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Prvulovic M, Sokanovic S, Simeunovic V, Vukojevic A, Jovic M, Todorovic S, Mladenovic A. The complex relationship between late-onset caloric restriction and synaptic plasticity in aged Wistar rats. IUBMB Life 2024. [PMID: 38390757 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Age-related reduction in spine density, synaptic marker expression, and synaptic efficiency are frequently reported. These changes provide the cellular and molecular basis for the cognitive decline characteristic for old age. Nevertheless, there are several approaches that have the potential to ameliorate these processes and improve cognition, caloric restriction being one of the most promising and widely studied. While lifelong caloric restriction is known for its numerous beneficial effects, including improved cognitive abilities and increased expression of proteins essential for synaptic structure and function, the effects of late-onset and/or short-term CR on synaptic plasticity have yet to be investigated. We have previously documented that the effects of CR are strongly dependent on whether CR is initiated in young or old subjects. With this in mind, we conducted a long-term study in aging Wistar rats to examine changes in the expression of several key synaptic markers under the regimen of CR started at different time points in life. We found a significant increase in the expression of both presynaptic and postsynaptic markers. However, taking into account previously reported changes in the behavior detected in these animals, we consider that this increase cannot represent beneficial effect of CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Prvulovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srdjan Sokanovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Valentina Simeunovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andjela Vukojevic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Jovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Smilja Todorovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Mladenovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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2
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Shen Y, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Qian S, Xu C, Zhang B. Fibroblast growth factor-21 alleviates proteasome injury via activation of autophagy flux in Parkinson's disease. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:25-32. [PMID: 37910178 PMCID: PMC10786996 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common and complex Neurodegeneration, with an inherited metabolic disorder. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), an endocrine hormone that belongs to the fibroblast growth factor superfamily, plays an extensive role in metabolic regulation. However, our understandings of the specific function and mechanisms of FGF21 on PD are still quite limited. Here, we aimed to elucidate the actions and the underlying mechanisms of FGF21 on dopaminergic neurodegeneration using cellular models of parkinsonism. To investigate the effects of FGF21 on dopaminergic neurodegeneration in vitro, proteasome impairment models of PD were utilized. Human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were treated with the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin (5 μmol/L) for 12 h, then with 50 ng/ml FGF-21 with or without 5 mmol/L of 3-methyladenine.The cells were dissected to assess alterations in autophagy using immunofluorescence, immunoblotting and electron microscopy assays. Our data indicate that FGF21 prevents dopaminergic neuron loss and shows beneficial effects against proteasome impairment induced PD syndrome, indicating it might be a potent candidate for developing novel drugs to deal with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Shen
- College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Zhuoying Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Shuxia Qian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Congying Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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3
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Sonsalla MM, Lamming DW. Geroprotective interventions in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. GeroScience 2023:10.1007/s11357-023-00782-w. [PMID: 37022634 PMCID: PMC10400530 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00782-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disease. As the population ages, the increasing prevalence of AD threatens massive healthcare costs in the coming decades. Unfortunately, traditional drug development efforts for AD have proven largely unsuccessful. A geroscience approach to AD suggests that since aging is the main driver of AD, targeting aging itself may be an effective way to prevent or treat AD. Here, we discuss the effectiveness of geroprotective interventions on AD pathology and cognition in the widely utilized triple-transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD) which develops both β-amyloid and tau pathologies characteristic of human AD, as well as cognitive deficits. We discuss the beneficial impacts of calorie restriction (CR), the gold standard for geroprotective interventions, and the effects of other dietary interventions including protein restriction. We also discuss the promising preclinical results of geroprotective pharmaceuticals, including rapamycin and medications for type 2 diabetes. Though these interventions and treatments have beneficial effects in the 3xTg-AD model, there is no guarantee that they will be as effective in humans, and we discuss the need to examine these interventions in additional animal models as well as the urgent need to test if some of these approaches can be translated from the lab to the bedside for the treatment of humans with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Sonsalla
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2500 Overlook Terrace, VAH C3127 Research 151, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2500 Overlook Terrace, VAH C3127 Research 151, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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4
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Yang L, Nao J. Focus on Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 and Autophagy. Neuroscience 2023; 511:13-28. [PMID: 36372296 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a disorder of the central nervous system that is typically marked by progressive cognitive impairment and memory loss. Amyloid β plaque deposition and neurofibrillary tangles with hyperphosphorylated tau are the two hallmark pathologies of AD. In mammalian cells, autophagy clears aberrant protein aggregates, thus maintaining proteostasis as well as neuronal health. Autophagy affects production and metabolism of amyloid β and accumulation of phosphorylated tau proteins, whose malfunction can lead to the progression of AD. On the other hand, defective autophagy has been found to induce the production of the neuroprotective factor fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), although the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this review, we highlight the significance of aberrant autophagy in the pathogenesis of AD, discuss the possible mechanisms by which defective autophagy induces FGF21 production, and analyze the potential of FGF21 in the treatment of AD. The findings provide some insights into the potential role of FGF21 and autophagy in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jianfei Nao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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5
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Huang Z, Lin HW(K, Zhang Q, Zong X. Targeting Alzheimer's Disease: The Critical Crosstalk between the Liver and Brain. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204298. [PMID: 36296980 PMCID: PMC9609624 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), an age-related neurodegenerative disorder, is currently incurable. Imbalanced amyloid-beta (Aβ) generation and clearance are thought to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AD. Historically, strategies targeting Aβ clearance have typically focused on central clearance, but with limited clinical success. Recently, the contribution of peripheral systems, particularly the liver, to Aβ clearance has sparked an increased interest. In addition, AD presents pathological features similar to those of metabolic syndrome, and the critical involvement of brain energy metabolic disturbances in this disease has been recognized. More importantly, the liver may be a key regulator in these abnormalities, far beyond our past understanding. Here, we review recent animal and clinical findings indicating that liver dysfunction represents an early event in AD pathophysiology. We further propose that compromised peripheral Aβ clearance by the liver and aberrant hepatic physiological processes may contribute to AD neurodegeneration. The role of a hepatic synthesis product, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), in the management of AD is also discussed. A deeper understanding of the communication between the liver and brain may lead to new opportunities for the early diagnosis and treatment of AD.
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SUI Y, CHEN J. Hepatic FGF21: Its Emerging Role in Inter-Organ Crosstalk and Cancers. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5928-5942. [PMID: 36263162 PMCID: PMC9576513 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.76924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 is one of the FGF members with special endocrine properties. In the last twenty years, it has attracted intense research and development for its physiological functions that respond to dietary manipulation, pharmacological benefits of improving the macronutrient metabolism, and clinical values as a biomarker of various human diseases. Generally, FGF21 can be produced by major metabolic organs, but only the subgroup from the liver shows canonical endocrine properties, which emphasizes the special value of delineating the unique secretory and functional characteristics of hepatic FGF21. There has been a growth in literature to address the extra-hepatic activities of FGF21, and many striking findings have therefore been published. Yet, they are fragmented and scattered, and controversies are raised from divergent findings. For this reason, there is a need for a systematic and critical evaluation of current research in this aspect. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge about the molecular biology of endocrine FGF21, especially present details on the regulation of circulating levels of FGF21. We also emphasize its emerging roles in inter-organ crosstalk and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue SUI
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianping CHEN
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.,✉ Corresponding author: Jianping CHEN, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China. Work Telephone Numbers +852-39176479; Fax Numbers 21684259; E-mail:
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Zhou B, Claflin KE, Flippo KH, Sullivan AI, Asghari A, Tadinada SM, Jensen-Cody SO, Abel T, Potthoff MJ. Central FGF21 production regulates memory but not peripheral metabolism. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111239. [PMID: 36001982 PMCID: PMC9472585 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a liver-derived endocrine hormone that functions to regulate energy homeostasis and macronutrient intake. Recently, FGF21 was reported to be produced and secreted from hypothalamic tanycytes, to regulate peripheral lipid metabolism; however, rigorous investigation of FGF21 expression in the brain has yet to be accomplished. Using a mouse model that drives CRE recombinase in FGF21-expressing cells, we demonstrate that FGF21 is not expressed in the hypothalamus, but instead is produced from the retrosplenial cortex (RSC), an essential brain region for spatial learning and memory. Furthermore, we find that central FGF21 produced in the RSC enhances spatial memory but does not regulate energy homeostasis or sugar intake. Finally, our data demonstrate that administration of FGF21 prolongs the duration of long-term potentiation in the hippocampus and enhances activation of hippocampal neurons. Thus, endogenous and pharmacological FGF21 appear to function in the hippocampus to enhance spatial memory. Zhou et al. reveal that the endocrine hormone FGF21 is expressed in the brain. Central FGF21 expression occurs in distinct areas, including the retrosplenial cortex, but not the hypothalamus. Interestingly, brain-derived FGF21 regulates spatial memory formation, but not metabolism, and the converse is true for liver-derived FGF21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolu Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Road, 3322 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Road, 3322 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neurosciences Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Road, 3322 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kristin E Claflin
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Road, 3322 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Road, 3322 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neurosciences Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Road, 3322 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kyle H Flippo
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Road, 3322 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Road, 3322 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neurosciences Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Road, 3322 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Andrew I Sullivan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Road, 3322 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Road, 3322 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neurosciences Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Road, 3322 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Arvand Asghari
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Road, 3322 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Road, 3322 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neurosciences Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Road, 3322 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Satya M Tadinada
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Road, 3322 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neurosciences Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Road, 3322 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Sharon O Jensen-Cody
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Road, 3322 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Road, 3322 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neurosciences Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Road, 3322 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ted Abel
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Road, 3322 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neurosciences Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Road, 3322 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Matthew J Potthoff
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Road, 3322 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Road, 3322 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neurosciences Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Road, 3322 PBDB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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8
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Hu C, Dai Z, Xu J, Zhao L, Xu Y, Li M, Yu J, Zhang L, Deng H, Liu L, Zhang M, Huang J, Wu L, Chen G. Proteome Profiling Identifies Serum Biomarkers in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865425. [PMID: 35603148 PMCID: PMC9120366 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) causes serious disability and productivity loss, and there is an urgent need for appropriate biomarkers for diagnosis, treatment assessment, and prognosis evaluation. To identify serum markers of RA, we performed mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, and we obtained 24 important markers in normal and RA patient samples using a random forest machine learning model and 11 protein–protein interaction (PPI) network topological analysis methods. Markers were reanalyzed using additional proteomics datasets, immune infiltration status, tissue specificity, subcellular localization, correlation analysis with disease activity-based diagnostic indications, and diagnostic receiver-operating characteristic analysis. We discovered that ORM1 in serum is significantly differentially expressed in normal and RA patient samples, which is positively correlated with disease activity, and is closely related to CD56dim natural killer cell, effector memory CD8+T cell, and natural killer cell in the pathological mechanism, which can be better utilized for future research on RA. This study supplies a comprehensive strategy for discovering potential serum biomarkers of RA and provides a different perspective for comprehending the pathological mechanism of RA, identifying potential therapeutic targets, and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congqi Hu
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Dai
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Xu
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianyu Zhao
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Xu
- Baiyun Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meilin Li
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Deng
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingying Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiarong Huang
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, China
| | - Linping Wu
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Linping Wu, ; Guangxing Chen,
| | - Guangxing Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Baiyun Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Linping Wu, ; Guangxing Chen,
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Li X, Zhang Y, Su L, Cai L, Zhang C, Zhang J, Sun J, Chai M, Cai M, Wu Q, Zhang C, Yan X, Wang L, Huang X. FGF21 alleviates pulmonary hypertension by inhibiting mTORC1/EIF4EBP1 pathway via H19. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:3005-3021. [PMID: 35437883 PMCID: PMC9097832 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a significant role in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Our preliminary data showed that hypoxia‐induced PH is attenuated by fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) administration. Therefore, we further investigated the regulatory role of long non‐coding RNAs in PH treated with FGF21. RNA sequencing analysis and real‐time PCR identified a significantly up‐regulation of the H19 after FGF21 administration. Moreover, gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays demonstrated that FGF21 suppressed hypoxia‐induced proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells partially through upregulation of H19. In addition, FGF21 deficiency markedly exacerbated hypoxia‐induced increases of pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular remodelling. In addition, AAV‐mediated H19 overexpression reversed the malignant phenotype of FGF21 knockout mice under hypoxia expose. Further investigation uncovered that H19 also acted as an orchestra conductor that inhibited the function of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) by disrupting the interaction of mTORC1 with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E–binding protein 1 (EIF4EBP1). Our work highlights the important role of H19 in PH treated with FGF21 and suggests a mechanism involving mTORC1/EIF4EBP1 inhibition, which may provide a fundamental for clinical application of FGF21 in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuchun Li
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lihuang Su
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Luqiong Cai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianhao Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Sun
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mengyu Chai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mengsi Cai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications at Department of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications at Department of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Liangxing Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, P.R. China
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Shepilov D, Kovalenko T, Osadchenko I, Smozhanyk K, Marungruang N, Ushakova G, Muraviova D, Hållenius F, Prykhodko O, Skibo G. Varying Dietary Component Ratios and Lingonberry Supplementation May Affect the Hippocampal Structure of ApoE–/– Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:565051. [PMID: 35252286 PMCID: PMC8890029 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.565051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate and compare the morphological and biochemical characteristics of the hippocampus and the spatial memory of young adult ApoE–/– mice on a standard chow diet, a low-fat diet (LFD), a high-fat diet (HFD), and an HFD supplemented with lingonberries. Methods Eight-week-old ApoE–/– males were divided into five groups fed standard chow (Control), an LFD (LF), an HFD (HF), and an HFD supplemented with whole lingonberries (HF+WhLB) or the insoluble fraction of lingonberries (HF+InsLB) for 8 weeks. The hippocampal cellular structure was evaluated using light microscopy and immunohistochemistry; biochemical analysis and T-maze test were also performed. Structural synaptic plasticity was assessed using electron microscopy. Results ApoE–/– mice fed an LFD expressed a reduction in the number of intact CA1 pyramidal neurons compared with HF+InsLB animals and the 1.6–3.8-fold higher density of hyperchromic (damaged) hippocampal neurons relative to other groups. The LF group had also morphological and biochemical indications of astrogliosis. Meanwhile, both LFD- and HFD-fed mice demonstrated moderate microglial activation and a decline in synaptic density. The consumption of lingonberry supplements significantly reduced the microglia cell area, elevated the total number of synapses and multiple synapses, and increased postsynaptic density length in the hippocampus of ApoE–/– mice, as compared to an LFD and an HFD without lingonberries. Conclusion Our results suggest that, in contrast to the inclusion of fats in a diet, increased starch amount (an LFD) and reduction of dietary fiber (an LFD/HFD) might be unfavorable for the hippocampal structure of young adult (16-week-old) male ApoE–/– mice. Lingonberries and their insoluble fraction seem to provide a neuroprotective effect on altered synaptic plasticity in ApoE–/– animals. Observed morphological changes in the hippocampus did not result in notable spatial memory decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Shepilov
- Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
- *Correspondence: Dmytro Shepilov
| | - Tatiana Kovalenko
- Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Osadchenko
- Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Smozhanyk
- Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nittaya Marungruang
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Galyna Ushakova
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Diana Muraviova
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Frida Hållenius
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olena Prykhodko
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Galyna Skibo
- Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Can dietary patterns prevent cognitive impairment and reduce Alzheimer's disease risk: exploring the underlying mechanisms of effects. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104556. [PMID: 35122783 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the fastest growing cognitive decline-related neurological diseases. To date, effective curative strategies have remained elusive. A growing body of evidence indicates that dietary patterns have significant effects on cognitive function and the risk of developing AD. Previous studies on the association between diet and AD risk have mainly focused on individual food components and specific nutrients, and the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of dietary patterns on AD are not well understood. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of dietary patterns, including the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet, Mediterranean-DASH diet intervention for neurological delay (MIND), ketogenic diet, caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, methionine restriction, and low-protein and high-carbohydrate diet, on cognitive impairment and summarizes the underlying mechanisms by which dietary patterns attenuate cognitive impairment, especially highlighting the modulation of dietary patterns on cognitive impairment through gut microbiota. Furthermore, considering the variability in individual metabolic responses to dietary intake, we put forward a framework to develop personalized dietary patterns for people with cognitive disorders or AD based on individual gut microbiome compositions.
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12
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Zhang L, Xu H, Ding N, Li X, Chen X, Chen Z. Beneficial Effects on Brain Micro-Environment by Caloric Restriction in Alleviating Neurodegenerative Diseases and Brain Aging. Front Physiol 2021; 12:715443. [PMID: 34899367 PMCID: PMC8660583 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.715443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and neurodegenerative diseases are frequently associated with the disruption of the extracellular microenvironment, which includes mesenchyme and body fluid components. Caloric restriction (CR) has been recognized as a lifestyle intervention that can improve long-term health. In addition to preventing metabolic disorders, CR has been shown to improve brain health owing to its enhancing effect on cognitive functions or retarding effect on the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. This article summarizes current findings regarding the neuroprotective effects of CR, which include the modulation of metabolism, autophagy, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. This review may offer future perspectives for brain aging interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Central CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.,Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Huachong Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Key Laboratory of Central CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyin Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuangfei Chen
- Medical College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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13
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李 莉, 邹 志, 李 琴, 张 堃, 苏 磊, 古 正. [Extranuclear p53 suppresses autophagy through AMPK/mTOR signaling to promote heat stress-induced vascular endothelial cell damage]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:1664-1671. [PMID: 34916192 PMCID: PMC8685697 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.11.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of extranuclear p53-mediated autophagy suppression by regulating AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in heat stress (HS)-induced injury of mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs). METHODS Primary cultures of MAECs were pretreated with compound C (an AMPK inhibitor), rapamycin (a mTOR inhibitor) or pifithrin-α (PFT, a selective p53 inhibitor) for 1 h before exposure to HS (43 ℃) for 2 h. The changes in cell viability at different time points after HS were examined using CCK-8 assay, and the protein expressions of P53, LC3-II, Beclin-1, p62 and the AMPK/mTOR signaling proteins were detected using Western blotting. In the animal experiment, C57 mice were pretreated with compound C, rapamycin or PFT and exposed to a high temperature at 40 ℃ to induce HS. The pathological changes in the aorta of the mice were observed with HE staining, and cell apoptosis was detected using TUNEL staining. RESULTS In cultured MAECs, the cell viability was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) and the mitochondrial fraction of p53 increased while its cytoplasmic fraction decreased progressively over time following HS. HS significantly lowered the expressions of LC3-II and Beclin-1, increased p62 level, suppressed AMPK phosphorylation, and increased mTOR phosphorylation and the expressions of its downstream proteins at 6 h after the exposure (P < 0.05). Pretreatment with compound C significantly inhibited LC3-II and Beclin- 1 expression, enhanced p62 expression, and aggravated HS-induced cell injury and apoptosis in MAECs; rapamycin treatment produced the opposite effects (P < 0.05). PFT treatment significantly enhanced the viability of MAECs and alleviated HSinduced injury and apoptosis; PFT also significantly promoted activation of AMPK phosphorylation, inhibited mTOR phosphorylation and its downstream proteins (P < 0.05), enhanced the expressions of LC3-II and Beclin 1, and inhibited p62 expression in the MAECs (P < 0.05). In C57 mice, HS resulted in swelling, shedding and apoptosis of aortic vascular endothelial cells. Pretreatment with compound C obviously aggravated HS-induced vascular injury and endothelial cell apoptosis, while pretreatment with either rapamycin or PFT significantly alleviated these injuries. CONCLUSION Autophagy inhibition mediated by extranuclear p53 via inhibiting AMPK activity and activating mTOR signaling participates in HS-induced injury of MAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- 莉 李
- 南方医科大学第三附属医院创伤救治中心,广东 广州 510630Treatment Center for Traumatic Injuries, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- 广东省骨科研究院//广东省骨科医院//广东省骨与关节退行性疾病重点实验室,广东 广州 510630Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province//Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province//Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 志敏 邹
- 南方医科大学第三附属医院创伤救治中心,广东 广州 510630Treatment Center for Traumatic Injuries, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- 广东省骨科研究院//广东省骨科医院//广东省骨与关节退行性疾病重点实验室,广东 广州 510630Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province//Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province//Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 琴 李
- 南方医科大学第三附属医院创伤救治中心,广东 广州 510630Treatment Center for Traumatic Injuries, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- 广东省骨科研究院//广东省骨科医院//广东省骨与关节退行性疾病重点实验室,广东 广州 510630Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province//Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province//Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 堃 张
- 南方医科大学第三附属医院创伤救治中心,广东 广州 510630Treatment Center for Traumatic Injuries, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- 广东省骨科研究院//广东省骨科医院//广东省骨与关节退行性疾病重点实验室,广东 广州 510630Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province//Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province//Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 磊 苏
- 中国人民解放军南部战区总医院重症医学科,广东 广州 510010Department of Critical Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - 正涛 古
- 南方医科大学第三附属医院创伤救治中心,广东 广州 510630Treatment Center for Traumatic Injuries, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- 广东省骨科研究院//广东省骨科医院//广东省骨与关节退行性疾病重点实验室,广东 广州 510630Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province//Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province//Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangzhou 510630, China
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New insights into the role of fibroblast growth factors in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:1413-1427. [PMID: 34731369 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), acknowledged as the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly. The characteristic pathologic hallmarks of AD-including the deposition of extracellular senile plaques (SP) formation, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, and synaptic loss, along with prominent vascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment-have been observed in patients. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), originally characterized as angiogenic factors, are a large family of signaling molecules that are implicated in a wide range of biological functions in brain development, maintenance and repair, as well as in the pathogenesis of brain-related disorders including AD. Many studies have focused on the implication of FGFs in AD pathophysiology. In this review, we will provide a summary of recent findings regarding the role of FGFs and their receptors in the pathogenesis of AD, and discuss the possible opportunities for targeting these molecules as novel treatment strategies in AD.
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15
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Evaluating the beneficial effects of dietary restrictions: A framework for precision nutrigeroscience. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2142-2173. [PMID: 34555343 PMCID: PMC8845500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) has long been viewed as the most robust nongenetic means to extend lifespan and healthspan. Many aging-associated mechanisms are nutrient responsive, but despite the ubiquitous functions of these pathways, the benefits of DR often vary among individuals and even among tissues within an individual, challenging the aging research field. Furthermore, it is often assumed that lifespan interventions like DR will also extend healthspan, which is thus often ignored in aging studies. In this review, we provide an overview of DR as an intervention and discuss the mechanisms by which it affects lifespan and various healthspan measures. We also review studies that demonstrate exceptions to the standing paradigm of DR being beneficial, thus raising new questions that future studies must address. We detail critical factors for the proposed field of precision nutrigeroscience, which would utilize individualized treatments and predict outcomes using biomarkers based on genotype, sex, tissue, and age.
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16
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Wang J, Napoli E, Kim K, McLennan YA, Hagerman RJ, Giulivi C. Brain Atrophy and White Matter Damage Linked to Peripheral Bioenergetic Deficits in the Neurodegenerative Disease FXTAS. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9171. [PMID: 34502080 PMCID: PMC8431233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting subjects (premutation carriers) with a 55-200 CGG-trinucleotide expansion in the 5'UTR of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1) typically after age 50. As both the presence of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and atrophied gray matter on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are linked to age-dependent decline in cognition, here we tested whether MRI outcomes (WMH volume (WMHV) and brain volume) were correlated with mitochondrial bioenergetics from peripheral blood monocytic cells in 87 carriers with and without FXTAS. As a parameter assessing cumulative damage, WMHV was correlated to both FXTAS stages and age, and brain volume discriminated between carriers and non-carriers. Similarly, mitochondrial mass and ATP production showed an age-dependent decline across all participants, but in contrast to WMHV, only FADH2-linked ATP production was significantly reduced in carriers vs. non-carriers. In carriers, WMHV negatively correlated with ATP production sustained by glucose-glutamine and FADH2-linked substrates, whereas brain volume was positively associated with the latter and mitochondrial mass. The observed correlations between peripheral mitochondrial bioenergetics and MRI findings-and the lack of correlations with FXTAS diagnosis/stages-may stem from early brain bioenergetic deficits even before overt FXTAS symptoms and/or imaging findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Wang
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA;
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- The MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (K.K.); (Y.A.M.)
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Yingratana A. McLennan
- The MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (K.K.); (Y.A.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Randi J. Hagerman
- The MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (K.K.); (Y.A.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- The MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (K.K.); (Y.A.M.)
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17
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Karoglu-Eravsar ET, Tuz-Sasik MU, Adams MM. Short-term dietary restriction maintains synaptic plasticity whereas short-term overfeeding alters cellular dynamics in the aged brain: evidence from the zebrafish model organism. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 106:169-182. [PMID: 34284260 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increased caloric intake (OF) impairs quality of life causing comorbidities with other diseases and cognitive deficits, whereas dietary restriction (DR) increases healthspan by preventing age-related deteriorations. To understand the effects of these opposing dietary regimens on the cellular and synaptic dynamics during brain aging, the zebrafish model, which shows gradual aging like mammals, was utilized. Global changes in cellular and synaptic markers with respect to age and a 12 week dietary regimen of OF and DR demonstrated that aging reduces the levels of the glutamate receptor subunits, GLUR2/3, inhibitory synaptic clustering protein, GEP, synaptic vesicle protein, SYP, and early-differentiated neuronal marker, HuC. DR significantly elevates levels of glutamate receptor subunits, GLUR2/3, and NMDA clustering protein, PSD95, levels, while OF subtly increases the level of the neuronal protein, DCAMKL1. These data suggest that decreased caloric intake within the context of aging has more robust effects on synapses than cellular proteins, whereas OF alters cellular dynamics. Thus, patterns like these should be taken into account for possible translation to human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Tugce Karoglu-Eravsar
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Psychology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Melek Umay Tuz-Sasik
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michelle M Adams
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
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18
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Perluigi M, Di Domenico F, Barone E, Butterfield DA. mTOR in Alzheimer disease and its earlier stages: Links to oxidative damage in the progression of this dementing disorder. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:382-396. [PMID: 33933601 PMCID: PMC8145782 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia in the elderly population and has worldwide impact. The etiology of the disease is complex and results from the confluence of multiple mechanisms ultimately leading to neuronal loss and cognitive decline. Among risk factors, aging is the most relevant and accounts for several pathogenic events that contribute to disease-specific toxic mechanisms. Accumulating evidence linked the alterations of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/threonine protein kinase playing a key role in the regulation of protein synthesis and degradation, to age-dependent cognitive decline and pathogenesis of AD. To date, growing studies demonstrated that aberrant mTOR signaling in the brain affects several pathways involved in energy metabolism, cell growth, mitochondrial function and proteostasis. Recent advances associated alterations of the mTOR pathway with the increased oxidative stress. Disruption of all these events strongly contribute to age-related cognitive decline including AD. The current review discusses the main regulatory roles of mTOR signaling network in the brain, focusing on its role in autophagy, oxidative stress and energy metabolism. Collectively, experimental data suggest that targeting mTOR in the CNS can be a valuable strategy to prevent/slow the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - F Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - E Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - D A Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy; Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0055, USA.
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19
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Lee B, Shin M, Park Y, Won SY, Cho KS. Physical Exercise-Induced Myokines in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115795. [PMID: 34071457 PMCID: PMC8198301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of the nervous system. Currently, there is no disease-modifying treatments for most NDs. Meanwhile, numerous studies conducted on human and animal models over the past decades have showed that exercises had beneficial effects on NDs. Inter-tissue communication by myokine, a peptide produced and secreted by skeletal muscles during exercise, is thought to be an important underlying mechanism for the advantages. Here, we reviewed studies about the effects of myokines regulated by exercise on NDs and their mechanisms. Myokines could exert beneficial effects on NDs through a variety of regulatory mechanisms, including cell survival, neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, proteostasis, oxidative stress, and protein modification. Studies on exercise-induced myokines are expected to provide a novel strategy for treating NDs, for which there are no adequate treatments nowadays. To date, only a few myokines have been investigated for their effects on NDs and studies on mechanisms involved in them are in their infancy. Therefore, future studies are needed to discover more myokines and test their effects on NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banseok Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (B.L.); (M.S.); (Y.P.)
| | - Myeongcheol Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (B.L.); (M.S.); (Y.P.)
| | - Youngjae Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (B.L.); (M.S.); (Y.P.)
| | - So-Yoon Won
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (B.L.); (M.S.); (Y.P.)
- Korea Hemp Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.W.); (K.S.C.); Tel.: +82-10-3688-5474 (S.-Y.W.); Tel.: +82-2-450-3424 (K.S.C.)
| | - Kyoung Sang Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (B.L.); (M.S.); (Y.P.)
- Korea Hemp Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.W.); (K.S.C.); Tel.: +82-10-3688-5474 (S.-Y.W.); Tel.: +82-2-450-3424 (K.S.C.)
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20
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Fedotova АА, Tiaglik АB, Semyanov АV. Effect of Diet as a Factor of Exposome
on Brain Function. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021030108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Yu M, Zhang H, Wang B, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Shao B, Zhuge Q, Jin K. Key Signaling Pathways in Aging and Potential Interventions for Healthy Aging. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030660. [PMID: 33809718 PMCID: PMC8002281 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a fundamental biological process accompanied by a general decline in tissue function. Indeed, as the lifespan increases, age-related dysfunction, such as cognitive impairment or dementia, will become a growing public health issue. Aging is also a great risk factor for many age-related diseases. Nowadays, people want not only to live longer but also healthier. Therefore, there is a critical need in understanding the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating aging that will allow us to modify the aging process for healthy aging and alleviate age-related disease. Here, we reviewed the recent breakthroughs in the mechanistic understanding of biological aging, focusing on the adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways, which are currently considered critical for aging. We also discussed how these proteins and pathways may potentially interact with each other to regulate aging. We further described how the knowledge of these pathways may lead to new interventions for antiaging and against age-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (M.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Brian Wang
- Pathnova Laboratories Pte. Ltd. 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604, Singapore;
| | - Yinuo Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (M.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (M.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Bei Shao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China;
| | - Qichuan Zhuge
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (M.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (K.J.); Tel.: +86-577-55579339 (Q.Z.); +1-81-7735-2579 (K.J.)
| | - Kunlin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (K.J.); Tel.: +86-577-55579339 (Q.Z.); +1-81-7735-2579 (K.J.)
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Abstract
Life expectancy in most developed countries has been rising over the past century. In the UK alone, there are about 12 million people over 65 years old and centenarians have increased by 85% in the past 15 years. As a result of the ageing population, which is due mainly to improvements in medical treatments, public health, improved housing and lifestyle choices, there is an associated increase in the prevalence of pathological conditions, such as metabolic disorders, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, many types of cancer and others. Statistics suggest that nearly 54% of elderly people in the UK live with at least two chronic conditions, revealing the urgency for identifying interventions that can prevent and/or treat such disorders. Non-pharmacological, dietary interventions such as energetic restriction (ER) and methionine restriction (MR) have revealed promising outcomes in increasing longevity and preventing and/or reversing the development of ageing-associated disorders. In this review, we discuss the evidence and mechanisms that are involved in these processes. Fibroblast growth factor 1 and hydrogen sulphide are important molecules involved in the effects of ER and MR in the extension of life span. Their role is also associated with the prevention of metabolic and cognitive disorders, highlighting these interventions as promising modulators for improvement of health span.
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Yang Y, Zhang L. The effects of caloric restriction and its mimetics in Alzheimer's disease through autophagy pathways. Food Funct 2020; 11:1211-1224. [PMID: 32068753 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02611h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that commonly occurs among older individuals. Increasing evidence suggests that a low-caloric diet might be a promising adjuvant therapeutic strategy for slowing or preventing the pathogenesis and progression of AD through the induction of autophagy. Several intracellular pathways have been implicated in caloric restriction (CR)-induced autophagy. In this review, we summarized the efficacy of CR as well as its mimetics (resveratrol, spermidine, aspirin, rapamycin, metformin, and curcumin) in improving cognitive function of rodent models of AD. On the basis of recent in vitro and animal studies, the beneficial effects of CR- or caloric restriction mimetics-induced autophagy in alleviating amyloid burden and tau pathology of AD were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
| | - Lihui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
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24
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Kuhla A, Meuth L, Stenzel J, Lindner T, Lappe C, Kurth J, Krause BJ, Teipel S, Glass Ä, Kundt G, Vollmar B. Longitudinal [ 18F]FDG-PET/CT analysis of the glucose metabolism in ApoE-deficient mice. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:119. [PMID: 33029684 PMCID: PMC7541807 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00711-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Strong line of evidence suggests that the increased risk to develop AD may at least be partly mediated by cholesterol metabolism. A key regulator of cholesterol transport is the Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4), which plays a fundamental role in neuronal maintenance and repair. Impaired function of ApoE4 may contribute to altered cerebral metabolism leading to higher susceptibility to neurodegeneration. Methods To determine a possible link between ApoE function and alterations in AD in the brain of Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (ApoE−/−) in a longitudinal manner metabolic and neurochemical parameters were analyzed. Cortical metabolism was measured by 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoroglucose ([18F]FDG)-PET/CT and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) served to record neurochemical status. Results By using [18F]FDG-PET/CT, we showed that brain metabolism declined significantly stronger with age in ApoE−/− versus wild type (wt) mice. This difference was particularly evident at the age of 41 weeks in almost each analyzed brain region. In contrast, the 1H-MRS-measured N-acetylaspartate to creatine ratio, a marker of neuronal viability, did not decline with age and did not differ between ApoE−/− and wt mice. Conclusion In summary, this longitudinal in vivo study shows for the first time that ApoE−/− mice depict cerebral hypometabolism without neurochemical alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Kuhla
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69a, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Lou Meuth
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69a, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Stenzel
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tobias Lindner
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Chris Lappe
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pediatric and Neuroradiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jens Kurth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd J Krause
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Änne Glass
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Guenther Kundt
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69a, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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25
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Kuhla A, Brichmann E, Rühlmann C, Thiele R, Meuth L, Vollmar B. Metformin Therapy Aggravates Neurodegenerative Processes in ApoE-/- Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:1415-1427. [PMID: 30909226 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that individuals with diabetes mellitus are at greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. A well-known insulin-sensitizing drug and the most widely prescribed oral medication for diabetes is metformin. There is evidence that metformin acts in a neuroprotective manner via the AMPK/mTOR pathway by inhibiting the tau phosphorylation. In addition, it is known that metformin upregulates Fgf21, which in turn activates the AMPK/mTOR pathway and mediates neuroprotection. Thus, metformin-induced Fgf21 release may be involved in AMPK/mTOR activation. However, some studies reported that metformin causes cognition impairment. Due to the controversial data on the neuroprotective properties of metformin, we treated Apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE- /-) mice, a mouse model of tauopathy, with metformin for 18 weeks. Metformin-treated mice revealed increased expression of lipogenic genes, i.e., lxrα and srebp1c. In line with this, metformin caused an increase in plasma triglyceride leading to enhanced gliosis as indicated by an increase of GFAP-positive cells. Although the systemic Fgf21 concentration was increased, metformin did not activate the FgfR1c/AMPK/mTOR pathway suggesting a Fgf21-resistant state. Further, metformin-treated mice showed increased tau phosphorylation and reduced numbers of NeuN-and PSD95-positive cells. Thus, metformin-associated lipogenesis as well as inflammation aggravated neurodegenerative processes in ApoE- /- mice. Consequently, this study supports previous observations showing that metformin causes impairment of cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Kuhla
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Elaine Brichmann
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Claire Rühlmann
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Robin Thiele
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Lou Meuth
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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26
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Lee JY, Kennedy BK, Liao CY. Mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling in mouse models of accelerated aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:64-72. [PMID: 30900725 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an essential nutrient-sensing kinase that integrates and regulates a number of fundamental cellular processes required for cell growth, cell motility, translation, metabolism, and autophagy. mTOR signaling has been implicated in the progression of many human diseases, and its dysregulation has been reported in several pathological processes, especially in age-related human diseases and mouse models of accelerated aging. In addition, many studies have demonstrated that the regulation of mTOR activity has a beneficial effect on longevity in several mouse models of aging. However, not all mouse models of accelerated aging show positive effects on aging-associated phenotypes in response to targeting mTOR signaling. Here, we review the effects of interventions that modulate mTOR signaling on aging-related phenotypes in different mouse models of accelerated aging and discuss their implications with respect to aging and aging-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Lee
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, National University Health System, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Chen-Yu Liao
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California
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27
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Dias IR, Santos CDS, Magalhães CODE, de Oliveira LRS, Peixoto MFD, De Sousa RAL, Cassilhas RC. Does calorie restriction improve cognition? IBRO Rep 2020; 9:37-45. [PMID: 33336102 PMCID: PMC7733132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) has been considered the most effective non-pharmacological intervention to counteract aging-related diseases and improve longevity. This intervention has shown beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of several chronic diseases and functional declines related to aging, such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and neuroendocrine disorders. However, the effects of CR on cognition show controversial results since its effects vary according to intensity, duration, and the period of CR. This review focuses on the main studies published in the last ten years regarding the consequences of CR on cognition in different neurological diseases and conditions of experimental animals. Also, possible CR mimetics are discussed. These findings highlight the potential beneficial effects of CR of up to 40 % on cognition when started early in life in non human animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Rocha Dias
- Neuroplasticity and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neuroplasticidade e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Carina de Sousa Santos
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Caíque Olegário Diniz E Magalhães
- Neuroplasticity and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neuroplasticidade e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Renan Sena de Oliveira
- Neuroplasticity and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neuroplasticidade e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias Peixoto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Neuroplasticity and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neuroplasticidade e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Post Graduation Program in Health Science (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Neuroplasticity and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neuroplasticidade e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Neuroplasticity and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neuroplasticidade e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Post Graduation Program in Health Science (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
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28
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Sánchez-Melgar A, Albasanz JL, Martín M. Polyphenols and Neuroprotection: The Role of Adenosine Receptors. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1089/caff.2019.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Sánchez-Melgar
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, CRIB, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Luis Albasanz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, CRIB, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Mairena Martín
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, CRIB, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
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29
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Reiterer M, Schmidt-Kastner R, Milton SL. Methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) dysfunction in human brain disease. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:1144-1154. [PMID: 31775527 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1662899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research has shown that oxidative stress is strongly associated with aging, senescence and several diseases, including neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Oxidative stress is caused by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can be counteracted by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. One of these antioxidant mechanisms is the widely studied methionine sulfoxide reductase system (Msr). Methionine is one of the most easily oxidized amino acids and Msr can reverse this oxidation and restore protein function, with MsrA and MsrB reducing different stereoisomers. This article focuses on experimental and genetic research performed on Msr and its link to brain diseases. Studies on several model systems as well as genome-wide association studies are compiled to highlight the role of MSRA in schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Genetic variation of MSRA may also contribute to the risk of psychosis, personality traits, and metabolic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Reiterer
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | | | - Sarah L Milton
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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30
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Bianchi VE, Herrera PF, Laura R. Effect of nutrition on neurodegenerative diseases. A systematic review. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 24:810-834. [PMID: 31684843 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1681088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive functional loss of neurons in the brain, causing cognitive impairment and motoneuron disability. Although multifactorial interactions are evident, nutrition plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and evolution of these diseases. A systematic literature search was performed, and the prevalence of studies evaluated the effect of the Mediterranean diet (MeDiet), nutritional support, EPA and DHA, and vitamins on memory and cognition impairment. The data showed that malnutrition and low body mass index (BMI) is correlated with the higher development of dementia and mortality. MeDiet, nutritional support, and calorie-controlled diets play a protective effect against cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD) while malnutrition and insulin resistance represent significant risk factors. Malnutrition activates also the gut-microbiota-brain axis dysfunction that exacerbate neurogenerative process. Omega-3 and -6, and the vitamins supplementation seem to be less effective in protecting neuron degeneration. Insulin activity is a prevalent factor contributing to brain health while malnutrition correlated with the higher development of dementia and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pomares Fredy Herrera
- Director del Centro de Telemedicina, Grupo de investigación en Atención Primaria en salud/Telesalud, Doctorado en Medicina /Neurociencias, University of Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Rizzi Laura
- Molecular Biology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza Brianza, Italy
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31
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Roitenberg N, Cohen E. Lipid Assemblies at the Crossroads of Aging, Proteostasis, and Neurodegeneration. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:954-963. [PMID: 31669295 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The proteostasis network (PN) is a nexus of mechanisms that act in concert to maintain the integrity of the proteome. Efficiency of the PN declines with age, resulting in the accumulation of misfolded proteins, and in some cases in the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, maintaining an active and efficient PN through the late stages of life could delay or prevent neurodegeneration. Indeed, altering the activity of aging-regulating pathways protects model organisms from neurodegeneration-linked toxic protein aggregation. Here, we delineate evidence that the formation and integrity of lipid assemblies are affected by aging-regulating pathways, and describe the roles of these structures in proteostasis maintenance. We also highlight future research directions and discuss the possibility that compounds which modulate lipid assemblies could be used for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Roitenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel - Canada (IMRIC), the Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Ehud Cohen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel - Canada (IMRIC), the Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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32
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Talbot SR, Biernot S, Bleich A, van Dijk RM, Ernst L, Häger C, Helgers SOA, Koegel B, Koska I, Kuhla A, Miljanovic N, Müller-Graff FT, Schwabe K, Tolba R, Vollmar B, Weegh N, Wölk T, Wolf F, Wree A, Zieglowski L, Potschka H, Zechner D. Defining body-weight reduction as a humane endpoint: a critical appraisal. Lab Anim 2019; 54:99-110. [PMID: 31665969 DOI: 10.1177/0023677219883319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In many animal experiments scientists and local authorities define a body-weight reduction of 20% or more as severe suffering and thereby as a potential parameter for humane endpoint decisions. In this study, we evaluated distinct animal experiments in multiple research facilities, and assessed whether 20% body-weight reduction is a valid humane endpoint criterion in rodents. In most experiments (restraint stress, distinct models for epilepsy, pancreatic resection, liver resection, caloric restrictive feeding and a mouse model for Dravet syndrome) the animals lost less than 20% of their original body weight. In a glioma model, a fast deterioration in body weight of less than 20% was observed as a reliable predictor for clinical deterioration. In contrast, after induction of chronic diabetes or acute colitis some animals lost more than 20% of their body weight without exhibiting major signs of distress. In these two animal models an exclusive application of the 20% weight loss criterion for euthanasia might therefore result in an unnecessary loss of animals. However, we also confirmed that this criterion can be a valid parameter for defining the humane endpoint in other animal models, especially when it is combined with additional criteria for evaluating distress. In conclusion, our findings strongly suggest that experiment and model specific considerations are necessary for the rational integration of the parameter 'weight loss' in severity assessment schemes and humane endpoint criteria. A flexible implementation tailored to the experiment or intervention by scientists and authorities is therefore highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Talbot
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Svenja Biernot
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Andre Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Ernst
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science & Experimental Surgery and Central Laboratory for Laboratory Animal Science, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Christine Häger
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | - Babette Koegel
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science & Experimental Surgery and Central Laboratory for Laboratory Animal Science, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Ines Koska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Germany
| | - Angela Kuhla
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nina Miljanovic
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Schwabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Rene Tolba
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science & Experimental Surgery and Central Laboratory for Laboratory Animal Science, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nora Weegh
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Tjark Wölk
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Fabio Wolf
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Germany
| | - Andreas Wree
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Leonie Zieglowski
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science & Experimental Surgery and Central Laboratory for Laboratory Animal Science, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Heidrun Potschka
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Germany
| | - Dietmar Zechner
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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33
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Ren Z, Xiao W, Zeng Y, Liu MH, Li GH, Tang ZH, Qu SL, Hao YM, Yuan HQ, Jiang ZS. Fibroblast growth factor-21 alleviates hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes by promoting autophagic flux. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:1321-1330. [PMID: 30664197 PMCID: PMC6365083 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21, a member of the family of FGFs, exhibits protective effects against myocardial ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion injury; it is also an enhancer of autophagy. However, the mechanisms underlying the protective role of FGF-21 against cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of FGF-21 on H9c2 cardiomyocyte injury induced by H/R and the mechanism associated with changes in autophagy. Cultured H9c2 cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia were treated with a vehicle or FGF-21 during reoxygenation. The viability of H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes was measured using Cell Counting Kit-8 and trypan blue exclusion assays. The contents of creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnT), cardiac troponin T (cTnI) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in culture medium were detected with a CK, CK-MB, cTnT, cTnI and LDH assay kits. The protein levels were examined by western blot analysis. Autophagic flux was detected by Ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3B autophagy fluorescent adenovirus reagent. The results indicated that FGF-21 alleviated H/R-induced H9c2 myocardial cell injury and enhanced autophagic flux during H/R, and that this effect was antagonized by co-treatment with 3-methyladenine, an autophagy inhibitor. Furthermore, FGF-21 increased the expression levels of Beclin-1 and Vps34 proteins, but not of mechanistic target of rapamycin. These data indicate that FGF-21 treatment limited H/R injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes by promoting autophagic flux through upregulation of the expression levels of Beclin-1 and Vps34 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Ren
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Weijin Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Mi-Hua Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Han Tang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Shun-Lin Qu
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Meng Hao
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Hou-Qin Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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Sierra-Fonseca JA, Gosselink KL. Tauopathy and neurodegeneration: A role for stress. Neurobiol Stress 2018; 9:105-112. [PMID: 30450376 PMCID: PMC6234266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by an irreversible and progressive loss of neuronal structure and function. While many alterations to normal cellular processes occur during neurodegeneration, a pathological accumulation of aggregated proteins constitutes a hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders. Alzheimer's disease, specifically, is pathologically defined by the formation of amyloid plaques and tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Stress has emerged as an important factor in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's. Very little is known, however, regarding the effects of stress on the mechanisms controlling abnormal protein aggregation and clearance. Chronic stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, causing an excessive secretion of glucocorticoids that are capable of impacting diverse physiological and cellular processes. The present review focuses on the influence of stress on a key feature of Alzheimer's disease pathology, emphasizing the relationship between tau phosphorylation and accumulation and its connection to HPA axis dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Sierra-Fonseca
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Kristin L Gosselink
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
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Pineda C, Rios R, Raya AI, Rodriguez M, Aguilera-Tejero E, Lopez I. Hypocaloric Diet Prevents the Decrease in FGF21 Elicited by High Phosphorus Intake. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1496. [PMID: 30322116 PMCID: PMC6213303 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of dietary phosphorus (P) on fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21)/β-klotho axis was investigated in rats that were fed diets with: Normal (NP) or high P (HP) and either normal (NC), high (HC) or low calories (LC). Sampling was performed at 1, 4 and 7 months. Plasma FGF21 concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) in NC and HC than in LC groups. Increasing P intake had differing effects on plasma FGF21 in rats fed NC and HC vs. rats fed LC at the three sampling times. When compared with the NP groups, FGF21 concentrations decreased at the three sampling points in rats fed NC-HP (80 vs. 194, 185 vs. 382, 145 vs. 403 pg/mL) and HC-HP (90 vs. 190, 173 vs. 353, 94 vs. 434 pg/mL). However, FGF21 did not decrease in rats fed LC-HP (34 vs. 20, 332 vs. 164 and 155 vs. 81 pg/mL). In addition, LC groups had a much lower liver FGF21 messenger ribonucleic acid/glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (mRNA/GAPDH) ratio (0.51 ± 0.08 and 0.56 ± 0.07) than the NC-NP (0.97 ± 0.14) and HC-NP (0.97 ± 0.22) groups. Increasing P intake reduced liver FGF21 mRNA/GAPDH in rats fed NC and HC to 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.37 ± 0.04. Liver β-klotho mRNA/GAPDH ratio was lower (p < 0.05) in LC groups (0.66 ± 0.06 and 0.59 ± 0.10) than in NC (1.09 ± 0.17 and 1.03 ± 0.14) and HC (1.19 ± 0.12 and 1.34 ± 0.19) groups. A reduction (p < 0.05) in β-klotho protein/α-tubulin ratio was also observed in LC groups (0.65 ± 0.05 and 0.49 ± 0.08) when compared with NC (1.12 ± 0.11 and 0.91 ± 0.11) and HC (0.93 ± 0.17 and 0.87 ± 0.09) groups. In conclusion β-klotho is potently regulated by caloric restriction but not by increasing P intake while FGF21 is regulated by both caloric restriction and increased P intake. Moreover, increased P intake has a differential effect on FGF21 in calorie repleted and calorie depleted rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Pineda
- Department Medicina y Cirugia Animal, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain.
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Rafael Rios
- Department Medicina y Cirugia Animal, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain.
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Ana I Raya
- Department Medicina y Cirugia Animal, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain.
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Mariano Rodriguez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Escolastico Aguilera-Tejero
- Department Medicina y Cirugia Animal, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain.
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Lopez
- Department Medicina y Cirugia Animal, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain.
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
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Bi S, Wang H, Kuang W. Stem cell rejuvenation and the role of autophagy in age retardation by caloric restriction: An update. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 175:46-54. [PMID: 30031008 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells being pluripotent in nature can differentiate into a wide array of specific cells and asymmetrically divide to produce new ones but may undergo aging by themselves. Aging has both quantitative and qualitative effects on stem cells, and could eventually restrain them from replenishing into progenitor cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated in the aging cells could not only block the cell cycle but also affect autophagy by damaging the mitochondria. Autophagy could eliminate redundant production of ROS in aging stem cells and helps to maintain the proliferation capacity by restraining the expression of p16INK4a. Current studies showed that improving autophagy could restore the regenerative ability of aging stem cells. Therefore, it is important for an organism to maintain the appropriate autophagy. Caloric restriction (CR) was shown to retard the stem cell aging by a certain basic level of autophagy, suggesting that CR was an effective way to extend longevity in mammals. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. In this review, we tried to explore the molecular mechanisms on how CR induces appropriate autophagy to restore aging stem cell regenerative ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanrong Bi
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanyu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihong Kuang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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McCubrey JA, Lertpiriyapong K, Steelman LS, Abrams SL, Yang LV, Murata RM, Rosalen PL, Scalisi A, Neri LM, Cocco L, Ratti S, Martelli AM, Laidler P, Dulińska-Litewka J, Rakus D, Gizak A, Lombardi P, Nicoletti F, Candido S, Libra M, Montalto G, Cervello M. Effects of resveratrol, curcumin, berberine and other nutraceuticals on aging, cancer development, cancer stem cells and microRNAs. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:1477-1536. [PMID: 28611316 PMCID: PMC5509453 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural products or nutraceuticals have been shown to elicit anti-aging, anti-cancer and other health-enhancing effects. A key target of the effects of natural products may be the regulation of microRNA (miR) expression which results in cell death or prevents aging, diabetes, cardiovascular and other diseases. This review will focus on a few natural products, especially on resveratrol (RES), curcumin (CUR) and berberine (BBR). RES is obtained from the skins of grapes and other fruits and berries. RES may extend human lifespan by activating the sirtuins and SIRT1 molecules. CUR is isolated from the root of turmeric (Curcuma longa). CUR is currently used in the treatment of many disorders, especially in those involving an inflammatory process. CUR and modified derivatives have been shown to have potent anti-cancer effects, especially on cancer stem cells (CSC). BBR is also isolated from various plants (e.g., Coptis chinensis) and has been used for centuries in traditional medicine to treat diseases such as adult- onset diabetes. Understanding the benefits of these and other nutraceuticals may result in approaches to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Kvin Lertpiriyapong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Linda S Steelman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Steve L Abrams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Li V Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Section, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Ramiro M Murata
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.,Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Pedro L Rosalen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Aurora Scalisi
- Unit of Oncologic Diseases, ASP-Catania, Catania 95100, Italy
| | - Luca M Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piotr Laidler
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncological, Clinical and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Saverio Candido
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncological, Clinical and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncological, Clinical and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
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Horowitz AM, Villeda SA. Therapeutic potential of systemic brain rejuvenation strategies for neurodegenerative disease. F1000Res 2017; 6:1291. [PMID: 28815019 PMCID: PMC5539850 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11437.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a devastating group of conditions that cause progressive loss of neuronal integrity, affecting cognitive and motor functioning in an ever-increasing number of older individuals. Attempts to slow neurodegenerative disease advancement have met with little success in the clinic; however, a new therapeutic approach may stem from classic interventions, such as caloric restriction, exercise, and parabiosis. For decades, researchers have reported that these systemic-level manipulations can promote major functional changes that extend organismal lifespan and healthspan. Only recently, however, have the functional effects of these interventions on the brain begun to be appreciated at a molecular and cellular level. The potential to counteract the effects of aging in the brain, in effect rejuvenating the aged brain, could offer broad therapeutic potential to combat dementia-related neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. In particular, results from heterochronic parabiosis and young plasma administration studies indicate that pro-aging and rejuvenating factors exist in the circulation that can independently promote or reverse age-related phenotypes. The recent demonstration that human umbilical cord blood similarly functions to rejuvenate the aged brain further advances this work to clinical translation. In this review, we focus on these blood-based rejuvenation strategies and their capacity to delay age-related molecular and functional decline in the aging brain. We discuss new findings that extend the beneficial effects of young blood to neurodegenerative disease models. Lastly, we explore the translational potential of blood-based interventions, highlighting current clinical trials aimed at addressing therapeutic applications for the treatment of dementia-related neurodegenerative disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana M. Horowitz
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
| | - Saul A. Villeda
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
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Patent highlights February–March 2017. Pharm Pat Anal 2017; 6:151-159. [DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2017-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gong FH, Ye YN, Li JM, Zhao HY, Li XK. Rapamycin-ameliorated diabetic symptoms involved in increasing adiponectin expression in diabetic mice on a high-fat diet. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2017; 33:321-326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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