1
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Drake DM, Zhen D, Kerrebijn I, Or B, Gao S, Afsharian K, Tran J, Bhatia S, Cheng A, Wells PG. Breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) protection in altered gene expression and neurodevelopmental disorders due to physiological and ethanol-enhanced reactive oxygen species formation. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:272-284. [PMID: 37541454 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The breast cancer 1 (Brca1) susceptibility gene regulates the repair of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated DNA damage, which is implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders. Alcohol (ethanol, EtOH) exposure during pregnancy causes fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), including abnormal brain function, associated with enhanced ROS-initiated DNA damage. Herein, oxidative DNA damage in fetal brains and neurodevelopmental disorders were enhanced in saline-exposed +/- vs. +/+ Brca1 littermates. A single EtOH exposure during gestation further enhanced oxidative DNA damage, altered the expression of developmental/DNA damage response genes in fetal brains, and resulted in neurodevelopmental disorders, all of which were BRCA1-dependent. Pretreatment with the ROS inhibitor phenylbutylnitrone (PBN) blocked DNA damage and some neurodevelopmental disorders in both saline- and EtOH-exposed progeny, corroborating a ROS-dependent mechanism. Fetal BRCA1 protects against altered gene expression and neurodevelopmental disorders caused by both physiological and EtOH-enhanced levels of ROS formation. BRCA1 deficiencies may enhance the risk for FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Drake
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danlin Zhen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabel Kerrebijn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Or
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sophie Gao
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kian Afsharian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shama Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter G Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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2
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Paccosi E, Balajee AS, Proietti-De-Santis L. A matter of delicate balance: Loss and gain of Cockayne syndrome proteins in premature aging and cancer. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:960662. [PMID: 35935726 PMCID: PMC9351357 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.960662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
DNA repair genes are critical for preserving genomic stability and it is well established that mutations in DNA repair genes give rise to progeroid diseases due to perturbations in different DNA metabolic activities. Cockayne Syndrome (CS) is an autosomal recessive inheritance caused by inactivating mutations in CSA and CSB genes. This review will primarily focus on the two Cockayne Syndrome proteins, CSA and CSB, primarily known to be involved in Transcription Coupled Repair (TCR). Curiously, dysregulated expression of CS proteins has been shown to exhibit differential health outcomes: lack of CS proteins due to gene mutations invariably leads to complex premature aging phenotypes, while excess of CS proteins is associated with carcinogenesis. Thus it appears that CS genes act as a double-edged sword whose loss or gain of expression leads to premature aging and cancer. Future mechanistic studies on cell and animal models of CS can lead to potential biological targets for interventions in both aging and cancer development processes. Some of these exciting possibilities will be discussed in this review in light of the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Paccosi
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Elena Paccosi, ; Adayabalam S. Balajee, ; Luca Proietti-De-Santis,
| | - Adayabalam S. Balajee
- Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Laboratory, Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site, Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Elena Paccosi, ; Adayabalam S. Balajee, ; Luca Proietti-De-Santis,
| | - Luca Proietti-De-Santis
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Elena Paccosi, ; Adayabalam S. Balajee, ; Luca Proietti-De-Santis,
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3
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Crochemore C, Cimmaruta C, Fernández-Molina C, Ricchetti M. Reactive Species in Progeroid Syndromes and Aging-Related Processes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:208-228. [PMID: 34428933 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Reactive species have been classically considered causative of age-related degenerative processes, but the scenario appears considerably more complex and to some extent counterintuitive than originally anticipated. The impact of reactive species in precocious aging syndromes is revealing new clues to understand and perhaps challenge the resulting degenerative processes. Recent Advances: Our understanding of reactive species has considerably evolved, including their hormetic effect (beneficial at a certain level, harmful beyond this level), the occurrence of diverse hormetic peaks in different cell types and organisms, and the extended type of reactive species that are relevant in biological processes. Our understanding of the impact of reactive species has also expanded from the dichotomic damaging/signaling role to modulation of gene expression. Critical Issues: These new concepts are affecting the study of aging and diseases where aging is greatly accelerated. We discuss how notions arising from the study of the underlying mechanisms of a progeroid disease, Cockayne syndrome, represent a paradigm shift that may shed a new light in understanding the role of reactive species in age-related degenerative processes. Future Issues: Future investigations urge to explore established and emerging notions to elucidate the multiple contributions of reactive species in degenerative processes linked to pathophysiological aging and their possible amelioration. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 208-228.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Crochemore
- Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Stem Cells and Development, UMR 3738 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Sup'Biotech, Villejuif, France
| | - Chiara Cimmaruta
- Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Stem Cells and Development, UMR 3738 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Cristina Fernández-Molina
- Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Stem Cells and Development, UMR 3738 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, University of Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Miria Ricchetti
- Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Stem Cells and Development, UMR 3738 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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4
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Zayoud K, Kraoua I, Chikhaoui A, Calmels N, Bouchoucha S, Obringer C, Crochemore C, Najjar D, Zarrouk S, Miladi N, Laugel V, Ricchetti M, Turki I, Yacoub-Youssef H. Identification and Characterization of a Novel Recurrent ERCC6 Variant in Patients with a Severe Form of Cockayne Syndrome B. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121922. [PMID: 34946871 PMCID: PMC8701866 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare disease caused by mutations in ERCC6/CSB or ERCC8/CSA. We report here the clinical, genetic, and functional analyses of three unrelated patients mutated in ERCC6/CSB with a severe phenotype. After clinical examination, two patients were investigated via next generation sequencing, targeting seventeen Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) genes. All three patients harbored a novel, c.3156dup, homozygous mutation located in exon 18 of ERCC6/CSB that affects the C-terminal region of the protein. Sanger sequencing confirmed the mutation and the parental segregation in the three families, and Western blots showed a lack of the full-length protein. NER functional impairment was shown by reduced recovery of RNA synthesis with proficient unscheduled DNA synthesis after UV-C radiations in patient-derived fibroblasts. Despite sharing the same mutation, the clinical spectrum was heterogeneous among the three patients, and only two patients displayed clinical photosensitivity. This novel ERCC6 variant in Tunisian patients suggests a founder effect and has implications for setting-up prenatal diagnosis/genetic counselling in North Africa, where this disease is largely undiagnosed. This study reveals one of the rare cases of CS clinical heterogeneity despite the same mutation. Moreover, the occurrence of an identical homozygous mutation, which either results in clinical photosensitivity or does not, strongly suggests that this classic CS symptom relies on multiple factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khouloud Zayoud
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (K.Z.); (A.C.); (D.N.)
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Bizerte 7000, Tunisia
| | - Ichraf Kraoua
- LR18SP04 and Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, National Institute Mongi Ben Hmida of Neurology, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (I.K.); (I.T.)
| | - Asma Chikhaoui
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (K.Z.); (A.C.); (D.N.)
| | - Nadège Calmels
- Laboratoires de Diagnostic Génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d’Alsace, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM U1112, Institut de génétique médicale d’Alsace, CRBS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (C.O.); (V.L.)
| | - Sami Bouchoucha
- Service Orthopédie, Hôpital d’enfant Béchir Hamza, Tunis 1000, Tunisia;
| | - Cathy Obringer
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM U1112, Institut de génétique médicale d’Alsace, CRBS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (C.O.); (V.L.)
| | - Clément Crochemore
- Institut Pasteur, Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Stem Cells and Development, UMR 3738 CNRS, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France; (C.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Dorra Najjar
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (K.Z.); (A.C.); (D.N.)
| | - Sinda Zarrouk
- Genomics Platform, Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis 1002, Tunisia;
| | - Najoua Miladi
- Maghreb Medical Center, El Manar III, Tunis 9000, Tunisia;
| | - Vincent Laugel
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM U1112, Institut de génétique médicale d’Alsace, CRBS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (C.O.); (V.L.)
| | - Miria Ricchetti
- Institut Pasteur, Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Stem Cells and Development, UMR 3738 CNRS, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France; (C.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Ilhem Turki
- LR18SP04 and Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, National Institute Mongi Ben Hmida of Neurology, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (I.K.); (I.T.)
| | - Houda Yacoub-Youssef
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (K.Z.); (A.C.); (D.N.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Pascucci B, Spadaro F, Pietraforte D, Nuccio CD, Visentin S, Giglio P, Dogliotti E, D’Errico M. DRP1 Inhibition Rescues Mitochondrial Integrity and Excessive Apoptosis in CS-A Disease Cell Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137123. [PMID: 34281194 PMCID: PMC8268695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome group A (CS-A) is a rare recessive progeroid disorder characterized by sun sensitivity and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Cells derived from CS-A patients present as pathological hallmarks excessive oxidative stress, mitochondrial fragmentation and apoptosis associated with hyperactivation of the mitochondrial fission dynamin related protein 1 (DRP1). In this study, by using human cell models we further investigated the interplay between DRP1 and CSA and we determined whether pharmacological or genetic inhibition of DRP1 affects disease progression. Both reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are in excess in CS-A cells and when the mitochondrial translocation of DRP1 is inhibited a reduction of these species is observed together with a recovery of mitochondrial integrity and a significant decrease of apoptosis. This study indicates that the CSA-driven modulation of DRP1 pathway is key to control mitochondrial homeostasis and apoptosis and suggests DRP1 as a potential target in the treatment of CS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pascucci
- Institute of Crystallography, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00015 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Spadaro
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (D.P.)
| | | | - Chiara De Nuccio
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sergio Visentin
- National Center for Research and Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paola Giglio
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Eugenia Dogliotti
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mariarosaria D’Errico
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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6
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Tiwari V, Baptiste BA, Okur MN, Bohr VA. Current and emerging roles of Cockayne syndrome group B (CSB) protein. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:2418-2434. [PMID: 33590097 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a segmental premature aging syndrome caused primarily by defects in the CSA or CSB genes. In addition to premature aging, CS patients typically exhibit microcephaly, progressive mental and sensorial retardation and cutaneous photosensitivity. Defects in the CSB gene were initially thought to primarily impair transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER), predicting a relatively consistent phenotype among CS patients. In contrast, the phenotypes of CS patients are pleiotropic and variable. The latter is consistent with recent work that implicates CSB in multiple cellular systems and pathways, including DNA base excision repair, interstrand cross-link repair, transcription, chromatin remodeling, RNAPII processing, nucleolin regulation, rDNA transcription, redox homeostasis, and mitochondrial function. The discovery of additional functions for CSB could potentially explain the many clinical phenotypes of CSB patients. This review focuses on the diverse roles played by CSB in cellular pathways that enhance genome stability, providing insight into the molecular features of this complex premature aging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Tiwari
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Beverly A Baptiste
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mustafa N Okur
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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7
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Paccosi E, Proietti-De-Santis L. The emerging role of Cockayne group A and B proteins in ubiquitin/proteasome-directed protein degradation. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 195:111466. [PMID: 33727156 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
When mutated, csa and csb genes are responsible of the complex phenotype of the premature aging Cockayne Syndrome (CS). Our working hypothesis is to reconcile the multiple cellular and molecular phenotypes associated to CS within the unifying molecular function of CSA and CSB proteins in the cascade of events leading to ubiquitin/proteasome-directed protein degradation, which occurs in processes as DNA repair, transcription and cell division. This achievement may reasonably explain the plethora of cellular UPS-regulated functions that result impaired when either CSA or CSB are mutated and suggestively explains part of their pleiotropic effect. This review is aimed to solicit the interest of the scientific community in further investigating this aspect, since we believe that the identification of the ubiquitin-proteasome machinery as a new potential therapeutic target, able to comprehensively face the different molecular aspects of CS, whether confirmed and corroborated by in vivo studies, would open a promising avenue to design effective therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Paccosi
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Luca Proietti-De-Santis
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
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8
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The Cockayne syndrome group A and B proteins are part of a ubiquitin-proteasome degradation complex regulating cell division. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:30498-30508. [PMID: 33199595 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006543117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis is monitored by a molecular machinery that promotes the degradation of the intercellular bridge, a transient protein structure connecting the two daughter cells. Here, we found that CSA and CSB, primarily defined as DNA repair factors, are located at the midbody, a transient structure in the middle of the intercellular bridge, where they recruit CUL4 and MDM2 ubiquitin ligases and the proteasome. As a part of this molecular machinery, CSA and CSB contribute to the ubiquitination and the degradation of proteins such as PRC1, the Protein Regulator of Cytokinesis, to ensure the correct separation of the two daughter cells. Defects in CSA or CSB result in perturbation of the abscission leading to the formation of long intercellular bridges and multinucleated cells, which might explain part of the Cockayne syndrome phenotypes. Our results enlighten the role played by CSA and CSB as part of a ubiquitin/proteasome degradation process involved in transcription, DNA repair, and cell division.
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9
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Crochemore C, Fernández-Molina C, Montagne B, Salles A, Ricchetti M. CSB promoter downregulation via histone H3 hypoacetylation is an early determinant of replicative senescence. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5576. [PMID: 31811121 PMCID: PMC6898346 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence has causative links with ageing and age-related diseases, however, it remains unclear if progeroid factors cause senescence in normal cells. Here, we show that depletion of CSB, a protein mutated in progeroid Cockayne syndrome (CS), is the earliest known trigger of p21-dependent replicative senescence. CSB depletion promotes overexpression of the HTRA3 protease resulting in mitochondrial impairments, which are causally linked to CS pathological phenotypes. The CSB promoter is downregulated by histone H3 hypoacetylation during DNA damage-response. Mechanistically, CSB binds to the p21 promoter thereby downregulating its transcription and blocking replicative senescence in a p53-independent manner. This activity of CSB is independent of its role in the repair of UV-induced DNA damage. HTRA3 accumulation and senescence are partially rescued upon reduction of oxidative/nitrosative stress. These findings establish a CSB/p21 axis that acts as a barrier to replicative senescence, and link a progeroid factor with the process of regular ageing in human. Senescence of metabolically active cells is a process linked to ageing. Here the authors reveal that CSB is required to block replicative senescence, and epigenetic control of CSB downregulation triggers proliferative arrest in a p21-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Crochemore
- Institut Pasteur, Stem Cells and Development, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3738, Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Cristina Fernández-Molina
- Institut Pasteur, Stem Cells and Development, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3738, Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, 75015, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, University of Paris 06, IFD-ED 515, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Montagne
- Institut Pasteur, Stem Cells and Development, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3738, Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Salles
- Institut Pasteur, UTechS Photonic BioImaging PBI (Imagopole), Centre de Recherche et de Ressources Technologiques C2RT, Paris, France
| | - Miria Ricchetti
- Institut Pasteur, Stem Cells and Development, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015, Paris, France. .,CNRS UMR 3738, Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, 75015, Paris, France.
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10
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Yang Z, Liu C, Wu H, Xie Y, Gao H, Zhang X. CSB affected on the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to platinum-based drugs through the global decrease of let-7 and miR-29. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:948. [PMID: 31615563 PMCID: PMC6792260 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6194-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) plays a prominent role in the removal of DNA adducts induced by platinum-based chemotherapy reagents. Cockayne syndrome protein B (CSB), the master sensor of TCR, is also involved in the platinum resistant. Let-7 and miR-29 binding sites are highly conserved in the proximal 3′UTR of CSB. Methods We conducted immunohistochemisty to examine the expression of CSB in NSCLC. To determine whether let-7 family and miR-29 family directly interact with the putative target sites in the 3′UTR of CSB, we used luciferase reporter gene analysis. To detect the sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells to platinum-based drugs, CCK analysis and apoptosis analysis were performed. Results We found that let-7 and miR-29 negatively regulate the expression of CSB by directly targeting to the 3′UTR of CSB. The endogenous CSB expression could be suppressed by let-7 and miR-29 in lung cancer cells. The suppression of CSB activity by endogenous let-7 and miR-29 can be robustly reversed by their sponges. Down-regulation of CSB induced apoptosis and increased the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to cisplatin and carboplatin drugs. Let-7 and miR-29 directly effect on cisplatin and carboplatin sensitivity in NSCLC. Conclusions In conclusion, the platinum-based drug resistant of lung cancer cells may involve in the regulation of let-7 and miR-29 to CSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbang Yang
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Basic Medicine for Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Chunling Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tangshan Renmin Hospital North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Hongjiao Wu
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yuning Xie
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.,Institute of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.,Institute of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
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11
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Pascucci B, Fragale A, Marabitti V, Leuzzi G, Calcagnile AS, Parlanti E, Franchitto A, Dogliotti E, D'Errico M. CSA and CSB play a role in the response to DNA breaks. Oncotarget 2018; 9:11581-11591. [PMID: 29545921 PMCID: PMC5837770 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CS proteins have been involved in the repair of a wide variety of DNA lesions. Here, we analyse the role of CS proteins in DNA break repair by studying histone H2AX phosphorylation in different cell cycle phases and DNA break repair by comet assay in CS-A and CS-B primary and transformed cells. Following methyl methane sulphate treatment a significant accumulation of unrepaired single strand breaks was detected in CS cells as compared to normal cells, leading to accumulation of double strand breaks in S and G2 phases. A delay in DSBs repair and accumulation in S and G2 phases were also observed following IR exposure. These data confirm the role of CSB in the suppression of NHEJ in S and G2 phase cells and extend this function to CSA. However, the repair kinetics of double strand breaks showed unique features for CS-A and CS-B cells suggesting that these proteins may act at different times along DNA break repair. The involvement of CS proteins in the repair of DNA breaks may play an important role in the clinical features of CS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pascucci
- Institute of Cristallography, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy.,Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fragale
- Section of Tumor Immunology, Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Veronica Marabitti
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Leuzzi
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angelo Salvatore Calcagnile
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Eleonora Parlanti
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Annapaola Franchitto
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Eugenia Dogliotti
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria D'Errico
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
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12
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Caputo M, Balzerano A, Arisi I, D’Onofrio M, Brandi R, Bongiorni S, Brancorsini S, Frontini M, Proietti-De-Santis L. CSB ablation induced apoptosis is mediated by increased endoplasmic reticulum stress response. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172399. [PMID: 28253359 PMCID: PMC5333825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA repair protein Cockayne syndrome group B (CSB) has been recently identified as a promising anticancer target. Suppression, by antisense technology, of this protein causes devastating effects on tumor cells viability, through a massive induction of apoptosis, while being non-toxic to non-transformed cells. To gain insights into the mechanisms underlying the pro-apoptotic effects observed after CSB ablation, global gene expression patterns were determined, to identify genes that were significantly differentially regulated as a function of CSB expression. Our findings revealed that response to endoplasmic reticulum stress and response to unfolded proteins were ranked top amongst the cellular processes affected by CSB suppression. The major components of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis pathway, including pro-apoptotic factors downstream of the ATF3-CHOP cascade, were dramatically up-regulated. Altogether our findings add new pieces to the understanding of CSB mechanisms of action and to the molecular basis of CS syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Caputo
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging—Department of Ecology and Biology—University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alessio Balzerano
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging—Department of Ecology and Biology—University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Ivan Arisi
- Genomics Facility, European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara D’Onofrio
- Genomics Facility, European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Brandi
- Genomics Facility, European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Bongiorni
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging—Department of Ecology and Biology—University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Stefano Brancorsini
- Department of Experimental Medicine—Section of Terni, University of Perugia, Terni, Italy
| | - Mattia Frontini
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Proietti-De-Santis
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging—Department of Ecology and Biology—University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- * E-mail:
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13
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Pascucci B, D'Errico M, Romagnoli A, De Nuccio C, Savino M, Pietraforte D, Lanzafame M, Calcagnile AS, Fortini P, Baccarini S, Orioli D, Degan P, Visentin S, Stefanini M, Isidoro C, Fimia GM, Dogliotti E. Overexpression of parkin rescues the defective mitochondrial phenotype and the increased apoptosis of Cockayne Syndrome A cells. Oncotarget 2016; 8:102852-102867. [PMID: 29262528 PMCID: PMC5732694 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ERCC8/CSA gene encodes a WD-40 repeat protein (CSA) that is part of a E3-ubiquitin ligase/COP9 signalosome complex. When mutated, CSA causes the Cockayne Syndrome group A (CS-A), a rare recessive progeroid disorder characterized by sun sensitivity and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. CS-A cells features include ROS hyperproduction, accumulation of oxidative genome damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased apoptosis that may contribute to the neurodegenerative process. In this study, we show that CSA localizes to mitochondria and specifically interacts with the mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein (DRP1) that is hyperactivated when CSA is defective. Increased fission is not counterbalanced by increased mitophagy in CS-A cells thus leading to accumulation of fragmented mitochondria. However, when mitochondria are challenged with the mitochondrial toxin carbonyl cyanide m-chloro phenyl hydrazine, CS-A fibroblasts undergo mitophagy as efficiently as normal fibroblasts, suggesting that this process remains targetable to get rid of damaged mitochondria. Indeed, when basal mitophagy was potentiated by overexpressing Parkin in CSA deficient cells, a significant rescue of the dysfunctional mitochondrial phenotype was observed. Importantly, Parkin overexpression not only reactivates basal mitophagy, but plays also an anti-apoptotic role by significantly reducing the translocation of Bax at mitochondria in CS-A cells. These findings provide new mechanistic insights into the role of CSA in mitochondrial maintenance and might open new perspectives for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pascucci
- Institute of Crystallography, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy.,Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria D'Errico
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Romagnoli
- Department Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, INMI L. Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara De Nuccio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Savino
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Donatella Pietraforte
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Lanzafame
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Angelo Salvatore Calcagnile
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Fortini
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Baccarini
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Donata Orioli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Degan
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Largo Rosanna Benzi, Genova, Italy
| | - Sergio Visentin
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Miria Stefanini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, INMI L. Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Eugenia Dogliotti
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbing Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Nicolai S, Filippi S, Caputo M, Cipak L, Gregan J, Ammerer G, Frontini M, Willems D, Prantera G, Balajee AS, Proietti-De-Santis L. Identification of Novel Proteins Co-Purifying with Cockayne Syndrome Group B (CSB) Reveals Potential Roles for CSB in RNA Metabolism and Chromatin Dynamics. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128558. [PMID: 26030138 PMCID: PMC4451243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The CSB protein, a member of the SWI/SNF ATP dependent chromatin remodeling family of proteins, plays a role in a sub-pathway of nucleotide excision repair (NER) known as transcription coupled repair (TCR). CSB is frequently mutated in Cockayne syndrome group B, a segmental progeroid human autosomal recessive disease characterized by growth failure and degeneration of multiple organs. Though initially classified as a DNA repair protein, recent studies have demonstrated that the loss of CSB results in pleiotropic effects. Identification of novel proteins belonging to the CSB interactome may be useful not only for predicting the molecular basis for diverse pathological symptoms of CS-B patients but also for unraveling the functions of CSB in addition to its authentic role in DNA repair. In this study, we performed tandem affinity purification (TAP) technology coupled with mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation studies to identify and characterize the proteins that potentially interact with CSB-TAP. Our approach revealed 33 proteins that were not previously known to interact with CSB. These newly identified proteins indicate potential roles for CSB in RNA metabolism involving repression and activation of transcription process and in the maintenance of chromatin dynamics and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Nicolai
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Silvia Filippi
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Manuela Caputo
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Lubos Cipak
- Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Juraj Gregan
- Department of Genetics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gustav Ammerer
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Facility, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mattia Frontini
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0PT, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Willems
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Prantera
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Adayabalam S. Balajee
- Center for Radiological Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, United States of America
| | - Luca Proietti-De-Santis
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
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16
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Abstract
Chemical modification and spontaneous loss of nucleotide bases from DNA are estimated to occur at the rate of thousands per human cell per day. DNA base excision repair (BER) is a critical mechanism for repairing such lesions in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Defective expression or function of proteins required for BER or proteins that regulate BER have been consistently associated with neurological dysfunction and disease in humans. Recent studies suggest that DNA lesions in the nuclear and mitochondrial compartments and the cellular response to those lesions have a profound effect on cellular energy homeostasis, mitochondrial function and cellular bioenergetics, with especially strong influence on neurological function. Further studies in this area could lead to novel approaches to prevent and treat human neurodegenerative disease.
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17
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Miyahara H, Itonaga T, Maeda T, Izumi T, Ihara K. Overexpression of p53 but not Rb in the cytoplasm of neurons and small vessels in an autopsy of a patient with Cockayne syndrome. Neuropathology 2014; 35:266-72. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Miyahara
- Department of Pediatrics; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - Tomoyo Itonaga
- Department of Pediatrics; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - Tomoki Maeda
- Department of Pediatrics; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - Tatsuro Izumi
- Department of Pediatrics; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - Kenji Ihara
- Department of Pediatrics; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
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18
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Koch S, Garcia Gonzalez O, Assfalg R, Schelling A, Schäfer P, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Iben S. Cockayne syndrome protein A is a transcription factor of RNA polymerase I and stimulates ribosomal biogenesis and growth. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:2029-37. [PMID: 24781187 PMCID: PMC4111694 DOI: 10.4161/cc.29018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Cockayne syndrome A (CSA) protein account for 20% of Cockayne syndrome (CS) cases, a childhood disorder of premature aging and early death. Hitherto, CSA has exclusively been described as DNA repair factor of the transcription-coupled branch of nucleotide excision repair. Here we show a novel function of CSA as transcription factor of RNA polymerase I in the nucleolus. Knockdown of CSA reduces pre-rRNA synthesis by RNA polymerase I. CSA associates with RNA polymerase I and the active fraction of the rDNA and stimulates re-initiation of rDNA transcription by recruiting the Cockayne syndrome proteins TFIIH and CSB. Moreover, compared with CSA deficient parental CS cells, CSA transfected CS cells reveal significantly more rRNA with induced growth and enhanced global translation. A previously unknown global dysregulation of ribosomal biogenesis most likely contributes to the reduced growth and premature aging of CS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Koch
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases; University of Ulm; Ulm, Germany
| | - Omar Garcia Gonzalez
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases; University of Ulm; Ulm, Germany
| | - Robin Assfalg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases; University of Ulm; Ulm, Germany
| | - Adrian Schelling
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases; University of Ulm; Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick Schäfer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases; University of Ulm; Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Iben
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases; University of Ulm; Ulm, Germany
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19
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Therapeutic and space radiation exposure of mouse brain causes impaired DNA repair response and premature senescence by chronic oxidant production. Aging (Albany NY) 2014; 5:607-22. [PMID: 23928451 PMCID: PMC3796214 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent epidemiological evidences linking radiation exposure and a number of human ailments including cancer, mechanistic understanding of how radiation inflicts long-term changes in cerebral cortex, which regulates important neuronal functions, remains obscure. The current study dissects molecular events relevant to pathology in cerebral cortex of 6 to 8 weeks old female C57BL/6J mice two and twelve months after exposure to a γ radiation dose (2 Gy) commonly employed in fractionated radiotherapy. For a comparative study, effects of 1.6 Gy heavy ion 56Fe radiation on cerebral cortex were also investigated, which has implications for space exploration. Radiation exposure was associated with increased chronic oxidative stress, oxidative DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis. These results when considered with decreased cortical thickness, activation of cell-cycle arrest pathway, and inhibition of DNA double strand break repair factors led us to conclude to our knowledge for the first time that radiation caused aging-like pathology in cerebral cortical cells and changes after heavy ion radiation were more pronounced than γ radiation.
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20
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Gomes PR, Graciano MF, Pantaleão LC, Rennó AL, Rodrigues SC, Velloso LA, Latorraca MQ, Carpinelli AR, Anhê GF, Bordin S. Long-term disruption of maternal glucose homeostasis induced by prenatal glucocorticoid treatment correlates with miR-29 upregulation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E109-20. [PMID: 24253049 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00364.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Excess of glucocorticoids (GCs) during pregnancy is strongly associated with the programming of glucose intolerance in the offspring. However, the impact of high GC levels on maternal metabolism is not clearly documented. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that mothers exposed to elevated levels of GCs might also display long-term disturbances in glucose homeostasis. Dexamethasone (DEX) was administered noninvasively to the mothers via drinking water between the 14th and the 19th days of pregnancy. Mothers were subjected to glucose and insulin tolerance tests at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 mo postweaning. Pregnant rats not treated with DEX and age-matched virgin rats were used as controls. Pancreatic islets were isolated at the 20th day of pregnancy and 12 mo postweaning in order to evaluate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The expression of the miR-29 family was also studied due to its responsiveness to GCs and its well-documented role in the regulation of pancreatic β-cell function. Rats treated with DEX during pregnancy presented long-term glucose intolerance and impaired insulin secretion. These changes correlated with 1) increased expression of miR-29 and its regulator p53, 2) reduced expression of syntaxin-1a, a direct target of miR-29, and 3) altered expression of genes related to cellular senescence. Our data demonstrate that the use of DEX during pregnancy results in deleterious outcomes to the maternal metabolism, hallmarked by reduced insulin secretion and glucose intolerance. This maternal metabolic programming might be a consequence of time-sustained upregulation of miR-29s in maternal pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia R Gomes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Deaconescu AM. RNA polymerase between lesion bypass and DNA repair. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:4495-509. [PMID: 23807206 PMCID: PMC11113250 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1384-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage leads to heritable changes in the genome via DNA replication. However, as the DNA helix is the site of numerous other transactions, notably transcription, DNA damage can have diverse repercussions on cellular physiology. In particular, DNA lesions have distinct effects on the passage of transcribing RNA polymerases, from easy bypass to almost complete block of transcription elongation. The fate of the RNA polymerase positioned at a lesion is largely determined by whether the lesion is structurally subtle and can be accommodated and eventually bypassed, or bulky, structurally distorting and requiring remodeling/complete dissociation of the transcription elongation complex, excision, and repair. Here we review cellular responses to DNA damage that involve RNA polymerases with a focus on bacterial transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair and lesion bypass via transcriptional mutagenesis. Emphasis is placed on the explosion of new structural information on RNA polymerases and relevant DNA repair factors and the mechanistic models derived from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Deaconescu
- Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, 415 South St., MS029, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA,
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22
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Brooks PJ. Blinded by the UV light: how the focus on transcription-coupled NER has distracted from understanding the mechanisms of Cockayne syndrome neurologic disease. DNA Repair (Amst) 2013; 12:656-71. [PMID: 23683874 PMCID: PMC4240003 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder, with growth abnormalities, progeriod features, and sun sensitivity. CS is typically considered to be a DNA repair disorder, since cells from CS patients have a defect in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER). However, cells from UV-sensitive syndrome patients also lack TC-NER, but these patients do not suffer from the neurologic and other abnormalities that CS patients do. Also, the neurologic abnormalities that affect CS patients (CS neurologic disease) are qualitatively different from those seen in NER-deficient XP patients. Therefore, the TC-NER defect explains the sun sensitive phenotype common to both CS and UVsS, but cannot explain CS neurologic disease. However, as CS neurologic disease is of much greater clinical significance than the sun sensitivity, there is a pressing need to understand its molecular basis. While there is evidence for defective repair of oxidative DNA damage and mitochondrial abnormalities in CS cells, here I propose that the defects in transcription by both RNA polymerases I and II that have been documented in CS cells provide a better explanation for many of the severe growth and neurodevelopmental defects in CS patients than defective DNA repair. The implications of these ideas for interpreting results from mouse models of CS, and for the development of treatments and therapies for CS patients are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Brooks
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, 5625 Fishers Lane, 3S-32, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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23
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Aamann MD, Muftuoglu M, Bohr VA, Stevnsner T. Multiple interaction partners for Cockayne syndrome proteins: implications for genome and transcriptome maintenance. Mech Ageing Dev 2013; 134:212-24. [PMID: 23583689 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) is characterized by progressive multisystem degeneration and is classified as a segmental premature aging syndrome. The majority of CS cases are caused by defects in the CS complementation group B (CSB) protein and the rest are mainly caused by defects in the CS complementation group A (CSA) protein. Cells from CS patients are sensitive to UV light and a number of other DNA damaging agents including various types of oxidative stress. The cells also display transcription deficiencies, abnormal apoptotic response to DNA damage, and DNA repair deficiencies. Herein we have critically reviewed the current knowledge about known protein interactions of the CS proteins. The review focuses on the participation of the CSB and CSA proteins in many different protein interactions and complexes, and how these interactions inform us about pathways that are defective in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Aamann
- Danish Center for Molecular Gerontology and Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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24
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Lanzafame M, Vaz B, Nardo T, Botta E, Orioli D, Stefanini M. From laboratory tests to functional characterisation of Cockayne syndrome. Mech Ageing Dev 2013; 134:171-9. [PMID: 23567079 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The significant progress made over the last few years on the pathogenesis of Cockayne syndrome (CS) greatly improved our knowledge on several aspects crucial for development and ageing, demonstrating that this disorder, even if rare, represents a valuable tool to clarify key aspects of human health. Primary cells from patients have been instrumental to elucidate the multiple roles of CS proteins and to approach the dissection of the complex interplay between repair and transcription that is central to the CS clinical phenotype. Here we discuss the results of the cellular assays applied for confirmation of the clinical diagnosis as well as the results of genetic and molecular studies in DNA repair defective patients. Furthermore, we provide a general overview of recent in vivo and in vitro studies indicating that both CSA and CSB proteins are involved in distinct aspects of the cellular responses to UV and oxidative stress, transcription and regulation of gene expression, chromatin remodelling, redox balance and cellular bioenergetics. In light of the literature data, we will finally discuss how inactivation of specific functional roles of CS proteins may differentially affect the phenotype, thus explaining the wide range in type and severity of symptoms reported in CS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Lanzafame
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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25
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Vélez-Cruz R, Egly JM. Cockayne syndrome group B (CSB) protein: at the crossroads of transcriptional networks. Mech Ageing Dev 2013; 134:234-42. [PMID: 23562425 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a variety of growth and developmental defects, photosensitivity, cachectic dwarfism, hearing loss, skeletal abnormalities, progressive neurological degeneration, and premature aging. CS arises due to mutations in the CSA and CSB genes. Both gene products are required for the transcription-coupled (TC) branch of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, however, the severe phenotype of CS patients is hard to reconcile with a sole defect in TC-NER. Studies using cells from patients and mouse models have shown that the CSB protein is involved in a variety of cellular pathways and plays a major role in the cellular response to stress. CSB has been shown to regulate processes such as the transcriptional recovery after DNA damage, the p53 transcriptional response, the response to hypoxia, the response to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), transactivation of nuclear receptors, transcription of housekeeping genes and the transcription of rDNA. Some of these processes are also affected in combined XP/CS patients. These new advances in the function(s) of CSB shed light onto the etiology of the clinical features observed in CS patients and could potentially open therapeutic avenues for these patients in the future. Moreover, the study of CS could further our knowledge of the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renier Vélez-Cruz
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/INSERM/Université de Strasbourg, BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, C. U. Strasbourg, France.
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26
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McKay BC, Cabrita MA. Arresting transcription and sentencing the cell: the consequences of blocked transcription. Mech Ageing Dev 2013; 134:243-52. [PMID: 23542592 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bulky DNA adducts induced by agents like ultraviolet light, cisplatin and oxidative metabolism pose a block to elongation by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). The arrested RNAPII can initiate the repair of transcription-blocking DNA lesions by transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) to permit efficient recovery of mRNA synthesis while widespread sustained transcription blocks lead to apoptosis. Therefore, RNAPII serves as a processive DNA damage sensor that identifies transcription-blocking DNA lesions. Cockayne syndrome (CS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a complex phenotype that includes clinical photosensitivity, progressive neurological degeneration and premature-aging. CS is associated with defects in TC-NER and the recovery of mRNA synthesis, making CS cells exquisitely sensitive to a variety of DNA damaging agents. These defects in the coupling of repair and transcription appear to underlie some of the complex clinical features of CS. Recent insight into the consequences of blocked transcription and their relationship to CS will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce C McKay
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Canada.
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Hannan KM, Sanij E, Rothblum LI, Hannan RD, Pearson RB. Dysregulation of RNA polymerase I transcription during disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2012; 1829:342-60. [PMID: 23153826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transcription of the ribosomal RNA genes by the dedicated RNA polymerase I enzyme and subsequent processing of the ribosomal RNA are fundamental control steps in the synthesis of functional ribosomes. Dysregulation of Pol I transcription and ribosome biogenesis is linked to the etiology of a broad range of human diseases. Diseases caused by loss of function mutations in the molecular constituents of the ribosome, or factors intimately associated with RNA polymerase I transcription and processing are collectively termed ribosomopathies. Ribosomopathies are generally rare and treatment options are extremely limited tending to be more palliative than curative. Other more common diseases are associated with profound changes in cellular growth such as cardiac hypertrophy, atrophy or cancer. In contrast to ribosomopathies, altered RNA polymerase I transcriptional activity in these diseases largely results from dysregulated upstream oncogenic pathways or by direct modulation by oncogenes or tumor suppressors at the level of the RNA polymerase I transcription apparatus itself. Ribosomopathies associated with mutations in ribosomal proteins and ribosomal RNA processing or assembly factors have been covered by recent excellent reviews. In contrast, here we review our current knowledge of human diseases specifically associated with dysregulation of RNA polymerase I transcription and its associated regulatory apparatus, including some cases where this dysregulation is directly causative in disease. We will also provide insight into and discussion of possible therapeutic approaches to treat patients with dysregulated RNA polymerase I transcription. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Transcription by Odd Pols.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Hannan
- Oncogenic Signalling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A'Beckett St, Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia
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