1
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Almalki A, Arjun S, Harding I, Jasem H, Kolatsi-Joannou M, Jafree DJ, Pomeranz G, Long DA, Yellon DM, Bell RM. SGLT1 contributes to glucose-mediated exacerbation of ischemia-reperfusion injury in ex vivo rat heart. Basic Res Cardiol 2024:10.1007/s00395-024-01071-z. [PMID: 39088085 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia is common during acute coronary syndromes (ACS) irrespective of diabetic status and portends excess infarct size and mortality, but the mechanisms underlying this effect are poorly understood. We hypothesized that sodium/glucose linked transporter-1 (SGLT1) might contribute to the effect of high-glucose during ACS and examined this using an ex-vivo rodent heart model of ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Langendorff-perfused rat hearts were subjected to 35 min ischemia and 2 h reperfusion, with variable glucose and reciprocal mannitol given during reperfusion in the presence of pharmacological inhibitors of SGLT1. Myocardial SGLT1 expression was determined in rat by rtPCR, RNAscope and immunohistochemistry, as well as in human by single-cell transcriptomic analysis. High glucose in non-diabetic rat heart exacerbated reperfusion injury, significantly increasing infarct size from 45 ± 3 to 65 ± 4% at 11-22 mmol/L glucose, respectively (p < 0.01), an association absent in diabetic heart (32 ± 1-37 ± 5%, p = NS). Rat heart expressed SGLT1 RNA and protein in vascular endothelium and cardiomyocytes, with similar expression found in human myocardium by single-nucleus RNA-sequencing. Rat SGLT1 expression was significantly reduced in diabetic versus non-diabetic heart (0.608 ± 0.08 compared with 1.116 ± 0.13 probe/nuclei, p < 0.01). Pharmacological inhibitors phlorizin, canagliflozin or mizagliflozoin in non-diabetic heart revealed that blockade of SGLT1 but not SGLT2, abrogated glucose-mediated excess reperfusion injury. Elevated glucose is injurious to the rat heart during reperfusion, exacerbating myocardial infarction in non-diabetic heart, whereas the diabetic heart is resistant to raised glucose, a finding which may be explained by lower myocardial SGLT1 expression. SGLT1 is expressed in vascular endothelium and cardiomyocytes and inhibiting SGLT1 abrogates excess glucose-mediated infarction. These data highlight SGLT1 as a potential clinical translational target to improve morbidity/mortality outcomes in hyperglycemic ACS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhanoof Almalki
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Sapna Arjun
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Idris Harding
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Hussain Jasem
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Maria Kolatsi-Joannou
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Daniyal J Jafree
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- UCL Centre for Kidney and Bladder Health, London, UK
- UCL MB/PhD Programme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gideon Pomeranz
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- UCL Centre for Kidney and Bladder Health, London, UK
| | - David A Long
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- UCL Centre for Kidney and Bladder Health, London, UK
| | - Derek M Yellon
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Robert M Bell
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.
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2
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Jiang L, Hu X, Feng Y, Wang Z, Tang H, Lin Q, Shen Y, Zhu Y, Xu Q, Li X. Reduction of renal interstitial fibrosis by targeting Tie2 in vascular endothelial cells. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:959-965. [PMID: 38012310 PMCID: PMC10920200 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02893-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tie2, a functional angiopoietin receptor, is expressed in vascular endothelial cells and plays an important role in angiogenesis and vascular stability. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an agonistic Tie2 signal on renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We established an in vivo mouse model of folic acid-induced nephropathy (FAN) and an in vitro model of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated endothelial cell injury, then an agonistic Tie2 monoclonal antibody (Tie2 mAb) was used to intervent these processes. The degree of tubulointerstitial lesions and related molecular mechanisms were determined by histological assessment, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and qPCR. RESULTS Tie2 mAb attenuated RIF and reduced the level of fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP1). Further, it suppressed vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and increased CD31 density in FAN. In the in vitro model, Tie2 mAb was found to decrease the expression of VCAM-1, Bax, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). CONCLUSIONS The present findings indicate that the agonistic Tie2 mAb exerted vascular protective effects and ameliorated RIF via inhibition of vascular inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. Therefore, Tie2 may be a potential target for the treatment of this disease. IMPACT This is the first report to confirm that an agonistic Tie2 monoclonal antibody can reduce renal interstitial fibrosis in folic acid-induced nephropathy in mice. This mechanism possibly involves vascular protective effects brought about by inhibition of vascular inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis. Our data show that Tie2 signal may be a novel, endothelium-specific target for the treatment of tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jiang
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Xiaohan Hu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Yajun Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangyin, 214400, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zibo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Hanyun Tang
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Yunyan Shen
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Qinying Xu
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Xiaozhong Li
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003, China.
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3
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Hu L, Dong C, Wang Z, He S, Yang Y, Zi M, Li H, Zhang Y, Chen C, Zheng R, Jia S, Liu J, Zhang X, He Y. A rationally designed fluorescence probe achieves highly specific and long-term detection of senescence in vitro and in vivo. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13896. [PMID: 37312431 PMCID: PMC10410003 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells (SnCs) are implicated in aging and various age-related pathologies. Targeting SnCs can treat age-related diseases and extend health span. However, precisely tracking and visualizing of SnCs is still challenging, especially in in vivo environments. Here, we developed a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (XZ1208) that targets β-galactosidase (β-Gal), a well-accepted biomarker for cellular senescence. XZ1208 can be cleaved rapidly by β-Gal and produces a strong fluorescence signal in SnCs. We demonstrated the high specificity and sensitivity of XZ1208 in labeling SnCs in naturally aged, total body irradiated (TBI), and progeroid mouse models. XZ1208 achieved a long-term duration of over 6 days in labeling senescence without causing significant toxicities and accurately detected the senolytic effects of ABT263 on eliminating SnCs. Furthermore, XZ1208 was applied to monitor SnCs accumulated in fibrotic diseases and skin wound healing models. Overall, we developed a tissue-infiltrating NIR probe and demonstrated its excellent performance in labeling SnCs in aging and senescence-associated disease models, indicating great potential for application in aging studies and diagnosis of senescence-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chanjuan Dong
- Drug Discovery & Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Shengyuan He
- Drug Discovery & Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Yiwen Yang
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Meiting Zi
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Huiqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Yanghuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical SchoolKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
| | - Chuanjie Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Drug Discovery & Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Runzi Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical SchoolKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
| | - Shuting Jia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical SchoolKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
| | - Jing Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical SchoolKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
| | - Xuan Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Drug Discovery & Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Yonghan He
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Brown BJ, Boekell KL, Stotter BR, Talbot BE, Schlondorff JS. Gain-of-function, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis Trpc6 mutation minimally affects susceptibility to renal injury in several mouse models. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272313. [PMID: 35913909 PMCID: PMC9342776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in TRPC6 are a cause of autosomal dominant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in humans. Many of these mutations are known to have a gain-of-function effect on the non-specific cation channel function of TRPC6. In vitro studies have suggested these mutations affect several signaling pathways, but in vivo studies have largely compared wild-type and Trpc6-deficient rodents. We developed mice carrying a gain-of-function Trpc6 mutation encoding an E896K amino acid change, corresponding to a known FSGS mutation in TRPC6. Homozygous mutant Trpc6 animals have no appreciable renal pathology, and do not develop albuminuria until very advanced age. The Trpc6E896K mutation does not impart susceptibility to PAN nephrosis. The animals show a slight delay in recovery from the albumin overload model. In response to chronic angiotensin II infusion, Trpc6E896K/E896K mice have slightly greater albuminuria initially compared to wild-type animals, an effect that is lost at later time points, and a statistically non-significant trend toward more glomerular injury. This phenotype is nearly opposite to that of Trpc6-deficient animals previously described. The Trpc6 mutation does not appreciably impact renal interstitial fibrosis in response to either angiotensin II infusion, or folate-induced kidney injury. TRPC6 protein and TRPC6-agonist induced calcium influx could not be detected in glomeruli. In sum, these findings suggest that a gain-of-function Trpc6 mutation confers only a mild susceptibility to glomerular injury in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney J. Brown
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kimber L. Boekell
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brian R. Stotter
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brianna E. Talbot
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Johannes S. Schlondorff
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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5
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Chen M, Wen X, Gao Y, Liu B, Zhong C, Nie J, Liang H. IRF-4 deficiency reduces inflammation and kidney fibrosis after folic acid-induced acute kidney injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108142. [PMID: 34555644 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The chronic phase following toxin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by robust inflammation and progressive kidney fibrosis. Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF-4) is a type of multifunctional transcription factor that has been deeply linked to inflammation and fibrotic diseases. However, the role of IRF-4 in kidney damage and renal fibrosis after toxin-induced AKI remain to be explored. In this work, we examined the effect of IRF-4 deficiency on inflammation and kidney fibrosis in an AKI-chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition model induced by folic acid (FA) injury. We showed that FA treatment resulted in severe acute tubular injury followed by inflammatory reaction and interstitial fibrosis in wild-type mice. A sharp elevation of IRF-4 levels was observed in FA-injured kidneys. IRF-4 knockout led to a substantial reduction of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins deposition and inhibited myofibroblasts transformation in the kidneys of mice subjected to FA treatment. In addition, IRF-4 ablation impaired F4/80+ macrophages and CD3+ T lymphocytes infiltration into the FA-injured kidneys. Loss of IRF-4 reduced the production of inflammatory molecules such as CXCL16, IL-18, IL-6, and TGF-β1 in the kidneys in response to FA stress. Following FA injury, the kidneys of IRF-4 knockout mice had fewer bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts than wild-type controls. Moreover, IRF-4 disruption inhibited macrophages to myofibroblasts differentiation in the kidneys in response to FA stimuli. In vitro, IL-4 stimulated expression of α-smooth muscle actin and ECM proteins and promoted M2 macrophages to myofibroblasts transition in mouse bone marrow-derived monocytes, which was abolished in the absence of IRF-4. Thus, we identified an important role of IRF-4 in the pathogenesis of progressive CKD following FA-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Xianjie Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Benquan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Chaoqun Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Jiayi Nie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China.
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6
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Radloff J, Latic N, Pfeiffenberger U, Schüler C, Tangermann S, Kenner L, Erben RG. A phosphate and calcium-enriched diet promotes progression of 5/6-nephrectomy-induced chronic kidney disease in C57BL/6 mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14868. [PMID: 34290280 PMCID: PMC8295299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
C57BL/6 mice are known to be rather resistant to the induction of experimental chronic kidney disease (CKD) by 5/6-nephrectomy (5/6-Nx). Here, we sought to characterize the development of CKD and its cardiac and skeletal sequelae during the first three months after 5/6-Nx in C57BL/6 mice fed a calcium- and phosphate enriched diet (CPD) with a balanced calcium/phosphate ratio. 5/6-NX mice on CPD showed increased renal fibrosis and a more pronounced decrease in glomerular filtration rate when compared to 5/6-Nx mice on normal diet (ND). Interestingly, despite comparable levels of serum calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone (PTH), circulating intact fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) was 5 times higher in 5/6-Nx mice on CPD, relative to 5/6-Nx mice on ND. A time course experiment revealed that 5/6-Nx mice on CPD developed progressive renal functional decline, renal fibrosis, cortical bone loss, impaired bone mineralization as well as hypertension, but not left ventricular hypertrophy. Collectively, our data show that the resistance of C57BL/6 mice to 5/6-Nx can be partially overcome by feeding the CPD, and that the CPD induces a profound, PTH-independent increase in FGF23 in 5/6-Nx mice, making it an interesting tool to assess the pathophysiological significance of FGF23 in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Radloff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Latic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - U Pfeiffenberger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Schüler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Tangermann
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Kenner
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - R G Erben
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
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7
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Liu B, Nie J, Liang H, Liang Z, Huang J, Yu W, Wen S. Pharmacological inhibition of SETD7 by PFI-2 attenuates renal fibrosis following folic acid and obstruction injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 901:174097. [PMID: 33848540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the common pathological hallmark of chronic kidney disease, and SET domain containing lysine methyltransferase 7 (SETD7) promote considerably renal fibrosis. However, the signaling mechanisms underlying SETD7 driving renal fibrosis are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the role of SETD7 in M2 macrophages-myofibroblasts transition and the myeloid fibroblasts activation in folic acid and obstruction-induced renal fibrosis. Mice treated with PFI-2, an inhibitor of SETD7, presented less bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts, fewer CD206+/α-smooth muscle actin + cells and developed less renal fibrosis (P<0.01). Furthermore, SETD7 inhibition reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells and decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the kidneys after folic acid treatment (P<0.01). Finally, SETD7 inhibition suppressed the accumulation of NF-κB p65+ cells in folic acid nephropathy (P<0.01). Taken together, SETD7 mediates M2 macrophages-myofibroblasts transition, bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts activation, and inflammation response in the development of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benquan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Jiayi Nie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China; Translational Medicine Institute of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Zijie Liang
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Jiangju Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Wenqiang Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Shihong Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of SUN YAT-SEN University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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8
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Saraswati S, Martínez P, Graña-Castro O, Blasco MA. Short and dysfunctional telomeres sensitize the kidneys to develop fibrosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 1:269-283. [PMID: 37118410 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of short telomeres is a hallmark of aging. Mutations in telomerase or telomere-binding proteins lead to telomere shortening or dysfunction and are at the origin of human pathologies known as 'telomere syndromes', which are characterized by loss of the regenerative capacity of tissues and fibrotic pathologies. Here, we generated two mouse models of kidney fibrosis, either by combining telomerase deficiency to induce telomere shortening and a low dose of folic acid, or by conditionally deleting Trf1, a component of the shelterin telomere protective complex, from the kidneys. We find that short telomeres sensitize the kidneys to develop fibrosis in response to folic acid and exacerbate the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program. Trf1 deletion in kidneys led to fibrosis and EMT activation. Our findings suggest that telomere shortening or dysfunction may contribute to pathological, age-associated renal fibrosis by influencing the EMT program.
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9
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Zou J, Yang J, Zhu X, Zhong J, Elshaer A, Matsusaka T, Pastan I, Haase VH, Yang HC, Fogo AB. Stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor ameliorates glomerular injury sensitization after tubulointerstitial injury. Kidney Int 2020; 99:620-631. [PMID: 33137336 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we found that mild tubulointerstitial injury sensitizes glomeruli to subsequent injury. Here, we evaluated whether stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-α (HIF-α), a key regulator of tissue response to hypoxia, ameliorates tubulointerstitial injury and impact on subsequent glomerular injury. Nep25 mice, which express the human CD25 receptor on podocytes under control of the nephrin promotor and develop glomerulosclerosis when a specific toxin is administered were used. Tubulointerstitial injury, evident by week two, was induced by folic acid, and mice were treated with an HIF stabilizer, dimethyloxalylglycine or vehicle from week three to six. Uninephrectomy at week six assessed tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Glomerular injury was induced by podocyte toxin at week seven, and mice were sacrificed ten days later. At week six tubular injury markers normalized but with patchy collagen I and interstitial fibrosis. Pimonidazole staining, a hypoxia marker, was increased by folic acid treatment compared to vehicle while dimethyloxalylglycine stimulated HIF-2α expression and attenuated tubulointerstitial hypoxia. The hematocrit was increased by dimethyloxalylglycine along with downstream effectors of HIF. Tubular epithelial cell injury, inflammation and interstitial fibrosis were improved after dimethyloxalylglycine, with further reduced mortality, interstitial fibrosis, and glomerulosclerosis induced by specific podocyte injury. Thus, our findings indicate that hypoxia contributes to tubular injury and consequent sensitization of glomeruli to injury. Hence, restoring HIFs may blunt this adverse crosstalk of tubules to glomeruli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zou
- Division of Nephrology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jaewon Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Division of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon, South Korea
| | - Xiaoye Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Wudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyong Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ahmed Elshaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Taiji Matsusaka
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Ira Pastan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Volker H Haase
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Medicine and Research Services, Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hai-Chun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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10
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Matthias J, Cui Q, Shumate LT, Plagge A, He Q, Bastepe M. Extra-Large Gα Protein (XLαs) Deficiency Causes Severe Adenine-Induced Renal Injury with Massive FGF23 Elevation. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5638044. [PMID: 31758181 PMCID: PMC6986553 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqz025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) is critical for phosphate and vitamin D homeostasis. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying FGF23 production remain poorly defined. The extra-large Gα subunit (XLαs) is a variant of the stimulatory G protein alpha-subunit (Gsα), which mediates the stimulatory action of parathyroid hormone in skeletal FGF23 production. XLαs ablation causes diminished FGF23 levels in early postnatal mice. Herein we found that plasma FGF23 levels were comparable in adult XLαs knockout (XLKO) and wild-type littermates. Upon adenine-rich diet-induced renal injury, a model of chronic kidney disease, both mice showed increased levels of plasma FGF23. Unexpectedly, XLKO mice had markedly higher FGF23 levels than WT mice, with higher blood urea nitrogen and more severe tubulopathy. FGF23 mRNA levels increased substantially in bone and bone marrow in both genotypes; however, the levels in bone were markedly higher than in bone marrow. In XLKO mice, a positive linear correlation was observed between plasma FGF23 and bone, but not bone marrow, FGF23 mRNA levels, suggesting that bone, rather than bone marrow, is an important contributor to severely elevated FGF23 levels in this model. Upon folic acid injection, a model of acute kidney injury, XLKO and WT mice exhibited similar degrees of tubulopathy; however, plasma phosphate and FGF23 elevations were modestly blunted in XLKO males, but not in females, compared to WT counterparts. Our findings suggest that XLαs ablation does not substantially alter FGF23 production in adult mice but increases susceptibility to adenine-induced kidney injury, causing severe FGF23 elevations in plasma and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Matthias
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qiuxia Cui
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lauren T Shumate
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Antonius Plagge
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Qing He
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Correspondence: Murat Bastepe, MD, PhD, 50 Blossom St. Thier 10 Boston, MA 02114, USA. E-mail: and Qing He, PhD 50 Blossom St. Thier 10 Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. E-mail:
| | - Murat Bastepe
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Correspondence: Murat Bastepe, MD, PhD, 50 Blossom St. Thier 10 Boston, MA 02114, USA. E-mail: and Qing He, PhD 50 Blossom St. Thier 10 Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. E-mail:
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11
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Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of iron-dependent, non-apoptotic regulated cell death, which is characterized by the accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides to lethal levels. Ferroptosis recently has been shown to have implications in diverse kidney diseases, such as acute kidney injury, polycystic kidney disease and renal cell carcinoma. This review summarizes current research on ferroptosis, its underlying mechanisms and its role in the progression of different kidney diseases to provide more information regarding treatment and prevention of these destructive diseases.
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12
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Characterization of Matricellular Protein Expression Signatures in Mechanistically Diverse Mouse Models of Kidney Injury. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16736. [PMID: 31723159 PMCID: PMC6854083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52961-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the most common pathophysiological manifestation of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). It is defined as excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Embedded within the ECM are a family of proteins called Matricellular Proteins (MCPs), which are typically expressed during chronic pathologies for ECM processing. As such, identifying potential MCPs in the pathological secretome of a damaged kidney could serve as diagnostic/therapeutic targets of fibrosis. Using published RNA-Seq data from two kidney injury mouse models of different etiologies, Folic Acid (FA) and Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction (UUO), we compared and contrasted the expression profile of various members from well-known MCP families during the Acute and Fibrotic injury phases. As a result, we identified common and distinct MCP expression signatures between both injury models. Bioinformatic analysis of their differentially expressed MCP genes revealed similar top annotation clusters from Molecular Function and Biological Process networks, which are those commonly involved in fibrosis. Using kidney lysates from FA- and UUO-injured mice, we selected MCP genes from our candidate list to confirm mRNA expression by Western Blot, which correlated with injury progression. Understanding the expressions of MCPs will provide important insight into the processes of kidney repair, and may validate MCPs as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets of CKD.
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13
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Xavier S, Sahu RK, Bontha SV, Mass V, Taylor RP, Megyesi J, Thielens NM, Portilla D. Complement C1r serine protease contributes to kidney fibrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1293-F1304. [PMID: 31509012 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00357.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that complement activation precedes the development of kidney fibrosis; however, little is known about the cellular mechanisms involved in this transition. We hypothesized that increased expression of C1 complex protease C1r, the initiator of complement activation, contributes to tubulointerstitial fibrosis and tested this idea in mice with global deletion of C1r. Although expression of C1r in untreated wild-type (WT) mice was higher in the liver compared with kidney tissue, administration of folic acid (FA) led to upregulation of C1r mRNA and protein levels only in kidney tissue. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization experiments localized increased expression of C1r and C1s proteases to renal tubular epithelial cells. C1r-null mice had reduced acute tubular injury and inflammation measured 2 days after FA administration compared with WT mice. C1r deletion reduced expression of C1s, C3 fragment formation, and organ fibrosis measured 14 days after FA administration. Differential gene expression performed in kidney tissue demonstrated that C1r-null mice had reduced expression of genes associated with the acute phase response, complement, proliferation of connective tissue cells (e.g., platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β), and reduced expression of genes associated with inflammation compared with FA-treated WT mice. In vitro experiments in renal epithelial cells demonstrated that C1s expression is dependent on increased C1r expression and that interferon-γ induces the expression of these two proteases. We conclude that increased expression of C1 complex proteases is associated with increased tissue inflammation and complement C3 formation and represents an important pathogenic mechanism leading to FA-mediated tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Xavier
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ranjit K Sahu
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Sai Vineela Bontha
- Methodist University of Tennessee Transplant Institute, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Valeria Mass
- Methodist University of Tennessee Transplant Institute, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Ronald P Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Judit Megyesi
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Nicole M Thielens
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, L'Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Didier Portilla
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salem, Virginia
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14
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He F, Zhang D, Chen Q, Zhao Y, Wu L, Li Z, Zhang C, Jiang Z, Wang Y. Angiopoietin‐Tie signaling in kidney diseases: an updated review. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2706-2715. [PMID: 31380564 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang‐Fang He
- Department of Nephrology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Nephrology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Nephrology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Nephrology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhen‐Qiong Li
- Department of Nephrology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhao‐Hua Jiang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yu‐Mei Wang
- Department of Nephrology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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Honarpisheh M, Foresto-Neto O, Steiger S, Kraft F, Koehler P, von Rauchhaupt E, Potempa J, Adamowicz K, Koziel J, Lech M. Aristolochic acid I determine the phenotype and activation of macrophages in acute and chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12169. [PMID: 30111809 PMCID: PMC6093867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic kidney injuries are multifactorial traits that involve various risk factors. Experimental animal models are crucial to unravel important aspects of injury and its pathophysiological mechanisms. Translating knowledge obtained from experimental approaches into clinically useful information is difficult; therefore, significant attention needs to be paid to experimental procedures that mimic human disease. Herein, we compared aristolochic acid I (AAI) acute and chronic kidney injury model with unilateral ischemic-reperfusion injury (uIRI), cisplatin (CP)- or folic acid (FA)-induced renal damage. The administration of AAI showed significant changes in serum creatinine and BUN upon CKD. The number of neutrophils and macrophages were highly increased as well as AAI-induced CKD characterized by loss of tubular epithelial cells and fibrosis. The in vitro and in vivo data indicated that macrophages play an important role in the pathogenesis of AA-induced nephropathy (AAN) associated with an excessive macrophage accumulation and an alternative activated macrophage phenotype. Taken together, we conclude that AA-induced injury represents a suitable and relatively easy model to induce acute and chronic kidney injury. Moreover, our data indicate that this model is appropriate and superior to study detailed questions associated with renal macrophage phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Honarpisheh
- Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Department of Nephrology, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Orestes Foresto-Neto
- Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Department of Nephrology, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Steiger
- Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Department of Nephrology, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Kraft
- Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Department of Nephrology, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Paulina Koehler
- Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Department of Nephrology, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Ekaterina von Rauchhaupt
- Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Department of Nephrology, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Potempa
- Departments of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karina Adamowicz
- Departments of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Koziel
- Departments of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Lech
- Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Department of Nephrology, LMU Munich, Germany. .,Departments of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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16
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Jiang K, Ponzo TA, Tang H, Mishra PK, Macura SI, Lerman LO. Multiparametric MRI detects longitudinal evolution of folic acid-induced nephropathy in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1252-F1260. [PMID: 30089037 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00128.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The rodent model of folic acid (FA)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) provides a useful model for studying human AKI, but little is known about longitudinal changes in renal hemodynamics and evolution of renal fibrosis in vivo. In this work, we aimed to longitudinally assess renal structural and functional changes using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ten adult mice were injected with FA, after which a multiparametric MRI was used to measure kidney volume, hypoxia index R2*, magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), perfusion, T1, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at 2 wk posttreatment. Then five mice were euthanized for histology, and the other five underwent MRI again at 4 wk, followed by histology. Control mice ( n = 5) were injected with vehicle and studied with MRI at 2 wk. Trichrome and hematoxylin-eosin staining were performed to assess FA-induced tissue injuries. Whereas kidney size and oxygenation showed progressive deterioration, a transient impairment in renal perfusion and normalized GFR slightly improved by 4 wk. Kidney fluid content, as reflected by T1, was prominent at 2 wk and tended to regress at 4 wk, consistent with observed tubular dilation. Trichrome staining revealed patchy necrosis and mild interstitial fibrosis at 2 wk, which exacerbated at 4 wk. MTR detected increased fibrosis at 4 wk. In conclusion, multiparametric MRI captured the longitudinal progression in kidney damage evolving within the first month after treatment with folic acid and may provide a useful tool for assessment of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jiang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tristan A Ponzo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hui Tang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Prasanna K Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Slobodan I Macura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
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17
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Anderson CE, Hamm LL, Batuman G, Kumbala DR, Chen CS, Kallu SG, Siriki R, Gadde S, Kleinpeter MA, Krane NK, Simon EE, He J, Chen J. The association of angiogenic factors and chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:117. [PMID: 29783932 PMCID: PMC5963107 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-0909-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited data on the associations of circulating angiogenic factors with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigate the associations of circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-1/VEGF-A ratio, VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR-1), VEGFR-2, and pentraxin-3 with CKD. METHODS We recruited 201 patients with CKD and 201 community controls without CKD from the greater New Orleans area. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or presence of albuminuria. Multivariable quantile and logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between angiogenesis-related factors and CKD adjusting for confounding factors. RESULTS After adjusting for covariables including traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, C-reactive protein, and history of CVD, the medians (interquartile range) were 133.08 (90.39, 204.15) in patients with CKD vs. 114.17 (72.45, 170.32) pg/mL in controls without CKD (p = 0.002 for group difference) for VEGF-A; 3951.2 (2471.9, 6656.6) vs. 4270.5 (2763.7, 6537.2) pg/mL (p = 0.70) for angiopoietin-1; 25.87 (18.09, 47.90) vs. 36.55 (25.71, 61.10) (p = 0.0001) for angiopoietin-1/VEGF-A ratio; 147.81 (122.94, 168.79) vs. 144.16 (123.74, 168.05) ng/mL (p = 0.25) for VEGFR-1; 26.20 (22.67, 29.92) vs. 26.28 (23.10, 29.69) ng/mL (p = 0.31) for VEGFR-2; and 1.01 (0.79, 1.49)vs. 0.89 (0.58, 1.18) ng/mL (p = 0.01) for pentraxin-3, respectively. In addition, an elevated VEGF-A level and decreased angiopoietin-1/VEGF-A ratio were associated with increased odds of CKD. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that plasma VEGF-A and pentraxin-3 levels were increased and the angiopoietin-1/VEGF-A ratio was decreased in patients with CKD. Future prospective studies are warranted to examine whether angiogenic factors play a role in progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E. Anderson
- 0000 0001 2217 8588grid.265219.bDepartment of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, room 1504, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - L. Lee Hamm
- 0000 0001 2217 8588grid.265219.bDepartment of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue SL45, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA ,0000 0001 2217 8588grid.265219.bTulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Gem Batuman
- 0000 0001 2217 8588grid.265219.bDepartment of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue SL45, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Damodar R. Kumbala
- 0000 0004 0608 1972grid.240416.5Department of Nephrology, Ochsner Health System, Ochsner Medical Center, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121 USA
| | - Chung-Shiuan Chen
- 0000 0001 2217 8588grid.265219.bDepartment of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, room 1504, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Swapna G. Kallu
- 0000 0001 2217 8588grid.265219.bDepartment of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue SL45, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Ravi Siriki
- 0000 0001 2217 8588grid.265219.bDepartment of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue SL45, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Shilpa Gadde
- 0000 0001 2217 8588grid.265219.bDepartment of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue SL45, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Myra A. Kleinpeter
- 0000 0001 2217 8588grid.265219.bDepartment of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue SL45, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - N. Kevin Krane
- 0000 0001 2217 8588grid.265219.bDepartment of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue SL45, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Eric E. Simon
- 0000 0001 2217 8588grid.265219.bDepartment of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue SL45, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Jiang He
- 0000 0001 2217 8588grid.265219.bDepartment of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, room 1504, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA ,0000 0001 2217 8588grid.265219.bDepartment of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue SL45, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA ,0000 0001 2217 8588grid.265219.bTulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Jing Chen
- 0000 0001 2217 8588grid.265219.bDepartment of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, room 1504, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA ,0000 0001 2217 8588grid.265219.bDepartment of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue SL45, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA ,0000 0001 2217 8588grid.265219.bTulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
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18
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Jung JH, Choi JE, Song JH, Ahn SH. Human CD36 overexpression in renal tubules accelerates the progression of renal diseases in a mouse model of folic acid-induced acute kidney injury. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2018; 37:30-40. [PMID: 29629275 PMCID: PMC5875574 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.2018.37.1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a risk factor for progression to chronic kidney disease, with even subclinical AKI episodes progressing to chronic kidney disease. Several risk factors such as preexisting kidney disease, hyperglycemia, and hypertension may aggravate renal disease after AKI. However, mechanisms underlying the progression of AKI are still unclear. This study identified the effect of human cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) overexpression on the progression of folic acid-induced AKI. Methods Pax8-rtTA/tetracycline response element-human CD36 transgenic mice were used to elucidate the effect of human CD36 overexpression in the proximal tubules on folic acid-induced AKI. Results Results of histological analysis showed severely dilated tubules with casts and albuminuria in folic acid-treated transgenic mice overexpressing human CD36 compared with folic acid-treated wild-type mice. In addition, analysis of mRNA expression showed a significant increase in the collagen 3a1 gene in folic acid-treated transgenic mice overexpressing human CD 36 compared with folic acid-treated wild type mice. Conclusion Human CD36-overexpressing transgenic mice showed severe pathological changes and albuminuria compared with wild-type mice. Moreover, mRNA expression of the collagen 3a1 gene increased in folic acid-treated transgenic mice. These results suggest that human CD36 overexpression is a risk factor of AKI and its progression to chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hwan Jung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Jee Eun Choi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Ju Hung Song
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Seon-Ho Ahn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
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19
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Yi H, Huang C, Shi Y, Cao Q, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Chen J, Pollock CA, Chen XM. Metformin attenuates folic-acid induced renal fibrosis in mice. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:7045-7054. [PMID: 29380373 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Progressive tubulointerstitial fibrosis has been recognized as a common pathological process that leads to the progression of all chronic kidney disease (CKD). Innovative strategies are needed to both prevent and treat CKD. Inflammatory and fibrotic signaling pathways play central roles in the progression of CKD regardless of aetiology. Hence, targeting inflammatory and fibrotic responses holds promise to limit renal fibrosis. Metformin has been the most prescribed glucose-lowering medicine worldwide, and its potential for many other therapeutic applications is also being explored intensively. Increasing evidence indicates metformin may limit renal fibrosis. However, the exact mechanisms whereby metformin limits renal injury are not fully understood. The anti-fibrotic effects of metformin, independent of improved glycaemic control was examined in a folic acid-induced mouse model of nephropathy for 14 days. Human proximal tubular cells (HK2 cells) exposed to TGF-β1 were used in in vitro models to examine mechanistic pathways. Folic acid induced nephropathy was associated with the overexpression of inflammatory markers MCP-1, F4/80, type IV collagen, fibronectin and TGF-β1 compared to control groups, which were partially attenuated by metformin treatment. In vitro studies confirmed that metformin inhibited TGF-β1 induced inflammatory and fibrotic responses through Smad3, ERK1/2, and P38 pathways in human renal proximal tubular cells. These results suggest that metoformin attenuates folic acid-induced renal interstitial fibrogenesis through TGF-β1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yi
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School-Northern University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chunling Huang
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School-Northern University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ying Shi
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School-Northern University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Qinghua Cao
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School-Northern University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yongli Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science &Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Jason Chen
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carol A Pollock
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School-Northern University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xin-Ming Chen
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School-Northern University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
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20
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Trivedi P, Kumar RK, Iyer A, Boswell S, Gerarduzzi C, Dadhania VP, Herbert Z, Joshi N, Luyendyk JP, Humphreys BD, Vaidya VS. Targeting Phospholipase D4 Attenuates Kidney Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:3579-3589. [PMID: 28814511 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016111222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D4 (PLD4), a single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, is among the most highly upregulated genes in murine kidneys subjected to chronic progressive fibrosis, but the function of PLD4 in this process is unknown. Here, we found PLD4 to be overexpressed in the proximal and distal tubular epithelial cells of murine and human kidneys after fibrosis. Genetic silencing of PLD4, either globally or conditionally in proximal tubular epithelial cells, protected mice from the development of fibrosis. Mechanistically, global knockout of PLD4 modulated innate and adaptive immune responses and attenuated the upregulation of the TGF-β signaling pathway and α1-antitrypsin protein (a serine protease inhibitor) expression and downregulation of neutrophil elastase (NE) expression induced by obstructive injury. In vitro, treatment with NE attenuated TGF-β-induced accumulation of fibrotic markers. Furthermore, therapeutic targeting of PLD4 using specific siRNA protected mice from folic acid-induced kidney fibrosis and inhibited the increase in TGF-β signaling, decrease in NE expression, and upregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry and coimmunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that PLD4 binds three proteins that interact with neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1, a receptor also known as TrkA that upregulates mitogen-activated protein kinase. PLD4 inhibition also prevented the folic acid-induced upregulation of this receptor in mouse kidneys. These results suggest inhibition of PLD4 as a novel therapeutic strategy to activate protease-mediated degradation of extracellular matrix and reverse fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Trivedi
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ramya K Kumar
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ashwin Iyer
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah Boswell
- Harvard Program in Therapeutic Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Casimiro Gerarduzzi
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vivekkumar P Dadhania
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Program in Therapeutic Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zach Herbert
- Molecular Biology Core Facilities, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nikita Joshi
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Benjamin D Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Vishal S Vaidya
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; .,Harvard Program in Therapeutic Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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21
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Choi SE, Jeon N, Choi HY, Shin JI, Jeong HJ, Lim BJ. Lysyl oxidase‑like 2 is expressed in kidney tissue and is associated with the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2477-2482. [PMID: 28677767 PMCID: PMC5548064 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a common end point of chronic kidney diseases, and preventing its progression is key to avoiding renal failure. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and associated molecules promote tubulointerstitial fibrosis; however, effective therapies targeting these molecules have yet to be developed. Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2), which is involved in invasive growth and metastasis of malignant neoplasms, has recently been reported to serve a key role in hepatic and pulmonary fibrosis. However, little is currently known regarding LOXL2 expression in the kidney and its involvement in tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The present study evaluated LOXL2 expression in human and mouse kidney tissues, as well as in cultured renal cells. LOXL2 protein expression was detected in glomerular capillary loops and tubular epithelial cells in human and mouse kidneys. Glomerular LOXL2 was localized to the cytoplasm of podocytes, as determined by double immunofluorescence microscopy using a podocyte marker (synaptopodin). This result was supported by western blot analysis, which demonstrated that LOXL2 protein expression is present in cultured human podocytes and HK-2 human proximal tubular cells. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of LOXL2 were higher in a mouse model of tubulointerstitial fibrosis compared with in control mice. In addition, immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that LOXL2 is present in the fibrous interstitium and infiltrating mononuclear cells in a mouse model of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The present study demonstrated that LOXL2 is expressed in compartments of renal tissue, where it appears to contribute to the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Choi
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Young Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Joo Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Jin Lim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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22
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Gerarduzzi C, Kumar RK, Trivedi P, Ajay AK, Iyer A, Boswell S, Hutchinson JN, Waikar SS, Vaidya VS. Silencing SMOC2 ameliorates kidney fibrosis by inhibiting fibroblast to myofibroblast transformation. JCI Insight 2017; 2:90299. [PMID: 28422762 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted modular calcium-binding protein 2 (SMOC2) belongs to the secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) family of matricellular proteins whose members are known to modulate cell-matrix interactions. We report that SMOC2 is upregulated in the kidney tubular epithelial cells of mice and humans following fibrosis. Using genetically manipulated mice with SMOC2 overexpression or knockdown, we show that SMOC2 is critically involved in the progression of kidney fibrosis. Mechanistically, we found that SMOC2 activates a fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT) to stimulate stress fiber formation, proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix production. Furthermore, we demonstrate that targeting SMOC2 by siRNA results in attenuation of TGFβ1-mediated FMT in vitro and an amelioration of kidney fibrosis in mice. These findings implicate that SMOC2 is a key signaling molecule in the pathological secretome of a damaged kidney and targeting SMOC2 offers a therapeutic strategy for inhibiting FMT-mediated kidney fibrosis - an unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casimiro Gerarduzzi
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ramya K Kumar
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Priyanka Trivedi
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amrendra K Ajay
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashwin Iyer
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah Boswell
- Harvard Program in Therapeutic Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Sushrut S Waikar
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vishal S Vaidya
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Program in Therapeutic Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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23
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Rak-Raszewska A, Vainio S. Nephrogenesis in organoids to develop novel drugs and progenitor cell based therapies. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 790:3-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Bajwa A, Huang L, Kurmaeva E, Ye H, Dondeti KR, Chroscicki P, Foley LS, Balogun ZA, Alexander KJ, Park H, Lynch KR, Rosin DL, Okusa MD. Sphingosine Kinase 2 Deficiency Attenuates Kidney Fibrosis via IFN- γ. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:1145-1161. [PMID: 27799486 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016030306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maladaptive repair after AKI may lead to progressive fibrosis and decline in kidney function. Sphingosine 1-phosphate has an important role in kidney injury and pleiotropic effects in fibrosis. We investigated the involvement of sphingosine kinase 1 and 2 (SphK1 and SphK2), which phosphorylate sphingosine to produce sphingosine 1-phosphate, in kidney fibrosis induced by folic acid (FA) or unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Analysis of Masson trichrome staining and fibrotic marker protein and mRNA expression 14 days after AKI revealed that wild-type (WT) and Sphk1-/- mice exhibited more kidney fibrosis than Sphk2-/- mice. Furthermore, kidneys of FA-treated WT and Sphk1-/- mice had greater immune cell infiltration and expression of fibrotic and inflammatory markers than kidneys of FA-treated Sphk2-/- mice. In contrast, kidneys of Sphk2-/- mice exhibited greater expression of Ifng and IFN-γ-responsive genes (Cxcl9 and Cxcl10) than kidneys of WT or Sphk1-/- mice did at this time point. Splenic T cells from untreated Sphk2-/- mice were hyperproliferative and produced more IFN-γ than did those of WT or Sphk1-/- mice. IFN-γ blocking antibody administered to Sphk2-/- mice or deletion of Ifng (Sphk2-/-Ifng-/- mice) blocked the protective effect of SphK2 deficiency in fibrosis. Moreover, adoptive transfer of Sphk2-/- (but not Sphk2-/-Ifng-/- ) CD4 T cells into WT mice blocked FA-induced fibrosis. Finally, a selective SphK2 inhibitor blocked FA-induced kidney fibrosis in WT mice. These studies demonstrate that SphK2 inhibition may serve as a novel therapeutic approach for attenuating kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Bajwa
- Division of Nephrology, .,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Liping Huang
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Elvira Kurmaeva
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Hong Ye
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Krishna R Dondeti
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Piotr Chroscicki
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Leah S Foley
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Z Ayoade Balogun
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Kyle J Alexander
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Hojung Park
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Kevin R Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Diane L Rosin
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Mark D Okusa
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
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25
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Brzóska HŁ, d'Esposito AM, Kolatsi-Joannou M, Patel V, Igarashi P, Lei Y, Finnell RH, Lythgoe MF, Woolf AS, Papakrivopoulou E, Long DA. Planar cell polarity genes Celsr1 and Vangl2 are necessary for kidney growth, differentiation, and rostrocaudal patterning. Kidney Int 2016; 90:1274-1284. [PMID: 27597235 PMCID: PMC5126096 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian kidney contains nephrons comprising glomeruli and tubules joined to ureteric bud-derived collecting ducts. It has a characteristic bean-like shape, with near-complete rostrocaudal symmetry around the hilum. Here we show that Celsr1, a planar cell polarity (PCP) gene implicated in neural tube morphogenesis, is required for ureteric tree growth in early development and later in gestation prevents tubule overgrowth. We also found an interaction between Celsr1 and Vangl2 (another PCP gene) in ureteric tree growth, most marked in the caudal compartment of the kidneys from compound heterozygous mutant mice with a stunted rump. Furthermore, these genes together are required for the maturation of glomeruli. Interestingly, we demonstrated patients with CELSR1 mutations and spina bifida can have significant renal malformations. Thus, PCP genes are important in mammalian kidney development and have an unexpected role in rostrocaudal patterning during organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hortensja Ł Brzóska
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Angela M d'Esposito
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Kolatsi-Joannou
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Vishal Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern School of Medicine, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Peter Igarashi
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yunping Lei
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adrian S Woolf
- Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Eugenia Papakrivopoulou
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
| | - David A Long
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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26
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Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is the main cause of end-stage renal failure in the Western world. In diabetes, metabolic and haemodynamic perturbations disrupt the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier, leading to ultrastructural alterations of the glomeruli, including podocyte foot process fusion and detachment, glomerular basement membrane thickening, reduced endothelial cell glycocalyx, and mesangial extracellular matrix accumulation and glomerulosclerosis, ultimately leading to albuminuria and end-stage renal disease. Many vascular growth factors, such as angiopoietins, are implicated in glomerular biology. In normal physiology angiopoietins regulate the function of the glomerular filtration barrier. When they are dysregulated, however, as they are in diabetes, they drive the cellular mechanisms that mediate diabetic glomerular pathology. Modulation of angiopoietins expression and signalling has been proposed as a tool to correct the cellular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of diabetic microvascular disease, such as retinopathy in humans. Future work might evaluate whether this novel therapeutic approach should be extended to diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Gnudi
- Unit for Metabolic Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College London, 3rd Floor Franklin-Wilkins Building, Waterloo Campus, Stamford Street, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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27
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Singh S, Manson SR, Lee H, Kim Y, Liu T, Guo Q, Geminiani JJ, Austin PF, Chen YM. Tubular Overexpression of Angiopoietin-1 Attenuates Renal Fibrosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158908. [PMID: 27454431 PMCID: PMC4959721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has highlighted the pivotal role of microvasculature injury in the development and progression of renal fibrosis. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) is a secreted vascular growth factor that binds to the endothelial-specific Tie2 receptor. Ang-1/Tie2 signaling is critical for regulating blood vessel development and modulating vascular response after injury, but is dispensable in mature, quiescent vessels. Although dysregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling has been well studied in renal pathologies, much less is known about the role of the Ang-1/Tie2 pathway in renal interstitial fibrosis. Previous studies have shown contradicting effects of overexpressing Ang-1 systemically on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis when different engineered forms of Ang-1 are used. Here, we investigated the impact of site-directed expression of native Ang-1 on the renal fibrogenic process and peritubular capillary network by exploiting a conditional transgenic mouse system [Pax8-rtTA/(TetO)7 Ang-1] that allows increased tubular Ang-1 production in adult mice. Using a murine unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) fibrosis model, we demonstrate that targeted Ang-1 overexpression attenuates myofibroblast activation and interstitial collagen I accumulation, inhibits the upregulation of transforming growth factor β1 and subsequent phosphorylation of Smad 2/3, dampens renal inflammation, and stimulates the growth of peritubular capillaries in the obstructed kidney. Our results suggest that Ang-1 is a potential therapeutic agent for targeting microvasculature injury in renal fibrosis without compromising the physiologically normal vasculature in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Singh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Scott R. Manson
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Heedoo Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Yeawon Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Tuoen Liu
- Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Qiusha Guo
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Julio J. Geminiani
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Paul F. Austin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Ying Maggie Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Abstract
Kidney glomeruli ultrafilter blood to generate urine and they are dysfunctional in a variety of kidney diseases. There are two key vascular growth factor families implicated in glomerular biology and function, namely the vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and the angiopoietins (Angpt). We present examples showing not only how these molecules help generate and maintain healthy glomeruli but also how they drive disease when their expression is dysregulated. Finally, we review how manipulating VEGF and Angpt signalling may be used to treat glomerular disease.
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29
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Burgos-Silva M, Semedo-Kuriki P, Donizetti-Oliveira C, Costa PB, Cenedeze MA, Hiyane MI, Pacheco-Silva A, Câmara NOS. Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells Reduce Acute and Chronic Kidney Damage in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142183. [PMID: 26565621 PMCID: PMC4643882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic kidney injuries (AKI and CKI) constitute syndromes responsible for a large part of renal failures, and are today still associated with high mortality rates. Given the lack of more effective therapies, there has been intense focus on the use stem cells for organ protective and regenerative effects. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown great potential in the treatment of various diseases of immune character, although there is still debate on its mechanism of action. Thus, for a greater understanding of the role of MSCs, we evaluated the effect of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (AdSCs) in an experimental model of nephrotoxicity induced by folic acid (FA) in FVB mice. AdSC-treated animals displayed kidney functional improvement 24h after therapy, represented by reduced serum urea after FA. These data correlated with cell cycle regulation and immune response modulation via reduced chemokine expression and reduced neutrophil infiltrate. Long-term analyses, 4 weeks after FA, indicated that AdSC treatment reduced kidney fibrosis and chronic inflammation. These were demonstrated by reduced interstitial collagen deposition and tissue chemokine and cytokine expression. Thus, we concluded that AdSC treatment played a protective role in the framework of nephrotoxic injury via modulation of inflammation and cell cycle regulation, resulting in reduced kidney damage and functional improvement, inhibiting organ fibrosis and providing long-term immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Burgos-Silva
- Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Immunology-Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Meire Ioshie Hiyane
- Department of Immunology-Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Pacheco-Silva
- Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Immunology-Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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30
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Corrêa RRM, Pucci KRM, Rocha LP, Pereira Júnior CD, Helmo FR, Machado JR, Rocha LB, Rodrigues ARA, Glória MA, Guimarães CSO, Câmara NOS, Reis MA. Acute kidney injury and progression of renal failure after fetal programming in the offspring of diabetic rats. Pediatr Res 2015; 77:440-6. [PMID: 25521920 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diseases of adulthood, such as diabetes and hypertension, may be related to changes during pregnancy, particularly in kidney. We hypothesized that acute kidney injury progresses more rapidly in cases of fetal programming. METHODS Diabetic dams' offspring were divided into: CC (controls, receiving vehicle); DC (diabetics, receiving vehicle); CA (controls receiving folic Acid solution, 250 mg/kg); and DA (diabetics receiving folic acid solution). Renal function tests, morphometry, gene, and protein expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were analyzed by qPCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS Creatinine, urea, Bowman's space, and EMT markers were increased in CA and DA groups. TGF-β3, actin, and fibronectin expression was higher in CA and DA, with significant increase in DA compared to CA 2-mo offspring. There was higher expression level of TGF-β1, TGF-β3, fibronectin, and vimentin in the offspring of diabetic dams at 5 mo. Increases in TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 were more evident in the offspring of diabetic dams. CONCLUSION Fetal programming promotes remarkable changes in kidney morphology, and function in offspring and renal failure progression may be faster in younger offspring of diabetic dams subjected to an additional injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana R M Corrêa
- General Pathology Discipline, Department of Genetics, Ecology and General Pathology. Biological and Natural Sciences Institute, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Karla R M Pucci
- General Pathology Discipline, Department of Genetics, Ecology and General Pathology. Biological and Natural Sciences Institute, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Laura P Rocha
- General Pathology Discipline, Department of Genetics, Ecology and General Pathology. Biological and Natural Sciences Institute, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Carlos D Pereira Júnior
- General Pathology Discipline, Department of Genetics, Ecology and General Pathology. Biological and Natural Sciences Institute, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Helmo
- General Pathology Discipline, Department of Genetics, Ecology and General Pathology. Biological and Natural Sciences Institute, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Juliana R Machado
- General Pathology Discipline, Department of Genetics, Ecology and General Pathology. Biological and Natural Sciences Institute, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Lenaldo B Rocha
- General Pathology Discipline, Department of Genetics, Ecology and General Pathology. Biological and Natural Sciences Institute, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Aldo R A Rodrigues
- Discipline of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Pharmacology, Physiology and Chemical, Biological and Natural Sciences Institute, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Maria A Glória
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila S O Guimarães
- General Pathology Discipline, Department of Genetics, Ecology and General Pathology. Biological and Natural Sciences Institute, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Câmara
- 1] Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil [2] Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlene A Reis
- General Pathology Discipline, Department of Genetics, Ecology and General Pathology. Biological and Natural Sciences Institute, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Brazil
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31
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Renal ischemia-reperfusion induces release of angiopoietin-2 from human grafts of living and deceased donors. Transplantation 2014; 96:282-9. [PMID: 23839000 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31829854d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent insights suggest that endothelial cell (EC) activation plays a major role in renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Interactions between ECs and pericytes via signaling molecules, including angiopoietins, are involved in maintenance of the vascular integrity. Experimental data have shown that enhancement of Angiopoietin (Ang)-1 signaling might be beneficial in renal I/R injury. However, little is known about the role of angiopoietins in human renal I/R injury. METHODS In this study, EC activation and changes in angiopoeitins are assessed in human living-donor (LD) and deceased-donor (DD) kidney transplantation. Local release of angiopoietins was measured by unique, dynamic arteriovenous measurements over the reperfused kidney. RESULTS Renal I/R is associated with acute EC activation shown by a vast Ang-2 release from both LD and DD shortly after reperfusion. Its counterpart Ang-1 was not released. Histologic analysis of kidney biopsies showed EC loss after reperfusion. Baseline protein and mRNA Ang-1 expression was significantly reduced in DD compared with LD and declined further after reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS Human renal I/R injury induces EC activation after reperfusion reflected by Ang-2 release from the kidney. Interventions aimed at maintenance of vascular integrity by modulating angiopoietin signaling may be promising in human clinical kidney transplantation.
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Hinamoto N, Maeshima Y, Saito D, Yamasaki H, Tanabe K, Nasu T, Watatani H, Ujike H, Kinomura M, Sugiyama H, Sonoda H, Sato Y, Makino H. Urinary and plasma levels of vasohibin-1 can predict renal functional deterioration in patients with renal disorders. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96932. [PMID: 24915146 PMCID: PMC4051610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasohibin-1 (VASH-1) is a negative feedback regulator of angiogenesis, and a small vasohibin-binding protein (SVBP) serves as its secretory chaperone and contributes to its antiangiogenic effects. In the present study, we aimed to define the clinical significance of VASH-1 and SVBP in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We recruited 67 Japanese hospitalized patients with renal disorders with (n = 45) or without (n = 22) renal biopsy samples and 10 Japanese healthy controls. We evaluated the correlations between the plasma and urinary levels of VASH-1/VASH-1-SVBP complex/SVBP and the clinicopathological parameters. The plasma levels of VASH-1 were inversely correlated with age and systolic and diastolic blood pressure and positively correlated with crescent formation. Increased plasma and urinary levels of VASH-1 and VASH-1-SVBP complex were significantly correlated with worse renal outcomes. These results demonstrate an association between elevated urinary and plasma levels of VASH-1 and progressive decline of the renal function, thus suggesting a potential role for VASH-1 in predicting a worse renal prognosis in patients with renal disease, including CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Hinamoto
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yohei Maeshima
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Chronic Kidney Disease and cardiovascular disease, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Daisuke Saito
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamasaki
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Tanabe
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tatsuyo Nasu
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watatani
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Haruyo Ujike
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaru Kinomura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Center for Chronic Kidney Disease and Peritoneal Dialysis, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hikaru Sonoda
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Sato
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Makino
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Edwards JC, Bruno J, Key P, Cheng YW. Absence of chloride intracellular channel 4 (CLIC4) predisposes to acute kidney injury but has minimal impact on recovery. BMC Nephrol 2014; 15:54. [PMID: 24708746 PMCID: PMC4234247 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-15-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CLIC4, a member of the CLIC family of proteins, was recently demonstrated to translocate to the nucleus in differentiating keratinocytes where it potentiates TGFβ-driven gene regulation. Since TGFβ signaling is known to play important roles in the fibrotic response to acute kidney injury, and since CLIC4 is abundantly expressed in kidney, we hypothesized that CLIC4 may play a role in the response to acute kidney injury. Methods Previously described Clic4 null mice were analyzed for the effect of absence of CLIC4 on growth, development and response to kidney injury. Kidney size, glomerular counts and density of peritubular capillaries of matched WT and Clic4 null mice were determined. Cohorts of WT and Clic4 null mice were subjected to the folic acid model of acute kidney injury. Extent of acute injury and long term functional recovery were assessed by plasma blood urea nitrogen (BUN); long term fibrosis/scarring was determined by histochemical assessment of kidney sections and by residual renal mass. Activation of the TGFβ signaling pathway was assessed by semi-quantitative western blots of phosphorylated SMADs 2 and 3. Results CLIC4 is abundantly expressed in the apical pole of renal proximal tubule cells, and in endothelial cells of glomerular and peritubular capillaries. CLIC4 null mice are small, have smaller kidneys with fewer glomeruli and less dense peritubular capillary networks, and have increased proteinuria. The Clic4 null mice show increased susceptibility to folic acid-induced acute kidney injury but no difference in recovery from acute injury, no nuclear redistribution of CLIC4 following injury, and no significant difference in activation of the TGFβ-signaling pathway as reflected in the level of phosphorylation of SMADs 2 and 3. Conclusions Absence of CLIC4 results in morphologic changes consistent with its known role in angiogenesis. These changes may be at least partially responsible for the increased susceptibility to acute kidney injury. However, the absence of CLIC4 has no significant impact on the extent of functional recovery or fibrosis following acute injury, indicating that CLIC4 does not play a major non-redundant role in the TGFβ signaling involved in response to acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Edwards
- Kidney Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, USA.
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Lee D, Shenoy S, Nigatu Y, Plotkin M. Id proteins regulate capillary repair and perivascular cell proliferation following ischemia-reperfusion injury. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88417. [PMID: 24516656 PMCID: PMC3917915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) results in microvascular damage that if not normally repaired, may lead to fibrosis. The Id1 and 3 proteins have a critical role in promoting angiogenesis during development, tumor growth and wound repair by functioning as dominant negative regulators of bHLH transcription factors. The goal of this study was to determine if Id proteins regulate microvascular repair and remodeling and if increased Id1 expression results in decreased capillary loss following AKI. The effect of changes in Id expression in vivo was examined using Id1−/−, Id3RFP/+ (Id1/Id3 KO) and Tek (Tie2)-rtTA, TRE-lacz/TRE Id1 (TRE Id1) mice with doxycycline inducible endothelial Id1 and β-galactosidase expression. Id1 and 3 were co-localized in endothelial cells in normal adult kidneys and protein levels were increased at day 3 following ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and contralateral nephrectomy. Id1/Id3 KO mice had decreased baseline capillary density and pericyte coverage and increased tubular damage following IRI but decreased interstitial cell proliferation and fibrosis compared with WT littermates. No compensatory increase in kidney size occurred in KO mice resulting in increased creatinine compared with WT and TRE Id1 mice. TRE Id1 mice had no capillary rarefaction within 1 week following IRI in comparison with WT littermates. TRE Id1 mice had increased proliferation of PDGFRβ positive interstitial cells and medullary collagen deposition and developed capillary rarefaction and albuminuria at later time points. These differences were associated with increased Angiopoietin 1 (Ang1) and decreased Ang2 expression in TRE Id1 mice. Examination of gene expression in microvascular cells isolated from WT, Id1/Id3 KO and TRE Id1 mice showed increased Ang1 and αSMA in Id1 overexpressing cells and decreased pericyte markers in cells from KO mice. These results suggest that increased Id levels following AKI result in microvascular remodeling associated with increased fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lee
- Department of Medicine, Renal Research Division, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Shantheri Shenoy
- Department of Medicine, Renal Research Division, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Yezina Nigatu
- Department of Medicine, Renal Research Division, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Matt Plotkin
- Department of Medicine, Renal Research Division, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Long DA, Kolatsi-Joannou M, Price KL, Dessapt-Baradez C, Huang JL, Papakrivopoulou E, Hubank M, Korstanje R, Gnudi L, Woolf AS. Albuminuria is associated with too few glomeruli and too much testosterone. Kidney Int 2013; 83:1118-29. [PMID: 23447063 PMCID: PMC3674403 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Normally, the glomerular filtration barrier almost completely excludes circulating albumin from entering the urine. Genetic variation and both pre- and postnatal environmental factors may affect albuminuria in humans. Here we determine whether glomerular gene expression in mouse strains with naturally occurring variations in albuminuria would allow identification of proteins deregulated in relatively 'leaky' glomeruli. Albuminuria increased in female B6 to male B6 to female FVB/N to male FVB/N mice, whereas the number of glomeruli/kidney was the exact opposite. Testosterone administration led to increased albuminuria in female B6 but not female FVB/N mice. A common set of 39 genes, many expressed in podocytes, were significantly differentially expressed in each of the four comparisons: male versus female B6 mice, male versus female FVB/N mice, male FVB/N versus male B6 mice, and female FVB/N versus female B6 mice. The transcripts encoded proteins involved in oxidation/reduction reactions, ion transport, and enzymes involved in detoxification. These proteins may represent novel biomarkers and even therapeutic targets for early kidney and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Long
- Nephro-Urology Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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Peng ZY, Zhou F, Wang HZ, Wen XY, Nolin TD, Bishop JV, Kellum JA. The anti-oxidant effects are not the main mechanism for glutamine's protective effects on acute kidney injury in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 705:11-9. [PMID: 23454558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common problem characterized by an inflammatory response in the kidney and oxidative stress. However, there are no interventions to prevent AKI. Glutamine is an important precursor of glutathione and has also been shown to induce heat shock proteins (HSP). Thus, glutamine may affect both oxidative stress and inflammation. This study was to explore the effects of glutamine pretreatment on nephrotoxic AKI and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. First, the effects of alternate doses of glutamine were compared in CD-1 mice with AKI induced with folic acid intra-peritoneal injection. Then the effects of glutamine quercetin (an HSP inhibitor), and quercetin+glutamine, were compared in the same AKI model. AKI were assessed with plasma creatinine, urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and renal histology. Inflammatory response was monitored with renal tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), chemkines (CXCL1 and CCL2) contents, and neutrophil infiltration. Oxidative injury was detected with reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, and protein thiol. Glutamine provided dose-dependent renal protection. Pretreatment with quercetin, which was showed to inhibit HSP-70 expression, abolished glutamine's renal-protective effects. Quercetin also abrogated glutamine's beneficial effects on renal TNF-α, chemokines, and neutrophil infiltration. However, quercetin did not affect glutamine's anti-oxidative effects. These results suggest that glutamine's renal-protective effects are mainly related to its activation of HSP-70, which mitigates inflammatory response, renal neutrophil infiltration and subsequent AKI. Regulating neutrophil infiltration might be a potential therapeutic target for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Peng
- The CRISMA (Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness) Center Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Shroff RC, Price KL, Kolatsi-Joannou M, Todd AF, Wells D, Deanfield J, Johnson RJ, Rees L, Woolf AS, Long DA. Circulating angiopoietin-2 is a marker for early cardiovascular disease in children on chronic dialysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56273. [PMID: 23409162 PMCID: PMC3568077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasingly recognised as a complication of childhood chronic kidney disease (CKD) even in the absence of diabetes and hypertension. We hypothesized that an alteration in angiopoietin-1 and -2, growth factors which regulate endothelial and vascular function could be involved. We report that the endothelial survival factor, angiopoietin-1 is low in children with pre-dialysis CKD whereas the pro-inflammatory angiopoietin-2 is elevated in children on dialysis. In dialysis patients, angiopoietin-2 positively correlated with time on dialysis, systolic blood pressure, and carotid artery intima media thickness. Elevated angiopoietin-2 levels in dialysis versus pre-dialysis CKD patients were also associated with an anti-angiogenic (high soluble VEGFR-1 and low VEGF-A) and pro-inflammatory (high urate, E-selectin, P-selectin and VCAM-1) milieu. Ang-2 was immunodetected in arterial biopsy samples whilst the expression of VEGF-A was significantly downregulated in dialysis patients. Serum urate correlated with angiopoietin-2 levels in dialysis patients and addition of uric acid was able to induce rapid release of angiopoietin-2 from cultured endothelial cells. Thus, angiopoietin-2 is a marker for cardiovascular disease in children on chronic dialysis and may act as an anti-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory effector in this context. The possibility that the release of angiopoietin-2 from endothelia is mediated by urate should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukshana C. Shroff
- Nephro-Urology Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen L. Price
- Nephro-Urology Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Kolatsi-Joannou
- Nephro-Urology Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra F. Todd
- Nephro-Urology Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Wells
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Deanfield
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Outcomes, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lesley Rees
- Nephro-Urology Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian S. Woolf
- Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester and the Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Long
- Nephro-Urology Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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N-acetylcysteine is effective for prevention but not for treatment of folic acid-induced acute kidney injury in mice. Crit Care Med 2011; 39:2487-94. [PMID: 21705900 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e31822575fc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is controversy regarding the benefits of N-acetylcysteine in acute kidney injury. This study was to compare three commonly used regimens and explore which regimen is best for the protection of acute kidney injury. DESIGN Prospective experimental study. SETTING University research laboratory. INTERVENTIONS Acute kidney injury was induced with folic acid intraperitoneal injection in mice. Mice in pretreatment were treated with a subcutaneous injection of N-acetylcysteine before the folic acid injection. Mice in posttreatment were treated with N-acetylcysteine after folic acid. Mice in pre- + posttreatment were treated with N-acetylcysteine before folic acid and after folic acid. Placebo mice received vehicle only using the pre- + posttreatment protocol. Fourteen healthy animals were given N-acetylcysteine to evaluate for toxicity and the other 24 mice subjected to folic acid were killed for kidney histology and analysis for oxidative injury. The same studies were also carried out in milder acute kidney injury (lower folic acid) model. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Plasma concentrations of creatinine, cystatin C, and reduced glutathione were measured. Survival time was assessed up to 7 days. The survival rates in N-acetylcysteine pretreatment mice were significantly better (73.33% vs. 46.67%, p < .04) and acute kidney injury was significantly less compared with placebo. However, mice with posttreatment exhibited significantly worse survival and more severe acute kidney injury. Histologic findings were consistent with functional parameters. Glutathione levels decreased less in N-acetylcysteine pretreatment but also increased beginning on day 2 compared with placebo (11.5 vs. 8.1 μg/mL, p < .05). Glutathione levels did not increase in N-acetylcysteine posttreatment. However, three different N-acetylcysteine interventions neither significantly improved nor worsened renal function in the milder acute kidney injury model. CONCLUSION N-acetylcysteine pretreatment was effective in reducing the incidence and severity of acute kidney injury as well as in increasing survival. However, N-acetylcysteine posttreatment worsened folic acid toxicity. Only pretreatment was effective in increasing glutathione. These data may help explain the variation from clinical studies of N-acetylcysteine use.
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Kolatsi-Joannou M, Price KL, Winyard PJ, Long DA. Modified citrus pectin reduces galectin-3 expression and disease severity in experimental acute kidney injury. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18683. [PMID: 21494626 PMCID: PMC3072992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside binding lectin with roles in diverse processes including proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation and fibrosis which are dependent on different domains of the molecule and subcellular distribution. Although galectin-3 is known to be upregulated in acute kidney injury, the relative importance of its different domains and functions are poorly understood in the underlying pathogenesis. Therefore we experimentally modulated galectin-3 in folic acid (FA)-induced acute kidney injury utilising modified citrus pectin (MCP), a derivative of pectin which can bind to the galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain thereby predominantly antagonising functions linked to this role. Mice were pre-treated with normal or 1% MCP-supplemented drinking water one week before FA injection. During the initial injury phase, all FA-treated mice lost weight whilst their kidneys enlarged secondary to the renal insult; these gross changes were significantly lessened in the MCP group but this was not associated with significant changes in galectin-3 expression. At a histological level, MCP clearly reduced renal cell proliferation but did not affect apoptosis. Later, during the recovery phase at two weeks, MCP-treated mice demonstrated reduced galectin-3 in association with decreased renal fibrosis, macrophages, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and apoptosis. Other renal galectins, galectin-1 and -9, were unchanged. Our data indicates that MCP is protective in experimental nephropathy with modulation of early proliferation and later galectin-3 expression, apoptosis and fibrosis. This raises the possibility that MCP may be a novel strategy to reduce renal injury in the long term, perhaps via carbohydrate binding-related functions of galectin-3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen L. Price
- Nephro-Urology Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J. Winyard
- Nephro-Urology Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Long
- Nephro-Urology Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Maeshima Y, Makino H. Angiogenesis and chronic kidney disease. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2010; 3:13. [PMID: 20687922 PMCID: PMC2924264 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-3-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The number of patients requiring renal replacement therapy due to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is increasing worldwide. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the importance of CKD as a risk factor in development of ESRD and in complicating cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been confirmed. In recent years, the involvement of angiogenesis-related factors in the progression of CKD has been studied, and the potential therapeutic effects on CKD of modulating these factors have been identified. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, a potent pro-angiogenic factor, is involved in the development of the kidney, in maintenance of the glomerular capillary structure and filtration barrier, and in the renal repair process after injury. VEGF-A is also involved in the development of early diabetic nephropathy, demonstrated by the therapeutic effects of anti-VEGF-A antibody. Angiopoietin (Ang)-1 induces the maturation of newly formed blood vessels, and the therapeutic effects of Ang-1 in diabetic nephropathy have been described. In experimental models of diabetic nephropathy, the therapeutic effects of angiogenesis inhibitors, including angiostatin, endostatin and tumstatin peptides, the isocoumarin NM-3, and vasohibin-1, have been reported. Further analysis of the involvement of angiogenesis-related factors in the development of CKD is required. Determining the disease stage at which therapy is most effective and developing an effective drug delivery system targeting the kidney will be essential for pro-or anti-angiogenic strategies for patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Maeshima
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
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Yang X, Liu L. The role of angiopoietin-1 and thrombospondin-1 in the kidney of rats subject to 5/6 nephrectomy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 29:557-62. [PMID: 19821086 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-009-0506-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The expression of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) in 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy (STN) rats model, and its correlation to the renal microvasculature injury were investigated. Rat 5/6 STN model was established in adult male SD rats, and the sham-operated group and 5/6 STN group were set up. The renal function and histopathological changes were examined at the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th week after operation. The expression of Ang-1, TSP-1 and CD31 in renal tissues was detected by using immunohistochemistry. From 2nd to 8th week after operation, Ang-1 was significantly expressed in glomeruli of rats with STN. Ang-1 staining in glomeruli of STN group was increased significantly as compared with that in sham-operated group at 4th and 8th week after operation, and subsequently decreased after the 12th week. The expression of TSP-1 was increased significantly in STN group. As compared with sham-operated group, the CD31 expression was significantly down-regulated from the 2nd week. The expression of Ang-1 mRNA was detected by using RT-PCR at the same time points. The expression of Ang-1 mRNA in renal tissue of rats with STN was significantly up-regulated at the 2nd, 4th and 8th week after operation as compared with that in STN group at other time points or in sham-operated group at the same time points, while decreased evidently at the 12th week as compared with that in sham-operated group. It is concluded that there are changes in the mRNA expression of Ang-1, and the significant up-regulation of the expression of TSP-1 in renal tissue of rats with STN, which may be involved in the remnant renal microvasculature injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Woolf AS, Gnudi L, Long DA. Roles of angiopoietins in kidney development and disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 20:239-44. [PMID: 18799719 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2008020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietins are a family of growth factors, the best studied being angiopoietin 1 (Ang-1), which binds to and tyrosine-phosphorylates endothelial Tie-2, causing enhanced survival and cell-cell stabilization. Ang-2 and Tie-1 downregulate Ang-1-induced Tie-2 signaling, and angiopoietin actions are further modified by vascular endothelial growth factor A and integrins. Metanephric capillaries express Tie genes, whereas metanephric mesenchyme, maturing tubules, and mature podocytes express Ang-1. Ang-1 null embryos begin to form blood vessels, but subsequent vascular remodeling fails, and analyses of chimeric wild-type/Tie null mutant embryos show that Tie genes are needed for renal endothelial survival. Ang-2 is transiently expressed in renal arterial smooth muscle and mesangial cells, and tubules around adult vasa rectae express Ang-2. Ang-2 null mice have increased pericytes around kidney cortical peritubular capillaries, perhaps an indirect consequence of upregulated Tie-2 signaling. Ang-1 therapies attenuate peritubular capillary loss in adult models of tubulointerstitial disease, although, in one study, this was accompanied by enhanced inflammation and fibrosis. Podocyte-directed Ang-2 transgenic overexpression causes glomerular endothelial apoptosis, downregulated nephrin expression, and increased albuminuria, and glomerular Ang-2 is upregulated in hyperglycemic and immune-mediated glomerulopathies. Thus, angiopoietins affect podocyte as well as glomerular endothelial biology, and imbalanced angiopoietin signaling contributes to glomerular pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian S Woolf
- Nephro-Urology Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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Kim W. The role of angiopoietin-1 in kidney disease. Electrolyte Blood Press 2008; 6:22-6. [PMID: 24459518 PMCID: PMC3894484 DOI: 10.5049/ebp.2008.6.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury to the renal microvasculature and inflammatory process may be major factors in the progression of renal disease, therefore, protection of the renal endothelial cell and regulation of inflammatory process may be an important therapeutic target of renal disease. Thus, we evaluated the protective effect of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein-angiopoietin-1 (COMP-Ang1) in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal fibrosis, cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced renal injury, and the diabetic nephropathy model. In the UUO model, morphologic examination indicated less tubular injury and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mice that received COMP-Ang1 compared to vehicle-treated mice. Interstitial type I collagen, myofibroblast accumulation, renal surface microvasculature and renal blood flow were higher after treatment with COMP-Ang1 compared to vehicle-treated mice. COMP-Ang1 treatment decreased monocyte/macrophage infiltration, tissue levels of transforming growth factor β1, and Smad 2/3 phosphorylation and increased Smad 7 in the obstructed kidney. In CsA-induced renal injury, histologic examination showed significantly decreased CsA-induced tubular damage and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in COMP-Ang1 treated mice. COMP-Ang1 administration also decreased increased macrophage infiltration, adhesion molecule expression, TGF-β1, and Smad 2/3 levels in CsA-treated kidneys, while increasing Smad 7 levels. Laser-Doppler sonographic findings and endothelial factor VIII staining revealed that COMP-Ang1 had a preservative effect on peritubular vasculature. In the diabetic nephropathy model, COMP-Ang1 reduced albuminuria and decreased mesangial expansion, thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and podocyte foot process broadening and effacement. COMP-Ang1 may delay the fibrotic changes in the kidney of diabetic db/db mice through its anti-inflammatory or metabolic effects. In conclusion, COMP-Ang1 may be an endothelium-specific and anti-inflammatory therapeutic modality in fibrotic renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
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45
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Long DA, Price KL, Ioffe E, Gannon CM, Gnudi L, White KE, Yancopoulos GD, Rudge JS, Woolf AS. Angiopoietin-1 therapy enhances fibrosis and inflammation following folic acid-induced acute renal injury. Kidney Int 2008; 74:300-9. [PMID: 18480750 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2008.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The loss of interstitial capillaries is a feature of several experimental models of renal disease and this contributes to secondary kidney injury. Angiopoietin-1 is a secreted growth factor which binds to Tie-2 present on endothelia to enhance cell survival thereby stabilizing capillary architecture in-vitro. Previous studies showed that angiopoietin-1 prevented renal capillary and interstitial lesions following experimental ureteric obstruction. We tested here the effect of angiopoietin-1 treatment on capillary loss and associated tubulointerstitial damage known to follow recovery from folic acid-induced tubular necrosis and acute renal injury. We found that delivery of angiopoietin-1 by adenoviral vectors stabilized peritubular capillaries in folic acid nephropathy but this was accompanied by profibrotic and inflammatory effects. These results suggest that the use of endothelial growth factor therapy for kidney disease may have varying outcomes that depend on the disease model tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Long
- Nephro-Urology Unit, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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46
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Tanaka M, Endo S, Okuda T, Economides A, Valenzuela D, Murphy A, Robertson E, Sakurai T, Fukatsu A, Yancopoulos G, Kita T, Yanagita M. Expression of BMP-7 and USAG-1 (a BMP antagonist) in kidney development and injury. Kidney Int 2008; 73:181-91. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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47
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Davis B, Dei Cas A, Long DA, White KE, Hayward A, Ku CH, Woolf AS, Bilous R, Viberti G, Gnudi L. Podocyte-specific expression of angiopoietin-2 causes proteinuria and apoptosis of glomerular endothelia. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:2320-9. [PMID: 17625119 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2006101093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) modulates embryonic vascular differentiation primarily by inhibiting the antiapoptotic effects of Ang-1 on endothelia that express the Tie-2 receptor. Ang-2 is transiently expressed by developing glomeruli but is downregulated with normal maturation. Glomerular Ang-2 expression is, however, markedly upregulated in animal models of diabetic nephropathy and glomerulonephritis, both leading causes of human chronic renal disease, affecting 10% of the world population. It was hypothesized that Ang-2 might have significant roles in the pathobiology of glomerular disease. Mice with inducible podocyte-specific Ang-2 overexpression were generated. When the transgene was induced in adults for up to 10 wk, mice had significant increases in both albuminuria and glomerular endothelial apoptosis, with significant decreases of both vascular endothelial growth factor-A and nephrin proteins, critical for maintenance of glomerular endothelia and filtration barrier functional integrity, respectively. There was, however, no significant change of systemic BP, creatinine clearance, or markers of renal fibrosis, and podocytes appeared structurally intact. In kidneys of young animals in which Ang-2 had been upregulated during organogenesis, increased apoptosis occurred in just-formed glomeruli. In vitro, short-term exposure of isolated wild-type murine glomeruli to exogenous Ang-2 led to decreased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-A protein. These novel results provide insight into molecular mechanisms underlying proteinuric disorders, highlight potentially complex interactions between subsets of glomerular cells, and emphasize how a vascular growth factor that has critical roles in normal development may be harmful when re-expressed in the context of adult disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Davis
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
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48
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Doi K, Okamoto K, Negishi K, Suzuki Y, Nakao A, Fujita T, Toda A, Yokomizo T, Kita Y, Kihara Y, Ishii S, Shimizu T, Noiri E. Attenuation of folic acid-induced renal inflammatory injury in platelet-activating factor receptor-deficient mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2006; 168:1413-24. [PMID: 16651609 PMCID: PMC1606605 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.050634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent lipid mediator with various biological activities, plays an important role in inflammation by recruiting leukocytes. In this study we used platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR)-deficient mice to elucidate the role of PAF in inflammatory renal injury induced by folic acid administration. PAFR-deficient mice showed significant amelioration of renal dysfunction and pathological findings such as acute tubular damage with neutrophil infiltration, lipid peroxidation observed with antibody to 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (day 2), and interstitial fibrosis with macrophage infiltration associated with expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the kidney (day 14). Acute tubular damage was attenuated by neutrophil depletion using a monoclonal antibody (RB6-8C5), demonstrating the contribution of neutrophils to acute phase injury. Macrophage infiltration was also decreased when treatment with a PAF antagonist (WEB2086) was started after acute phase. In vitro chemotaxis assay using a Boyden chamber demonstrated that PAF exhibits a strong chemotactic activity for macrophages. These results indicate that PAF is involved in pathogenesis of folic acid-induced renal injury by activating neutrophils in acute phase and macrophages in chronic interstitial fibrosis. Inhibiting the PAF pathway might be therapeutic to kidney injury from inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent Doi
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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49
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Kim W, Moon SO, Lee SY, Jang KY, Cho CH, Koh GY, Choi KS, Yoon KH, Sung MJ, Kim DH, Lee S, Kang KP, Park SK. COMP–Angiopoietin-1 Ameliorates Renal Fibrosis in a Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Model. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17:2474-83. [PMID: 16885409 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2006020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury to the renal microvasculature may be a major factor in the progression of renal disease; therefore, protection of endothelial cells (EC) in renal vasculature may have a therapeutic role in renal fibrosis. Recently, a soluble, stable, and potent angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) variant, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP)-Ang1, was developed. The contribution of COMP-Ang1 in renal interstitial fibrosis, however, remains to be clarified. This study investigated the effects of COMP-Ang1 on peritubular capillary EC in the renal cortex and the renal fibrogenic process that is triggered by unilateral ureteral obstruction. COMP-Ang1 preserved renal platelet-EC adhesion molecule-1-and Tie2-positive EC. Morphologic examination indicated less tubular injury and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mice that received COMP-Ang1 than vehicle-treated mice. Interstitial type I collagen and myofibroblast accumulation were significantly suppressed by COMP-Ang1 treatment. COMP-Ang1 increased Tie2 and Akt phosphorylation in ureteral obstructed kidneys. Renal surface microvasculature and renal blood flow were higher after treatment with COMP-Ang1 than with vehicle. COMP-Ang1 treatment decreased monocyte/macrophage infiltration, tissue levels of TGF-beta1, and Smad 2/3 phosphorylation and increased Smad 7 in the obstructed kidney. These results demonstrate that COMP-Ang1 treatment can decrease the progression of renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction. COMP-Ang1 may be an endothelium-specific therapeutic modality in fibrotic renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Kim
- Renal Regeneration Laboratory and Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, San 2-20 Keumam-dong, Jeonju, 561-180, South Korea
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50
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Price KL, Sautin YY, Long DA, Zhang L, Miyazaki H, Mu W, Endou H, Johnson RJ. Human vascular smooth muscle cells express a urate transporter. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17:1791-5. [PMID: 16775029 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2006030264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An elevated serum uric acid is associated with the development of hypertension and renal disease. Renal regulation of urate excretion is largely controlled by URAT1 (SLC22A12), a member of the organic anion transporter superfamily. This study reports the specific expression of URAT1 on human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells, as assessed by reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot analysis. Expression of URAT1 was localized to the cell membrane. Evidence that the URAT1 transporter was functional was provided by the finding that uptake of 14C-urate was significantly inhibited in the presence of probenecid, an organic anion transporter inhibitor. It is proposed that URAT1 may provide a mechanism by which uric acid enters the human vascular smooth muscle cell, a finding that may be relevant to the role of uric acid in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Price
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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