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Bussières A, Hancock MJ, Elklit A, Ferreira ML, Ferreira PH, Stone LS, Wideman TH, Boruff JT, Al Zoubi F, Chaudhry F, Tolentino R, Hartvigsen J. Adverse childhood experience is associated with an increased risk of reporting chronic pain in adulthood: a stystematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2284025. [PMID: 38111090 PMCID: PMC10993817 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2284025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been shown to negatively affect health in adulthood. Estimates of associations between ACEs and chronic painful conditions are lacking.Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate associations between exposure to ACEs and chronic pain and pain-related disability in adults.Methods: We searched 10 electronic databases from inception to February 2023. We included observational studies assessing associations between direct ACEs (childhood sexual, physical, emotional abuse, or neglect) alone or in combination with indirect ACEs (witnessing domestic violence, household mental illness), and adult chronic pain (≥3 months duration) and pain-related disability (daily activities limited by chronic pain). Pairs of reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study risks of bias. Random-effect models were used to calculate pooled adjusted odds ratios [aOR]. Tau square [T2], 95% prediction intervals [95%PI] and I2 expressed the amount of heterogeneity, and meta-regressions and subgroup meta-analyses investigated sources of heterogeneity (PROSPERO: CRD42020150230).Results: We identified 85 studies including 826,452 adults of which 57 studies were included in meta-analyses. Study quality was generally good or fair (n = 70). The odds of reporting chronic pain in adulthood were significantly higher among individuals exposed to a direct ACE (aOR, 1.45, 95%CI, 1.38-1.53). Individuals reporting childhood physical abuse were significantly more likely to report both chronic pain (aOR, 1.50, 95CI, 1.39-1.64) and pain-related disability (1.46, 95CI, 1.03-2.08) during adulthood. Exposure to any ACEs alone or combined with indirect ACEs significantly increase the odds of adult chronic painful conditions (aOR, 1.53, 95%CI, 1.42-1.65) and pain-related disability (aOR, 1.29; 95%CI, 1.01-1.66). The risk of chronic pain in adulthood significantly increased from one ACE (aOR, 1.29, 95%CI, 1.22-1.37) to four or more ACEs (1.95, 95%CI, 1.73-2.19).Conclusions: Single and cumulative ACEs are significantly associated with reporting of chronic pain and pain-related disability as an adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Bussières
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Département Chiropratique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Mark J. Hancock
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ask Elklit
- National Centre for Psychotraumatology, Department of Psychology, University of Southern DenmarkOdense, Denmark
| | - Manuela L. Ferreira
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, The Kolling Institute, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paulo H. Ferreira
- Musculoskeletal Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Laura S. Stone
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy H. Wideman
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jill T. Boruff
- Schulich Library of Physical Sciences, Life Sciences, and Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Fadi Al Zoubi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Fauzia Chaudhry
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Raymond Tolentino
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal
| | - Jan Hartvigsen
- Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Chiropractic Knowledge Hub, Odense, Denmark
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Pati S, Sinha A, Verma P, Kshatri J, Kanungo S, Sahoo KC, Mahapatra P, Pati S, Delpino FM, Krolow A, Teixeira DSDC, Batista S, Nunes BP, Weller D, Mercer SW. Childhood health and educational disadvantage are associated with adult multimorbidity in the global south: findings from a cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative surveys in India and Brazil. J Epidemiol Community Health 2023; 77:617-624. [PMID: 37541775 PMCID: PMC10511991 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2022-219507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multimorbidity has emerged as a major healthcare challenge in low/middle-income countries (LMICs) such as India and Brazil. Life course epidemiology suggests that adverse events in early life contribute to an individual's later health in adulthood. However, little is known about the influence of early life health and social factors on the development of multimorbidity in adulthood in LMICs. We aimed to explore the association of adult multimorbidity with childhood health and social disadvantages among two LMICs, India and Brazil. METHODS We conducted a secondary data analysis of older adults aged ≥50 years using nationally representative surveys from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, 2017-2018 (n=51 481) and 'Estudo Longitudinal da Saude e Bem-Estar dos Idosos Brasileirous', 2015-2016 (n=8730). We estimated the prevalence of multimorbidity along with 95% CI as a measure of uncertainty for all weighted proportions. Log link in generalised linear model was used to assess the association between childhood health and disadvantages with multimorbidity, reported as adjusted prevalence ratio (APR). RESULTS The prevalence of multimorbidity was 25.53% and 55.24% in India and Brazil, respectively. Participants who perceived their childhood health as poor and missed school for a month or more due to illness had the highest level of multimorbidity across both countries. After adjusting for age and gender, a significant association between adult multimorbidity and poor self-rated childhood health (APR: (India: 1.38, 1.16 to 1.65) and (Brazil: 1.19, 1.09 to 1.30)); and missed school for a month due to illness (AOR: (India: 1.73, 1.49 to 2.01) and (Brazil: 1.16, 1.08 to 1.25)) was observed. CONCLUSION Early life health, educational and economic disadvantages are associated with adult multimorbidity and appear to contribute to the later course of life. A life course approach to the prevention of multimorbidity in adulthood in LMICs may be useful in health programmes and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghamitra Pati
- Division of Public Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Abhinav Sinha
- Division of Public Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Priyanka Verma
- Division of Public Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jayasingh Kshatri
- Division of Public Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Division of Public Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Krushna Chandra Sahoo
- Division of Public Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Pranab Mahapatra
- Department of Psychiatry, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Lown Fellow, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sandipana Pati
- Department of Health & Family Welfare, Odisha State Institute of Health and Family Welfare, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Andria Krolow
- Department of Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Sandro Batista
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Bruno P Nunes
- Department of Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - David Weller
- College of Medicine, The University of Edinburgh Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stewart W Mercer
- College of Medicine, The University of Edinburgh Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, UK
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Uvelli A, Duranti C, Salvo G, Coluccia A, Gualtieri G, Ferretti F. The Risk Factors of Chronic Pain in Victims of Violence: A Scoping Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2421. [PMID: 37685455 PMCID: PMC10486711 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11172421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Violent situations are unfortunately very frequent in women and children all over the world. These experiences have long-term consequences for adult physical and psychological health. One of the most reported is chronic pain, defined in various sub-diagnoses and present in all types of violence. Unfortunately, the etiology of this condition is not clear and neither are the predisposing factors. The aim of this scoping review is to examine the literature trends about the probable risk factors of chronic pain in violence victims. Considering a bio-psycho-social model, it is possible to hypothesize the presence of all these aspects. The results will be discussed in the present article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Uvelli
- Department of Medical Science, Surgery, and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cristina Duranti
- Department of Medical Science, Surgery, and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Salvo
- Department of Medical Science, Surgery, and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Coluccia
- Department of Medical Science, Surgery, and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giacomo Gualtieri
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese (AOUS), Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Ferretti
- Department of Medical Science, Surgery, and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Chandrasekar R, Lacey RE, Chaturvedi N, Hughes AD, Patalay P, Khanolkar AR. Adverse childhood experiences and the development of multimorbidity across adulthood-a national 70-year cohort study. Age Ageing 2023; 52:afad062. [PMID: 37104379 PMCID: PMC10137110 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) on rates and development of multimorbidity across three decades in adulthood. METHODS Sample: Participants from the 1946 National Survey of Health and Development, who attended the age 36 assessment in 1982 and follow-up assessments (ages 43, 53, 63, 69; N = 3,264, 51% males). Prospectively collected data on nine ACEs was grouped into (i) psychosocial, (ii) parental health and (iii) childhood health. For each group, we calculated cumulative ACE scores, categorised into 0, 1 and ≥2 ACEs. Multimorbidity was estimated as the total score of 18 health disorders.Serial cross-sectional linear regression was used to estimate associations between grouped ACEs and multimorbidity during follow-up. Longitudinal analysis of ACE-associated changes in multimorbidity trajectories across follow-up was estimated using linear mixed-effects modelling for ACE groups (adjusted for sex and childhood socioeconomic circumstances). FINDINGS Accumulation of psychosocial and childhood health ACEs were associated with progressively higher multimorbidity scores throughout follow-up. For example, those with ≥2 psychosocial ACEs experienced 0.20(95% CI 0.07, 0.34) more disorders at age 36 than those with none, rising to 0.61(0.18, 1.04) disorders at age 69.All three grouped ACEs were associated with greater rates of accumulation and higher multimorbidity trajectories across adulthood. For example, individuals with ≥2 psychosocial ACEs developed 0.13(-0.09, 0.34) more disorders between ages 36 and 43, 0.29(0.06, 0.52) disorders between ages 53 and 63, and 0.30(0.09, 0.52) disorders between ages 63 and 69 compared with no psychosocial ACEs. INTERPRETATIONS ACEs are associated with widening inequalities in multimorbidity development in adulthood and early old age. Public health policies should aim to reduce these disparities through individual and population-level interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca E Lacey
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Nishi Chaturvedi
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Alun D Hughes
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, University College London Social Research Institute, London WC1H 0AL, UK
| | - Amal R Khanolkar
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Cooke EM, Connolly EJ, Boisvert DL, Hayes BE. A Systematic Review of the Biological Correlates and Consequences of Childhood Maltreatment and Adverse Childhood Experiences. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:156-173. [PMID: 34105421 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211021613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment (CM) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are two primary forms of interpersonal victimization that have been associated with a host of deleterious health outcomes. Studies over the past decade have begun to use a range of biologically informed methods to better understand the role biology plays in the relationship between CM, ACEs, and later life outcomes. This line of research has shown that both forms of victimization occur at sensitive periods of development, which can increase the likelihood of "getting under the skin" and influence health and behavior across the life course. This review examines the current state of knowledge on this hypothesis. One hundred and ninety-nine studies are included in this systematic review based on criteria that they be written in English, use a biologically informed method, and be conducted on samples of humans. Results reveal that latent additive genetic influences, biological system functioning captured by biomarkers, polygenic risk scores, and neurobiological factors are commonly associated with exposure and response to CM and ACEs. The implication of these findings for the existing body of research on early life victimization and recommendations for future research and policy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Cooke
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, 4038Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Eric J Connolly
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, 4038Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Danielle L Boisvert
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, 4038Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Brittany E Hayes
- School of Criminal Justice, 2514University of Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Roth SL, Andrews K, Protopopescu A, Lloyd C, O'Connor C, Losier BJ, Lanius RA, McKinnon MC. Mental health symptoms in Public Safety Personnel: Examining the effects of adverse childhood experiences and moral injury. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 123:105394. [PMID: 34808481 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) increase risk for negative mental health outcomes in adulthood; however, the mechanisms through which ACEs exert their influence on adult mental health are poorly understood. This is particularly true for Public Safety Personnel (PSP; e.g., police, firefighters, paramedics, etc.), a group with unique vulnerability to negative psychiatric sequalae given their chronic exposure to potentially traumatic, work-related events. OBJECTIVES To examine the role of moral injury (MI) and emotion regulation in the relation between ACEs and adult mental health symptoms in adulthood. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants (N = 294) included a community sample of Canadian and American PSP members aged 22 to 65. METHODS The current study uses cross-sectional data collection via retrospective self-report questionnaires administered between November, 2018 and November, 2019 to assess level of ACEs (ACE-Q), emotion regulation difficulties (DERS) and symptoms of post-traumatic stress (PCL-5), dissociation (MDI), depression, stress, and anxiety (DASS-21). Additionally, participants completed the Moral Injury Assessment for Public Safety Personnel, the first measure of MI developed specifically for PSP. RESULTS Path analysis revealed that ACEs significantly predicted adverse mental health symptoms in adulthood; this effect was mediated by symptoms of MI and moderated by difficulties with emotion regulation. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to identify MI as a mechanism involved in the relation between ACEs and adult psychopathology and highlights the protective role of emotion regulation skills. These findings can inform the development of future research and clinical interventions in PSP populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia L Roth
- Departments of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Krysta Andrews
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON, Canada; Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alina Protopopescu
- Departments of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Chantelle Lloyd
- Departments of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Charlene O'Connor
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON, Canada; Program for Traumatic Stress Recovery, Homewood Health Centre, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Bruno J Losier
- Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Forensic Psychiatry Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ruth A Lanius
- Departments of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Departments of Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Imaging Division, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret C McKinnon
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON, Canada; Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Davison CM, Thanabalasingam SJ, Purkey EM, Bayoumi I. Child Maltreatment and Public Health: Do Gaps in Response during the COVID-19 Pandemic Highlight Jurisdictional Complexities? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136851. [PMID: 34202309 PMCID: PMC8297272 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Countermeasures introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic produced an environment that placed some children at increased risk of maltreatment at the same time as there were decreased opportunities for identifying and reporting abuse. Unfortunately, coordinated government responses to address child protection since the start of the pandemic have been limited in Canada. As an exploratory study to examine the potential academic evidence base and location of expertise that could have been used to inform COVID-19 pandemic response, we undertook a review of child maltreatment research across three prominent Canadian professional journals in social work, medicine and public health. Methods: We conducted a pre-pandemic, thirteen-year (2006–2019) archival analysis of all articles published in the Canadian Social Work Review (CSWR), the Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ) and the Canadian Journal of Public Health (CJPH) and identified the research articles that related directly to child maltreatment, child protection or the child welfare system in Canada. Results: Of 11,824 articles published across the three journals, 20 research papers relating to child maltreatment, child protection or the child welfare system were identified (CJPH = 7; CMAJ = 3; CSWR = 10). There was no obvious pattern in article topics by discipline. Discussion: Taking these three prominent professional journals as a portal into research in these disciplines, we highlight the potential low volume of academic child maltreatment research despite the importance of the topic and irrespective of discipline. We believe that urgent transdisciplinary collaboration and overall awareness raising for child protection is called for at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as beyond in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M. Davison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-572-1033
| | | | - Eva M. Purkey
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (E.M.P.); (I.B.)
| | - Imaan Bayoumi
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (E.M.P.); (I.B.)
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Schmahl OC, Jeuring HW, Aprahamian I, Naarding P, Marijnissen RM, Hendriks GJ, Fluiter M, Rhebergen D, Lugtenburg A, Lammers MW, van den Brink RHS, Oude Voshaar RC. Impact of childhood trauma on multidimensional frailty in older patients with a unipolar depressive-, anxiety- or somatic symptom disorder. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 96:104452. [PMID: 34111719 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Frailty marks an increased risk for adverse health outcomes. Since childhood trauma is associated with the onset of physical and mental health diseases during the lifespan, we examined the link between childhood trauma and multidimensional frailty. METHOD A cross-sectional study embedded in a clinical cohort study (ROM-GPS) of older (≥60 years) patients (n=182) with a unipolar depressive-, anxiety- and/or somatic symptom disorder according to DSM-criteria referred to specialized geriatric mental health care. Frailty was assessed with the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI), comprising a physical, psychological, and social dimension. Physical, sexual and psychological abuse and emotional neglect before the age of 16 years was measured with a structured interview. RESULTS Of 182 patients, 103 (56.6%) had experienced any childhood trauma and 154 (84.6%) were frail (TFI sum score ≥5). Linear regression analyses, adjusted for lifestyle, psychological and physical-health factors, showed that the presence of any type of childhood trauma was not associated with the TFI sum score, however when considered separately, physical abuse was (ß=0.16, p=.037). Regarding the specific frailty dimensions, any childhood trauma was associated with social frailty (ß=0.18, p=.019), with emotional neglect as main contributor. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate a complex link between different types of childhood trauma and multidimensional frailty among older psychiatric patients. Regarding the three dimensions of frailty, social frailty seems most affected by childhood trauma. This may have been underestimated until now and should receive more attention in clinical care and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- O C Schmahl
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Rob Giel Research center (RGOc), The Netherlands
| | - H W Jeuring
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Rob Giel Research center (RGOc), The Netherlands
| | - I Aprahamian
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Rob Giel Research center (RGOc), The Netherlands; Group of Investigation on Multimorbidity and Mental Health in Aging (GIMMA), Geriatrics Division, Internal Medicine Department, Jundiaí Medical School, Jundiaí, Brazil
| | - P Naarding
- GGNet Mental Health, Division of Old Age Psychiatry, Warnsveld & Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - R M Marijnissen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Rob Giel Research center (RGOc), The Netherlands
| | - G J Hendriks
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University & Pro Persona Institute for Integrated Mental Health Care, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Fluiter
- Mental Health Center GGZ Noord-Holland Noord, Heerhugowaard, The Netherlands
| | - D Rhebergen
- Mental Health Center GGZ Centraal, Ermelo, The Netherlands & Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Lugtenburg
- Mental Health Center GGZ Drenthe, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - M W Lammers
- Mediant Mental Health Center, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - R H S van den Brink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Rob Giel Research center (RGOc), The Netherlands
| | - R C Oude Voshaar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Rob Giel Research center (RGOc), The Netherlands.
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Joshi D, Raina P, Tonmyr L, MacMillan HL, Gonzalez A. Prevalence of adverse childhood experiences among individuals aged 45 to 85 years: a cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. CMAJ Open 2021; 9:E158-E166. [PMID: 33653771 PMCID: PMC8034300 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20200064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population-level prevalence estimates for a broad range of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which are known to affect health across the lifespan, are currently unavailable in Canada. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of individual ACEs by sociodemographic factors among middle-aged and older adults. METHODS Data for this cross-sectional analysis were obtained from the first follow-up (2015-2018) of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (baseline recruitment from 2011 to 2015). Participants included individuals aged 45-85 years and residing in the community in the 10 Canadian provinces. Exposure to ACEs was assessed using a retrospective, self-report questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to obtain the adjusted prevalence estimates of ACEs within groups formed by the sociodemographic characteristics and each variable was adjusted for all other sociodemographic variables. RESULTS Of the 44 817 participants in the first follow-up, 61.6% (weighted) reported exposure to at least 1 ACE. Exposure to physical abuse (weighted prevalence of 25.7%), intimate partner violence (22.4%) and emotional abuse (21.8%) were the most prevalent types of ACEs. Individuals younger than 65 years (born in 1950-1969), with no postsecondary education or education below a bachelor's degree, or with annual household income less than $20 000 reported greater exposure to ACEs. Reporting for many ACEs was higher among women and those of nonheterosexual orientation. Overall, British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec reported relatively higher prevalence for several examined categories of ACEs. INTERPRETATION Adverse childhood experiences were highly prevalent across all demographic groups with substantial heterogeneity in the distribution among the middle and older age population. The high prevalence of ACEs and their potential negative consequences on health and well-being emphasize the need to develop and promote trauma-informed care to assist individuals affected by ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Joshi
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Joshi, Raina), McMaster University; McMaster Institute for Research on Aging (Raina), Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Agency of Canada (Tonmyr), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Sociology and Anthropology (Tonmyr), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (MacMillan) and of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences (MacMillan, Gonzalez), McMaster University; Offord Centre for Child Studies (Gonzalez), Hamilton, Ont
| | - Parminder Raina
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Joshi, Raina), McMaster University; McMaster Institute for Research on Aging (Raina), Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Agency of Canada (Tonmyr), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Sociology and Anthropology (Tonmyr), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (MacMillan) and of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences (MacMillan, Gonzalez), McMaster University; Offord Centre for Child Studies (Gonzalez), Hamilton, Ont
| | - Lil Tonmyr
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Joshi, Raina), McMaster University; McMaster Institute for Research on Aging (Raina), Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Agency of Canada (Tonmyr), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Sociology and Anthropology (Tonmyr), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (MacMillan) and of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences (MacMillan, Gonzalez), McMaster University; Offord Centre for Child Studies (Gonzalez), Hamilton, Ont
| | - Harriet L MacMillan
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Joshi, Raina), McMaster University; McMaster Institute for Research on Aging (Raina), Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Agency of Canada (Tonmyr), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Sociology and Anthropology (Tonmyr), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (MacMillan) and of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences (MacMillan, Gonzalez), McMaster University; Offord Centre for Child Studies (Gonzalez), Hamilton, Ont
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Joshi, Raina), McMaster University; McMaster Institute for Research on Aging (Raina), Hamilton, Ont.; Public Health Agency of Canada (Tonmyr), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Sociology and Anthropology (Tonmyr), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (MacMillan) and of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences (MacMillan, Gonzalez), McMaster University; Offord Centre for Child Studies (Gonzalez), Hamilton, Ont.
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Yang L, Hu Y, Silventoinen K, Martikainen P. Childhood adversity and trajectories of multimorbidity in mid-late life: China health and longitudinal retirement study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2020; 75:jech-2020-214633. [PMID: 33293288 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2020-214633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between childhood adversity and an individual's health in later life has been extensively studied in Western societies; however, little is known about this association for the development of multimorbidity in China. METHODS Three waves (2011-2012, 2013 and 2015) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were used for adults aged 45-101 years. Multimorbidity was assessed by the summed scores of self-reported physician diagnoses of 14 chronic diseases. Childhood adversity was measured by the incidence of childhood abuse and neglect, negative caregiver's characteristics and low socioeconomic status. Latent growth curve modelling was used to investigate the trajectory of multimorbidity by childhood adversity. RESULTS Parental physical abuse was associated with increased number of chronic diseases (intercept: 0.119; 95% CI: 0.033 to 0.205 for men and 0.268: 95% CI: 0.188 to 0.348 for women) and a higher rate of increase (slope: 0.013: 95% CI: 0.000 to 0.027 for men and 0.022: 95% CI: 0.008 to 0.036 for women) in multimorbidity. Adequacy of food was associated with a lower number chronic diseases at baseline (men: -0.171: 95% CI: -0.245 to -0.097; women: -0.223: 95% CI: -0.294 to -0.152) and a slower rate of change in multimorbidity (men: -0.015 per year: 95% CI: -0.027 to -0.003; women: -0.012 per year: 95% CI: -0.024 to -0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that childhood adversity exerts long-lasting effects on multimorbidity among older adults in China. Prevention of childhood maltreatment may delay or even avert the emergence of multimorbidity in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- School of Ethnology and Sociology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoyue Hu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Karri Silventoinen
- Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Martikainen
- Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Population Health, Max-Planck-Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
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11
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Triolo F, Harber-Aschan L, Belvederi Murri M, Calderón-Larrañaga A, Vetrano DL, Sjöberg L, Marengoni A, Dekhtyar S. The complex interplay between depression and multimorbidity in late life: risks and pathways. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Hanlon P, McCallum M, Jani BD, McQueenie R, Lee D, Mair FS. Association between childhood maltreatment and the prevalence and complexity of multimorbidity: A cross-sectional analysis of 157,357 UK Biobank participants. JOURNAL OF COMORBIDITY 2020; 10:2235042X10944344. [PMID: 32844098 PMCID: PMC7416137 DOI: 10.1177/2235042x10944344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Child maltreatment is associated with long-term conditions (LTCs) in
adulthood. Its relationship to multimorbidity (≥2 LTCs) is less clear. We
explore the relationship between child maltreatment, multimorbidity and
factors complicating management. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 157,357 UK Biobank participants. Experience of
four maltreatment types (physical/sexual/emotional/neglect) was identified.
We explored the relationship between type, number and frequency of
maltreatment and LTC count (0, 1, 2, 3, ≥4) using multinomial logistic
regression. Binary logistic regression assessed the relationship between
maltreatment and self-rated health, loneliness, social isolation, frailty
and widespread pain in those with multimorbidity, adjusting for
sociodemographics and lifestyle factors. Results: 52,675 participants (33%) experienced ≥1 type of maltreatment; 983 (0.6%)
experienced all four. Type, frequency and number of types of maltreatment
were associated with higher LTC count. People experiencing four types of
maltreatment were 5 times as likely to have a LTC count of ≥4 as those
experiencing none (odds ratio (OR): 5.16; 99% confidence interval (CI):
3.77-7.07). Greater number of types of maltreatment was associated with
higher prevalence of combined physical/mental health LTCs (OR: 2.99; 99% CI:
2.54–3.51 for four types of maltreatment). Compared to people who reported
no maltreatment, people experiencing all four types of maltreatment were
more likely to have poor self-rated health (OR: 3.56; 99% CI: 2.58–4.90),
loneliness (OR: 3.16; 99% CI: 2.17–4.60), social isolation (OR: 1.45; 99%
CI: 1.03–2.05), widespread pain (OR: 3.19; 99% CI: 1.87–5.44) and frailty
(OR: 3.21; 99% CI: 2.04–5.05). Conclusion: Peoplewith a history of maltreatment have higher LTC counts and potentially
more complicated management needs reinforcing calls for early
intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hanlon
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Marianne McCallum
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Bhautesh Dinesh Jani
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Ross McQueenie
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Duncan Lee
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The mathematics and Statistics Building, University of Glasgow, University Place, Glasgow, UK
| | - Frances S Mair
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
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13
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Causal Evidence and Dispositions in Medicine and Public Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17061813. [PMID: 32168791 PMCID: PMC7142708 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Since the introduction of evidence-based medicine, there have been discussions about the epistemic primacy of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for establishing causality in medicine and public health. A growing movement within philosophy of science calls instead for evidential pluralism: that we need more than one single method to investigate health outcomes. How should such evidential pluralism look in practice? How useful are the various methods available for causal inquiry? Further, how should different types of causal evidence be evaluated? This paper proposes a constructive answer and introduces a framework aimed at supporting scientists in developing appropriate methodological approaches for exploring causality. We start from the philosophical tradition that highlights intrinsic properties (dispositions, causal powers or capacities) as essential features of causality. This abstract idea has wide methodological implications. The paper explains how different methods, such as lab experiments, case studies, N-of-1 trials, case control studies, cohort studies, RCTs and patient narratives, all have some strengths and some limitations for picking out intrinsic causal properties. We explain why considering philosophy of causality is crucial for evaluating causality in the health sciences. In our proposal, we combine the various methods in a temporal process, which could then take us from an observed phenomenon (e.g., a correlation) to a causal hypothesis and, finally, to improved theoretical knowledge.
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14
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The relationship of childhood sexual and physical abuse with adulthood disability. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2019; 63:332-339. [PMID: 31276839 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the association of childhood sexual and physical abuse with disability in adulthood, and to assess how several demographic, physical, behavioral, psychosocial, and psychiatric factors may influence this association. METHODS This study used nationally representative cross-sectional data from 7403 people aged≥16 years who participated in the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. Information on childhood sexual talk, sexual touching, sexual intercourse, and physical abuse occurring before the age of 16, and disability in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living in adulthood were collected. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity, we found a positive association between different types of childhood abuse and adulthood disability: sexual talk (OR 1.54; 95% CI 1.27-1.85); sexual touching (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.49-2.22); sexual intercourse (OR 2.58; 95% CI 1.75-3.81); physical abuse (OR 2.84; 95% CI 2.20-3.68). Increasing number of types of childhood abuse was associated with increased odds of adulthood disability. The odds of adulthood disability was increased for individuals who experienced all types of childhood abuse versus no childhood abuse (OR 3.59; 95% CI 1.64-7.84). Finally, the association between any childhood abuse and adulthood disability was largely explained by anxiety disorder, number of chronic physical conditions, and loneliness. CONCLUSIONS Childhood abuse is positively associated with adulthood disability in England. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to understand the potentially complex interplay of factors that may increase risk for disability in individuals who experienced childhood abuse.
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David Kothgassner O, Plener PL, Sachser C, Witt A, Brähler E, Michael Fegert J. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Avatar Preferences in Online Games. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2019; 48:15-23. [PMID: 30777484 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), age, and sex with respect to their avatar preference in online games. The analyses comprise a subsample of n = 1817 adolescents and adults from 14 to 60 years within a representative German population-based study. Results indicate that 14 % of this sample uses avatars in online games, with significantly more males (22.6 %) than females (7.7 %) doing so. Persons with multiple ACEs (≥ 4) have a higher OR of 2.05 (95 % CI: 1.418-2.956) to use avatars in online games. Regarding avatar preference, females are more likely to play supporters than males, and males are more likely to choose damagers and mixed-type avatars than females. Participants with an experience of parental divorce during their childhood reported higher preference of playing supporter or mixed-type avatars in comparison with damager avatars. Moreover, participants with mental illness or suicide in the family show a higher preference of mixed-type avatars compared to damager, but not to supporter avatars. Knowledge about the use of avatars can be an interesting source of information for supporting psychotherapeutic treatment in a young age group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul L Plener
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Cedric Sachser
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Witt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörg Michael Fegert
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Germany
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