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Yan X, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Guo Y, Shi Z, Xu L, Xiong Z, Ouyang J, Chen Y, Ostrikov KK. Atmospheric pressure plasma preconditioning reduces oxygen and glucose deprivation induced human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells apoptosis by activating protective autophagy and ROS/AMPK/mTOR pathway. Cell Signal 2024; 123:111350. [PMID: 39168260 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS) exert a "double edged" effect on the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke. We previously indicate that atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) shows a neuroprotective effect in vitro based on the ROS/RNS generations. However, the mechanism is still unknown. In this work, SH-SY5Y cells were treated with oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) injuries for stimulating the ischemic stroke pathological injury process. A helium APP was used for SH-SY5Y cell treatment for evaluating the neuroprotective impacts of APP preconditioning against OGD injuries with the optimized parameters. During the preconditioning, APP significantly raised the extracellular and intracellular ROS/RNS production. As a result, APP preconditioning increased SH-SY5Y cell autophagy by elevating LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and autophagosome formation. Meanwhile, APP preconditioning reduced cell apoptosis caused by OGD with the increased APP treatment time, which was abolished by pretreatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). The ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) alone or combined with NO scavenger carboxy-PTIO abolished the APP preconditioning induced SH-SY5Y autophagy and the cytoprotection, whereas the NO scavenger alone did not. In addition, we observed the elevated phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and decreased phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in APP treated SH-SY5Y cells. This effect was attenuated by AMPK inhibitor Compound C (CC), the ROS scavenger NAC and autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. Furthermore, the cytoprotective effect of APP was preliminarily confirmed in the rats of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Results showed that APP inhalation by rats during MCAO process could improve neurological functions, reduce cell apoptosis in brain tissues and decrease cerebral infarct volume. Our data suggested that ROS produced by APP preconditioning played a vital role in the neuroprotective effect of SH-SY5Y cells against OGD injuries by activating autophagy and ROS/AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute/ Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuqing Liu
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute/ Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Ultrastructural pathology department, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute/ Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiao Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute/ Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute/ Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongfang Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute/ Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute/ Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiting Ouyang
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute/ Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China; Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
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Momeni Z, Danesh S, Ahmadpour M, Eshraghi R, Farkhondeh T, Pourhanifeh MH, Samarghandian S. Protective Roles and Therapeutic Effects of Gallic Acid in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases: Current Trends and Future Directions. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3733-3751. [PMID: 37815180 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673259299230921150030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are serious life-threatening illnesses and significant problematic issues for public health having a heavy economic burden on all society worldwide. The high incidence of these diseases as well as high mortality rates make them the leading causes of death and disability. Therefore, finding novel and more effective therapeutic methods is urgently required. Gallic acid, an herbal medicine with numerous biological properties, has been utilized in the treatment of various diseases for thousands of years. It has been demonstrated that gallic acid possesses pharmacological potential in regulating several molecular and cellular processes such as apoptosis and autophagy. Moreover, gallic acid has been investigated in the treatment of CVDs both in vivo and in vitro. Herein, we aimed to review the available evidence on the therapeutic application of gallic acid for CVDs including myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and infarction, drug-induced cardiotoxicity, hypertension, cardiac fibrosis, and heart failure, with a focus on underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Momeni
- Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Sepideh Danesh
- Research Hub Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ahmadpour
- Research Hub Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Eshraghi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh
- Research Hub Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- University of Neyshabur Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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3
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Mazloomi S, Mousavi V, Aghadavod E, Mafi A. Circular RNAs: Emerging Modulators in the Pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and their Clinical Implications. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:153-166. [PMID: 36627779 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230110151155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine/metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age. PCOS is characterized by hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovary morphology, and ovulatory dysfunction/anovulation. It involves multiple effects in patients, including granulosa/theca cell hyperplasia, menstrual disturbances, infertility, acne, obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disorders. Biochemical analyses and the results of RNA sequencing studies in recent years have shown a type of non-coding RNAs as a splicing product known as circular RNAs (circRNAs). Several biological functions have been identified in relation to circRNAs, including a role in miRNA sponge, protein sequestration, increased parental gene expression, and translation leading to polypeptides. These circular molecules are more plentiful and specialized than other types of RNAs. For this reason, they are referred to as potential biomarkers in different diseases. Evidence suggests that circRNAs may have regulatory potentials through different signaling pathways, such as the miRNA network. Probably most experts in the field of obstetricians are not aware of circRNAs as a useful biomarker. Therefore, this review focused on the researches that have been done on the involvement of circRNAs in PCOS and summarized recent supportive evidence, and evaluated the circRNA association and mechanisms involved in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Mazloomi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Vahide Mousavi
- School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Teixeira RB, Pfeiffer M, Zhang P, Shafique E, Rayta B, Karbasiafshar C, Ahsan N, Sellke FW, Abid MR. Reduction in mitochondrial ROS improves oxidative phosphorylation and provides resilience to coronary endothelium in non-reperfused myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:3. [PMID: 36639609 PMCID: PMC9839395 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00976-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that mitochondrial antioxidant MnSOD that reduces mitochondrial (mito) reactive oxygen species (ROS) helps maintain an optimal balance between sub-cellular ROS levels in coronary vascular endothelial cells (ECs). However, it is not known whether EC-specific mito-ROS modulation provides resilience to coronary ECs after a non-reperfused acute myocardial infarction (MI). This study examined whether a reduction in endothelium-specific mito-ROS improves the survival and proliferation of coronary ECs in vivo. We generated a novel conditional binary transgenic animal model that overexpresses (OE) mitochondrial antioxidant MnSOD in an EC-specific manner (MnSOD-OE). EC-specific MnSOD-OE was validated in heart sections and mouse heart ECs (MHECs). Mitosox and mito-roGFP assays demonstrated that MnSOD-OE resulted in a 50% reduction in mito-ROS in MHEC. Control and MnSOD-OE mice were subject to non-reperfusion MI surgery, echocardiography, and heart harvest. In post-MI hearts, MnSOD-OE promoted EC proliferation (by 2.4 ± 0.9 fold) and coronary angiogenesis (by 3.4 ± 0.9 fold), reduced myocardial infarct size (by 27%), and improved left ventricle ejection fraction (by 16%) and fractional shortening (by 20%). Interestingly, proteomic and Western blot analyses demonstrated upregulation in mitochondrial complex I and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins in MnSOD-OE MHECs. These MHECs also showed increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and membrane potential. These findings suggest that mito-ROS reduction in EC improves coronary angiogenesis and cardiac function in non-reperfused MI, which are associated with increased activation of OXPHOS in EC-mitochondria. Activation of an energy-efficient mechanism in EC may be a novel mechanism to confer resilience to coronary EC during MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayane Brinck Teixeira
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Melissa Pfeiffer
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Vascular Research Laboratory/Providence VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ehtesham Shafique
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Bonnie Rayta
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Catherine Karbasiafshar
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Nagib Ahsan
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Proteomics Core Facility, Center for Cancer Research and Development, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry, Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - M Ruhul Abid
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
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Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Options. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092274. [PMID: 36140374 PMCID: PMC9496134 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients are frequently affected by coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), a condition consisting of a combination of altered vasomotion and long-term structural change to coronary arterioles leading to impaired regulation of blood flow in response to changing cardiomyocyte oxygen requirements. The pathogenesis of this microvascular complication is complex and not completely known, involving several alterations among which hyperglycemia and insulin resistance play particularly central roles leading to oxidative stress, inflammatory activation and altered barrier function of endothelium. CMD significantly contributes to cardiac events such as angina or infarction without obstructive coronary artery disease, as well as heart failure, especially the phenotype associated with preserved ejection fraction, which greatly impact cardiovascular (CV) prognosis. To date, no treatments specifically target this vascular damage, but recent experimental studies and some clinical investigations have produced data in favor of potential beneficial effects on coronary micro vessels caused by two classes of glucose-lowering drugs: glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)-based therapy and inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2). The purpose of this review is to describe pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations of CMD with particular reference to diabetes, and to summarize the protective effects of antidiabetic drugs on the myocardial microvascular compartment.
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Hwang HJ, Kim N, Herman AB, Gorospe M, Lee JS. Factors and Pathways Modulating Endothelial Cell Senescence in Vascular Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710135. [PMID: 36077539 PMCID: PMC9456027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging causes a progressive decline in the structure and function of organs. With advancing age, an accumulation of senescent endothelial cells (ECs) contributes to the risk of developing vascular dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and neurodegeneration. Senescent ECs undergo phenotypic changes that alter the pattern of expressed proteins, as well as their morphologies and functions, and have been linked to vascular impairments, such as aortic stiffness, enhanced inflammation, and dysregulated vascular tone. Numerous molecules and pathways, including sirtuins, Klotho, RAAS, IGFBP, NRF2, and mTOR, have been implicated in promoting EC senescence. This review summarizes the molecular players and signaling pathways driving EC senescence and identifies targets with possible therapeutic value in age-related vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Hwang
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Nayeon Kim
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Allison B. Herman
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Endothelial Autophagy in Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132081. [PMID: 35805165 PMCID: PMC9265562 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) refers to a subset of structural and/or functional disorders of coronary microcirculation that lead to impaired coronary blood flow and eventually myocardial ischemia. Amid the growing knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms and the development of advanced tools for assessment, CMD has emerged as a prevalent cause of a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including obstructive and nonobstructive coronary artery disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Of note, the endothelium exerts vital functions in regulating coronary microvascular and cardiac function. Importantly, insufficient or uncontrolled activation of endothelial autophagy facilitates the pathogenesis of CMD in diverse CVDs. Here, we review the progress in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of autophagy in coronary endothelial cells and discuss their potential role in CMD and CVDs.
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8
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Sabe SA, Feng J, Sellke FW, Abid MR. Mechanisms and clinical implications of endothelium-dependent vasomotor dysfunction in coronary microvasculature. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H819-H841. [PMID: 35333122 PMCID: PMC9018047 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00603.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular disease (CMD), which affects the arterioles and capillary endothelium that regulate myocardial perfusion, is an increasingly recognized source of morbidity and mortality, particularly in the setting of metabolic syndrome. The coronary endothelium plays a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis, though factors such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity can contribute to endothelial injury and consequently arteriolar vasomotor dysfunction. These disturbances in the coronary microvasculature clinically manifest as diminished coronary flow reserve, which is a known independent risk factor for cardiac death, even in the absence of macrovascular atherosclerotic disease. Therefore, a growing body of literature has examined the molecular mechanisms by which coronary microvascular injury occurs at the level of the endothelium and the consequences on arteriolar vasomotor responses. This review will begin with an overview of normal coronary microvascular physiology, modalities of measuring coronary microvascular function, and clinical implications of CMD. These introductory topics will be followed by a discussion of recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms by which inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, shear stress, endothelial cell senescence, and tissue ischemia dysregulate coronary endothelial homeostasis and arteriolar vasomotor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif A Sabe
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jun Feng
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - M Ruhul Abid
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
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Cadmium and Cadmium/BDE (47 or 209) Exposure Affect Mitochondrial Function, DNA Damage/Repair Mechanisms and Barrier Integrity in Airway Epithelial Cells. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals and Brominated diphenyl ether flame-retardants (BDEs) often coexist in the environment and are capable of inducing injury, cytotoxicity or genotoxicity in human epithelial cells of the lung. We studied the effects of single Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) or CdCl2/BDE (47 or 209) mixtures in airway epithelial cells, using A549 cell line cultured at submerged conditions and air–liquid interface (ALI) (an in vitro model described as physiologically relevant in vivo-like). We evaluated cell viability, oxidative stress, apoptosis, DNA damage/repair (Comet assay, γH2AX phosphorylation ser139), mitochondrial redox balance (NOX-4, Nrf2 and TFAM) and cell barrier integrity (TEER, ZO-1, Claudin-1, E-cadherin-1) in A549 cells exposed to CdCl2 (1 nM to 10 µM), or to CdCl2 (100 nM)/BDEs (47 or 209) (100 nM). CdCl2 (10 μM) reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis. CdCl2 (100 nM) significantly affected DNA-damage/repair (Olive Tail length production), γH2AX phosphorylation and oxidative stress (ROS/JC-1 production) in submerged cell cultures. CdCl2 (100 nM) decreased viability, TEER, ZO-1, Claudin-1 and E-cadherin-1 mRNA expression, and Nrf2 and TFAM while increased NOX-4, in ALI culture of cells. In both cell culture approaches, the cells stimulated with Cadmium/BDEs mixtures did not show a significant increase in the effects observed in the cells treated with CdCl2 alone. CdCl2 inhalation might exert cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, playing a pivotal role in the uncontrolled oxidative stress, damaging DNA and gene expression in airway epithelial cells. No additional or synergistic adverse effects of CdCl2/BDEs mixture were observed in comparison to CdCl2 alone in lung epithelium.
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Lack of Endothelial α1AMPK Reverses the Vascular Protective Effects of Exercise by Causing eNOS Uncoupling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121974. [PMID: 34943078 PMCID: PMC8750041 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Voluntary exercise training is an effective way to prevent cardiovascular disease, since it results in increased NO bioavailability and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), especially its α1AMPK subunit, modulates ROS-dependent vascular homeostasis. Since endothelial cells play an important role in exercise-induced changes of vascular signaling, we examined the consequences of endothelial-specific α1AMPK deletion during voluntary exercise training. We generated a mouse strain with specific deletion of α1AMPK in endothelial cells (α1AMPKflox/flox x TekCre+). While voluntary exercise training improved endothelial function in wild-type mice, it had deleterious effects in mice lacking endothelial α1AMPK indicated by elevated reactive oxygen species production (measured by dihydroethidum fluorescence and 3-nitrotyrosine staining), eNOS uncoupling and endothelial dysfunction. Importantly, the expression of the phagocytic NADPH oxidase isoform (NOX-2) was down-regulated by exercise in control mice, whereas it was up-regulated in exercising α1AMPKflox/flox x TekCre+ animals. In addition, nitric oxide bioavailability was decreased and the antioxidant/protective nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) response via heme oxygenase 1 and uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2) was impaired in exercising α1AMPKflox/flox x TekCre+ mice. Our results demonstrate that endothelial α1AMPK is a critical component of the signaling events that enable vascular protection in response to exercise. Moreover, they identify endothelial α1AMPK as a master switch that determines whether the effects of exercise on the vasculature are protective or detrimental.
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Singh AK, Chaube B, Zhang X, Sun J, Citrin KM, Canfrán-Duque A, Aryal B, Rotllan N, Varela L, Lee RG, Horvath TL, Price NL, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. Hepatocyte-specific suppression of ANGPTL4 improves obesity-associated diabetes and mitigates atherosclerosis in mice. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140989. [PMID: 34255741 PMCID: PMC8409581 DOI: 10.1172/jci140989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic uptake and biosynthesis of fatty acids (FA), as well as the partitioning of FA into oxidative, storage, and secretory pathways are tightly regulated processes. Dysregulation of one or more of these processes can promote excess hepatic lipid accumulation, ultimately leading to systemic metabolic dysfunction. Angiopoietin-like-4 (ANGPTL4) is a secretory protein that inhibits lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and modulates triacylglycerol (TAG) homeostasis. To understand the role of ANGPTL4 in liver lipid metabolism under normal and high-fat fed conditions, we generated hepatocyte specific Angptl4 mutant mice (Hmut). Using metabolic turnover studies, we demonstrate that hepatic Angptl4 deficiency facilitates catabolism of TAG-rich lipoprotein (TRL) remnants in the liver via increased hepatic lipase (HL) activity, which results in a significant reduction in circulating TAG and cholesterol levels. Consequently, depletion of hepatocyte Angptl4 protects against diet-induce obesity, glucose intolerance, liver steatosis, and atherogenesis. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that loss of Angptl4 in hepatocytes promotes FA uptake which results in increased FA oxidation, ROS production, and AMPK activation. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of a targeted pharmacologic therapy that specifically inhibits Angptl4 gene expression in the liver and protects against diet-induced obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, and liver damage, which likely occurs via increased HL activity. Notably, this novel inhibition strategy does not cause any of the deleterious effects previously observed with neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek K. Singh
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Balkrishna Chaube
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Jonathan Sun
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Kathryn M. Citrin
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alberto Canfrán-Duque
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Binod Aryal
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Luis Varela
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Richard G. Lee
- Cardiovascular Group, Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Tamas L. Horvath
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Nathan L. Price
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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12
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Hamedani Y, Teixeira RB, Karbasiafshar C, Wipf P, Bhowmick S, Abid MR. Delivery of a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant from biocompatible, polymeric nanofibrous scaffolds. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 11:35-47. [PMID: 33179452 PMCID: PMC7780095 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease has been associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recently, we have shown that a critical balance between cytosolic ROS and mitochondrial ROS is crucial in cardiovascular health and that modulation of mitochondrial ROS helps prevent detrimental effects of cytosolic ROS on endothelial cells (EC) in transgenic animals. Here, we report the development of a controlled delivery system for a mitochondria‐targeted antioxidant, JP4‐039, from an electrospun scaffold made of FDA‐approved biocompatible polymeric nanofibers. We demonstrate that the active antioxidant moiety was preserved in released JP4‐039 for over 72 h using electron paramagnetic resonance. We also show that both the initial burst release of the drug within the first 20 min and the ensuing slow and sustained release that occurred over the next 24 h improved tube formation in human coronary artery ECs (HCAEC) in vitro. Taken together, these findings suggest that electrospinning methods can be used to upload mitochondrial antioxidant (JP4‐039) onto a biocompatible nanofibrous PLGA scaffold, and the uploaded drug (JP4‐039) retains nitroxide antioxidant properties upon release from the scaffold, which in turn can reduce mitochondrial ROS and improve EC function in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Hamedani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA, USA
| | - Rayane Brinck Teixeira
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Catherine Karbasiafshar
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sankha Bhowmick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA, USA
| | - M Ruhul Abid
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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13
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Alhayaza R, Haque E, Karbasiafshar C, Sellke FW, Abid MR. The Relationship Between Reactive Oxygen Species and Endothelial Cell Metabolism. Front Chem 2020; 8:592688. [PMID: 33330380 PMCID: PMC7732658 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.592688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the leading cause of death for many decades, highlighting the importance of new research and treatments in the field. The role of hypoxia and subsequent free radical production [reactive oxygen species (ROS)] have become an area of particular interest in CVD. Interestingly, our laboratory and other laboratories have recently reported positive roles of subcellular ROS in modulating endothelial cell (EC) metabolism, proliferation, and angiogenesis. This bidirectional relationship between ROS and EC metabolism, as well as functional changes, continues to be an area of active research. Interestingly, ECs have been shown to rely on anaerobic processes for ATP generation, despite their direct access to oxygen. This paradox has proven to be beneficial as the major reliance on glycolysis produces ATP faster, preserves oxygen, and results in reduced ROS levels in contrast to oxidative phosphorylation. This review will address the relationship between ROS and carbohydrate, lipid, and nitrogen metabolism in ECs, and their effects on EC phenotype such as sprouting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raid Alhayaza
- Alfaisal University School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emaan Haque
- Alfaisal University School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Catherine Karbasiafshar
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Frank W. Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, United States
| | - M. Ruhul Abid
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, United States
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14
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Chung DJ, Wu YL, Yang MY, Chan KC, Lee HJ, Wang CJ. Nelumbo nucifera leaf polyphenol extract and gallic acid inhibit TNF-α-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration involving the regulation of miR-21, miR-143 and miR-145. Food Funct 2020; 11:8602-8611. [PMID: 33084700 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02135k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nelumbo nucifera leaf water extract (NLE) attenuates high-fat diet (HFD)-induced rabbit atherosclerosis, but its mechanism of action and the relevant compounds remain unclear. Modulating the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) may be an enforceable strategy for atherosclerosis prevention. Therefore, we investigated the potential mechanisms of N. nucifera leaf polyphenol extract (NLPE) and its active ingredient gallic acid (GA) in VSMC proliferation and migration. A7r5 rat aortic VSMCs were provoked using 50 ng mL-1 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; the NLPE or GA reduced the TNF-α-induced migration by inhibiting the transforming protein RhoA/cell division cycle protein 42 pathway. The NLPE or GA suppressed the TNF-α-induced VSMC proliferation by inhibiting the Ras pathway and increasing the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), kinase suppressor of Ras 2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The NLPE or GA increased PTEN expression by downregulating microRNA (miR)-21 expression and reduced Ras and RhoA expression by upregulating miR-143 and miR-145 expression. The NLPE and GA use potentially prevents atherosclerosis by inhibiting the VSMC migration and proliferation. The mechanisms involve the regulation of the miRNA in PTEN, the Ras/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase pathway, and Rho family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Jung Chung
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Liang Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Surgical Department, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Yuan Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Chuan Chan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Jane Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan. and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N Road, Taichung 40201, South District, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan. and Department of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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15
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Zhang Z, Shi G, Liu Y, Xing H, Kabakov AY, Zhao AS, Agbortoko V, Kim J, Singh AK, Koren G, Harrington EO, Sellke FW, Feng J. Coronary endothelial dysfunction prevented by small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activator in mice and patients with diabetes. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 160:e263-e280. [PMID: 32199659 PMCID: PMC7439127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate coronary endothelial protection of a small-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channel activator against a period of cardioplegic-hypoxia and reoxygenation (CP-H/R) injury in mice and patients with diabetes (DM) and those without diabetes (nondiabetic [ND]). METHODS Mouse small coronary arteries/heart endothelial cells (MHECs) and human coronary arterial endothelial cells (HCAECs) were dissected from the harvested hearts of mice (n = 16/group) and from discarded right atrial tissue samples of patients with DM and without DM (n = 8/group). The SK current density of MHECs was measured. The in vitro small arteries/arterioles, MHECs, and HCAECs were subjected to 60 minutes of CP hypoxia, followed by 60 minutes of oxygenation. Vessels were treated with or without the selective SK activator NS309 for 5 minutes before and during CP hypoxia. RESULTS DM and/or CP-H/R significantly inhibited the total SK currents of MHECs and HCAECs and significantly diminished the mouse coronary relaxation response to NS309. Administration of NS309 immediately before and during CP hypoxia significantly improved the recovery of coronary endothelial function, as demonstrated by increased relaxation responses to adenosine 5'-diphosphate and substance P compared with those seen in controls (P < .05). This protective effect was more pronounced in vessels from ND mice and patients compared with DM mice and patients (P < .05). Cell surface membrane SK3 expression was significantly reduced after hypoxia, whereas cytosolic SK3 expression was greater than that of the sham control group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Application of NS309 immediately before and during CP hypoxia protects mouse and human coronary microvasculature against CP-H/R injury, but this effect is diminished in the diabetic coronary microvasculature. SK inhibition/inactivation and/or internalization/redistribution may contribute to CP-H/R-induced coronary endothelial and vascular relaxation dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Zhang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Guangbin Shi
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Hang Xing
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Anatoli Y Kabakov
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Amy S Zhao
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Vahid Agbortoko
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Justin Kim
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Arun K Singh
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Gideon Koren
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | | | - Frank W Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Jun Feng
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI.
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16
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Li H, Fu X, Yao F, Tian T, Wang C, Yang A. MTHFD1L-Mediated Redox Homeostasis Promotes Tumor Progression in Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1278. [PMID: 31867267 PMCID: PMC6906156 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Routine changes in cell metabolism can drive tumor development, as the cellular program develops to promote glycolysis and redox homeostasis during tumor progression; however, the associated mechanisms in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) remain unclear. Methods: We investigated methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1-like (MTHFD1L) expression, its clinical relevance, redox modification, and molecular mechanisms using TSCC cells and tissues. The anti-tumor effects of MTHFD1L knockdown on TSCC tumorigenesis were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test were used to analyze disease-free survival and overall survival. Results: TSCC patients with high expression levels of MTHFD1L had shorter overall survival (P < 0.05) and disease-free survival (P < 0.05). Knockdown of MTHFD1L reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) levels and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), which accelerated cell death under oxidative stress, such as hypoxia or glucose deprivation. Additionally, inhibition of MTHFD1L suppressed TSCC cell growth and delayed the cell cycle, including in xenograft experiments. Conclusions: MTHFD1L confers redox homeostasis and promotes TSCC cell growth, which provides a great opportunity to study tumor metabolism in head and neck cancer. The mTORC1-4EBP1-eIF4E axis may affect the expression of MTHFD1L in TSCC. Inhibition of the expression of MTHFD1L may be an actionable and effective therapeutic target in TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ankui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Lee HJ, Moon J, Chung I, Chung JH, Park C, Lee JO, Han JA, Kang MJ, Yoo EH, Kwak SY, Jo G, Park W, Park J, Kim KM, Lim S, Ngoei KRW, Ling NXY, Oakhill JS, Galic S, Murray-Segal L, Kemp BE, Mantzoros CS, Krauss RM, Shin MJ, Kim HS. ATP synthase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1), a novel myokine, regulates glucose metabolism by AMPK and Akt dual pathways. FASEB J 2019; 33:14825-14840. [PMID: 31670977 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901440rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) is an ATP synthase-interacting protein that suppresses the hydrolysis activity of ATP synthase. In this study, we observed that the expression of IF1 was up-regulated in response to electrical pulse stimulation of skeletal muscle cells and in exercized mice and healthy men. IF1 stimulates glucose uptake via AMPK in skeletal muscle cells and primary cultured myoblasts. Reactive oxygen species and Rac family small GTPase 1 (Rac1) function in the upstream and downstream of AMPK, respectively, in IF1-mediated glucose uptake. In diabetic animal models, the administration of recombinant IF1 improved glucose tolerance and down-regulated blood glucose level. In addition, IF1 inhibits ATP hydrolysis by β-F1-ATPase in plasma membrane, thereby increasing extracellular ATP and activating the protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, ultimately leading to glucose uptake. Thus, we suggest that IF1 is a novel myokine and propose a mechanism by which AMPK and Akt contribute independently to IF1-mediated improvement of glucose tolerance impairment. These results demonstrate the importance of IF1 as a potential antidiabetic agent.-Lee, H. J., Moon, J., Chung, I., Chung, J. H., Park, C., Lee, J. O., Han, J. A., Kang, M. J., Yoo, E. H., Kwak, S.-Y., Jo, G., Park, W., Park, J., Kim, K. M., Lim, S., Ngoei, K. R. W., Ling, N. X. Y., Oakhill, J. S., Galic, S., Murray-Segal, L., Kemp, B. E., Mantzoros, C. S., Krauss, R. M., Shin, M.-J., Kim, H. S. ATP synthase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1), a novel myokine, regulates glucose metabolism by AMPK and Akt dual pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Moon
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - InHyeok Chung
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Pocheon, South Korea
| | - Chan Park
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Pocheon, South Korea
| | - Jung Ok Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Han
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Ju Kang
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Hye Yoo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So-Young Kwak
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Garam Jo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wonil Park
- Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jonghoon Park
- Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Kevin R W Ngoei
- Protein Chemistry and Metabolism, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Naomi X Y Ling
- Metabolic Signaling Laboratory, St Vincenf's Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan S Oakhill
- Metabolic Signaling Laboratory, St Vincenf's Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra Galic
- Protein Chemistry and Metabolism, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Murray-Segal
- Protein Chemistry and Metabolism, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruce E Kemp
- Protein Chemistry and Metabolism, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Min-Jeong Shin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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18
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Vighetto V, Ancona A, Racca L, Limongi T, Troia A, Canavese G, Cauda V. The Synergistic Effect of Nanocrystals Combined With Ultrasound in the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species for Biomedical Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:374. [PMID: 32039170 PMCID: PMC6988813 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) effects on living cells and tissues is multifaceted and their level or dose can considerably affect cell proliferation and viability. It is therefore necessary understand their role also designing ways able to regulate their amount inside cells, i.e., using engineered nanomaterials with either antioxidant properties or, for cancer therapy applications, capable to induce oxidative stress and cell death, through tunable ROS production. In this paper, we report on the use of single-crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) round-shaped nanoparticles, yet ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) functionalized with amino-propyl groups (ZnO-NH2 NCs), combined with pulsed ultrasound (US). We show the synergistic effects produced by NC-assisted US which are able to produce different amount of ROS, as a result of inertial cavitation under the pulsed US exposure. Using Passive Cavitation Detection (PCD) and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, we systematically study which are the key parameters, monitoring, and influencing the amount of generated ROS measuring their concentration in water media and comparing all the results with pure water batches. We thus propose a ROS generation mechanism based on the selective application of US to the ZnO nanocrystals in water solutions. Ultrasound B-mode imaging is also applied, proving in respect to pure water, the enhanced ecographic signal generation of the aqueous solution containing ZnO-NH2 NCs when exposed to pulsed ultrasound. Furthermore, to evaluate the applicability of ZnO-NH2 NCs in the biomedical field, the ROS generation is studied by interposing different tissue mimicking materials, like phantoms and ex vivo tissues, between the US transducer and the sample well. As a whole, we clearly proof the enhanced capability to produce ROS and to control their amount when using ZnO-NH2 NCs in combination with pulsed ultrasound anticipating their applicability in the fields of biology and health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Vighetto
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Ancona
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Racca
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Tania Limongi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Adriano Troia
- Ultrasounds and Chemistry Lab, Advanced Metrology for Quality of Life, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Turin, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Canavese
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Cauda
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
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19
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Smith RM, Rai S, Kruzliak P, Hayes A, Zulli A. Putative Nox2 inhibitors worsen homocysteine-induced impaired acetylcholine-mediated relaxation. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:856-864. [PMID: 31272869 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Increased homocysteine (Hcy) is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Hcy increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) via NADPH oxidases (Nox), reducing acetylcholine-mediated vasorelaxation. We aimed to determine if putative Nox2 inhibitors prevent Hcy-impaired acetylcholine-mediated vasorelaxation. METHODS AND RESULTS New Zealand White rabbit and wild-type (C57BL/6) and Nox2-/- (NOX) mice aortic rings were mounted in organ baths. Rabbit rings were incubated with either apocynin (10 μM), gp91ds-tat (GP, 1 μM) or PhoxI2 (1 μM) and mice rings GP (1 μM) only. Some rabbit rings were incubated with 3 mM Hcy, before pre-contraction, followed by dose-response relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh; 0.01μM-10μM). In rabbit rings treated with Hcy and GP, O2‾ donor pyrogallol (1 μM) or Akt activator SC79 (1 μM) was added 5 min before ACh. Mice rings were used to compare Nox2 deletion to normal acetylcholine-mediated relaxation. In rabbits, Hcy reduced acetylcholine-mediated relaxation vs. control (p < 0.0001). Treatment + Hcy reduced relaxation compared with treatment alone (p < 0.0001). Pyrogallol and SC79 reversed the response of GP + Hcy (p = 0.0001). In mice, Nox2 deletion reduced acetylcholine-mediated vasorelaxation. Rabbit tissue analysis revealed that Hcy reduced eNOS phosphorylation at Thr495 and increased eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177; no further alteration at Thr495 was observed with GP. In contrast, GP prevented increased phosphorylation at Ser1177. CONCLUSIONS Apocynin, GP and PhoxI2 worsens acetylcholine-mediated vascular relaxation in rabbit aorta, which is supported by results from mouse Nox2 deletion data. These inhibitors worsen Hcy-induced vascular dysfunction, suggesting that current putative Nox2 inhibitors might not be useful in treating HHcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee M Smith
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Australia.
| | - Sudarshan Rai
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Australia.
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brothers of Mercy Hospital, Brno, Czechia; 2nd Department of Surgery, Center for Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia.
| | - Alan Hayes
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Australia.
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Australia.
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20
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Is there a role for autophagy in ascending aortopathy associated with tricuspid or bicuspid aortic valve? Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:805-819. [PMID: 30991346 DOI: 10.1042/cs20181092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved process by which cytoplasmatic elements are sequestered in vesicles and degraded after their fusion with lysosomes, thus recycling the precursor molecules. The autophagy-mediated removal of redundant/harmful/damaged organelles and biomolecules plays not only a replenishing function, but protects against stressful conditions through an adaptive mechanism. Autophagy, known to play a role in several pathological conditions, is now gaining increasing attention also in the perspective of the identification of the pathogenetic mechanisms at the basis of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA), a localized or diffused dilatation of the aorta with an abnormal widening greater than 50 percent of the vessel's normal diameter. TAA is less frequent than abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), but is encountered with a higher percentage in patients with congenital heart disease or known genetic syndromes. Several biological aspects of TAA pathophysiology remain to be elucitated and therapeutic needs are still widely unmet. One of the most controversial and epidemiologically important forms of TAA is that associated with the congenital bicuspid malformation of the aortic valve (BAV). Dysregulated autophagy in response, for example, to wall shear stress alterations, has been demonstrated to affect the phenotype of vascular cells relevant to aortopathy, with potential consequences on signaling, remodeling, and angiogenesis. The most recent findings and hypotheses concerning the multiple aspects of autophagy and of its dysregulation are summarized, both in general and in the context of the different vascular cell types and of TAA progression, with particular reference to BAV-related aortopathy.
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21
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Fels J, Kusche-Vihrog K. Endothelial Nanomechanics in the Context of Endothelial (Dys)function and Inflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:945-959. [PMID: 29433330 PMCID: PMC6354603 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Stiffness of endothelial cells is closely linked to the function of the vasculature as it regulates the release of vasoactive substances such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species. The outer layer of endothelial cells, consisting of the glycocalyx above and the cortical zone beneath the plasma membrane, is a vulnerable compartment able to adapt its nanomechanical properties to any changes of forces exerted by the adjacent blood stream. Sustained stiffening of this layer contributes to the development of endothelial dysfunction and vascular pathologies. Recent Advances: The development of specific techniques to quantify the mechanical properties of cells enables the detailed investigation of the mechanistic link between structure and function of cells. CRITICAL ISSUES Challenging the mechanical stiffness of cells, for instance, by inflammatory mediators can lead to the development of endothelial dysfunction. Prevention of sustained stiffening of the outer layer of endothelial cells in turn improves endothelial function. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The mechanical properties of cells can be used as critical marker and test system for the proper function of the vascular system. Pharmacological substances, which are able to improve endothelial nanomechanics and function, could take a new importance in the prevention and treatment of vascular diseases. Thus, detailed knowledge acquisition about the structure/function relationship of endothelial cells and the underlying signaling pathways should be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Fels
- Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Downregulation of G2/mitotic-specific cyclinB1 triggers autophagy via AMPK-ULK1-dependent signal pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:94. [PMID: 30700698 PMCID: PMC6353984 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CyclinB1 is a regulatory protein involved in mitosis. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that cyclinB1 depletion constrains proliferation and induces apoptosis in human tumor cells. The cells become susceptible to suffer a critical situation when cyclinB1 is downregulated. Autophagy is a major intracellular degradation system that recycles nutrients, removes damaged organelles, and promotes cell survival under stressful conditions, whereas the role of autophagy in cyclinB1-deprived neoplastic cell as well as the underlying molecular mechanism remains obscure. Here we pioneeringly elaborated that specific knockdown of cyclinB1 triggered autophagy via AMPK-ULK1-dependent signal pathway through the elevation of ROS, rather than ATP in the cell lines of CNE-1 and CNE-2. Moreover, ROS scavengers demonstrated that the observed effect of cyclinB1 silencing on AMPK phosphorylation was ROS dependent. Additionally, double knockdown of AMPK and cyclinB1 evidently abrogated cyclinB1 silencing-induced autophagy. Summarily, this study first revealed that downregulation of cyclinB1 induced autophagy via AMPK-ULK1-dependent signal pathway, which represents a key step toward unveiling the mechanism how cell cycle checkpoint proteins regulate autophagy.
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Anti-oxidation and anti-aging activity of polysaccharide from Malus micromalus Makino fruit wine. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 121:1203-1212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Awad MA, Aldosari SR, Abid MR. Genetic Alterations in Oxidant and Anti-Oxidant Enzymes in the Vascular System. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:107. [PMID: 30140678 PMCID: PMC6095034 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the prime causes of mortality worldwide. Experimental animal models have become a valuable tool to investigate and further advance our knowledge on etiology, pathophysiology and intervention. They also provide a great opportunity to understand the contribution of different genes and effector molecules in the pathogenesis and development of diseases at the sub-cellular levels. High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been associated with the progression of CVD such as ischemic heart disease (IHD), myocardial infarction, hypertension, atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection and others. On the contrary, low levels of antioxidants were associated with exacerbated cardiovascular event. Major focus of this review is on vascular pathogenesis that leads to CVD, with special emphasis on the roles of oxidant/antioxidant enzymes in health and disease progression in vascular cells including vascular endothelium. The major oxidant enzymes that have been implicated with the progression of CVD include NADPH Oxidase, nitric oxide synthase, monoamine oxidase, and xanthine oxidoreductase. The major antioxidant enzymes that have been attributed to normalizing the levels of oxidative stress include superoxide dismutases, catalase and glutathione peroxidases (GPx), and thioredoxin. Cardiovascular phenotypes of major oxidants and antioxidants knockout and transgenic animal models are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maan A Awad
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Sarah R Aldosari
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, United States
| | - M Ruhul Abid
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, United States
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25
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Oikonomou EK, Antoniades C. Immunometabolic Regulation of Vascular Redox State: The Role of Adipose Tissue. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:313-336. [PMID: 28657335 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Vascular oxidative stress plays a crucial role in atherogenesis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent evidence suggests that vascular redox state is under the control of complex pathophysiological mechanisms, ranging from inflammation to obesity and insulin resistance (IR). Recent Advances: Adipose tissue (AT) is now recognized as a dynamic endocrine and paracrine organ that secretes several bioactive molecules, called adipokines. AT has recently been shown to regulate vascular redox state in both an endocrine and a paracrine manner through the secretion of adipokines, therefore providing a mechanistic link for the association between obesity, IR, inflammation, and vascular disease. Importantly, AT behaves as a sensor of cardiovascular oxidative stress, modifying its secretory profile in response to cardiovascular oxidative injury. CRITICAL ISSUES The present article presents an up-to-date review of the association between AT and vascular oxidative stress. We focus on the effects of individual adipokines on modulating reactive oxygen species production and scavenging in the vascular wall. In addition, we highlight how inflammation, obesity, and IR alter the biology and secretome of AT leading to a more pro-oxidant phenotype with a particular focus on the local regulatory mechanisms of perivascular AT driven by vascular oxidation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The complex and dynamic biology of AT, as well as its importance in the regulation of vascular redox state, provides numerous opportunities for the development of novel, targeted treatments in the management of CVD. Therapeutic modulation of AT biology could improve vascular redox state affecting vascular disease pathogenesis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 313-336.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos K Oikonomou
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
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Yin S, Yang S, Pan X, Ma A, Ma J, Pei H, Dong Y, Li S, Li W, Bi X. MicroRNA‑155 promotes ox‑LDL‑induced autophagy in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2798-2806. [PMID: 30015881 PMCID: PMC6102700 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell autophagy has a protective role in inhibiting inflammation and preventing the development of atherosclerosis, which may be regulated by microRNA (miR)-155. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of autophagy in the development of atherosclerosis. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells model in vitro and using oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) stimulated cells to simulate the atherosclerosis. MiR-155 mimics, miR-155 inhibitors, and a negative control were respectively transfected in human umbilical vein endothelial cells to analyzed alterations in the expression of miR-155. It was demonstrated that overexpression of miR-155 promoted autophagic activity in oxidized low-density lipoprotein-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells, whereas inhibition of the expression of miR-155 reduced autophagic activity. Overexpression of miR-155 revealed that it regulated autophagy via the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt)/mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway (mTOR) signaling pathway. A luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-155 directly bound to the PI3K catalytic subunit a and Ras homolog enriched in brain 3′-untranslated region and inhibited its luciferase activity. Therefore, the results of the present study suggested that miR-155 promoted autophagy in vascular endothelial cells and that this may have occurred via targeting of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Thus, miR-155 may be considered as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Shaonan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Aijun Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Haotian Pei
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xinran Bi
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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Feng D, Zhang L, Ding F, Yang F, Ma W, Han Z, Hua B, Wang X, Yu Y, Huang Q, Lei L, Pan Z, Cai B. Blocking Nox2 improves mesenchymal stem cells therapy in myocardial infarction via antagonizing oxidant and promoting survival. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:7004-7015. [PMID: 29744879 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Feng
- Department of Pharmacy The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
- Shanxian Central Hospital Heze Shandong Province China
| | - Lai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
- Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Fengzhi Ding
- Department of Pharmacy The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
- Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
- Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Wenya Ma
- Department of Pharmacy The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
- Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Zhenbo Han
- Department of Pharmacy The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
- Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Bingjie Hua
- Department of Pharmacy The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
- Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Xiuxiu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
- Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacy The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
- Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Pharmacy The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
- Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Histology and Embryology Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Zhenwei Pan
- Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Benzhi Cai
- Department of Pharmacy The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
- Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, the Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Drug Research Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
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Subcellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7010014. [PMID: 29337890 PMCID: PMC5789324 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
There exist two opposing perspectives regarding reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their roles in angiogenesis and cardiovascular system, one that favors harmful and causal effects of ROS, while the other supports beneficial effects. Recent studies have shown that interaction between ROS in different sub-cellular compartments plays a crucial role in determining the outcomes (beneficial vs. deleterious) of ROS exposures on the vascular system. Oxidant radicals in one cellular organelle can affect the ROS content and function in other sub-cellular compartments in endothelial cells (ECs). In this review, we will focus on a critical fact that the effects or the final phenotypic outcome of ROS exposure to EC are tissue- or organ-specific, and depend on the spatial (subcellular localization) and temporal (duration of ROS exposure) modulation of ROS levels.
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Rabinovitch RC, Samborska B, Faubert B, Ma EH, Gravel SP, Andrzejewski S, Raissi TC, Pause A, St.-Pierre J, Jones RG. AMPK Maintains Cellular Metabolic Homeostasis through Regulation of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species. Cell Rep 2017; 21:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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31
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Zhou H, Fu B, Xu B, Mi X, Li G, Ma C, Xie J, Li J, Wang Z. Rosmarinic Acid Alleviates the Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in Rat Aortic Rings via Activation of AMPK. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7091904. [PMID: 28883905 PMCID: PMC5572610 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7091904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is the key player in the development and progression of vascular events. Oxidative stress is involved in endothelial injury. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural polyphenol with antioxidative, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study investigates the protective effect of RA on endothelial dysfunction induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Compared with endothelium-denuded aortic rings, the endothelium significantly alleviated the decrease of vasoconstrictive reactivity to PE and KCl induced by H2O2. H2O2 pretreatment significantly injured the vasodilative reactivity to ACh in endothelium-intact aortic rings in a concentration-dependent manner. RA individual pretreatment had no obvious effect on the vasoconstrictive reaction to PE and KCl, while its cotreatment obviously mitigated the endothelium-dependent relaxation impairments and the oxidative stress induced by H2O2. The RA cotreatment reversed the downregulation of AMPK and eNOS phosphorylation induced by H2O2 in HAEC cells. The pretreatment with the inhibitors of AMPK (compound C) and eNOS (L-NAME) wiped off RA's beneficial effects. All these results demonstrated that RA attenuated the endothelial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress by activating the AMPK/eNOS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Baocai Fu
- Intensive Care Unit, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264001, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiangquan Mi
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Gang Li
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Chengjun Ma
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jianxin Xie
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Ji Li
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
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32
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de Almeida AJPO, Ribeiro TP, de Medeiros IA. Aging: Molecular Pathways and Implications on the Cardiovascular System. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7941563. [PMID: 28874954 PMCID: PMC5569936 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7941563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The world's population over 60 years is growing rapidly, reaching 22% of the global population in the next decades. Despite the increase in global longevity, individual healthspan needs to follow this growth. Several diseases have their prevalence increased by age, such as cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding the aging biology mechanisms is fundamental to the pursuit of cardiovascular health. In this way, aging is characterized by a gradual decline in physiological functions, involving the increased number in senescent cells into the body. Several pathways lead to senescence, including oxidative stress and persistent inflammation, as well as energy failure such as mitochondrial dysfunction and deregulated autophagy, being ROS, AMPK, SIRTs, mTOR, IGF-1, and p53 key regulators of the metabolic control, connecting aging to the pathways which drive towards diseases. In addition, senescence can be induced by cellular replication, which resulted from telomere shortening. Taken together, it is possible to draw a common pathway unifying aging to cardiovascular diseases, and the central point of this process, senescence, can be the target for new therapies, which may result in the healthspan matching the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur José Pontes Oliveira de Almeida
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas/Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária-Campus I, Caixa Postal 5009, 58.051-970 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Thaís Porto Ribeiro
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas/Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária-Campus I, Caixa Postal 5009, 58.051-970 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Isac Almeida de Medeiros
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas/Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária-Campus I, Caixa Postal 5009, 58.051-970 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Xu Q, Huff LP, Fujii M, Griendling KK. Redox regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and its role in the vascular system. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:84-107. [PMID: 28285002 PMCID: PMC5497502 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is critical for form and function of vascular cells, serving mechanical, organizational and signaling roles. Because many cytoskeletal proteins are sensitive to reactive oxygen species, redox regulation has emerged as a pivotal modulator of the actin cytoskeleton and its associated proteins. Here, we summarize work implicating oxidants in altering actin cytoskeletal proteins and focus on how these alterations affect cell migration, proliferation and contraction of vascular cells. Finally, we discuss the role of oxidative modification of the actin cytoskeleton in vivo and highlight its importance for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308a WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lauren P Huff
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308a WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Masakazu Fujii
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308a WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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34
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Bubb KJ, Birgisdottir AB, Tang O, Hansen T, Figtree GA. Redox modification of caveolar proteins in the cardiovascular system- role in cellular signalling and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:61-74. [PMID: 28188926 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and coordinated release of a variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide (O2.-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and peroxynitrite, in specific microdomains, play a crucial role in cell signalling in the cardiovascular system. These reactions are mediated by reversible and functional modifications of a wide variety of key proteins. Dysregulation of this oxidative signalling occurs in almost all forms of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including at the very early phases. Despite the heavily publicized failure of "antioxidants" to improve CVD progression, pharmacotherapies such as those targeting the renin-angiotensin system, or statins, exert at least part of their large clinical benefit via modulating cellular redox signalling. Over 250 proteins, including receptors, ion channels and pumps, and signalling proteins are found in the caveolae. An increasing proportion of these are being recognized as redox regulated-proteins, that reside in the immediate vicinity of the two major cellular sources of ROS, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Nox) and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). This review focuses on what is known about redox signalling within the caveolae, as well as endogenous protective mechanisms utilized by the cell, and new approaches to targeting dysregulated redox signalling in the caveolae as a therapeutic strategy in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen J Bubb
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and Cardiology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Asa Birna Birgisdottir
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and Cardiology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart and Lung Clinic, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Owen Tang
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and Cardiology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and Cardiology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Gemma A Figtree
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and Cardiology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
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Schröder K, Weissmann N, Brandes RP. Organizers and activators: Cytosolic Nox proteins impacting on vascular function. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:22-32. [PMID: 28336130 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidases of the Nox family are important enzymatic sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cardiovascular system. Of the 7 members of the Nox family, at least three depend for their activation on specific cytosolic proteins. These are p47phox and its homologue NoxO1 and p67phox and its homologue NoxA1. Also the Rho-GTPase Rac is important but as this protein has many additional functions, it will not be covered here. The Nox1 enzyme is preferentially activated by the combination of NoxO1 with NoxA1, whereas Nox2 gains highest activity with p47phox together with p67phox. As p47phox, different to NoxO1 contains an auto inhibitory region it has to be phosphorylated prior to complex formation. In the cardio-vascular system, all cytosolic Nox proteins are expressed but the evidence for their contribution to ROS production is not well established. Most data have been collected for p47phox, whereas NoxA1 has basically not yet been studied. In this article the specific aspects of cytosolic Nox proteins in the cardiovascular system with respect to Nox activation, their expression and their importance will be reviewed. Finally, it will be discussed whether cytosolic Nox proteins are suitable pharmacological targets to tamper with vascular ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schröder
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Filar-Mierzwa K, Wójcik B, Marchewka A, Dąbrowski Z, Superata J, Wiśniowski Z. Effects of different rehabilitation models on erythrocyte deformability and nitrite plus nitrate as end-products of nitric oxide levels in elderly women. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17:2479-2484. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Marchewka
- Department of Clinical Rehabilitation; University of Physical Education; Krakow Poland
| | - Zbigniew Dąbrowski
- Department of Clinical Rehabilitation; University of Physical Education; Krakow Poland
| | - Jerzy Superata
- Department of Clinical Rehabilitation; University of Physical Education; Krakow Poland
| | - Zdzisław Wiśniowski
- Department of Bioinformatics and Telemedicine; Jagiellonian University Medical College; Krakow Poland
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Ruiz Lopez AM, Roche SL, Wyse Jackson AC, Moloney JN, Byrne AM, Cotter TG. Pro-survival redox signalling in progesterone-mediated retinal neuroprotection. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:1663-1672. [PMID: 28493650 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of hereditary retinal diseases, characterised by photoreceptor cell loss. Despite a substantial understanding of the mechanisms leading to cell death, an effective therapeutic strategy is sought. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated the neuroprotective properties of Norgestrel, a progesterone analogue, in the degenerating retina, mediated in part by the neurotrophic factor basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). In other retinal studies, we have also presented a pro-survival role for reactive oxygen species (ROS), downstream of bFGF. Thus, we hypothesized that Norgestrel utilises bFGF-driven ROS production to promote photoreceptor survival. Using the 661W photoreceptor-like cell line, we now show that Norgestrel, working through progesterone receptor membrane complex 1 (PGRMC1); generates an early burst of pro-survival bFGF-induced ROS. Using the rd10 mouse model of RP, we confirm that Norgestrel induces a similar early pro-survival increase in retinal ROS. Norgestrel-driven protection in the rd10 retina was attenuated in the presence of antioxidants. This study therefore presents an essential role for ROS signalling in Norgestrel-mediated neuroprotection in vitro and demonstrates that Norgestrel employs a similar pro-survival mechanism in the degenerating retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Ruiz Lopez
- Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarah L Roche
- Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alice C Wyse Jackson
- Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jennifer N Moloney
- Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ashleigh M Byrne
- Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomas G Cotter
- Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Forte M, Palmerio S, Yee D, Frati G, Sciarretta S. Functional Role of Nox4 in Autophagy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 982:307-326. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Non-invasive neuroimaging methods have been developed as powerful tools for identifying in vivo brain functions for studies in humans and animals. Here we review the imaging biomarkers that are being used to determine the changes within brain metabolic and vascular functions induced by caloric restriction (CR), and their potential usefulness for future studies with dietary interventions in humans. RECENT FINDINGS CR causes an early shift in brain metabolism of glucose to ketone bodies, and enhances ATP production, neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow (CBF). With age, CR preserves mitochondrial activity, neurotransmission, CBF, and spatial memory. CR also reduces anxiety in aging mice. Neuroimaging studies in humans show that CR restores abnormal brain activity in the amygdala of women with obesity and enhances brain connectivity in old adults. SUMMARY Neuroimaging methods have excellent translational values and can be widely applied in future studies to identify dietary effects on brain functions in humans.
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Ramadan A, Al-Omran M, Verma S. The putative role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Atherosclerosis 2017; 257:288-296. [PMID: 28139205 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are a significant cause of worldwide mortality and morbidity. While the histopathological characteristics of AAA are well documented, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of AAA are not entirely understood. Autophagy is a highly conserved basal cellular process in eukaryotic cells that involves the turnover of organelles and proteins. It is also activated as an adaptive response to stressful conditions to promote cell survival. While autophagy typically promotes pro-survival processes, it can sometimes lead to cellular demise. Preclinical studies have revealed autophagy to be a protective mechanism in certain vascular diseases with several autophagy-related genes reported to be markedly upregulated in human aneurysmal tissue. The role autophagy plays in the pathogenesis of AAA, however, remains poorly defined. In this review, we discuss the putative role of autophagy in AAA by reviewing several in vitro and in vivo studies that address the functional significance of autophagy in cells that are involved in the pathophysiology of AAA, amongst which are macrophages, smooth muscle and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Ramadan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Shafique E, Torina A, Reichert K, Colantuono B, Nur N, Zeeshan K, Ravichandran V, Liu Y, Feng J, Zeeshan K, Benjamin LE, Irani K, Harrington EO, Sellke FW, Abid MR. Mitochondrial redox plays a critical role in the paradoxical effects of NAPDH oxidase-derived ROS on coronary endothelium. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:234-246. [PMID: 28088753 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS There are conflicting reports on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) i.e. beneficial vs. harmful, in vascular endothelium. Here, we aim to examine whether duration of exposure to ROS and/or subcellular ROS levels are responsible for the apparently paradoxical effects of oxidants on endothelium. METHODS AND RESULTS We have recently generated binary (Tet-ON/OFF) conditional transgenic mice (Tet-Nox2:VE-Cad-tTA) that can induce 1.8 ± 0.42-fold increase in NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived ROS specifically in vascular endothelium upon withdrawal of tetracycline from the drinking water. Animals were divided in two groups: one exposed to high endogenous ROS levels for 8 weeks (short-term) and the other for 20 weeks (long-term). Using endothelial cells (EC) isolated from mouse hearts (MHEC), we demonstrate that both short-term and long-term increase in NOX-ROS induced AMPK-mediated activation of eNOS. Interestingly, although endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO)-mediated coronary vasodilation was significantly increased after short-term increase in NOX-ROS, coronary vasodilation was drastically reduced after long-term increase in ROS. We also show that short-term ROS increase induced proliferation in EC and angiogenic sprouting in the aorta. In contrast, long-term increase in cytosolic ROS resulted in nitrotyrosine-mediated inactivation of mitochondrial (mito) antioxidant MnSOD, increase in mito-ROS, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), decreased EC proliferation and angiogenesis. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that NOX-derived ROS results in increased mito-ROS. Whereas short-term increase in mito-ROS was counteracted by MnSOD, long-term increase in ROS resulted in nitrotyrosine-mediated inactivation of MnSOD, leading to unchecked increase in mito-ROS and loss of Δψm followed by inhibition of endothelial function and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Shafique
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Anali Torina
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Karla Reichert
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Bonnie Colantuono
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Nasifa Nur
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Khawaja Zeeshan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Vani Ravichandran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903, USA.,Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Jun Feng
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903, USA.,Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Khawaja Zeeshan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | | | - Kaikobad Irani
- University of Iowa Carver School of Medicine, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Elizabeth O Harrington
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.,Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903, USA.,Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Md Ruhul Abid
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903, USA; .,Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903, USA.,Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Hsu SW, Chang TC, Wu YK, Lin KT, Shi LS, Lee SY. Rhodiola crenulata extract counteracts the effect of hypobaric hypoxia in rat heart via redirection of the nitric oxide and arginase 1 pathway. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:29. [PMID: 28061780 PMCID: PMC5219729 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhodiola crenulata is traditionally used as a folk medicine in Tibet for preventing high-altitude illnesses, including sudden cardiac death (SCD). The cardio-protective effects of Rhodiola crenulata root extract (RCE) against hypoxia in vivo have been recently confirmed. However, the way in which RCE produces these effects remains unclear. The present study is designed to confirm the protective effects of RCE on the heart in acute hypobaric hypoxia exposure and examine the mechanisms by which this occurs. METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were pretreated with or without RCE and then exposed to a simulated altitude of 8000 m in a hypobaric hypoxia chamber for 9 h. The expression of cardiac arginase 1 (Arg-1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and the activity of associated signaling pathways was examined. RESULTS Hypoxia reduced cardiac eNOS phosphorylation and increased Arg-1 expression, but both responses were reversed by RCE pre-treatment. In addition, RCE decreased the hypoxia-induced oxidative stress markers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and protein carbonyl content. Furthermore, RCE protected cardiomyocytes from hypoxia-induced cardiac apoptosis and restored the phosphorylation level of AKT and p38 MAPK as well as the superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) content in hypoxic animals. CONCLUSION The findings provide evidence that the effects of Rhodiola crenulata against altitude illness are partially mediated by modulation of eNOS and Arg-1 pathways in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Hsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Chung Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kuan Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Tze Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Shian Shi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Lee
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, P.O. Box 90048-514, Nei-Hu 114, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Chan KC, Yu MH, Lin MC, Huang CN, Chung DJ, Lee YJ, Wu CH, Wang CJ. Pleiotropic effects of acarbose on atherosclerosis development in rabbits are mediated via upregulating AMPK signals. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38642. [PMID: 27924924 PMCID: PMC5141573 DOI: 10.1038/srep38642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acarbose, an α-glucosidase inhibitor, is reported to reduce the incidence of silent myocardial infarction and slow the progression of intima-media thickening in patients with glucose intolerance. Here we investigate other impacts of acarbose on atherosclerosis development and the underlying mechanisms of atherosclerosis initiation and progression in vivo and in vitro. Rabbits fed a high cholesterol diet (HCD) were treated with acarbose (2.5-5.0 mg kg-1). Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Ras, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), IL-6, β-galactosidase, and p-AMPK in atherosclerotic lesions. Treatment with acarbose in HCD-fed rabbits was found to significantly reduce the severity of aortic atheroma and neointimal expression of α-actin, PCNA, IL-6, TNF-α, Ras, and β-galactosidase; to significantly increase expression of iNOS and p-AMPK, but not to affect serum levels of glucose, total cholesterol, and LDL. Western blot analysis showed acarbose dose-dependently decreased β-galactosidase and Ras expression and increased p-AMPK expression in TNF-α-treated A7r5 cells. In addition, acarbose restored p-AMPK and iNOS levels in AMPK inhibitor- and iNOS inhibitor-treated A7r5 cells, respectively. In conclusion, acarbose can pleiotropically inhibit rabbit atherosclerosis by reducing inflammation, senescence, and VSMCs proliferation/migration via upregulating AMPK signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Chuan Chan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsun Yu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Dai-Jung Chung
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Lee
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Wu
- Department of Anatomy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
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Tseng WL, Chou SJ, Chiang HC, Wang ML, Chien CS, Chen KH, Leu HB, Wang CY, Chang YL, Liu YY, Jong YJ, Lin SZ, Chiou SH, Lin SJ, Yu WC. Imbalanced Production of Reactive Oxygen Species and Mitochondrial Antioxidant SOD2 in Fabry Disease-Specific Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Differentiated Vascular Endothelial Cells. Cell Transplant 2016; 26:513-527. [PMID: 27938475 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x694265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked inherited lysosomal storage disease caused by α-galactosidase A (GLA) deficiency. Progressive intracellular accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) is considered to be pathogenically responsible for the phenotype variability of FD that causes cardiovascular dysfunction; however, molecular mechanisms underlying the impairment of FD-associated cardiovascular tissues remain unclear. In this study, we reprogrammed human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from peripheral blood cells of patients with FD (FD-iPSCs); subsequently differentiated them into vascular endothelial-like cells (FD-ECs) expressing CD31, VE-cadherin, and vWF; and investigated their ability to form vascular tube-like structures. FD-ECs recapitulated the FD pathophysiological phenotype exhibiting intracellular Gb3 accumulation under a transmission electron microscope. Moreover, compared with healthy control iPSC-derived endothelial cells (NC-ECs), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production considerably increased in FD-ECs. Microarray analysis was performed to explore the possible mechanism underlying Gb3 accumulation-induced ROS production in FD-ECs. Our results revealed that superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), a mitochondrial antioxidant, was significantly downregulated in FD-ECs. Compared with NC-ECs, AMPK activity was significantly enhanced in FD-ECs. Furthermore, to investigate the role of Gb3 in these effects, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with Gb3. After Gb3 treatment, we observed that SOD2 expression was suppressed and AMPK activity was enhanced in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, our results indicate that excess accumulation of Gb3 suppressed SOD2 expression, increased ROS production, enhanced AMPK activation, and finally caused vascular endothelial dysfunction. Our findings suggest that dysregulated mitochondrial ROS may be a potential target for treating FD.
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Potz BA, Sabe AA, Elmadhun NY, Clements RT, Abid MR, Sodha NR, Sellke FW. Calpain inhibition modulates glycogen synthase kinase 3β pathways in ischemic myocardium: A proteomic and mechanistic analysis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 153:342-357. [PMID: 27986275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calpain inhibition has an enhancing effect on myocardial perfusion and improves myocardial density by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and up-regulating downstream signaling pathways, including the insulin/PI3K and WNT/β-catenin pathways, in a pig model of chronic myocardial ischemia in the setting of metabolic syndrome. METHODS Pigs were fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks, then underwent placement of an ameroid constrictor to the left circumflex artery. Three weeks later, the animals received no drug (high-cholesterol controls [HCC]), a high-dose calpain inhibitor (HCI), a low-dose calpain inhibitor (LCI), or a GSK-3β inhibitor (GSK-3βI). The diets and drug regimens were continued for 5 weeks and the myocardial tissue was harvested. RESULTS Calpain and GSK-3β inhibition caused an increase in myocardial perfusion ratios at rest and during pacing compared with controls. Pigs in the LCI and HCI groups had increased vessel density in the ischemic myocardium, and pigs in the GSK-3βI group had increased vessel density in the ischemic and nonischemic myocardium compared with the HCC group. Calpain inhibition modulates proteins involved in the insulin/PI3K and WNT/β-catenin pathways. Quantitative proteomics revealed that calpain and GSK-3β inhibition significantly modulated the expression of proteins enriched in cytoskeletal regulation, metabolism, respiration, and calcium-binding pathways. CONCLUSIONS In the setting of metabolic syndrome, calpain or GSK-3β inhibition increases vessel density in both ischemic and nonischemic myocardial tissue. Calpain inhibition may exert these effects through the inhibition of GSK-3β and up-regulation of downstream signaling pathways, including the insulin/PI3K and WNT/β-catenin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Potz
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Ashraf A Sabe
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Nassrene Y Elmadhun
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Richard T Clements
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - M Ruhul Abid
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Neel R Sodha
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.
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Smith RM, Kruzliak P, Adamcikova Z, Zulli A. Role of Nox inhibitors plumbagin, ML090 and gp91ds-tat peptide on homocysteine thiolactone induced blood vessel dysfunction. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 42:860-4. [PMID: 25998981 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants have not reduced the burden of cardiovascular disease, and current evidence suggests a beneficial role of oxidative stress, via NADPH oxidase (Nox) upregulation, in endothelial function. Homocysteine thiolactone (HcyT) induces blood vessel dysfunction and this correlates with increased vascular oxidative stress. This study aimed to determine if pharmacological inhibition of Nox could impair HcyT induced blood vessel dysfunction. Abdominal aorta were excised from New Zealand White rabbits (n = 6), cut into rings and sequentially mounted in organ baths. Rings were preincubated with 0.55 μmol/L homocysteine thiolactone for 1 h, or combinations of putative Nox inhibitors (plumbagin for Nox4, gp91ds-tat for Nox2, and ML090 for Nox1), 30 min prior to the addition of HcyT, followed by a dose response curve to acetylcholine on phenylephrine preconstricted rings. Plumbagin, ML090 + gp91ds-tat and HcyT reduced responses to acetylcholine, and Plumbagin + Hcyt caused constriction to acetylcholine, which was normalised to plumbagin by ML090. Plumbagin + ML090 or plumbagin + gp91ds-tat completely impaired the effect of acetylcholine. ML090 inhibited the effect of HcyT on reduced response to acetylcholine, whereas gp91ds-tat had no effect. This study concludes that inhibition of Nox1 prevents, whereas inhibition of Nox4 worsens, acetylcholine induced blood vessel relaxation caused by HcyT, while Nox2 inhibition has no effect. However combinations of Nox inhibitors worsen acetylcholine induced blood vessel relaxation. These results suggest that there is cross-talk between Nox isoforms during physiological and pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee M Smith
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, Western CHRE, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, St Albans, Vic., Australia
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Adamcikova
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, Western CHRE, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, St Albans, Vic., Australia
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Li C, Reif MM, Craige SM, Kant S, Keaney JF. Endothelial AMPK activation induces mitochondrial biogenesis and stress adaptation via eNOS-dependent mTORC1 signaling. Nitric Oxide 2016; 55-56:45-53. [PMID: 26989010 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic stress sensors like AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are known to confer stress adaptation and promote longevity in lower organisms. This study demonstrates that activating the metabolic stress sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in endothelial cells helps maintain normal cellular function by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and stress adaptation. To better define the mechanisms whereby AMPK promotes endothelial stress resistance, we used 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) to chronically activate AMPK and observed stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in wild type mouse endothelium, but not in endothelium from endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout (eNOS-null) mice. Interestingly, AICAR-enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis was blocked by pretreatment with the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitor, rapamycin. Further, AICAR stimulated mTORC1 as determined by phosphorylation of its known downstream effectors in wild type, but not eNOS-null, endothelial cells. Together these data indicate that eNOS is needed to couple AMPK activation to mTORC1 and thus promote mitochondrial biogenesis and stress adaptation in the endothelium. These data suggest a novel mechanism for mTORC1 activation that is significant for investigations in vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Michaella M Reif
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Siobhan M Craige
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Shashi Kant
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
| | - John F Keaney
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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Potz BA, Sellke FW, Abid MR. Endothelial ROS and Impaired Myocardial Oxygen Consumption in Sepsis-induced Cardiac Dysfunction. JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE AND CRITICAL CARE 2016; 2:20. [PMID: 27135058 PMCID: PMC4847432 DOI: 10.21767/2471-8505.100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is known as the presence of a Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) in response to an infection. In the USA alone, 750,000 cases of severe sepsis are diagnosed annually. More than 70% of sepsis-related deaths occur due to organ failure and more than 50% of septic patients demonstrate cardiac dysfunction. Patients with sepsis who develop cardiac dysfunction have significantly higher mortality, and thus cardiac dysfunction serves as a predictor of survival in sepsis. We have very little understanding about the mechanisms that result in cardiac dysfunction in the setting of sepsis. At present, the factors involved in sepsis-related cardiac dysfunction are believed to include the following: persistent inflammatory changes in the vascular endothelium and endocardium leading to circulatory and micro vascular changes, increase in endothelial reactive oxygen species (ROS), abnormal endothelium-leukocyte interaction resulting in a feed-forward loop for inflammatory cytokines and ROS, contractile dysfunction of the heart due to autonomic dysregulation, metabolic changes in myocardium leading to impaired oxygen delivery and increased oxygen consumption, mitochondrial dysfunction, and persistent inflammatory signaling. In this review article, we will briefly discuss the clinical challenges and our current understanding of cardiac dysfunction in sepsis. Major focus will be on the pathological changes that occur in vascular endothelium, with an emphasis on endocardium, and how endothelial ROS, impaired endothelium-leukocyte interaction, and microcirculatory changes lead to cardiac dysfunction in sepsis. The importance of the ongoing quest for the clinical biomarkers for cardiac dysfunction will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Potz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, USA
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, USA
| | - M Ruhul Abid
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, USA
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Baranyai T, Nagy CT, Koncsos G, Onódi Z, Károlyi-Szabó M, Makkos A, Varga ZV, Ferdinandy P, Giricz Z. Acute hyperglycemia abolishes cardioprotection by remote ischemic perconditioning. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:151. [PMID: 26581389 PMCID: PMC4652385 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPerC) has a promising therapeutic insight to improve the prognosis of acute myocardial infarction. Chronic comorbidities such as diabetes are known to interfere with conditioning interventions by modulating cardioprotective signaling pathways, such as e.g., mTOR pathway and autophagy. However, the effect of acute hyperglycemia on RIPerC has not been studied so far. Therefore, here we investigated the effect of acute hyperglycemia on cardioprotection by RIPerC. Methods Wistar rats were divided into normoglycemic (NG) and acute hyperglycemic (AHG) groups. Acute hyperglycemia was induced by glucose infusion to maintain a serum glucose concentration of 15–20 mM throughout the experimental protocol. NG rats received mannitol infusion of an equal osmolarity. Both groups were subdivided into an ischemic (Isch) and a RIPerC group. Each group underwent reversible occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) for 40 min in the presence or absence of acute hyperglycemia. After the 10-min LAD occlusion, RIPerC was induced by 3 cycles of 5-min unilateral femoral artery and vein occlusion and 5-min reperfusion. After 120 min of reperfusion, infarct size was measured by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. To study underlying signaling mechanisms, hearts were harvested for immunoblotting after 35 min in both the NG and AHG groups. Results Infarct size was significantly reduced by RIPerC in NG, but not in the AHG group (NG + Isch: 46.27 ± 5.31 % vs. NG + RIPerC: 24.65 ± 7.45 %, p < 0.05; AHG + Isch: 54.19 ± 4.07 % vs. 52.76 ± 3.80 %). Acute hyperglycemia per se did not influence infarct size, but significantly increased the incidence and duration of arrhythmias. Acute hyperglycemia activated mechanistic target of rapamycine (mTOR) pathway, as it significantly increased the phosphorylation of mTOR and S6 proteins and the phosphorylation of AKT. In spite of a decreased LC3II/LC3I ratio, other markers of autophagy, such as ATG7, ULK1 phopsphorylation, Beclin 1 and SQSTM1/p62, were not modulated by acute hyperglycemia. Furthermore, acute hyperglycemia significantly elevated nitrative stress in the heart (0.87 ± 0.01 vs. 0.50 ± 0.04 µg 3-nitrotyrosine/mg protein, p < 0.05). Conclusions This is the first demonstration that acute hypreglycemia deteriorates cardioprotection by RIPerC. The mechanism of this phenomenon may involve an acute hyperglycemia-induced increase in nitrative stress and activation of the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Baranyai
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
| | - Csilla Terézia Nagy
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Koncsos
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
| | - Zsófia Onódi
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
| | - Melinda Károlyi-Szabó
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
| | - András Makkos
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary. .,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary. .,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary.
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Abstract
Despite many advances in percutaneous and surgical interventions in the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), up to one-third of patients are still either not candidates or receive suboptimal revascularization. Calpains are a class of calcium-activated non-lysosomal cysteine proteases that serve as a proteolytic unit for cellular homeostasis. Uncontrolled activation of calpain has been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of myocardial reperfusion injury, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial stunning and cardiac ischemia. Inhibition of calpains has been shown to significantly attenuate myocardial stunning and reduced infarct size after ischemia-reperfusion. Calpain inhibition therefore serves as a potential medical therapy for patients suffering from a number of diseases, including CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Potz
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School Brown University
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