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Zhou M, Wei L, Lu R. Emerging role of sirtuins in non‑small cell lung cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2024; 52:127. [PMID: 39092574 PMCID: PMC11304160 DOI: 10.3892/or.2024.8786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly prevalent lung malignancy characterized by insidious onset, rapid progression and advanced stage at the time of diagnosis, making radical surgery impossible. Sirtuin (SIRT) is a histone deacetylase that relies on NAD+ for its function, regulating the aging process through modifications in protein activity and stability. It is intricately linked to various processes, including glycolipid metabolism, inflammation, lifespan regulation, tumor formation and stress response. An increasing number of studies indicate that SIRTs significantly contribute to the progression of NSCLC by regulating pathophysiological processes such as energy metabolism, autophagy and apoptosis in tumor cells through the deacetylation of histones or non‑histone proteins. The present review elaborates on the roles of different SIRTs and their mechanisms in NSCLC, while also summarizing novel therapeutic agents based on SIRTs. It aims to present new ideas and a theoretical basis for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Renfu Lu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
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2
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Özdemir C, Purkey LR, Sanchez A, Miller KM. PARticular MARks: Histone ADP-ribosylation and the DNA damage response. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 140:103711. [PMID: 38924925 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Cellular and molecular responses to DNA damage are highly orchestrated and dynamic, acting to preserve the maintenance and integrity of the genome. Histone proteins bind DNA and organize the genome into chromatin. Post-translational modifications of histones have been shown to play an essential role in orchestrating the chromatin response to DNA damage by regulating the DNA damage response pathway. Among the histone modifications that contribute to this intricate network, histone ADP-ribosylation (ADPr) is emerging as a pivotal component of chromatin-based DNA damage response (DDR) pathways. In this review, we survey how histone ADPr is regulated to promote the DDR and how it impacts chromatin and other histone marks. Recent advancements have revealed histone ADPr effects on chromatin structure and the regulation of DNA repair factor recruitment to DNA lesions. Additionally, we highlight advancements in technology that have enabled the identification and functional validation of histone ADPr in cells and in response to DNA damage. Given the involvement of DNA damage and epigenetic regulation in human diseases including cancer, these findings have clinical implications for histone ADPr, which are also discussed. Overall, this review covers the involvement of histone ADPr in the DDR and highlights potential future investigations aimed at identifying mechanisms governed by histone ADPr that participate in the DDR, human diseases, and their treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Özdemir
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Laura R Purkey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Anthony Sanchez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Kyle M Miller
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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3
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Hao W, Jialong Z, Jiuzhi Y, Yang Y, Chongning L, Jincai L. ADP-ribosylation, a multifaceted modification: Functions and mechanisms in aging and aging-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102347. [PMID: 38815933 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Aging, a complex biological process, plays key roles the development of multiple disorders referred as aging-related diseases involving cardiovascular diseases, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, lipid metabolism-related diseases. ADP-ribosylation is a reversible modification onto proteins and nucleic acids to alter their structures and/or functions. Growing evidence support the importance of ADP-ribosylation and ADP-ribosylation-associated enzymes in aging and age-related diseases. In this review, we summarized ADP-ribosylation-associated proteins including ADP-ribosyl transferases, the ADP-ribosyl hydrolyses and ADP-ribose binding domains. Furthermore, we outlined the latest knowledge about regulation of ADP-ribosylation in the pathogenesis and progression of main aging-related diseases, organism aging and cellular senescence, and we also speculated the underlying mechanisms to better disclose this novel molecular network. Moreover, we discussed current issues and provided an outlook for future research, aiming to revealing the unknown bio-properties of ADP-ribosylation, and establishing a novel therapeutic perspective in aging-related diseases and health aging via targeting ADP-ribosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Hao
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhao Jialong
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Jiuzhi
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lv Chongning
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Resources Conservation and Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Jincai
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Resources Conservation and Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
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4
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Yu L, Li Y, Song S, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Yang Z, Wang Y. The dual role of sirtuins in cancer: biological functions and implications. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1384928. [PMID: 38947884 PMCID: PMC11211395 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1384928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are pivotal in orchestrating numerous cellular pathways, critically influencing cell metabolism, DNA repair, aging processes, and oxidative stress. In recent years, the involvement of sirtuins in tumor biology has garnered substantial attention, with a growing body of evidence underscoring their regulatory roles in various aberrant cellular processes within tumor environments. This article delves into the sirtuin family and its biological functions, shedding light on their dual roles-either as promoters or inhibitors-in various cancers including oral, breast, hepatocellular, lung, and gastric cancers. It further explores potential anti-tumor agents targeting sirtuins, unraveling the complex interplay between sirtuins, miRNAs, and chemotherapeutic drugs. The dual roles of sirtuins in cancer biology reflect the complexity of targeting these enzymes but also highlight the immense therapeutic potential. These advancements hold significant promise for enhancing clinical outcomes, marking a pivotal step forward in the ongoing battle against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Department of Respiratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjiao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan Song
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yalin Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Center of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Center of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Center of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hailian Wang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Nanning, China
| | - Zhengteng Yang
- Department of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Center of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Nanning, China
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5
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Divya KP, Kanwar N, Anuranjana PV, Kumar G, Beegum F, George KT, Kumar N, Nandakumar K, Kanwal A. SIRT6 in Regulation of Mitochondrial Damage and Associated Cardiac Dysfunctions: A Possible Therapeutic Target for CVDs. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:598-621. [PMID: 38689163 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) can be described as a global health emergency imploring possible prevention strategies. Although the pathogenesis of CVDs has been extensively studied, the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in CVD development has yet to be investigated. Diabetic cardiomyopathy, ischemic-reperfusion injury, and heart failure are some of the CVDs resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction Recent evidence from the research states that any dysfunction of mitochondria has an impact on metabolic alteration, eventually causes the death of a healthy cell and therefore, progressively directing to the predisposition of disease. Cardiovascular research investigating the targets that both protect and treat mitochondrial damage will help reduce the risk and increase the quality of life of patients suffering from various CVDs. One such target, i.e., nuclear sirtuin SIRT6 is strongly associated with cardiac function. However, the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and SIRT6 concerning cardiovascular pathologies remains poorly understood. Although the Role of SIRT6 in skeletal muscles and cardiomyocytes through mitochondrial regulation has been well understood, its specific role in mitochondrial maintenance in cardiomyocytes is poorly determined. The review aims to explore the domain-specific function of SIRT6 in cardiomyocytes and is an effort to know how SIRT6, mitochondria, and CVDs are related.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Divya
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Navjot Kanwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab, Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, 151005, India
| | - P V Anuranjana
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- School of Pharmacy, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Fathima Beegum
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krupa Thankam George
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Educations and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - K Nandakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Abhinav Kanwal
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, 151005, India.
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Han Y, Zhao H, Li G, Jia J, Guo H, Tan J, Sun X, Li S, Ran Q, Bai C, Gu Y, Li Z, Guan H, Gao S, Zhou PK. GCN5 mediates DNA-PKcs crotonylation for DNA double-strand break repair and determining cancer radiosensitivity. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1621-1634. [PMID: 38575732 PMCID: PMC11091118 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02636-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA double-strand break (DSB) induction and repair are important events for determining cell survival and the outcome of cancer radiotherapy. The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) complex functions at the apex of DSBs repair, and its assembly and activity are strictly regulated by post-translation modifications (PTMs)-associated interactions. However, the PTMs of the catalytic subunit DNA-PKcs and how they affect DNA-PKcs's functions are not fully understood. METHODS Mass spectrometry analyses were performed to identify the crotonylation sites of DNA-PKcs in response to γ-ray irradiation. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), western blotting, in vitro crotonylation assays, laser microirradiation assays, in vitro DNA binding assays, in vitro DNA-PK assembly assays and IF assays were employed to confirm the crotonylation, identify the crotonylase and decrotonylase, and elucidate how crotonylation regulates the activity and function of DNA-PKcs. Subcutaneous xenografts of human HeLa GCN5 WT or HeLa GCN5 siRNA cells in BALB/c nude mice were generated and utilized to assess tumor proliferation in vivo after radiotherapy. RESULTS Here, we reveal that K525 is an important site of DNA-PKcs for crotonylation, and whose level is sharply increased by irradiation. The histone acetyltransferase GCN5 functions as the crotonylase for K525-Kcr, while HDAC3 serves as its dedicated decrotonylase. K525 crotonylation enhances DNA binding activity of DNA-PKcs, and facilitates assembly of the DNA-PK complex. Furthermore, GCN5-mediated K525 crotonylation is indispensable for DNA-PKcs autophosphorylation and the repair of double-strand breaks in the NHEJ pathway. GCN5 suppression significantly sensitizes xenograft tumors of mice to radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Our study defines K525 crotonylation of DNA-PKcs is important for the DNA-PK complex assembly and DSBs repair activity via NHEJ pathway. Targeting GCN5-mediated K525 Kcr of DNA-PKcs may be a promising therapeutic strategy for improving the outcome of cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongling Zhao
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Li
- School of Public Health, Institute for Environmental Medicine and Radiation Hygiene, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Hospital Infection Control, Shenzhen Luohu Peoples Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin Jia
- School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hejiang Guo
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinpeng Tan
- School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xingyao Sun
- School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Saiyu Li
- School of life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Qian Ran
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenjun Bai
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqing Gu
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - ZhongJun Li
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hua Guan
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
- School of Public Health, Institute for Environmental Medicine and Radiation Hygiene, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
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Tan H, Miao MX, Luo RX, So J, Peng L, Zhu X, Leung EHW, Zhu L, Chan KM, Cheung M, Chan SY. TSPYL1 as a Critical Regulator of TGFβ Signaling through Repression of TGFBR1 and TSPYL2. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306486. [PMID: 38588050 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Nucleosome assembly proteins (NAPs) have been identified as histone chaperons. Testis-Specific Protein, Y-Encoded-Like (TSPYL) is a newly arisen NAP family in mammals. TSPYL2 can be transcriptionally induced by DNA damage and TGFβ causing proliferation arrest. TSPYL1, another TSPYL family member, has been poorly characterized and is the only TSPYL family member known to be causal of a lethal recessive disease in humans. This study shows that TSPYL1 and TSPYL2 play an opposite role in TGFβ signaling. TSPYL1 partners with the transcription factor FOXA1 and histone methyltransferase EZH2, and at the same time represses TGFBR1 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Depletion of TSPYL1 increases TGFBR1 expression, upregulates TGFβ signaling, and elevates the protein stability of TSPYL2. Intriguingly, TSPYL2 forms part of the SMAD2/3/4 signal transduction complex upon stimulation by TGFβ to execute the transcriptional responses. Depletion of TSPYL2 rescues the EMT phenotype of TSPYL1 knockdown in A549 lung carcinoma cells. The data demonstrates the prime role of TSPYL2 in causing the dramatic defects in TSPYL1 deficiency. An intricate counter-balancing role of TSPYL1 and TSPYL2 in regulating TGFβ signaling is also unraveled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Tan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mia Xinfang Miao
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rylee Xu Luo
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joan So
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Peng
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eva Hin Wa Leung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lina Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kui Ming Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martin Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu Yuen Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Frobel J, Hänsel-Hertsch R. The age-related decline of helicase function-how G-quadruplex structures promote genome instability. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38803008 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The intricate mechanisms underlying transcription-dependent genome instability involve G-quadruplexes (G4) and R-loops. This perspective elucidates the potential link between these structures and genome instability in aging. The co-occurrence of G4 DNA and RNA-DNA hybrid structures (G-loop) underscores a complex interplay in genome regulation and instability. Here, we hypothesize that the age-related decline of sirtuin function leads to an increase in acetylated helicases that bind to G4 DNA and RNA-DNA hybrid structures, but are less efficient in resolving them. We propose that acetylated, less active, helicases induce persistent G-loop structures, promoting transcription-dependent genome instability in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Frobel
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Hänsel-Hertsch
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Germany
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Germany
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9
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Smirnova E, Bignon E, Schultz P, Papai G, Ben Shem A. Binding to nucleosome poises human SIRT6 for histone H3 deacetylation. eLife 2024; 12:RP87989. [PMID: 38415718 PMCID: PMC10942634 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is an NAD+-dependent histone H3 deacetylase that is prominently found associated with chromatin, attenuates transcriptionally active promoters and regulates DNA repair, metabolic homeostasis and lifespan. Unlike other sirtuins, it has low affinity to free histone tails but demonstrates strong binding to nucleosomes. It is poorly understood how SIRT6 docking on nucleosomes stimulates its histone deacetylation activity. Here, we present the structure of human SIRT6 bound to a nucleosome determined by cryogenic electron microscopy. The zinc finger domain of SIRT6 associates tightly with the acidic patch of the nucleosome through multiple arginine anchors. The Rossmann fold domain binds to the terminus of the looser DNA half of the nucleosome, detaching two turns of the DNA from the histone octamer and placing the NAD+ binding pocket close to the DNA exit site. This domain shows flexibility with respect to the fixed zinc finger and moves with, but also relative to, the unwrapped DNA terminus. We apply molecular dynamics simulations of the histone tails in the nucleosome to show that in this mode of interaction, the active site of SIRT6 is perfectly poised to catalyze deacetylation of the H3 histone tail and that the partial unwrapping of the DNA allows even lysines close to the H3 core to reach the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Smirnova
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)IllkirchFrance
- Université de Strasbourg, IGBMC UMR 7104-UMR-S 1258IllkirchFrance
- CNRS, UMR 7104IllkirchFrance
- Inserm, UMR-S 1258IllkirchFrance
| | | | - Patrick Schultz
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)IllkirchFrance
- Université de Strasbourg, IGBMC UMR 7104-UMR-S 1258IllkirchFrance
- CNRS, UMR 7104IllkirchFrance
- Inserm, UMR-S 1258IllkirchFrance
| | - Gabor Papai
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)IllkirchFrance
- Université de Strasbourg, IGBMC UMR 7104-UMR-S 1258IllkirchFrance
- CNRS, UMR 7104IllkirchFrance
- Inserm, UMR-S 1258IllkirchFrance
| | - Adam Ben Shem
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)IllkirchFrance
- Université de Strasbourg, IGBMC UMR 7104-UMR-S 1258IllkirchFrance
- CNRS, UMR 7104IllkirchFrance
- Inserm, UMR-S 1258IllkirchFrance
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10
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Andreani C, Bartolacci C, Persico G, Casciaro F, Amatori S, Fanelli M, Giorgio M, Galié M, Tomassoni D, Wang J, Zhang X, Bick G, Coppari R, Marchini C, Amici A. SIRT6 promotes metastasis and relapse in HER2-positive breast cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22000. [PMID: 38081972 PMCID: PMC10713583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The histone deacetylase sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) has been endowed with anti-cancer capabilities in many tumor types. Here, we investigate the impact of SIRT6-overexpression (SIRT6-OE) in Delta16HER2 mice, which are a bona fide model of HER2-positive breast cancer. After an initial delay in the tumor onset, SIRT6-OE induces a more aggressive phenotype of Delta16HER2 tumors promoting the formation of higher number of tumor foci and metastases than controls. This phenotype of SIRT6-OE tumors is associated with cancer stem cell (CSC)-like features and tumor dormancy, and low senescence and oxidative DNA damage. Accordingly, a sub-set of HER2-positive breast cancer patients with concurrent SIRT6-OE has a significant poorer relapse-free survival (RFS) probability than patients with low expression of SIRT6. ChIP-seq, RNA-seq and RT-PCR experiments indicate that SIRT6-OE represses the expression of the T-box transcription factor 3 (Tbx3) by deacetylation of H3K9ac. Accordingly, loss-of-function mutations of TBX3 or low TBX3 expression levels are predictive of poor prognosis in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Our work indicates that high levels of SIRT6 are indicative of poor prognosis and high risk of metastasis in HER2-positive breast cancer and suggests further investigation of TBX3 as a downstream target of SIRT6 and co-marker of poor-prognosis. Our results point to a breast cancer subtype-specific effect of SIRT6 and warrant future studies dissecting the mechanisms of SIRT6 regulation in different breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Andreani
- Department of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, Italy.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 45219, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Caterina Bartolacci
- Department of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 45219, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Giuseppe Persico
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS-European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Casciaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Amatori
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory "PaoLa", Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61032, Fano, Italy
| | - Mirco Fanelli
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory "PaoLa", Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61032, Fano, Italy
| | - Marco Giorgio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS-European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Mirco Galié
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Daniele Tomassoni
- Department of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Junbiao Wang
- Department of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, 45219, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gregory Bick
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, 45219, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Roberto Coppari
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Marchini
- Department of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, Italy.
| | - Augusto Amici
- Department of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, Italy
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11
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Chen Y, Huang S, Cui Z, Sun X, Tang Y, Zhang H, Chen Z, Jiang R, Zhang W, Li X, Chen J, Liu B, Jiang Y, Wei K, Mao Z. Impaired end joining induces cardiac atrophy in a Hutchinson-Gilford progeria mouse model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2309200120. [PMID: 37967221 PMCID: PMC10666128 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309200120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) present with a number of premature aging phenotypes, including DNA damage accumulation, and many of them die of cardiovascular complications. Although vascular pathologies have been reported, whether HGPS patients exhibit cardiac dysfunction and its underlying mechanism is unclear, rendering limited options for treating HGPS-related cardiomyopathy. In this study, we reported a cardiac atrophy phenotype in the LmnaG609G/G609G mice (hereafter, HGPS mice). Using a GFP-based reporter system, we demonstrated that the efficiency of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) declined by 50% in HGPS cardiomyocytes in vivo, due to the attenuated interaction between γH2AX and Progerin, the causative factor of HGPS. As a result, genomic instability in cardiomyocytes led to an increase of CHK2 protein level, promoting the LKB1-AMPKα interaction and AMPKα phosphorylation, which further led to the activation of FOXO3A-mediated transcription of atrophy-related genes. Moreover, inhibiting AMPK enlarged cardiomyocyte sizes both in vitro and in vivo. Most importantly, our proof-of-concept study indicated that isoproterenol treatment significantly reduced AMPKα and FOXO3A phosphorylation in the heart, attenuated the atrophy phenotype, and extended the mean lifespan of HGPS mice by ~21%, implying that targeting cardiac atrophy may be an approach to HGPS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Shiqi Huang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Zhen Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Yansong Tang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Zhixi Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Weina Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Carson International Cancer Center, Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Ke Wei
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Zhiyong Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao266071, China
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12
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Kang W, Hamza A, Curry AM, Korade E, Donu D, Cen Y. Activation of SIRT6 Deacetylation by DNA Strand Breaks. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:41310-41320. [PMID: 37970049 PMCID: PMC10633859 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
SIRT6 is an emerging regulator of longevity. Overexpression of SIRT6 extends the lifespan of mice. Conversely, SIRT6 knockout mice demonstrate severe metabolic defects and a shortened lifespan. The discrepancy between SIRT6's weak in vitro activity and robust in vivo activity has led to the hypothesis that this enzyme can be activated in response to DNA damage in cells. Here, we demonstrate that the deacetylase activity of SIRT6 can be stimulated by DNA strand breaks for synthetic peptide and histone substrates. The mechanism of activation is further explored by using an integrative chemical biology approach. SIRT6 can be preferentially activated by DNA lesions harboring a 5'-phosphate. The N- and C-termini of SIRT6 are strictly required for DNA break-induced activation. Additionally, the defatty-acylase activity of SIRT6 is also sensitive to DNA breaks, although the physiological significance needs further investigation. Collectively, our study sheds important light on the cellular regulation of diverse SIRT6 activities and suggests possible strategies for effective SIRT6 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Kang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0540, United States
| | - Abu Hamza
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0540, United States
| | - Alyson M. Curry
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0540, United States
| | - Evan Korade
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0540, United States
| | - Dickson Donu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0540, United States
| | - Yana Cen
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0540, United States
- Institute
for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0133, United States
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13
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Head PE, Kapoor-Vazirani P, Nagaraju GP, Zhang H, Rath S, Luong N, Haji-Seyed-Javadi R, Sesay F, Wang SY, Duong D, Daddacha W, Minten E, Song B, Danelia D, Liu X, Li S, Ortlund E, Seyfried N, Smalley D, Wang Y, Deng X, Dynan W, El-Rayes B, Davis A, Yu D. DNA-PK is activated by SIRT2 deacetylation to promote DNA double-strand break repair by non-homologous end joining. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:7972-7987. [PMID: 37395399 PMCID: PMC10450170 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) plays a critical role in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), the predominant pathway that repairs DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) in response to ionizing radiation (IR) to govern genome integrity. The interaction of the catalytic subunit of DNA-PK (DNA-PKcs) with the Ku70/Ku80 heterodimer on DSBs leads to DNA-PK activation; however, it is not known if upstream signaling events govern this activation. Here, we reveal a regulatory step governing DNA-PK activation by SIRT2 deacetylation, which facilitates DNA-PKcs localization to DSBs and interaction with Ku, thereby promoting DSB repair by NHEJ. SIRT2 deacetylase activity governs cellular resistance to DSB-inducing agents and promotes NHEJ. SIRT2 furthermore interacts with and deacetylates DNA-PKcs in response to IR. SIRT2 deacetylase activity facilitates DNA-PKcs interaction with Ku and localization to DSBs and promotes DNA-PK activation and phosphorylation of downstream NHEJ substrates. Moreover, targeting SIRT2 with AGK2, a SIRT2-specific inhibitor, augments the efficacy of IR in cancer cells and tumors. Our findings define a regulatory step for DNA-PK activation by SIRT2-mediated deacetylation, elucidating a critical upstream signaling event initiating the repair of DSBs by NHEJ. Furthermore, our data suggest that SIRT2 inhibition may be a promising rationale-driven therapeutic strategy for increasing the effectiveness of radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- PamelaSara E Head
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Priya Kapoor-Vazirani
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ganji P Nagaraju
- School of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sandip K Rath
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nho C Luong
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ramona Haji-Seyed-Javadi
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Fatmata Sesay
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shi-Ya Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Duc M Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Waaqo Daddacha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Elizabeth V Minten
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Boying Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Diana Danelia
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shuyi Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David M Smalley
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xingming Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - William S Dynan
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bassel El-Rayes
- School of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Anthony J Davis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - David S Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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14
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Song N, Guan X, Zhang S, Wang Y, Wang X, Lu Z, Chong D, Wang JY, Yu R, Yu W, Jiang T, Gu Y. Discovery of a pyrrole-pyridinimidazole derivative as novel SIRT6 inhibitor for sensitizing pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:499. [PMID: 37542062 PMCID: PMC10403574 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive cancer, and is primarily treated with gemcitabine, with increasing resistance. SIRT6 as a member of sirtuin family plays important roles in lifespan and diverse diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Considering the role of SIRT6 in the cytoprotective effect, it might be a potential anticancer drug target, and is associated with resistance to anticancer therapy. However, very few SIRT6 inhibitors have been reported. Here, we reported the discovery of a pyrrole-pyridinimidazole derivative, 8a, as a new non-competitive SIRT6 inhibitor, and studied its roles and mechanisms in the antitumor activity and sensitization of pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine. Firstly, we found a potent SIRT6 inhibitor compound 8a by virtual screening and identified by molecular and cellular SIRT6 activity assays. 8a could effectively inhibit SIRT6 deacetylation activity with IC50 values of 7.46 ± 0.79 μM in FLUOR DE LYS assay, and 8a significantly increased the acetylation levels of H3 in cells. Then, we found that 8a could inhibit the cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. We further demonstrate that 8a sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine via reversing the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ERK signaling pathways induced by gemcitabine and blocking the DNA damage repair pathway. Moreover, combination of 8a and gemcitabine induces cooperative antitumor activity in pancreatic cancer xenograft model in vivo. Overall, we demonstrate that 8a, a novel SIRT6 inhibitor, could be a promising potential drug candidate for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xian Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xuekai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhongxia Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Daochen Chong
- Department of Pathology, 971 Hospital of PLA Navy, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jennifer Yiyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Rilei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wengong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Yuchao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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15
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You Y, Liang W. SIRT1 and SIRT6: The role in aging-related diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166815. [PMID: 37499928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by progressive functional deterioration with increased risk of mortality. It is a complex biological process driven by a multitude of intertwined mechanisms such as increased DNA damage, chronic inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction. Sirtuins (SIRTs) are a family of NAD+-dependent enzymes that regulate fundamental biological functions from genomic stability and lifespan to energy metabolism and tumorigenesis. Of the seven mammalian SIRT isotypes (SIRT1-7), SIRT1 and SIRT6 are well-recognized for regulating signaling pathways related to aging. Herein, we review the protective role of SIRT1 and SIRT6 in aging-related diseases at molecular, cellular, tissue, and whole-organism levels. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of SIRT1 and SIRT6 modulators in the treatment of these diseases and challenges thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzi You
- Department of General Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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16
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Wu K, Wang Y, Liu R, Wang H, Rui T. The role of mammalian Sirtuin 6 in cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1207133. [PMID: 37497437 PMCID: PMC10366693 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1207133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are severe diseases posing threat to human health because of their high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The incidence of diabetes mellitus is also increasing rapidly. Various signaling molecules are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6), which is a class III histone deacetylase, has attracted numerous attentions since its discovery. Sirt6 enjoys a unique structure, important biological functions, and is involved in multiple cellular processes such as stress response, mitochondrial biogenesis, transcription, insulin resistance, inflammatory response, chromatin silencing, and apoptosis. Sirt6 also plays significant roles in regulating several cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, as well as cardiac remodeling, bringing Sirt6 into the focus of clinical interests. In this review, we examine the recent advances in understanding the mechanistic working through which Sirt6 alters the course of lethal cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus.
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17
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Svetlova M, Solovjeva L, Kropotov A, Nikiforov A. The Impact of NAD Bioavailability on DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Capacity in Human Dermal Fibroblasts after Ionizing Radiation. Cells 2023; 12:1518. [PMID: 37296639 PMCID: PMC10252650 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) serves as a substrate for protein deacetylases sirtuins and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, which are involved in the regulation of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair molecular machinery by various mechanisms. However, the impact of NAD bioavailability on DSB repair remains poorly characterized. Herein, using immunocytochemical analysis of γH2AX, a marker for DSB, we investigated the effect of the pharmacological modulation of NAD levels on DSB repair capacity in human dermal fibroblasts exposed to moderate doses of ionizing radiation (IR). We demonstrated that NAD boosting with nicotinamide riboside did not affect the efficiency of DSB elimination after the exposure of cells to IR at 1 Gy. Moreover, even after irradiation at 5 Gy, we did not observe any decrease in intracellular NAD content. We also showed that, when the NAD pool was almost completely depleted by inhibition of its biosynthesis from nicotinamide, cells were still able to eliminate IR-induced DSB, though the activation of ATM kinase, its colocalization with γH2AX and DSB repair capacity were reduced in comparison to cells with normal NAD levels. Our results suggest that NAD-dependent processes, such as protein deacetylation and ADP-ribosylation, are important but not indispensable for DSB repair induced by moderate doses of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Svetlova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (L.S.); (A.K.)
| | | | | | - Andrey Nikiforov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (L.S.); (A.K.)
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18
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Wei SJ, Yang IH, Mohiuddin IS, Kshirsagar GJ, Nguyen TH, Trasti S, Maurer BJ, Kang MH. DNA-PKcs as an upstream mediator of OCT4-induced MYC activation in small cell lung cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194939. [PMID: 37116859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a neuroendocrine tumor noted for the rapid development of both metastases and resistance to chemotherapy. High mutation burden, ubiquitous loss of TP53 and RB1, and a mutually exclusive amplification of MYC gene family members contribute to genomic instability and make the development of new targeted agents a challenge. Previously, we reported a novel OCT4-induced MYC transcriptional activation pathway involving c-MYC, pOCT4S111, and MAPKAPK2 in progressive neuroblastoma, also a neuroendocrine tumor. Using tumor microarray analysis of clinical samples and preclinical models, we now report a correlation in expression between these proteins in SCLC. In correlating c-MYC protein expression with genomic amplification, we determined that some SCLC cell lines exhibited high c-MYC without genomic amplification, implying amplification-independent MYC activation. We then confirmed direct interaction between OCT4 and DNA-PKcs and identified specific OCT4 and DNA-PKcs binding sites. Knock-down of both POU5F1 (encoding OCT4) and PRKDC (encoding DNA-PKcs) resulted in decreased c-MYC expression. Further, we confirmed binding of OCT4 to the promoter/enhancer region of MYC. Together, these data establish the presence of a DNA-PKcs/OCT4/c-MYC pathway in SCLCs. We then disruptively targeted this pathway and demonstrated anticancer activity in SCLC cell lines and xenografts using both DNA-PKcs inhibitors and a protein-protein interaction inhibitor of DNA-PKcs and OCT4. In conclusion, we demonstrate here that DNA-PKcs can mediate high c-MYC expression in SCLCs, and that this pathway may represent a new therapeutic target for SCLCs with high c-MYC expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jen Wei
- Cancer Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - In-Hyoung Yang
- Cancer Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Ismail S Mohiuddin
- Cancer Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Ganesh J Kshirsagar
- Cancer Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Thinh H Nguyen
- Cancer Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Scott Trasti
- Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Barry J Maurer
- Cancer Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Min H Kang
- Cancer Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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19
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Du G, Yang R, Qiu J, Xia J. Multifaceted Influence of Histone Deacetylases on DNA Damage Repair: Implications for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:231-243. [PMID: 36406320 PMCID: PMC9647118 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, but its pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Nevertheless, genomic instability has been recognized as one of the facilitating characteristics of cancer hallmarks that expedites the acquisition of genetic diversity. Genomic instability is associated with a greater tendency to accumulate DNA damage and tumor-specific DNA repair defects, which gives rise to gene mutations and chromosomal damage and causes oncogenic transformation and tumor progression. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been shown to impair a variety of cellular processes of genome stability, including the regulation of DNA damage and repair, reactive oxygen species generation and elimination, and progression to mitosis. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of HDAC in the different aspects of DNA repair and genome instability in HCC as well as the current progress on the development of HDAC-specific inhibitors as new cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruizhe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianguo Qiu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Correspondence to: Jie Xia, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, No. 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4574-9376. Tel/Fax: +86-23-68486780, E-mail: ; Jianguo Qiu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 You Yi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4574-9376. Tel: +86-23-68486780, Fax: +86-23-89011016, E-mail:
| | - Jie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Correspondence to: Jie Xia, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, No. 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4574-9376. Tel/Fax: +86-23-68486780, E-mail: ; Jianguo Qiu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 You Yi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4574-9376. Tel: +86-23-68486780, Fax: +86-23-89011016, E-mail:
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20
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Yang JH, Hayano M, Griffin PT, Amorim JA, Bonkowski MS, Apostolides JK, Salfati EL, Blanchette M, Munding EM, Bhakta M, Chew YC, Guo W, Yang X, Maybury-Lewis S, Tian X, Ross JM, Coppotelli G, Meer MV, Rogers-Hammond R, Vera DL, Lu YR, Pippin JW, Creswell ML, Dou Z, Xu C, Mitchell SJ, Das A, O'Connell BL, Thakur S, Kane AE, Su Q, Mohri Y, Nishimura EK, Schaevitz L, Garg N, Balta AM, Rego MA, Gregory-Ksander M, Jakobs TC, Zhong L, Wakimoto H, El Andari J, Grimm D, Mostoslavsky R, Wagers AJ, Tsubota K, Bonasera SJ, Palmeira CM, Seidman JG, Seidman CE, Wolf NS, Kreiling JA, Sedivy JM, Murphy GF, Green RE, Garcia BA, Berger SL, Oberdoerffer P, Shankland SJ, Gladyshev VN, Ksander BR, Pfenning AR, Rajman LA, Sinclair DA. Loss of epigenetic information as a cause of mammalian aging. Cell 2023; 186:305-326.e27. [PMID: 36638792 PMCID: PMC10166133 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 199.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
All living things experience an increase in entropy, manifested as a loss of genetic and epigenetic information. In yeast, epigenetic information is lost over time due to the relocalization of chromatin-modifying proteins to DNA breaks, causing cells to lose their identity, a hallmark of yeast aging. Using a system called "ICE" (inducible changes to the epigenome), we find that the act of faithful DNA repair advances aging at physiological, cognitive, and molecular levels, including erosion of the epigenetic landscape, cellular exdifferentiation, senescence, and advancement of the DNA methylation clock, which can be reversed by OSK-mediated rejuvenation. These data are consistent with the information theory of aging, which states that a loss of epigenetic information is a reversible cause of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyun Yang
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Motoshi Hayano
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Patrick T Griffin
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - João A Amorim
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA; IIIUC-Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Michael S Bonkowski
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - John K Apostolides
- Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elias L Salfati
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Mital Bhakta
- Cantata/Dovetail Genomics, Scotts Valley, CA, USA
| | | | - Wei Guo
- Zymo Research Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Sun Maybury-Lewis
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiao Tian
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jaime M Ross
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Coppotelli
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margarita V Meer
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, HMS, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Rogers-Hammond
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel L Vera
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuancheng Ryan Lu
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael L Creswell
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zhixun Dou
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Caiyue Xu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Abhirup Das
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Sachin Thakur
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice E Kane
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiao Su
- Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yasuaki Mohri
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi K Nishimura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Neha Garg
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana-Maria Balta
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meghan A Rego
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Tatjana C Jakobs
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, HMS, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lei Zhong
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, HMS, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jihad El Andari
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Section Viral Vector Technologies, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, BioQuant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Grimm
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Section Viral Vector Technologies, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, BioQuant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, HMS, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy J Wagers
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephen J Bonasera
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Durham Research Center II, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | - Norman S Wolf
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jill A Kreiling
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John M Sedivy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - George F Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard E Green
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shelley L Berger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, HMS, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce R Ksander
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, HMS, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas R Pfenning
- Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Luis A Rajman
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA.
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21
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Guo Z, Li P, Ge J, Li H. SIRT6 in Aging, Metabolism, Inflammation and Cardiovascular Diseases. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1787-1822. [PMID: 36465178 PMCID: PMC9662279 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important NAD+-dependent enzyme, SIRT6 has received significant attention since its discovery. In view of observations that SIRT6-deficient animals exhibit genomic instability and metabolic disorders and undergo early death, SIRT6 has long been considered a protein of longevity. Recently, growing evidence has demonstrated that SIRT6 functions as a deacetylase, mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase and long fatty deacylase and participates in a variety of cellular signaling pathways from DNA damage repair in the early stage to disease progression. In this review, we elaborate on the specific substrates and molecular mechanisms of SIRT6 in various physiological and pathological processes in detail, emphasizing its links to aging (genomic damage, telomere integrity, DNA repair), metabolism (glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, insulin secretion and lipid synthesis, lipolysis, thermogenesis), inflammation and cardiovascular diseases (atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, ischemia-reperfusion injury). In addition, the most recent advances regarding SIRT6 modulators (agonists and inhibitors) as potential therapeutic agents for SIRT6-mediated diseases are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Li J, Cao Y, Niu K, Qiu J, Wang H, You Y, Li D, Luo Y, Zhu Z, Zhang Y, Liu N. Quantitative acetylomics reveals dynamics of protein lysine acetylation in mouse livers during aging and upon the treatment of nicotinamide mononucleotide. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100276. [PMID: 35931320 PMCID: PMC9436820 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is a reversible and dynamic post-translational modification that play vital roles in regulating multiple cellular processes including aging. However, acetylome-wide analysis in the aging process remains poorly studied in mammalian tissues. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a hub metabolite, benefits healthspan at least in part due to the activation of Sirtuins, a family of NAD+-consuming deacetylases, indicating changes in acetylome. Here, we combine two antibodies for the enrichment of acetylated peptides and perform label-free quantitative acetylomic analysis of mouse livers during natural aging and upon the treatment of beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a NAD+ booster. Our study describes previously unknown acetylation sites and reveals the acetylome-wide dynamics with age as well as upon the treatment of NMN. We discover protein acetylation events as potential aging biomarkers. We demonstrate that the life-beneficial effect of NMN could be partially reflected by the changes in age-related protein acetylation. Our quantitative assessment indicates that NMN has mild effects on acetylation sites previously reported as substrates of Sirtuins. Collectively, our data analyzes protein acetylation with age, laying critical foundation for the functional study of protein post-translational modification essential for healthy aging and perhaps disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ye Cao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kongyan Niu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiaqian Qiu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Han Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingnan You
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dean Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Abiochem Biotechnology, 1299 Zi Yue Rd., Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhengjiang Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yaoyang Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Nan Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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23
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Beegum F, P V A, George KT, K P D, Begum F, Krishnadas N, Shenoy RR. Sirtuins as therapeutic targets for improving delayed wound healing in diabetes. J Drug Target 2022; 30:911-926. [PMID: 35787722 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2085729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are a vast family of histone deacetylases, which are NAD+ dependent enzymes, consisting of seven members, namely SIRT 1, SIRT 6 and SIRT 7 located within the nucleus, SIRT 2 in the cytoplasm and SIRT 3, SIRT 4, and SIRT 5 in the mitochondria. They have vital roles in regulating various biological functions such as age-related metabolic disorders, inflammation, stress response, cardiovascular and neuronal functions. Delayed wound healing is one of the complication of diabetes, which can lead to lower limb amputation if not treated timely. SIRT 1, 3 and 6 are potent targets for diabetic wound healing. SIRT 1 deficiency reduces recruitment of fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils to wound site and delays wound healing; negatively expressing MMP-9. The SIRT 1 mediated signalling pathway in diabetic wound healing is the SIRT 1-foxo-C-Myc pathway. On the contrary SIRT 3 deficiency, impairs proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and SIRT 6 deficiency impairs wound closure rate and interrupts the vascular remodelling. This review focuses on the role of sirtuins in improving delayed wound healing in diabetes and its natural modulators with their specific functions towards healing diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathima Beegum
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Anuranjana P V
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Krupa Thankam George
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Divya K P
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Farmiza Begum
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Nandakumar Krishnadas
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha R Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
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24
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Wagner S, Manickam R, Brotto M, Tipparaju SM. NAD + centric mechanisms and molecular determinants of skeletal muscle disease and aging. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1829-1848. [PMID: 35334034 PMCID: PMC10065019 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential redox cofactor, involved in various physiological and molecular processes, including energy metabolism, epigenetics, aging, and metabolic diseases. NAD+ repletion ameliorates muscular dystrophy and improves the mitochondrial and muscle stem cell function and thereby increase lifespan in mice. Accordingly, NAD+ is considered as an anti-oxidant and anti-aging molecule. NAD+ plays a central role in energy metabolism and the energy produced is used for movements, thermoregulation, and defense against foreign bodies. The dietary precursors of NAD+ synthesis is targeted to improve NAD+ biosynthesis; however, studies have revealed conflicting results regarding skeletal muscle-specific effects. Recent advances in the activation of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase in the NAD+ salvage pathway and supplementation of NAD+ precursors have led to beneficial effects in skeletal muscle pathophysiology and function during aging and associated metabolic diseases. NAD+ is also involved in the epigenetic regulation and post-translational modifications of proteins that are involved in various cellular processes to maintain tissue homeostasis. This review provides detailed insights into the roles of NAD+ along with molecular mechanisms during aging and disease conditions, such as the impacts of age-related NAD+ deficiencies on NAD+-dependent enzymes, including poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARPs), CD38, and sirtuins within skeletal muscle, and the most recent studies on the potential of nutritional supplementation and distinct modes of exercise to replenish the NAD+ pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Wagner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USF Health Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 030, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Ravikumar Manickam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USF Health Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 030, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Marco Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas-Arlington (UTA), Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Srinivas M Tipparaju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USF Health Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 030, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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25
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Yang Y, Zhu M, Liang J, Wang H, Sun D, Li H, Chen L. SIRT6 mediates multidimensional modulation to maintain organism homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3205-3221. [PMID: 35621134 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As a member of the silent information regulators (sirtuins) family, SIRT6 can regulate a variety of biological processes, including DNA repair, glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and lifespan, and so forth. SIRT6 maintains organism homeostasis in a variety of phenotypes by mediating epigenetic regulation and posttranslational modification of functional proteins. In this review, we outline the structural basis of SIRT6 enzyme activity and its mechanism of maintaining organism homeostasis in a variety of phenotypes, with an emphasis on the upstream that regulates SIRT6 expression and the downstream substrates. And how SIRT6 achieves multidimensional coordination to maintain organism homeostasis and even extend lifespan. We try to understand the regulatory mechanism of SIRT6 in different phenotypes from the perspective of protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Man Zhu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dejuan Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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26
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Epigenetic Modifications and Non-Coding RNA in Diabetes-Mellitus-Induced Coronary Artery Disease: Pathophysiological Link and New Therapeutic Frontiers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094589. [PMID: 35562979 PMCID: PMC9105558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a glucose metabolism disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from a deficit of insulin production and/or action. DM affects more than 1 in 10 adults, and it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for two thirds of the overall deaths in diabetic patients, with coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic cardiomyopathy as the main contributors. Hyperglycemic damage on vascular endothelial cells leading to endothelial dysfunction represents the main initiating factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications; however, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are still not entirely understood. This review addresses the current knowledge on the pathophysiological links between DM and CAD with a focus on the role of epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and noncoding RNA control. Increased knowledge of epigenetic mechanisms has contributed to the development of new pharmacological treatments (“epidrugs”) with epigenetic targets, although these approaches present several challenges. Specific epigenetic biomarkers may also be used to predict or detect the development and progression of diabetes complications. Further studies on diabetes and CAD epigenetics are needed in order to identify possible new therapeutic targets and advance personalized medicine with the prediction of individual drug responses and minimization of adverse effects.
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Wang B, Xia L, Zhu D, Zeng H, Wei B, Lu L, Li W, Shi Y, Liu J, Zhang Y, Sun M. Paternal High-Fat Diet Altered Sperm 5'tsRNA-Gly-GCC Is Associated With Enhanced Gluconeogenesis in the Offspring. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:857875. [PMID: 35480893 PMCID: PMC9035875 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.857875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Paternal lifestyle, stress and environmental exposures play a crucial role in the health of offspring and are associated with non-genetic inheritance of acquired traits, however the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we aimed to find out how the sperm tsRNA involved in paternal high-fat diet induced abnormal gluconeogenesis of F1 offspring, and explore the underlying molecular mechanism of its regulation. Method: We generated a paternal high fat diet (42% kcal fat) model to investigate the mechanism by which paternal diet affects offspring metabolism. Four-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were randomly assigned into two groups to receive either a control diet (CD; 10% kcal fat) or a high-fat (HFD; 42% kcal fat) diet for 10 weeks, and mice from each group were then mated with 8-week-old females with control diet in a 1:2 ratio to generate F1. F0 sperms were isolated and small RNAs was sequenced by high-throughput sequencing. Metabolic phenotypes were examined with both F0 and F1. Results: A significant increase in body weight was observed with HFD-F0 mice at 8 weeks of age as compared to CD mice at the same age. F0 mice showed impaired glucose tolerance (GTT), resistance to insulin tolerance (ITT) and increased pyruvate tolerance (PTT) at 14 weeks. HFD-F1 male mice showed no significant difference in body weight. An increase in PTT was found at 13 weeks of age and no significant changes in GTT and ITT. PEPCK and G6Pase that related to gluconeogenesis increased significantly in the liver of HFD-F1 male mice. Sperm sequencing results showed that 5′tsRNA-Gly-GCC derived from tRNA-Gly-GCC-2 specifically was remarkably upregulated in sperm of HFD F0 mice. Q-PCR further showed that this tsRNA was also increased in the liver of HFD-F1 comparison with CD-F1 mice. In addition, we found that 5′tsRNA-Gly-GCC can regulate Sirt6-FoxO1 pathway and be involved in the gluconeogenesis pathway in liver. Conclusion: 5′tsRNA-Gly-GCC that increased in HFD mice mature sperms can promote gluconeogenesis in liver by regulating Sirt6-FoxO1 pathway, which might represent a potential paternal epigenetic factor mediating the intergenerational inheritance of diet-induced metabolic alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Medical Center of Hematology, The Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Hongtao Zeng
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Likui Lu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Weisheng Li
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Jingliu Liu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Yunfang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yunfang Zhang, ; Miao Sun,
| | - Miao Sun
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
- *Correspondence: Yunfang Zhang, ; Miao Sun,
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28
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Afzaal A, Rehman K, Kamal S, Akash MSH. Versatile role of sirtuins in metabolic disorders: From modulation of mitochondrial function to therapeutic interventions. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23047. [PMID: 35297126 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are distinct histone deacetylases (HDACs) whose activity is determined by cellular metabolic status andnicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) levels. HDACs of class III are the members of the SIRT's protein family. SIRTs are the enzymes that modulate mitochondrial activity and energy metabolism. SIRTs have been linked to a number of clinical and physiological operations, such as energy responses to low-calorie availability, aging, stress resistance, inflammation, and apoptosis. Mammalian SIRT2 orthologs have been identified as SIRT1-7 that are found in several subcellular sections, including the cytoplasm (SIRT1, 2), mitochondrial matrix (SIRT3, 4, 5), and the core (SIRT1, 2, 6, 7). For their deacetylase or ADP-ribosyl transferase action, all SIRTs require NAD+ and are linked to cellular energy levels. Evolutionarily, SIRT1 is related to yeast's SIRT2 as well as received primary attention in the circulatory system. An endogenous protein, SIRT1 is involved in the development of heart failure and plays a key role in cell death and survival. SIRT2 downregulation protects against ischemic-reperfusion damage. Increase in human longevity is caused by an increase in SIRT3 expression. Cardiomyocytes are also protected by SIRT3 from oxidative damage and aging, as well as suppressing cardiac hypertrophy. SIRT4 and SIRT5 perform their roles in the heart. SIRT6 has also been linked to a reduction in heart hypertrophy. SIRT7 is known to be involved in the regulation of stress responses and apoptosis in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Afzaal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Pandita TK, Hunt CR, Singh V, Adhikary S, Pandita S, Roy S, Ramos K, Das C. Role of the Histone Acetyl Transferase MOF and the Histone Deacetylase Sirtuins in Regulation of H4K16ac During DNA Damage Repair and Metabolic Programming: Implications in Cancer and Aging. Subcell Biochem 2022; 100:115-141. [PMID: 36301493 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07634-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The accurate repair of genomic damage mediated by ionizing radiation (IR), chemo- or radiomimetic drugs, or other exogenous agents, is necessary for maintenance of genome integrity, preservation of cellular viability and prevention of oncogenic transformation. Eukaryotes have conserved mechanisms designed to perceive and repair the damaged DNA quite efficiently. Among the different types of DNA damage, double strand breaks (DSB) are the most detrimental. The cellular DNA DSB response is a hierarchical signaling network that integrates damage sensing and repair with chromatin structural changes that involve a range of pre-existing and induced covalent modifications. Recent studies have revealed that pre-existing histone modifications are important contributors within this signaling/repair network. This chapter discusses the role of a critical histone acetyl transferase (HAT) known as MOF (males absent on the first) and the histone deacetylases (HDACs) Sirtuins on histone H4K16 acetylation (H4K16ac) and DNA damage repair. We also discuss the role of this important histone modification in light of metabolic rewiring and its role in regulating human pathophysiologic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tej K Pandita
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Clayton R Hunt
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vipin Singh
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Santanu Adhikary
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Shruti Pandita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Cellular Therapy, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Siddhartha Roy
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Kenneth Ramos
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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30
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Korotkov A, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V. Sirtuin 6: linking longevity with genome and epigenome stability. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:994-1006. [PMID: 34281779 PMCID: PMC8903056 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) has been in the spotlight of aging research because progeroid phenotypes are associated with SIRT6 deficiency. SIRT6 has multiple molecular functions, including DNA repair and heterochromatin regulation, which position SIRT6 as a hub that regulates genome and epigenome stability. Genomic instability caused by persistent DNA damage and accumulating mutations, together with alterations in the epigenetic landscape and derepression of repetitive genetic elements, have emerged as mechanisms driving organismal aging. Enhanced levels of SIRT6 expression or activity provide avenues for rejuvenation strategies. This review focuses on the role of SIRT6 in the maintenance of genome and epigenome stability and its link to longevity. We propose a model where SIRT6 together with lamins control aging and rejuvenation by maintaining epigenetic silencing of repetitive elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Korotkov
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA,Correspondence: or
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA,Correspondence: or
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31
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Moriel-Carretero M. The Many Faces of Lipids in Genome Stability (and How to Unmask Them). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12930. [PMID: 34884734 PMCID: PMC8657548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep efforts have been devoted to studying the fundamental mechanisms ruling genome integrity preservation. A strong focus relies on our comprehension of nucleic acid and protein interactions. Comparatively, our exploration of whether lipids contribute to genome homeostasis and, if they do, how, is severely underdeveloped. This disequilibrium may be understood in historical terms, but also relates to the difficulty of applying classical lipid-related techniques to a territory such as a nucleus. The limited research in this domain translates into scarce and rarely gathered information, which with time further discourages new initiatives. In this review, the ways lipids have been demonstrated to, or very likely do, impact nuclear transactions, in general, and genome homeostasis, in particular, are explored. Moreover, a succinct yet exhaustive battery of available techniques is proposed to tackle the study of this topic while keeping in mind the feasibility and habits of "nucleus-centered" researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Moriel-Carretero
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France
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32
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Zhang J, Lu X, MoghaddamKohi S, Shi L, Xu X, Zhu WG. Histone lysine modifying enzymes and their critical roles in DNA double-strand break repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 107:103206. [PMID: 34411909 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cells protect the integrity of the genome against DNA double-strand breaks through several well-characterized mechanisms including nonhomologous end-joining repair, homologous recombination repair, microhomology-mediated end-joining and single-strand annealing. However, aberrant DNA damage responses (DDRs) lead to genome instability and tumorigenesis. Clarification of the mechanisms underlying the DDR following lethal damage will facilitate the identification of therapeutic targets for cancer. Histones are small proteins that play a major role in condensing DNA into chromatin and regulating gene function. Histone modifications commonly occur in several residues including lysine, arginine, serine, threonine and tyrosine, which can be acetylated, methylated, ubiquitinated and phosphorylated. Of these, lysine modifications have been extensively explored during DDRs. Here, we focus on discussing the roles of lysine modifying enzymes involved in acetylation, methylation, and ubiquitination during the DDR. We provide a comprehensive understanding of the basis of potential epigenetic therapies driven by histone lysine modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaopeng Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sara MoghaddamKohi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Xingzhi Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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33
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Shankland SJ, Wang Y, Shaw AS, Vaughan JC, Pippin JW, Wessely O. Podocyte Aging: Why and How Getting Old Matters. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:2697-2713. [PMID: 34716239 PMCID: PMC8806106 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021050614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of healthy aging on the kidney, and how these effects intersect with superimposed diseases, are highly relevant in the context of the population's increasing longevity. Age-associated changes to podocytes, which are terminally differentiated glomerular epithelial cells, adversely affect kidney health. This review discusses the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying podocyte aging, how these mechanisms might be augmented by disease in the aged kidney, and approaches to mitigate progressive damage to podocytes. Furthermore, we address how biologic pathways such as those associated with cellular growth confound aging in humans and rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J. Shankland
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Andrey S. Shaw
- Department of Research Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Joshua C. Vaughan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jeffrey W. Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Oliver Wessely
- Lerner Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
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34
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Garcia-Venzor A, Toiber D. SIRT6 Through the Brain Evolution, Development, and Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:747989. [PMID: 34720996 PMCID: PMC8548377 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.747989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During an organism's lifespan, two main phenomena are critical for the organism's survival. These are (1) a proper embryonic development, which permits the new organism to function with high fitness, grow and reproduce, and (2) the aging process, which will progressively undermine its competence and fitness for survival, leading to its death. Interestingly these processes present various similarities at the molecular level. Notably, as organisms became more complex, regulation of these processes became coordinated by the brain, and failure in brain activity is detrimental in both development and aging. One of the critical processes regulating brain health is the capacity to keep its genomic integrity and epigenetic regulation-deficiency in DNA repair results in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. As the brain becomes more complex, this effect becomes more evident. In this perspective, we will analyze how the brain evolved and became critical for human survival and the role Sirt6 plays in brain health. Sirt6 belongs to the Sirtuin family of histone deacetylases that control several cellular processes; among them, Sirt6 has been associated with the proper embryonic development and is associated with the aging process. In humans, Sirt6 has a pivotal role during brain aging, and its loss of function is correlated with the appearance of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. However, Sirt6 roles during brain development and aging, especially the last one, are not observed in all species. It appears that during the brain organ evolution, Sirt6 has gained more relevance as the brain becomes bigger and more complex, observing the most detrimental effect in the brains of Homo sapiens. In this perspective, we part from the evolution of the brain in metazoans, the biological similarities between brain development and aging, and the relevant functions of Sirt6 in these similar phenomena to conclude with the evidence suggesting a more relevant role of Sirt6 gained in the brain evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Garcia-Venzor
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Debra Toiber
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Poltronieri P, Miwa M, Masutani M. ADP-Ribosylation as Post-Translational Modification of Proteins: Use of Inhibitors in Cancer Control. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10829. [PMID: 34639169 PMCID: PMC8509805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the post-translational modifications of proteins, ADP-ribosylation has been studied for over fifty years, and a large set of functions, including DNA repair, transcription, and cell signaling, have been assigned to this post-translational modification (PTM). This review presents an update on the function of a large set of enzyme writers, the readers that are recruited by the modified targets, and the erasers that reverse the modification to the original amino acid residue, removing the covalent bonds formed. In particular, the review provides details on the involvement of the enzymes performing monoADP-ribosylation/polyADP-ribosylation (MAR/PAR) cycling in cancers. Of note, there is potential for the application of the inhibitors developed for cancer also in the therapy of non-oncological diseases such as the protection against oxidative stress, the suppression of inflammatory responses, and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. This field of studies is not concluded, since novel enzymes are being discovered at a rapid pace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmiro Poltronieri
- Institute of Sciences of Food Productions, National Research Council of Italy, CNR-ISPA, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Masanao Miwa
- Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama 526-0829, Japan;
| | - Mitsuko Masutani
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, CBMM, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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Targeting the Interplay between HDACs and DNA Damage Repair for Myeloma Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910406. [PMID: 34638744 PMCID: PMC8508842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of terminally differentiated plasma cells, and accounts for 10% of all hematologic malignancies and 1% of all cancers. MM is characterized by genomic instability which results from DNA damage with certain genomic rearrangements being prognostic factors for the disease and patients’ clinical response. Following genotoxic stress, the evolutionary conserved DNA damage response (DDR) is activated and, in turn, coordinates DNA repair with cell-cycle events. However, the process of carcinogenesis cannot be attributed only to the genetic alterations, but also involves epigenetic processes. Regulation of expression and activity of key players in DNA repair and checkpoint proteins are essential and mediated partly by posttranslational modifications (PTM), such as acetylation. Crosstalk between different PTMs is important for regulation of DNA repair pathways. Acetylation, which is mediated by acetyltransferases (HAT) and histone deacetylases (HDAC), not only affects gene expression through its modulation of histone tails but also has recently been implicated in regulating non-histone proteins. Currently, several HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have been developed both in pre-clinical and clinical studies, with some of them exhibiting significant anti-MM activities. Due to reversibility of epigenetic changes during the evolutionary process of myeloma genesis, the potency of epigenetic therapies seems to be of great importance. The aim of the present paper is the summary of all data on the role of HDACi in DDR, the interference with each DNA repair mechanism and the therapeutic implications of HDACi in MM.
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Fan Y, Cheng J, Yang Q, Feng J, Hu J, Ren Z, Yang H, Yang D, Ding G. Sirt6-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 activation alleviates angiotensin II-induced DNA DSBs and apoptosis in podocytes. Food Funct 2021; 12:7867-7882. [PMID: 34240732 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03467c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggested that DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) were associated with the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The purpose of this investigation was to determine the role of Sirtuin6 (Sirt6), a histone deacetylase related to DNA damage repair, in angiotensin (Ang) II-induced DNA DSBs and the cell injury of podocytes and explore the possible mechanism. Here we showed that an increase of DNA DSBs was accompanied by a reduction in Sirt6 expression in the glomeruli of patients with hypertensive nephropathy (HN). Similar results were found in rat kidneys infused with Ang II and in cultured podocytes stimulated with Ang II. Sirt6 overexpression inhibited Ang II-induced ROS generation and DNA DSBs, and thus served as a protection against Ang II-induced apoptosis in podocytes. Moreover, Sirt6 activation enhanced Nrf2 and HO-1 gene expressions in podocytes after Ang II treatment. Furthermore, Nrf2 knockdown could partly reverse the cytoprotective effects of Sirt6 activation. In conclusion, our observations demonstrated that the Sirt6-Nrf2-HO-1 pathway played a vital role in relieving Ang II-mediated oxidative DNA damage and podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Fan
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Abstract
![]()
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6)
is an NAD+-dependent protein deacylase
and mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase of the sirtuin family with a wide
substrate specificity. In vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that SIRT6 overexpression or activation has
beneficial effects for cellular processes such as DNA repair, metabolic
regulation, and aging. On the other hand, SIRT6 has contrasting roles
in cancer, acting either as a tumor suppressor or promoter in a context-specific
manner. Given its central role in cellular homeostasis, SIRT6 has
emerged as a promising target for the development of small-molecule
activators and inhibitors possessing a therapeutic potential in diseases
ranging from cancer to age-related disorders. Moreover, specific modulators
allow the molecular details of SIRT6 activity to be scrutinized and
further validate the enzyme as a pharmacological target. In this Perspective,
we summarize the current knowledge about SIRT6 pharmacology and medicinal
chemistry and describe the features of the activators and inhibitors
identified so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fiorentino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry & Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry & Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Kratz EM, Sołkiewicz K, Kaczmarek A, Piwowar A. Sirtuins: Enzymes with multidirectional catalytic activity. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.7866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT) are NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases that play an important role in the
functioning of the human body. They participate in numerous processes taking place in cells,
including in the post-translational modification of proteins, silencing gene transcription,
inducing repair processes, as well as in the regulation of metabolic processes. Sirtuins have
also been shown to play an important role in reducing the level of reactive oxygen species
as well as in stimulating cell growth, aging and death. Such a wide range of processes, which
are affected by sirtuins, have recently made sirtuins the object of many studies aimed at
a detailed understanding of the mechanisms of their action and the role they play.
The aim of our study was to collect and systematize information on sirtuins, mainly from
the last 10 years, both regarding the human body and based on the results of research on
animal models or cell lines. The article discusses the structure, function and biological role
of sirtuins in cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Maria Kratz
- Katedra Diagnostyki Laboratoryjnej, Zakład Diagnostyki Laboratoryjnej, Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Uniwersytet Medyczny we Wrocławiu
| | - Katarzyna Sołkiewicz
- Katedra Diagnostyki Laboratoryjnej, Zakład Diagnostyki Laboratoryjnej, Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Uniwersytet Medyczny we Wrocławiu
| | - Agnieszka Kaczmarek
- Katedra Diagnostyki Laboratoryjnej, Zakład Diagnostyki Laboratoryjnej, Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Uniwersytet Medyczny we Wrocławiu
| | - Agnieszka Piwowar
- Katedra i Zakład Toksykologii, Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Uniwersytet Medyczny we Wrocławiu
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Liu G, Chen H, Liu H, Zhang W, Zhou J. Emerging roles of SIRT6 in human diseases and its modulators. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:1089-1137. [PMID: 33325563 PMCID: PMC7906922 DOI: 10.1002/med.21753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The biological functions of sirtuin 6 (SIRT6; e.g., deacetylation, defatty-acylation, and mono-ADP-ribosylation) play a pivotal role in regulating lifespan and several fundamental processes controlling aging such as DNA repair, gene expression, and telomeric maintenance. Over the past decades, the aberration of SIRT6 has been extensively observed in diverse life-threatening human diseases. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the critical roles of SIRT6 in the onset and progression of human diseases including cancer, inflammation, diabetes, steatohepatitis, arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, viral infections, renal and corneal injuries, as well as the elucidation of the related signaling pathways. Moreover, we discuss the advances in the development of small molecule SIRT6 modulators including activators and inhibitors as well as their pharmacological profiles toward potential therapeutics for SIRT6-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Haiying Chen
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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41
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Lasigliè D. Sirtuins and the prevention of immunosenescence. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 115:221-264. [PMID: 33706950 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has been largely described as one underlying cause of senescence of the immune-hematopoietic system (immunosenescence). A set of well-defined hallmarks characterizes aged HSCs contributing to unbalanced hematopoiesis and aging-associated functional alterations of both branches of the immune system. In this chapter, the contribution of sirtuins, a family of conserved NAD+ dependent deacetylases with key roles in metabolism, genome integrity, aging and lifespan, to immunosenescence, will be addressed. In particular, the role of SIRT6 will be deeply analyzed highlighting a multifaceted part of this deacetylase in HSCs aging as well as in the immunosenescence of dendritic cells (DCs). These and other emerging data are currently paving the way for future design and development of rejuvenation means aiming at rescuing age-related changes in immune function in the elderly and combating age-associated hematopoietic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Lasigliè
- Istituto Comprensivo "Franco Marro", Ministero dell'Istruzione Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca (M.I.U.R), Villar Perosa, TO, Italy.
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Li Q, Cheng JC, Jiang Q, Lee WY. Role of sirtuins in bone biology: Potential implications for novel therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13301. [PMID: 33393735 PMCID: PMC7884050 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The decline in bone mass and bone strength and musculoskeletal problems associated with aging constitute a major challenge for affected individuals and the healthcare system globally. Sirtuins 1-7 (SIRT1-SIRT7) are a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylases with remarkable abilities to promote longevity and counteract age-related diseases. Sirtuin knockout and transgenic models have provided novel insights into the function and signaling of these proteins in bone homeostasis. Studies have revealed that sirtuins play a critical role in normal skeletal development and homeostasis through their direct action on bone cells and that their dysregulation might contribute to different bone diseases. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that mice treated with sirtuin agonists show protection against age-related, postmenopausal, and immobilization-induced osteoporosis. These findings suggest that sirtuins could be potential targets for the modulation of the imbalance in bone remodeling and treatment of osteoporosis and other bone disorders. The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive updated review of the current knowledge on sirtuin biology, focusing specifically on their roles in bone homeostasis and osteoporosis, and potential pharmacological interventions targeting sirtuins for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Li
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing UniversityThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Jack Chun‐yiu Cheng
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing UniversityThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive SurgeryDrum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wayne Yuk‐wai Lee
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing UniversityThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
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Becherini P, Caffa I, Piacente F, Damonte P, Vellone VG, Passalacqua M, Benzi A, Bonfiglio T, Reverberi D, Khalifa A, Ghanem M, Guijarro A, Tagliafico L, Sucameli M, Persia A, Monacelli F, Cea M, Bruzzone S, Ravera S, Nencioni A. SIRT6 enhances oxidative phosphorylation in breast cancer and promotes mammary tumorigenesis in mice. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:6. [PMID: 33482921 PMCID: PMC7821730 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase with key roles in cell metabolism. High SIRT6 expression is associated with adverse prognosis in breast cancer (BC) patients. However, the mechanisms through which SIRT6 exerts its pro-oncogenic effects in BC remain unclear. Here, we sought to define the role of SIRT6 in BC cell metabolism and in mouse polyoma middle T antigen (PyMT)-driven mammary tumors. METHODS We evaluated the effect of a heterozygous deletion of Sirt6 on tumor latency and survival of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-PyMT mice. The effect of SIRT6 silencing on human BC cell growth was assessed in MDA-MB-231 xenografts. We also analyzed the effect of Sirt6 heterozygous deletion, of SIRT6 silencing, and of the overexpression of either wild-type (WT) or catalytically inactive (H133Y) SIRT6 on BC cell pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) expression and activity and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), including respiratory complex activity, ATP/AMP ratio, AMPK activation, and intracellular calcium concentration. RESULTS The heterozygous Sirt6 deletion extended tumor latency and mouse survival in the MMTV-PyMT mouse BC model, while SIRT6 silencing slowed the growth of MDA-MB-231 BC cell xenografts. WT, but not catalytically inactive, SIRT6 enhanced PDH expression and activity, OXPHOS, and ATP/AMP ratio in MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 BC cells. Opposite effects were obtained by SIRT6 silencing, which also blunted the expression of genes encoding for respiratory chain proteins, such as UQCRFS1, COX5B, NDUFB8, and UQCRC2, and increased AMPK activation in BC cells. In addition, SIRT6 overexpression increased, while SIRT6 silencing reduced, intracellular calcium concentration in MDA-MB-231 cells. Consistent with these findings, the heterozygous Sirt6 deletion reduced the expression of OXPHOS-related genes, the activity of respiratory complexes, and the ATP/AMP ratio in tumors isolated from MMTV-PyMT mice. CONCLUSIONS Via its enzymatic activity, SIRT6 enhances PDH expression and activity, OXPHOS, ATP/AMP ratio, and intracellular calcium concentration, while reducing AMPK activation, in BC cells. Thus, overall, SIRT6 inhibition appears as a viable strategy for preventing or treating BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Becherini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Irene Caffa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacente
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 1, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Damonte
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valerio G Vellone
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Integrated, Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, L.go Rosanna Benzi 8, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Passalacqua
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 1, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Benzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 1, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bonfiglio
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniele Reverberi
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Amr Khalifa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Moustafa Ghanem
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ana Guijarro
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Tagliafico
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marzia Sucameli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Angelica Persia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Monacelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Cea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 1, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 1, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy. .,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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44
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Chen Y, Geng A, Zhang W, Qian Z, Wan X, Jiang Y, Mao Z. Fight to the bitter end: DNA repair and aging. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101154. [PMID: 32977059 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
DNA carries the genetic information that directs complex biological processes; thus, maintaining a stable genome is critical for individual growth and development and for human health. DNA repair is a fundamental and conserved mechanism responsible for mending damaged DNA and restoring genomic stability, while its deficiency is closely related to multiple human disorders. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in the field of DNA repair and aging. Here, we will extensively discuss the relationship among DNA damage, DNA repair, aging and aging-associated diseases based on the latest research. In addition, the possible role of DNA repair in several potential rejuvenation strategies will be discussed. Finally, we will also review the emerging methods that may facilitate future research on DNA repair.
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45
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Scisciola L, Rizzo MR, Marfella R, Cataldo V, Fontanella RA, Boccalone E, Paolisso G, Barbieri M. New insight in molecular mechanisms regulating SIRT6 expression in diabetes: Hyperglycaemia effects on SIRT6 DNA methylation. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:4604-4613. [PMID: 33251641 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Conflicting data are reported on the relationship between hyperglycaemia, diabetes and SIRT6 expression. To elucidate hyperglycaemia-induced molecular mechanisms regulating SIRT6 expression, the effect of hyperglycaemia on DNA methylation and SIRT6 expression has been evaluated in human aortic endothelial cells exposed to high glucose. DNA methylation of SIRT6 and any potential clinical implication was also evaluated in type 2 diabetic patients and compared with healthy controls. Endothelial cells exposed to high glucose showed lower methylation levels in SIRT6 promoter and increased SIRT6 and TET2 expression. The high glucose-induced epigenetic changes persisted after 48 h of glucose normalization. Diabetic patients showed lower levels of SIRT6 DNA methylation compared with nondiabetic patients. SIRT6 DNA methylation levels inversely correlated with plasma glucose. Our results firstly demonstrate the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in regulating SIRT6 expression. Further experiments are necessary to clarify metabolic memory mechanisms driving to diabetic complications and how SIRT6 is potentially involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Scisciola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria R Rizzo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cataldo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria A Fontanella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Eugenio Boccalone
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Michelangela Barbieri
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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46
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Aventaggiato M, Vernucci E, Barreca F, Russo MA, Tafani M. Sirtuins' control of autophagy and mitophagy in cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 221:107748. [PMID: 33245993 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cells use a specialized and complex machinery for the removal of altered proteins or dysfunctional organelles. Such machinery is part of a mechanism called autophagy. Moreover, when autophagy is specifically employed for the removal of dysfunctional mitochondria, it is called mitophagy. Autophagy and mitophagy have important physiological implications and roles associated with cellular differentiation, resistance to stresses such as starvation, metabolic control and adaptation to the changing microenvironment. Unfortunately, transformed cancer cells often exploit autophagy and mitophagy for sustaining their metabolic reprogramming and growth to a point that autophagy and mitophagy are recognized as promising targets for ongoing and future antitumoral therapies. Sirtuins are NAD+ dependent deacylases with a fundamental role in sensing and modulating cellular response to external stresses such as nutrients availability and therefore involved in aging, oxidative stress control, inflammation, differentiation and cancer. It is clear, therefore, that autophagy, mitophagy and sirtuins share many common aspects to a point that, recently, sirtuins have been linked to the control of autophagy and mitophagy. In the context of cancer, such a control is obtained by modulating transcription of autophagy and mitophagy genes, by post translational modification of proteins belonging to the autophagy and mitophagy machinery, by controlling ROS production or major metabolic pathways such as Krebs cycle or glutamine metabolism. The present review details current knowledge on the role of sirtuins, autophagy and mitophagy in cancer to then proceed to discuss how sirtuins can control autophagy and mitophagy in cancer cells. Finally, we discuss sirtuins role in the context of tumor progression and metastasis indicating glutamine metabolism as an example of how a concerted activation and/or inhibition of sirtuins in cancer cells can control autophagy and mitophagy by impinging on the metabolism of this fundamental amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Aventaggiato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Enza Vernucci
- Department of Internistic, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Clinical Sciences, Italy; MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University, Via val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Barreca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo A Russo
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University, Via val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele, Via val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tafani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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47
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Chrysophanol Alleviates Metabolic Syndrome by Activating the SIRT6/AMPK Signaling Pathway in Brown Adipocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7374086. [PMID: 33274005 PMCID: PMC7683138 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7374086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chrysophanol, a primary active ingredient of Cassia mimosoides Linn or Rhei radix et rhizoma, has various pharmacological properties, including anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory, as well as blood lipid regulation. However, whether chrysophanol can mitigate obesity, and its underlying mechanisms remains unclear. This study investigated whether chrysophanol effects energy metabolism in high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obese mice and fat-specific Sirtuin 6- (SIRT6-) knockout (FKO) mice, targeting the SIRT6/AMPK signaling pathway in brown and white fat tissue. Our results showed that chrysophanol can effectively inhibit lipid accumulation in vitro and reduce mice's body weight, improve insulin sensitivity and reduced fat content of mice, and induce energy consumption in HFD-induced obese mice by activating the SIRT6/AMPK pathway. However, a treatment with OSS-128167, an SIRT6 inhibitor, or si-SIRT6, SIRT6 target specific small interfering RNA, in vitro blocked chrysophanol inhibition of lipid accumulation. Similar results were obtained when blocking the AMPK pathway. Moreover, in the HFD-induced obese model with SIRT6 FKO mice, histological analysis and genetic test results showed that chrysophanol treatment did not reduce lipid droplets and upregulated the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. Rather, it upregulated the expression of thermogenic genes and activated white fat breakdown by inducing phosphorylation of adenosine 5′-monophosphate- (AMP-) activated protein kinase (AMPK), both in vitro and in vivo. OSS-128167 or si-SIRT6 blocked chrysophanol's upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (Pgc-1α) and Ucp1 expression. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that chrysophanol can activate brown fat through the SIRT6/AMPK pathway and increase energy consumption, insulin sensitivity, and heat production, thereby alleviating obesity and metabolic disorders.
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48
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Liu WH, Zheng J, Feldman JL, Klein MA, Kuznetsov VI, Peterson CL, Griffin PR, Denu JM. Multivalent interactions drive nucleosome binding and efficient chromatin deacetylation by SIRT6. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5244. [PMID: 33067423 PMCID: PMC7568541 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein deacetylase SIRT6 maintains cellular homeostasis through multiple pathways that include the deacetylation of histone H3 and repression of transcription. Prior work suggests that SIRT6 is associated with chromatin and can substantially reduce global levels of H3 acetylation, but how SIRT6 is able to accomplish this feat is unknown. Here, we describe an exquisitely tight interaction between SIRT6 and nucleosome core particles, in which a 2:1 enzyme:nucleosome complex assembles via asymmetric binding with distinct affinities. While both SIRT6 molecules associate with the acidic patch on the nucleosome, we find that the intrinsically disordered SIRT6 C-terminus promotes binding at the higher affinity site through recognition of nucleosomal DNA. Together, multivalent interactions couple productive binding to efficient deacetylation of histones on endogenous chromatin. Unique among histone deacetylases, SIRT6 possesses the intrinsic capacity to tightly interact with nucleosomes for efficient activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallace H Liu
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Jessica L Feldman
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Mark A Klein
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Vyacheslav I Kuznetsov
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Craig L Peterson
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Patrick R Griffin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - John M Denu
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.
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49
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An ordered assembly of MYH glycosylase, SIRT6 protein deacetylase, and Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 checkpoint clamp at oxidatively damaged telomeres. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:17761-17785. [PMID: 32991318 PMCID: PMC7585086 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the base excision repair pathway, MYH/MUTYH DNA glycosylase prevents mutations by removing adenine mispaired with 8-oxoG, a frequent oxidative lesion. MYH glycosylase activity is enhanced by Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 (9-1-1) checkpoint clamp and SIRT6 histone/protein deacetylase. Here, we show that MYH, SIRT6, and 9-1-1 are recruited to confined oxidatively damaged regions on telomeres in mammalian cells. Using different knockout cells, we show that SIRT6 responds to damaged telomeres very early, and then recruits MYH and Hus1 following oxidative stress. However, the recruitment of Hus1 to damaged telomeres is partially dependent on SIRT6. The catalytic activities of SIRT6 are not important for SIRT6 response but are essential for MYH recruitment to damaged telomeres. Compared to wild-type MYH, the recruitment of hMYHV315A mutant (defective in both SIRT6 and Hus1 interactions), but not hMYHQ324H mutant (defective in Hus1 interaction only), to damaged telomeres is severely reduced. The formation of MYH/SIRT6/9-1-1 complex is of biological significance as interrupting their interactions can increase cell's sensitivity to H2O2 and/or elevate cellular 8-oxoG levels after H2O2 treatment. Our results establish that SIRT6 acts as an early sensor of BER enzymes and both SIRT6 and 9-1-1 serve critical roles in DNA repair to maintain telomere integrity.
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50
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Elamin M, Ruskin DN, Sacchetti P, Masino SA. A unifying mechanism of ketogenic diet action: The multiple roles of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Epilepsy Res 2020; 167:106469. [PMID: 33038721 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2020.106469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The ability of a ketogenic diet to treat seizures and render a neuronal network more resistant to strong electrical activity has been observed for a century in clinics and for decades in research laboratories. Alongside ongoing efforts to understand how this therapy works to stop seizures, metabolic health is increasingly appreciated as critical buffer to resisting and recovering from acute and chronic disease. Accordingly, links between metabolism and health, and the broader emerging impact of the ketogenic diet in improving diverse metabolic, immunological and neurological conditions, have served to intensify the search for its key and/or common mechanisms. Here we review diverse evidence for increased levels of NAD+, and thus an altered ratio of NAD+/NADH, during metabolic therapy with a ketogenic diet. We propose this as a potential unifying mechanism, and highlight some of the evidence linking altered NAD+/NADH with reduced seizures and with a range of short and long-term changes associated with the beneficial effects of a ketogenic diet. An increase in NAD+/NADH is consistent with multiple lines of evidence and hypotheses, and therefore we suggest that increased NAD+ may be a common mechanism underlying beneficial effects of ketogenic diet therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Elamin
- Neuroscience Department, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington CT, United States.
| | - David N Ruskin
- Neuroscience Program & Psychology Department, Trinity College, Hartford, CT, United States.
| | - Paola Sacchetti
- Neuroscience Program & Department of Biology, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT, United States.
| | - Susan A Masino
- Neuroscience Program & Psychology Department, Trinity College, Hartford, CT, United States.
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