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Peña-Bautista C, Álvarez-Sánchez L, García-Lluch G, Raga L, Quevedo P, Peretó M, Balaguer A, Baquero M, Cháfer-Pericás C. Relationship between Plasma Lipid Profile and Cognitive Status in Early Alzheimer Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5317. [PMID: 38791355 PMCID: PMC11120743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a heterogeneous and complex disease in which different pathophysiological mechanisms are involved. This heterogenicity can be reflected in different atrophy patterns or clinical manifestations. Regarding biochemical pathways involved in early AD, lipid metabolism plays an important role; therefore, lipid levels have been evaluated as potential AD diagnosis biomarkers, and their levels could be related to different AD clinical manifestations. Therefore, the aim of this work is to study AD lipid profiles from early AD patients and evaluate their clinical significance. For this purpose, untargeted plasma lipidomic analysis was carried out in early AD patients (n = 31) diagnosed with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. Cluster analysis was carried out to define early AD subgroups according to the lipid levels. Then, the clinical significance of each lipid profile subgroup was studied, analyzing differences for other variables (cognitive status, CSF biomarkers, medication, comorbidities, age, and gender). The cluster analysis revealed two different groups of AD patients. Cluster 1 showed higher levels of plasma lipids and better cognitive status than Cluster 2. However, no differences were found for the other variables (age, gender, medication, comorbidities, cholesterol, and triglycerides levels) between both groups. Plasma lipid levels could differentiate two early AD subgroups, which showed different cognitive statuses. However, further research with a large cohort and longitudinal study evaluating the clinical evolution of these patients is required. In general, it would involve a relevant advance in the knowledge of AD pathological mechanisms, potential treatments, and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Peña-Bautista
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.P.-B.); (L.Á.-S.); (G.G.-L.); (L.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Lourdes Álvarez-Sánchez
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.P.-B.); (L.Á.-S.); (G.G.-L.); (L.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Gemma García-Lluch
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.P.-B.); (L.Á.-S.); (G.G.-L.); (L.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Luis Raga
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.P.-B.); (L.Á.-S.); (G.G.-L.); (L.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Paola Quevedo
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.P.-B.); (L.Á.-S.); (G.G.-L.); (L.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Mar Peretó
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.P.-B.); (L.Á.-S.); (G.G.-L.); (L.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Angel Balaguer
- Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;
| | - Miguel Baquero
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.P.-B.); (L.Á.-S.); (G.G.-L.); (L.R.); (M.P.)
- Division of Neurology, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Cháfer-Pericás
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.P.-B.); (L.Á.-S.); (G.G.-L.); (L.R.); (M.P.)
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2
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Asadi MR, Gharesouran J, Sabaie H, Zaboli Mahdiabadi M, Mazhari SA, Sharifi-Bonab M, Shirvani-Farsani Z, Taheri M, Sayad A, Rezazadeh M. Neurotrophin growth factors and their receptors as promising blood biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: a gene expression analysis study. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:49. [PMID: 38165481 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08959-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifaceted neurological ailment affecting more than 50 million individuals globally, distinguished by a deterioration in memory and cognitive abilities. Investigating neurotrophin growth factors could offer significant contributions to understanding AD progression and prospective therapeutic interventions. METHODS AND RESULTS The present investigation collected blood samples from 50 patients diagnosed with AD and 50 healthy individuals serving as controls. The mRNA expression levels of neurotrophin growth factors and their receptors were measured using quantitative PCR. A Bayesian regression model was used in the research to assess the relationship between gene expression levels and demographic characteristics such as age and gender. The correlations between variables were analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficients, and the diagnostic potential was assessed using a Receiver Operating Characteristic curve. NTRK2, TrkA, TrkC, and BDNF expression levels were found to be considerably lower (p-value < 0.05) in the blood samples of AD patients compared to the control group. The expression of BDNF exhibited the most substantial decrease in comparison to other neurotrophin growth factors. Correlation analysis indicates a statistically significant positive association between the genes. The ROC analysis showed that BDNF exhibited the greatest Area Under the Curve (AUC) value of 0.76, accompanied by a sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 66%. TrkC, TrkA, and NTRK2 demonstrated considerable diagnostic potential in distinguishing between cases and controls. CONCLUSION The observed decrease in the expression levels of NTRK2, TrkA, TrkC, and BDNF in AD patients, along with the identified associations between specific genes and their diagnostic capacity, indicate that these expressions have the potential to function as biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Asadi
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalal Gharesouran
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hani Sabaie
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Mirmohsen Sharifi-Bonab
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Shirvani-Farsani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arezou Sayad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Rezazadeh
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Ito T, Degawa T, Okumura N. Brazilian green propolis prevent Alzheimer's disease-like cognitive impairment induced by amyloid beta in mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:416. [PMID: 37978479 PMCID: PMC10656927 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing incidence of cognitive impairment has become a health problem in the aging society. Owing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, Brazilian green propolis-derived from Baccharis dracunculifolia-is anticipated to possess anticognitive properties. However, the preventive effect of Brazilian green propolis on cognitive impairment remains unexplained. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Brazilian green propolis on cognitive impairment using a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced by intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid beta (Aβ)25‒35. METHODS Five-week-old male Slc:ddY mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8). The groups were pretreated with vehicle and propolis at a dose of 100, 300 and 900 mg/kg body weight for 8 days, then AD-like phenotypes were induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Aβ25‒35. A sham operation group was set as the control. Memory and learning ability were measured at 7 to 8 days after ICV injection. Gene expression and histological studies were performed at the endpoint of the study. RESULTS In a passive avoidance test, the administration of Brazilian green propolis prevented the impairment of learning and memory function. Furthermore, comprehensive gene expression analysis in the hippocampus and forebrain cortex revealed that Brazilian green propolis suppressed Aβ25-35-induced inflammatory and immune responses. In particular, Brazilian green propolis prevented alterations in gene expressions of microglial and astrocytic markers such as Trem2 and Lcn2 induced by Aβ25‒35 injection, suggesting the suppression of excessive activation of glial cells in the brain. In addition, Brazilian green propolis suppressed the elevation of plasma interleukin (IL)-6 levels induced by Aβ25‒35 injection. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the prophylactic administration of Brazilian green propolis has a preventive effect against AD by suppressing excessive inflammation and immune response in glial cells. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that Brazilian green propolis may inhibit the hyperactivation of microglia and astrocytes as a mechanism of action to prevent AD. Thus, it is a promising ingredient for preventing AD-type dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ito
- Institute for Bee Products & Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomomi Degawa
- Institute for Bee Products & Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Okumura
- Institute for Bee Products & Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc, Okayama, Japan.
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Zhang K, Han Y, Gu F, Gu Z, Zhao J, Chen J, Chen B, Gao M, Hou Z, Yu X, Cai T, Gao Y, Hu R, Xie J, Liu T. Association between dietary zinc intake and Helicobacter pylori seropositivity in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1243908. [PMID: 37810930 PMCID: PMC10551451 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1243908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Helicobacter pylori infection is a well-established etiological factor for gastric inflammation and a significant risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. However, the precise relationship between dietary zinc intake and seropositivity for Helicobacter pylori remains uncertain. Methods This cross-sectional observational study utilized data from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 1999 and 2000. The study cohort comprised 2,884 adults aged 20 years or older who provided comprehensive 24-h dietary recall data. The presence of Helicobacter pylori infection was confirmed using serum analysis and lgG protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Multivariable logistic regression models and generalized additive model (GAM) were employed to explore the potential association between dietary zinc intake and Helicobacter pylori seropositivity. Results Additionally, subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate the robustness of the primary findings. Of the 1,281 participants, 47.8% were male and the average age was 49.5 years. In the fully adjusted model, a statistically significant inverse association between dietary zinc intake and Helicobacter pylori seropositivity was observed [quartile variable, Q4 vs. Q1, odds ratio (OR): 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57-0.91, p = 0.007]. Furthermore, the relationship between dietary zinc intake and Helicobacter pylori seropositivity exhibited an L-shaped pattern, indicating a saturation effect. The results of sensitivity analysis remained consistent and reliable. Conclusion Therefore, this study suggests that higher dietary zinc intake may be associated with a lower prevalence of Helicobacter pylori seropositivity. Notably, this association follows an L-shaped pattern, with a threshold point estimated at 24.925 mg/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fangming Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhaoxuan Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - JiaYu Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- Bethune First College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bowen Chen
- Bethune First College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengyan Hou
- Bethune Second School of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- Bethune Second School of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyi Cai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yafang Gao
- Bethune Second School of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Bethune Third College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinyu Xie
- Bethune Second School of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianzhou Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Zhang X, Liu CT. Information-incorporated sparse convex clustering for disease subtyping. Bioinformatics 2023; 39:btad417. [PMID: 37382570 PMCID: PMC10329496 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btad417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Heterogeneity in human diseases presents clinical challenges in accurate disease characterization and treatment. Recently available high throughput multi-omics data may offer a great opportunity to explore the underlying mechanisms of diseases and improve disease heterogeneity assessment throughout the treatment course. In addition, increasingly accumulated data from existing literature may be informative about disease subtyping. However, the existing clustering procedures, such as Sparse Convex Clustering (SCC), cannot directly utilize the prior information even though SCC produces stable clusters. RESULTS We develop a clustering procedure, information-incorporated Sparse Convex Clustering, to respond to the need for disease subtyping in precision medicine. Utilizing the text mining approach, the proposed method leverages the existing information from previously published studies through a group lasso penalty to improve disease subtyping and biomarker identification. The proposed method allows taking heterogeneous information, such as multi-omics data. We conduct simulation studies under several scenarios with various accuracy of the prior information to evaluate the performance of our method. The proposed method outperforms other clustering methods, such as SCC, K-means, Sparse K-means, iCluster+, and Bayesian Consensus Clustering. In addition, the proposed method generates more accurate disease subtypes and identifies important biomarkers for future studies in real data analysis of breast and lung cancer-related omics data. In conclusion, we present an information-incorporated clustering procedure that allows coherent pattern discovery and feature selection. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The code is available upon request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, United States
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Shigemizu D, Akiyama S, Suganuma M, Furutani M, Yamakawa A, Nakano Y, Ozaki K, Niida S. Classification and deep-learning-based prediction of Alzheimer disease subtypes by using genomic data. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:232. [PMID: 37386009 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is the most common multifactorial neurodegenerative disease among elderly people. LOAD is heterogeneous, and the symptoms vary among patients. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic risk factors for LOAD but not for LOAD subtypes. Here, we examined the genetic architecture of LOAD based on Japanese GWAS data from 1947 patients and 2192 cognitively normal controls in a discovery cohort and 847 patients and 2298 controls in an independent validation cohort. Two distinct groups of LOAD patients were identified. One was characterized by major risk genes for developing LOAD (APOC1 and APOC1P1) and immune-related genes (RELB and CBLC). The other was characterized by genes associated with kidney disorders (AXDND1, FBP1, and MIR2278). Subsequent analysis of albumin and hemoglobin values from routine blood test results suggested that impaired kidney function could lead to LOAD pathogenesis. We developed a prediction model for LOAD subtypes using a deep neural network, which achieved an accuracy of 0.694 (2870/4137) in the discovery cohort and 0.687 (2162/3145) in the validation cohort. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Shigemizu
- Medical Genome Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Akiyama
- Medical Genome Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Suganuma
- Medical Genome Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Motoki Furutani
- Medical Genome Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamakawa
- Medical Genome Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kouichi Ozaki
- Medical Genome Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shumpei Niida
- Core Facility Administration, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
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Yoon JH, Hwang J, Son SU, Choi J, You SW, Park H, Cha SY, Maeng S. How Can Insulin Resistance Cause Alzheimer's Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043506. [PMID: 36834911 PMCID: PMC9966425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with cognitive decline. Despite worldwide efforts to find a cure, no proper treatment has been developed yet, and the only effective countermeasure is to prevent the disease progression by early diagnosis. The reason why new drug candidates fail to show therapeutic effects in clinical studies may be due to misunderstanding the cause of AD. Regarding the cause of AD, the most widely known is the amyloid cascade hypothesis, in which the deposition of amyloid beta and hyperphosphorylated tau is the cause. However, many new hypotheses were suggested. Among them, based on preclinical and clinical evidence supporting a connection between AD and diabetes, insulin resistance has been pointed out as an important factor in the development of AD. Therefore, by reviewing the pathophysiological background of brain metabolic insufficiency and insulin insufficiency leading to AD pathology, we will discuss how can insulin resistance cause AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Yoon
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - JooHyun Hwang
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Un Son
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyuk Choi
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Won You
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Park
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Health Park Co., Ltd., Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yun Cha
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.C.); (S.M.); Tel.: +82-31-201-2916 (S.M.)
| | - Sungho Maeng
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.C.); (S.M.); Tel.: +82-31-201-2916 (S.M.)
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Sandison H, Callan NG, Rao RV, Phipps J, Bradley R. Observed Improvement in Cognition During a Personalized Lifestyle Intervention in People with Cognitive Decline. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:993-1004. [PMID: 37355891 PMCID: PMC10473097 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic condition marked by progressive objective cognitive impairment (OCI). No monotherapy has substantially altered disease progression, suggesting the disease is multifactorial and may require a multimodal therapeutic approach. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine if cognitive function in a sample with OCI would change in response to a multimodal, individualized care plan based on potential contributors to cognitive decline (e.g., nutritional status, infection, etc.). METHODS Participants (n = 34) were recruited from the San Diego, CA area. The multimodal intervention included lifestyle changes (i.e., movement, diet, and stress management), nutraceutical support, and medications. It was delivered pragmatically over four clinical visits, and outcome measures were gathered at four study visits, occurring at baseline, one, three, and six months (primary endpoint). Study participants received weekly phone calls for nutrition support throughout study participation. Outcome measures included the Cambridge Brain Sciences (CBS) battery, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). RESULTS At 6 months, mean MoCA scores improved from 19.6±3.1 to 21.7±6.2 (p = 0.013). Significant improvement was observed in mean scores of the CBS memory domain [25.2 (SD 23.3) to 35.8 (SD 26.9); p < 0.01] and CBS overall composite cognition score [24.5 (SD 16.1) to 29.7 (SD 20.5); p = 0.02]. All CBS domains improved. CONCLUSION Multiple measures of cognitive function improved after six months of intervention. Our results support the feasibility and impact of a multimodal, individualized treatment approach to OCI, warranting further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nini G.L. Callan
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - John Phipps
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ryan Bradley
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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9
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Bredesen DE, Toups K, Hathaway A, Gordon D, Chung H, Raji C, Boyd A, Hill BD, Hausman-Cohen S, Attarha M, Chwa WJ, Kurakin A, Jarrett M. Precision Medicine Approach to Alzheimer's Disease: Rationale and Implications. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:429-437. [PMID: 37807782 PMCID: PMC10741308 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The neurodegenerative disease field has enjoyed extremely limited success in the development of effective therapeutics. One potential reason is the lack of disease models that yield accurate predictions and optimal therapeutic targets. Standard clinical trials have pre-determined a single treatment modality, which may be unrelated to the primary drivers of neurodegeneration. Recent proof-of-concept clinical trials using a precision medicine approach suggest a new model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a chronic innate encephalitis that creates a network insufficiency. Identifying and addressing the multiple potential contributors to cognitive decline for each patient may represent a more effective strategy. Here we review the rationale for a precision medicine approach in prevention and treatment of cognitive decline associated with AD. Results and implications from recent proof-of-concept clinical trials are presented. Randomized controlled trials, with much larger patient numbers, are likely to be significant to establishing precision medicine protocols as a standard of care for prevention and treatment of cognitive decline. Furthermore, combining this approach with the pharmaceutical approach offers the potential for enhanced outcomes. However, incorporating precision medicine approaches into everyday evaluation and care, as well as future clinical trials, would require fundamental changes in trial design, IRB considerations, funding considerations, laboratory evaluation, personalized treatment plans, treatment teams, and ultimately in reimbursement guidelines. Nonetheless, precision medicine approaches to AD, based on a novel model of AD pathophysiology, offer promise that has not been realized to date with monotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale E. Bredesen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kat Toups
- Bay Area Wellness, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Cyrus Raji
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alan Boyd
- CNS Vital Signs, Morrisville, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Hill
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | | | | | - Won Jong Chwa
- Department of Radiology, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexei Kurakin
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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10
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Evans AK, Defensor E, Shamloo M. Selective Vulnerability of the Locus Coeruleus Noradrenergic System and its Role in Modulation of Neuroinflammation, Cognition, and Neurodegeneration. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1030609. [PMID: 36532725 PMCID: PMC9748190 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1030609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic (NE) neurons supply the main adrenergic input to the forebrain. NE is a dual modulator of cognition and neuroinflammation. NE neurons of the LC are particularly vulnerable to degeneration both with normal aging and in neurodegenerative disorders. Consequences of this vulnerability can be observed in both cognitive impairment and dysregulation of neuroinflammation. LC NE neurons are pacemaker neurons that are active during waking and arousal and are responsive to stressors in the environment. Chronic overactivation is thought to be a major contributor to the vulnerability of these neurons. Here we review what is known about the mechanisms underlying this neuronal vulnerability and combinations of environmental and genetic factors that contribute to confer risk to these important brainstem neuromodulatory and immunomodulatory neurons. Finally, we discuss proposed and potential interventions that may reduce the overall risk for LC NE neuronal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K. Evans
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Mehrdad Shamloo
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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11
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Karaoglan M, Voegeli D. Is vitamin D supplementation of potential benefit for community-living people with Alzheimer's disease? BRITISH JOURNAL OF NURSING (MARK ALLEN PUBLISHING) 2022; 31:S12-S19. [PMID: 36416632 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2022.31.21.s12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D is associated not only with effects on calcium and bone metabolisms but also with many chronic diseases. Low vitamin D levels in patients with Alzheimer's disease have been widely reported in the literature. AIM The purpose of this study was to critically review the potential benefit of vitamin D supplementation in individuals with Alzheimer's disease living in the community. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library for papers published 2011-2018. RESULTS Seven papers were selected, consisting of one clinical trial, five cohort studies and one systematic review. Studies showed an association only between vitamin D deficiency and lower attention in older people. None of the reviewed studies provided evidence of a positive impact of vitamin D supplementation on cognitive function in older people with Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSION There was no evidence that vitamin D supplementation has a direct benefit for Alzheimer's disease. The review synthesised the existing body of knowledge and concluded that optimum levels of vitamin D (neither too low nor too high) do appear to have positive effects on patient outcomes and quality of life. It is still unclear why vitamin D intake is inadequate as people age. Further research is needed to clarify vitamin-D-related aspects of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Karaoglan
- Time of writing was a Student - MSc Advanced Clinical Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton
| | - David Voegeli
- Professor of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton
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12
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Joudar SS, Albahri AS, Hamid RA. Triage and priority-based healthcare diagnosis using artificial intelligence for autism spectrum disorder and gene contribution: A systematic review. Comput Biol Med 2022; 146:105553. [PMID: 35561591 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The exact nature, harmful effects and aetiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have caused widespread confusion. Artificial intelligence (AI) science helps solve challenging diagnostic problems in the medical field through extensive experiments. Disease severity is closely related to triage decisions and prioritisation contexts in medicine because both have been widely used to diagnose various diseases via AI, machine learning and automated decision-making techniques. Recently, taking advantage of high-performance AI algorithms has achieved accessible success in diagnosing and predicting risks from clinical and biological data. In contrast, less progress has been made with ASD because of obscure reasons. According to academic literature, ASD diagnosis works from a specific perspective, and much of the confusion arises from the fact that how AI techniques are currently integrated with the diagnosis of ASD concerning the triage and priority strategies and gene contributions. To this end, this study sought to describe a systematic review of the literature to assess the respective AI methods using the available datasets, highlight the tools and strategies used for diagnosing ASD and investigate how AI trends contribute in distinguishing triage and priority for ASD and gene contributions. Accordingly, this study checked the Science Direct, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, Web of Science (WoS), PubMed, and Scopus databases. A set of 363 articles from 2017 to 2022 is collected to reveal a clear picture and a better understanding of all the academic literature through a final set of 18 articles. The retrieved articles were filtered according to the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria and classified into three categories. The first category includes 'Triage patients based on diagnosis methods' which accounts for 16.66% (n = 3/18). The second category includes 'Prioritisation for Risky Genes' which accounts for 66.6% (n = 12/18) and is classified into two subcategories: 'Mutations observation based', 'Biomarkers and toxic chemical observations'. The third category includes 'E-triage using telehealth' which accounts for 16.66% (n = 3/18). This multidisciplinary systematic review revealed the taxonomy, motivations, recommendations and challenges of ASD research that need synergistic attention. Thus, this systematic review performs a comprehensive science mapping analysis and discusses the open issues that help perform and improve the recommended solution of ASD research direction. In addition, this study critically reviews the literature and attempts to address the current research gaps in knowledge and highlights weaknesses that require further research. Finally, a new developed methodology has been suggested as future work for triaging and prioritising ASD patients according to their severity levels by using decision-making techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahad Sabbar Joudar
- Informatics Institute for Postgraduate Studies (IIPS), Iraqi Commission for Computers and Informatics (ICCI), Baghdad, Iraq; University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - A S Albahri
- Informatics Institute for Postgraduate Studies (IIPS), Iraqi Commission for Computers and Informatics (ICCI), Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Rula A Hamid
- Informatics Institute for Postgraduate Studies (IIPS), Iraqi Commission for Computers and Informatics (ICCI), Baghdad, Iraq; College of Business Informatics, University of Information Technology and Communications (UOITC), Baghdad, Iraq
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13
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Kim CK, Lee YR, Ong L, Gold M, Kalali A, Sarkar J. Alzheimer's Disease: Key Insights from Two Decades of Clinical Trial Failures. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:83-100. [PMID: 35342092 PMCID: PMC9198803 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Given the acknowledged lack of success in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) drug development over the past two decades, the objective of this review was to derive key insights from the myriad failures to inform future drug development. A systematic and exhaustive review was performed on all failed AD compounds for dementia (interventional phase II and III clinical trials from ClinicalTrials.gov) from 2004 to the present. Starting with the initial ∼2,700 AD clinical trials, ∼550 trials met our initial criteria, from which 98 unique phase II and III compounds with various mechanisms of action met our criteria of a failed compound. The two recent reported phase III successes of aducanumab and oligomannate are very encouraging; however, we are awaiting real-world validation of their effectiveness. These two successes against the 98 failures gives a 2.0% phase II and III success rate since 2003, when the previous novel compound was approved. Potential contributing methodological factors for the clinical trial failures were categorized into 1) insufficient evidence to initiate the pivotal trials, and 2) pivotal trial design shortcomings. Our evaluation found that rational drug development principles were not always followed for AD therapeutics development, and the question remains whether some of the failed compounds may have shown efficacy if the principles were better adhered to. Several recommendations are made for future AD therapeutic development. The whole database of the 98 failed compounds is presented in the Supplementary Material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael Gold
- Neuroscience Development, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
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14
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Meng L, Avram D, Tseng G, Huo Z. Outcome‐guided sparse K‐means for disease subtype discovery via integrating phenotypic data with high‐dimensional transcriptomic data. J R Stat Soc Ser C Appl Stat 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rssc.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingsong Meng
- Department of Biostatistics University of Florida Gainesville USA
| | - Dorina Avram
- Department of Immunology H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Tampa USA
| | - George Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh USA
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Department of Biostatistics University of Florida Gainesville USA
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15
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de la Rubia Ortí JE, Fernández D, Platero F, García-Pardo MP. Can Ketogenic Diet Improve Alzheimer's Disease? Association With Anxiety, Depression, and Glutamate System. Front Nutr 2021; 8:744398. [PMID: 34778340 PMCID: PMC8579917 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.744398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in our society, mainly characterized by loss of cognitive function. However, other symptoms such as anxiety and depression have been described in patients. The process is mediated by alterations in the synaptic and extrasynaptic activity of the neurotransmitter glutamate, which are linked to a hypometabolism of glucose as the main source of brain energy. In that respect, Ketogenic diet (KD) has been proposed as a non-pharmacological treatment serving as an alternative energy source to the neurons increasing the fat percentage and reducing the carbohydrates percentage, showing promising results to improve the cognitive symptoms associated with different neurodegenerative disorders, including AD. However, the association of this type of diet with emotional symptoms and the modulation of glutamate neurotransmission systems after this dietary reduction of carbohydrates are unknown. Objective: The aim of this short review is to provide update studies and discuss about the relationship between KD, anxiety, depression, and glutamate activity in AD patients. Discussion: The main results suggest that the KD is an alternative energy source for neurons in AD with positive consequences for the brain at different levels such as epigenetic, metabolic and signaling, and that the substitution of carbohydrates for fats is also associated with emotional symptoms and glutamate activity in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Fernández
- Department of Nursing, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Félix Platero
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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16
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ReCODE: A Personalized, Targeted, Multi-Factorial Therapeutic Program for Reversal of Cognitive Decline. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101348. [PMID: 34680464 PMCID: PMC8533598 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the major cause of age-associated cognitive decline, and in the absence of effective therapeutics is progressive and ultimately fatal, creating a dire need for successful prevention and treatment strategies. We recently reported results of a successful proof-of-concept trial, using a personalized, precision medicine protocol, but whether such an approach is readily scalable is unknown. Objective: In the case of AD, there is not a single therapeutic that exerts anything beyond a marginal, unsustained, symptomatic effect. This suggests that the monotherapeutic approach of drug development for AD may not be an optimal one, at least when used alone. Using a novel, comprehensive, and personalized therapeutic system called ReCODE (reversal of cognitive decline), which proved successful in a small, proof-of-concept trial, we sought to determine whether the program could be scaled to improve cognitive and metabolic function in individuals diagnosed with subjective cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment, and early-stage AD. Methods: 255 individuals submitted blood samples, took the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test, and answered intake questions. Individuals who enrolled in the ReCODE program had consultations with clinical practitioners, and explanations of the program were provided. Participants had follow-up visits that included education regarding diet, lifestyle choices, medications, supplements, repeat blood sample analysis, and MoCA testing between 2 and 12 months after participating in the ReCODE program. Pre- and post-treatment measures were compared using the non-parametric Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results and Conclusions: By comparing baseline to follow-up testing, we observed that MoCA scores either significantly improved or stabilized in the entire participant pool—results that were not as successful as those in the proof-of-concept trial, but more successful than anti-amyloid therapies—and other risk factors including blood glucose, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, HOMA-IR, and vitamin D significantly improved in the participant pool. Our findings provide evidence that a multi-factorial, comprehensive, and personalized therapeutic program designed to mitigate AD risk factors can improve risk factor scores and stabilize or reverse the decline in cognitive function. Since superior results were obtained in the proof-of-concept trial, which was conducted by a small group of highly trained and experienced physicians, it is possible that results from the use of this personalized approach would be enhanced by further training and experience of the practicing physicians. Nonetheless, the current results provide further support indicating the potential of such an approach for the prevention and reversal of cognitive decline.
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Prakash J, Wang V, Quinn RE, Mitchell CS. Unsupervised Machine Learning to Identify Separable Clinical Alzheimer's Disease Sub-Populations. Brain Sci 2021; 11:977. [PMID: 34439596 PMCID: PMC8392842 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11080977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity among Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients confounds clinical trial patient selection and therapeutic efficacy evaluation. This work defines separable AD clinical sub-populations using unsupervised machine learning. Clustering (t-SNE followed by k-means) of patient features and association rule mining (ARM) was performed on the ADNIMERGE dataset from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Patient sociodemographics, brain imaging, biomarkers, cognitive tests, and medication usage were included for analysis. Four AD clinical sub-populations were identified using between-cluster mean fold changes [cognitive performance, brain volume]: cluster-1 represented least severe disease [+17.3, +13.3]; cluster-0 [-4.6, +3.8] and cluster-3 [+10.8, -4.9] represented mid-severity sub-populations; cluster-2 represented most severe disease [-18.4, -8.4]. ARM assessed frequently occurring pharmacologic substances within the 4 sub-populations. No drug class was associated with the least severe AD (cluster-1), likely due to lesser antecedent disease. Anti-hyperlipidemia drugs associated with cluster-0 (mid-severity, higher volume). Interestingly, antioxidants vitamin C and E associated with cluster-3 (mid-severity, higher cognition). Anti-depressants like Zoloft associated with most severe disease (cluster-2). Vitamin D is protective for AD, but ARM identified significant underutilization across all AD sub-populations. Identification and feature characterization of four distinct AD sub-population "clusters" using standard clinical features enhances future clinical trial selection criteria and cross-study comparative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayant Prakash
- Laboratory for Pathology Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (J.P.); (V.W.); (R.E.Q.III)
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Velda Wang
- Laboratory for Pathology Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (J.P.); (V.W.); (R.E.Q.III)
| | - Robert E. Quinn
- Laboratory for Pathology Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (J.P.); (V.W.); (R.E.Q.III)
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Cassie S. Mitchell
- Laboratory for Pathology Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (J.P.); (V.W.); (R.E.Q.III)
- Center for Machine Learning, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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18
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Asgarshamsi MH, Fassihi A, Hassanzadeh F, Saghaei L, Attar AM, Mohammad-Beigi H. Synthesis, antioxidant activity, and density functional theory study of some novel 4-[(benzo[ d]thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl]phenol derivatives: a comparative approach for the explanation of their radical scavenging activities. Res Pharm Sci 2021; 16:35-47. [PMID: 33953773 PMCID: PMC8074808 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.305187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Radicals produced by Fenton and Haber-Weiss reactions play detrimental roles in our body. Some oxidized proteins as toxic configurations are identified in amyloid-β deposits. These deposits mostly occur in conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we report the synthesis, evaluation of the antioxidant activity, and implementation of density functional theory (DFT) calculations of some4- [(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino) methyl]phenol derivatives. The aim of this study was to provide a comparative theoretical-experimental approach to explain the antioxidant activities of the compounds. Experimental approach: Compounds were synthesized by the reaction between para hydroxybenzaldehyde and aminobenzothiazole derivatives. The scavenging activity of the compounds was evaluated. Various electronic and energetic descriptors such as high occupied molecular orbital and low unoccupied molecular orbital energy gaps, bonding dissociation enthalpy of OH bond, ionization potential, electron affinity, hardness, softness, and spin density of the radical and neutral species were calculated. DFT calculations with B3LYP hybrid functional and 6-311++ G** basis set in the polarizable continuum model were utilized to obtain these descriptors. Findings/Results: Ascorbic acid showed the best DPPH scavenging activity. However, 4d and 4c showed promising antioxidant activity. The values of EHOMO for 4c and 4d were closer to zero, thus, they showed the best scavenging activities. The computational results were in accordance with the experimental ones. The energetic descriptors indicated that the sequential proton loss-electron transfer mechanism is preferred over other mechanisms. Conclusion and implication: Antioxidant activity of 4-[(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino) methyl]phenol derivatives confirmed by experimental and theoretical documents proves them as novel antioxidants against amyloid-β based disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Asgarshamsi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Afshin Fassihi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Farshid Hassanzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Lotfollah Saghaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedian Attar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Hossein Mohammad-Beigi
- The Centre for Cellular Signal Patterns (CellPAT), Gustav Wieds vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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19
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La Cognata V, Morello G, Cavallaro S. Omics Data and Their Integrative Analysis to Support Stratified Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094820. [PMID: 34062930 PMCID: PMC8125201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular and clinical heterogeneity is increasingly recognized as a common characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This heterogeneity makes difficult the development of early diagnosis and effective treatment approaches, as well as the design and testing of new drugs. As such, the stratification of patients into meaningful disease subgroups, with clinical and biological relevance, may improve disease management and the development of effective treatments. To this end, omics technologies-such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics-are contributing to offer a more comprehensive view of molecular pathways underlying the development of NDs, helping to differentiate subtypes of patients based on their specific molecular signatures. In this article, we discuss how omics technologies and their integration have provided new insights into the molecular heterogeneity underlying the most prevalent NDs, aiding to define early diagnosis and progression markers as well as therapeutic targets that can translate into stratified treatment approaches, bringing us closer to the goal of personalized medicine in neurology.
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20
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Socha E, Kośliński P, Koba M, Mądra-Gackowska K, Gackowski M, Kędziora-Kornatowska K, Daghir-Wojtkowiak E. Serum amino acid profiles in patients with mild cognitive impairment and in patients with mild dementia or moderate dementia. Amino Acids 2021; 53:97-109. [PMID: 33403465 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are one of the greatest global challenges for social and health care in the twenty-first century. Nowadays, determination of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for early diagnosis is served by a complex sample preparation procedure with limited diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, neuroimaging methods are expensive, time-consuming and are not readily available for use as a complimentary and common screening method. Recently, researchers have shown an increased interest in the identification and characterization of new blood biomarkers of dementia to minimize the limitations associated with the current methods of biomarker determination. Amino acids play many important roles in the central nervous system, acting as neuromodulators, neurotransmitters and regulators of energy metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate if serum amino acid levels change along the continuum from no cognitive impairment to moderate dementia, and to identify putative biomarkers for early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Serum levels of 16 amino acids were determined in 3 groups of patients-22 with mild cognitive impairment, 45 with mild dementia and 28 with moderate dementia-by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection using AccQ Tag column (Waters). The most exciting result is the significantly elevated concentration of arginine in patients with both stages of dementia as compared to mild cognitive impairment individuals. Recent accumulating evidence suggests the implication of changed arginine metabolism in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. We conclude that amino acids profiling might be helpful in searching for biomarkers of neurogenerative diseases. In the present study, we discovered that arginine in plasma may have a putative diagnostic value for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Socha
- Department of Toxicology and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Piotr Kośliński
- Department of Toxicology and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marcin Koba
- Department of Toxicology and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Mądra-Gackowska
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marcin Gackowski
- Department of Toxicology and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Emilia Daghir-Wojtkowiak
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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21
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Neff RA, Wang M, Vatansever S, Guo L, Ming C, Wang Q, Wang E, Horgusluoglu-Moloch E, Song WM, Li A, Castranio EL, Tcw J, Ho L, Goate A, Fossati V, Noggle S, Gandy S, Ehrlich ME, Katsel P, Schadt E, Cai D, Brennand KJ, Haroutunian V, Zhang B. Molecular subtyping of Alzheimer's disease using RNA sequencing data reveals novel mechanisms and targets. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabb5398. [PMID: 33523961 PMCID: PMC7787497 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb5398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is recognized as a heterogeneous disease with diverse pathophysiologic mechanisms. In this study, we interrogate the molecular heterogeneity of AD by analyzing 1543 transcriptomes across five brain regions in two AD cohorts using an integrative network approach. We identify three major molecular subtypes of AD corresponding to different combinations of multiple dysregulated pathways, such as susceptibility to tau-mediated neurodegeneration, amyloid-β neuroinflammation, synaptic signaling, immune activity, mitochondria organization, and myelination. Multiscale network analysis reveals subtype-specific drivers such as GABRB2, LRP10, MSN, PLP1, and ATP6V1A We further demonstrate that variations between existing AD mouse models recapitulate a certain degree of subtype heterogeneity, which may partially explain why a vast majority of drugs that succeeded in specific mouse models do not align with generalized human trials across all AD subtypes. Therefore, subtyping patients with AD is a critical step toward precision medicine for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Neff
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sezen Vatansever
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chen Ming
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Erming Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Emrin Horgusluoglu-Moloch
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Won-Min Song
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Aiqun Li
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Emilie L Castranio
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Julia Tcw
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lap Ho
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alison Goate
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY 10029, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Valentina Fossati
- New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Scott Noggle
- New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Sam Gandy
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY 10029, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michelle E Ehrlich
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Pavel Katsel
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Psychiatry, JJ Peters VA Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Eric Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dongming Cai
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY 10029, USA
- Neurology, JJ Peters VA Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Kristen J Brennand
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Vahram Haroutunian
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers, JJ Peters VA Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
- Psychiatry, JJ Peters VA Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
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22
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Mukherjee S, Heath L, Preuss C, Jayadev S, Garden GA, Greenwood AK, Sieberts SK, De Jager PL, Ertekin-Taner N, Carter GW, Mangravite LM, Logsdon BA. Molecular estimation of neurodegeneration pseudotime in older brains. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5781. [PMID: 33188183 PMCID: PMC7666177 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The temporal molecular changes that lead to disease onset and progression in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are still unknown. Here we develop a temporal model for these unobserved molecular changes with a manifold learning method applied to RNA-Seq data collected from human postmortem brain samples collected within the ROS/MAP and Mayo Clinic RNA-Seq studies. We define an ordering across samples based on their similarity in gene expression and use this ordering to estimate the molecular disease stage-or disease pseudotime-for each sample. Disease pseudotime is strongly concordant with the burden of tau (Braak score, P = 1.0 × 10-5), Aβ (CERAD score, P = 1.8 × 10-5), and cognitive diagnosis (P = 3.5 × 10-7) of late-onset (LO) AD. Early stage disease pseudotime samples are enriched for controls and show changes in basic cellular functions. Late stage disease pseudotime samples are enriched for late stage AD cases and show changes in neuroinflammation and amyloid pathologic processes. We also identify a set of late stage pseudotime samples that are controls and show changes in genes enriched for protein trafficking, splicing, regulation of apoptosis, and prevention of amyloid cleavage pathways. In summary, we present a method for ordering patients along a trajectory of LOAD disease progression from brain transcriptomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Mukherjee
- Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA, USA
- Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gwenn A Garden
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Taub Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florid, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Benjamin A Logsdon
- Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Cajal Neuroscience, Seattle, WA, USA.
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23
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Krzywoszyńska K, Witkowska D, Świątek-Kozłowska J, Szebesczyk A, Kozłowski H. General Aspects of Metal Ions as Signaling Agents in Health and Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101417. [PMID: 33036384 PMCID: PMC7600656 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the current knowledge on the involvement of metal ions in signaling processes within the cell, in both physiological and pathological conditions. The first section is devoted to the recent discoveries on magnesium and calcium-dependent signal transduction-the most recognized signaling agents among metals. The following sections then describe signaling pathways where zinc, copper, and iron play a key role. There are many systems in which changes in intra- and extra-cellular zinc and copper concentrations have been linked to important downstream events, especially in nervous signal transduction. Iron signaling is mostly related with its homeostasis. However, it is also involved in a recently discovered type of programmed cell death, ferroptosis. The important differences in metal ion signaling, and its disease-leading alterations, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Krzywoszyńska
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Opole, 68 Katowicka St., 45-060 Opole, Poland; (J.Ś.-K.); (A.S.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (D.W.); Tel.: +48-77-44-23-549 (K.K); +48-77-44-23-548 (D.W.)
| | - Danuta Witkowska
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Opole, 68 Katowicka St., 45-060 Opole, Poland; (J.Ś.-K.); (A.S.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (D.W.); Tel.: +48-77-44-23-549 (K.K); +48-77-44-23-548 (D.W.)
| | - Jolanta Świątek-Kozłowska
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Opole, 68 Katowicka St., 45-060 Opole, Poland; (J.Ś.-K.); (A.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Szebesczyk
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Opole, 68 Katowicka St., 45-060 Opole, Poland; (J.Ś.-K.); (A.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Henryk Kozłowski
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Opole, 68 Katowicka St., 45-060 Opole, Poland; (J.Ś.-K.); (A.S.); (H.K.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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24
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Rao CV, Farooqui M, Madhavaram A, Zhang Y, Asch AS, Yamada HY. GSK3-ARC/Arg3.1 and GSK3-Wnt signaling axes trigger amyloid-β accumulation and neuroinflammation in middle-aged Shugoshin 1 mice. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13221. [PMID: 32857910 PMCID: PMC7576275 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral amyloid‐β accumulation that begins in middle age is considered the critical triggering event in the pathogenesis of late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). However, the molecular mechanism remains elusive. The Shugoshin 1 (Sgo1−/+) mouse model, a model for mitotic cohesinopathy‐genomic instability that is observed in human AD at a higher rate, showed spontaneous accumulation of amyloid‐β in the brain at old age. With the model, novel insights into the molecular mechanism of LOAD development are anticipated. In this study, the initial appearance of cerebral amyloid‐β accumulation was determined as 15‐18 months of age (late middle age) in the Sgo1−/+ model. The amyloid‐β accumulation was associated with unexpected GSK3α/β inactivation, Wnt signaling activation, and ARC/Arg3.1 accumulation, suggesting involvement of both the GSK3‐Arc/Arg3.1 axis and the GSK3‐Wnt axis. As observed in human AD brains, neuroinflammation with IFN‐γ expression occurred with amyloid‐β accumulation and was pronounced in the aged (24‐month‐old) Sgo1−/+ model mice. AD‐relevant protein panels (oxidative stress defense, mitochondrial energy metabolism, and β‐oxidation and peroxisome) analysis indicated (a) early increases in Pdk1 and Phb in middle‐aged Sgo1−/+ brains, and (b) misregulations in 32 proteins among 130 proteins tested in old age. Thus, initial amyloid‐β accumulation in the Sgo1−/+ model is suggested to be triggered by GSK3 inactivation and the resulting Wnt activation and ARC/Arg3.1 accumulation. The model displayed characteristics and affected pathways similar to those of human LOAD including neuroinflammation, demonstrating its potential as a study tool for the LOAD development mechanism and for preclinical AD drug research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinthalapally V. Rao
- Hematology/Oncology Section Department of Medicine Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA
| | - Mudassir Farooqui
- Department of Neurology University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Avanish Madhavaram
- Biology/Exercise and Sports Science University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Hematology/Oncology Section Department of Medicine Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA
| | - Adam S. Asch
- Hematology/Oncology Section Department of Medicine Stephenson Cancer Center University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA
| | - Hiroshi Y. Yamada
- Hematology/Oncology Section Department of Medicine Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA
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25
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Ali AM, Kunugi H. Royal Jelly as an Intelligent Anti-Aging Agent-A Focus on Cognitive Aging and Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E937. [PMID: 33003559 PMCID: PMC7601550 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The astronomical increase of the world's aged population is associated with the increased prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, heightened disability, and extremely high costs of care. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a widespread, age-related, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that has enormous social and financial drawbacks worldwide. The unsatisfactory outcomes of available AD pharmacotherapy necessitate the search for alternative natural resources that can target various the underlying mechanisms of AD pathology and reduce disease occurrence and/or progression. Royal jelly (RJ) is the main food of bee queens; it contributes to their fertility, long lifespan, and memory performance. It represents a potent nutraceutical with various pharmacological properties, and has been used in a number of preclinical studies to target AD and age-related cognitive deterioration. To understand the mechanisms through which RJ affects cognitive performance both in natural aging and AD, we reviewed the literature, elaborating on the metabolic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms that mediate its anti-AD effects. Preclinical findings revealed that RJ acts as a multidomain cognitive enhancer that can restore cognitive performance in aged and AD models. It promotes brain cell survival and function by targeting multiple adversities in the neuronal microenvironment such as inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial alterations, impaired proteostasis, amyloid-β toxicity, Ca excitotoxicity, and bioenergetic challenges. Human trials using RJ in AD are limited in quantity and quality. Here, the limitations of RJ-based treatment strategies are discussed, and directions for future studies examining the effect of RJ in cognitively impaired subjects are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Mohammed Ali
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-0031, Japan;
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21527, Egypt
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-0031, Japan;
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
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26
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Kurakin A, Bredesen DE. Alzheimer's disease as a systems network disorder: chronic stress/dyshomeostasis, innate immunity, and genetics. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:17815-17844. [PMID: 32957083 PMCID: PMC7585078 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ineffective results of clinical trials of over 200 anti-Alzheimer's drug candidates, with a 99.6% attrition rate, suggest that the current paradigm of Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be incomplete, necessitating exploration of alternative and complementary frameworks.Using algorithms for hypothesis independent search and expert-assisted synthesis of heterogeneous data, we attempted to reconcile multimodal clinical profiles of early-stage AD patients and accumulated research data within a parsimonious framework. Results of our analysis suggest that Alzheimer's may not be a brain disease but a progressive system-level network disorder, which is driven by chronic network stress and dyshomeostasis. The latter can be caused by various endogenous and exogenous factors, such as chronic inflammatory conditions, infections, vascular dysfunction, head trauma, environmental toxicity, and immune disorders. Whether originating in the brain or on the periphery, chronic stress, toxicity, and inflammation are communicated to the central nervous system (CNS) via humoral and neural routes, preferentially targeting high-centrality regulatory nodes and circuits of the nervous system, and eventually manifesting as a neurodegenerative CNS disease.In this report, we outline an alternative perspective on AD as a systems network disorder and discuss biochemical and genetic evidence suggesting the central role of chronic tissue injury/dyshomeostasis, innate immune reactivity, and inflammation in the etiopathobiology of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Kurakin
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dale E. Bredesen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
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27
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Rychlik M, Mlyniec K. Zinc-mediated Neurotransmission in Alzheimer's Disease: A Potential Role of the GPR39 in Dementia. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:2-13. [PMID: 31272355 PMCID: PMC7327932 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190704153807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
With more people reaching an advanced age in modern society, there is a growing need for strategies to slow down age-related neuropathology and loss of cognitive functions, which are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroprotective drugs and candidate drug compounds target one or more processes involved in the neurodegenerative cascade, such as excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, misfolded protein aggregation and/or ion dyshomeostasis. A growing body of research shows that a G-protein coupled zinc (Zn2+) receptor (GPR39) can modulate the abovementioned processes. Zn2+ itself has a diverse activity profile at the synapse, and by binding to numerous receptors, it plays an important role in neurotransmission. However, Zn2+ is also necessary for the formation of toxic oligomeric forms of amyloid beta, which underlie the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, the binding of Zn2+ by amyloid beta causes a disruption of zincergic signaling, and recent studies point to GPR39 and its intracellular targets being affected by amyloid pathology. In this review, we present neurobiological findings related to Zn2+ and GPR39, focusing on its signaling pathways, neural plasticity, interactions with other neurotransmission systems, as well as on the effects of pathophysiological changes observed in Alzheimer's disease on GPR39 function. Direct targeting of the GPR39 might be a promising strategy for the pharmacotherapy of zincergic dyshomeostasis observed in Alzheimer’s disease. The information presented in this article will hopefully fuel further research into the role of GPR39 in neurodegeneration and help in identifying novel therapeutic targets for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Rychlik
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mlyniec
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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28
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Hong H, Mo Y, Li D, Xu Z, Liao Y, Yin P, Liu X, Xia Y, Fang J, Wang Q, Fang S. Aberrant Expression Profiles of lncRNAs and Their Associated Nearby Coding Genes in the Hippocampus of the SAMP8 Mouse Model with AD. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 20:140-154. [PMID: 32169802 PMCID: PMC7066064 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mouse model is a useful model for investigating the fundamental mechanisms involved in the age-related learning and memory deficits of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), while the SAM/resistant 1 (SAMR1) mouse model shows normal features. Recent evidence has shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play an important role in AD pathogenesis. However, a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the function of AD-related lncRNAs and their associated nearby coding genes in AD is still lacking. In this study, we collected the hippocampus, the main area of AD pathological processes, of SAMP8 and SAMR1 animals and performed microarray analysis to identify aberrantly expressed lncRNAs and their associated nearby coding genes, which may contribute to AD pathogenesis. We identified 3,112 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 3,191 differentially expressed mRNAs in SAMP8 mice compared to SAMR1 mice. More than 70% of the deregulated lncRNAs were intergenic and exon sense-overlapping lncRNAs. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analyses of the AD-related transcripts were also performed and are described in detail, which imply that metabolic process reprograming was likely related to AD. Furthermore, six lncRNAs and six mRNAs were selected for further validation of the microarray results using quantitative PCR, and the results were consistent with the findings from the microarray. Moreover, we analyzed 780 lincRNAs (also called long “intergenic” non-coding RNAs) and their associated nearby coding genes. Among these lincRNAs, AK158400 had the most genes nearby (n = 13), all of which belonged to the histone cluster 1 family, suggesting regulation of the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber by affecting nearby genes during AD progression. In addition, we also identified 97 aberrant antisense lncRNAs and their associated coding genes. It is likely that these dysregulated lncRNAs and their associated nearby coding genes play a role in the development and/or progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghai Hong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yousheng Mo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dongli Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhiheng Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanfang Liao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinning Liu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiansong Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; DME Center, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; DME Center, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Shuhuan Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; DME Center, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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29
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Bland JS. What is Evidence-Based Functional Medicine in the 21st Century? Integr Med (Encinitas) 2019; 18:14-18. [PMID: 32549804 PMCID: PMC7217393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The 21st century has already demonstrated itself to be an era of change for medicine and science. There is a new openness-to ideas, to a shift in perspectives, to a redefinition of evidence and the many ways it can be gathered. New interest in real-world data, patient-experience information has also become an increasingly important contributor to the evaluation of treatment effectiveness. It is a fertile time on many fronts, including an expanded reach for a systems biology formalism and the Functional Medicine movement.
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30
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Two-Way Horizontal and Vertical Omics Integration for Disease Subtype Discovery. STATISTICS IN BIOSCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12561-019-09242-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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31
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Amino acid profiling as a method of discovering biomarkers for diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Amino Acids 2019; 51:367-371. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02705-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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32
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Zhang F, Wei J, Li X, Ma C, Gao Y. Early Candidate Urine Biomarkers for Detecting Alzheimer’s Disease Before Amyloid-β Plaque Deposition in an APP (swe)/PSEN1dE9 Transgenic Mouse Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 66:613-637. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanshuang Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Xundou Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center; Joint Laboratory of Anesthesia and Pain, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Youhe Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
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33
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Abstract
Dietary and supplemental intake of the ω-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) reduces risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and ameliorates symptoms. The apolipoprotein E (APOE)4 allele is the strongest risk factor for sporadic AD, exclusive of age. APOE4 carriers respond well to the DHA present in fish but do not respond as well to dietary supplements. The mechanisms behind this varied response remain unknown. I posit that the difference is that fish contain DHA in phospholipid form, whereas fish oil supplements do not. This influences whether DHA is metabolized to nonesterified DHA (free DHA) or a phospholipid form called lysophosphatidylcholine DHA (DHA-lysoPC). Free DHA is transported across the outer membrane leaflet of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) via passive diffusion, and DHA-lysoPC is transported across the inner membrane leaflet of the BBB via the major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2A. I propose that APOE4 carriers have impaired brain transport of free DHA but not of DHA-lysoPC, as a consequence of a breakdown in the outer membrane leaflet of the BBB, putting them at increased risk for AD. Dietary sources of DHA in phospholipid form may provide a means to increase plasma levels of DHA-lysoPC, thereby decreasing the risk of AD.—Patrick, R. P. Role of phosphatidylcholine-DHA in preventing APOE4-associated Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda P Patrick
- University of California San Francisco Benioff, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA
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Rao CV, Farooqui M, Asch AS, Yamada HY. Critical role of mitosis in spontaneous late-onset Alzheimer's disease; from a Shugoshin 1 cohesinopathy mouse model. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:2321-2334. [PMID: 30231670 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1515554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
From early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) studies, the amyloid-beta hypothesis emerged as the foremost theory of the pathological causes of AD. However, how amyloid-beta accumulation is triggered and progresses toward senile plaques in spontaneous late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) in humans remains unanswered. Various LOAD facilitators have been proposed, and LOAD is currently considered a complex disease with multiple causes. Mice do not normally develop LOAD. Possibly due to the multiple causes, proposed LOAD facilitators have not been able to replicate spontaneous LOAD in mice, representing a disease modeling issue. Recently, we reported spontaneous late-onset development of amyloid-beta accumulation in brains of Shugoshin 1 (Sgo1) haploinsufficient mice, a cohesinopathy-mediated chromosome instability model. The result for the first time expands disease relevance of mitosis studies to a major disease other than cancers. Reverse-engineering of the model would shed light on the process of late-onset amyloid-beta accumulation in the brain and spontaneous LOAD development, and contribute to development of interventions for LOAD. This review will discuss the Sgo1 model, our current "three-hit hypothesis" regarding LOAD development with an emphasis on critical role of prolonged mitosis in amyloid-beta accumulation, and implications for human LOAD intervention and treatment. Abbreviations: Alzheimer's disease (AD); Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD); Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD); Shugoshin-1 (Sgo1); Chromosome Instability (CIN); apolipoprotein (Apoe); Central nervous system (CNS); Amyloid precursor protein (APP); N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA); Hazard ratio (HR); Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK); Chronic Atrial Intestinal Dysrhythmia (CAID); beta-secretase 1 (BACE); phosphor-Histone H3 (p-H3); Research and development (R&D); Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); Brain blood barrier (BBB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinthalapally V Rao
- a Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Section , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Mudassir Farooqui
- a Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Section , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Adam S Asch
- b Stephenson Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Section , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Hiroshi Y Yamada
- a Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Section , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
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Shetty P, Youngberg W. Clinical Lifestyle Medicine Strategies for Preventing and Reversing Memory Loss in Alzheimer's. Am J Lifestyle Med 2018; 12:391-395. [PMID: 30283265 PMCID: PMC6146367 DOI: 10.1177/1559827618766468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and currently affects over 5 million Americans and 30 million individuals worldwide. Unfortunately, the current approach to treating AD provides nothing more than a marginal, unsustained, symptomatic effect, with little or no effect on disease progression itself. To attain effective improvements in AD, one must determine risk factors, address the underlying causes, and focus on a combination of functional and lifestyle medicine strategies that provide a comprehensive, programmatic, and network-based approach that is sufficient to achieve epigenetic transformation and neurologic healing through its multiple and necessary synergistic components. Rather than normalizing metabolic parameters, the focus is on optimization of each metabolic parameter. Papers published by research neurologist, Dr Dale Bredesen have documented that symptoms of mild cognitive impairment and early AD may often be reversed within 6 months after initiating a comprehensive, functional and lifestyle medicine-focused program. The purpose of this article are as follows: 1. Shed light on a promising clinical protocol that focuses on a comprehensive functional and lifestyle medicine approach to treating mild cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease; 2. Identify the Bredesen Protocol testing, diagnostic and treatment guidelines; 3. Review several case studies and discuss the promising results of the program. Although published case studies such as those reported here are relatively few, clinicians applying these comprehensive strategies have reason to expect improvement in their patients. Lifestyle medicine can be a source of greatly needed hope for those suffering with cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Shetty
- American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, Missouri (PS)
- Loma Linda University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Youngberg Lifestyle Medicine Clinic, Temecula, California (WY)
| | - Wes Youngberg
- Wes Youngberg, DrPH, MPH, CNS, FACLM 28780 Single Oaks Drive, Temecula, CA 92590; e-mail:
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Amen DG, Harris WS, Kidd PM, Meysami S, Raji CA. Quantitative Erythrocyte Omega-3 EPA Plus DHA Levels are Related to Higher Regional Cerebral Blood Flow on Brain SPECT. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 58:1189-1199. [PMID: 28527220 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interrelationships between omega-3 fatty acids status, brain perfusion, and cognition are not well understood. OBJECTIVE To evaluate if SPECT brain imaging of cerebral perfusion and cognition varies as a function of omega-3 fatty acid levels. METHODS A random sample of 166 study participants was drawn from a psychiatric referral clinical for which erythrocyte quantification of omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (the Omega-3 Index) was available. Quantitative brain SPECT was done on 128 regions based on a standard anatomical Atlas. Persons with erythrocyte EPA+DHA concentrations were dichotomized based on membership in top 50th percentile versus bottom 50th percentile categories. Two-sample t-tests were done to identify statistically significant differences in perfusion between the percentile groups. Partial correlations were modeled between EPA+DHA concentration and SPECT regions. Neurocognitive status was assessed using computerized testing (WebNeuro) and was separately correlated to cerebral perfusion on brain SPECT imaging and omega-3 EPA+DHA levels. RESULTS Partial correlation analyses showed statistically significant relationships between higher omega-3 levels and cerebral perfusion were in the right parahippocampal gyrus (r = 0.20, p = 0.03), right precuneus (r = 0.20, p = 0.03), and vermis subregion 6 (p = 0.21, p = 0.03). Omega-3 Index levels separately correlated to the feeling subsection of the WebNeuro (r = 0.25, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Quantitative omega-3 EPA+DHA erythrocyte concentrations are independently correlated with brain perfusion on SPECT imaging and neurocognitive tests. These results have implications for the role of omega-3 fatty acids toward contributing to cognitive reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William S Harris
- University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, USA
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Lin PH, Tsai SJ, Huang CW, Mu-En L, Hsu SW, Lee CC, Chen NC, Chang YT, Lan MY, Chang CC. Dose-dependent genotype effects of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on default mode network in early stage Alzheimer's disease. Oncotarget 2018; 7:54200-54214. [PMID: 27494844 PMCID: PMC5342335 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been shown to play a pivotal role in neurocognition, and its gene contains a functional polymorphism (Val66Met) that may explain individual differences in brain volume and memory-related activity.In this study, we enrolled 186 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients who underwent 3D T1 magnetic resonance imaging, and explored the gray matter (GM) structural covariance networks (SCN). The patients were divided into three groups according to their genotype: Met/Met (n = 45), Val/Met (n = 86) and Val/Val (n = 55). Seed-based analysis was performed focusing on four SCN networks. Neurobehavioral scores served as the major outcome factor.Only peak cluster volumes of default mode medial temporal lobe network showed significant genotype interactions, of which the interconnected peak clusters showed dose-dependent genotype effects. There were also significant correlations between the cognitive test scores and interconnected-cluster volumes, especially in the orbitofrontal cortex.These findings support the hypothesis that BDNF rs6265 polymorphisms modulate entorhinal cortex-interconnected clusters and the valine allele was associated with stronger structural covariance patterns that determined the cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Health and Beauty, Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Psychiatric Department of Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Psychiatric Division, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Huang
- Department of Health and Beauty, Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Liu Mu-En
- Psychiatric Division, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chang Lee
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Ching Chen
- Department of Health and Beauty, Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Chang
- Department of Health and Beauty, Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yu Lan
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Chih Chang
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Spencer M, Takahashi N, Chakraborty S, Miles J, Shyu CR. Heritable genotype contrast mining reveals novel gene associations specific to autism subgroups. J Biomed Inform 2018; 77:50-61. [PMID: 29197649 PMCID: PMC5788310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Though the genetic etiology of autism is complex, our understanding can be improved by identifying genes and gene-gene interactions that contribute to the development of specific autism subtypes. Identifying such gene groupings will allow individuals to be diagnosed and treated according to their precise characteristics. To this end, we developed a method to associate gene combinations with groups with shared autism traits, targeting genetic elements that distinguish patient populations with opposing phenotypes. Our computational method prioritizes genetic variants for genome-wide association, then utilizes Frequent Pattern Mining to highlight potential interactions between variants. We introduce a novel genotype assessment metric, the Unique Inherited Combination support, which accounts for inheritance patterns observed in the nuclear family while estimating the impact of genetic variation on phenotype manifestation at the individual level. High-contrast variant combinations are tested for significant subgroup associations. We apply this method by contrasting autism subgroups defined by severe or mild manifestations of a phenotype. Significant associations connected 286 genes to the subgroups, including 193 novel autism candidates. 71 pairs of genes have joint associations with subgroups, presenting opportunities to investigate interacting functions. This study analyzed 12 autism subgroups, but our informatics method can explore other meaningful divisions of autism patients, and can further be applied to reveal precise genetic associations within other phenotypically heterogeneous disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Spencer
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, 241 Naka Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Nicole Takahashi
- Thompson Center for Autism & Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Missouri, 205 Portland St, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Sounak Chakraborty
- Department of Statistics, University of Missouri, 146 Middlebush Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Judith Miles
- Thompson Center for Autism & Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Missouri, 205 Portland St, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, MA204 Medical Sciences Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
| | - Chi-Ren Shyu
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, 241 Naka Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, 201 Naka Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; School of Medicine, University of Missouri, MA204 Medical Sciences Building, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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Jovanovic M, Todorovic Z, Milovanovic D, Draskovic B, Todorovic A, Petrovic D. Analysis of Risk Factors for Development of Cognitive Disorders in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients – Pilot Study. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/sjecr-2016-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Prevalence of cognitive disorders is high in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) is used for detecting and evaluation of cognitive disorder degree in this patient population. In examined patient population, only 5 (12.5%) of them had normal cognitive function (MoCA ≥26). Mild cognitive impairment (MoCA 18-26) was found in 65.9% (29) patients, while moderate cognitive disorder (MoCA 10-17) was detected in 6 (21.6%) patients. Major cognitive disorder wasn’t detected in examined population. Statistically significant correlation was not established between laboratory parameters and overall MoCA score. Statistically significant correlation, however, was established between MoCA item that evaluates space and time orientation and intermediate secondary hyperparathyroidism and space and time orientation and severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. Hemodynamic instability during hemodialysis and silent ischemia of the brain are increasing risk of appearance of cognitive disorders in maintenance hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Jovanovic
- Clinic for Urology, Nephrology and Dialysis, Center for Nephrology and Dialysis , Clinical center “Kragujevac” , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Zeljko Todorovic
- Faculty of medical sciences Kragujevac , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Dragan Milovanovic
- Faculty of medical sciences Kragujevac , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
- Service of clinical pharmacology , Clinical center “Kragujevac” , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Branislava Draskovic
- Clinic for Urology, Nephrology and Dialysis, Center for Nephrology and Dialysis , Clinical center “Kragujevac” , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Andreja Todorovic
- Department of Cardiology , General Hospital of Cuprija , Cuprija , Serbia
| | - Dejan Petrovic
- Clinic for Urology, Nephrology and Dialysis, Center for Nephrology and Dialysis , Clinical center “Kragujevac” , Kragujevac , Serbia
- Faculty of medical sciences Kragujevac , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
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40
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Harding A, Gonder U, Robinson SJ, Crean S, Singhrao SK. Exploring the Association between Alzheimer's Disease, Oral Health, Microbial Endocrinology and Nutrition. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:398. [PMID: 29249963 PMCID: PMC5717030 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal monitoring of patients suggests a causal link between chronic periodontitis and the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the explanation of how periodontitis can lead to dementia remains unclear. A working hypothesis links extrinsic inflammation as a secondary cause of AD. This hypothesis suggests a compromised oral hygiene leads to a dysbiotic oral microbiome whereby Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone periodontal pathogen, with its companion species, orchestrates immune subversion in the host. Brushing and chewing on teeth supported by already injured soft tissues leads to bacteremias. As a result, a persistent systemic inflammatory response develops to periodontal pathogens. The pathogens, and the host’s inflammatory response, subsequently lead to the initiation and progression of multiple metabolic and inflammatory co-morbidities, including AD. Insufficient levels of essential micronutrients can lead to microbial dysbiosis through the growth of periodontal pathogens such as demonstrated for P. gingivalis under low hemin bioavailability. An individual’s diet also defines the consortium of microbial communities that take up residency in the oral and gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiomes. Their imbalance can lead to behavioral changes. For example, probiotics enriched in Lactobacillus genus of bacteria, when ingested, exert some anti-inflammatory influence through common host/bacterial neurochemicals, both locally, and through sensory signaling back to the brain. Early life dietary behaviors may cause an imbalance in the host/microbial endocrinology through a dietary intake incompatible with a healthy GI tract microbiome later in life. This imbalance in host/microbial endocrinology may have a lasting impact on mental health. This observation opens up an opportunity to explore the mechanisms, which may underlie the previously detected relationship between diet, oral/GI microbial communities, to anxiety, cognition and sleep patterns. This review suggests healthy diet based interventions that together with improved life style/behavioral changes may reduce and/or delay the incidence of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Harding
- Dementia & Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrike Gonder
- Nutritionist, Freelance Science Writer, Hünstetten, Germany
| | - Sarita J Robinson
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - StJohn Crean
- Dementia & Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Sim K Singhrao
- Dementia & Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
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41
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Bredesen DE, Amos EC, Canick J, Ackerley M, Raji C, Fiala M, Ahdidan J. Reversal of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:1250-8. [PMID: 27294343 PMCID: PMC4931830 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is one of the most significant healthcare problems nationally and globally. Recently, the first description of the reversal of cognitive decline in patients with early Alzheimer's disease or its precursors, MCI (mild cognitive impairment) and SCI (subjective cognitive impairment), was published [1]. The therapeutic approach used was programmatic and personalized rather than monotherapeutic and invariant, and was dubbed metabolic enhancement for neurodegeneration (MEND). Patients who had had to discontinue work were able to return to work, and those struggling at work were able to improve their performance. The patients, their spouses, and their co-workers all reported clear improvements. Here we report the results from quantitative MRI and neuropsychological testing in ten patients with cognitive decline, nine ApoE4+ (five homozygous and four heterozygous) and one ApoE4−, who were treated with the MEND protocol for 5-24 months. The magnitude of the improvement is unprecedented, providing additional objective evidence that this programmatic approach to cognitive decline is highly effective. These results have far-reaching implications for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, MCI, and SCI; for personalized programs that may enhance pharmaceutical efficacy; and for personal identification of ApoE genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale E Bredesen
- Easton Laboratories for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Edwin C Amos
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan Canick
- Memory Clinic, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Mary Ackerley
- Private Practice of Psychiatry, Tucson, AZ 85718, USA
| | - Cyrus Raji
- Department of Radiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Milan Fiala
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Khalid SI, Ampie L, Kelly R, Ladha SS, Dardis C. Immune Modulation in the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Review of Clinical Trials. Front Neurol 2017; 8:486. [PMID: 28993751 PMCID: PMC5622209 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons. Though many molecular and genetic causes are thought to serve as predisposing or disease propagating factors, the underlying pathogenesis of the disease is not known. Recent discoveries have demonstrated the presence of inflammation propagating substrates in the central nervous system of patients afflicted with ALS. Over the past decade, this hypothesis has incited an effort to better understand the role of the immune system in ALS and has led to the trial of several potential immune-modulating therapies. Here, we briefly review advances in the role of such therapies. The clinical trials discussed here are currently ongoing or have been concluded at the time of writing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonel Ampie
- Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ryan Kelly
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Shafeeq S Ladha
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Christopher Dardis
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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43
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Downregulation of protein phosphatase 2A by apolipoprotein E: Implications for Alzheimer's disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 83:83-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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44
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Eiser AR. Why does Finland have the highest dementia mortality rate? Environmental factors may be generalizable. Brain Res 2017; 1671:14-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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45
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Marotta F, Marcellino M, Solimene U, Cuffari B, Yadav H, Khokhlov AN, Lorenzetti A, Mantello A, Cervi J, Catanzaro R. A 2-year Double-Blind RCT Follow-up Study with Fermented Papaya Preparation (FPP) Modulating Key Markers in Middle-Age Subjects with Clustered Neurodegenerative Disease-Risk Factors. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & BIOPHARMACEUTICS 2017; 6. [PMID: 31007971 PMCID: PMC6474671 DOI: 10.4172/2167-065x.1000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years a number of studies have reported the significant relationship between metabolic syndrome and neurodegenerative disease. There is accumulating evidence that the interplay of combined genetic and environmental risk factors (from diet to life style to pollutants) to intrinsic age-related oxi-inflammatory changes may be advocated for to explain the pandemic of neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years a specific Fermented Papaya Preparation (FPP) has been shown to significantly affect a number of redox signalling abnormalities in a variety of chronic diseases and as well in aging mechanisms either on experimental and on clinical ground. The aim of the present study was to evaluate FPP use in impending metabolic disease patients with potentially neurodegenerative disease clustered risk factors. The study population consisted of 90 patients aged 45-65 years old, with impending metabolic syndrome and previously selected as to be ApoE4 genotype negative. By applying a RCT, double-blind method, one group received FPP 4.5 g twice a day (the most common dosage utilized in prior clinical studies) while the other received an oral antioxidant cocktail (trans-resveratrol, selenium, vitamin E, vitamin C). Then, after 21 month treatment period, a selected heavy metal chelator was added at the dosage of 3 g/nocte for the final 3 months study treatment. The parameters tested were: routine tests oxidized LDL-cholesterol, anti-oxidised LDL, Cyclophilin-A (CyPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and CyPA gene expression. From this study it would appear that FPP, unlike the control antioxidant, significantly decreased oxidized-LDL and near normalizing the anti-Ox-LDL/Ox-LDL ratio (p<0.001) although unaffecting the lipid profile per sè. Moreover, only FPP decreased cyclophilin-A plasma level and plasminogen activator-inhibitor (p<0.01) together with downregulating cyclophilin-A gene expression (p<0.01). Insulin resistance was only mildly improved. Heavy metals gut clearance proved to be effectively enhanced by the chelator (p<0.01) and this was not affected by any of the nutraceuticals, nor it added any further benefit to the biological action of FPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Marotta
- ReGenera Research Group for Aging Intervention, San Babila Clinic, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Solimene
- WHO-Center for Traditional Medicine and Biotechnology, University of Milano, Italy
| | - Biagio Cuffari
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Wake Forest Medical Center, Biotech Place, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Alexander N Khokhlov
- Evolutionary Cytogerontology Sector, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aldo Lorenzetti
- ReGenera Research Group for Aging Intervention, San Babila Clinic, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Joseph Cervi
- ReGenera Research Group for Aging Intervention, San Babila Clinic, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Catanzaro
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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DeGrado TR, Kemp BJ, Pandey MK, Jiang H, Gunderson TM, Linscheid LR, Woodwick AR, McConnell DM, Fletcher JG, Johnson GB, Petersen RC, Knopman DS, Lowe VJ. First PET Imaging Studies With 63Zn-Zinc Citrate in Healthy Human Participants and Patients With Alzheimer Disease. Mol Imaging 2016; 15:15/0/1536012116673793. [PMID: 27941122 PMCID: PMC5469518 DOI: 10.1177/1536012116673793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in zinc homeostasis are indicated in many human diseases, including Alzheimer disease (AD). 63Zn-zinc citrate was developed as a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging probe of zinc transport and used in a first-in-human study in 6 healthy elderly individuals and 6 patients with clinically confirmed AD. Dynamic PET imaging of the brain was performed for 30 minutes following intravenous administration of 63Zn-zinc citrate (∼330 MBq). Subsequently, body PET images were acquired. Urine and venous blood were analyzed to give information on urinary excretion and pharmacokinetics. Regional cerebral 63Zn clearances were compared with 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B (11C-PiB) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) imaging data. 63Zn-zinc citrate was well tolerated in human participants with no adverse events monitored. Tissues of highest uptake were liver, pancreas, and kidney, with moderate uptake being seen in intestines, prostate (in males), thyroid, spleen, stomach, pituitary, and salivary glands. Moderate brain uptake was observed, and regional dependencies were observed in 63Zn clearance kinetics in relationship with regions of high amyloid-β plaque burden (11C-PiB) and 18F-FDG hypometabolism. In conclusion, zinc transport was successfully imaged in human participants using the PET probe 63Zn-zinc citrate. Primary sites of uptake in the digestive system accent the role of zinc in gastrointestinal function. Preliminary information on zinc kinetics in patients with AD evidenced regional differences in clearance rates in correspondence with regional amyloid-β pathology, warranting further imaging studies of zinc homeostasis in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bradley J Kemp
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Huailei Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tina M Gunderson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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47
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Gamberger D, Ženko B, Mitelpunkt A, Shachar N, Lavrač N. Clusters of male and female Alzheimer's disease patients in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Brain Inform 2016; 3:169-179. [PMID: 27525218 PMCID: PMC4963443 DOI: 10.1007/s40708-016-0035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents homogeneous clusters of patients, identified in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data population of 317 females and 342 males, described by a total of 243 biological and clinical descriptors. Clustering was performed with a novel methodology, which supports identification of patient subpopulations that are homogeneous regarding both clinical and biological descriptors. Properties of the constructed clusters clearly demonstrate the differences between female and male Alzheimer's disease patient groups. The major difference is the existence of two male subpopulations with unexpected values of intracerebral and whole brain volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nada Lavrač
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
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48
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Lopez-Escamez JA, Bibas T, Cima RFF, Van de Heyning P, Knipper M, Mazurek B, Szczepek AJ, Cederroth CR. Genetics of Tinnitus: An Emerging Area for Molecular Diagnosis and Drug Development. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:377. [PMID: 27594824 PMCID: PMC4990555 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjective tinnitus is the perception of sound in the absence of external or bodily-generated sounds. Chronic tinnitus is a highly prevalent condition affecting over 70 million people in Europe. A wide variety of comorbidities, including hearing loss, psychiatric disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction, have been suggested to contribute to the onset or progression of tinnitus; however, the precise molecular mechanisms of tinnitus are not well understood and the contribution of genetic and epigenetic factors remains unknown. Human genetic studies could enable the identification of novel molecular therapeutic targets, possibly leading to the development of novel pharmaceutical therapeutics. In this article, we briefly discuss the available evidence for a role of genetics in tinnitus and consider potential hurdles in designing genetic studies for tinnitus. Since multiple diseases have tinnitus as a symptom and the supporting genetic evidence is sparse, we propose various strategies to investigate the genetic underpinnings of tinnitus, first by showing evidence of heritability using concordance studies in twins, and second by improving patient selection according to phenotype and/or etiology in order to control potential biases and optimize genetic data output. The increased knowledge resulting from this endeavor could ultimately improve the drug development process and lead to the preventive or curative treatment of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Lopez-Escamez
- Otology and Neurotology Group, Department of Genomic Medicine, Pfizer - Universidad de Granada - Junta de Andalucía Centro de Genómica e Investigación Oncológica, PTSGranada, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Complejo Hospital Universitario GranadaGranada, Spain
| | - Thanos Bibas
- 1st Department of Otolaryngology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocrateion HospitalAthens, Greece; Ear Institute, UCLLondon, UK
| | - Rilana F F Cima
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Paul Van de Heyning
- University Department ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marlies Knipper
- Hearing Research Centre Tübingen, Molecular Physiology of Hearing Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Mazurek
- Tinnitus Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Christopher R Cederroth
- Experimental Audiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
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49
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Jovanovic M, Todorovic Z, Milovanovic D, Draskovic B, Todorovic A, Petrovic D. Analysis of Risk Factors for Development of Cognitive Disorders in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients - Pilot Study. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/sjecr2-2016-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Prevalence of cognitive disorders is high in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) is used for detecting and evaluation of cognitive disorder degree in this patient population. In examined patient population, only 5 (12.5%) of them had normal cognitive function (MoCA ≥26). Mild cognitive impairment (MoCA 18-26) was found in 65.9% (29) patients, while moderate cognitive disorder (MoCA 10-17) was detected in 6 (21.6%) patients. Major cognitive disorder wasn’t detected in examined population. Statistically signifi cant correlation was not established between laboratory parameters and overall MoCA score. Statistically signifi cant correlation, however, was established between MoCA item that evaluates space and time orientation and intermediate secondary hyperparathyroidism and space and time orientation and severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. Hemodynamic instability during hemodialysis and silent ischemia of the brain are increasing risk of appearance of cognitive disorders in maintenance hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Jovanovic
- Clinic for Urology, Nephrology and Dialysis, Center for Nephrology and Dialysis, Clinical center “Kragujevac”, Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Zeljko Todorovic
- Faculty of medical sciences Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Dragan Milovanovic
- Faculty of medical sciences Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac , Serbia
- Service of clinical pharmacology, Clinical center “Kragujevac”, Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Branislava Draskovic
- Clinic for Urology, Nephrology and Dialysis, Center for Nephrology and Dialysis, Clinical center “Kragujevac”, Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Andreja Todorovic
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Cuprija, Cuprija , Serbia
| | - Dejan Petrovic
- Clinic for Urology, Nephrology and Dialysis, Center for Nephrology and Dialysis, Clinical center “Kragujevac”, Kragujevac , Serbia
- Faculty of medical sciences Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac , Serbia
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50
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Bredesen DE. Inhalational Alzheimer's disease: an unrecognized - and treatable - epidemic. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 8:304-313. [PMID: 26870879 PMCID: PMC4789584 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is one of the most significant healthcare problems today, with a dire need for effective treatment. Identifying subtypes of Alzheimer's disease may aid in the development of therapeutics, and recently three different subtypes have been described: type 1 (inflammatory), type 2 (non-inflammatory or atrophic), and type 3 (cortical). Here I report that type 3 Alzheimer's disease is the result of exposure to specific toxins, and is most commonly inhalational (IAD), a phenotypic manifestation of chronic inflammatory response syndrome (CIRS), due to biotoxins such as mycotoxins. The appropriate recognition of IAD as a potentially important pathogenetic condition in patients with cognitive decline offers the opportunity for successful treatment of a large number of patients whose current prognoses, in the absence of accurate diagnosis, are grave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale E. Bredesen
- Easton Laboratories for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
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