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Liu Y, Zhang M, Zeng L, Lai Y, Wu S, Su X. Wogonin upregulates SOCS3 to alleviate the injury in Diabetic Nephropathy by inhibiting TLR4-mediated JAK/STAT/AIM2 signaling pathway. Mol Med 2024; 30:78. [PMID: 38844873 PMCID: PMC11155057 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a life-threatening renal disease and needs urgent therapies. Wogonin is renoprotective in DN. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of how wogonin regulated high glucose (HG)-induced renal cell injury. METHODS Diabetic mice (db/db), control db/m mice, and normal glucose (NG)- or HG-treated human tubule epithelial cells (HK-2) were used to evaluate the levels of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), inflammation and fibrosis. Lentivirus was used to regulate SOCS3 and TLR4 expressions. After oral gavage of wogonin (10 mg/kg) or vehicle in db/db mice, histological morphologies, blood glucose, urinary protein, serum creatinine values (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed. RT-qPCR and Western blot evaluated inflammation and fibrosis-related molecules. RESULTS HG exposure induced high blood glucose, severe renal injuries, high serumal Src and BUN, low SOD and GSH, and increased ROS. HG downregulated SOCS3 but upregulated TLR4 and JAK/STAT, fibrosis, and inflammasome-related proteins. Wogonin alleviated HG-induced renal injuries by decreasing cytokines, ROS, Src, and MDA and increasing SOD and GSH. Meanwhile, wogonin upregulated SOCS3 and downregulated TLR4 under HG conditions. Wogonin-induced SOCS3 overexpression directly decreased TLR4 levels and attenuated JAK/STAT signaling pathway-related inflammation and fibrosis, but SOCS3 knockdown significantly antagonized the protective effects of wogonin. However, TLR4 knockdown diminished SOCS3 knockdown-induced renal injuries. CONCLUSION Wogonin attenuates renal inflammation and fibrosis by upregulating SOCS3 to inhibit TLR4 and JAK/STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Liu
- Nephropathy Department, DongGuan Tungwah Hospital, Dongcheng, East Road No. 1, DongGuan, 523015, Guangdong, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Precise Prevention & Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease and Complications, DongGuan, 523015, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengbi Zhang
- Nephropathy Department, DongGuan Tungwah Hospital, Dongcheng, East Road No. 1, DongGuan, 523015, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Zeng
- Nephropathy Department, DongGuan Tungwah Hospital, Dongcheng, East Road No. 1, DongGuan, 523015, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanhong Lai
- Nephropathy Department, DongGuan Tungwah Hospital, Dongcheng, East Road No. 1, DongGuan, 523015, Guangdong, China
| | - Songzhao Wu
- Nephropathy Department, DongGuan Tungwah Hospital, Dongcheng, East Road No. 1, DongGuan, 523015, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Su
- Nephropathy Department, DongGuan Tungwah Hospital, Dongcheng, East Road No. 1, DongGuan, 523015, Guangdong, China.
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Choi S, Choi SH, Bastola T, Park Y, Oh J, Kim KY, Hwang S, Miller YI, Ju WK. AIBP: A New Safeguard against Glaucomatous Neuroinflammation. Cells 2024; 13:198. [PMID: 38275823 PMCID: PMC10814024 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a group of ocular diseases that cause irreversible blindness. It is characterized by multifactorial degeneration of the optic nerve axons and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), resulting in the loss of vision. Major components of glaucoma pathogenesis include glia-driven neuroinflammation and impairment of mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics, leading to retinal neurodegeneration. In this review article, we summarize current evidence for the emerging role of apolipoprotein A-I binding protein (AIBP) as an important anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective factor in the retina. Due to its association with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), extracellular AIBP selectively removes excess cholesterol from the plasma membrane of inflammatory and activated cells. This results in the reduced expression of TLR4-associated, cholesterol-rich lipid rafts and the inhibition of downstream inflammatory signaling. Intracellular AIBP is localized to mitochondria and modulates mitophagy through the ubiquitination of mitofusins 1 and 2. Importantly, elevated intraocular pressure induces AIBP deficiency in mouse models and in human glaucomatous retina. AIBP deficiency leads to the activation of TLR4 in Müller glia, triggering mitochondrial dysfunction in both RGCs and Müller glia, and compromising visual function in a mouse model. Conversely, restoring AIBP expression in the retina reduces neuroinflammation, prevents RGCs death, and protects visual function. These results provide new insight into the mechanism of AIBP function in the retina and suggest a therapeutic potential for restoring retinal AIBP expression in the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghwan Choi
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.C.); (T.B.); (Y.P.)
| | - Soo-Ho Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tonking Bastola
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.C.); (T.B.); (Y.P.)
| | - Younggun Park
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.C.); (T.B.); (Y.P.)
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyun Oh
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.C.); (T.B.); (Y.P.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Young Kim
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sinwoo Hwang
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.C.); (T.B.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yury I. Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Won-Kyu Ju
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.C.); (T.B.); (Y.P.)
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Vitiello L, Capasso L, Cembalo G, De Pascale I, Imparato R, De Bernardo M. Herbal and Natural Treatments for the Management of the Glaucoma: An Update. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:3105251. [PMID: 38027044 PMCID: PMC10673672 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3105251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma causes the degeneration of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons, inducing a tissue reshaping that affects both the retina and the optic nerve head. Glaucoma care especially focuses on reducing intraocular pressure, a significant risk factor for progressive damage to the optic nerve. The use of natural treatments, such as herbs, vitamins, and minerals, is becoming increasingly popular today. While plants are a rich source of novel biologically active compounds, only a small percentage of them have been phytochemically examined and evaluated for their medicinal potential. It is necessary for eye care professionals to inform their glaucoma patients about the therapy, protection, and efficacy of commonly used herbal medicines, considering the widespread use of herbal medicines. The purpose of this review is to examine evidence related to the most widely used herbal medicines for the management and treatment of glaucoma, to better understand the potential benefits of these natural compounds as supplementary therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Vitiello
- Eye Unit, “Luigi Curto” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, Polla, 84035 Salerno, Italy
| | - Luigi Capasso
- Eye Unit, “Ospedale del Mare” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 Centro, Naples 80147, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cembalo
- Eye Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Ilaria De Pascale
- Eye Unit, “Ramazzini” Hospital, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Modena, Carpi 41012, Italy
| | - Roberto Imparato
- Eye Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Valle d'Aosta, Aosta 11100, Italy
| | - Maddalena De Bernardo
- Eye Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy
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He G, He Y, Ni H, Wang K, Zhu Y, Bao Y. Dexmedetomidine attenuates neuroinflammation and microglia activation in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia cells through targeting circ-Shank3/miR-140-3p/TLR4 axis. Eur J Histochem 2023; 67:3766. [PMID: 37491974 PMCID: PMC10476535 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2023.3766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that dexmedetomidine (Dex) could attenuate postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) via targeting circular RNAs (circRNAs). Circ-Shank3 has been found to be involved in the neuroprotective effects of Dex against POCD. However, the role of circ-Shank3 in POCD remains largely unknown. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to detect circ-Shank3 and miR-140-3p levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated microglia BV-2 cells in the absence or presence of Dex. The relationship among circ-Shank3, miR-140-3p and TLR4 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Additionally, Western blot and immunofluorescence (IF) assays were conducted to evaluate TLR4, p65 and Iba-1 or CD11b levels in cells. In this study, we found that Dex notably decreased circ-Shank3 and TLR4 levels and elevated miR-140-3p level in LPS-treated BV2 cells. Mechanistically, circ-Shank3 harbor miR-140-3p, functioning as a miRNA sponge, and then miR-140-3p targeted the 3'-UTR of TLR4. Additionally, Dex treatment significantly reduced TLR4 level and phosphorylation of p65, and decreased the expressions of microglia markers Iba-1 and CD11b in LPS-treated BV2 cells. As expected, silenced circ-Shank3 further reduced TLR4, p65 and Iba-1 and CD11b levels in LPS-treated BV2 cells in the presence of Dex, whereas these phenomena were reversed by miR-140-3p inhibitor. Collectively, our results found that Dex could attenuate the neuroinflammation and microglia activation in BV2 cells exposed to LPS via targeting circ-Shank3/miR-140-3p/TLR4 axis. Our results might shed a new light on the mechanism of Dex for the treatment of POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbao He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai.
| | - Yibo He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai.
| | - Hongwei Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai.
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai.
| | - Yijun Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai.
| | - Yang Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai.
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Rao M, Huang YK, Liu CC, Meadows C, Cheng HC, Zhou M, Chen YC, Xia X, Goldberg JL, Williams AM, Kuwajima T, Chang KC. Aldose reductase inhibition decelerates optic nerve degeneration by alleviating retinal microglia activation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5592. [PMID: 37019993 PMCID: PMC10076364 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of the central nervous system (CNS), retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons are the only neurons in the retina that transmit visual signals from the eye to the brain via the optic nerve (ON). Unfortunately, they do not regenerate upon injury in mammals. In ON trauma, retinal microglia (RMG) become activated, inducing inflammatory responses and resulting in axon degeneration and RGC loss. Since aldose reductase (AR) is an inflammatory response mediator highly expressed in RMG, we investigated if pharmacological inhibition of AR can attenuate ocular inflammation and thereby promote RGC survival and axon regeneration after ON crush (ONC). In vitro, we discovered that Sorbinil, an AR inhibitor, attenuates BV2 microglia activation and migration in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) treatments. In vivo, Sorbinil suppressed ONC-induced Iba1 + microglia/macrophage infiltration in the retina and ON and promoted RGC survival. Moreover, Sorbinil restored RGC function and delayed axon degeneration one week after ONC. RNA sequencing data revealed that Sorbinil protects the retina from ONC-induced degeneration by suppressing inflammatory signaling. In summary, we report the first study demonstrating that AR inhibition transiently protects RGC and axon from degeneration, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mishal Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 203 Lothrop, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yu-Kai Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80145, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 203 Lothrop, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Chandler Meadows
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 203 Lothrop, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Hui-Chun Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 203 Lothrop, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Mengli Zhou
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Hillman Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Yu-Chih Chen
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Hillman Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Xin Xia
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Andrew M Williams
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 203 Lothrop, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Takaaki Kuwajima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 203 Lothrop, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Kun-Che Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 203 Lothrop, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, Center of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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Pezzino S, Sofia M, Greco LP, Litrico G, Filippello G, Sarvà I, La Greca G, Latteri S. Microbiome Dysbiosis: A Pathological Mechanism at the Intersection of Obesity and Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021166. [PMID: 36674680 PMCID: PMC9862076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The rate at which obesity is becoming an epidemic in many countries is alarming. Obese individuals have a high risk of developing elevated intraocular pressure and glaucoma. Additionally, glaucoma is a disease of epidemic proportions. It is characterized by neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation with optic neuropathy and the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGC). On the other hand, there is growing interest in microbiome dysbiosis, particularly in the gut, which has been widely acknowledged to play a prominent role in the etiology of metabolic illnesses such as obesity. Recently, studies have begun to highlight the fact that microbiome dysbiosis could play a critical role in the onset and progression of several neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in the development and progression of several ocular disorders. In obese individuals, gut microbiome dysbiosis can induce endotoxemia and systemic inflammation by causing intestinal barrier malfunction. As a result, bacteria and their metabolites could be delivered via the bloodstream or mesenteric lymphatic vessels to ocular regions at the level of the retina and optic nerve, causing tissue degeneration and neuroinflammation. Nowadays, there is preliminary evidence for the existence of brain and intraocular microbiomes. The altered microbiome of the gut could perturb the resident brain-ocular microbiome ecosystem which, in turn, could exacerbate the local inflammation. All these processes, finally, could lead to the death of RGC and neurodegeneration. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the recent evidence on the role of gut microbiome dysbiosis and related inflammation as common mechanisms underlying obesity and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Pezzino
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Sofia
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Luigi Piero Greco
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Giorgia Litrico
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Filippello
- Complex Operative Unit of Ophtalmology, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Iacopo Sarvà
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano La Greca
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Saverio Latteri
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0957263584
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Cáceres-Vélez PR, Hui F, Hercus J, Bui B, Jusuf PR. Restoring the oxidative balance in age-related diseases - An approach in glaucoma. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 75:101572. [PMID: 35065274 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As human life expectancy increases, age-related health issues including neurodegenerative diseases continue to rise. Regardless of genetic or environmental factors, many neurodegenerative conditions share common pathological mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, a hallmark of many age-related health burdens. In this review, we describe oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in glaucoma, an age-related neurodegenerative eye disease affecting 80 million people worldwide. We consider therapeutic approaches used to counteract oxidative stress in glaucoma, including untapped treatment options such as novel plant-derived antioxidant compounds that can reduce oxidative stress and prevent neuronal loss. We summarize the current pre-clinical models and clinical work exploring the therapeutic potential of a range of candidate plant-derived antioxidant compounds. Finally, we explore advances in drug delivery systems, particular those employing nanotechnology-based carriers which hold significant promise as a carrier for antioxidants to treat age-related disease, thus reviewing the key current state of all of the aspects required towards translation.
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Wogonin inhibits inflammation and apoptosis through STAT3 signal pathway to promote the recovery of spinal cord injury. Brain Res 2022; 1782:147843. [PMID: 35202619 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex central traumatic disease. STAT3 signal transduction pathway plays an important role in SCI. Wogonin has been reported to exhibit neuroprotection. However, the molecular mechanism of its potential therapeutic effect after SCI remains unclear. In this study, rats were divided into the following groups: Sham; SCI; SCI + wogonin; and SCI + wogonin + colivelin (Colivelin is an effective activator of the STAT3 pathway). Motor function was evaluated by Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) score. Histomorphological changes in the spinal cords were observed by Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Nissl staining. Western blot, Transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and immunofluorescence were used to detect changes in the neuronal inflammation, apoptosis, and STAT3 signal pathway. Western blot and immunofluorescence techniques were also performed to detect the regulatory effect and the underlying mechanism of wogonin on the inflammation and apoptosis of PC12 cells. Experimental results in vivo and in vitro showed that wogonin could promote the recovery of motor function, improve the histopathological morphology, inhibit the activation of the STAT3 signal pathway, and reduce the neuronal inflammation and apoptosis in the rats with SCI. Activation of the STAT3 signal pathway by colivelin reversed the therapeutic effect of wogonin. Therefore, wogonin could inhibit inflammation and apoptosis by inhibiting the STAT3 signal pathway and promote the functional recovery of rats with SCI.
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Treatment of Glaucoma with Natural Products and Their Mechanism of Action: An Update. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030534. [PMID: 35276895 PMCID: PMC8840399 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness. It is generally caused by increased intraocular pressure, which results in damage of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells, ultimately leading to visual field dysfunction. However, even with the use of intraocular pressure-lowering eye drops, the disease still progresses in some patients. In addition to mechanical and vascular dysfunctions of the eye, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Hence, the use of natural products with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may represent an alternative approach for glaucoma treatment. The present review highlights recent preclinical and clinical studies on various natural products shown to possess neuroprotective properties for retinal ganglion cells, which thereby may be effective in the treatment of glaucoma. Intraocular pressure can be reduced by baicalein, forskolin, marijuana, ginsenoside, resveratrol and hesperidin. Alternatively, Ginkgo biloba, Lycium barbarum, Diospyros kaki, Tripterygium wilfordii, saffron, curcumin, caffeine, anthocyanin, coenzyme Q10 and vitamins B3 and D have shown neuroprotective effects on retinal ganglion cells via various mechanisms, especially antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis mechanisms. Extensive studies are still required in the future to ensure natural products' efficacy and safety to serve as an alternative therapy for glaucoma.
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Auler N, Tonner H, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Antibody and Protein Profiles in Glaucoma: Screening of Biomarkers and Identification of Signaling Pathways. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121296. [PMID: 34943212 PMCID: PMC8698915 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Glaucoma is a chronic eye disease that is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Currently, the only therapeutic option is to lower intraocular pressure. The onset of the disease is often delayed because patients do not notice visual impairment until very late, which is why glaucoma is also known as “the silent thief of sight”. Therefore, early detection and definition of specific markers, the so-called biomarkers, are immensely important. For the methodical implementation, high-throughput methods and omic-based methods came more and more into focus. Thus, interesting targets for possible biomarkers were already suggested by clinical research and basic research, respectively. This review article aims to join the findings of the two disciplines by collecting overlaps as well as differences in various clinical studies and to shed light on promising candidates concerning findings from basic research, facilitating conclusions on possible therapy options. Abstract Glaucoma represents a group of chronic neurodegenerative diseases, constituting the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. To date, chronically elevated intraocular pressure has been identified as the main risk factor and the only treatable symptom. However, there is increasing evidence in the recent literature that IOP-independent molecular mechanisms also play an important role in the progression of the disease. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that glaucoma has an autoimmune component. The main focus nowadays is elucidating glaucoma pathogenesis, finding early diagnostic options and new therapeutic approaches. This review article summarizes the impact of different antibodies and proteins associated with glaucoma that can be detected for example by microarray and mass spectrometric analyzes, which (i) provide information about expression profiles and associated molecular signaling pathways, (ii) can possibly be used as a diagnostic tool in future and, (iii) can identify possible targets for therapeutic approaches.
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Shi Y, Ye D, Huang R, Xu Y, Lu P, Chen H, Huang J. Down Syndrome Critical Region 1 Reduces Oxidative Stress-Induced Retinal Ganglion Cells Apoptosis via CREB-Bcl-2 Pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:23. [PMID: 33104163 PMCID: PMC7594594 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.12.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Irreversible retina ganglion cell (RGC) loss is a key process during glaucoma progression. Down syndrome critical region 1 (DSCR1) has been shown to have protective effects against neuronal death. In this study, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms of DSCR1 on RGCs. Methods DBA/2J mice and optic nerve crush (ONC) rat model were used for vivo assays. Oxidative stress model of primary RGCs was carried out with in vitro transduction. DSCR1 protein localization was assessed by immunofluorescence. Differential protein expression was validated by Western blot, and gene expression was detected by real-time PCR. TUNEL was used to identify cell apoptosis, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide was used to analyze cell viability. Results Significant upregulation of DSCR1 was observed in DBA/2J mice, ONC rat model, and RGCs treated with H2O2, reaching peaks at the age of 6 months in DBA/2J mice, 5 days after ONC in rats, and 24 hours after H2O2 treatment in RGCs, respectively. DSCR1 was shown to be expressed in the ganglion cell layer. In vitro, overexpressed DSCR1 significantly promoted phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression, and RGC survival rate while reducing cleaved caspase 3 expression in H2O2-treated RGCs. On the other hand, the opposite effects were shown after knockdown of DSCR1. In addition, silencing of CREB inhibited expression of DSCR1. Conclusions Our results suggested that DSCR1 might protect the RGCs against oxidative stress via the CREB–Bcl-2 pathway, which may provide a theoretical basis for future treatments of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Guan B, Jiang C. Design and development of 1,3,5-triazine derivatives as protective agent against spinal cord injury in rat via inhibition of NF-ĸB. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 41:127964. [PMID: 33744436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a chronic disease causing motor and sensory loss in the affected individuals. The SCI has a huge impact on the lives of patients that makes them susceptible to life-long disability. However, the current clinical modalities are ineffective to cope the aftermath of SCI. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to develop a series of 1,3,5-triazine derivatives as a protective agent against SCI. The molecules were developed by facile synthetic route and obtained in excellent yield. The compounds were tested for their efficacy to inhibit the transcription of NF-κB in RAW 264.7 cells, where they displayed mild to potent activity. Compound 8a was identified as most potent NF-κB inhibitor among the tested analogues. The effect of compound 8a was further scrutinized against the SCI injury in rats induced by contusion injury. It has been found that compound 8a improves motor function of rats together with reduction in inflammation and edema in spinal cord of rats. It also showed to inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation in the SCI rats. In a western blot analysis, after SCI induction, compound 8a inhibited NF-κB and its upstream regulator TLR4 in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, our study provides a novel class of agent that provide protective action against SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binggang Guan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tian Jin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Chang Jiang
- Department of Bone Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China.
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Huang W, Lan Q, Jiang L, Yan W, Tang F, Shen C, Huang H, Zhong H, Lv J, Zeng S, Li M, Mo Z, Hu B, Liang N, Chen Q, Zhang M, Xu F, Cui L. Fasudil attenuates glial cell-mediated neuroinflammation via ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways after optic nerve crush. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8963-8973. [PMID: 33161529 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the functional role of fasudil in optic nerve crush (ONC), and further explore its possible molecular mechanism. After ONC injury, the rats were injected intraperitoneally either with fasudil or normal saline once a day until euthanized. RGCs survival was assessed by retrograde labeling with FluoroGold. Retinal glial cells activation and population changes (GFAP, iba-1) were measured by immunofluorescence. The expressions of cleaved caspase 3 and 9, p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT were detected by western blot. The levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Fasudil treatment inhibited RGCs apoptosis and reduced RGCs loss demonstrated by the decreased apoptosis-associated proteins expression and the increased fluorogold labeling of RGCs after ONC, respectively. In addition, the ONC + fasudil group compared had a significantly lower expression of GFAP and iba1 compared with the ONC group. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly reduced in the ONC + fasudil group than in the ONC group. Furthermore, the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and AKT (p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT) were obviously elevated by the fasudil treatment. Our study demonstrated that fasudil attenuated glial cell-mediated neuroinflammation by up-regulating the ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways in rats ONC models. We conclude that fasudil may be a novel treatment for traumatic optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qianqian Lan
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenya Yan
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Fen Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Chaolan Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Haibin Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Siming Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhongxiang Mo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ning Liang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Mingyuan Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Ling Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Zhang L, Li X. Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR-9) deficiency alleviates optic nerve injury (ONI) by inhibiting inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112159. [PMID: 32652081 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic optic neuropathy is a common clinical problem. Damage to the optic nerve leads to shear stress and triggers secondary swelling within the optic canal. The study aims to explore the role of the inflammatory response following optic nerve injury (ONI) in toll-like receptor-9 knockout mice (TLR-9-/-) compared to wild-type mice (WT). At first, TLR-9-/- and WT mice were subjected to ONI. We then found that ONI significantly up-regulated TLR-9 expression levels in retinal tissues of WT mice. The retinal degeneration after ONI was alleviated in TLR-9-/- mice, as evidenced by the increased number of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and thickness of inner retinal layer (IRL). TUNEL staining and immunofluorescence staining of BRN3A indicated that TLR-9 knockout effectively improved the survival of RGCs. ONI-enhanced expression of Iba-1 and TMEM119 was markedly reduced in TLR-9-/- mice, indicating the suppression of microglial activation. Moreover, production of pro-inflammatory regulators, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), macrophage chemo-attractant protein (MCP)-1, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), was significantly decreased in TLR-9-/- mice following ONI. TLR-9 knockout-attenuated inflammation was mainly through repressing myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4). Furthermore, ONI greatly up-regulated the protein expression levels of phosphorylated (p)-IKKα, p-IκBα and p-nuclear factor (NF)-κB, whereas being repressed in TLR-9-/- mice. The effects of TLR-9 on ONI were verified in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated retinal microglial cells transfected with small interfering RNA TLR-9 (siTLR-9). As expected, promoting TLR-9 with its agonist markedly restored inflammation in TLR-9 knockdown cells stimulated by LPS. Therefore, all findings above suggested that suppressing TLR-9 showed neuroprotective effects against ONI through reducing inflammatory response, and TILR-9 might be a promising therapeutic target to develop effective strategies for the treatment of optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China.
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Zhai Y, Zhu Y, Liu J, Xie K, Yu J, Yu L, Deng H. Dexmedetomidine Post-Conditioning Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Inhibiting High Mobility Group Protein B1 Group (HMGB1)/Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)/Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e918617. [PMID: 31912804 PMCID: PMC6977611 DOI: 10.12659/msm.918617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is a pivotal cause of deaths due to cerebrovascular accident. Increased research efforts are needed to reveal the mechanism underlying its aggravation or alleviation. In this study, the effects of dexmedetomidine post-conditioning on the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats was explored. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety rats were randomly divided into 5 groups - a sham group (Sham), a model group (I/R), a dexmedetomidine post-conditioning group (Dex), a recombinant high mobility group protein B1 group (rHMGB1), and a recombinant HMGB1+dexmedetomidine post-conditioning group (rHMGB1+Dex) - with 18 rats in each group. Longa grading, wet-dry weighing, TTC staining, HE staining, and immunohistochemical staining were used to assess brain damage. ELISA, RT-PCR, and Western blot analyses were performed to assess expression of IL-1ß, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, HMGB1, TLR4, and NF-kappaB. RESULTS Compared with the I/R group, the neurological function score, brain water content, infarction area, and the number of COX-2- and IBA-1-positive cells in the Dex group were significantly lower, accompanied by downregulated expression of the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway, alleviated inflammation, and oxidative stress injury in brain tissue. These trends were mostly reversed in the rHMGB1 group and rHMGB1+Dex group, but not in the Dex group. Furthermore, when compared to the Dex group, there were significant increases of H₂O₂, MDA, NO, IL-1ß, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, HMGB1, TLR4, and p-P65 in the rHMGB1 group and rHMGB1+Dex group, in which a significant decrease of T-AOC, SOD, and p-IkappaBalpha was also detected. CONCLUSIONS Dexmedetomidine post-conditioning can alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyi Zhai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Linzi District People's Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yulin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jingying Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Kun Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jingui Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Lingzhi Yu
- Department of Pain, Jinan Central Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Hongyan Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Haiyang People's Hospital, Haiyang, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Locri F, Cammalleri M, Dal Monte M, Rusciano D, Bagnoli P. Protective Efficacy of a Dietary Supplement Based on Forskolin, Homotaurine, Spearmint Extract, and Group B Vitamins in a Mouse Model of Optic Nerve Injury. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122931. [PMID: 31816880 PMCID: PMC6950150 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a multifactorial blinding disease with a major inflammatory component ultimately leading to apoptotic retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. Pharmacological treatments lowering intraocular pressure can help slow or prevent vision loss although the damage caused by glaucoma cannot be reversed. Recently, nutritional approaches have been evaluated for their efficacy in preventing degenerative events in the retina although mechanisms underlying their effectiveness remain to be elucidated. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of a diet supplement consisting of forskolin, homotaurine, spearmint extract, and vitamins of the B group in counteracting retinal dysfunction in a mouse model of optic nerve crush (ONC) used as an in vivo model of glaucoma. After demonstrating that ONC did not affect retinal vasculature by fluorescein angiography, we determined the effect of the diet supplement on the photopic negative response (PhNR) whose amplitude is strictly related to RGC integrity and is therefore drastically reduced in concomitance with RGC death. We found that the diet supplementation prevents the reduction of PhNR amplitude (p < 0.001) and concomitantly counteracts RGC death, as in supplemented mice, RGC number assessed immunohistochemically is significantly higher than that in non-supplemented animals (p < 0.01). Major determinants of the protective efficacy of the compound are due to a reduction of ONC-associated cytokine secretion leading to decreased levels of apoptotic markers that in supplemented mice are significantly lower than in non-supplemented animals (p < 0.001), ultimately causing RGC survival and ameliorated visual dysfunction. Overall, our data suggest that the above association of compounds plays a neuroprotective role in this mouse model of glaucoma thus offering a new perspective in inflammation-associated neurodegenerative diseases of the inner retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Locri
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via San Zeno, 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy (M.C.)
| | - Maurizio Cammalleri
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via San Zeno, 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy (M.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Dal Monte
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via San Zeno, 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy (M.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.D.M.); (P.B.); Tel.: +39-050-2211426 (M.D.M.)
| | - Dario Rusciano
- Sooft Italia SpA, Contrada Molino 17, 63833 Montegiorgio (FM), Italy;
| | - Paola Bagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via San Zeno, 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.M.); (P.B.); Tel.: +39-050-2211426 (M.D.M.)
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Liu JS, Du J, Cheng X, Zhang XZ, Li Y, Chen XL. Exosomal miR-451 from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells attenuates burn-induced acute lung injury. J Chin Med Assoc 2019; 82:895-901. [PMID: 31800531 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived exosomes (hUCMSC-Exos) in regulating burn-induced acute lung injury (ALI). METHODS In this study, we initially isolated exosomes from hUCMSCs and identified them by transmission electron microscopy. The expression of the protein markers CD9 and CD63 in the exosomes was determined by western blot analysis. The expression of miR-451 in the hUCMSC-Exos was determined by qRT-PCR. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in lung tissues and serum as well as the levels of malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase in lung tissues were detected by ELISA. Hematoxylin-eosin stain was used to observe the morphological changes of lung tissues after burn. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assays were performed to detect apoptosis in lung tissues after burn. The expression of proteins related to the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB signaling pathway in lung tissues after burn was analyzed by western blotting. RESULTS Our results showed that hUCMSC-Exos successfully decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in rats after burn, and this reduction was reversed when the miR-451 expression in the hUCMSC-Exo group was inhibited. HUCMSC-Exo-derived miR-451 improves ALI via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that exosomes derived from hUCMSCs mediate miR-451 to attenuate burn-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Song Liu
- Department of Burns, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Thirds Hospital of Bengbu, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiu Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, BengBu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiang-Zhou Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Thirds Hospital of Bengbu, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Thirds Hospital of Bengbu, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xu-Lin Chen
- Department of Burns, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Luo H, Vong CT, Chen H, Gao Y, Lyu P, Qiu L, Zhao M, Liu Q, Cheng Z, Zou J, Yao P, Gao C, Wei J, Ung COL, Wang S, Zhong Z, Wang Y. Naturally occurring anti-cancer compounds: shining from Chinese herbal medicine. Chin Med 2019; 14:48. [PMID: 31719837 PMCID: PMC6836491 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous natural products originated from Chinese herbal medicine exhibit anti-cancer activities, including anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic effects, as well as regulate autophagy, reverse multidrug resistance, balance immunity, and enhance chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. To provide new insights into the critical path ahead, we systemically reviewed the most recent advances (reported since 2011) on the key compounds with anti-cancer effects derived from Chinese herbal medicine (curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, berberine, artemisinin, ginsenoside Rg3, ursolic acid, silibinin, emodin, triptolide, cucurbitacin B, tanshinone I, oridonin, shikonin, gambogic acid, artesunate, wogonin, β-elemene, and cepharanthine) in scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and Clinical Trials). With a broader perspective, we focused on their recently discovered and/or investigated pharmacological effects, novel mechanism of action, relevant clinical studies, and their innovative applications in combined therapy and immunomodulation. In addition, the present review has extended to describe other promising compounds including dihydroartemisinin, ginsenoside Rh2, compound K, cucurbitacins D, E, I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone in view of their potentials in cancer therapy. Up to now, the evidence about the immunomodulatory effects and clinical trials of natural anti-cancer compounds from Chinese herbal medicine is very limited, and further research is needed to monitor their immunoregulatory effects and explore their mechanisms of action as modulators of immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Luo
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hanbin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Peng Lyu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zehua Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Peifen Yao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Caifang Gao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jinchao Wei
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Carolina Oi Lam Ung
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Associations between TLR4 Polymorphisms and Open Angle Glaucoma: A Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6707650. [PMID: 31428642 PMCID: PMC6681615 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6707650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Previous studies exploring the association between toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) polymorphisms and open angle glaucoma (OAG) presented inconsistent results. We aimed to investigate the association between TLR4 polymorphisms and OAG. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Library up to 31 December 2018. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated, followed by stratification analyses according to ethnicity and glaucoma subtype. Results TLR4 rs7037117 polymorphism had significant associations with increased risk of OAG in allelic model (OR=1.25; 95%CI: 1.09-1.44; P=0.002) and recessive model (OR=1.49; 95%CI: 1.08-2.04; P=0.01). With regard to rs10759930, rs12377632, and rs2149356, the results showed significant increased risks in all genetic models (all P<0.05), whereas, for rs1927914, rs11536889, and rs7045953, no significant associations were identified in any genetic model (all P>0.05). Furthermore, the association of rs1927911 with OAG risk was found to be significant in recessive model (OR=1.34; 95%CI: 1.06-1.71; P=0.02). As for rs4986790 and rs4986791, meta-analyses were not performed due to the limited number of studies and the ethnic differences. Subgroup analysis indicated that the above polymorphisms with significant differences might increase the susceptibility in POAG patients. As for the ethnicity, rs7037117, rs10759930, and rs1927911 might increase the risk in Asians, while rs12377632 and rs2149356 might increase the risk in Asians and Mexicans. Conclusion The meta-analysis highlighted that certain mutations of some TLR4 polymorphisms might increase the susceptibility of OAG. However, TLR4 polymorphisms are still far from being candidate genetic biomarkers for OAG. Additional researches involving larger scale epidemiological studies are warranted to validate our results.
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Jia Y, Jiang S, Chen C, Lu G, Xie Y, Sun X, Huang L. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester attenuates nuclear factor‑κB‑mediated inflammatory responses in Müller cells and protects against retinal ganglion cell death. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4863-4871. [PMID: 31059064 PMCID: PMC6522951 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is characterized by the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and visual field defects, and is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a natural polyphenolic found in propolis from honeybee hives, can inhibit the activation of nuclear factor κ light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and has therapeutic potential in inflammatory disease. The present study used a rat model of optic nerve crush (ONC) injury to investigate the effect of CAPE on glaucoma. The death of RGCs at day 14 was significantly reduced in CAPE-treated animals compared with the non-treated group according to Brn3a and TUNEL staining. In addition, CAPE decreased the severity of inflammation in the retina, reflected by the decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cycloooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α and chemokine C-C ligand-2, in CAPE-treated rats. The hypertrophy of astrocytes and Müller cells (gliosis) caused by ONC was also found to be attenuated by CAPE, accompanied by the inhibition of NF-κB signaling. Similarly, in vitro, CAPE suppressed the proliferation and migration of primary astrocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide, as well as the activation of NF-κB. These results suggest that CAPE protected against RGC and attenuated inflammatory responses in a rat model of ONC by suppressing NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Jia
- Eye Institute, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Shengqun Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Eye Institute, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Lu
- Eye Institute, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xie
- Eye Institute, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Xincheng Sun
- Eye Institute, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Liqin Huang
- Eye Institute, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
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Poyomtip T. Roles of Toll-Like Receptor 4 for Cellular Pathogenesis in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A potential therapeutic strategy. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2019; 52:201-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kaempferol attenuates retinal ganglion cell death by suppressing NLRP1/NLRP3 inflammasomes and caspase-8 via JNK and NF-κB pathways in acute glaucoma. Eye (Lond) 2018; 33:777-784. [PMID: 30560913 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-018-0318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS OR PURPOSE Glaucoma is the leading cause of vision loss and blindness in the world. Elucidating the pathogenesis of glaucoma and developing effective treatment should be the priority. Inflammation and oxidative stress play essential roles in glaucoma pathogeneisis. Kaempferol is a natural flavonol and has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. In this study, we explored the potential effects of kaempferol on acute glaucoma. METHODS We established the retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) mice model and administrated kaempferol to I/R mice. We monitored the retina thickness change, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation, NLRP1/NLRP3 inflammasomes activation, pro-inflammatory cytokines production, and activations of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways. RESULTS Kaempferol prevented retina thickness change and RGC death in I/R mice. The activations of caspase-8, caspase-3, and NLRP1/NLRP3 inflammasome activation were inhibited by kaempferol. Kaempferol prevented pro-inflammatory cytokines productions in I/R mice. The activation of NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways was also inhibited by Kaempferol in I/R mice. CONCLUSION Kaempferol attenuated retinal ganglion cell death by suppressing NLRP1/NLRP3 inflammasomes and caspase-8 via inhibiting NF-κB and JNK pathways in acute glaucoma.
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Trichosanthes kirilowii lectin alleviates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the LOX1/NF-κB/caspase-9 signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180071. [PMID: 30038056 PMCID: PMC6127671 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichosanthes kirilowii lectin (TKL) has been reported to exert hypoglycemic effects in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. However, there is no evidence showing that it helps to prevent diabetic nephropathy (DN). We used a high glucose (HG)-induced HK-2 cell model and a streptozocin (STZ)-induced Wistar rat model to investigate the effects of TKL on DN, as well as the mechanisms for those effects. Our results showed that TKL significantly increased the viability of HG-treated HK-2 cells and inhibited cell apoptosis. In vivo experiments demonstrated that TKL attenuated STZ-induced histopathological damage and the inflammatory response in rat kidney tissues. Pre-treatment of HK-2 cells or STZ-treated rats with polyinosinic acid (Poly IC), an inhibitor of lectin-like oxLDL receptor 1 (LOX1), blocked the protective effect of TKL against HG- or STZ-induced damage to kidney tissue, indicating that TKL might exert its effect via LOX1-mediated endocytosis. Additional results suggested that TKL inhibits the phosphorylation of IκB kinase β (IKKβ) and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor protein (IκBα), and thereby reduces the nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65). ChIP assay data indicated that TKL markedly inhibits the binding of p65 to the CASP9 gene in HG-treated HK-2 cells, subsequently suppressing transcription of the CASP9 gene. In the dual-luciferase reporter assay, TKL significantly inhibited luciferase activity in cells co-transfected with p65 and a wild-type capase-9 construct instead of mutated caspase-9 constructs. Taken together, our results show that TKL helps to protect against DN by inhibiting the LOX1/NF-κB/caspase-9 signaling pathway, suggesting TKL as a promising agent for treating DN.
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Go JH, Wei JD, Park JI, Ahn KS, Kim JH. Wogonin suppresses the LPS‑enhanced invasiveness of MDA‑MB‑231 breast cancer cells by inhibiting the 5‑LO/BLT2 cascade. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1899-1908. [PMID: 30015917 PMCID: PMC6108877 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Wogonin, a naturally occurring bioactive monoflavonoid isolated from Scutellariae radix (roots of Scutellariae baicalensis Georgi), has known anticancer effects. However, the molecular signaling mechanism by which wogonin inhibits invasiveness in breast cancer cells remains unclear. In the present study, it was observed that wogonin exerted an inhibitory effect on the lipopolysaccha-ride (LPS)-enhanced invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, wogonin inhibited the synthesis of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9), which are critical for promoting invasiveness in MDA-MB-231 cells. Wogonin also suppressed the expression of leukot-riene B4 receptor 2 (BLT2) and the synthesis of its ligand, by inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) in LPS-stimulated MDA-MB-231 cells. Notably, wogonin attenuated the production of IL-8 and MMP-9 by inhibiting the BLT2/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-linked cascade. Finally, in vivo, LPS-driven MDA-MB-231 cell metastasis was markedly suppressed by wogonin administration. Overall, the present results suggested that wogonin inhibited the 5-LO/BLT2/ERK/IL-8/MMP-9 signaling cascade and demonstrated that this cascade may be an important target through which wogonin exerts its anticancer effects in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Go
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Dong Wei
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-In Park
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju‑si, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Lou ZY, Cheng J, Wang XR, Zhao YF, Gan J, Zhou GY, Liu ZG, Xiao BG. The inhibition of CB 1 receptor accelerates the onset and development of EAE possibly by regulating microglia/macrophages polarization. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 317:37-44. [PMID: 29501084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) regulates the neuro-inflammatory and neurodegenerative damages of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and of multiple sclerosis (MS). The mechanism by which CB1R inhibition exerts inflammatory effects is still unclear. Here, we explored the cellular and molecular mechanisms of CB1R in the treatment of EAE by using a specific and selective CB1R antagonist SR141716A. Our study demonstrated that SR141716A accelerated the clinical onset and development of EAE, accompanied by body weight loss. SR141716A significantly up-regulated the expression of toll like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and nuclear factor-kappaB/p65 (NF-κB/p65) on microglia/macrophages of EAE mice as well as levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and chemokines (MCP-1, CX3CL1), accompanied by the shifts of cytokines from Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) to Th1 (IFN-γ)/Th17 (IL-17) in the spinal cords of EAE mice. Similar changes happened on splenic mononuclear cells (MNCs) except chemokine CX3CL1. Consistently, SR141716A promoted BV-2 microglia to release inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) while inhibited the production of IL-10 and chemokines (MCP-1, CX3CL1). Furthermore, when splenic CD4+ T cells co-cultured with SR141716A-administered BV-2 microglia, the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were decreased while production of IL-17 and IFN-γ increased significantly. Our research indicated that inhibition of CB1R induced M1 phenotype-Th17 axis changed of microglia/macrophages through TLR-4 and NF-κB/p65 which accelerated the onset and development of EAE. Therefore, CB1R may be a promising target for the treatment of MS/EAE, but its complexity remains to be carefully considered and studied in further clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yin Lou
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Fei Zhao
- Department of Neurology, JinShan Hospital, Fudan Univeristy, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Gan
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yu Zhou
- Department of Geriatric, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Lei D, Shao Z, Zhou X, Yuan H. Synergistic neuroprotective effect of rasagiline and idebenone against retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury via the Lin28-let-7-Dicer pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 9:12137-12153. [PMID: 29552298 PMCID: PMC5844734 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR) injury causes neuronal degeneration and initiates various optic nerve diseases. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic neuroprotective effect of rasagiline and idebenone against RIR injury. A combination of rasagiline and idebenone was administered intraperitoneally immediately after establishment of the RIR model. Treatment with the combination of the two drugs resulted in a significant restoration of retinal thickness and retinal ganglion cells. Apoptosis of cells in ganglion cell layers was also ameliorated, suggesting that the effect of the two drugs was synergistic and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor increased. Furthermore, idebenone and rasagiline induced the expression of Lin28A and Lin28B, respectively, which resulted in a reduced expression of microRNAs in the let-7 family and an increased protein output of Dicer. The data obtained from gene overexpression and knockdown experiments indicated that let-7 and Dicer were necessary for the synergistic neuroprotective effect of the two drugs. Our findings suggested that combination therapy with rasagiline and idebenone produced a synergistic effect that ameliorated RIR injury and restored visual function. In addition, the combined treatment provided neuroprotection via enhancement of the selective regulation of let-7 by Lin28A/B. These findings implied that a treatment with the combination of rasagiline and idebenone is a feasible treatment option for optic nerve diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Zhengbo Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xinrong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Huiping Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
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Zhou C, Li J, You H, Lv J, Yang J, Liu B. Cell activity during peripheral nerve defect repair process using a nerve scaffold. Oncotarget 2017; 8:113828-113836. [PMID: 29371949 PMCID: PMC5768366 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve defects, but not artificial nerves, are repaired by endogenous cells. We examined cell activity during the repair process in the presence of autologous nerves and artificial preparations in order to guide future artificial nerve fabrication. PLGA tubes, nerve scaffolds comprising a PLGA tube plus 6,000 fibroin fibers, or autologous nerves were implanted into 10 mm rat sciatic nerve defects (n = 60 per group). Over a period of 1-20 weeks after nerve grafting, sections were stained and imaged to distinguish the cell types present and we quantified the recovery of motor and sensory function in the surgically implanted limb. We observed a decreasing trend in inflammatory cell and fibroblast counts over time which ranked in magnitude as: (PLGA group > nerve scaffold > autologous nerve> sham) and an opposite trend in Schwann cell counts. Differences in withdrawal time from hot water and static sciatic index (SSI) indicated that, after repair, sensory and motor function were best in the sham group, followed by the autologous group, the nerve scaffold group, and the PLGA group. These findings indicate that the inflammatory reaction is significant in the first two weeks after nerve grafting, followed by the rebirth of fibroblasts and Schwann cells, which guide axon regeneration. This inflammatory response was a fundamental stage of peripheral defect repair, but a weaker inflammatory response corresponded to better recovery of sensorimotor functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Zhou
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 400015, China
| | - Jin Li
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 400015, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huajian You
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Jinfeng Lv
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 400015, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 400015, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Huang R, Lan Q, Chen L, Zhong H, Cui L, Jiang L, Huang H, Li L, Zeng S, Li M, Zhao X, Xu F. CD200Fc Attenuates Retinal Glial Responses and RGCs Apoptosis After Optic Nerve Crush by Modulating CD200/CD200R1 Interaction. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 64:200-210. [PMID: 29280053 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-1020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To explore the hypothesis that CD200Fc, a CD200R1 agonist with anti-inflammatory properties, will inhibit retinal glial cells hyperactivation and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) apoptosis after optic nerve injury. CD200Fc was immediately administered after optic nerve crush (ONC) once by intravitreal injection. Rats were euthanized at 5 days after ONC. The density of RGCs was counted by immunostaining of retina flat mounts for Brn3a. TUNEL assay, immunoblotting analysis of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1(iba1) (microglia marker) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (astrocytes and Müller cells marker), RT-PCR analysis of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-10, ELISA measure protein levels of inflammatory cytokines and western blot analysis of CD200 and CD200R1 were evaluated. CD200Fc treatment suppressed ONC-induced RGCs loss through inhibition of RGCs apoptosis. Additionally, expression of glial cells activation markers GFAP and iba1 and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (COX-2, iNOS, MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-8) were decreased in CD200Fc treated animals after ONC. Meanwhile, anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased by CD200Fc treatment in ONC-induced rat retina. Finally, we found that CD200Fc significantly inhibited ONC-induced increased in expression of CD200 and raised the already high basal CD200R1 expression in the rat retina after ONC. Our results demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory effects of CD200Fc in ONC rats model through inhibited the activation of retinal glial cells via the interaction between CD200 and CD200R1, and the neuroprotective effects of CD200Fc on RGCs thought inhibited its apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Lan
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Siming Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Li HD, Chen X, Yang Y, Huang HM, Zhang L, Zhang X, Zhang L, Huang C, Meng XM, Li J. Wogonin attenuates inflammation by activating PPAR-γ in alcoholic liver disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hu L, Yang H, Ai M, Jiang S. Inhibition of TLR4 alleviates the inflammation and apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in high glucose. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017; 255:2199-2210. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Wang SL, Duan L, Xia B, Liu Z, Wang Y, Wang GM. Dexmedetomidine preconditioning plays a neuroprotective role and suppresses TLR4/NF-κB pathways model of cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:1337-1342. [PMID: 28753906 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dexmedetomidine has been reported to play an efficient role on multi-organ protection. Our study aims to investigate the neuroprotective of dexmedetomidine preconditioning on cerebral ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury and investigate the underlining signaling mechanisms. METHODS Cerebral I/R models were established with SD rats through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). After 2h of ischemia followed by 7days of reperfusion, the degree of cerebral tissue injury was detected by HE, Nissl and TUNEL staining. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive and TNF-α positive cells were stained by immunohistochemistry and counted under microscope. TLR4, NF-κB and TIR-domain containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) expression were detected by real time PCR and western blot. RESULTS Dexmedetomidine preconditioning markedly prevented the ischemia-induced cellular damage observed from HE and Nissl staining in hippocampus and cortex. Dexmedetomidine observably decreased the number of apoptotic cells in TUNEL staining. Besides, yohimbine could specifically suppress the protective effect of dexmedetomidine. GFAP expression was distinctly inhibited by dexmedetomidine preconditioning (10μg/kg, 20μg/kg) in cerebral ischemia area. Dexmedetomidine preconditioning inhibited the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB and increased that of TRIF. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that dexmedetomidine preconditioning plays a neuroprotective role against I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine might suppress TLR4/NF-??B pathway and drive TLR4/TRIF signaling pathway to reduce the inflammatory injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Liang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhifei Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Gong-Ming Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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Chen Z, Qiu PY, Ma CG. Dexmedetomidine preconditioning protects against retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury and inhibits inflammation response via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:1018-1024. [PMID: 28724211 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of significant cause of visual dysopia and causes inflammatory response. Dexmedetomidine is widely applied to general/local anaesthesia and has been reported to have extensive anti-inflammatory effect. However, the role of dexmedetomidine in retinal I/R injury is currently unknown. This study investigates the effect of dexmedetomidine preconditioning on retinal I/R injury and explore the related signal mechanism toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway. METHODS Retinal I/R injury model were established with SD rats through periocular injection. Retinal damage was quantified by measuring the thickness of retinal layers, cell counts of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and electroretinography (ERG). Apoptosis of retinal cell was detected by TUNEL assay. Protein and mRNA expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were measured by western blot and real-time quantitate PCR. Bax, Bcl-2 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in retinas were detected by western blot. RESULTS ERG and HE staining showed that dexmedetomidine preconditioning significantly inhibited the histologic damage induced by I/R injury, which expresses apparent concentration dependent. TUNEL demonstrated that apoptosis of retinal cells were reduced by dexmedetomidine. The expression of NF-κB and GFAP were decreased compared I/R blank group. CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine preconditioning suppresses retinal I/R injury and shows effective anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong Chen
- Anesthesia Department, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Ping-Yang Qiu
- Anesthesia Department, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Chuan-Gen Ma
- Anesthesia Department, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, PR China.
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Chen J, Liu J, Wang Y, Hu X, Zhou F, Hu Y, Yuan Y, Xu Y. Wogonin mitigates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via enhancing PPARα/AdipoR2, in vivo and in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:621-631. [PMID: 28486193 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wogonin has been reported to attenuate hyperglycemia in diabetic mice via anti-adipogenic effect on adipocytes. The potential therapeutic role of wogonin in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains obscure. The aim of the present study was to explore the protective effect of wogonin on NAFLD mice and cultured NCTC 1469 cells exposed to palmitate. Wogonin supplementation significantly improved metabolic parameters in NAFLD mice, including body weight, blood glucose, insulin resistance, adiponectin, blood lipids, aminotransferases and hepatic histopathology. Further research in liver tissues from NAFLD mice and NCTC 1469 cells stressed by lipotoxicity showed wogonin treatment reduced inflammatory response by lowering interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), alleviated oxidative stress by preventing the accumulation of oxidative product malondialdehyde (MDA) and strengthening the anti-oxidative capacity of glutathione (GSH), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX). In addition, wogonin repaired the lipotoxicity-induced decline of peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor α (PPARα) and adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) in hepatocytes, in vivo and in vitro. Knock-down of PPARα abolished the protective effect of wogonin on NCTC 1469 cells, including the up-regulation of AdipoR2. Taken together, the current study demonstrated wogonin might be a potential therapeutic agent for NAFLD via up-regulation of hepatic PPARα/AdipoR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; Department of Integrated Wards, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Xuemei Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Yimeng Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Yin Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Yancheng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
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