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Shanmugavadivu A, Lekhavadhani S, Miranda PJ, Selvamurugan N. Current approaches in tissue engineering-based nanotherapeutics for osteosarcoma treatment. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:022003. [PMID: 38324905 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad270b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone neoplasm plagued by poor prognosis. Major treatment strategies include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Chemotherapy to treat OS has severe adverse effects due to systemic toxicity to healthy cells. A possible way to overcome the limitation is to utilize nanotechnology. Nanotherapeutics is an emerging approach in treating OS using nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. Surgical resection of OS leaves a critical bone defect requiring medical intervention. Recently, tissue engineered scaffolds have been reported to provide physical support to bone defects and aid multimodal treatment of OS. These scaffolds loaded with nanoparticulate delivery systems could also actively repress tumor growth and aid new bone formation. The rapid developments in nanotherapeutics and bone tissue engineering have paved the way for improved treatment efficacy for OS-related bone defects. This review focuses on current bifunctional nanomaterials-based tissue engineered (NTE) scaffolds that use novel approaches such as magnetic hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, bioceramic and polymeric nanotherapeutics against OS. With further optimization and screening, NTE scaffolds could meet clinical applications for treating OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinaya Shanmugavadivu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundaravadhanan Lekhavadhani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Nagarajan Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
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2
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Li Y, Liu T, Li X, Yang M, Liu T, Bao J, Jiang M, Hu L, Wang Y, Shao P, Jiang J. Combined surface functionalization of MSC membrane and PDA inhibits neurotoxicity induced by Fe 3O 4 in mice based on apoptosis and autophagy through the ASK1/JNK signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:6933-6949. [PMID: 37470690 PMCID: PMC10415563 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The extensive utilization of iron oxide nanoparticles in medical and life science domains has led to a substantial rise in both occupational and public exposure to these particles. The potential toxicity of nanoparticles to living organisms, their impact on the environment, and the associated risks to human health have garnered significant attention and come to be a prominent area in contemporary research. The comprehension of the potential toxicity of nanoparticles has emerged as a crucial concern to safeguard human health and facilitate the secure advancement of nanotechnology. As nanocarriers and targeting agents, the biocompatibility of them determines the use scope and application prospects, meanwhile surface modification becomes an important measure to improve the biocompatibility. Three different types of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4, Fe3O4@PDA and MSCM-Fe3O4@PDA) were injected into mice through the tail veins. The acute neurotoxicity of them in mice was evaluated by measuring the levels of autophagy and apoptosis in the brain tissues. Our data revealed that iron oxide nanoparticles could cause nervous system damage by regulating the ASK1/JNK signaling pathway. Apoptosis and autophagy may play potential roles in this process. Exposure to combined surface functionalization of mesenchymal stem cell membrane and polydopamine showed the neuroprotective effect and may alleviate brain nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Te Liu
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Yibin Jilin University Research Institute, Jilin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiuying Li
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Modi Yang
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tianxin Liu
- Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jindian Bao
- Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lingling Hu
- Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Pu Shao
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jinlan Jiang
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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3
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Yuan P, Min Y, Zhao Z. Multifunctional nanoparticles for the treatment and diagnosis of osteosarcoma. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 151:213466. [PMID: 37229927 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common primary malignant bone tumor in adolescents. Currently, the commonly used treatment strategies for OS include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, these methods have some problems that cannot be ignored, such as postoperative sequelae and severe side effects. Therefore, in recent years, researchers have been looking for other means to improve the treatment or diagnosis effect of OS and increase the overall survival rate of patients. With the development of nanotechnology, nanoparticles (NPs) have presented excellent properties in improving the therapeutic efficacy of drugs for OS. Nanotechnology makes it possible for NPs to combine various functional molecules and drugs to achieve multiple therapeutic effects. This review presents the important properties of multifunctional NPs for the treatment and diagnosis of OS and focuses on the research progress of common NPs applied for drug or gene delivery, phototherapy and diagnosis of OS, such as carbon-based quantum dots, metal, chitosan and liposome NPs. Finally, the promising prospects and challenges of developing multifunctional NPs with enhanced efficacy are discussed, which lays the foundation and direction for improving the future therapeutic and diagnostic methods of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yajun Min
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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4
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Magnetic Iron Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Surface Enhancements, and Biological Challenges. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10112282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), their physicochemical properties, their potential applications, and their association with the consequent toxicological effects in complex biologic systems. These MNPs have generated an accelerated development and research movement in the last two decades. They are solving a large portion of problems in several industries, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, water remediation, photoelectronics, and information storage, to name a few. As a result, more MNPs are put into contact with biological organisms, including humans, via interacting with their cellular structures. This situation will require a deeper understanding of these particles’ full impact in interacting with complex biological systems, and even though extensive studies have been carried out on different biological systems discussing toxicology aspects of MNP systems used in biomedical applications, they give mixed and inconclusive results. Chemical agencies, such as the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemical substances (REACH) legislation for registration, evaluation, and authorization of substances and materials from the European Chemical Agency (ECHA), have held meetings to discuss the issue. However, nanomaterials (NMs) are being categorized by composition alone, ignoring the physicochemical properties and possible risks that their size, stability, crystallinity, and morphology could bring to health. Although several initiatives are being discussed around the world for the correct management and disposal of these materials, thanks to the extensive work of researchers everywhere addressing the issue of related biological impacts and concerns, and a new nanoethics and nanosafety branch to help clarify and bring together information about the impact of nanoparticles, more questions than answers have arisen regarding the behavior of MNPs with a wide range of effects in the same tissue. The generation of a consolidative framework of these biological behaviors is necessary to allow future applications to be manageable.
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Negi S, Chaudhuri A, Kumar DN, Dehari D, Singh S, Agrawal AK. Nanotherapeutics in autophagy: a paradigm shift in cancer treatment. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2589-2612. [PMID: 35149969 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process in which an organism responds to its nutrient or metabolic emergencies. It involves the degradation of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles by forming double-membrane vesicles called "autophagosomes." They sequester cargoes, leading them to degradation in the lysosomes. Although autophagy acts as a protective mechanism for maintaining homeostasis through cellular recycling, it is ostensibly a cause of certain cancers, but a cure for others. In other words, insufficient autophagy, due to genetic or cellular dysfunctions, can lead to tumorigenesis. However, many autophagy modulators are developed for cancer therapy. Diverse nanoparticles have been documented to induce autophagy. Also, the highly stable nanoparticles show blockage to autophagic flux. In this review, we revealed a general mechanism by which autophagy can be induced or blocked via nanoparticles as well as several studies recently performed to prove the stated fact. In addition, we have also elucidated the paradoxical roles of autophagy in cancer and how their differential role at different stages of various cancers can affect its treatment outcomes. And finally, we summarize the breakthroughs in cancer disease treatments by using metallic, polymeric, and liposomal nanoparticles as potent autophagy modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shloka Negi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Eng. & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Aiswarya Chaudhuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Eng. & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Dulla Naveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Eng. & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Deepa Dehari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Eng. & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Eng. & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Eng. & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, UP, India.
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6
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Lopez S, Hallali N, Lalatonne Y, Hillion A, Antunes JC, Serhan N, Clerc P, Fourmy D, Motte L, Carrey J, Gigoux V. Magneto-mechanical destruction of cancer-associated fibroblasts using ultra-small iron oxide nanoparticles and low frequency rotating magnetic fields. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:421-436. [PMID: 36132704 PMCID: PMC9417452 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00474c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The destruction of cells using the mechanical activation of magnetic nanoparticles with low-frequency magnetic fields constitutes a recent and interesting approach in cancer therapy. Here, we showed that superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as small as 6 nm were able to induce the death of pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts, chosen as a model. An exhaustive screening of the amplitude, frequency, and type (alternating vs. rotating) of magnetic field demonstrated that the best efficacy was obtained for a rotating low-amplitude low-frequency magnetic field (1 Hz and 40 mT), reaching a 34% ratio in cell death induction; interestingly, the cell death was not maximized for the largest amplitudes of the magnetic field. State-of-the-art kinetic Monte-Carlo simulations able to calculate the torque undergone by assemblies of magnetic nanoparticles explained these features and were in agreement with cell death experiments. Simulations showed that the force generated by the nanoparticles once internalized inside the lysosome was around 3 pN, which is in principle not large enough to induce direct membrane disruption. Other biological mechanisms were explored to explain cell death: the mechanical activation of magnetic nanoparticles induced lysosome membrane permeabilization and the release of the lysosome content and cell death was mediated through a lysosomal pathway depending on cathepsin-B activity. Finally, we showed that repeated rotating magnetic field exposure halted drastically the cell proliferation. This study established a proof-of-concept that ultra-small nanoparticles can disrupt the tumor microenvironment through mechanical forces generated by mechanical activation of magnetic nanoparticles upon low-frequency rotating magnetic field exposure, opening new opportunities for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lopez
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets (LPCNO), CNRS-UPS-INSA UMR5215 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
- INSERM ERL1226, Receptology and Targeted Therapy of Cancers 1 Avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhes F-31432 Toulouse France
| | - Nicolas Hallali
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets (LPCNO), CNRS-UPS-INSA UMR5215 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
| | - Yoann Lalatonne
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, LVTS, INSERM, UMR 1148 F-93000 Bobigny France
- Services de Biochimie et Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Avicenne Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris F-93009 Bobigny France
| | - Arnaud Hillion
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets (LPCNO), CNRS-UPS-INSA UMR5215 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
| | - Joana C Antunes
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, LVTS, INSERM, UMR 1148 F-93000 Bobigny France
| | - Nizar Serhan
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets (LPCNO), CNRS-UPS-INSA UMR5215 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
- INSERM ERL1226, Receptology and Targeted Therapy of Cancers 1 Avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhes F-31432 Toulouse France
| | - Pascal Clerc
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets (LPCNO), CNRS-UPS-INSA UMR5215 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
- INSERM ERL1226, Receptology and Targeted Therapy of Cancers 1 Avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhes F-31432 Toulouse France
| | - Daniel Fourmy
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets (LPCNO), CNRS-UPS-INSA UMR5215 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
- INSERM ERL1226, Receptology and Targeted Therapy of Cancers 1 Avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhes F-31432 Toulouse France
| | - Laurence Motte
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, LVTS, INSERM, UMR 1148 F-93000 Bobigny France
| | - Julian Carrey
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets (LPCNO), CNRS-UPS-INSA UMR5215 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
| | - Véronique Gigoux
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets (LPCNO), CNRS-UPS-INSA UMR5215 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
- INSERM ERL1226, Receptology and Targeted Therapy of Cancers 1 Avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhes F-31432 Toulouse France
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7
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Pucci C, Degl'Innocenti A, Belenli Gümüş M, Ciofani G. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia: Recent advancements, molecular effects, and future directions in the omics era. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2103-2121. [DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01963e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have attracted attention in the biomedical field thanks to their ability to prompt hyperthermia in response to an alternated magnetic field. Hyperthermia is well-known for inducing...
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8
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Fernández-Bertólez N, Costa C, Brandão F, Teixeira JP, Pásaro E, Valdiglesias V, Laffon B. Toxicological Aspects of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1357:303-350. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88071-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Liang W, Dong Y, Shao R, Zhang S, Wu X, Huang X, Sun B, Zeng B, Zhao J. Application of Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Osteosarcoma: Focusing on the Liposomes. J Drug Target 2021; 30:463-475. [PMID: 34962448 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.2023160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common primary bone malignancies in children and adolescents. The toxicity to healthy tissues from conventional therapeutic strategies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and drug resistance, severely affect OS patients' quality of life and cancer-specific outcomes. Many efforts have been made to develop various nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems with specific properties to overcome these limitations. Among the developed nanocarriers, liposomes are the most successful and promising candidates for providing targeted tumor therapy and enhancing the safety and therapeutic effect of encapsulated agents. Liposomes have low immunogenicity, high biocompatibility, prolonged half-life, active group protection, cell-like membrane structure, safety, and effectiveness. This review will discuss various nanomaterial-based carriers in cancer therapy and then the characteristics and design of liposomes with a particular focus on the targeting feature. We will also summarize the recent advances in the liposomal drug delivery system for OS treatment in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Yongqiang Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinchang People's Hospital, Shaoxing 312500, China
| | - Ruyi Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhuji People's Hospital, Shaoxing 312500, China
| | - Songou Zhang
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Xiaogang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan 316000, China
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10
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Huang P, Xu L, Xie Y. Biomedical Applications of Electromagnetic Detection: A Brief Review. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:225. [PMID: 34356696 PMCID: PMC8301974 DOI: 10.3390/bios11070225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a review on the biomedical applications of electromagnetic detection in recent years. First of all, the thermal, non-thermal, and cumulative thermal effects of electromagnetic field on organism and their biological mechanisms are introduced. According to the electromagnetic biological theory, the main parameters affecting electromagnetic biological effects are frequency and intensity. This review subsequently makes a brief review about the related biomedical application of electromagnetic detection and biosensors using frequency as a clue, such as health monitoring, food preservation, and disease treatment. In addition, electromagnetic detection in combination with machine learning (ML) technology has been used in clinical diagnosis because of its powerful feature extraction capabilities. Therefore, the relevant research involving the application of ML technology to electromagnetic medical images are summarized. Finally, the future development to electromagnetic detection for biomedical applications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Huang
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Lijun Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Yuedong Xie
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;
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11
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Khoshtabiat L, Meshkini A, Matin MM. Fenton-magnetic based therapy by dual-chemodrug-loaded magnetic hydroxyapatite against colon cancer. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 127:112238. [PMID: 34225878 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fenton-based therapy is emerging as an effective and selective strategy against cancer. However, a low concentration of transition metal ions, insufficient endogenous H2O2, and a high level of antioxidant activity within the cancer cells have hindered the therapeutic efficacy of this strategy. To address these issues, in this study, the Fenton reagent (magnetic hydroxyapatite, mHAP) was accompanied with chemotherapy drugs (cisplatin (CDDP) and methotrexate (MTX)) and static magnetic field (SMF), in such a way to be a pH-, redox-, and magnetic-responsive nanoplatform. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed higher toxicity of the final construct, MTX.CDDP@mHAP, toward colon cancer cells, as compared with that of free drugs. The most effective antitumor activity was observed as MTX.CDDP@mHAP-treated tumor cells were exposed to SMF (0.9 T) and no noticeable damage was observed in the normal cells and tissues. Active targeting by MTX and magnetic targeting by mHAP under magnetic field increased the tumor selectivity and enhanced the tumor site accumulation and cellular uptake of MTX.CDDP@mHAPs. The released iron ions within the cancer cells trigger the Fenton reaction while the release of chemotherapy drugs, reduction of intracellular glutathione, and application of SMF aggravated the Fenton reaction, subsequently leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induction of apoptosis. Therefore, Fenton magnetic-based therapy-mediated by MTX.CDDP@mHAP could be considered as a promising strategy against colon cancer with high therapeutic efficiency and biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laya Khoshtabiat
- Biochemical Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azadeh Meshkini
- Biochemical Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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12
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Afrasiabi M, Seydi E, Rahimi S, Tahmasebi G, Jahanbani J, Pourahmad J. The selective toxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by targeting their mitochondria. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:1-8. [PMID: 33704875 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many researchers have made tremendous efforts into using nanotechnology in biomedical applications and science, such as magnetic resonance imaging, drug delivery, and in particular, oncological therapeutic via superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and especially oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have been a serious and ongoing concern. There are many strong emphases on the importance of toxic mechanisms due to oxidative stress and specifically, the changed cellular response. Therefore, our study was designed to evaluate the effects of SPIONs on OSCC mitochondria because of the usefulness of the application of these nanoparticles in cancer treatment and diagnosis. An increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the substantial mechanisms found for SPIONs in this study, and initially originated from disruption of the electron transfer chain shown by a decrease in mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase activity. Increased ROS formation subsequently followed a decline of mitochondrial membrane potential, the release of mitochondrial cytochrome complex, and mitochondrial swelling in the OSCC mitochondria compared with almost no effect in normal mitochondria. In addition, the SPIONs decreased cell viability and increased lipid peroxidation level and caspase-3 activity in OSCC cells. The results represented that the exposure to the SPIONs induced selective toxicity only on the OSCC but not normal mitochondria. Based on our findings, we finally concluded that the SPIONs may be considered as a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Afrasiabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Enayatollah Seydi
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Shabnam Rahimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Tahmasebi
- Department of Physics, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jahanfar Jahanbani
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Sol-gel synthesis, characterization, dielectric and anti-bacterial properties of soft ferromagnetic oxide system Gd4-xSr1+xFe5-xZnxO14+δ [0 ≤ x ≤ 0.45]. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Dhandapani R, Sathya A, Sethuraman S, Subramanian A. Surface modified NIR magnetic nanoprobes for theranostic applications. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 18:399-408. [PMID: 33217251 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1853700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Near-Infrared based imaging modalities integrated with thermotherapy can facilitate detection of cancer at early stages and mediate high-resolution image-guided hyperthermia. In this work, fluorescent iron oxide nanoparticles (FIO) have been developed possessing deep tissue penetrable NIR imaging and site-specific magnetic hyperthermia characteristics for the elimination of cancer cells.Methods: One-pot synthesis of amine-functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (HIO) were achieved using ethylenediamine (EDA) facilitated conjugation of indocyanine green (ICG) mediated by electrostatic interactions.Results: EDA acts as a capping and reducing agent to direct the structural growth of hydrophilic Fe3O4 nanocrystals with high saturation magnetization, specific absorption rate, and T2 value of 118 emu/g, 329.8 ± 5.96 W/g, and 40.17 mM-1s-1, respectively. Here, Fe2+/Fe3+ of two was maintained to achieve magnetite nanocrystals contradictory to the gold standard ratio of 0.5 without additives for nucleation and growth. Developed FIO showed excellent cytocompatibility even at higher concentrations and on subjecting to magnetic hyperthermia reduced its survival percentage. FIO biodistribution in mice showed enhanced half-life than free ICG with preferential localization in the brain and liver.Conclusion: Developed FIO using a facile technique is a potential clinical alternative for cellular tracking, imaging, and hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Dhandapani
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Ayyappan Sathya
- Department of Physics, School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Anuradha Subramanian
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
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15
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Bi Q, Song X, Hu A, Luo T, Jin R, Ai H, Nie Y. Magnetofection: Magic magnetic nanoparticles for efficient gene delivery. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Zhang Y, Hai Y, Miao Y, Qi X, Xue W, Luo Y, Fan H, Yue T. The toxicity mechanism of different sized iron nanoparticles on human breast cancer (MCF7) cells. Food Chem 2020; 341:128263. [PMID: 33038805 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity mechanism of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were examined multidimensionally to reduce the toxicity risks. A higher dosage and more suitable size of SPIONs enhanced the uptake amount into MCF7 cells, leading to a higher specific uptake rate of SPIONs with the formation of more reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS was an intrinsic factor of cell death. Interestingly, the smaller SPIONs (S1) liked to produce more ROS in mitochondria to damage mitochondria, while the larger SPIONs (S2 and S3) promoted ROS yield in plasma to destroy cytomembrane. Furthermore, ROS synthesis pathways were the partial of cell death pathways, and ferroptosis pathway was the main contributor to mitochondrial and cytomembrane damage. Meanwhile, ROS amount was well coincided to gene expression level of these cell death pathways, which inferred RNA-seq might be a new method to evaluate the oxidative stress and potential toxicity of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yu Hai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Xiao Qi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Weiming Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yane Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
| | - Haiming Fan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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17
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Palacios-Hernandez T, Diaz-Diestra DM, Nguyen AK, Skoog SA, Vijaya Chikkaveeraiah B, Tang X, Wu Y, Petrochenko PE, Sussman EM, Goering PL. Cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and apoptotic responses in human coronary artery endothelial cells exposed to ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:918-930. [PMID: 32080871 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPION) possess reactive surfaces, are metabolized and exhibit unique magnetic properties. These properties are desirable for designing novel theranostic biomedical products; however, toxicity mechanisms of USPION are not completely elucidated. The goal of this study was to investigate cell interactions (uptake and cytotoxicity) of USPION using human coronary artery endothelial cells as a vascular cell model. Polyvinylpirrolidone-coated USPION were characterized: average diameter 17 nm (transmission electron microscopy [TEM]), average hydrodynamic diameter 44 nm (dynamic light scattering) and zeta potential -38.75 mV. Cells were exposed to 0 (control), 25, 50, 100 or 200 μg/mL USPION. Concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity were observed after 3-6 hours through 24 hours of exposure using Alamar Blue and Real-Time Cell Electronic Sensing assays. Cell uptake was evaluated by imaging using live-dead confocal microscopy, actin and nuclear fluorescent staining, and TEM. Phase-contrast, confocal microscopy, and TEM imaging showed significant USPION internalization as early as 3 hours after exposure to 25 μg/mL. TEM imaging demonstrated particle internalization in secondary lysosomes with perinuclear localization. Three orthogonal assays were conducted to assess apoptosis. TUNEL staining demonstrated a marked increase in fragmented DNA, a response pathognomonic of apoptosis, after a 4-hour exposure. Cells subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis exhibited degraded DNA 3 hours after exposure. Caspase-3/7 activity increased after a 3-hour exposure. USPION uptake resulted in cytotoxicity involving apoptosis and these results contribute to further mechanistic understanding of the USPION toxicity in vitro in cardiovascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Palacios-Hernandez
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Daysi M Diaz-Diestra
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Alexander K Nguyen
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Shelby A Skoog
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Bhaskara Vijaya Chikkaveeraiah
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Xing Tang
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Yong Wu
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Peter E Petrochenko
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Eric M Sussman
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Peter L Goering
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
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18
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Guo L, He N, Zhao Y, Liu T, Deng Y. Autophagy Modulated by Inorganic Nanomaterials. Theranostics 2020; 10:3206-3222. [PMID: 32194863 PMCID: PMC7053187 DOI: 10.7150/thno.40414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of nanotechnology, inorganic nanomaterials (NMs) have been widely applied in modern society. As human exposure to inorganic NMs is inevitable, comprehensive assessment of the safety of inorganic NMs is required. It is well known that autophagy plays dual roles in cell survival and cell death. Moreover, inorganic NMs have been proven to induce autophagy perturbation in cells. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of inorganic NMs-modulated autophagy is required for the safety assessment of inorganic NMs. This review presents an overview of a set of inorganic NMs, consisting of iron oxide NMs, silver NMs, gold NMs, carbon-based NMs, silica NMs, quantum dots, rare earth oxide NMs, zinc oxide NMs, alumina NMs, and titanium dioxide NMs, as well as how each modulates autophagy. This review emphasizes the potential mechanisms underlying NMs-induced autophagy perturbation, as well as the role of autophagy perturbation in cell fate determination. Furthermore, we also briefly review the potential roles of inorganic NMs-modulated autophagy in diagnosis and treatment of disease.
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19
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Wang SY, Hu HZ, Qing XC, Zhang ZC, Shao ZW. Recent advances of drug delivery nanocarriers in osteosarcoma treatment. J Cancer 2020; 11:69-82. [PMID: 31892974 PMCID: PMC6930408 DOI: 10.7150/jca.36588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor mainly occurred in children and adolescence, and chemotherapy is limited for the side effects and development of drug resistance. Advances in nanotechnology and knowledge of cancer biology have led to significant improvements in developing tumor-targeted drug delivery nanocarriers, and some have even entered clinically application. Delivery of chemotherapeutic agents by functionalized smart nanocarriers could protect the drugs from rapid clearance, prolong the circulating time, and increase the drug concentration at tumor sites, thus enhancing the therapeutic efficacy and reducing side effects. Various drug delivery nanocarriers have been designed and tested for osteosarcoma treatment, but most of them are still at experimental stage, and more further studies are needed before clinical application. In this present review, we briefly describe the types of commonly used nanocarriers in osteosarcoma treatment, and discuss the strategies for osteosarcoma-targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs. The application of nanoparticles in the management of metastatic osteosarcoma is also briefly discussed. The purpose of this article is to present an overview of recent progress of nanoscale drug delivery platforms in osteosarcoma, and inspire new ideas to develop more effective therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Yu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hong-Zhi Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiang-Cheng Qing
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhi-Cai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zeng-Wu Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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20
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Orel VE, Tselepi M, Mitrelias T, Zabolotny M, Shevchenko A, Rykhalskyi A, Romanov A, Orel VB, Burlaka A, Lukin S, Kyiashko V, Barnes CHW. The comparison between superparamagnetic and ferromagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for cancer nanotherapy in the magnetic resonance system. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:415701. [PMID: 31265997 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab2ea7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The paper aims to compare zeta potentials, magnetic properties, electron spin resonance, photoluminescence (PL) spectra and antitumor effect of magneto-mechano-chemically synthesized magneto-sensitive nanocomplexes loaded with the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOXO) during nanotherapy of Walker-256 carcinosarcoma carried out by a magnetic resonance system. Diamagnetic DOXO acquired the properties of a paramagnetic substance after synthesis. MNC comprising superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NP) and DOXO had different g-factors, zeta potentials, a lower saturation magnetic moment, area of the hysteresis loop, and a higher coercivity compared to similar MNC with ferromagnetic NP. The main PL peak of MNC spectrum was defined by DOXO at 598 nm. MNC composed of superparamagnetic NP and DOXO showed a lower standard deviation of the normal PL spectral distribution than MNC based on ferromagnetic NP in relation to conventional DOXO. MNC containing superparamagnetic NP responded to resonance conditions leading to a more pronounced antitumor effect compared to MNC with ferromagnetic NP in the course of magnetic nanotherapy for Walker-256 carcinosarcoma bearing animals (temperature inside the tumor did not exceed 40 °C). Therefore, these findings are associated with differences in chemotherapeutic effect between MNC due to a different surface charge and conformational changes in DOXO molecules during its magnetoelectric interaction with single- and multidomain NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerii E Orel
- National Cancer Institute, 33/43 Lomonosov St., 03022, Kyiv, Ukraine. Biomedical Engineering Department, NTUU 'Igor Sikorsky KPI', Kyiv, Ukraine
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21
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A review on application of Nano-structures and Nano-objects with high potential for managing different aspects of bone malignancies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2019.100348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Dulińska-Litewka J, Łazarczyk A, Hałubiec P, Szafrański O, Karnas K, Karewicz A. Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles-Current and Prospective Medical Applications. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12040617. [PMID: 30791358 PMCID: PMC6416629 DOI: 10.3390/ma12040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent, fast development of nanotechnology is reflected in the medical sciences. Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) are an excellent example. Thanks to their superparamagnetic properties, SPIONs have found application in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and magnetic hyperthermia. Unlike bulk iron, SPIONs do not have remnant magnetization in the absence of the external magnetic field; therefore, a precise remote control over their action is possible. This makes them also useful as a component of the advanced drug delivery systems. Due to their easy synthesis, biocompatibility, multifunctionality, and possibility of further surface modification with various chemical agents, SPIONs could support many fields of medicine. SPIONs have also some disadvantages, such as their high uptake by macrophages. Nevertheless, based on the ongoing studies, they seem to be very promising in oncological therapy (especially in the brain, breast, prostate, and pancreatic tumors). The main goal of our paper is, therefore, to present the basic properties of SPIONs, to discuss their current role in medicine, and to review their applications in order to inspire future developments of new, improved SPION systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Dulińska-Litewka
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7 Kopernika St., 31-034 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Łazarczyk
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7 Kopernika St., 31-034 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Hałubiec
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7 Kopernika St., 31-034 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Oskar Szafrański
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7 Kopernika St., 31-034 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Karolina Karnas
- Department of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Anna Karewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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Cellular and Molecular Toxicity of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1048:199-213. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72041-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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