1
|
Kumari R, Sharma SD, Kumar A, Ende Z, Mishina M, Wang Y, Falls Z, Samudrala R, Pohl J, Knight PR, Sambhara S. Antiviral Approaches against Influenza Virus. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0004022. [PMID: 36645300 PMCID: PMC10035319 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00040-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Preventing and controlling influenza virus infection remains a global public health challenge, as it causes seasonal epidemics to unexpected pandemics. These infections are responsible for high morbidity, mortality, and substantial economic impact. Vaccines are the prophylaxis mainstay in the fight against influenza. However, vaccination fails to confer complete protection due to inadequate vaccination coverages, vaccine shortages, and mismatches with circulating strains. Antivirals represent an important prophylactic and therapeutic measure to reduce influenza-associated morbidity and mortality, particularly in high-risk populations. Here, we review current FDA-approved influenza antivirals with their mechanisms of action, and different viral- and host-directed influenza antiviral approaches, including immunomodulatory interventions in clinical development. Furthermore, we also illustrate the potential utility of machine learning in developing next-generation antivirals against influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Kumari
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Suresh D. Sharma
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amrita Kumar
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zachary Ende
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), CDC Fellowship Program, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Margarita Mishina
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Association of Public Health Laboratories, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Zackary Falls
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ram Samudrala
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jan Pohl
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Paul R. Knight
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Andreev-Andrievskiy AA, Zinovkin RA, Mashkin MA, Frolova OY, Kazaishvili YG, Scherbakova VS, Rudoy BA, Nesterenko VG. Gene Expression Pattern of Peyer's Patch Lymphocytes Exposed to Kagocel Suggests Pattern-Recognition Receptors Mediate Its Action. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:679511. [PMID: 34413772 PMCID: PMC8369352 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.679511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Kagocel is a synthetic carboxymethylcellulose derivative copolymerized with gossypol. Clinical data evidence its safety and efficiency for the treatment of flu and other viral infections via enhancement of interferon production. The gut-associated lymphoid tissue seems a likely site of kagocel action. The study was aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of its action using murine Peyer’s patches lymphocytes as a test system and the cytokines production and gene expression patterns as the primary outcomes. The Peyer’s patches lymphocytes isolated from BALB/c mice were stimulated with concanavalin A, or, to mimic viral infection, with a combination of concanavalin A and TLR3 ligand poly I:C. After 24 h of stimulation the cells were treated with saline, 30, 100, or 300 μg/ml of kagocel, or, as positive controls, 300 μg/ml oats b-D-glucan or 300 μg/ml lentinan. After 24 and 72 h of incubation with these drugs cytokines production was analyzed with ELISA and gene expression pattern was investigated using nCounter Inflammation panel chips followed by bioinformatics analysis. Expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response, antiviral defense, lymphocytes survival and proliferation (C1qa, C2, C3, Ccl21a, Il11, Il1b, Il23a, Il5, Ltb4r2, Alox15, Pla2g4a, Ptger1, Mapkapk5, Hras, Ifna1, Tlr2, Mrc1, Mx2) was upregulated in kagocel-treated Peyer’s patches lymphocytes. A list of plausible transcription factors (CEBPs, IRF, NFκB, RXR, Stat, Tead4, and ZSCAN) and master-regulators has been identified (cIAP, CIKS, dock9, MEKK1, FXR, IKK, IRAK, TRAF, dsRNA:TLR3:TRIF). The changes in gene expression pattern and the outcomes of bioinformatics analysis suggest that pattern recognition receptors, TLRs and dectin-1, are the key mediators of kagocel immunomodulatory action, with the possible involvement of interferon autocrine loop. The genes upregulated with kagocel include diverse components of the innate immune defense system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Andreev-Andrievskiy
- Biology Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,MSU Institute for Mitoengineering, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman A Zinovkin
- MSU Institute for Mitoengineering, Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Mashkin
- MSU Institute for Mitoengineering, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Yuriy G Kazaishvili
- N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Boris A Rudoy
- N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Nesterenko
- N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khodashahi R, Naderi H, Bojdy A, Heydari AA, Sani AT, Ghabouli MJ, Sarvghad MR, Haddad M, Arian M, Jahanian S, Mazidi S, Pasand MM, Hoseini B, Dadgarmoghaddam M, Khorsand A, Khodashahi M. Comparison the Effect of Arbidol Plus Hydroxychloroquine vs Hydroxychloroquine Alone in Treatment of COVID-19 Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial. CURRENT RESPIRATORY MEDICINE REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573398x17666210129125703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim:
The main challenging issue about coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) is the production of safe and stable vaccines, which is a very long process. Due to the
emergency situation, regular and extensive screening of available and traditional drugs, which are
commonly used for the treatment of similar viral diseases, can be a reasonable option. The present
study aimed to compare the administration of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) plus arbidol to the use of
HCQ alone in the treatment of COVID-19 infection.
Methods and Materials:
This single-blind randomized controlled trial was carried out on a total of
100 patients with COVID-19 referring to the infection ward of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad,
Iran, in 2020. The patients were randomly assigned to two HCQ alone and HCQ plus arbidol
groups.
Results:
According to the obtained results, hematological parameters, including white blood cell
count, hemoglobin level, lymphocyte count, and platelet count, improved in patients with
COVID-19 after the treatment with both HCQ plus arbidol and HCQ alone (P<0.005). The mean
values of the reduction time of C-reactive protein (CRP) were 4.48±1.24 and 8.22±2.08 days in the
arbidol and HCQ alone groups, respectively, indicating that CRP decreased faster in the arbidol
group than that reported for the HCQ alone group (Z=0.-7.85; P<0.000). The mean scores of hospital
stay were reported as 5.89±2.04 and 9.35±3.72 days in the arbidol and HCQ alone groups, respectively
(Z=-4.31; P<0.005). All the patients in the arbidol group survived, while 6% of the subjects
in the HCQ alone group died. In addition, the drug regimen was not changed for any patient,
and no subject was transferred to the intensive care unit in the arbidol group.
Conclusion:
In summary, the administration of both arbidol and HCQ leads to the improvement of
the hematological parameters. The present study introduced arbidol as an effective treatment for
moderate to severe patients with COVID-19, which not only reduced the time of CRP normalization
level but also decreased the hospitalization duration and mortality compared to those reported
for HCQ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rozita Khodashahi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine ,Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Naderi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine ,Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Bojdy
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine ,Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Heydari
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine ,Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ashraf Tavanaee Sani
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine ,Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Ghabouli
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine ,Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sarvghad
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine ,Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Haddad
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine ,Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Arian
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine ,Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Jahanian
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine ,Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Mazidi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine ,Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maziar Mortazavi Pasand
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine ,Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Binyamin Hoseini
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maliheh Dadgarmoghaddam
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Khorsand
- Department of Complementary and Chinese Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mandana Khodashahi
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khodashahi R, Naderi H, Bojdy A, Khodashahi M. Effectiveness of Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Agents in the Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review. CURRENT RESPIRATORY MEDICINE REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573398x16999201202121247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) posed a severe threat to global health. Therefore, new findings on effective
treatment for symptomatic patients with COVID-19 are considered among emergency issues.
This systematic review investigated the effectiveness of pharmacologic interventions in the
management of patients with COVID-19. All the articles published in three electronic databases, including
Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science, were searched from September 15 to
September 30, 2020. Eventually, 24 papers published till September 30 remained to be included in
this review. The effectiveness of immunomodulatory and antiviral agents in the treatment of patients
with COVID-19 was assessed in this review. The obtained results of the current review rejected
the potential of HCQ for the treatment of COVID; however, there was a clinical improvement in
patients treated with ruxolitinib in comparison to that reported for the control group. Methylprednisolone,
dexamethasone, and calcifediol were suggested as beneficial treatments for patients with
COVID-19. The potential efficacy of these antiviral drugs against the SARS-CoV-2 virus is controversial;
nevertheless, the triple combination of antiviral and immunomodulatory agents is effective
in suppressing the shedding of SARS-CoV-2. There have been no supportive data on the superiority
of favipiravir and LPV/r to standard care in the treatment of COVID-19. In addition, no difference
was observed between favipiravir and arbidol for the treatment of these patients. There was an
association between remdesivir treatment and a reduction of 5 days in clinical improvement among
COVID-19 patients. It is required to carry out further RCTs with an in-depth research basis on
COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rozita Khodashahi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Naderi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Bojdy
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mandana Khodashahi
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dixit SB, Zirpe KG, Kulkarni AP, Chaudhry D, Govil D, Mehta Y, Jog SA, Khatib KI, Pandit RA, Samavedam S, Rangappa P, Bandopadhyay S, Shrivastav O, Mhatre U. Current Approaches to COVID-19: Therapy and Prevention. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020; 24:838-846. [PMID: 33132570 PMCID: PMC7584839 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide. As our understanding of the disease is evolving, our approach to the patient management is also changing swiftly. Available new evidence is helping us take radical decisions in COVID-19 management. We searched for inclusion of the published literature on treatment of COVID-19 from around the globe. All relevant evidences available till the time of submission of this article were briefly discussed. Once advised as blanket therapy for all patients, recent reports of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin indicated no potential benefit and use of such combination may increase the risk of arrhythmias. Clinical evidence with newer antivirals such as remdesivir and favipiravir is promising that can hasten the patient recovery and reduce the mortality. With steroids, evidence is much clear in that it should be used in low dose and for short period not extending beyond 7 days in moderate to severe hospitalized patients. Low-molecular-weight heparin should be initiated in all hospitalized COVID-19 patients and dose should be based on the coagulation profile and risk of thromboembolism. Immunomodulatory drugs such tocilizumab may be considered for severe and critically ill patients to improve the outcomes. Though ulinastatin can be a potential alternative immunomodulator, there is lack of clinical evidence on its usage in COVID-19. Convalescent plasma therapy can be potentially lifesaving in critically ill patients. However, there is need to generate further evidence with various such therapies. Though availability of a potent vaccine is awaited, current treatment of COVID-19 is based on available therapies, which is guided by the evidence. In this review, we discuss the potential treatments available around the globe with current evidence on each of such treatments. How to cite this article: Dixit SB, Zirpe KG, Kulkarni AP, Chaudhry D, Govil D, Mehta Y, et al. Current Approaches to COVID-19: Therapy and Prevention. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(9):838-846.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kapil G Zirpe
- Neuro Trauma Unit, Grant Medical Foundation, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Atul P Kulkarni
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dhruva Chaudhry
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Govil
- Institute of Critical Care and Anesthesia, Medanta: The Medicty, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Yatin Mehta
- Department of Critical Care and Anesthesiology, Medanta: The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Sameer A Jog
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Khalid I Khatib
- Department of Medicine, SKN Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul A Pandit
- Intensive Care Unit, Fortis Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Srinivas Samavedam
- Department of Critical Care, Virinchi Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Susruta Bandopadhyay
- Department of Critical Care, AMRI Hospital, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Ujwala Mhatre
- Department of Critical Care, Nanavati Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y, Xie Z, Lin W, Cai W, Wen C, Guan Y, Mo X, Wang J, Wang Y, Peng P, Chen X, Hong W, Xiao G, Liu J, Zhang L, Hu F, Li F, Zhang F, Deng X, Li L. Efficacy and Safety of Lopinavir/Ritonavir or Arbidol in Adult Patients with Mild/Moderate COVID-19: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. MED 2020; 1:105-113.e4. [PMID: 32838353 PMCID: PMC7235585 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Antiviral therapies against the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which has caused a global pandemic of respiratory illness called COVID-19, are still lacking. Methods Our study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04252885, named ELACOI), was an exploratory randomized (2:2:1) controlled trial assessing the efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) or arbidol monotherapy for treating patients with mild/moderate COVID-19. Findings This study successfully enrolled 86 patients with mild/moderate COVID-19, with 34 randomly assigned to receive LPV/r, 35 to arbidol, and 17 with no antiviral medication as control. Baseline characteristics of the three groups were comparable. The primary endpoint, the rate of positive-to-negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, was similar between groups (all p > 0.05). There were no differences between groups in the secondary endpoints, the rates of antipyresis, cough alleviation, or improvement of chest computed tomography (CT) at days 7 or 14 (all p > 0.05). At day 7, 8 (23.5%) patients in the LPV/r group, 3 (8.6%) in the arbidol group, and 2 (11.8%) in the control group showed a deterioration in clinical status from moderate to severe/critical (p = 0.206). Overall, 12 (35.3%) patients in the LPV/r group and 5 (14.3%) in the arbidol group experienced adverse events during the follow-up period. No apparent adverse event occurred in the control group. Conclusions LPV/r or arbidol monotherapy present little benefit for improving the clinical outcome of patients hospitalized with mild/moderate COVID-19 over supportive care. Funding This study was supported by project 2018ZX10302103-002, 2017ZX10202102-003-004, and Infectious Disease Specialty of Guangzhou High-level Clinical Key Specialty (2019-2021). Effective therapies against COVID-19 are urgently needed Lopinavir/ritonavir and arbidol were tested in patients with mild/moderate COVID-19 Neither treatment shows significant advantage over supportive care
The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is causing the current COVID-19 pandemic, which has affected over 1 million people worldwide. As the scientific community researches new treatments against the disease, drugs that have already been approved for other viruses are also being tested. Here, clinicians from Guangzhou Medical University tested lopinavir/ritonavir and arbidol, which are currently used against HIV-1 and influenza, respectively, in patients with mild or moderate COVID-19. The authors show that neither drug improves the recovery compared to standard care, suggesting that treatment with either drug may not be beneficial against COVID-19 and other therapies may be a more effective choice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Li
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhiwei Xie
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Weiyin Lin
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Weiping Cai
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chunyan Wen
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yujuan Guan
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiaoneng Mo
- Department of Respiration, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ping Peng
- Department of Respiration, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Xudan Chen
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wenxin Hong
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Guangming Xiao
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jinxin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Lieguang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Fengyu Hu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Feng Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xilong Deng
- Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Linghua Li
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hao X, Li F, Lv Q, Xu Y, Han Y, Gao H. Establishment of BALB/C mouse models of influenza A H1N1 aerosol inhalation. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1918-1929. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin‐Yan Hao
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC); Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging infectiousBeijing China
| | - Feng‐Di Li
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC); Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging infectiousBeijing China
| | - Qi Lv
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC); Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging infectiousBeijing China
| | - Yan‐Feng Xu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC); Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging infectiousBeijing China
| | - Yun‐Lin Han
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC); Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging infectiousBeijing China
| | - Hong Gao
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC); Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging infectiousBeijing China
| |
Collapse
|