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Baumgardner DJ, Grundle J. Cruising Speed: Our Journal's 10-Year Voyage. J Patient Cent Res Rev 2024; 11:72-73. [PMID: 39044853 PMCID: PMC11262840 DOI: 10.17294/2330-0698.2080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J Baumgardner
- Professor Emeritus, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Joe Grundle
- Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Diversified Care Inc., Milwaukee, WI
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2
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Walter LM, Kleeman EA, Shetty M, Bassam A, Andiana AS, Tamanyan K, Davey MJ, Nixon GM, Horne RS. The surge in heart rate and blood pressure at respiratory event termination is dampened in children with down syndrome. Sleep Med 2024; 119:451-457. [PMID: 38788315 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with Down syndrome (DS) have a high prevalence of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and altered cardiovascular autonomic control. We aimed to analyze the effect of DS on the surge in heart rate (HR) and pulse transit time (PTT, an inverse surrogate measure of blood pressure change) at respiratory event termination. METHODS 44 children (3-19 y) with DS and 44 typically developing (TD) children matched for SDB severity, age and sex underwent overnight polysomnography. Multilevel modelling determined the effect of DS on HR and PTT changes between a 10s pre-event to the latter half of each respiratory event (late-event) and 15s post-event during NREM and REM, accounting for SDB severity and event length. RESULTS The children with DS had a significantly smaller % change in HR late-event to post-event (NREM: DS 26.4 % ± 17.5 % (mean ± SD), TD 30.7 % ± 21.0 %; REM DS 16.9 % ± 15.3 %, TD 21.0 % ± 14.0 %; p < 0.05 for both) compared with TD children for obstructive events, and central events (13.2 % ± 17.0 %, TD 18.8 % ± 17.0 %; p < 0.01) during REM. %change in PTT was significantly smaller in the DS group during NREM and REM from pre-event and late-event to post-event compared with TD children for obstructive and central events. CONCLUSION These results suggest children with DS have dampened HR and BP responses to respiratory events compared with TD children. Whether this is symptomatic of autonomic dysfunction or a protective factor for the cardiovascular system in children with DS remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Walter
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | - Marisha Shetty
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ahmad Bassam
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alyssa S Andiana
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Knarik Tamanyan
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Margot J Davey
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne Children's Sleep Centre, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gillian M Nixon
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne Children's Sleep Centre, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Donovan MG, Eduthan NP, Smith KP, Britton EC, Lyford HR, Araya P, Granrath RE, Waugh KA, Enriquez Estrada B, Rachubinski AL, Sullivan KD, Galbraith MD, Espinosa JM. Variegated overexpression of chromosome 21 genes reveals molecular and immune subtypes of Down syndrome. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5473. [PMID: 38942750 PMCID: PMC11213896 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome, the genetic condition caused by trisomy 21, exhibit strong inter-individual variability in terms of developmental phenotypes and diagnosis of co-occurring conditions. The mechanisms underlying this variable developmental and clinical presentation await elucidation. We report an investigation of human chromosome 21 gene overexpression in hundreds of research participants with Down syndrome, which led to the identification of two major subsets of co-expressed genes. Using clustering analyses, we identified three main molecular subtypes of trisomy 21, based on differential overexpression patterns of chromosome 21 genes. We subsequently performed multiomics comparative analyses among subtypes using whole blood transcriptomes, plasma proteomes and metabolomes, and immune cell profiles. These efforts revealed strong heterogeneity in dysregulation of key pathophysiological processes across the three subtypes, underscored by differential multiomics signatures related to inflammation, immunity, cell growth and proliferation, and metabolism. We also observed distinct patterns of immune cell changes across subtypes. These findings provide insights into the molecular heterogeneity of trisomy 21 and lay the foundation for the development of personalized medicine approaches for the clinical management of Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah G Donovan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Neetha P Eduthan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Keith P Smith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Eleanor C Britton
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Hannah R Lyford
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Paula Araya
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Ross E Granrath
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Katherine A Waugh
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Belinda Enriquez Estrada
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Angela L Rachubinski
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Kelly D Sullivan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Matthew D Galbraith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA.
| | - Joaquin M Espinosa
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA.
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4
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Hom B, Boyd NK, Vogel BN, Nishimori N, Khoshnood MM, Jafarpour S, Nagesh D, Santoro JD. Down Syndrome and Autoimmune Disease. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2024:10.1007/s12016-024-08996-2. [PMID: 38913142 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-024-08996-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Down syndrome is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability and has previously been associated with a variety of autoimmune disorders affecting multiple organ systems. The high prevalence of autoimmune disease, in conjunction with other inflammatory and infectious diseases, in this population suggests an intrinsic immune dysregulation associated with triplication of chromosome 21. Emerging data on the role of chromosome 21 in interferon activation, cytokine production, and activation of B-cell mediated autoimmunity are emerging hypotheses that may explain the elevated prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease, celiac disease, type I diabetes, autoimmune skin disease, and a variety of autoimmune neurologic conditions. As the life expectancy for individuals with Down syndrome increases, knowledge of the epidemiology, clinical features, management and underlying causes of these conditions will become increasingly important. Disorders such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis are prevalent in between 13 and 34% of individuals with Down syndrome but only 3% of the neurotypical population, a pattern similarly recognized in individuals with Celiac Disease (5.8% v 0.5-2%), alopecia areata (27.7% v. 2%), and vitiligo (4.4% v. 0.05-1.55%), respectively. Given the chronicity of autoimmune conditions, early identification and management can significantly impact the quality of life of individuals with Down syndrome. This comprehensive review will highlight common clinical autoimmune conditions observed in individuals with Down syndrome and explore our current understanding of the mechanisms of disease in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hom
- Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natalie K Boyd
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS82, Los Angeles, CA90027, USA
| | - Benjamin N Vogel
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS82, Los Angeles, CA90027, USA
| | - Nicole Nishimori
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS82, Los Angeles, CA90027, USA
| | - Mellad M Khoshnood
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS82, Los Angeles, CA90027, USA
| | - Saba Jafarpour
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS82, Los Angeles, CA90027, USA
| | - Deepti Nagesh
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS82, Los Angeles, CA90027, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicineat the, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan D Santoro
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS82, Los Angeles, CA90027, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicineat the, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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5
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Rachubinski AL, Wallace E, Gurnee E, Estrada BAE, Worek KR, Smith KP, Araya P, Waugh KA, Granrath RE, Britton E, Lyford HR, Donovan MG, Eduthan NP, Hill AA, Martin B, Sullivan KD, Patel L, Fidler DJ, Galbraith MD, Dunnick CA, Norris DA, Espinosa JM. JAK inhibition decreases the autoimmune burden in Down syndrome. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.13.24308783. [PMID: 38946973 PMCID: PMC11213071 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.13.24308783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS), the genetic condition caused by trisomy 21 (T21), display clear signs of immune dysregulation, including high rates of autoimmune disorders and severe complications from infections. Although it is well established that T21 causes increased interferon responses and JAK/STAT signaling, elevated autoantibodies, global immune remodeling, and hypercytokinemia, the interplay between these processes, the clinical manifestations of DS, and potential therapeutic interventions remain ill defined. Here, we report a comprehensive analysis of immune dysregulation at the clinical, cellular, and molecular level in hundreds of individuals with DS. We demonstrate multi-organ autoimmunity of pediatric onset concurrent with unexpected autoantibody-phenotype associations. Importantly, constitutive immune remodeling and hypercytokinemia occur from an early age prior to autoimmune diagnoses or autoantibody production. We then report the interim analysis of a Phase II clinical trial investigating the safety and efficacy of the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib through multiple clinical and molecular endpoints. Analysis of the first 10 participants to complete the 16-week study shows a good safety profile and no serious adverse events. Treatment reduced skin pathology in alopecia areata, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis, while decreasing interferon scores, cytokine scores, and levels of pathogenic autoantibodies without overt immune suppression. Additional research is needed to define the effects of JAK inhibition on the broader developmental and clinical hallmarks of DS. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04246372.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L. Rachubinski
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wallace
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Emily Gurnee
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Kayleigh R. Worek
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Keith P. Smith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paula Araya
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katherine A. Waugh
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Current address: Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ross E. Granrath
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eleanor Britton
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hannah R. Lyford
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Micah G. Donovan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Neetha Paul Eduthan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Amanda A. Hill
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Barry Martin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kelly D. Sullivan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lina Patel
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent Division, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Deborah J. Fidler
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Matthew D. Galbraith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cory A. Dunnick
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David A. Norris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joaquin M. Espinosa
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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6
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Gansa W, Da Rosa JMC, Menon K, Sazeides C, Stewart O, Bogunovic D. Dysregulation of the Immune System in a Natural History Study of 1299 Individuals with Down Syndrome. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:130. [PMID: 38776031 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01725-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the immune system in individuals with Down syndrome is thought to play a major role in the pathophysiology of many clinical presentations. This natural history of disease study took a comprehensive evaluation of the prevalence of different immune related diagnoses in a cohort of 1299 patients with Down syndrome compared to a 2605 patient control cohort at the Mount Sinai Health System in New York, NY over the past 18 years. We conducted a stepwise analysis of the odds of receiving a diagnosis at the Chapter, Sub-chapter and Diagnosis level of the ICD-CM-10 code system. Individuals in our Down syndrome cohort had higher odds of a diagnosis with inflammatory and autoimmune presentations such as Alopecia areata (OR 6.06, p = 0.01), Other sepsis (OR 4.79, p < 0.001, Purpura and other hemorrhagic conditions (OR 2.31, p < 0.001), and Rosacea (OR 3.11, p < 0.001). They also presented with lower odds of a diagnosis of Herpesviral infection (OR 0.42, p = 0.01), and Viral warts (OR 0.51, p = 0.04). We posit that dysregulation of the immune system in individuals with Down syndrome has impact on infectious diseases, including lowering the incidence of viral disease and increasing its severity. Our data also suggests inflammation and autoimmune mediated diseases, in particular of the skin, are exacerbated in individuals with Down syndrome. Finally, there may be a need for greater clinical attention to non-emergent conditions within the Down syndrome patient population as those can also greatly affect quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Gansa
- Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Joel M Correa Da Rosa
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Kartikeya Menon
- Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Christos Sazeides
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - O'Jay Stewart
- Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Dusan Bogunovic
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA.
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7
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Santoro JD, Jafarpour S, Khoshnood MM, Boyd NK, Vogel BN, Nguyen L, Saucier LE, Partridge R, Tiongson E, Ramos-Platt L, Nagesh D, Ho E, Rosser T, Ahsan N, Mitchell WG, Rafii MS. Safety and tolerability of intravenous immunoglobulin infusion in Down syndrome regression disorder. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63524. [PMID: 38169137 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Three large multi-center studies have identified the clinical utility of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in the treatment of Down syndrome regression disorder (DSRD). Yet the tolerability of infusions in individuals with DS and the safety of IVIg remains unknown in this population. This study sought to evaluate the safety and tolerability of IVIg in individuals with DSRD compared to a real-world cohort of individuals with pediatric onset neuroimmunologic disorders. A single-center, retrospective chart review evaluating clinically documented infusion reactions was performed for individuals meeting international consensus criteria for DSRD and having IVIg infusions between 2019 and 2023. Infusion reactions were evaluated for severity and need for alterations in infusion plan. This cohort was compared against an age and sex matched cohort of children with neuroimmunologic conditions who had also received IVIg infusions. In total, 127 individuals with DSRD and 186 individuals with other neuroimmunologic disorders were enrolled. There was no difference in the overall rate of adverse reactions (AEs) between the DSRD and general neuroimmunology cohorts (p = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.80-2.00), but cardiac-related AEs specifically were more common among the DSRD group (p = 0.02, 95% CI: 1.23-17.54). When AEs did occur, there was no difference in frequency of pharmacologic intervention (p = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.34-1.13) or discontinuation of therapy (p = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.06-7.44). There was a higher incidence of lab abnormalities on IVIG among the general neuroimmunology cohort (p = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.24-0.94) compared to the DSRD cohort. Transaminitis was the most common laboratory abnormality in the DSRD group. In a large cohort of individuals with DSRD, there were no significant differences in the safety and tolerability of IVIg compared to a cohort of children and young adults with neuroimmunologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Santoro
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Saba Jafarpour
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mellad M Khoshnood
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles General Hospital, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Natalie K Boyd
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Benjamin N Vogel
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lina Nguyen
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Laura E Saucier
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Emmanuelle Tiongson
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Leigh Ramos-Platt
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Deepti Nagesh
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eugenia Ho
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tena Rosser
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nusrat Ahsan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wendy G Mitchell
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael S Rafii
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego, California, USA
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Nguyen TQ, Kerley CI, Key AP, Maxwell-Horn AC, Wells QS, Neul JL, Cutting LE, Landman BA. Phenotyping Down syndrome: discovery and predictive modelling with electronic medical records. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2024; 68:491-511. [PMID: 38303157 PMCID: PMC11023778 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have a heightened risk for various co-occurring health conditions, including congenital heart disease (CHD). In this two-part study, electronic medical records (EMRs) were leveraged to examine co-occurring health conditions among individuals with DS (Study 1) and to investigate health conditions linked to surgical intervention among DS cases with CHD (Study 2). METHODS De-identified EMRs were acquired from Vanderbilt University Medical Center and facilitated creating a cohort of N = 2282 DS cases (55% females), along with comparison groups for each study. In Study 1, DS cases were one-by-two sex and age matched with samples of case-controls and of individuals with other intellectual and developmental difficulties (IDDs). The phenome-disease association study (PheDAS) strategy was employed to reveal co-occurring health conditions in DS versus comparison groups, which were then ranked for how often they are discussed in relation to DS using the PubMed database and Novelty Finding Index. In Study 2, a subset of DS individuals with CHD [N = 1098 (48%)] were identified to create longitudinal data for N = 204 cases with surgical intervention (19%) versus 204 case-controls. Data were included in predictive models and assessed which model-based health conditions, when more prevalent, would increase the likelihood of surgical intervention. RESULTS In Study 1, relative to case-controls and those with other IDDs, co-occurring health conditions among individuals with DS were confirmed to include heart failure, pulmonary heart disease, atrioventricular block, heart transplant/surgery and primary pulmonary hypertension (circulatory); hypothyroidism (endocrine/metabolic); and speech and language disorder and Alzheimer's disease (neurological/mental). Findings also revealed more versus less prevalent co-occurring health conditions in individuals with DS when comparing with those with other IDDs. Findings with high Novelty Finding Index were abnormal electrocardiogram, non-rheumatic aortic valve disorders and heart failure (circulatory); acid-base balance disorder (endocrine/metabolism); and abnormal blood chemistry (symptoms). In Study 2, the predictive models revealed that among individuals with DS and CHD, presence of health conditions such as congestive heart failure (circulatory), valvular heart disease and cardiac shunt (congenital), and pleural effusion and pulmonary collapse (respiratory) were associated with increased likelihood of surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS Research efforts using EMRs and rigorous statistical methods could shed light on the complexity in health profile among individuals with DS and other IDDs and motivate precision-care development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Q Nguyen
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Peabody College of Education and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C I Kerley
- School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - A P Key
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - A C Maxwell-Horn
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Q S Wells
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J L Neul
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - L E Cutting
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Peabody College of Education and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - B A Landman
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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9
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Fodstad JC, Russell R, Bullington M, Jones LB, Iticovici M, Meudt E. Treating Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in Adolescents and Adults with Down Syndrome: Results from a Scoping Rapid Review. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06336-z. [PMID: 38607470 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06336-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adolescents and adults with Down syndrome are noted to display symptoms and behaviors consistent with a diagnosis of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. While evidenced-based interventions, including psychopharmacology and therapeutic interventions including exposure and response prevention, exist and effectively treat obsessive-compulsive symptoms in neurotypical populations, less is known about effective treatments for similar presentations in persons with Down syndrome. METHODS A scoping rapid review was conducted in April 2023 to determine what treatments are being used to target obsessive-compulsive symptoms and related behaviors in adolescents and adults with Down syndrome, the quality of those treatments, and their alignment with current evidenced-based interventions. RESULTS A total of eleven articles, all single case or case series, published between 1992 and 2017 were identified describing the treatment of 32 adolescents and adults with Down syndrome and obsessive-compulsive traits and behaviors including: hoarding, cleaning, gross motor compulsions, and food, hygiene, dressing, and checking rituals. Interventions used most often aligned with evidenced-based guidelines for treating obsessive compulsive disorder and included psychopharmacology, psychotherapy, and complementary and alternative medicine. CONCLUSIONS While the outcomes of most interventions yielded partial or significant reduction in symptoms, poor research quality and limited generalizability noted across all studies make it difficult to inform guidelines for caring for this high-needs population. In the future, we believe it is necessary to perform more rigorous research focused on treating obsessive compulsive symptoms in individuals with Down syndrome with sufficient follow-up to fully assess treatment effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill C Fodstad
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 W. 16th St., Suite 4800, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Indiana University Health Physicians, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Rachel Russell
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 W. 16th St., Suite 4800, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Molly Bullington
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 W. 16th St., Suite 4800, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Lauren B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Micah Iticovici
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 W. 16th St., Suite 4800, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Emily Meudt
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 W. 16th St., Suite 4800, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana University Health Physicians, Bloomington, IN, USA
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10
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Harisinghani A, Torres A, Oreskovic NM. Brief report: Physical activity assessment and counseling in adults with Down syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2024; 196:e32066. [PMID: 37795765 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.32066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Adults with Down syndrome are at an increased risk for developing certain medical conditions, which can be further exacerbated by lower levels of physical activity. Physician counseling can provide a supportive environment to encourage modes of physical activity accessible to patients and caregivers. While some adults with Down syndrome have access to a Down syndrome specialty clinic, most are followed only by a primary care physician. This report includes adult patients with Down syndrome followed at a Down syndrome specialty clinic in Boston and compares physical activity assessment and counseling rates by Down syndrome specialists and primary care physicians. Patients were more likely to have physical activity assessment and counseling performed by a Down syndrome specialist than by a primary care physician. A better understanding of the barriers primary care physicians caring for adults with Down syndrome experience related to physical activity counseling could help improve important health habit counseling in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Harisinghani
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy Torres
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicolas M Oreskovic
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Bardhan S, Li H, Tarver E, Schramm C, Brown M, Garcia L, Schwartz B, Mazzucco A, Natarajan N, Walsh E, Ryan L, Pearson G, Parisi MA. The National Institutes of Health INvestigation of Co-occurring conditions across the Lifespan to Understand Down syndromE (INCLUDE) Project: Accelerating research discoveries for people with Down syndrome across the lifespan. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2024; 196:e32081. [PMID: 38197535 PMCID: PMC10939900 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.32081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has a long-standing history of support for research in Down syndrome (DS). In response to a 2018 congressional directive for a trans-NIH initiative to address medical issues in DS, NIH launched the INCLUDE Project (INvestigation of Co-occurring conditions across the Lifespan to Understand Down syndromE). Reflecting the three INCLUDE components of basic science research, cohort development, and clinical trials, the Project has published funding opportunities to address conditions such as immune disorders and Alzheimer's disease. Due to a steady expansion in dedicated funding over its first 5 years, INCLUDE has invested $258 M in over 250 new research projects. INCLUDE also supports training initiatives to expand the number and diversity of investigators studying DS. NIH has funded an INCLUDE Data Coordinating Center that is collecting de-identified clinical information and multi-omics data from research participants for broad data sharing and secondary analyses. Through the DS-Connect® registry, INCLUDE investigators can access recruitment support. The INCLUDE Research Plan articulates research goals for the program, with an emphasis on diversity of research participants and investigators. Finally, a new Cohort Development Program is poised to increase the impact of the INCLUDE Project by recruiting a large DS cohort across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Bardhan
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Huiqing Li
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Erika Tarver
- National Institute on Aging (NIA), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Charlene Schramm
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marishka Brown
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Linda Garcia
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bryanna Schwartz
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna Mazzucco
- Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Walsh
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laurie Ryan
- National Institute on Aging (NIA), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gail Pearson
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Melissa A Parisi
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Koul AM, Ahmad F, Bhat A, Aein QU, Ahmad A, Reshi AA, Kaul RUR. Unraveling Down Syndrome: From Genetic Anomaly to Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Diagnosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3284. [PMID: 38137507 PMCID: PMC10741860 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome arises from chromosomal non-disjunction during gametogenesis, resulting in an additional chromosome. This anomaly presents with intellectual impairment, growth limitations, and distinct facial features. Positive correlation exists between maternal age, particularly in advanced cases, and the global annual incidence is over 200,000 cases. Early interventions, including first and second-trimester screenings, have improved DS diagnosis and care. The manifestations of Down syndrome result from complex interactions between genetic factors linked to various health concerns. To explore recent advancements in Down syndrome research, we focus on the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies for improved diagnosis and management. Recent developments leverage AI and ML algorithms to detect subtle Down syndrome indicators across various data sources, including biological markers, facial traits, and medical images. These technologies offer potential enhancements in accuracy, particularly in cases complicated by cognitive impairments. Integration of AI and ML in Down syndrome diagnosis signifies a significant advancement in medical science. These tools hold promise for early detection, personalized treatment, and a deeper comprehension of the complex interplay between genetics and environmental factors. This review provides a comprehensive overview of neurodevelopmental and cognitive profiles, comorbidities, diagnosis, and management within the Down syndrome context. The utilization of AI and ML represents a transformative step toward enhancing early identification and tailored interventions for individuals with Down syndrome, ultimately improving their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aabid Mustafa Koul
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Faisel Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Srinagar 190004, India
| | - Abida Bhat
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, India
| | - Qurat-ul Aein
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India;
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aijaz Ahmad Reshi
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rauf-ur-Rashid Kaul
- Department of Community Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190006, India
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13
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Tuppin P, Barthelemy P, Debeugny G, Rachas A. A French nationwide study compared various conditions and healthcare use of individuals < 65 years with a Down's syndrome to those without. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21865. [PMID: 38071383 PMCID: PMC10710479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Few regular national clinical data are available for individuals with Down's syndrome (IDS) bearing in mind that they are subject to countries variations in medical termination of pregnancy and screening. Individuals < 65 in 2019 were selected in view of the low number of older IDS. Thus, 98% of 52.4 million people with correct data were included from the national health data system. IDS (35,342) were identified on the basis of the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision code (Q90). Risk ratios (RR) were calculated to compare the frequencies in 2019 between IDS and individual without Down's syndrome (IWDS) of use of health care. The prevalence of IDS was 0.07% (48% women), comorbidities were more frequent, especially in younger patients (24% < 1 year had another comorbidity, RR = 20), as was the percentage of deaths (4.6%, RR = 10). Overall, tumours were less frequent in IDS compared with IWDS (1.2%, RR = 0.7) except for certain leukaemias and testicular tumours (0.3%, RR = 4). Cardiac malformations (5.2%, RR = 52), dementia (1.2%, RR = 29), mental retardation (5%, RR = 21) and epilepsy (4%, RR = 9) were also more frequent in IDS. The most frequent hospital diagnoses for IDS were: aspiration pneumonia (0.7%, RR = 89), respiratory failure (0.4%, RR = 17), sleep apnoea (1.1%, RR = 8), cryptorchidism (0.3%, RR = 5.9), protein-energy malnutrition (0.1%, RR = 7), type 1 diabetes (0.2%, RR = 2.8) and hypothyroidism (0.1%, RR = 72). IDS were more likely to use emergency services (9%, RR = 2.4), short hospital stay (24%, RR = 1.6) or hospitalisation at home (0.6%, RR = 6). They consulted certain specialists two to three times more frequently than IWDS, for example cardiologists (17%, RR = 2.6). This study is the first detailed national study comparing IDS and non-IDS by age group. These results could help to optimize prenatal healthcare, medical and social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Tuppin
- Direction de la Stratégie, des Etudes et des Statistiques, Caisse Nationale de L'Assurance Maladie, 26‑50, Avenue du Professeur Andre Lemierre, 75986, Paris Cedex 20, France.
| | - Pauline Barthelemy
- Direction de la Stratégie, des Etudes et des Statistiques, Caisse Nationale de L'Assurance Maladie, 26‑50, Avenue du Professeur Andre Lemierre, 75986, Paris Cedex 20, France
| | - Gonzague Debeugny
- Direction de la Stratégie, des Etudes et des Statistiques, Caisse Nationale de L'Assurance Maladie, 26‑50, Avenue du Professeur Andre Lemierre, 75986, Paris Cedex 20, France
| | - Antoine Rachas
- Direction de la Stratégie, des Etudes et des Statistiques, Caisse Nationale de L'Assurance Maladie, 26‑50, Avenue du Professeur Andre Lemierre, 75986, Paris Cedex 20, France
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14
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Gansa W, Menon K, Sazeides C, Stewart O, Bogunovic D. Dysregulation of the Immune System in a Natural History Study of 1299 Individuals with Down Syndrome. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3647800. [PMID: 38106041 PMCID: PMC10723534 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3647800/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the immune system in individuals with Down syndrome is thought to play a major role in the pathophysiology of many clinical presentations. This natural history of disease study took a comprehensive evaluation of the prevalence of different immune related diagnoses in a cohort of 1299 patients with Down syndrome compared to a 2605 control cohort of patients without Down syndrome at Mount Sinai Health System in NY, NY over the past 18 years. We conducted a stepwise analysis of the odds of receiving a diagnosis at the Chapter, Sub-chapter and Diagnosis level of the ICD-CM-10 code system. Individuals in our Down syndrome cohort had higher odds of a diagnosis with inflammatory and autoimmune presentations such as Alopecia areata (OR 6.06, p = 0.01), Other sepsis (OR 4.79, p < 0.001, Purpura and Other hemorrhagic conditions (OR 2.31, p < 0.001), and Rosacea (OR 3.11, p < 0.001). They also presented with lower odds of a diagnosis of Herpesviral infection (OR 0.42, p = 0.01), and Viral warts (OR 0.51, p = 0.04). We posit that dysregulation of the immune system in individuals with Down syndrome has impact on infectious diseases, including lowering the incidence of viral disease, and increasing its severity. Our data also suggests inflammation and autoimmune mediated diseases, in particular of the skin, is exacerbated in individuals with Down syndrome. Finally, there may be a need for greater clinical attention to non-emergent conditions within the Down syndrome patient population as those can also greatly affect quality of life.
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15
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Baumer NT, Hojlo MA, Pawlowski KG, Milliken AL, Lombardo AM, Sargado S, Soccorso C, Davidson EJ, Barbaresi WJ. Co-occurring conditions in Down syndrome: Findings from a clinical database. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2023; 193:e32072. [PMID: 37873945 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.32072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) experience a range of medical and neurodevelopmental conditions, necessitating systematic study of their occurrence and impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes. We describe the prevalence and relationships of medical, neurodevelopmental (ND), and mental health (MH) conditions in children with DS. We created a prospective clinical database of individuals with DS, integrated into the workflow of a specialty Down Syndrome Program at a specialty pediatric referral hospital. Conditions were collected through caregiver- and clinician report at clinical visits (N = 599). We calculated frequencies of medical, ND, and MH conditions and then assessed the relationship between medical, ND, and MH conditions using frequencies and comparative statistics. The most frequent co-occurring conditions were vision (72.5%), ear/hearing (71.0%), gastrointestinal (61.3%), respiratory (45.6%), and feeding (33.6%) problems, with variation in frequency by age. ND and MH conditions were reported in one quarter, most commonly autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Those with ND and MH conditions had greater frequency of medical conditions, with highest rates of vision, ear/hearing, and gastrointestinal issues, and CHD. Systematically collected clinical data in a large cohort of children with DS reveals high prevalence of several co-occurring medical, ND, and MH conditions. Clinical care requires an understanding of the complex relationship between medical conditions and neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole T Baumer
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Margaret A Hojlo
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine G Pawlowski
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna L Milliken
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Angela M Lombardo
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sabrina Sargado
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cara Soccorso
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily J Davidson
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William J Barbaresi
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Boyd NK, Nguyen J, Khoshnood MM, Jiang T, Nguyen L, Mendez L, Spinazzi NA, Manning MA, Rafii MS, Santoro JD. Hypovitaminosis D in persons with Down syndrome and autism spectrum disorder. J Neurodev Disord 2023; 15:35. [PMID: 37880588 PMCID: PMC10599027 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-023-09503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma levels of vitamin D have been reported to be low in persons with Down syndrome (DS) and existing data is limited to small and homogenous cohorts. This is of particular importance in persons with DS given the high rates of autoimmune disease in this population and the known relationship between vitamin D and immune function. This study sought to investigate vitamin D status in a multi-center cohort of individuals with DS and compare them to individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurotypical (NT) controls. METHODS A retrospective, multi-center review was performed. The three sites were located at latitudes of 42.361145, 37.44466, and 34.05349. Patients were identified by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 or ICD-10 codes for DS, ASD, or well-child check visits for NT individuals. The first vitamin D 25-OH level recorded in the electronic medical record (EMR) was used in this study as it was felt to be the most reflective of a natural and non-supplemented state. Vitamin D 25-OH levels below 30 ng/mL were considered deficient. RESULTS In total, 1624 individuals with DS, 5208 with ASD, and 30,775 NT controls were identified. Individuals with DS had the lowest mean level of vitamin D 25-OH at 20.67 ng/mL, compared to those with ASD (23.48 ng/mL) and NT controls (29.20 ng/mL) (p < 0.001, 95% CI: -8.97 to -6.44). A total of 399 (24.6%) individuals with DS were considered vitamin D deficient compared to 1472 (28.3%) with ASD and 12,397 (40.3%) NT controls (p < 0.001, 95% CI: -5.43 to -2.36). Individuals with DS with higher body mass index (BMI) were found to be more likely to have lower levels of vitamin D (p < 0.001, 95% CI: -0.3849 to -0.1509). Additionally, having both DS and a neurologic diagnosis increased the likelihood of having lower vitamin D levels (p < 0.001, 95% CI: -5.02 to -1.28). Individuals with DS and autoimmune disease were much more likely to have lower vitamin D levels (p < 0.001, 95% CI: -6.22 to -1.55). Similarly, a history of autoimmunity in a first-degree relative also increased the likelihood of having lower levels of vitamin D in persons with DS (p = 0.01, 95% CI: -2.45 to -0.63). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with DS were noted to have hypovitaminosis D in comparison to individuals with ASD and NT controls. Associations between vitamin D deficiency and high BMI, personal autoimmunity, and familial autoimmunity were present in individuals with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie K Boyd
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS82, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | | | - Mellad M Khoshnood
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS82, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Timothy Jiang
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS82, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Lina Nguyen
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS82, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Lorena Mendez
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS82, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Noemi A Spinazzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Melanie A Manning
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Rafii
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan D Santoro
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS82, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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17
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DeRuisseau LR, Receno CN, Cunningham C, Bates ML, Goodell M, Liang C, Eassa B, Pascolla J, DeRuisseau KC. Breathing and Oxygen Carrying Capacity in Ts65Dn and Down Syndrome. FUNCTION 2023; 4:zqad058. [PMID: 37954975 PMCID: PMC10634617 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (Ds) are at increased risk of respiratory infection, aspiration pneumonia, and apnea. The Ts65Dn mouse is a commonly used model of Ds, but there have been no formal investigations of awake breathing and respiratory muscle function in these mice. We hypothesized that breathing would be impaired in Ts65Dn vs. wild-type (WT), and would be mediated by both neural and muscular inputs. Baseline minute ventilation was not different at 3, 6, or 12 mo of age. However, VT/Ti, a marker of the neural drive to breathe, was lower in Ts65Dn vs. WT and central apneas were more prevalent. The response to breathing hypoxia was not different, but the response to hypercapnia was attenuated, revealing a difference in carbon dioxide sensing, and/or motor output in Ts65Dn. Oxygen desaturations were present in room air, demonstrating that ventilation may not be sufficient to maintain adequate oxygen saturation in Ts65Dn. We observed no differences in arterial PO2 or PCO2, but Ts65Dn had lower hemoglobin and hematocrit. A retrospective medical record review of 52,346 Ds and 52,346 controls confirmed an elevated relative risk of anemia in Ds. We also performed eupneic in-vivo electromyography and in-vitro muscle function and histological fiber typing of the diaphragm, and found no difference between strains. Overall, conscious respiration is impaired in Ts65Dn, is mediated by neural mechanisms, and results in reduced hemoglobin saturation. Oxygen carrying capacity is reduced in Ts65Dn vs. WT, and we demonstrate that individuals with Ds are also at increased risk of anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara R DeRuisseau
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Candace N Receno
- Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Caitlin Cunningham
- Department of Statistics, Mathematics and Computer Science, Le Moyne College, Syracuse, NY 13214, USA
| | - Melissa L Bates
- Departments of Health and Human Physiology, Internal Medicine, and the Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Morgan Goodell
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Elmira, NY 14901, USA
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642,USA
| | - Brianna Eassa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Le Moyne College, Syracuse, NY 13214, USA
| | - Jessica Pascolla
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Keith C DeRuisseau
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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18
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Korkes F, Gomez-Bueno MP, García-Perdomo HA. Incidence of urological tumors in Down's syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:2381-2387. [PMID: 37368086 PMCID: PMC10499742 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some authors have estimated that the incidence of testicular germ cell tumors in individuals with trisomy 21 is more than fivefold higher than that in the general population. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to estimate the incidence of urological tumors in patients with Down's syndrome. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a search strategy in MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, LILACS, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from inception to nowadays. We assessed the risk of bias and performed a meta-analysis. Also, the heterogeneity between trials was evaluated by the I2 test. We completed the subgroup analysis based on the type of urological tumor (testis, bladder, kidney, upper urological tract, penile, retroperitoneum). RESULTS We found 350 studies by the search strategy. After carefully reviewing, full-text studies were included. 16,248 individuals with Down's syndrome were included, and 42 patients presented with urological tumors. There was a total incidence of 0.1%, 95%CI (0.06-0.19), I2 61%. The most common urological tumor reported was testicular. We found six studies describing 31 events and an overall incidence of 0.19%, 95%CI (0.11-0.33), I2: 51%. Other studies reported kidney, penile, upper urinary tract, bladder, and retroperitoneum tumors with a very low incidence, 0.02%, 0.06%, 0.03%, 0.11%and 0.07%, respectively. DISCUSSION Regarding non-testicular urological tumors, we found incidences as low as 0.02% in kidney cancer or 0.03% in the upper-urothelial tract tumors. It is also lower than the general population. Compared to the age of onset of patients, it is also lower than the general population, perhaps related to a shorter life expectancy. As a limitation, we found a high heterogeneity and a lack of information regarding non-testicular tumors. CONCLUSION There was a very low incidence of urological tumors in people with Down's syndrome. Testis tumor was the most frequently described in all cohorts and within a normal distribution range.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Paula Gomez-Bueno
- UROGIV Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad del Valle, Cll 4b #36-00, Cali, Colombia
- Division of Urology/Urooncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Herney Andrés García-Perdomo
- UROGIV Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad del Valle, Cll 4b #36-00, Cali, Colombia.
- Division of Urology/Urooncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
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19
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Galbraith MD, Rachubinski AL, Smith KP, Araya P, Waugh KA, Enriquez-Estrada B, Worek K, Granrath RE, Kinning KT, Paul Eduthan N, Ludwig MP, Hsieh EW, Sullivan KD, Espinosa JM. Multidimensional definition of the interferonopathy of Down syndrome and its response to JAK inhibition. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg6218. [PMID: 37379383 PMCID: PMC10306300 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) display chronic hyperactivation of interferon signaling. However, the clinical impacts of interferon hyperactivity in DS are ill-defined. Here, we describe a multiomics investigation of interferon signaling in hundreds of individuals with DS. Using interferon scores derived from the whole blood transcriptome, we defined the proteomic, immune, metabolic, and clinical features associated with interferon hyperactivity in DS. Interferon hyperactivity associates with a distinct proinflammatory phenotype and dysregulation of major growth signaling and morphogenic pathways. Individuals with the highest interferon activity display the strongest remodeling of the peripheral immune system, including increased cytotoxic T cells, B cell depletion, and monocyte activation. Interferon hyperactivity accompanies key metabolic changes, most prominently dysregulated tryptophan catabolism. High interferon signaling stratifies a subpopulation with elevated rates of congenital heart disease and autoimmunity. Last, a longitudinal case study demonstrated that JAK inhibition normalizes interferon signatures with therapeutic benefit in DS. Together, these results justify the testing of immune-modulatory therapies in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Galbraith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Angela L. Rachubinski
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Keith P. Smith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paula Araya
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katherine A. Waugh
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Belinda Enriquez-Estrada
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kayleigh Worek
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ross E. Granrath
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kohl T. Kinning
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Neetha Paul Eduthan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael P. Ludwig
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elena W. Y. Hsieh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy/Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kelly D. Sullivan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joaquin M. Espinosa
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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20
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Madhavan A, Lam L, Etter NM, Wilkinson KM. A biophysiological framework exploring factors affecting speech and swallowing in clinical populations: focus on individuals with Down syndrome. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1085779. [PMID: 37416547 PMCID: PMC10321662 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1085779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Speech and swallowing are complex sensorimotor behaviors accomplished using shared vocal tract anatomy. Efficient swallowing and accurate speech require a coordinated interplay between multiple streams of sensory feedback and skilled motor behaviors. Due to the shared anatomy, speech and swallowing are often both impacted in individuals with various neurogenic and developmental diseases, disorders, or injuries. In this review paper, we present an integrated biophysiological framework for modeling how sensory and motor changes alter functional oropharyngeal behaviors of speech and swallowing, as well as the potential downstream effects to the related areas of language and literacy. We discuss this framework with specific reference to individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Individuals with DS experience known craniofacial anomalies that impact their oropharyngeal somatosensation and skilled motor output for functional oral-pharyngeal activities such as speech and swallowing. Given the increased risk of dysphagia and "silent" aspiration in individuals with DS, it is likely somatosensory deficits are present as well. The purpose of this paper is to review the functional impact of structural and sensory alterations on skilled orofacial behaviors in DS as well as related skills in language and literacy development. We briefly discuss how the basis of this framework can be used to direct future research studies in swallowing, speech, and language and be applied to other clinical populations.
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21
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Waugh KA, Minter R, Baxter J, Chi C, Galbraith MD, Tuttle KD, Eduthan NP, Kinning KT, Andrysik Z, Araya P, Dougherty H, Dunn LN, Ludwig M, Schade KA, Tracy D, Smith KP, Granrath RE, Busquet N, Khanal S, Anderson RD, Cox LL, Estrada BE, Rachubinski AL, Lyford HR, Britton EC, Fantauzzo KA, Orlicky DJ, Matsuda JL, Song K, Cox TC, Sullivan KD, Espinosa JM. Triplication of the interferon receptor locus contributes to hallmarks of Down syndrome in a mouse model. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1034-1047. [PMID: 37277650 PMCID: PMC10260402 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01399-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), the genetic condition caused by trisomy 21, is characterized by variable cognitive impairment, immune dysregulation, dysmorphogenesis and increased prevalence of diverse co-occurring conditions. The mechanisms by which trisomy 21 causes these effects remain largely unknown. We demonstrate that triplication of the interferon receptor (IFNR) gene cluster on chromosome 21 is necessary for multiple phenotypes in a mouse model of DS. Whole-blood transcriptome analysis demonstrated that IFNR overexpression associates with chronic interferon hyperactivity and inflammation in people with DS. To define the contribution of this locus to DS phenotypes, we used genome editing to correct its copy number in a mouse model of DS, which normalized antiviral responses, prevented heart malformations, ameliorated developmental delays, improved cognition and attenuated craniofacial anomalies. Triplication of the Ifnr locus modulates hallmarks of DS in mice, suggesting that trisomy 21 elicits an interferonopathy potentially amenable to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Waugh
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ross Minter
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jessica Baxter
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Congwu Chi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- The Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Matthew D Galbraith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kathryn D Tuttle
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Neetha P Eduthan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kohl T Kinning
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Zdenek Andrysik
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paula Araya
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hannah Dougherty
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lauren N Dunn
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael Ludwig
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kyndal A Schade
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dayna Tracy
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Keith P Smith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ross E Granrath
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicolas Busquet
- Animal Behavior Core, NeuroTechnology Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Santosh Khanal
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ryan D Anderson
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Liza L Cox
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Belinda Enriquez Estrada
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Angela L Rachubinski
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hannah R Lyford
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eleanor C Britton
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katherine A Fantauzzo
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer L Matsuda
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Kunhua Song
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- The Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Timothy C Cox
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Kelly D Sullivan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Joaquin M Espinosa
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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22
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Oreskovic NM, Baumer NT, Di Camillo C, Cornachia M, Franklin C, Hart SJ, Kishnani PS, McCormick A, Milliken AL, Patsiogiannis V, Pawlowski KG, Santoro SL, Sargado S, Scoppola V, Torres A, Valentini D, Vellody K, Villani A, Skotko BG. Cardiometabolic profiles in children and adults with overweight and obesity and down syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:813-822. [PMID: 36538912 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are at increased risk for being overweight/obese, but the associated cardiometabolic risk (CR) is not clear. Cross-sectional anthropometric and clinical laboratory data from a multi-site, international cohort of individuals with DS were analyzed to determine cardiometabolic risk by reporting observed distributions of cardiometabolic biomarkers in overweight/obese individuals with DS throughout the lifespan. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses by age categories determined the distributive percentiles for cardiometabolic biomarkers and tested for adiposity as a predictor of CR. Across seven DS clinics, data were collected on 240 patients between the ages of 3 and 63 years, with one quarter overweight and three quarters obese among children and nearly all adults being obese. In children and adults, most cardiometabolic biomarker profiles showed distributive values within normal ranges. Blood lipids were positively associated with body mass index (BMI) in children (high density lipid-cholesterol, p = 0.01; low density lipid-cholesterol, p = 0.02). Levels of hs-CRP were elevated in both children and adults, with BMI positively associated with hs-CRP in adults with DS (p = 0.04). Liver enzyme values were positively associated with BMI in children and adults. The data suggest that in contrast to the general population, in individuals with Down syndrome, being overweight and obese does not appear to confer a significantly increased risk for cardiometabolic disease by biomarker profile. Individuals with DS who are overweight/obese appear to have unique cardiometabolic profiles unrelated to adiposity, notable for increased hs-CRP and normal HA1c levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas M Oreskovic
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicole T Baumer
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Boston Children's Hospital Down Syndrome Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chiara Di Camillo
- Pediatric Unit and Pediatric Emergency Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Michelle Cornachia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Catherine Franklin
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah J Hart
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Priya S Kishnani
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew McCormick
- Down Syndrome Center of Western Pennsylvania, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna L Milliken
- Boston Children's Hospital Down Syndrome Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vasiliki Patsiogiannis
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine G Pawlowski
- Boston Children's Hospital Down Syndrome Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie L Santoro
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sabrina Sargado
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Boston Children's Hospital Down Syndrome Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vittorio Scoppola
- Pediatric Unit and Pediatric Emergency Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Amy Torres
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diletta Valentini
- Pediatric Unit and Pediatric Emergency Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Kishore Vellody
- Down Syndrome Center of Western Pennsylvania, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alberto Villani
- Pediatric Unit and Pediatric Emergency Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Brian G Skotko
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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23
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Tooth wear prevalence in individuals with Down syndrome: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:943-953. [PMID: 36629964 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04856-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review investigated the prevalence of tooth wear between patients with and without Down syndrome. METHODS Six databases (Embase, LILACS, Livivo, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) and grey literature (Google Scholar, OpenGrey and ProQuest) were searched until March 7, 2022. Observational studies were included to assess the differences in tooth wear prevalence and/or severity in Down syndrome and non-syndromic controls. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations were followed. Three reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, assessed the methodological quality (Joanna Briggs Institute) and graded the certainty of evidence through the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results were summarized through meta-analyses using a random-effects model. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021266997). RESULTS Of the 1382 records identified, six cross-sectional studies were included. Individuals with Down syndrome had a higher prevalence and were more likely to have tooth wear than individuals without Down syndrome (44% × 15%; OR = 4.43; 95% CI 3.17-6.18; p < 0.00001; I2 = 8%). Also, the severity of tooth wear was higher in the Down syndrome group (n = 275) compared with the controls (n = 294). The certainty of evidence analysis was very low. CONCLUSIONS Based on very low certainty of the evidence, patients with Down syndrome had a higher prevalence and likelihood and severity of tooth wear when compared to those without Down syndrome. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Screening early tooth wear lesions should be carefully done in the Down syndrome population since its occurrence is remarkable compared to the general population.
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24
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Dimopoulos K, Constantine A, Clift P, Condliffe R, Moledina S, Jansen K, Inuzuka R, Veldtman GR, Cua CL, Tay ELW, Opotowsky AR, Giannakoulas G, Alonso-Gonzalez R, Cordina R, Capone G, Namuyonga J, Scott CH, D’Alto M, Gamero FJ, Chicoine B, Gu H, Limsuwan A, Majekodunmi T, Budts W, Coghlan G, Broberg CS, Constantine A, Clift P, Condliffe R, Moledina S, Jansen K. Cardiovascular Complications of Down Syndrome: Scoping Review and Expert Consensus. Circulation 2023; 147:425-441. [PMID: 36716257 PMCID: PMC9977420 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.059706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with Down syndrome. Congenital heart disease is the most common cardiovascular condition in this group, present in up to 50% of people with Down syndrome and contributing to poor outcomes. Additional factors contributing to cardiovascular outcomes include pulmonary hypertension; coexistent pulmonary, endocrine, and metabolic diseases; and risk factors for atherosclerotic disease. Moreover, disparities in the cardiovascular care of people with Down syndrome compared with the general population, which vary across different geographies and health care systems, further contribute to cardiovascular mortality; this issue is often overlooked by the wider medical community. This review focuses on the diagnosis, prevalence, and management of cardiovascular disease encountered in people with Down syndrome and summarizes available evidence in 10 key areas relating to Down syndrome and cardiac disease, from prenatal diagnosis to disparities in care in areas of differing resource availability. All specialists and nonspecialist clinicians providing care for people with Down syndrome should be aware of best clinical practice in all aspects of care of this distinct population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Dimopoulos
- Adult Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (K.D., A.C.).,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (K.D., A.C.)
| | - Andrew Constantine
- Adult Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (K.D., A.C.).,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (K.D., A.C.)
| | - Paul Clift
- Department of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Robin Condliffe
- Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.)
| | - Shahin Moledina
- National Paediatric Pulmonary Hypertension Service UK, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (S.M.).,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (S.M.)
| | - Katrijn Jansen
- Adult Congenital and Paediatric Heart Unit, Freeman Hospital Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (K.J.).,Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (K.J.)
| | - Ryo Inuzuka
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan (R.I.)
| | - Gruschen R. Veldtman
- Scottish Adult Congenital Cardiac Service, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom (G.R.V.)
| | - Clifford L. Cua
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (C.L.C.)
| | - Edgar Lik Wui Tay
- Department of Cardiology, National University Hospital Singapore (E.T.L.W.)
| | - Alexander R. Opotowsky
- The Heart Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (A.R.O.)
| | - George Giannakoulas
- Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Rafael Alonso-Gonzalez
- Division of Cardiology, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Peter Munk Cardiovascular Center, University of Toronto, Canada (R.A.-G.).,Toronto Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program, Canada (R.A.-G.)
| | - Rachael Cordina
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.C.)
| | - George Capone
- Down Syndrome Clinical and Research Center, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD (G. Capone).,Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (G. Capone)
| | - Judith Namuyonga
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (J.N.).,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda (J.N.)
| | | | - Michele D’Alto
- Department of Cardiology, University “L. Vanvitelli”–Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy (M.D.)
| | - Francisco J. Gamero
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Benjamin Bloom Children’s Hospital, El Salvador (F.J.G.)
| | - Brian Chicoine
- Advocate Medical Group Adult Down Syndrome Center, Park Ridge, IL (B.C.)
| | - Hong Gu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (H.G.)
| | - Alisa Limsuwan
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (A.L.)
| | - Tosin Majekodunmi
- Department of Cardiology, Euracare Multi-specialist Hospital, Nigeria (T.M.)
| | - Werner Budts
- Division of Congenital and Structural Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, and Department of Cardiovascular Science, Catholic University Leuven, Belgium (W.B.)
| | - Gerry Coghlan
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom (G. Coghlan)
| | - Craig S. Broberg
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (C.S.B.)
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25
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Zakaria D, Aziz S, Bartholomew S, Park SB, Robitaille C, Weeks M. Associations between chronic conditions and death in hospital among adults (aged 20+ years) during first acute care hospitalizations with a confirmed or suspected COVID-19 diagnosis in Canada. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280050. [PMID: 36598923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to quantify life course-specific associations between death in hospital and 30 chronic conditions, and comorbidity among them, in adults (aged 20+ years) during their first acute care hospitalization with a confirmed or suspected COVID-19 diagnosis in Canada. METHODS We identified 35,519 first acute care hospitalizations with a confirmed or suspected COVID-19 diagnosis in the Discharge Abstract Database as of March 31, 2021. For each of five life-course age groups (20-34, 35-49, 50-64, 65-79, and 80+ years), we used multivariable logistic regression to examine associations between death in hospital and 30 chronic conditions, comorbidity, period of admission, and pregnant status, after adjusting for sex and age. RESULTS About 20.9% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 died in hospital. Conditions most strongly associated with in-hospital death varied across the life course. Chronic liver disease, other nervous system disorders, and obesity were statistically significantly associated (α = 0.05) with in-hospital death in the 20-34 to 65-79 year age groups, but the magnitude of the associations decreased as age increased. Stroke (aOR = 5.24, 95% CI: 2.63, 9.83) and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases (aOR = 4.37, 95% CI: 1.64, 10.26) were significantly associated with in-hospital death among 35 to 49 year olds only. Among 50+ year olds, more chronic conditions were significantly associated with in-hospital death, but the magnitude of the associations were generally weaker except for Down syndrome in the 50 to 64 (aOR = 8.49, 95% CI: 4.28, 16.28) and 65 to 79 year age groups (aOR = 5.19, 95% CI: 1.44, 20.91). Associations between comorbidity and death also attenuated with age. Among 20 to 34 year olds, the likelihood of death was 19 times greater (aOR = 18.69, 95% CI: 7.69, 48.24) in patients with three or more conditions compared to patients with none of the conditions, while for 80+ year olds the likelihood of death was two times greater (aOR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.70, 2.45) for patients with six or more conditions compared to patients with none of the conditions. CONCLUSION Conditions most strongly associated with in-hospital death among hospitalized adults with COVID-19 vary across the life course, and the impact of chronic conditions and comorbidity attenuate with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne Zakaria
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samina Aziz
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon Bartholomew
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Su-Bin Park
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia Robitaille
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Murray Weeks
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Hewat TI, Laver TW, Houghton JAL, Männistö JME, Alvi S, Brearey SP, Cody D, Dastamani A, De los Santos La Torre M, Murphy N, Rami‐Merhar B, Wefers B, Huopio H, Banerjee I, Johnson MB, Flanagan SE. Increased referrals for congenital hyperinsulinism genetic testing in children with trisomy 21 reflects the high burden of non-genetic risk factors in this group. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:457-461. [PMID: 35294086 PMCID: PMC9310623 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperinsulinism results from inappropriate insulin secretion during hypoglycaemia. Down syndrome is causally linked to a number of endocrine disorders including Type 1 diabetes and neonatal diabetes. We noted a high number of individuals with Down syndrome referred for hyperinsulinism genetic testing, and therefore aimed to investigate whether the prevalence of Down syndrome was increased in our hyperinsulinism cohort compared to the population. METHODS We identified individuals with Down syndrome referred for hyperinsulinism genetic testing to the Exeter Genomics Laboratory between 2008 and 2020. We sequenced the known hyperinsulinism genes in all individuals and investigated their clinical features. RESULTS We identified 11 individuals with Down syndrome in a cohort of 2011 patients referred for genetic testing for hyperinsulinism. This represents an increased prevalence compared to the population (2.5/2011 expected vs. 11/2011 observed, p = 6.8 × 10-5 ). A pathogenic ABCC8 mutation was identified in one of the 11 individuals. Of the remaining 10 individuals, five had non-genetic risk factors for hyperinsulinism resulting from the Down syndrome phenotype: intrauterine growth restriction, prematurity, gastric/oesophageal surgery, and asparaginase treatment for leukaemia. For five individuals no risk factors for hypoglycaemia were reported although two of these individuals had transient hyperinsulinism and one was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Down syndrome is more common in patients with hyperinsulinism than in the population. This is likely due to an increased burden of non-genetic risk factors resulting from the Down syndrome phenotype. Down syndrome should not preclude genetic testing as coincidental monogenic hyperinsulinism and Down syndrome is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas I. Hewat
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical ScienceUniversity of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
| | - Thomas W. Laver
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical ScienceUniversity of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
| | | | - Jonna M. E. Männistö
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
| | | | | | - Declan Cody
- Children's Health Ireland at CrumlinDublinIreland
| | - Antonia Dastamani
- Endocrinology DepartmentGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | | | | | - Birgit Rami‐Merhar
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Hanna Huopio
- Department of PediatricsKuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
| | - Indraneel Banerjee
- Department of Paediatric EndocrinologyRoyal Manchester Children's HospitalManchesterUK
| | - Matthew B. Johnson
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical ScienceUniversity of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
| | - Sarah E. Flanagan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical ScienceUniversity of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
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Mathan JJ, Simkin SK, Gokul A, McGhee CNJ. Down syndrome and the eye: ocular characteristics and ocular assessment. Surv Ophthalmol 2022; 67:1631-1646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Rivelli A, Fitzpatrick V, Chaudhari S, Chicoine L, Jia G, Rzhetsky A, Chicoine B. Prevalence of Mental Health Conditions Among 6078 Individuals With Down Syndrome in the United States. J Patient Cent Res Rev 2022; 9:58-63. [PMID: 35111883 PMCID: PMC8772605 DOI: 10.17294/2330-0698.1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Findings from a recent study of the largest documented cohort of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) in the United States described prevalence of common disease conditions and strongly suggested significant disparity in mental health conditions among these individuals as compared with age- and sex-matched individuals without DS. The retrospective, descriptive study reported herein is a follow-up to document prevalence of 58 mental health conditions across 28 years of data from 6078 individuals with DS and 30,326 age- and sex-matched controls. Patient data were abstracted from electronic medical records within a large integrated health system. In general, individuals with DS had higher prevalence of mood disorders (including depression); anxiety disorders (including obsessive-compulsive disorder); schizophrenia; psychosis (including hallucinations); pseudobulbar affect; personality disorder; dementia (including Alzheimer's disease); mental disorder due to physiologic causes; conduct disorder; tic disorder; and impulse control disorder. Conversely, the DS cohort experienced lower prevalence of bipolar I disorder; generalized anxiety, panic, phobic, and posttraumatic stress disorders; substance use disorders (including alcohol, opioid, cannabis, cocaine, and nicotine disorders); and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Prevalence of many mental health conditions in the setting of DS vastly differs from comparable individuals without DS. These findings delineate a heretofore unclear jumping-off point for ongoing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rivelli
- Advocate Aurora Health, Downers Grove, IL
- Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Downers Grove, IL
| | - Veronica Fitzpatrick
- Advocate Aurora Health, Downers Grove, IL
- Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Downers Grove, IL
| | - Sagar Chaudhari
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL
| | - Laura Chicoine
- Advocate Aurora Health, Downers Grove, IL
- Advocate Medical Group Adult Down Syndrome Center, Park Ridge, IL
| | | | | | - Brian Chicoine
- Advocate Aurora Health, Downers Grove, IL
- Advocate Medical Group Adult Down Syndrome Center, Park Ridge, IL
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Baumgardner DJ. A Fond Farewell. J Patient Cent Res Rev 2022; 9:5-6. [PMID: 35111877 PMCID: PMC8772609 DOI: 10.17294/2330-0698.1923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J Baumgardner
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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30
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Fitzpatrick V, Rivelli A, Chaudhari S, Chicoine L, Jia G, Rzhetsky A, Chicoine B. Prevalence of Infectious Diseases Among 6078 Individuals With Down Syndrome in the United States. J Patient Cent Res Rev 2022; 9:64-69. [PMID: 35111884 PMCID: PMC8772611 DOI: 10.17294/2330-0698.1876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent disease prevalence study of the largest documented Down syndrome (DS) cohort in the United States strongly suggested significant disparity in general infectious disease conditions among individuals with DS versus those without DS. In this follow-up retrospective analysis, we explored these differences in greater detail by calculating prevalence of 52 infectious diseases, across 28 years of data among 6078 individuals with DS and 30,326 age- and sex-matched controls, abstracted from electronic medical records within a large Midwestern health system. We found that the DS cohort had higher prevalence of pneumonias (including aspiration, viral, bacterial, pneumococcal, and unspecified/atypical); otitis externa; and the skin infections impetigo, abscess, and cellulitis. To the contrary, the DS cohort had lower prevalence of many respiratory infections other than pneumonia (including influenza, strep pharyngitis, upper respiratory infection, sinusitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, scarlet fever, and otitis media); sexually transmitted infections (including bacterial vaginosis, chlamydia, genital herpes, HIV/AIDS, human papillomavirus, pelvic inflammatory disease, and trichomoniasis); mononucleosis; shingles; unspecified hepatitis; intestinal infections; and enteritis. These findings highlight that individuals with DS could be more or less prone to different infectious diseases than their non-DS matched counterparts. Additional research to understand why these differences exist and how they might affect the clinical approach to patients with DS is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Fitzpatrick
- Advocate Aurora Health, Downers Grove, IL
- Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Downers Grove, IL
| | - Anne Rivelli
- Advocate Aurora Health, Downers Grove, IL
- Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Downers Grove, IL
| | - Sagar Chaudhari
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL
| | - Laura Chicoine
- Advocate Aurora Health, Downers Grove, IL
- Advocate Medical Group Adult Down Syndrome Center, Park Ridge, IL
| | | | | | - Brian Chicoine
- Advocate Aurora Health, Downers Grove, IL
- Advocate Medical Group Adult Down Syndrome Center, Park Ridge, IL
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Rivelli A, Fitzpatrick V, Wales D, Chicoine L, Jia G, Rzhetsky A, Chicoine B. Prevalence of Endocrine Disorders Among 6078 Individuals With Down Syndrome in the United States. J Patient Cent Res Rev 2022. [PMID: 35111885 DOI: 10.1729/2330-0698.1877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Findings from a recent study describing prevalence of common disease conditions in the largest documented cohort of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) in the United States strongly suggested significant disparity in endocrine disorders among these individuals when compared with age- and sex-matched individuals without DS. This retrospective, descriptive study is a follow-up report documenting prevalence of 21 endocrine disorder conditions, across 28 years of data, from 6078 individuals with DS and 30,326 age- and sex-matched controls, abstracted from electronic medical records within a large integrated health system. Overall, individuals with DS experienced higher prevalence of adrenal insufficiency and Addison's disease; thyroid disorders, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Hashimoto's disease, and Graves' disease; prolactinoma/hyperprolactinemia; diabetes insipidus; type I diabetes mellitus; and gout. Conversely, those with DS had lower prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome and type II diabetes mellitus. Many prevalences of endocrine conditions seen in individuals with DS significantly differ relative to their non-DS matched counterparts. These varied findings warrant further exploration into how screening for and treatment of endocrine conditions may need to be approached differently for individuals with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rivelli
- Advocate Aurora Health, Downers Grove, IL
- Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Downers Grove, IL
| | - Veronica Fitzpatrick
- Advocate Aurora Health, Downers Grove, IL
- Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Downers Grove, IL
| | - Danielle Wales
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL
| | - Laura Chicoine
- Advocate Aurora Health, Downers Grove, IL
- Advocate Medical Group Adult Down Syndrome Center, Park Ridge, IL
| | | | | | - Brian Chicoine
- Advocate Aurora Health, Downers Grove, IL
- Advocate Medical Group Adult Down Syndrome Center, Park Ridge, IL
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33
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Jones JT, Smith C, Talib N. Brief Musculoskeletal Screen and Patient Education for Down Syndrome-Associated Arthritis. Glob Pediatr Health 2021; 8:2333794X211045562. [PMID: 34527768 PMCID: PMC8436300 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x211045562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T Jones
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.,University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.,University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Association between Hypothyroidism Onset and Alzheimer Disease Onset in Adults with Down Syndrome. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091223. [PMID: 34573243 PMCID: PMC8468431 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adults with Down syndrome (DS) have an exceptionally high frequency of Alzheimer disease (AD) with a wide variability in onset, from 40 to 70 years of age. Equally prevalent in DS is hypothyroidism. In this study, we sought to quantify the relationship between the two. A total of 232 adults with DS and AD were stratified into three AD onset age groups: early (<47 years), typical (48–59), and late (>59). Among patients with available data, differences in the distributions of demographics, hypothyroidism variables (presence, age of onset), thyroid function tests, thyroid autoantibodies, and APOE genotypes were assessed (e.g., chi-squared, Mann–Whitney tests). Spearman and partial Spearman correlations and ordinal logistic regression models were constructed to quantify the association between ages of AD and hypothyroidism onset with and without covariate adjustments. We observed a positive association between the ages of AD and hypothyroidism onset after accounting for APOE-Ɛ4 (correlation: 0.44, 0.24, 0.60; odds ratio: 1.09, 1.05–1.14). However, an early age of hypothyroidism onset and the presence of the APOE-Ɛ4 allele were independently associated with the early age of AD onset. Similar findings were observed when accounting for other factors. Our study provides evidence for the importance of hypothyroidism and associated pathological mechanisms for risk of AD in DS.
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35
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White AN, Chevette M, Hillerstrom H, Esbensen A. Parental perspectives on research for Down syndrome. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2021; 35:179-187. [PMID: 34510659 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome is the most common genetic disorder associated with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Research to improve health care outcomes in Down syndrome lags significantly behind other disease categories. Among these reasons are funding, recruitment and availability of research studies being conducted. METHODS We surveyed 228 parents of individuals with Down syndrome to understand their perceptions of research, study design, how they seek out information and topics they would like to see researched. RESULTS Parents with children 18 years and younger responded to our survey. Parents indicated their willingness to participate in research (72%), yet few have (36%). Parents identified barriers to participation, research they feel would help their child, and interests in seeing new therapies and drug studies. CONCLUSION These findings identify recommendations and insights from parents on future research agendas, studies and recruitment strategies that may help researchers improve outcomes for individuals with Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Nicole White
- Graduate School of Leadership and Change, Antioch University, Yellow Springs, Ohio, USA.,Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Anna Esbensen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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