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Drieghe B, De Buyzere M, Bové T, De Backer T. Interventions for renal artery stenosis: Appraisal of novel physiological insights and procedural techniques to improve clinical outcome. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2024; 104:285-299. [PMID: 38837309 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.31117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Randomized clinical trials failed to show additional benefit of renal artery stenting on top of medical therapy. Instead of writing an obituary on renal artery stenting, we try to explain these disappointing results. A transstenotic pressure gradient is needed to reduce renal perfusion and to activate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In only a minority of patients included in trials, a transstenotic pressure gradient is measured and reported. Like the coronary circulation, integration of physiological lesion assessment will allow to avoid stenting of non-significant lesions and select those patients that are most likely to benefit from renal artery stenting. Renal artery interventions are associated with peri-procedural complications. Contemporary techniques, including radial artery access, no-touch technique to engage the renal ostium and the use of embolic protection devices, will minimize procedural risk. Combining optimal patient selection and meticulous technique might lead to a netto clinical benefit when renal artery stenting is added to optimal medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Drieghe
- Heart Center, University Hospital Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Thierry Bové
- Heart Center, University Hospital Gent, Gent, Belgium
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2
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Lee J, Han K, Yoo J, Park KA, Oh SY. Proteinuria and risk of ocular motor cranial nerve palsy: a nationwide population-based study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12012. [PMID: 38797738 PMCID: PMC11128444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the association between dipstick-detected proteinuria and oculomotor cranial nerve palsy (CNP) could have significant implications for understanding the mechanism of CNP development and for developing preventive strategies against CNP development in patients with proteinuria. This study aimed to determine the relationship between dipstick-determined proteinuria and ocular motor CNP using National Sample Cohort (NSC) database from Korea's National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). A nationwide population-based cohort study was conducted using data from the NSC database of Korea's NHIS. These data were collected from 2009 to 2018. A one-year time lag was established to prevent a situation in which the causal link was inverted. Participants aged 20 years or more who were diagnosed with proteinuria in 2009 were included. Individuals with specific pre-existing CNP, missing data, and those who were newly diagnosed with CNP or who died within one year of being tested were excluded. The study population was classified into six groups according to the degree of proteinuria (negative, trace, or between 1 + and 4 +) based on the urine dipstick test. A Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to determine the linkage between the degree of proteinuria and ocular motor CNP. A total of 5,807 (0.14% of subjects) with ocular motor CNP were assigned to the ocular motor CNP group and 4,047,205 subjects were assigned to the control group. After full adjustment of comorbidities, hazard ratios (HRs) for 1 + , 2 + , 3 + and 4 + proteinuria groups were 1.449 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.244-1.687), 2.081 (1.707-2.538), 1.96 (1.322-2.904), and 3.011 (1.507-6.014), respectively, for developing ocular motor CNP compared to the proteinuria-negative group. In subgroup analysis, the HR of patients with proteinuria for the development of ocular motor CNP was higher in the younger age group (less than 40 years) (P = 0.0242) and the group with DM (P = 0.04). Our population-based cohort study demonstrated a significant association between proteinuria and the incidence of CNP, suggesting that urine protein level could be a new clinical marker for predicting the development of CNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhwan Yoo
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sei Yeul Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Reiss AB, Jacob B, Zubair A, Srivastava A, Johnson M, De Leon J. Fibrosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Targets. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1881. [PMID: 38610646 PMCID: PMC11012936 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13071881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a slowly progressive condition characterized by decreased kidney function, tubular injury, oxidative stress, and inflammation. CKD is a leading global health burden that is asymptomatic in early stages but can ultimately cause kidney failure. Its etiology is complex and involves dysregulated signaling pathways that lead to fibrosis. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a central mediator in promoting transdifferentiation of polarized renal tubular epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells, resulting in irreversible kidney injury. While current therapies are limited, the search for more effective diagnostic and treatment modalities is intensive. Although biopsy with histology is the most accurate method of diagnosis and staging, imaging techniques such as diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and shear wave elastography ultrasound are less invasive ways to stage fibrosis. Current therapies such as renin-angiotensin blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors aim to delay progression. Newer antifibrotic agents that suppress the downstream inflammatory mediators involved in the fibrotic process are in clinical trials, and potential therapeutic targets that interfere with TGF-β signaling are being explored. Small interfering RNAs and stem cell-based therapeutics are also being evaluated. Further research and clinical studies are necessary in order to avoid dialysis and kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B. Reiss
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (B.J.); (A.Z.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (J.D.L.)
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4
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Steegh FMEG, Keijbeck AA, de Hoogt PA, Rademakers T, Houben AJHM, Reesink KD, Stehouwer CDA, Daemen MJAP, Peutz-Kootstra CJ. Capillary rarefaction: a missing link in renal and cardiovascular disease? Angiogenesis 2024; 27:23-35. [PMID: 37326760 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-023-09883-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Capillary rarefaction may be both one of the causes as well as a consequence of CKD and cardiovascular disease. We reviewed the published literature on human biopsy studies and conclude that renal capillary rarefaction occurs independently of the cause of renal function decline. Moreover, glomerular hypertrophy may be an early sign of generalized endothelial dysfunction, while peritubular capillary loss occurs in advanced renal disease. Recent studies with non-invasive measurements show that capillary rarefaction is detected systemically (e.g., in the skin) in individuals with albuminuria, as sign of early CKD and/or generalized endothelial dysfunction. Decreased capillary density is found in omental fat, muscle and heart biopsies of patients with advanced CKD as well as in skin, fat, muscle, brain and heart biopsies of individuals with cardiovascular risk factors. No biopsy studies have yet been performed on capillary rarefaction in individuals with early CKD. At present it is unknown whether individuals with CKD and cardiovascular disease merely share the same risk factors for capillary rarefaction, or whether there is a causal relationship between rarefaction in renal and systemic capillaries. Further studies on renal and systemic capillary rarefaction, including their temporal relationship and underlying mechanisms are needed. This review stresses the importance of preserving and maintaining capillary integrity and homeostasis in the prevention and management of renal and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor M E G Steegh
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke A Keijbeck
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick A de Hoogt
- Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Timo Rademakers
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons J H M Houben
- Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen D Reesink
- Biomedical Engineering, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mat J A P Daemen
- Department of Pathology, UMC Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carine J Peutz-Kootstra
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pathology, Gelre Ziekenhuizen, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands.
- , Porthoslaan 39, 6213 CN, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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5
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Tiwari R, Sharma R, Rajendran G, Borkowski GS, An SY, Schonfeld M, O’Sullivan J, Schipma MJ, Zhou Y, Courbon G, David V, Quaggin SE, Thorp E, Chandel NS, Kapitsinou PP. Post-ischemic inactivation of HIF prolyl hydroxylases in endothelium promotes maladaptive kidney repair by inducing glycolysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.03.560700. [PMID: 37873349 PMCID: PMC10592920 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.03.560700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in hospitalized patients and increases the risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Impaired endothelial cell (EC) functions are thought to contribute in AKI to CKD transition, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we identify a critical role for endothelial oxygen sensing prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) enzymes 1-3 in regulating post-ischemic kidney repair. In renal endothelium, we observed compartment-specific differences in the expression of the three PHD isoforms in both mice and humans. We found that post-ischemic concurrent inactivation of endothelial PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3 but not PHD2 alone promoted maladaptive kidney repair characterized by exacerbated tissue injury, fibrosis, and inflammation. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of the post-ischemic endothelial PHD1, PHD2 and PHD3 deficient (PHDTiEC) kidney revealed an endothelial glycolytic transcriptional signature, also observed in human kidneys with severe AKI. This metabolic program was coupled to upregulation of the SLC16A3 gene encoding the lactate exporter monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4). Strikingly, treatment with the MCT4 inhibitor syrosingopine restored adaptive kidney repair in PHDTiEC mice. Mechanistically, MCT4 inhibition suppressed pro-inflammatory EC activation reducing monocyte-endothelial cell interaction. Our findings suggest avenues for halting AKI to CKD transition based on selectively targeting the endothelial hypoxia-driven glycolysis/MCT4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnakar Tiwari
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rajni Sharma
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ganeshkumar Rajendran
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Gabriella S. Borkowski
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Si Young An
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Schonfeld
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - James O’Sullivan
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew J. Schipma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Yalu Zhou
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guillaume Courbon
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Valentin David
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Susan E. Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Edward Thorp
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Navdeep S. Chandel
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Pinelopi P. Kapitsinou
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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6
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Stino H, de Llano Pato E, Steiner I, Mahnert N, Pawloff M, Hasun M, Weidinger F, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Pollreisz A. Macular Microvascular Perfusion Status in Hypertensive Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5493. [PMID: 37685559 PMCID: PMC10488526 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To compare retinal microvascular perfusion between the eyes of hypertensive patients with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD), the vessel density (VD) and fractal dimension (FD) of the superficial (SVP) and deep retinal vascular plexus (DVP) were analyzed on 6 × 6 mm fovea-centered optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images of patients with hypertension. The retina was divided into an inner ring (IR) and outer ring (OR) according to the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined and CKD was diagnosed (GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Ninety-six eyes from 52 patients with hypertension were included in this analysis. Twenty patients (n = 37 eyes) were diagnosed with CKD. The mean age was 69 ± 11.7 years and 60.4 ± 9.2 years in the CKD group and in the control group, respectively. The univariate model revealed a significant difference in VD between patients without and with CKD in the superficial IR (0.36 ± 0.03 vs. 0.34 ± 0.04, p = 0.03), the superficial OR (0.35 ± 0.02 vs. 0.33 ± 0.04, p = 0.02), the deep OR (0.24 ± 0.01 vs. 0.23 ± 0.02, p = 0.003), and the FD in the SVP (1.87 ± 0.01 vs. 1.86 ± 0.02, p = 0.02) and DVP (1.83 ± 0.01 vs. 1.82 ± 0.01, p = 0.006). After adjusting for age and sex, these differences did not remain statistically significant. Similar results were observed for the FD in the SVP and DVP. In our cohort, patients with hypertension and CKD did not differ from patients without CKD in regard to microvascular perfusion status in the macular area as assessed using OCTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Stino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Irene Steiner
- Center for Medical Data Science, Institute of Medical Statistics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Mahnert
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Pawloff
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Hasun
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic Land Strasse, Vienna Healthcare Group, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (M.H.); (F.W.)
| | - Franz Weidinger
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic Land Strasse, Vienna Healthcare Group, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (M.H.); (F.W.)
| | | | - Andreas Pollreisz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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7
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Wang Y, Jin M, Cheng CK, Li Q. Tubular injury in diabetic kidney disease: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic perspectives. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1238927. [PMID: 37600689 PMCID: PMC10433744 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1238927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a chronic complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Currently, there are limited therapeutic drugs available for DKD. While previous research has primarily focused on glomerular injury, recent studies have increasingly emphasized the role of renal tubular injury in the pathogenesis of DKD. Various factors, including hyperglycemia, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, hypoxia, RAAS, ER stress, inflammation, EMT and programmed cell death, have been shown to induce renal tubular injury and contribute to the progression of DKD. Additionally, traditional hypoglycemic drugs, anti-inflammation therapies, anti-senescence therapies, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and stem cell therapies have demonstrated their potential to alleviate renal tubular injury in DKD. This review will provide insights into the latest research on the mechanisms and treatments of renal tubular injury in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mingyue Jin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chak Kwong Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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8
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Ito H, Matsuura T, Sano T. Beraprost and Overall Survival in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease. Vet Sci 2023; 10:459. [PMID: 37505864 PMCID: PMC10384921 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overall survival is the most important outcome for treatment response in feline chronic kidney disease (CKD). Beraprost has been shown to reduce the kidney function decline in cats with International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stage 2 and 3 CKD. However, the association with prolonged survival has not yet been examined. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between beraprost and overall survival in cats with CKD in real clinical practice. ANIMALS Client-owned cats with IRIS stage 3 CKD (n = 134) were evaluated between 2017 and 2020. METHODS A retrospective cohort study based on data from electronic medical records of one hospital. RESULTS The cohort was divided into "beraprost therapy" and "no beraprost therapy" groups, and survival analyses revealed that overall survival was significantly longer in the beraprost therapy group, using Kaplan-Meier curves (p = 0.004). However, baseline phosphate is known to be an important prognostic indicator and was not well balanced between the two groups. Therefore, a subcohort of 97 cats was selected (those having baseline phosphate <6.0 mg/dL) that allowed for this parameter to be balanced between groups. The survival data in this subcohort were consistent with those of the overall study cohort. CONCLUSIONS In feline patients with CKD, beraprost therapy is associated with better overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ito
- Ichikawa General Hospital, Kariya Animal Hospital Group, Chiba 272-0034, Japan
| | | | - Tadashi Sano
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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Chang G, Shih HM, Pan CF, Wu CJ, Lin CJ. Effect of Low Protein Diet Supplemented with Ketoanalogs on Endothelial Function and Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051312. [PMID: 37238983 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that a low-protein diet supplemented with ketoanalogs (KAs) could significantly retard progression of renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3-5. However, its effects on endothelial function and serum levels of protein-bound uremic toxins remain elusive. Therefore, this study explored whether a low-protein diet (LPD) supplemented with KAs affects kidney function, endothelial function, and serum uremic toxin levels in a CKD-based cohort. In this retrospective cohort, we enrolled 22 stable CKD stage 3b-4 patients on LPD (0.6-0.8 g/day). Patients were categorized into control (LPD only) and study groups (LPD + KAs 6 tab/day). Serum biochemistry, total/free indoxyl sulfate (TIS/FIS), total/free p-cresyl sulfate (TPCS/FPCS), and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) were measured before and after 6 months of KA supplementation. Before the trial, there were no significant differences in kidney function, FMD, or uremic toxin levels between the control and study groups. When compared with the control group, the paired t-test showed a significant decrease in TIS and FIS (all p < 0.05) and a significant increase in FMD, eGFR, and bicarbonate (all p < 0.05). In multivariate regression analysis, an increase in FMD (p < 0.001) and a decrease in FPCS (p = 0.012) and TIS (p < 0.001) remained persistent findings when adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), sodium, albumin, and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). LPD supplemented with KAs significantly preserves kidney function and provides additional benefits on endothelial function and protein-bound uremic toxins in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Mou Shih
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100001, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Feng Pan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei 220001, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Jui Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei 220001, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei 100001, Taiwan
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10
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Maki K, Ohara T, Hata J, Shibata M, Hirabayashi N, Honda T, Sakata S, Furuta Y, Akiyama M, Yamasaki K, Tatewaki Y, Taki Y, Kitazono T, Mikami T, Maeda T, Ono K, Mimura M, Nakashima K, Iga JI, Takebayashi M, Ninomiya T. CKD, Brain Atrophy, and White Matter Lesion Volume: The Japan Prospective Studies Collaboration for Aging and Dementia. Kidney Med 2023; 5:100593. [PMID: 36874508 PMCID: PMC9982615 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2022.100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale & Objective Chronic kidney disease, defined by albuminuria and/or reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), has been reported to be associated with brain atrophy and/or higher white matter lesion volume (WMLV), but there are few large-scale population-based studies assessing this issue. This study aimed to examine the associations between the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) and eGFR levels and brain atrophy and WMLV in a large-scale community-dwelling older population of Japanese. Study Design Population-based cross-sectional study. Setting & Participants A total of 8,630 dementia-free community-dwelling Japanese aged greater than or equal to 65 years underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging scanning and screening examination of health status in 2016-2018. Exposures UACR and eGFR levels. Outcomes The total brain volume (TBV)-to-intracranial volume (ICV) ratio (TBV/ICV), the regional brain volume-to-TBV ratio, and the WMLV-to-ICV ratio (WMLV/ICV). Analytical Approach The associations of UACR and eGFR levels with the TBV/ICV, the regional brain volume-to-TBV ratio, and the WMLV/ICV were assessed by using an analysis of covariance. Results Higher UACR levels were significantly associated with lower TBV/ICV and higher geometric mean values of the WMLV/ICV (P for trend = 0.009 and <0.001, respectively). Lower eGFR levels were significantly associated with lower TBV/ICV, but not clearly associated with WMLV/ICV. In addition, higher UACR levels, but not lower eGFR, were significantly associated with lower temporal cortex volume-to-TBV ratio and lower hippocampal volume-to-TBV ratio. Limitations Cross-sectional study, misclassification of UACR or eGFR levels, generalizability to other ethnicities and younger populations, and residual confounding factors. Conclusions The present study demonstrated that higher UACR was associated with brain atrophy, especially in the temporal cortex and hippocampus, and with increased WMLV. These findings suggest that chronic kidney disease is involved in the progression of morphologic brain changes associated with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Maki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ohara
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Hata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mao Shibata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Hirabayashi
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Honda
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoko Sakata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Furuta
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Department of Ocular Pathology and Imaging Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamasaki
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuko Tatewaki
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mikami
- Department of Preemptive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Maeda
- Division of Neurology and Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Department of Neurology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakashima
- National Hospital Organization, Matsue Medical Center, Shimane, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Iga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Minoru Takebayashi
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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11
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Xiao CY, Ma YH, Ou YN, Zhao B, Hu HY, Wang ZT, Tan L. Association between Kidney Function and the Burden of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: An Updated Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 52:376-386. [PMID: 36599326 DOI: 10.1159/000527069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to anatomical and functional similarities in microvascular beds, the brain and kidney share distinctive susceptibilities to vascular injury and common risk factors of small vessel disease. The aim of this updated meta-analysis is to explore the association between kidney function and the burden of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for observational studies that explored the association between the indicators of kidney function and CSVD neuroimaging markers. The highest-adjusted risk estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were aggregated using random-effect models. RESULTS Twelve longitudinal studies and 51 cross-sectional studies with 57,030 subjects met the inclusion criteria of systematic review, of which 52 were included in quantitative synthesis. According to the pooled results, we found that low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) was associated with cerebral microbleeds (odds ratio (OR) = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.26-1.90), white matter hyperintensities (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.05-1.86), and lacunar infarctions (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.18-1.92), but not with severe perivascular spaces (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.77-1.88). Likewise, patients with proteinuria (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.47-2.09) or elevated serum cystatin C (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.25-1.83) also had an increased risk of CSVD. CONCLUSION The association between kidney function and CSVD has been comprehensively updated through this study, that kidney insufficiency manifested as low eGFR, proteinuria, and elevated serum cystatin C was independently associated with CSVD burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Yun Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Hui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - He-Ying Hu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zuo-Teng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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12
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Qin X, Zhang C. Noninvasive evaluation of IgA nephropathy fibrosis using Doppler ultrasound. Ren Fail 2022; 44:1833-1839. [PMID: 36305201 PMCID: PMC9621222 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2140060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to explore the clinical value of routine color ultrasound parameters in the evaluation of tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis (TA/IF) in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). We enrolled 725 patients with IgAN who underwent renal biopsy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between January 2019 and May 2022. Examinations were performed to measure the routine ultrasound renal parameters and renal biopsy was done within next three days. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the correlates and the independent predictors of TA/IF. Simultaneously, a nomogram based on risk indicators was created to predict TA/IF. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that sex (p < 0.001, OR = 2.538, 95%CI: 1.739–3.734), renal length (p < 0.001, OR = 0.927, 95%CI: 0.905–0.95), resistive index of main renal artery (p = 0.037, OR = 1.891, 95%CI: 1.027–3.426), peak systolic velocity of segmental renal artery (p = 0.58, OR = 0.975, 95%CI: 0.399–0.841), and cortex echogenicity (p < 0.001, OR = 3.448, 95%CI: 2.382–5.018) were independent predictors of TA/IF in IgAN nomograms, with a good C-index of 0.765 (95%CI = 0.727–0.803). Analyses of the calibration charts show that nomograms have good performance and clinical applicability. In our study, renal color ultrasound parameters correlated well with TA/IF in IgAN. By establishing a conventional color ultrasound prediction model, we can accurately gauge the extent of TA/IF in patients with IgAN for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiachuan Qin
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College (University), Nan Chong, China
| | - Chaoxue Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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13
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Siskind S, Zhang F, Brenner M, Wang P. Extracellular CIRP induces acute kidney injury via endothelial TREM-1. Front Physiol 2022; 13:954815. [PMID: 36246143 PMCID: PMC9558214 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.954815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Acute kidney injury is associated with elevated serum levels of extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP), a damage-associated molecular pattern released during ischemia/reperfusion injury, hemorrhagic shock, and sepsis. It is unknown if circulating eCIRP and eCIRP-induced activation of receptor triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1), expressed on endothelial cells, play an important role in the pathogenesis of AKI. Methods: Male B6 wild-type (WT) and TREM-1−/− mice were subjected to intravenous injection of recombinant murine (rm) CIRP. Serum, urine, and renal tissue were collected 6 h later for analysis. Additionally, primary human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGEC) were stimulated in vitro with rmCIRP after pretreatment with M3, a novel inhibitory peptide of TREM-1, or vehicle. Supernatants and cells were collected 20 h after stimulation. Results: After injection with rmCIRP, WT mice had a significant increase in serum levels of BUN, creatinine, and NGAL compared to control. Additionally, NGAL was significantly increased in the urine of rmCIRP-injected mice, suggesting that circulating eCIRP can directly induce AKI. The levels of TREM-1 mRNA in the kidneys, as well as soluble (s) TREM-1 released into the serum and urine, were significantly increased in rmCIRP-injected mice. TREM-1−/− mice injected with rmCIRP had attenuated AKI, indicated by significantly decreased serum BUN, creatinine, and NGAL, and renal mRNA expression of NGAL and KIM-1 compared to WT mice. TREM-1−/− mice also had attenuated endothelial activation, with decreased mRNA and protein expression of ICAM-1 in renal tissue. HRGEC stimulated with rmCIRP in vitro had significant increases in cytokine production and sTREM-1 release, which was attenuated in cells treated with M3. Conclusion: Activation of renal TREM-1 with circulating eCIRP is sufficient to cause AKI. Elevated levels of eCIRP may be critical for the development of AKI under conditions such as ischemia/reperfusion injury, hemorrhagic shock, and sepsis. Mice deficient in the TREM-1 receptor have attenuated AKI and reduced endothelial cell activation after injection of rmCIRP. TREM-1 inhibition with M3 attenuates HRGEC activation after eCIRP stimulation. Targeting eCIRP activation of TREM-1 may provide a novel and effective treatment for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Siskind
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Fangming Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Max Brenner
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Ping Wang, ; Max Brenner,
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Ping Wang, ; Max Brenner,
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14
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Wu L, Gong X, Wang W, Zhang L, Zhou J, Ming X, Yuan M, Huang W, Wang L. Association of retinal fractal dimension and vessel tortuosity with impaired renal function among healthy Chinese adults. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:925756. [PMID: 36117976 PMCID: PMC9479094 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.925756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeThis study investigated the association of retinal fractal dimension (FD) and blood vessel tortuosity (BVT) with renal function [assessed by estimated glomerular filtrate rate (eGFR)] in healthy Chinese adults using swept-source optical coherence tomographic angiography (SS-OCTA).Materials and methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among ocular treatment–naïve healthy participants from Guangzhou, China. FD and BVT in the superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus were measured by SS-OCTA with a 3 × 3 macula model. eGFR was calculated using the Xiangya equation, and impaired renal function (IRF) was defined as eGFR = 90 mL/min/1.73 m2. Linear regression was performed to evaluate the relationships between SS-OCTA metrics and renal function.ResultsA total of 729 participants with a mean age of 57.6 ± 9.1 years were included in the final analysis. Compared to participants with normal renal function, those with IRF had lower FD both in the superficial capillary plexus (1.658 ± 0.029 vs. 1.666 ± 0.024, p = 0.001) and deep capillary plexus (1.741 ± 0.016 vs. 1.746 ± 0.016, p = 0.0003), while the deep BVT was larger in participants with IRF than those with normal renal function (1.007 ± 0.002 vs. 1.006 ± 0.002, p = 0.028). The superficial FD was linearly and positively associated with eGFR after adjusting for confounders (β = 0.2257; 95% CI 0.0829–0.3685; p = 0.002), while BVT was not associated with eGFR (all p ≥ 0.05).ConclusionThe patients with IRF had lower FD and larger BVT than those with normal renal function. The superficial FD decreased linearly with renal function deterioration. Our study suggests that the retinal microvasculature can represent a useful indicator of subclinical renal microvascular abnormalities and serve as a useful non-invasive assessment to predict and monitor the progression of renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbin Wu
- The First People’s Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Xia Gong
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The First People’s Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Jiachen Zhou
- The First People’s Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Xi Ming
- The First People’s Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyong Huang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenyong Huang,
| | - Lanhua Wang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Lanhua Wang,
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15
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Wang M, Xia M, Yang H, Zhang D, Zhao Y, He Y, Liu J, Zhang L, Yin C, Bai Y. Interaction effect of blood glucose and pressure on the risk of chronic kidney disease: a population-based prospective cohort study. Endocrine 2022; 77:252-261. [PMID: 35778587 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the interaction effect of blood glucose and blood pressure on the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS 31,165 subjects were selected without CKD at baseline and had completed the first follow-up from "Jinchang cohort". Cox regression model and restricted cubic splines functions were used to evaluate the effects of blood glucose or pressure on the incidence of CKD and dose-response relationship after adjusting for confounding covariates. Synergic effect was assessed by the multiplicative or additive interaction scale. RESULTS Among 31,165 subjects, 1307 new-onset CKD were observed during 68905.78 person-years follow-up, and the incidence density was 18.97 per 1000 person-years. The risk of CKD gradually increased with the increase of blood pressure in diabetes, pre-diabetes and normal groups (Ptrend < 0.05). And, the risk was greatest when SBP/DBP reached ≥150/≥110 mmHg in three groups, and HRs (95% CI) were 1.610 (1.070-2.422), 2.142 (1.396-3.288) and 2.455 (1.941-3.106), respectively. Additionally, among hypertension, pre-hypertension and normal groups, the risk of CKD increased by 16.0%, 14.3% and 25.2% for each 1 mmol/L of FPG. When FPG level was more than 9.0 mmol/L, the risk was greatest and adjusted HRs (95% CI) were 2.856 (2.176-3.748), 2.979 (1.828-4.854) and 7.520 (4.517-12.519). Furthermore, the risk was highest when hypertension was accompanied by diabetes (HR = 4.915, 95% CI: 3.923-6.157). This analysis supported a less than multiplicative effect (HR = 0.634, 95% CI: 0.417-0.964) for the interaction term of diabetes and hypertension, while there was no additive interaction towards CKD in all interaction term. CONCLUSIONS Blood glucose and pressure were independent risk factors in incidence of CKD, but there was only a negative multiplicative interaction between hypertension and diabetes, but no additive interaction effect between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhen Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Miao Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Hongyan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Desheng Zhang
- Workers' Hospital of Jinchuan Group Co, Ltd, Jinchang, 737100, Gansu, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yingqian He
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Chun Yin
- Workers' Hospital of Jinchuan Group Co, Ltd, Jinchang, 737100, Gansu, China.
| | - Yana Bai
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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16
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Chang FC, Liu CH, Luo AJ, Tao-Min Huang T, Tsai MH, Chen YJ, Lai CF, Chiang CK, Lin TH, Chiang WC, Chen YM, Chu TS, Lin SL. Angiopoietin-2 inhibition attenuates kidney fibrosis by hindering chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 expression and apoptosis of endothelial cells. Kidney Int 2022; 102:780-797. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Yan X, Ma X, Hao Y, Liu J, Fang H, Lu D, Shen W, Zhang H, Ge W, Zhao Y. Alginate oligosaccharides ameliorate busulfan-induced renal tubule injury. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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18
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Adam RJ, Williams AC, Kriegel AJ. Comparison of the Surgical Resection and Infarct 5/6 Nephrectomy Rat Models of Chronic Kidney Disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F639-F654. [PMID: 35379002 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00398.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5/6 nephrectomy rat remnant kidney model is commonly employed to study chronic kidney disease (CKD). This model requires removal of one whole kidney and two-thirds of the other. The two most common ways of producing the remnant kidney are surgical resection of poles, known as the polectomy (Pol) model, or ligation of upper and lower renal arterial branches, resulting in pole infarction (Inf). These models have much in common, but also major phenotypic differences, and thus respectively model unique aspects of human CKD. The purpose of this review is to summarize phenotypic similarities and differences between these two models and their relation to human CKD, while emphasizing their vascular phenotype. In this article we review studies that have evaluated arterial blood pressure, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS), autoregulation, nitric oxide, single nephron physiology, angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors, and capillary rarefaction in these two models. Phenotypic similarities: both models spontaneously develop hallmarks of human CKD including uremia, fibrosis, capillary rarefaction, and progressive renal function decline. They both undergo whole-organ hypertrophy, hyperfiltration of functional nephrons, reduced renal expression of angiogenic factor VEGF, increased renal expression of the anti-angiogenic thrombospondin-1, impaired renal autoregulation, and abnormal vascular nitric oxide physiology. Key phenotypic differences: the Inf model develops rapid-onset, moderate-to-severe systemic hypertension, and the Pol model early normotension followed by mild-to-moderate hypertension. The Inf rat has a markedly more active renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system. Comparison of these two models facilitates understanding of how they can be utilized for studying CKD pathophysiology (e.g., RAAS dependent or independent pathology).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Adam
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Adaysha C Williams
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Alison J Kriegel
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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19
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Prognostic Effect of Underlying Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Replacement Therapy on the Outcome of Patients after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Nationwide Observational Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58030444. [PMID: 35334620 PMCID: PMC8948889 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study assessed the prognostic value of underlying chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal replacement therapy (RRT) on the clinical outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted utilizing the population-based OHCA data of South Korea between 2008 and 2018. Adult (>18 years) OHCA patients with a medical cause of cardiac arrest were included and classified into three categories based on the underlying CKD and RRT: (1) non-CKD group; (2) CKD without RRT group; and (3) CKD with RRT group. A total of 13,682 eligible patients were included (non-CKD, 9863; CKD without RRT, 1778; CKD with RRT, 2041). From the three comparison subgroups, data with propensity score matching were extracted. The influence of CKD and RRT on patient outcomes was assessed using propensity score matching and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The primary outcome was survival at hospital discharge and the secondary outcome was a good neurological outcome at hospital discharge. Results: The two CKD groups (CKD without RRT and CKD with RRT) showed no significant difference in survival at hospital discharge compared with the non-CKD group (CKD without RRT vs. non-CKD, p > 0.05; CKD with RRT vs. non-CKD, p > 0.05). The non-CKD group had a higher chance of having good neurological outcomes than the CKD groups (non-CKD vs. CKD without RRT, p < 0.05; non-CKD vs. CKD with RRT, p < 0.05) whereas there was no significant difference between the two CKD groups (CKD without RRT vs. CKD with RRT, p > 0.05). Conclusions: Compared with patients without CKD, the underlying cause of CKD—regardless of RRT—may be linked to poor neurological outcomes. Underlying CKD and RRT had no effect on the survival at hospital discharge.
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Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 8 and Tubulo-Interstitial Injury in Chronic Kidney Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040658. [PMID: 35203308 PMCID: PMC8869891 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis has been accepted to be a common pathological outcome of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to examine serum levels and tissue expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 8 (CCL8) in patients with CKD and to investigate their association with kidney fibrosis in CKD model. Serum levels and tissue expression of CCL8 significantly increased with advancing CKD stage, proteinuria level, and pathologic deterioration. In Western blot analysis of primary cultured human tubular epithelial cells after induction of fibrosis with rTGF-β, CCL8 was upregulated by rTGF-β treatment and the simultaneous treatment with anti-CCL8 mAb mitigated the rTGF-β-induced an increase in fibronectin and a decrease E-cadherin and BCL-2 protein levels. The antiapoptotic effect of the anti-CCL8 mAb was also demonstrated by Annexin V/propidium iodide staining assay. In qRT-PCR analysis, mRNA expression levels of the markers for fibrosis and apoptosis showed similar expression patterns to those observed by western blotting. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed CCL8 and fibrosis- and apoptosis-related markers significantly increased in the unilateral ureteral obstruction model, which agrees with our in vitro findings. In conclusion, CCL8 pathway is associated with increased risk of kidney fibrosis and that CCL8 blockade can ameliorate kidney fibrosis and apoptosis.
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Luiz RDS, Rampaso RR, Dos Santos AAC, Convento MB, Barbosa DA, da Fonseca CD, de Oliveira AS, Caires A, Furlan A, Schor N, Borges FT. BM-MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) from trained animals presented nephroprotective potential in unilateralureteral obstruction model. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2021; 27:e20200187. [PMID: 34925478 PMCID: PMC8650265 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The efficacy of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC) and its extracellular vesicles has been demonstrated for a broad spectrum of indications, including kidney diseases. However, BM-MSC donor characteristics and their potential are not usually considered. Therefore, the present work aims to evaluate the nephroprotective capacity of sEV secreted by BM-MSC from trained rats inunilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. Methods: BM-MSC was characterized by their differentiation potential and immunophenotypic markers. The sEV were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blot. Its miRNA cargo was examined by quantitative PCR analysis for miR-26a, 126a, and 296. Wistar rats were submitted to UUO procedure and concomitantly treated with sEV secreted by BM-MSC from the untrained andtrained rats. The kidney tissue from all groups was evaluated for fibrosis mediators (transforming growth factor beta1 and collagen), CD34-angiogenesis marker, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α). Results: Treadmill training stimulated in BM-MSC the production of sEV loaded with pro-angiogenic miR-296. The treatment with this sEVin UUO-rats was able to attenuate collagen accumulation and increase CD34 and HIF-1α in the kidney tissue when compared to untrained ones. Tubular proximal cells under hypoxia and exposed to BM-MSC sEV demonstrate accumulation in HIF-1α and NFR-2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), possibly to mediate the response to hypoxia and oxidative stress, under these conditions. Conclusion: The BM-MSC sEV from trained animals presented an increased nephroprotective potential compared to untrained vesicles by carrying 296-angiomiR and contributing to angiogenesis in UUO model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael da Silva Luiz
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Rosseto Rampaso
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alef Aragão Carneiro Dos Santos
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia Bastos Convento
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dulce Aparecida Barbosa
- Paulista School of Nursing, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Andréia Silva de Oliveira
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Agnaldo Caires
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrei Furlan
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nestor Schor
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Teixeira Borges
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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22
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Yu Z, Jin J, Tin A, Köttgen A, Yu B, Chen J, Surapaneni A, Zhou L, Ballantyne CM, Hoogeveen RC, Arking DE, Chatterjee N, Grams ME, Coresh J. Polygenic Risk Scores for Kidney Function and Their Associations with Circulating Proteome, and Incident Kidney Diseases. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:3161-3173. [PMID: 34548389 PMCID: PMC8638405 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020111599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed numerous loci for kidney function (eGFR). The relationship between polygenic predictors of eGFR, risk of incident adverse kidney outcomes, and the plasma proteome is not known. METHODS We developed a genome-wide polygenic risk score (PRS) for eGFR by applying the LDpred algorithm to summary statistics generated from a multiethnic meta-analysis of CKDGen Consortium GWAS ( n =765,348) and UK Biobank GWAS (90% of the cohort; n =451,508), followed by best-parameter selection using the remaining 10% of UK Biobank data ( n =45,158). We then tested the association of the PRS in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study ( n =8866) with incident CKD, ESKD, kidney failure, and AKI. We also examined associations between the PRS and 4877 plasma proteins measured at middle age and older adulthood and evaluated mediation of PRS associations by eGFR. RESULTS The developed PRS showed a significant association with all outcomes. Hazard ratios per 1 SD lower PRS ranged from 1.06 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.11) to 1.33 (95% CI, 1.28 to 1.37). The PRS was significantly associated with 132 proteins at both time points. The strongest associations were with cystatin C, collagen α -1(XV) chain, and desmocollin-2. Most proteins were higher at lower kidney function, except for five proteins, including testican-2. Most correlations of the genetic PRS with proteins were mediated by eGFR. CONCLUSIONS A PRS for eGFR is now sufficiently strong to capture risk for a spectrum of incident kidney diseases and broadly influences the plasma proteome, primarily mediated by eGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jin Jin
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adrienne Tin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland,Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Data Driven Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Centre–University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jingsha Chen
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aditya Surapaneni
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Linda Zhou
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Ron C. Hoogeveen
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Dan E. Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Morgan E. Grams
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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23
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Wang CT, Tezuka T, Takeda N, Araki K, Arai S, Miyazaki T. High salt exacerbates acute kidney injury by disturbing the activation of CD5L/apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) protein. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260449. [PMID: 34843572 PMCID: PMC8629239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of excess salt intake on acute kidney injury (AKI) has not been examined precisely except for some clinical data, unlike in chronic kidney disease. Here, we addressed the influence of high salt (HS) on AKI and its underlying mechanisms in terms of the activity of circulating apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM, also called CD5L) protein, a facilitator of AKI repair. HS loading in mice subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (IR) resulted in high mortality with advanced renal tubular obstruction and marked exacerbation in biomarkers of proximal renal tubular damage. This AKI exacerbation appeared to be caused mainly by the reduced AIM dissociation from IgM pentamer in serum, as IgM-free AIM is indispensable for the removal of intratubular debris to facilitate AKI repair. Injection of recombinant AIM (rAIM) ameliorated the AKI induced by IR/HS, dramatically improving the tubular damage and mouse survival. The repair of lethal AKI by AIM was dependent on AIM/ kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) axis, as rAIM injection was not effective in KIM-1 deficient mice. Our results demonstrate that the inhibition of AIM dissociation from IgM is an important reason for the exacerbation of AKI by HS, that AIM is a strong therapeutic tool for severe AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ting Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Tezuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Takeda
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Division of Developmental Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kimi Araki
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Division of Developmental Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoko Arai
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- The Institute for AIM Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- The Institute for AIM Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- LEAP, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Plateforme GENOMAX, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Laboratory of Excellence TRANSPLANTEX, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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24
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Hanai S, Uchimura K, Takahashi K, Ishii T, Mitsui T, Furuya F. Hypoxia-induced thyroid hormone receptor expression regulates cell-cycle progression in renal tubule epithelial cells. Endocr J 2021; 68:1309-1320. [PMID: 34108302 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia occurs in the kidneys of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, inducing interstitial fibrosis and tubule cell death. Renal tubule cell death is an important determinant of mortality in CKD. We focused on the regulation of cell-cycle-mediated protein expression to prevent cell death under chronic hypoxia in the kidneys of CKD patients. Paraffin-embedded kidney sections from patients with CKD (diabetes nephropathy, nephrosclerosis, or IgA nephropathy) were analyzed for the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), thyroid hormone receptor (TR) β, or p21 and levels of interstitial fibrosis. Human renal proximal tubule cells were exposed to hypoxia and analyzed for the expression of HIF, TRβ, or p21 and the cell-cycle stage. TRβ expression was enhanced early on when fibrosis was not fully developed in the tubule cells of CKD patients. HIF1α bound to the TRβ promoter and directly induced its transcription. Further, HIF1α expression induced the expression of TRβ and inhibited cell-cycle progression. In the early stage of kidney injury, TRβ might act as a guardian to prepare and organize cell-cycle proliferation and prevent cell death. While the molecular mechanism that regulates the expression of cell-cycle regulators in renal tubule cells remains controversial, TRβ has strong potential as a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichiro Hanai
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kohei Uchimura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takahashi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Ishii
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Takahiko Mitsui
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Furuya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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Hong J, Surapaneni A, Daya N, Selvin E, Coresh J, Grams ME, Ballew SH. Retinopathy and Risk of Kidney Disease in Persons With Diabetes. Kidney Med 2021; 3:808-815.e1. [PMID: 34693260 PMCID: PMC8515075 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale & Objective Retinopathy and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are typically considered microvascular complications of diabetes, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are considered macrovascular complications; however, all may share common pathological mechanisms. This study quantified the association of retinopathy with risk of kidney disease and compared with the association with cardiovascular disease in persons with diabetes. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting & Participants 1,759 participants in the ARIC study who had diabetes at visit 4 and underwent retinal examination at visit 3. Exposure Retinopathy. Outcome Prevalent CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2), prevalent albuminuria (urinary albumin-creatinine ratio [UACR] > 30 mg/g), incident CKD, incident end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), incident coronary heart disease (CHD), and incident stroke. Analytical Approach The cross-sectional association of retinopathy with prevalent CKD and albuminuria was assessed by logistic regression. The associations between retinopathy, incident CKD, incident ESKD, incident CHD, and incident stroke were examined using Cox proportional hazards models. Seemingly unrelated regression was used to compare the strength of association between retinopathy and outcomes. Results During the median follow-up period of 14.2 years, 723 participants developed CKD, and there were 109 ESKD events, 399 CHD events, and 196 stroke events. Compared with the participants without retinopathy, participants with retinopathy were more likely to have reduced eGFR (OR, 1.56 [95% CI, 1.09-2.23]) and UACR > 30 mg/g (OR, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.24-2.10]). Retinopathy was associated with risk of incident CKD (HR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.02-1.46]), ESKD (HR, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.11-2.58]), CHD (HR, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.15-1.84]), and stroke (HR, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.03-1.97]). A stronger relationship was found between retinopathy and CHD when compared with retinopathy and CKD (P = 0.03); all other associations were similar. Limitations Retinal examination and kidney measurements were taken at different visits. Conclusions The presence of retinopathy was associated with higher prevalence of kidney disease and higher risk of incident CKD, ESKD, and CHD. These results may suggest that a similar mechanism underlies the development of retinopathy and other adverse outcomes in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Hong
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Aditya Surapaneni
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Natalie Daya
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Morgan E Grams
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Shoshana H Ballew
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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Su CT, Jao TM, Urban Z, Huang YJ, See DHW, Tsai YC, Lin WC, Huang JW. LTBP4 affects renal fibrosis by influencing angiogenesis and altering mitochondrial structure. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:943. [PMID: 34645813 PMCID: PMC8514500 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signalling regulates extracellular matrix accumulation known to be essential for the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis; latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 4 (LTBP4) is an important regulator of TGFβ activity. To date, the regulation of LTBP4 in renal fibrosis remains unknown. Herein, we report that LTBP4 is upregulated in patients with chronic kidney disease and fibrotic mice kidneys created by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Mice lacking the short LTBP4 isoform (Ltbp4S-/-) exhibited aggravated tubular interstitial fibrosis (TIF) after UUO, indicating that LTBP4 potentially protects against TIF. Transcriptomic analysis of human proximal tubule cells overexpressing LTBP4 revealed that LTBP4 influences angiogenic pathways; moreover, these cells preserved better mitochondrial respiratory functions and expressed higher vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) compared to wild-type cells under hypoxia. Results of the tube formation assay revealed that additional LTBP4 in human umbilical vein endothelial cell supernatant stimulates angiogenesis with upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs). In vivo, aberrant angiogenesis, abnormal mitochondrial morphology and enhanced oxidative stress were observed in Ltbp4S-/- mice after UUO. These results reveal novel molecular functions of LTBP4 stimulating angiogenesis and potentially impacting mitochondrial structure and function. Collectively, our findings indicate that LTBP4 protects against disease progression and may be of therapeutic use in renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ting Su
- Renal Division, Department of Internal medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Centre Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Jao
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Zsolt Urban
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yue-Jhu Huang
- Renal Division, Department of Internal medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan
| | - Daniel H W See
- Renal Division, Department of Internal medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chou Tsai
- Renal Division, Department of Internal medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chou Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Wen Huang
- Renal Division, Department of Internal medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan.
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27
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Theodorakopoulou MP, Dipla K, Zafeiridis A, Sarafidis P. Εndothelial and microvascular function in CKD: Evaluation methods and associations with outcomes. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13557. [PMID: 33774823 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Endothelial dysfunction, the hallmark of atherosclerosis, is suggested to be involved pathogenetically in cardiovascular and renal disease progression in these patients. METHODS This is a narrative review presenting the techniques and markers used for assessment of microvascular and endothelial function in patients with CKD and discussing findings of the relevant studies on the associations of endothelial dysfunction with co-morbid conditions and outcomes in this population. RESULTS Venous Occlusion Plethysmography was the first method to evaluate microvascular function; subsequently, several relevant techniques have been developed and used in patients with CKD, including brachial Flow-Mediated Dilatation, and more recently, Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Laser Speckle Contrast Analysis. Furthermore, several circulating biomarkers are commonly used in clinical research. Studies assessing endothelial function using the above techniques and biomarkers suggest that endothelial dysfunction occurs early in CKD and contributes to the target organ damage, cardiovascular events, death and progression towards end-stage kidney disease. CONCLUSIONS Older and newer functional methods and several biomarkers have assessed endothelial dysfunction in CKD; accumulated evidence supports an association of endothelial dysfunction with outcomes. Future research with new, non-invasive and easily applicable methods could further delineate the role of endothelial dysfunction on cardiovascular and renal disease progression in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieta P Theodorakopoulou
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantina Dipla
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Andreas Zafeiridis
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Pantelis Sarafidis
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Difference in risk factors of silent brain infarction between paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2021; 33:100753. [PMID: 33778153 PMCID: PMC7985474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2021.100753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Differences in risk factors for SBI between paroxysmal and persistent AF was studied. NVAF patients (119 paroxysmal, 71 persistent) underwent brain MRI, TTE, and TEE. DM and CKD, which represents microvascular disease, predicted SBI in paroxysmal AF. There was no obvious therapeutic target for SBI after progression to persistent NVAF. Intervention for DM and CKD from paroxysmal NVAF may prevent SBI and future stroke.
Background Although silent brain infarction is an independent risk factor for subsequent symptomatic stroke and dementia in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, little is known regarding differences in risk factors for silent brain infarction between patients with paroxysmal and persistent nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Methods This study population consisted of 190 neurologically asymptomatic patients (mean age, 64 ± 11 years) with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (119 paroxysmal, 71 persistent) who were scheduled for catheter ablation. All patients underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging to screen for silent brain infarction prior to ablation. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography was performed to screen for left atrial abnormalities (left atrial enlargement, spontaneous echo contrast, or left atrial appendage emptying velocity) and complex plaques in the aortic arch. Results Silent brain infarction was detected in 50 patients (26%) [26 patients (22%) in paroxysmal vs. 24 patients (34%) in persistent, p = 0.09]. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that age and diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) were associated with silent brain infarction in patients with paroxysmal nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (p < 0.05), whereas no modifiable risk factors of silent brain infarction were observed in patients with persistent nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Conclusions These findings suggest that intensive intervention for diabetes mellitus and renal impairment from the paroxysmal stage or ablation therapy at the time of paroxysmal stage to prevent progression to persistent nonvalvular atrial fibrillation may prevent silent brain infarction and consequently reduce the risk of future symptomatic stroke.
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Palladino A, Pizzoleo C, Mavaro I, Lucini C, D'Angelo L, de Girolamo P, Attanasio C. A combined morphometric approach to feature mouse kidney vasculature. Ann Anat 2021; 237:151727. [PMID: 33798690 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Physiological kidney function is closely related to the state of the vascular network. Disorders, such as capillary rarefaction, predispose to chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this context, deepening of the methodologies for studying the renal vascular network can be of basic importance. To meet this need, numerous animal models and, in parallel, several methods have been developed. In this work we propose a protocol to accurately feature kidney vasculature in mouse, however, the same protocol is suitable to be applied also to other animal models. The approach is multiparametric and mainly based on micro-computed tomography (μCT) technique. Micro-ct allows to study in detail the vascular network of any organ by exploiting the possibility to perfuse the sample with a contrast agent. The proposed protocol provides a fast and reliable method to extract quantitative information from the μCT scan by using only the basic functions of the software supplied by the scanner without any additional analysis. Through iterative cropping of the scanned ROI and calculation of a sample-specific threshold we calculated that the average volume of a female BALB/c kidney of eighth weeks is 147.8 mm3 (5.4%). We also pointed out that the average volume of the vascular network is 4.9% (0.3%). In parallel we performed traditional histological and immunofluorescence techniques to integrate the information gained via μCT and to frame them in the tissue context. Vessel count on histological sections showed a different density in the different regions of the organ parenchyma, in detail, vessel density in the cortex was 19.03 ± 2.51 vessels/ROI while in the medulla it was 10.6 ± 1.7 vessels/ROI and 5.4 ± 1.3 vessels/ROI in the outer and inner medulla, respectively. We then studied vessel distribution in the renal parenchyma which showed that the 55% of vascular component is included in the cortex, the 30% in the outer medulla and the 15% in the inner medulla. Collectively, we propose an integrated approach that can be particularly useful in the preclinical setting to characterize the vasculature of any organ accurately and rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Palladino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Pizzoleo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Isabella Mavaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Lucini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Livia D'Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo de Girolamo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Attanasio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy.
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Abstract
Renal artery stenosis is the most common secondary cause of hypertension and predominantly caused by atherosclerosis. In suspected patients, a non-invasive diagnosis with ultrasound is preferred. Asymptomatic, incidentally found RAS does not require revascularization. In symptomatic patients requiring revascularization, renal artery stenting is the preferred therapy. Selecting appropriate patients for revascularization requires careful consideration of lesion severity and is optimized with a multidisciplinary team. All patients with atherosclerotic RAS should be treated with guideline-directed medical therapy, including hypertension control, diabetes control, statins, antiplatelet therapy, smoking cessation and encouraging activity.
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Doreille A, Azzi F, Larivière-Beaudoin S, Karakeussian-Rimbaud A, Trudel D, Hébert MJ, Dieudé M, Patey N, Cardinal H. Acute Kidney Injury, Microvascular Rarefaction, and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 16:415-426. [PMID: 33648972 PMCID: PMC8011007 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.07270520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Animal studies suggest that microvascular rarefaction is a key factor in the acute kidney disease to CKD transition. Hence, delayed graft function appears as a unique human model of AKI to further explore the role of microvascular rarefaction in kidney transplant recipients. Here, we assessed whether delayed graft function is associated with peritubular capillary loss and evaluated the association between this loss and long-term kidney graft function. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS This observational, retrospective cohort study included 61 participants who experienced delayed graft function and 130 who had immediate graft function. We used linear regression models to evaluate associations between delayed graft function and peritubular capillary density expressed as the percentage of efficient cortical area occupied by peritubular capillaries in pre- and post-transplant graft biopsies. eGFRs 1 and 3 years post-transplant were secondary outcomes. RESULTS Post-transplant biopsies were performed at a median of 113 days (interquartile range, 101-128) after transplantation. Peritubular capillary density went from 15.4% to 11.5% in patients with delayed graft function (median change, -3.7%; interquartile range, -6.6% to -0.8%) and from 19.7% to 15.1% in those with immediate graft function (median change, -4.5%; interquartile range, -8.0% to -0.8%). Although the unadjusted change in peritubular capillary density was similar between patients with and without delayed graft function, delayed graft function was associated with more peritubular capillary loss in the multivariable analysis (adjusted difference in change, -2.9%; 95% confidence interval, -4.0 to -1.8). Pretransplant peritubular capillary density and change in peritubular capillary density were associated with eGFR 1 and 3 years post-transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Perioperative AKI is associated with lower density in peritubular capillaries before transplantation and with loss of peritubular capillaries following transplantation. Lower peritubular capillary density is linked to lower long-term eGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Doreille
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Immunopathology axis, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France
| | - Féryel Azzi
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Larivière-Beaudoin
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Immunopathology axis, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Annie Karakeussian-Rimbaud
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Immunopathology axis, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dominique Trudel
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Pathology Department, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Hébert
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Immunopathology axis, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,Nephrology Department, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Dieudé
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Immunopathology axis, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Natacha Patey
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Immunopathology axis, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Pathology Department, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Héloïse Cardinal
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Immunopathology axis, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,Nephrology Department, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Garessus J, Brito W, Loncle N, Vanelli A, Hendriks-Balk M, Wuerzner G, Schneider A, Burnier M, Pruijm M. Cortical perfusion as assessed with contrast-enhanced ultrasound is lower in patients with chronic kidney disease than in healthy subjects but increases under low salt conditions. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 37:705-712. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Disturbances in renal microcirculation play an important role in the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the lack of easy accessible techniques hampers our understanding of the regulation of the renal microcirculation in humans. We assessed whether contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) can identify differences in cortical perfusion and alterations induced by different dietary salt intakes in CKD patients and controls.
Methods
Participants underwent CEUS twice: once after 5 days of high-salt (HS) intake, and again after 5 days of low salt (LS) diet. Sonovue® (0.015 mL/kg/min) was perfused as contrast agent and four consecutive destruction–reperfusion sequences were analysed per visit. The primary outcome measure was the (change in) mean perfusion index (PI) of the renal cortex.
Results
Forty healthy volunteers (mean age ± standard deviation 50 ± 8 years) and 18 CKD Stages 2–4 patients [aged 55 ± 11 years, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 54 ± 28 mL/min/1.73 m2] were included and underwent CEUS without side effects. Under HS conditions, cortical PI was significantly lower in CKD patients [1618 ± 1352 versus 3176 ± 2278 arbitrary units (a.u) in controls, P = 0.034]. Under LS, renal PI increased in CKD patients (with +1098 to 2716 ± 1540 a.u., P = 0.048), whereas PI remained stable in controls. In the continuous analysis, PI correlated with eGFR (Spearman’s r = 0.54, P = 0.005) but not with age, sex, blood pressure or aldosterone levels.
Conclusions
CEUS identified important reductions in cortical micro-perfusion in patients with moderate CKD. Lowering salt intake increased perfusion in CKD patients, but not in controls, underlining the benefits of an LS diet in CKD patients. Whether a low PI is an early sign of kidney damage and predicts renal function decline needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Garessus
- Service of Nephrology, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wendy Brito
- Service of Nephrology, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Loncle
- Service of Nephrology, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Vanelli
- Service of Nephrology, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marielle Hendriks-Balk
- Service of Nephrology, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire Wuerzner
- Service of Nephrology, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Schneider
- Adult Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Burnier
- Service of Nephrology, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Menno Pruijm
- Service of Nephrology, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Microvascular disease in chronic kidney disease: the base of the iceberg in cardiovascular comorbidity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1333-1356. [PMID: 32542397 PMCID: PMC7298155 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a relentlessly progressive disease with a very high mortality mainly due to cardiovascular complications. Endothelial dysfunction is well documented in CKD and permanent loss of endothelial homeostasis leads to progressive organ damage. Most of the vast endothelial surface area is part of the microcirculation, but most research in CKD-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been devoted to macrovascular complications. We have reviewed all publications evaluating structure and function of the microcirculation in humans with CKD and animals with experimental CKD. Microvascular rarefaction, defined as a loss of perfused microvessels resulting in a significant decrease in microvascular density, is a quintessential finding in these studies. The median microvascular density was reduced by 29% in skeletal muscle and 24% in the heart in animal models of CKD and by 32% in human biopsy, autopsy and imaging studies. CKD induces rarefaction due to the loss of coherent vessel systems distal to the level of smaller arterioles, generating a typical heterogeneous pattern with avascular patches, resulting in a dysfunctional endothelium with diminished perfusion, shunting and tissue hypoxia. Endothelial cell apoptosis, hypertension, multiple metabolic, endocrine and immune disturbances of the uremic milieu and specifically, a dysregulated angiogenesis, all contribute to the multifactorial pathogenesis. By setting the stage for the development of tissue fibrosis and end organ failure, microvascular rarefaction is a principal pathogenic factor in the development of severe organ dysfunction in CKD patients, especially CVD, cerebrovascular dysfunction, muscular atrophy, cachexia, and progression of kidney disease. Treatment strategies for microvascular disease are urgently needed.
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Chen DC, McCallum W, Sarnak MJ, Ku E. Intensive BP Control and eGFR Declines: Are These Events Due to Hemodynamic Effects and Are Changes Reversible? Curr Cardiol Rep 2020; 22:117. [PMID: 32772196 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-020-01365-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Acute declines in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are often observed during intensive blood pressure (BP) lowering. This review focuses on identifying the various mechanisms of eGFR decline associated with intensive BP lowering and evaluates the evidence linking BP control with kidney and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS In 2017, the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) began recommending treatment of all individuals to a BP target of < 130/80 mmHg. Since then, multiple post hoc analyses of BP trials have associated intensive BP lowering with acute declines in kidney function and acute kidney injury; whether these represent reversible changes in the kidney is still debated. There is ample evidence that intensive BP lowering is associated with declines in eGFR. The clinical implications of these events remain unclear. Individualizing the risks and benefits of intensive BP therapy continues to be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie C Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 533 Parnassus Ave, U404, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0532, USA.
| | - Wendy McCallum
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark J Sarnak
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elaine Ku
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 533 Parnassus Ave, U404, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0532, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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35
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Ranjzad P, Jinks J, Salahi AP, Bantounas I, Derby B, Kimber SJ, Woolf AS, Wong JKF. Aberrant Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Kidney Precursor Cells inside Mouse Vascularized Bioreactors. Nephron Clin Pract 2020; 144:509-524. [PMID: 32756058 PMCID: PMC7592943 DOI: 10.1159/000509425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have documented the in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into kidney cells. Fewer studies have followed the fates of such kidney precursor cells (KPCs) inside animals, a more life-like setting. Here, we tested the hypothesis that implanting hPSC-derived KPCs into an in vivo milieu surgically engineered to be highly vascular would enhance their maturation into kidney tissues. METHODS 3D printed chambers containing KPCs were implanted into the thighs of adult immunodeficient mice. In some chambers, an arterial and venous flow-through (AVFT) was surgically fashioned. After 3 weeks and 3 months, implants were studied by histology, using qualitative and quantitative methods. RESULTS After 3 weeks, chambers containing AVFTs were richer in small vessels than contralateral chambers without AVFTs. Glomeruli with capillary loops and diverse types of tubules were detected in all chambers. At 3 months, chambers contained only rudimentary tubules and glomeruli that appeared avascular. In chambers with AVFTs, prominent areas of muscle-like cells were also detected near tubules and the abnormal tissues immunostained for transforming growth factor β1. These features have similarities to renal dysplasia, a typical histological signature of human congenital kidney malformations. CONCLUSIONS This study urges a note of caution regarding the in vivo fates of hPSC-derived kidney precursors, with pathological differentiation appearing to follow a period of increased vascularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Ranjzad
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Jinks
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Amir P Salahi
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Bantounas
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Derby
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Susan J Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian S Woolf
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom,
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom,
| | - Jason K F Wong
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
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36
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Alk1 haploinsufficiency causes glomerular dysfunction and microalbuminuria in diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13136. [PMID: 32753679 PMCID: PMC7403732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68515-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of glomerular damage during diabetic kidney disease (DKD). As such, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in glomerular endothelial dysfunctions could provide novel therapeutic strategies for the prevention of DKD. We have previously shown that Alk1/BMP9 signaling plays an important function to maintain vascular integrity in diabetic animals. As such, we evaluated the effects of Alk1 suppression on glomerular endothelial function in diabetic mice. In the present study, we used mice with conditional heterozygote deletion of Alk1 in the endothelium (Alk1ΔEC) to evaluate the role of Alk1 on kidney function during STZ-induced diabetes. DKD was investigated in diabetic control and Alk1ΔEC mice euthanized eight weeks after the onset of diabetes. We showed that Alk1 expression is reduced in the glomeruli of human DKD patients. While renal function was not altered in Alk1ΔEC non-diabetic mice, we showed that Alk1 haploinsufficiency in the glomerular endothelium leads to microalbuminuria, thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, glomerular apoptosis and podocyte loss in diabetic mice. These data suggest that Alk1 is important for the proper function of glomerular endothelial cells and that decreased Alk1 combined with chronic hyperglycemia can impair renal function.
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37
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Lourenço BN, Coleman AE, Tarigo JL, Berghaus RD, Brown CA, Rissi DR, Stanton JB, Brown SA, Schmiedt CW. Evaluation of profibrotic gene transcription in renal tissues from cats with naturally occurring chronic kidney disease. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:1476-1487. [PMID: 32468592 PMCID: PMC7379026 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased gene transcription of hypoxia-induced mediators of fibrosis in renal tissue has been identified in experimentally induced, ischemic chronic kidney disease (CKD). OBJECTIVE To characterize hypoxia-induced profibrotic pathways in naturally occurring CKD in cats. ANIMALS Twelve client-owned cats with CKD and 8 healthy control cats. METHODS In this prospective, cross-sectional study, bilateral renal tissue samples were assessed histologically for inflammation, tubular atrophy, and fibrosis, and by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR for characterization of transcript levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1A), matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP2), -7 (MMP7), and -9 (MMP9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA). Linear mixed models were used to compare gene transcription between diseased and healthy kidneys, and to examine the association between transcript levels and serum creatinine concentration for all cats, and between transcript levels and histologic scores of diseased kidneys. RESULTS Kidneys from cats with CKD had significantly higher transcript levels of HIF1A, MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, TIMP1, and TGFB1 (all P < .001), and lower levels of VEGFA (P = .006) than those from control cats. Transcript levels of MMP7 (P = .05) and TIMP1 (P = .005) were positively associated with serum creatinine in cats with CKD, but not in control cats. In diseased kidneys, transcript levels of MMP2 (P = .002), MMP7 (P = .02), and TIMP1 (P = .02) were positively, whereas those of VEGFA (P = .003) were negatively, associated with histologic score severity. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Evaluation of the expression of the corresponding proteins in larger populations could identify therapeutic targets and/or biomarkers of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca N Lourenço
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Amanda E Coleman
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jaime L Tarigo
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Roy D Berghaus
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Cathy A Brown
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel R Rissi
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - James B Stanton
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Scott A Brown
- Departments of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery and Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Chad W Schmiedt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Zhang T, Lih D, Nagao RJ, Xue J, Berthier E, Himmelfarb J, Zheng Y, Theberge AB. Open microfluidic coculture reveals paracrine signaling from human kidney epithelial cells promotes kidney specificity of endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F41-F51. [PMID: 32390509 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00069.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) from different human organs possess organ-specific characteristics that support specific tissue regeneration and organ development. EC specificity is identified by both intrinsic and extrinsic cues, among which the parenchyma and organ-specific microenvironment are critical contributors. These extrinsic cues are, however, largely lost during ex vivo cultures. Outstanding challenges remain to understand and reestablish EC organ specificity for in vitro studies to recapitulate human organ-specific physiology. Here, we designed an open microfluidic platform to study the role of human kidney tubular epithelial cells in supporting EC specificity. The platform consists of two independent cell culture regions segregated with a half wall; culture media are added to connect the two culture regions at a desired time point, and signaling molecules can travel across the half wall (paracrine signaling). Specifically, we report that in the microscale coculture device, primary human kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells (HPTECs) rescued primary human kidney peritubular microvascular EC (HKMEC) monolayer integrity and fenestra formation and that HPTECs upregulated key HKMEC kidney-specific genes (hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox B, adherens junctions-associated protein 1, and potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 16) and endothelial activation genes (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, matrix metalloproteinase-7, and matrix metalloproteinase-10) in coculture. Coculturing with HPTECs also promoted kidney-specific genotype expression in human umbilical vein ECs and human pluripotent stem cell-derived ECs. Compared with culture in HPTEC conditioned media, coculture of ECs with HPTECs showed increased upregulation of kidney-specific genes, suggesting potential bidirectional paracrine signaling. Importantly, our device is compatible with standard pipettes, incubators, and imaging readouts and could also be easily adapted to study cell signaling between other rare or sensitive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel Lih
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ryan J Nagao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jun Xue
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Erwin Berthier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jonathan Himmelfarb
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ashleigh B Theberge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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O'Brien K, Saravanabavan S, Zhang JQJ, Wong ATY, Munt A, Burgess JS, Rangan GK. Regression of Peritubular Capillaries Coincides with Angiogenesis and Renal Cyst Growth in Experimental Polycystic Kidney Disease. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2020; 13:53-64. [PMID: 32280260 PMCID: PMC7132028 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s238767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim The natural history of the renal microvasculature changes in PKD is not known. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that angiogenesis is coupled with kidney cyst expansion, and the loss of peritubular capillary networks precedes the onset of interstitial fibrosis. Methods The renal microvasculature (RECA-1 and CD34) was evaluated in groups of Lewis polycystic kidney (LPK) rats and juvenile cystic kidney (jck) mice during the early, mid and late stage of disease. In addition, LPK rats and jck mice received sirolimus to determine if the reduction in renal cyst growth is in part mediated by the suppression of angiogenesis. Results In LPK rats, the loss of peritubular capillaries occurred in early-stage disease and paralleled cyst formation whereas in jck mice it was delayed to the mid stage. In both models, vasa recta were displaced by growing cysts and regressed in LPK rats with disease progression but lengthened in jck mice. Cortical and medullary capillary neoangiogenesis occurred during the early stage in both models and persisted with progression. Treatment with sirolimus reduced cyst enlargement but did not alter the progression of renal microvasculature changes in either model. Conclusion Regression of peritubular capillaries and disruption of vasa recta occur in parallel with angiogenesis and the progressive enlargement of kidney cysts. These data suggest that the regrowth of peritubular capillaries together with inhibition of angiogenesis are potential strategies to be considered in the treatment of PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristal O'Brien
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sayanthooran Saravanabavan
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer Q J Zhang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Annette T Y Wong
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandra Munt
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane S Burgess
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gopala K Rangan
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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40
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Gong P, Zhang Z, Zhang D, Zou Z, Zhang Q, Ma H, Li J, Liao L, Dong J. Effects of endothelial progenitor cells transplantation on hyperlipidemia associated kidney damage in ApoE knockout mouse model. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:53. [PMID: 32209093 PMCID: PMC7093994 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperlipidaemia causes kidney damage over the long term. We investigated the effect of the administration of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) on the progression of kidney damage in a mouse model of hyperlipidaemia. Methods Apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE−/−) mice were treated with a high-cholesterol diet after spleen resection. Twenty-four weeks later, the mice were divided into two groups and intravenously injected with PBS or EPCs. Six weeks later, the recruitment of EPCs to the kidney was monitored by immunofluorescence. The lipid, endothelial cell, and collagen contents in the kidney were evaluated by specific immunostaining. The protein expression levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Smad2/3, and phospho-Smad3 (p-smad3) were detected by western blot analysis. Results ApoE−/− mice treated with a high-fat diet demonstrated glomerular lipid deposition, enlargement of the glomerular mesangial matrix, endothelial cell enlargement accompanied by vacuolar degeneration and an area of interstitial collagen in the kidney. Six weeks after EPC treatment, only a few EPCs were detected in the kidney tissues of ApoE−/− mice, mainly in the kidney interstitial area. No significant differences in TGF-β, p-smad3 or smad2/3 expression were found between the PBS group and the EPC treatment group (TGF-β expression, PBS group: 1.06 ± 0.09, EPC treatment group: 1.09 ± 0.17, P = 0.787; p-smad3/smad2/3 expression: PBS group: 1.11 ± 0.41, EPC treatment group: 1.05 ± 0.33, P = 0.861). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that hyperlipidaemia causes basement membrane thickening, glomerulosclerosis and the vascular degeneration of endothelial cells. The long-term administration of EPCs substantially has limited effect in the progression of kidney damage in a mouse model of hyperlipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyun Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zhongwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Zhiwei Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Huimei Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jingxiu Li
- Quality control office, People's Hospital of Gaoqing, Zibo, 256300, China
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, China. .,Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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Oppelaar JJ, Vogt L. Body Fluid-Independent Effects of Dietary Salt Consumption in Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2779. [PMID: 31731658 PMCID: PMC6893804 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The average dietary salt (i.e., sodium chloride) intake in Western society is about 10 g per day. This greatly exceeds the lifestyle recommendations by the WHO to limit dietary salt intake to 5 g. There is robust evidence that excess salt intake is associated with deleterious effects including hypertension, kidney damage and adverse cardiovascular health. In patients with chronic kidney disease, moderate reduction of dietary salt intake has important renoprotective effects and positively influences the efficacy of common pharmacological treatment regimens. During the past several years, it has become clear that besides influencing body fluid volume high salt also induces tissue remodelling and activates immune cell homeostasis. The exact pathophysiological pathway in which these salt-induced fluid-independent effects contribute to CKD is not fully elucidated, nonetheless it is clear that inflammation and the development of fibrosis play a major role in the pathogenic mechanisms of renal diseases. This review focuses on body fluid-independent effects of salt contributing to CKD pathogenesis and cardiovascular health. Additionally, the question whether better understanding of these pathophysiological pathways, related to high salt consumption, might identify new potential treatment options will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liffert Vogt
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mansour SG, Zhang WR, Moledina DG, Coca SG, Jia Y, Thiessen-Philbrook H, McArthur E, Inoue K, Koyner JL, Shlipak MG, Wilson FP, Garg AX, Ishibe S, Parikh CR. The Association of Angiogenesis Markers With Acute Kidney Injury and Mortality After Cardiac Surgery. Am J Kidney Dis 2019; 74:36-46. [PMID: 30955944 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE The process of angiogenesis after kidney injury may determine recovery and long-term outcomes. We evaluated the association of angiogenesis markers with acute kidney injury (AKI) and mortality after cardiac surgery. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 1,444 adults undergoing cardiac surgery in the TRIBE-AKI (Translational Research Investigating Biomarker Endpoints for Acute Kidney Injury) cohort. EXPOSURES Plasma concentrations of 2 proangiogenic markers (vascular endothelial growth factor A [VEGF] and placental growth factor [PGF]) and 1 antiangiogenic marker (soluble VEGF receptor 1 [VEGFR1]), measured pre- and postoperatively within 6 hours after surgery. OUTCOMES AKI, long AKI duration (≥7 days), and 1-year all-cause mortality. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Following cardiac surgery, plasma VEGF concentrations decreased 2-fold, and PGF and VEGFR1 concentrations increased 1.5- and 8-fold, respectively. There were no meaningful associations of preoperative concentrations of angiogenic markers with outcomes of AKI and mortality. Higher postoperative VEGF and PGF concentrations were independently associated with lower odds of AKI (adjusted ORs of 0.89 [95% CI, 0.82-0.98] and 0.69 [95% CI, 0.55-0.87], respectively), long AKI duration (0.65 [95% CI, 0.49-0.87] and 0.48 [95% CI, 0.28-0.82], respectively), and mortality (0.74 [95% CI, 0.62-0.89] and 0.46 [95% CI, 0.31-0.68], respectively). In contrast, higher postoperative VEGFR1 concentrations were independently associated with higher odds of AKI (1.56; 95% CI, 1.31-1.87), long AKI duration (1.75; 95% CI, 1.09-2.82), and mortality (2.28; 95% CI, 1.61-3.22). LIMITATIONS Angiogenesis markers were not measured after hospital discharge, so we were unable to determine long-term trajectories of angiogenesis marker levels during recovery and follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of postoperative proangiogenic markers, VEGF and PGF, were associated with lower AKI and mortality risk, whereas higher postoperative antiangiogenic VEGFR1 levels were associated with higher risk for AKI and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry G Mansour
- Program of Applied Translational Research, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - William R Zhang
- Program of Applied Translational Research, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Kidney Health Research Collaborative and Division of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Dennis G Moledina
- Program of Applied Translational Research, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Steven G Coca
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Yaqi Jia
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Eric McArthur
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kazunori Inoue
- Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jay L Koyner
- Section of Nephrology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael G Shlipak
- Kidney Health Research Collaborative and Division of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - F Perry Wilson
- Program of Applied Translational Research, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Amit X Garg
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Chirag R Parikh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
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Zhao J, Meng M, Zhang J, Li L, Zhu X, Zhang L, Wang C, Gao M. Astaxanthin ameliorates renal interstitial fibrosis and peritubular capillary rarefaction in unilateral ureteral obstruction. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3168-3178. [PMID: 30816496 PMCID: PMC6423568 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of peritubular capillaries is a notable feature of progressive renal interstitial fibrosis. Astaxanthin (ASX) is a natural carotenoid with various biological activities. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of ASX on unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)‑induced renal fibrosis in mice. For that purpose, mice were randomly divided into five treatment groups: Sham, ASX 100 mg/kg, UUO, UUO + ASX 50 mg/kg and UUO + ASX 100 mg/kg. ASX was administered to the mice for 7 or 14 days following UUO. The results demonstrated that UUO‑induced histopathological changes in the kidney tissue were prevented by ASX. Renal function was improved by ASX treatment, as evidenced by decreased blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels. Furthermore, the extent of renal fibrosis and collagen deposition induced by UUO was suppressed by ASX. The levels of collagen I, fibronectin and α‑smooth muscle actin were increased by UUO in mice or by transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1 treatment in NRK‑52E cells, and were reduced by ASX administration. In addition, ASX inhibited the UUO‑induced decrease in peritubular capillary density by upregulating vascular endothelial growth factor and downregulating thrombospondin 1 levels. Inactivation of the TGF‑β1/Smad signaling pathway was involved in the anti‑fibrotic mechanism of ASX in UUO mice and TGF‑β1‑treated NRK‑52E cells. In conclusion, ASX attenuated renal interstitial fibrosis and peritubular capillary rarefaction via inactivation of the TGF‑β1/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Meixia Meng
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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Hydrogen Sulfide Protects Hyperhomocysteinemia-Induced Renal Damage by Modulation of Caveolin and eNOS Interaction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2223. [PMID: 30778103 PMCID: PMC6379383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of homocysteine (Hcy) during chronic kidney failure (CKD) can exert toxic effects on the glomeruli and tubulo-interstitial region. Among the potential mechanisms, the formation of highly reactive metabolite, Hcy thiolactone, is known to modify proteins by N-homocysteinylation, leading to protein degradation, stress and impaired function. Previous studies documented impaired nitric oxide production and altered caveolin expression in hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), leading to endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to determine whether Hhcy homocysteinylates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and alters caveolin-1 expression to decrease nitric oxide bioavailability, causing hypertension and renal dysfunction. We also examined whether hydrogen sulfide (H2S) could dehomocysteinylate eNOS to protect the kidney. WT and Cystathionine β-Synthase deficient (CBS+/-) mice representing HHcy were treated without or with sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS), a H2S donor (30 µM), in drinking water for 8 weeks. Hhcy mice (CBS+/-) showed low levels of plasma H2S, elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and renal dysfunction. H2S treatment reduced SBP and improved renal function. Hhcy was associated with homocysteinylation of eNOS, reduced enzyme activity and upregulation of caveolin-1 expression. Further, Hhcy increased extracellular matrix (ECM) protein deposition and disruption of gap junction proteins, connexins. H2S treatment reversed the changes above and transfection of triple genes producing H2S (CBS, CSE and 3MST) showed reduction of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. We conclude that during Hhcy, homocysteinylation of eNOS and disruption of caveolin-mediated regulation leads to ECM remodeling and hypertension, and H2S treatment attenuates renovascular damage.
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Wang X, Fan F, Jia J, Xu X, Qin X, Zheng B, Li H, Dong L, Wang S, Li J, Huo Y, Dou J, Zhang Y. Association of different glucose traits with kidney function decline risk in a Chinese community-based population without chronic kidney disease. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2018; 14:1725-1734. [PMID: 30271157 PMCID: PMC6147541 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s167233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a major issue worldwide and hyperglycemia is known as an important risk factor responsible for CKD progression. Few studies have investigated whether fasting plasma glucose (FPG) could predict kidney function decline (KFD) risk better than postprandial plasma glucose, and vice versa. In this study, we investigated the roles of FPG and 2-hour plasma glucose (2 h-PG) in predicting KFD risk in a Chinese community-based population without baseline deterioration of kidney functions. Methods Subjects with normal kidney function from an atherosclerosis cohort in Beijing, China were followed up for 2.3 years. The outcome was KFD (a drop in glomerular filtration rate category accompanied by 25% or greater decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate from the baseline or a sustained decline of more than 5 mL/min/1.73 m2/year rate). Results A total of 3,738 subjects were included of which, 7.7% of the subjects suffered from KFD. After covariates adjustments, both FPG (OR =1.23, P<0.001) and 2 h-PG (OR =1.07, P<0.001) were associated with KFD. Furthermore, FPG was independent of 2 h-PG to predict KFD (OR =1.26, P<0.001). Subgroup analyses and interaction tests including diabetes mellitus, after adjusting all covariates, revealed no significant heterogeneity among analyzed subgroups. We also found subjects with FPG level of 6.1–7.0 mmol/L and >7.0 mmol/L had 1.83 times and 2.51 times KFD risk respectively, compared to subjects with FPG level <5.6 mmol/L. Conclusion FPG was superior to 2 h-PG in predicting KFD in a Chinese community-based population without CKD. FPG screening may be an important measure for CKD primary prevention even in subjects with impaired fasting glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,
| | - Fangfang Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,
| | - Jia Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,
| | - Xin Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Qin
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,
| | - Haixia Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liguang Dong
- Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Wang
- Beijing Hypertension League Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,
| | - Jingtao Dou
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China,
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Modified scanning electron microscopy reveals pathological crosstalk between endothelial cells and podocytes in a murine model of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10276. [PMID: 29980767 PMCID: PMC6035194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated endothelial cells and podocytes, both being primary components of the glomerular filtration barrier, in the progression of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) using modified scanning electron microscopy (mSEM) analysis. BXSB/MpJ-Yaa model mice exhibited autoimmune-mediated MPGN characterised by elevated serum autoantibody levels, albuminuria, renal dysfunctional parameters, and decreased glomerular endothelial fenestrations (EF) and podocyte foot process (PFP) effacement with immune cell infiltration. Similar to transmission electron microscopy, mSEM revealed a series of pathological changes in basement membrane and densities of EF and PFP in BXSB/MpJ-Yaa compared with control BXSB/MpJ at different stages. Further, immunopositive area of endothelial marker (CD34), podocyte functional molecules (Nephrin, Podocin, Synaptopodin, and Wilms’ tumour 1 (WT1)), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF A) significantly decreased in the glomerulus of BXSB/MpJ-Yaa compared with BXSB at final stage. The indices of glomerular endothelial injuries (EF density and immunopositive area of CD34 and VEGF A) and podocyte injuries (PEP density and immunopositive area of podocyte functional molecules) were also significantly correlated with each other and with indices of autoimmune disease and renal dysfunction. Thus, our results elucidated the pathological crosstalk between endothelial cells and podocytes in MPGN progression and the usefulness of mSEM for glomerular pathological analysis.
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Yi JH, Han SW, Kim WY, Kim J, Park MH. Effects of aristolochic acid I and/or hypokalemia on tubular damage in C57BL/6 rat with aristolochic acid nephropathy. Korean J Intern Med 2018; 33:763-773. [PMID: 28192889 PMCID: PMC6030418 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS This study was designed to investigate the roles of aristolochic acid I (AA-I) and hypokalemia in acute aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). METHODS After an adaptation period (1 week), a total of 40 C57BL/6 mice (male, 8 weeks old) were divided into four groups: I (control group), II (low potassium [K] diet), III (normal K diet with administration of AA-I [10 mg/kg weight]), and IV (low K diet with AA-I). After collecting 24 hours of urine at 2 weeks, the mice were sacrificed, and their blood and kidneys were obtained to perform immunochemical staining and/or Western blot analysis. RESULTS Proteinuria, glycosuria, and increased fractional excretion of sodium and K were prominent in groups III and IV (p < 0.05). Diffuse swelling and poor staining of collecting duct epithelial cells were evident in the medullas of group II. Typical lesions of toxic acute tubular injury were prominent in the cortices of groups III and IV. Α-Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was higher in the cortices of the mice in groups III and IV versus group II (p < 0.05), and higher in the medullas of group IV than groups I and III (p < 0.05). E-cadherin was higher in the cortices of groups III and IV compared to group I (p < 0.05). The F4/80 value was higher in the cortices and medullas of groups II, III, and IV compared to group I (p < 0.05), particularly in the case of group II. CONCLUSIONS AA-I can induce acquired Fanconi syndrome in the acute stage of AAN. Macrophages appear to play a key role in the pathogenesis of AAN and hypokalemic nephropathy. It remains uncertain whether hypokalemia plays any role in AAN and hypokalemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hark Yi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Sang-Woong Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
- Correspondence to Sang-Woong Han, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri 11923, Korea Tel: +82-31-560-2231 Fax: +82-31-566-0801 E-mail:
| | - Wan-Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon-Hyang Park
- Department of Pathology, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
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Cobalt treatment does not prevent glomerular morphological alterations in type 1 diabetic rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:933-944. [PMID: 29860656 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Early renal morphological alterations including glomerular hypertrophy and mesangial expansion occur in diabetic kidney disease and correlate with various clinical manifestations of diabetes. The present study was designed to investigate the influence of pharmacological modulation of HIF-1α (hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha) protein levels, on these glomerular changes in rodent model of type 1 diabetes. Male wistar rats were made diabetic (Streptozotocin 45 mg/kg; i.p.) and afterwards treated with HIF activator cobalt chloride for 4 weeks. Renal function was assessed by serum creatinine, albumin, proteinuria levels, oxidative stress: reduced glutathione levels and catalase activity, and renal tissue HIF-1α protein levels were determined by ELISA assay. Histological analysis of kidney sections was done by haematoxylin and eosin (glomeruli diameter), periodic acid Schiff (mesangial expansion and glomerulosclerosis) and sirius red (fibrosis, tubular dilation) staining. Diabetes rats displayed reduced serum albumin levels, marked proteinuria, lower kidney reduced glutathione content, glomerular hypertrophy, glomerulosclerosis, mesangial expansion, tubular dilation and renal fibrosis. Cobalt chloride treatment normalised renal HIF-1α protein levels, reduced development of proteinuria and tubulo-interstitial fibrosis, but the glomerular morphological alterations such as glomerulosclerosis, mesangial expansion, increased glomerular diameter and tubular vacoulations were not abrogated in diabetic kidneys. Glomerular morphological abnormalities might precede the development of proteinuria and renal fibrosis in experimental model of type 1 diabetes. Pharmacological modulation of renal HIF-1α protein levels does not influence glomerular and tubular dilatory changes in diabetic kidney disease.
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ARFIAN N, KUSUMA MHH, ANGGOROWATI N, NUGROHO DB, JEFFILANO A, SUZUKI Y, IKEDA K, EMOTO N. Vitamin D Upregulates Endothelin-1, ETBR, eNOS mRNA Expression and Attenuates Vascular Remodelling and Ischemia in Kidney Fibrosis Model in Mice Vitamin D Upregulates Endothelin-1, ETBR, eNOS mRNA Expression and Attenuates Vascular Remodelling and Ischemia in Kidney Fibrosis Model in Mice. Physiol Res 2018; 67:S137-S147. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the upregulation of ET-1/ETBR/eNOS signaling in renoprotective effect of vitamin D in kidney fibrosis model in mice using unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). One group was treated with intraperitoneal injection of 0.125 mg/kg of Calcitriol (UUO+VD). Vascular remodeling was quantified based on lumen area and lumen/wall area ratio (LWAR) of intrarenal arteries using Sirius Red staining. ET-1, ETBR, eNOS, CD31 and VEGF mRNA expressions were quantified using qRT-PCR. Focusing on endothelin-1 (ET-1) signaling in endothelial cells (EC), siRNA of ET-1 was performed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) for reducing ET-1 expression. Then HUVECs were treated with and without 100 nM Calcitriol treatment in hypoxic and normoxic conditions to elucidate ET-1/eNOS signaling. Our in vivo study revealed vascular remodeling and renal ischemia attenuation after Calcitriol treatment. Vascular remodeling was attenuated in the UUO+VD group as shown by increasing lumen areas and LWAR in intrarenal arteries. These findings were associated with significant higher CD31 and VEGF mRNA expression compared to the UUO group. Vitamin D treatment also increased ET-1, ETBR and eNOS mRNA expressions. Our in vitro study demonstrated Calcitriol induced ET-1 and eNOS mRNA expressions upregulation in HUVEC under normoxic and hypoxic condition. Meanwhile, siRNA for ET-1 inhibited the upregulation of eNOS mRNA expression after Calcitriol treatment. Vitamin D ameliorates kidney fibrosis through attenuating vascular remodeling and ischemia with upregulating ET-1/ETBR and eNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. ARFIAN
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Abstract
Abstract
Background: Renal microvascular disease and reduction in peritubular capillary flow are generally observed in type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN). Earlier therapeutic strategy with vasodilators has improved renal function in normo-albuminuric type 2 DN. Objective: Study the mechanism of vascular homeostasis in twenty patients associated with normo-albuminuric type 2 DN. Results: Angiogenic factors were observed in normo-albuminuric type 2 DN, where vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), was 420 ± 341 vs. 428±291 pg/mL (normal), and vascular endothelial growth factor - receptor 1 (VEGF-R1) was 60±12 vs. 49±5 ng/mL (normal), which were not significantly different from the controls. Anti-angiogenic factors were observed in normo-albuminuric type 2 DN, where angiopoietin-2, was 2309+1125 vs. 1671±835 pg/mL (normal), and vascular endothelial growth factor - receptor 2 (VEGF-R2) was 5715±1400 vs.6126 ±1060 ng/mL (normal), which were not significantly different from the controls. Conclusion: The mechanism of vascular homeostasis was adequately functional in normo-albuminuric type 2 DN. This mechanism may explain the positive response to vasodilators and improved renal function in early stage of type 2 DN following the vasodilator treatment.
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