Membrane Fractions of Hypertensive Diabetic db/db Mice and Alters the Density of Lipid Rafts in Mouse Proximal Tubule Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021408. [PMID: 36674924 PMCID: PMC9865226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to inhibiting renal glucose reabsorption and allowing for glucose excretion, the sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin may be efficacious in treating various comorbidities associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The molecular mechanisms by which dapagliflozin exerts its beneficial effects are largely unknown. We hypothesized dapagliflozin treatment in the diabetic kidney alters plasma membrane lipid composition, suppresses extracellular vesicle (EV) release from kidney cells, and disrupts lipid rafts in proximal tubule cells. In order to test this hypothesis, we treated diabetic db/db mice with dapagliflozin (N = 8) or vehicle (N = 8) and performed mass spectrometry-based lipidomics to investigate changes in the concentrations of membrane lipids in the kidney cortex. In addition, we isolated urinary EVs (uEVs) from urine samples collected during the active phase and the inactive phase of the mice and then probed for changes in membrane proteins enriched in the EVs. Multiple triacylglycerols (TAGs) were enriched in the kidney cortex membrane fractions of vehicle-treated diabetic db/db mice, while the levels of multiple phosphatidylethanolamines were significantly higher in similar mice treated with dapagliflozin. EV concentration and size were lesser in the urine samples collected during the inactive phase of dapagliflozin-treated diabetic mice. In cultured mouse proximal tubule cells treated with dapagliflozin, the lipid raft protein caveolin-1 shifted from less dense fractions to more dense sucrose density gradient fractions. Taken together, these results suggest dapagliflozin may regulate lipid-mediated signal transduction in the diabetic kidney.
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12
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Uchida S, Mori T, Susa K, Sohara E. NCC regulation by WNK signal cascade. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1081261. [PMID: 36685207 PMCID: PMC9845728 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1081261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With-no-lysine (K) (WNK) kinases have been identified as the causal genes for pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII), a rare hereditary hypertension condition characterized by hyperkalemia, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, and thiazide-hypersensitivity. We thought that clarifying the link between WNK and NaCl cotransporter (NCC) would bring us new mechanism(s) of NCC regulation. For the first time, we were able to produce a knock-in mouse model of PHAII and anti-phosphorylated NCC antibodies against the putative NCC phosphorylation sites and discover that constitutive activation of NCC and increased phosphorylation of NCC are the primary pathogenesis of the disease in vivo. We have since demonstrated that this regulatory mechanism is mediated by the kinases oxidative stress-response protein 1 (OSR1) and STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) (WNK-OSR1/SPAK-NCC signaling cascade) and that the signaling is not only important in the pathological condition of PHAII but also plays a crucial physiological role in the regulation of NCC.
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Bahena-Lopez JP, Rojas-Vega L, Chávez-Canales M, Bazua-Valenti S, Bautista-Pérez R, Lee JH, Madero M, Vazquez-Manjarrez N, Alquisiras-Burgos I, Hernandez-Cruz A, Castañeda-Bueno M, Ellison DH, Gamba G. Glucose/Fructose Delivery to the Distal Nephron Activates the Sodium-Chloride Cotransporter via the Calcium-Sensing Receptor. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:55-72. [PMID: 36288902 PMCID: PMC10101570 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021121544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) activates the NaCl cotransporter (NCC). Glucose acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the CaSR. Under physiologic conditions, no glucose is delivered to the DCT, and fructose delivery depends on consumption. We hypothesized that glucose/fructose delivery to the DCT modulates the CaSR in a positive allosteric way, activating the WNK4-SPAK-NCC pathway and thus increasing salt retention. METHODS We evaluated the effect of glucose/fructose arrival to the distal nephron on the CaSR-WNK4-SPAK-NCC pathway using HEK-293 cells, C57BL/6 and WNK4-knockout mice, ex vivo perfused kidneys, and healthy humans. RESULTS HEK-293 cells exposed to glucose/fructose increased SPAK phosphorylation in a WNK4- and CaSR-dependent manner. C57BL/6 mice exposed to fructose or a single dose of dapagliflozin to induce transient glycosuria showed increased activity of the WNK4-SPAK-NCC pathway. The calcilytic NPS2143 ameliorated this effect, which was not observed in WNK4-KO mice. C57BL/6 mice treated with fructose or dapagliflozin showed markedly increased natriuresis after thiazide challenge. Ex vivo rat kidney perfused with glucose above the physiologic threshold levels for proximal reabsorption showed increased NCC and SPAK phosphorylation. NPS2143 prevented this effect. In healthy volunteers, cinacalcet administration, fructose intake, or a single dose of dapagliflozin increased SPAK and NCC phosphorylation in urinary extracellular vesicles. CONCLUSIONS Glycosuria or fructosuria was associated with increased NCC, SPAK, and WNK4 phosphorylation in a CaSR-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Paola Bahena-Lopez
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- MD/PhD (PECEM) program, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lorena Rojas-Vega
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Intellectual Property Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Chávez-Canales
- Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INCICH, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvana Bazua-Valenti
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rocío Bautista-Pérez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ju-Hye Lee
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Magdalena Madero
- Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Natalia Vazquez-Manjarrez
- Nutrition Division, Department of Nutrition Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ivan Alquisiras-Burgos
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Hernandez-Cruz
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Castañeda-Bueno
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David H. Ellison
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- MD/PhD (PECEM) program, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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14
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Gan T, Song Y, Guo F, Qin G. Emerging roles of Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in Diabetic kidney disease. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10915-10924. [PMID: 36002651 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07758-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a severe microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, is the primary cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a class of novel anti-diabetic drugs for DKD, which have the potential to prevent renal function from failing. The involved mechanisms have garnered considerable attention. Besides hypoglycemic effect, it seems that various glucose-independent nephroprotective mechanisms also have a role. Among them, improvement in tubuloglomerular feedback is considered as the main reason, followed by reduced intraglomerular pressure and fluid load. In addition, reduced blood pressure, anti-inflammatory effects, nutrient deprivation signaling as well as improved endothelial function are also important. In the future, clinical trials and mechanistic studies might further complement the current knowledge on SGLT2 inhibitors and facilitate to translate these agents to clinical use. Here, we review these mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors with an emphasis on kidney protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Gan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
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15
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The role of protein kinases as key drivers of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease progression: New insights and future directions. Life Sci 2022; 305:120732. [PMID: 35760093 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), proposed in 2020 is a novel term for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which was coined for the first time in 1980. It is a leading cause of the most chronic liver disease and hepatic failure all over the world, and unfortunately, with no licensed drugs for treatment yet. The progress of the disease is driven by the triggered inflammatory process, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance in many pathways, starting with simple hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Protein kinases (PKs), such as MAPK, ErbB, PKC, PI3K/Akt, and mTOR, govern most of the pathological pathways by acting on various downstream key points in MAFLD and regulating both hepatic gluco- lipo-neogenesis and inflammation. Therefore, modulating the function of those potential protein kinases that are effectively involved in MAFLD might be a promising therapeutic approach for tackling this disease. In the current review, we have discussed the key role of protein kinases in the pathogenesis of MAFLD and performed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network among the main proteins of each kinase pathway with MAFLD-related proteins to predict the most likely targets of the PKs in MAFLD. Moreover, we have reported the experimental, pre-clinical, and clinical data for the most recent investigated molecules that are activating p38-MAPK and AMPK proteins and inhibiting the other PKs to improve MAFLD condition by regulating oxidation and inflammation signalling.
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16
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Kelch-like protein 3 in human disease and therapy. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9813-9824. [PMID: 35585379 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Kelch-like protein 3 (KLHL3) is a substrate adaptor of Cullin3-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL3), and KLHL3-CUL3 complex plays a vital role in the ubiquitination of specific substrates. Mutations and abnormal post-translational modifications of KLHL3-CUL3 affect substrate ubiquitination and may related to the pathogenesis of Gordon syndrome (GS), Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Congenital Heart Disease (CHD), Pre-eclampsia (PE) and even cancers. Therefore, it is essential to understand the function and molecular mechanisms of KLHL3-CUL3 for the treatment of related diseases. In this review, we summary the structure and function of KLHL3-CUL3, the effect of KLHL3-CUL3 mutations and aberrant modifications in GS, PHPT, DM, CHD and PE. Moreover, we noted a possible role of KLHL3-CUL3 in carcinogenesis and provided ideas for targeting KLHL3-CUL3 for related disease treatment.
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17
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Shibata S. Thermoreceptor TRPV1 regulates body weight and blood pressure in the absence of thermogenin. Hypertens Res 2022; 45:917-919. [PMID: 35236942 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-00867-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Shibata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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18
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Maeoka Y, Ferdaus MZ, Cornelius RJ, Sharma A, Su XT, Miller LN, Robertson JA, Gurley SB, Yang CL, Ellison DH, McCormick JA. Combined Kelch-like 3 and Cullin 3 Degradation is a Central Mechanism in Familial Hyperkalemic Hypertension in Mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:584-600. [PMID: 35064051 PMCID: PMC8975056 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021081099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the ubiquitin ligase scaffold protein Cullin 3 (CUL3) gene cause the disease familial hyperkalemic hypertension (FHHt). In the kidney, mutant CUL3 (CUL3-Δ9) increases abundance of With-No-Lysine (K) Kinase 4 (WNK4), inappropriately activating sterile 20/SPS-1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK), which then phosphorylates and hyperactivates the Na+Cl- cotransporter (NCC). The precise mechanism by which CUL3-Δ9 causes FHHt is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that reduced abundance of CUL3 and of Kelch-like 3 (KLHL3), the CUL3 substrate adaptor for WNK4, is mechanistically important. Because JAB1, an enzyme that inhibits CUL3 activity by removing the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8, cannot interact with CUL3-Δ9, we also determined whether Jab1 disruption mimicked the effects of CUL3-Δ9 expression. METHODS We used an inducible renal tubule-specific system to generate several mouse models expressing CUL3-Δ9, mice heterozygous for both CUL3 and KLHL3 (Cul3+/-/Klhl3+/- ), and mice with short-term Jab1 disruption (to avoid renal injury associated with long-term disruption). RESULTS Renal KLHL3 was higher in Cul3-/- mice, but lower in Cul3-/-/Δ9 mice and in the Cul3+/-/Δ9 FHHt model, suggesting KLHL3 is a target for both WT and mutant CUL3. Cul3+/-/Klhl3+/- mice displayed increased WNK4-SPAK activation and phospho-NCC abundance and an FHHt-like phenotype with increased plasma [K+] and salt-sensitive blood pressure. Short-term Jab1 disruption in mice lowered the abundance of CUL3 and KLHL3 and increased the abundance of WNK4 and phospho-NCC. CONCLUSIONS Jab1-/- mice and Cul3+/-/Klhl3+/- mice recapitulated the effects of CUL3-Δ9 expression on WNK4-SPAK-NCC. Our data suggest degradation of both KLHL3 and CUL3 plays a central mechanistic role in CUL3-Δ9-mediated FHHt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Maeoka
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Mohammed Z. Ferdaus
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Ryan J. Cornelius
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Avika Sharma
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Xiao-Tong Su
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Lauren N. Miller
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Joshua A. Robertson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Susan B. Gurley
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Chao-Ling Yang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - David H. Ellison
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Veterans Affairs Portland Healthcare System, Portland, Oregon
| | - James A. McCormick
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Hosoya T, Uchida S, Shibata S, Tomioka NH, Matsumoto K, Hosoyamada M. Xanthine Oxidoreductase Inhibitors Suppress the Onset of Exercise-Induced AKI in High HPRT Activity Urat1- Uox Double Knockout Mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:326-341. [PMID: 34799437 PMCID: PMC8819989 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021050616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary renal hypouricemia type 1 (RHUC1) is caused by URAT1/SLC22A12 dysfunction, resulting in urolithiasis and exercise-induced AKI (EIAKI). However, because there is no useful experimental RHUC1 animal model, the precise pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying EIAKI have yet to be elucidated. We established a high HPRT activity Urat1-Uox double knockout (DKO) mouse as a novel RHUC1 animal model for investigating the cause of EIAKI and the potential therapeutic effect of xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitors (XOIs). METHODS The novel Urat1-Uox DKO mice were used in a forced swimming test as loading exercise to explore the onset mechanism of EIAKI and evaluate related purine metabolism and renal injury parameters. RESULTS Urat1-Uox DKO mice had uricosuric effects and elevated levels of plasma creatinine and BUN as renal injury markers, and decreased creatinine clearance observed in a forced swimming test. In addition, Urat1-Uox DKO mice had increased NLRP3 inflammasome activity and downregulated levels of Na+-K+-ATPase protein in the kidney, as Western blot analysis showed. Finally, we demonstrated that topiroxostat and allopurinol, XOIs, improved renal injury and functional parameters of EIAKI. CONCLUSIONS Urat1-Uox DKO mice are a useful experimental animal model for human RHUC1. The pathogenic mechanism of EIAKI was found to be due to increased levels of IL-1β via NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and Na+-K+-ATPase dysfunction associated with excessive urinary urate excretion. In addition, XOIs appear to be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of EIAKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Hosoya
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathology, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan,Biological Research Department, Research Institute, Fuji Yakuhin Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Shunya Uchida
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shibata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko H. Tomioka
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathology, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Matsumoto
- Biological Research Department, Research Institute, Fuji Yakuhin Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Makoto Hosoyamada
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathology, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Zhang Y, Guo Q, Jiang G, Zhang C. Dysfunction of Cullin 3 RING E3 ubiquitin ligase causes vasoconstriction and increased sodium reabsorption in diabetes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 710:109000. [PMID: 34343486 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Impaired endothelium-mediated vasodilation and/or increased sensitivity to vasoconstrictors lead to vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction in individuals with diabetes. Diabetic nephropathy is associated with a considerably higher risk of cardiovascular disease and death than their nondiabetic counterparts. We studied the activity of Cullin 3 RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL3) and its substrates in mice using an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) and db/db mice. The levels of CRL3 adaptors, including Kelch-like 2/3 (KLHL2/3) and Rho-related BTB domain-containing protein 1, were significantly decreased in the aortic tissues and heart of the STZ group, whereas the levels of Cullin 3 (CUL3) and its neddylated derivatives were substantially increased. Decreased KLHL3 expression and significantly increased expression of NEDD8 conjugates were observed in the kidneys of db/db mice. The neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 decreased the degradation of KLHL2/KLHL3 under high-glucose conditions with/without insulin, and transfection with KLHL2 promoted the degradation of its substrates with-no-lysine (WNK) kinases. Increased abundance of WNK3, RhoA/ROCK activity and phosphodiesterase 5 enhanced the sensibility to vasoconstrictors and impaired vasodilation. Moreover, WNK3 localized in VSMCs undergoing cell division, and high-glucose medium increased WNK3 signaling in VSMCs undergoing mitosis, which might explain the increased thickness of aortic tissues in subjects with diabetes. Increases in WNK4 abundance resulted in increased sodium reabsorption in the distal renal tubules. Thus, KLHL2/RhoBTB1/KLHL3 inactivation in the aortic tissues and kidney is a result of excessive activation of neddylation in hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, which affects vascular tone and sodium reabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gengru Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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21
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Shao S, Li XD, Lu YY, Li SJ, Chen XH, Zhou HD, He S, Guo YT, Lu X, Gao PJ, Wang JG. Renal Natriuretic Peptide Receptor-C Deficiency Attenuates NaCl Cotransporter Activity in Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension. Hypertension 2021; 77:868-881. [PMID: 33486984 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified that NPR-C (natriuretic peptide receptor-C) variants are associated with elevation of blood pressure. However, the mechanism underlying the relationship between NPR-C and blood pressure regulation remains elusive. Here, we investigate whether NPR-C regulates Ang II (angiotensin II)-induced hypertension through sodium transporters activity. Wild-type mice responded to continuous Ang II infusion with an increased renal NPR-C expression. Global NPR-C deficiency attenuated Ang II-induced increased blood pressure both in male and female mice associated with more diuretic and natriuretic responses to a saline challenge. Interestingly, Ang II increased both total and phosphorylation of NCC (NaCl cotransporter) abundance involving in activation of WNK4 (with-no-lysine kinase 4)/SPAK (Ste20-related proline/alanine-rich kinase) which was blunted by NPR-C deletion. NCC inhibitor, hydrochlorothiazide, failed to induce natriuresis in NPR-C knockout mice. Moreover, low-salt and high-salt diets-induced changes of total and phosphorylation of NCC expression were normalized by NPR-C deletion. Importantly, tubule-specific deletion of NPR-C also attenuated Ang II-induced elevated blood pressure, total and phosphorylation of NCC expression. Mechanistically, in distal convoluted tubule cells, Ang II dose and time-dependently upregulated WNK4/SPAK/NCC kinase pathway and NPR-C/Gi/PLC/PKC signaling pathway mediated NCC activation. These results demonstrate that NPR-C signaling regulates NCC function contributing to sodium retention-mediated elevated blood pressure, which suggests that NPR-C is a promising candidate for the treatment of sodium retention-related hypertension.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Blood Pressure/genetics
- Blood Pressure/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Hypertension/chemically induced
- Hypertension/genetics
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules, Distal/cytology
- Kidney Tubules, Distal/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor/deficiency
- Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor/genetics
- Renin-Angiotensin System/genetics
- Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Sodium/blood
- Sodium/urine
- Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 3/genetics
- Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 3/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shao
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Lu
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Shi-Jin Li
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Chen
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Han-Dan Zhou
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Shun He
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yue-Tong Guo
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Ping-Jin Gao
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Ji-Guang Wang
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
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22
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Guo Q, Zhang Y, Jiang GR, Zhang C. Decreased KLHL3 expression is involved in the activation of WNK-OSR1/SPAK-NCC cascade in type 1 diabetic mice. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:185-196. [PMID: 33432425 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Familial hyperkalemic hypertension (FHHt; also called pseudohypoaldosteronism type II) is a hereditary hypertensive disease which can be caused by mutations in four genes: WNK1 [with no lysine (K) 1], WNK4, Kelch-like3 (KLHL3), and cullin3 (CUL3). Decreased KLHL3 expression was identified as being involved in the pathogenesis of FHHt caused by cullin 3 disease mutations. Recent studies have revealed an increased WNK4 and hence Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC) activity in the db/db mice, resulting from PKC-mediated KLHL3 phosphorylation, which impairs the degradation of its substrate, WNK4. However, whether WNK4 and NCC were activated in type 1 diabetes still remains unclear. We created streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice and revealed that renal WNK-oxidative stress response kinase-1/STE20/SPS1-related proline alanine-rich kinase (OSR1/SPAK)-NCC cascade was activated, whereas KLHL3 expression was markedly decreased and CUL3 was heavily neddylated. Moreover, decreased KLHL3 was reversed and WNK1 and WNK4 abundance increased by MLN4924, a neddylation inhibitor. In vitro, our study also showed decreased KLHL3 abundance without any significant change in phosphorylated KLHL3 under high glucose exposure. These results indicate that decreased KLHL3 likely plays a role in the pathogenesis of renal sodium reabsorption in hyperglycemic conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Blood Pressure
- Cullin Proteins/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microfilament Proteins/genetics
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Renal Reabsorption
- Signal Transduction
- Sodium/metabolism
- Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 3/metabolism
- Streptozocin
- Ubiquitination
- WNK Lysine-Deficient Protein Kinase 1/genetics
- WNK Lysine-Deficient Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Xinhua Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Xinhua Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Geng-Ru Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Xinhua Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Xinhua Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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23
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Bovée DM, Cuevas CA, Zietse R, Danser AHJ, Mirabito Colafella KM, Hoorn EJ. Salt-sensitive hypertension in chronic kidney disease: distal tubular mechanisms. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F729-F745. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00407.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes salt-sensitive hypertension that is often resistant to treatment and contributes to the progression of kidney injury and cardiovascular disease. A better understanding of the mechanisms contributing to salt-sensitive hypertension in CKD is essential to improve these outcomes. This review critically explores these mechanisms by focusing on how CKD affects distal nephron Na+ reabsorption. CKD causes glomerulotubular imbalance with reduced proximal Na+ reabsorption and increased distal Na+ delivery and reabsorption. Aldosterone secretion further contributes to distal Na+ reabsorption in CKD and is not only mediated by renin and K+ but also by metabolic acidosis, endothelin-1, and vasopressin. CKD also activates the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system, generating intratubular angiotensin II to promote distal Na+ reabsorption. High dietary Na+ intake in CKD contributes to Na+ retention by aldosterone-independent activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor mediated through Rac1. High dietary Na+ also produces an inflammatory response mediated by T helper 17 cells and cytokines increasing distal Na+ transport. CKD is often accompanied by proteinuria, which contains plasmin capable of activating the epithelial Na+ channel. Thus, CKD causes both local and systemic changes that together promote distal nephron Na+ reabsorption and salt-sensitive hypertension. Future studies should address remaining knowledge gaps, including the relative contribution of each mechanism, the influence of sex, differences between stages and etiologies of CKD, and the clinical relevance of experimentally identified mechanisms. Several pathways offer opportunities for intervention, including with dietary Na+ reduction, distal diuretics, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and K+ or H+ binders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique M. Bovée
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina A. Cuevas
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Zietse
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. H. Jan Danser
- Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katrina M. Mirabito Colafella
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ewout J. Hoorn
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Yamazaki O, Hirohama D, Ishizawa K, Shibata S. Role of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System in the Regulation of Blood Pressure: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5358. [PMID: 32731518 PMCID: PMC7432568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney and the vasculature play crucial roles in regulating blood pressure. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), a multienzyme process mediating covalent conjugation of the 76-amino acid polypeptide ubiquitin to a substrate protein followed by proteasomal degradation, is involved in multiple cellular processes by regulating protein turnover in various tissues. Increasing evidence demonstrates the roles of UPS in blood pressure regulation. In the kidney, filtered sodium is reabsorbed through diverse sodium transporters and channels along renal tubules, and studies conducted till date have provided insights into the complex molecular network through which ubiquitin ligases modulate sodium transport in different segments. Components of these pathways include ubiquitin ligase neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 4-2, Cullin-3, and Kelch-like 3. Moreover, accumulating data indicate the roles of UPS in blood vessels, where it modulates nitric oxide bioavailability and vasoconstriction. Cullin-3 not only regulates renal salt reabsorption but also controls vascular tone using different adaptor proteins that target distinct substrates in vascular smooth muscle cells. In endothelial cells, UPS can also contribute to blood pressure regulation by modulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the role of UPS in blood pressure regulation, focusing on renal sodium reabsorption and vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shigeru Shibata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (O.Y.); (D.H.); (K.I.)
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25
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Kikuyama T, Susa T, Tamamori-Adachi M, Iizuka M, Akimoto M, Okinaga H, Fujigaki Y, Uchida S, Shibata S, Okazaki T. 25(OH)D 3 stimulates the expression of vitamin D target genes in renal tubular cells when Cyp27b1 is abrogated. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 199:105593. [PMID: 31945466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it was reported that 25(OH)D3 (25D3) has physiological bioactivity in certain tissues derived from Cyp27b1 knockout mice. To investigate the function of 25D3 in the kidney as an informational crossroad of various calciotropic substances, we employed the CRISPR-Cas9 system to knock out Cyp27b1 in the mouse renal distal tubular mDCT cell line. Unlike the previously reported mice in which Cyp27b1 was targeted systemically, Cyp27b1 knockout mDCT cells did not produce any measurable 1α,25(OH)2D3 (1,25D3) after 25D3 administration. As was seen with treatment of Cyp27b1 knockout mDCT cells with ≥10-8 M of 1,25D3, the administration of 10-7 M of 25D3 translocated the vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) into the nucleus and promoted the expression of the representative 1,25D3-responsive gene Cyp24a1. The exhaustive target gene profiles of 25D3 were similar to those of 1,25D3. Subsequently, we confirmed that 25D3 induced the expression of the calcium reabsorption-related gene calbindin-D9K, in a way similar to 1,25D3. We also found that 1,25D3 and 25D3 induced the expression of the megalin gene. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay identified two vitamin D response elements in the upstream region of the megalin gene that seemed to contribute to its expression. Together, we surmise that the ability of 25D3 to stimulate VDR target genes may provide a novel perspective for its role in certain tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kikuyama
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Susa
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | - Masayoshi Iizuka
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Akimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Okinaga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Fujigaki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunya Uchida
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shibata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Okazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Furusho T, Uchida S, Sohara E. The WNK signaling pathway and salt-sensitive hypertension. Hypertens Res 2020; 43:733-743. [PMID: 32286498 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-020-0437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The distal nephron of the kidney has a central role in sodium and fluid homeostasis, and disruption of this homeostasis due to mutations of with-no-lysine kinase 1 (WNK1), WNK4, Kelch-like 3 (KLHL3), or Cullin 3 (CUL3) causes pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII), an inherited hypertensive disease. WNK1 and WNK4 activate the NaCl cotransporter (NCC) at the distal convoluted tubule through oxidative stress-responsive gene 1 (OSR1)/Ste20-related proline-alanine-rich kinase (SPAK), constituting the WNK-OSR1/SPAK-NCC phosphorylation cascade. The level of WNK protein is regulated through degradation by the CUL3-KLHL3 E3 ligase complex. In the normal state, the activity of WNK signaling in the kidney is physiologically regulated by sodium intake to maintain sodium homeostasis in the body. In patients with PHAII, however, because of the defective degradation of WNK kinases, NCC is constitutively active and not properly suppressed by a high salt diet, leading to abnormally increased salt reabsorption and salt-sensitive hypertension. Importantly, recent studies have demonstrated that potassium intake, insulin, and TNFα are also physiological regulators of WNK signaling, suggesting that they contribute to the salt-sensitive hypertension associated with a low potassium diet, metabolic syndrome, and chronic kidney disease, respectively. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that WNK signaling also has some unique roles in metabolic, cardiovascular, and immunological organs. Here, we review the recent literature and discuss the molecular mechanisms of the WNK signaling pathway and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Furusho
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Uchida
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisei Sohara
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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27
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Vallon V, Thomson SC. The tubular hypothesis of nephron filtration and diabetic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 16:317-336. [PMID: 32152499 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-0256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Kidney size and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) often increase with the onset of diabetes, and elevated GFR is a risk factor for the development of diabetic kidney disease. Hyperfiltration mainly occurs in response to signals passed from the tubule to the glomerulus: high levels of glucose in the glomerular filtrate drive increased reabsorption of glucose and sodium by the sodium-glucose cotransporters SGLT2 and SGLT1 in the proximal tubule. Passive reabsorption of chloride and water also increases. The overall capacity for proximal reabsorption is augmented by growth of the proximal tubule, which (alongside sodium-glucose cotransport) further limits urinary glucose loss. Hyperreabsorption of sodium and chloride induces tubuloglomerular feedback from the macula densa to increase GFR. In addition, sodium-glucose cotransport by SGLT1 on macula densa cells triggers the production of nitric oxide, which also contributes to glomerular hyperfiltration. Although hyperfiltration restores sodium and chloride excretion it imposes added physical stress on the filtration barrier and increases the oxygen demand to drive reabsorption. Tubular growth is associated with the development of a senescence-like molecular signature that sets the stage for inflammation and fibrosis. SGLT2 inhibitors attenuate the proximal reabsorption of sodium and glucose, normalize tubuloglomerular feedback signals and mitigate hyperfiltration. This tubule-centred model of diabetic kidney physiology predicts the salutary effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on hard renal outcomes, as shown in large-scale clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Vallon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Scott C Thomson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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28
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Cornelius RJ, Ferdaus MZ, Nelson JW, McCormick JA. Cullin-Ring ubiquitin ligases in kidney health and disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2019; 28:490-497. [PMID: 31313673 PMCID: PMC6686897 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Members of the Cullin family act as scaffolds in E3 ubiquitin ligases and play a central role in mediating protein degradation. Interactions with many different substrate-binding adaptors permit Cullin-containing E3 ligases to participate in diverse cellular functions. In the kidney, one well established target of Cullin-mediated degradation is the transcription factor Nrf2, a key player in responses to oxidative stress. The goal of this review is to discuss more recent findings revealing broader roles for Cullins in the kidney. RECENT FINDINGS Cullin 3 acts as the scaffold in the E3 ligase regulating Nrf2 abundance, but was more recently shown to be mutated in the disease familial hyperkalemic hypertension. Studies seeking to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which Cullin 3 mutations lead to dysregulation of renal sodium transport will be discussed. Disruption of Cullin 3 in mice unexpectedly causes polyuria and fibrotic injury suggesting it has additional roles in the kidney. We will also review recent transcriptomic data suggesting that other Cullins are also likely to play important roles in renal function. SUMMARY Cullins form a large and diverse family of E3 ubiquitin ligases that are likely to have many important functions in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Cornelius
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Mohammed Z. Ferdaus
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Jonathan W. Nelson
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - James A. McCormick
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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