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Mureşan CI, Dezmirean DS, Marc BD, Suharoschi R, Pop OL, Buttstedt A. Biological properties and activities of major royal jelly proteins and their derived peptides. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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2
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p21-Activated kinase 1 (PAK1) in aging and longevity: An overview. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101443. [PMID: 34390849 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The p21-activated kinases (PAKs) belong to serine/threonine kinases family, regulated by ∼21 kDa small signaling G proteins RAC1 and CDC42. The mammalian PAK family comprises six members (PAK1-6) that are classified into two groups (I and II) based on their domain architecture and regulatory mechanisms. PAKs are implicated in a wide range of cellular functions. PAK1 has recently attracted increasing attention owing to its involvement in oncogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis as well as several life-limiting diseases and pathological conditions. In Caenorhabditis elegans, PAK1 functions limit the lifespan under basal conditions by inhibiting forkhead transcription factor DAF-16. Interestingly, PAK depletion extended longevity and attenuated the onset of age-related phenotypes in a premature-aging mouse model and delayed senescence in mammalian fibroblasts. These observations implicate PAKs as not only oncogenic but also aging kinases. Therefore, PAK-targeting genetic and/or pharmacological interventions, particularly PAK1-targeting, could be a viable strategy for developing cancer therapies with relatively no side effects and promoting healthy longevity. This review describes PAK family proteins, their biological functions, and their role in regulating aging and longevity using C. elegans. Moreover, we discuss the effect of small-molecule PAK1 inhibitors on the lifespan and healthspan of C. elegans.
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Mahjoob M, Stochaj U. Curcumin nanoformulations to combat aging-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 69:101364. [PMID: 34000462 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging increases the susceptibility to a diverse set of diseases and disorders, including neurodegeneration, cancer, diabetes, and arthritis. Natural compounds are currently being explored as alternative or complementary agents to treat or prevent aging-related malfunctions. Curcumin, a phytochemical isolated from the spice turmeric, has garnered great interest in recent years. With anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and other physiological activities, curcumin has great potential for health applications. However, the benefits of curcumin are restricted by its low bioavailability and stability in biological systems. Curcumin nanoformulations, or nano-curcumin, may overcome these limitations. This review discusses different forms of nano-curcumin that have been evaluated in vitro and in vivo to treat or prevent aging-associated health impairments. We describe current barriers for the routine use of curcumin nanoformulations in the clinic. Our review highlights outstanding questions and future work that is needed to ensure nano-curcumin is efficient and safe to lessen the burden of aging-related health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mahjoob
- Department of Physiology & Quantitative Life Sciences Program, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ursula Stochaj
- Department of Physiology & Quantitative Life Sciences Program, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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Kim J, You S. Effect of samul-tang on female fertility via RAS signaling pathway in ovaries of aged mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14829-14842. [PMID: 34091440 PMCID: PMC8221297 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Samul-tang (SM), a traditional herbal medicine, is used to treat age-related human conditions, such as infertility and menstrual irregularities. The mechanism underlying the role of SM in ovary function needs elucidation. In this study, the influence of SM administration on the ovarian reserve of aged mice was investigated. Female BALB/c mice (8 and 40 weeks-old) were administered with distilled water (young or old group) or SM for 4 weeks. SM administration prevented age-related ovarian follicle loss in mice. Quality of oocytes and blastocysts were enhanced in SM-administrated mice compared to those of non-treated old mice. Further, SM administration increased the pregnancy rate and number of litters. SM triggered changes in aging-related genes that are linked to the RAS-mediated pathway. Thus, we demonstrate that SM can be used to increase the oocyte yield in aged women, potentially improving age-related cognitive decline in the ovarian reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooseong You
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Yasar Z, Elliott BT, Kyriakidou Y, Nwokoma CT, Postlethwaite RD, Gaffney CJ, Dewhurst S, Hayes LD. Sprint interval training (SIT) reduces serum epidermal growth factor (EGF), but not other inflammatory cytokines in trained older men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:1909-1919. [PMID: 33723630 PMCID: PMC8192388 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04635-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The present study aimed to investigate the effect of age on circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. A secondary aim was to investigate whether a novel sprint interval training (SIT) intervention (3 × 20 s ‘all out’ static sprints, twice a week for 8 weeks) would affect inflammatory markers in older men. Methods Nine older men [68 (1) years] and eleven younger men [28 (2) years] comprised the younger group. Aerobic fitness and inflammatory markers were taken at baseline for both groups and following the SIT intervention for the older group. Results Interleukin (IL)-8, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were unchanged for the older and younger groups at baseline (IL-8, p = 0.819; MCP-1, p = 0.248; VEGF, p = 0.264). Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was greater in the older group compared to the younger group at baseline [142 (20) pg mL−1 and 60 (12) pg mL−1, respectively, p = 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.64]. Following SIT, older men decreased EGF to 100 (12) pg mL−1 which was similar to that of young men who did not undergo training (p = 0.113, Cohen's d = 1.07). Conclusion Older aerobically trained men have greater serum EGF than younger aerobically trained men. A novel SIT intervention in older men can shift circulating EGF towards trained younger concentrations. As lower EGF has previously been associated with longevity in C. elegans, the manipulative effect of SIT on EGF in healthy ageing in the human may be of further interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerbu Yasar
- Active Ageing Research Group, Institute of Health, University of Cumbria, Lancaster, UK
| | - Bradley T Elliott
- Translational Physiology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish St, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
| | - Yvoni Kyriakidou
- Translational Physiology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish St, London, W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Chiazor T Nwokoma
- Translational Physiology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish St, London, W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Ruth D Postlethwaite
- Active Ageing Research Group, Institute of Health, University of Cumbria, Lancaster, UK.,Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Christopher J Gaffney
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Susan Dewhurst
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sport Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Lawrence D Hayes
- Active Ageing Research Group, Institute of Health, University of Cumbria, Lancaster, UK.,School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, UK
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Mohankumar A, Kalaiselvi D, Thiruppathi G, Muthusaravanan S, Nivitha S, Levenson C, Tawata S, Sundararaj P. α- and β-Santalols Delay Aging in Caenorhabditis elegans via Preventing Oxidative Stress and Protein Aggregation. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:32641-32654. [PMID: 33376901 PMCID: PMC7758982 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
α- and β-Santalol (santalol isomers) are the most abundant sesquiterpenoids found in sandalwood, contributing to its pleasant fragrance and wide-spectrum bioactivity. This study aimed at identifying the antiaging and antiaggregation mechanism of α- and β-santalol using the genetic tractability of an in vivo model Caenorhabditis elegans. The results showed that santalol isomers retard aging, improved health span, and inhibited the aggregation of toxic amyloid-β (Aβ1-42) and polyglutamine repeats (Q35, Q40, and HtnQ150) in C. elegans models for Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease, respectively. The genetic study, reporter gene expression, RNA-based reverse genetic approach (RNA interferences/RNAi), and gene expression analysis revealed that santalol isomers selectively regulate SKN-1/Nrf2 and EOR-1/PLZF transcription factors through the RTK/Ras/MAPK-dependent signaling axis that could trigger the expression of several antioxidants and protein aggregation inhibitory genes, viz., gst-4, gcs-1, gst-10, gsr-1, hsp-4, and skr-5, which extend longevity and help minimize age-induced protein oxidation and aggregation. We believe that these findings will further promote α- and β-santalol to become next-generation prolongevity and antiaggregation molecules for longer and healthier life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Duraisamy Kalaiselvi
- Department
of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641046, India
- Department
of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture,
College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Sundararaj Nivitha
- College
of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Corey Levenson
- Santalis
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 18618 Tuscany Stone, Suite 100, San Antonio, Texas 78258, United States
| | - Shinkichi Tawata
- Department
of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
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Scarano A, Sbarbati A, Amore R, Iorio EL, Ferraro G, Marchetti M, Amuso D. The role of hyaluronic acid and amino acid against the aging of the human skin: A clinical and histological study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:2296-2304. [PMID: 33090687 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In esthetic medicine, different techniques have been used against the aging of the human skin especially in the facial area. Hyaluronic acid is used for improving the quantity of water and extracellular matrix molecule. The aim of this study is a clinical and histological evaluation of the effect of low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid fragments mixed with amino acid (HAAM) on the rejuvenation the face skin treated with intradermal microinjections. METHODS Twenty women with mean age 45 range from 35 to 64 were studied, thereof 8 in menopause and 12 of childbearing age. The patients were treated with the HAAM products by mesotherapy technique; before and after 3 months of the therapeutic procedure, each patient underwent small biopsies with a circular punch biopsy. RESULTS The clinical results of the present study showed that the administration of the dermal filler containing fragments of hyaluronic acid between 20 and 38 monomers and amino acid via dermis injection technique produces an esthetic improvement in the faces of the treated patients, while the histological evaluation shows an increased fibroblast activity with the production of type III reticular collagen and increased number of vessels and epidermis thickness. CONCLUSIONS The clinical and histological assessment showed that subcutaneous HAAM infiltration has a significant impact on the dermis and clinical aspects of the face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Scarano
- Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Sbarbati
- Aesthetic Medicine and Wellness, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Amore
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eugenio Luigi Iorio
- Aesthetic Medicine, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giueseppe Ferraro
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Marchetti
- School of Applied Medical-Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Amuso
- Aesthetic Medicine and Wellness, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Sutherland TC, Geoffroy CG. The Influence of Neuron-Extrinsic Factors and Aging on Injury Progression and Axonal Repair in the Central Nervous System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:190. [PMID: 32269994 PMCID: PMC7109259 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the aging western population, the average age of incidence for spinal cord injury (SCI) has increased, as has the length of survival of SCI patients. This places great importance on understanding SCI in middle-aged and aging patients. Axon regeneration after injury is an area of study that has received substantial attention and made important experimental progress, however, our understanding of how aging affects this process, and any therapeutic effort to modulate repair, is incomplete. The growth and regeneration of axons is mediated by both neuron intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In this review we explore some of the key extrinsic influences on axon regeneration in the literature, focusing on inflammation and astrogliosis, other cellular responses, components of the extracellular matrix, and myelin proteins. We will describe how each element supports the contention that axonal growth after injury in the central nervous system shows an age-dependent decline, and how this may affect outcomes after a SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa C Sutherland
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Cédric G Geoffroy
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
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Xu J, Liu K, Chen T, Zhan T, Ouyang Z, Wang Y, Liu W, Zhang X, Sun Y, Xu G, Wang X. Rotating magnetic field delays human umbilical vein endothelial cell aging and prolongs the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:10385-10408. [PMID: 31757933 PMCID: PMC6914427 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of magnetic fields are a research hotspot in the field of biomedical engineering. In this study, we further investigated the effects of a rotating magnetic field (RMF; 0.2 T, 4 Hz) on the growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and Caenorhabditis elegans. The results showed that RMF exposure prolonged the lifespan of C. elegans and slowed the aging of HUVECs. RMF treatment of HUVECs showed that activation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was associated with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) due to increased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress in anti-aging mechanisms. RMF also promoted the health status of C. elegans by improving activity, reducing age-related pigment accumulation, delaying Aβ-induced paralysis and increasing resistance to heat and oxidative stress. The prolonged lifespan of C. elegans was associated with decreased levels of daf-16 which related to the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway (IIS) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas the heat shock transcription factor-1 (hsf-1) pathway was not involved. Moreover, the level of autophagy was increased after RMF treatment. These findings expand our understanding of the potential mechanisms by which RMF treatment prolongs lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyao Xu
- Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation: Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&D Center, Shenzhen Key Lab of Synthetic Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kan Liu
- Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation: Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&D Center, Shenzhen Key Lab of Synthetic Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation: Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&D Center, Shenzhen Key Lab of Synthetic Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tianying Zhan
- Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation: Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&D Center, Shenzhen Key Lab of Synthetic Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zijun Ouyang
- Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation: Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&D Center, Shenzhen Key Lab of Synthetic Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yushu Wang
- Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation: Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&D Center, Shenzhen Key Lab of Synthetic Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation: Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&D Center, Shenzhen Key Lab of Synthetic Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Gaixia Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation: Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&D Center, Shenzhen Key Lab of Synthetic Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Ahluwalia A, Jones MK, Hoa N, Zhu E, Brzozowski T, Tarnawski AS. Reduced NGF in Gastric Endothelial Cells Is One of the Main Causes of Impaired Angiogenesis in Aging Gastric Mucosa. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 6:199-213. [PMID: 29992182 PMCID: PMC6037903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Aging gastric mucosa has increased susceptibility to injury and delayed healing owing to impaired angiogenesis, but the mechanisms are not fully known. We examined whether impairment of angiogenesis in aging gastric mucosa is caused by deficiency of nerve growth factor (NGF) in gastric endothelial cells (ECs), and whether NGF therapy could reverse this impairment. METHODS In gastric mucosal ECs (GECs) isolated from young and aging rats we examined the following: (1) in vitro angiogenesis, (2) NGF expression, and (3) the effect of NGF treatment on angiogenesis, GEC proliferation and migration, and dependence on serum response factor. In in vivo studies in young and aging rats, we examined NGF expression in gastric mucosa and the effect of NGF treatment on angiogenesis and gastric ulcer healing. To determine human relevance, we examined NGF expression in gastric mucosal biopsy specimens of aging (≥70 y) and young (≤40 y) individuals. RESULTS In cultured aging GECs, NGF expression and angiogenesis were reduced significantly by 3.0-fold and 4.1-fold vs young GECs. NGF therapy reversed impairment of angiogenesis in aging GECs, and serum response factor silencing completely abolished this response. In gastric mucosa of aging rats, NGF expression in GECs was reduced significantly vs young rats. In aging rats, local NGF treatment significantly increased angiogenesis and accelerated gastric ulcer healing. In aging human subjects, NGF expression in ECs of gastric mucosal vessels was 5.5-fold reduced vs young individuals. CONCLUSIONS NGF deficiency in ECs is a key mechanism underlying impaired angiogenesis and delayed ulcer healing in aging gastric mucosa. Local NGF therapy can reverse these impairments.
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Key Words
- Aging
- Akt, serine threonine kinase signaling protein
- Angiogenesis
- BrdU, bromodeoxyuridine
- EC, endothelial cell
- Endothelial Cells
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- GEC, gastric mucosal microvascular endothelial cells isolated from rats
- GU, gastric ulcer
- Gene Therapy
- LV-GFP, lentiviral green fluorescent protein
- LV-NGF, lentiviral nerve growth factor
- NGF, nerve growth factor
- NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
- Nerve Growth Factor
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PI3, phosphoinositide-3
- SRF, serum response factor
- Ulcer Healing
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- mRNA, messenger RNA
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Ahluwalia
- Medical and Research Services, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California
| | - Michael K. Jones
- Medical and Research Services, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Neil Hoa
- Medical and Research Services, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California
| | - Ercheng Zhu
- Medical and Research Services, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej S. Tarnawski
- Medical and Research Services, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Andrzej S. Tarnawski, MD, PhD, AGAF, FACG, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, 5901 East 7th Street, 09/151, Long Beach, California 90822. fax: (562) 826-5675.
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A conserved mitochondrial surveillance pathway is required for defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006876. [PMID: 28662060 PMCID: PMC5510899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
All living organisms exist in a precarious state of homeostasis that requires constant maintenance. A wide variety of stresses, including hypoxia, heat, and infection by pathogens perpetually threaten to imbalance this state. Organisms use a battery of defenses to mitigate damage and restore normal function. Previously, we described a Caenorhabditis elegans-Pseudomonas aeruginosa assay (Liquid Killing) in which toxicity to the host is dependent upon the secreted bacterial siderophore pyoverdine. Although pyoverdine is also indispensable for virulence in mammals, its cytological effects are unclear. We used genetics, transcriptomics, and a variety of pathogen and chemical exposure assays to study the interactions between P. aeruginosa and C. elegans. Although P. aeruginosa can kill C. elegans through at least 5 different mechanisms, the defense responses activated by Liquid Killing are specific and selective and have little in common with innate defense mechanisms against intestinal colonization. Intriguingly, the defense response utilizes the phylogenetically-conserved ESRE (Ethanol and Stress Response Element) network, which we and others have previously shown to mitigate damage from a variety of abiotic stresses. This is the first report of this networks involvement in innate immunity, and indicates that host innate immune responses overlap with responses to abiotic stresses. The upregulation of the ESRE network in C. elegans is mediated in part by a family of bZIP proteins (including ZIP-2, ZIP-4, CEBP-1, and CEBP-2) that have overlapping and unique functions. Our data convincingly show that, following exposure to P. aeruginosa, the ESRE defense network is activated by mitochondrial damage, and that mitochondrial damage also leads to ESRE activation in mammals. This establishes a role for ESRE in a phylogenetically-conserved mitochondrial surveillance system important for stress response and innate immunity.
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Kumar N, Jain V, Singh A, Jagtap U, Verma S, Mukhopadhyay A. Genome-wide endogenous DAF-16/FOXO recruitment dynamics during lowered insulin signalling in C. elegans. Oncotarget 2016; 6:41418-33. [PMID: 26539642 PMCID: PMC4747164 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lowering insulin-IGF-1-like signalling (IIS) activates FOXO transcription factors (TF) to extend life span across species. To study the dynamics of FOXO chromatin occupancy under this condition in C. elegans, we report the first recruitment profile of endogenous DAF-16 and show that the response is conserved. DAF-16 predominantly acts as a transcriptional activator and binding within the 0.5 kb promoter-proximal region results in maximum induction of downstream targets that code for proteins involved in detoxification and longevity. Interestingly, genes that are activated under low IIS already have higher DAF-16 recruited to their promoters in WT. DAF-16 binds to variants of the FOXO consensus sequence in the promoter proximal regions of genes that are exclusively targeted during low IIS. We also define a set of 'core' direct targets, after comparing multiple studies, which tend to co-express and contribute robustly towards IIS-associated phenotypes. Additionally, we show that nuclear hormone receptor DAF-12 as well as zinc-finger TF EOR-1 may bind DNA in close proximity to DAF-16 and distinct TF classes that are direct targets of DAF-16 may be instrumental in regulating its indirect targets. Together, our study provides fundamental insights into the transcriptional biology of FOXO/DAF-16 and gene regulation downstream of the IIS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- Molecular Aging Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.,Current address: Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences , Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Vaibhav Jain
- Molecular Aging Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Anupama Singh
- Molecular Aging Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Urmila Jagtap
- Molecular Aging Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonia Verma
- Molecular Aging Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Arnab Mukhopadhyay
- Molecular Aging Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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Detienne G, Van de Walle P, De Haes W, Schoofs L, Temmerman L. SKN-1-independent transcriptional activation of glutathione S-transferase 4 (GST-4) by EGF signaling. WORM 2016; 5:e1230585. [PMID: 28090393 DOI: 10.1080/21624054.2016.1230585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In C. elegans research, transcriptional activation of glutathione S-transferase 4 (gst-4) is often used as a read-out for SKN-1 activity. While many heed an assumed non-exclusivity of the GFP reporter signal driven by the gst-4 promoter to SKN-1, this is also often ignored. We here show that gst-4 can also be transcriptionally activated by EOR-1, a transcription factor mediating effects of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) pathway. Along with enhancing exogenous oxidative stress tolerance, EOR-1 inde-pendently of SKN-1 increases gst-4 transcription in response to augmented EGF signaling. Our findings caution researchers within the C. elegans community to always rely on sufficient experimental controls when assaying SKN-1 transcriptional activity with a gst-4p::gfp reporter, such as SKN-1 loss-of-function mutants and/or additional target genes next to gst-4.
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Gerber PA, Buhren BA, Schrumpf H, Hevezi P, Bölke E, Sohn D, Jänicke RU, Belum VR, Robert C, Lacouture ME, Homey B. Mechanisms of skin aging induced by EGFR inhibitors. Support Care Cancer 2016; 24:4241-8. [PMID: 27165055 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-016-3254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms of skin aging have not been completely elucidated. Anecdotal data suggests that EGFR inhibition accelerates aging-like skin changes. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying skin changes associated with the use of EFGRIs. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients during prolonged treatment with EGFRIs (>3 months) were analyzed for aging-like skin changes. Baseline EGFR expression was compared in young (<25 years old) vs. old (> 65 years old) skin. In addition, the regulation of extracellular matrix, senescence-associated genes, and cell cycle status was measured in primary human keratinocytes treated with erlotinib in vitro. RESULTS There were progressive signs of skin aging, including xerosis cutis, atrophy, rhytide formation, and/or actinic purpura in 12 patients. Keratinocytes treated with erlotinib in vitro showed a significant down-modulation of hyaluronan synthases (HAS2 and HAS3), whereas senescence-associated genes (p21, p53, IL-6, maspin) were upregulated, along with a G1 cell cycle arrest and stronger SA β-Gal activity. There was significantly decreased baseline expression in EGFR density in aged skin, when compared to young controls. CONCLUSIONS EGFR inhibition results in molecular alterations in keratinocytes that may contribute to the observed skin aging of patients treated with respective targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Arne Gerber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Bettina Alexandra Buhren
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Schrumpf
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Hevezi
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Edwin Bölke
- Clinic and Polyclinic, Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Dennis Sohn
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Reiner U Jänicke
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Viswanath Reddy Belum
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Robert
- Dermatology Service and Paris-Sud University, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif-Paris Sud, Paris, France
| | - Mario E Lacouture
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bernhard Homey
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Detienne G, De Haes W, Ernst UR, Schoofs L, Temmerman L. Royalactin extends lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans through epidermal growth factor signaling. Exp Gerontol 2014; 60:129-35. [PMID: 25456847 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Royalactin is a glycoprotein essential for the development of long-lived queen honeybees. Only larvae fed with royal jelly, containing royalactin, develop into queens. Royalactin plays a central role in this process by switching on the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor signaling pathway which ultimately leads to epigenetic changes and a long-lived queen phenotype. Recently it was shown that royalactin by itself also extends lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. Yet, the mechanism by which royalactin promotes longevity remains largely unknown. We set out to characterize the effects of royalactin on Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan, and clarify the possible involvement of EGF signaling in this process. We demonstrate that royalactin extends lifespan of this nematode and that both EGF (LIN-3) and its receptor (LET-23) are essential to this process. To our knowledge, this is the first report of royalactin-mediated lifespan extension in a non-insect species. Additionally, we show that royalactin enhances locomotion in adult nematodes, implying that royalactin also influences healthspan. Our results suggest that royalactin is an important lifespan-extending factor in royal jelly and acts by promoting EGF signaling in C. elegans. Further work will now be needed to clarify which (secondary) signaling pathways are activated by royalactin, and how this ultimately translates into an extended health- and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giel Detienne
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter De Haes
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ulrich R Ernst
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Socioecology and Social Evolution, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liliane Schoofs
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Temmerman
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Abstract
Recent groundbreaking discoveries have revealed that IGF-1, Ras, MEK, AMPK, TSC1/2, FOXO, PI3K, mTOR, S6K, and NFκB are involved in the aging process. This is remarkable because the same signaling molecules, oncoproteins and tumor suppressors, are well-known targets for cancer therapy. Furthermore, anti-cancer drugs aimed at some of these targets have been already developed. This arsenal could be potentially employed for anti-aging interventions (given that similar signaling molecules are involved in both cancer and aging). In cancer, intrinsic and acquired resistance, tumor heterogeneity, adaptation, and genetic instability of cancer cells all hinder cancer-directed therapy. But for anti-aging applications, these hurdles are irrelevant. For example, since anti-aging interventions should be aimed at normal postmitotic cells, no selection for resistance is expected. At low doses, certain agents may decelerate aging and age-related diseases. Importantly, deceleration of aging can in turn postpone cancer, which is an age-related disease.
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Abstract
Recent discoveries suggest that aging is neither driven by accumulation of molecular damage of any cause, nor by random damage of any kind. Some predictions of a new theory, quasi-programmed hyperfunction, have already been confirmed and a clinically-available drug slows aging and delays diseases in animals. The relationship between diseases and aging becomes easily apparent. Yet, the essence of aging turns out to be so startling that the theory cannot be instantly accepted and any possible arguments are raised for its disposal. I discuss that these arguments actually support a new theory. Are any questions remaining? And might accumulation of molecular damage still play a peculiar role in aging?
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Blagosklonny
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, BLSC, L3-312, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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18
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Chappell WH, Abrams SL, Franklin RA, LaHair MM, Montalto G, Cervello M, Martelli AM, Nicoletti F, Candido S, Libra M, Polesel J, Talamini R, Milella M, Tafuri A, Steelman LS, McCubrey JA. Ectopic NGAL expression can alter sensitivity of breast cancer cells to EGFR, Bcl-2, CaM-K inhibitors and the plant natural product berberine. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:4447-61. [PMID: 23159854 PMCID: PMC3552927 DOI: 10.4161/cc.22786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL, a.k.a Lnc2) is a member of the lipocalin family and has diverse roles. NGAL can stabilize matrix metalloproteinase-9 from autodegradation. NGAL is considered as a siderocalin that is important in the transport of iron. NGAL expression has also been associated with certain neoplasias and is implicated in the metastasis of breast cancer. In a previous study, we examined whether ectopic NGAL expression would alter the sensitivity of breast epithelial, breast and colorectal cancer cells to the effects of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. While abundant NGAL expression was detected in all the cells infected with a retrovirus encoding NGAL, this expression did not alter the sensitivity of these cells to doxorubicin as compared with empty vector-transduced cells. We were also interested in determining the effects of ectopic NGAL expression on the sensitivity to small-molecule inhibitors targeting key signaling molecules. Ectopic NGAL expression increased the sensitivity of MCF-7 breast cancer cells to EGFR, Bcl-2 and calmodulin kinase inhibitors as well as the natural plant product berberine. Furthermore, when suboptimal concentrations of certain inhibitors were combined with doxorubicin, a reduction in the doxorubicin IC 50 was frequently observed. An exception was observed when doxorubicin was combined with rapamycin, as doxorubicin suppressed the sensitivity of the NGAL-transduced MCF-7 cells to rapamycin when compared with the empty vector controls. In contrast, changes in the sensitivities of the NGAL-transduced HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line and the breast epithelial MCF-10A cell line were not detected compared with empty vector-transduced cells. Doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7/Dox (R) cells were examined in these experiments as a control drug-resistant line; it displayed increased sensitivity to EGFR and Bcl-2 inhibitors compared with empty vector transduced MCF-7 cells. These results indicate that NGAL expression can alter the sensitivity of certain cancer cells to small-molecule inhibitors, suggesting that patients whose tumors exhibit elevated NGAL expression or have become drug-resistant may display altered responses to certain small-molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H. Chappell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - Stephen L. Abrams
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - Richard A. Franklin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - Michelle M. LaHair
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties; University of Palermo; Palermo, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare “Alberto Monroy”; Palermo, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare “Alberto Monroy”; Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto M. Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; Università di Bologna; Bologna, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Genetics; National Research Council-Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute; Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Saverio Candido
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences; University of Catania; Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences; University of Catania; Catania, Italy
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Centro di Riferimento Oncologico; IRCCS; Aviano, Italy
| | - Renato Talamini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Centro di Riferimento Oncologico; IRCCS; Aviano, Italy
| | | | - Agostino Tafuri
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology and Hematology; University of Rome, Sapienza; Rome, Italy
| | - Linda S. Steelman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - James A. McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
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19
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McCubrey JA, Steelman LS, Chappell WH, Abrams SL, Montalto G, Cervello M, Nicoletti F, Fagone P, Malaponte G, Mazzarino MC, Candido S, Libra M, Bäsecke J, Mijatovic S, Maksimovic-Ivanic D, Milella M, Tafuri A, Cocco L, Evangelisti C, Chiarini F, Martelli AM. Mutations and deregulation of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR cascades which alter therapy response. Oncotarget 2012; 3:954-87. [PMID: 23006971 PMCID: PMC3660063 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR cascades are often activated by genetic alterations in upstream signaling molecules such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). Certain components of these pathways, RAS, NF1, BRAF, MEK1, DUSP5, PP2A, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PIK3R4, PIK3R5, IRS4, AKT, NFKB1, MTOR, PTEN, TSC1, and TSC2 may also be activated/inactivated by mutations or epigenetic silencing. Upstream mutations in one signaling pathway or even in downstream components of the same pathway can alter the sensitivity of the cells to certain small molecule inhibitors. These pathways have profound effects on proliferative, apoptotic and differentiation pathways. Dysregulation of components of these cascades can contribute to: resistance to other pathway inhibitors, chemotherapeutic drug resistance, premature aging as well as other diseases. This review will first describe these pathways and discuss how genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations can result in resistance to various inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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