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Vilchis-Landeros MM, Vázquez-Meza H, Vázquez-Carrada M, Uribe-Ramírez D, Matuz-Mares D. Antioxidant Enzymes and Their Potential Use in Breast Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5675. [PMID: 38891864 PMCID: PMC11171593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), breast cancer (BC) is the deadliest and the most common type of cancer worldwide in women. Several factors associated with BC exert their effects by modulating the state of stress. They can induce genetic mutations or alterations in cell growth, encouraging neoplastic development and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are able to activate many signal transduction pathways, producing an inflammatory environment that leads to the suppression of programmed cell death and the promotion of tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis; these effects promote the development and progression of malignant neoplasms. However, cells have both non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant systems that protect them by neutralizing the harmful effects of ROS. In this sense, antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and peroxiredoxin (Prx) protect the body from diseases caused by oxidative damage. In this review, we will discuss mechanisms through which some enzymatic antioxidants inhibit or promote carcinogenesis, as well as the new therapeutic proposals developed to complement traditional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Magdalena Vilchis-Landeros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico; (M.M.V.-L.); (H.V.-M.)
| | - Héctor Vázquez-Meza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico; (M.M.V.-L.); (H.V.-M.)
| | - Melissa Vázquez-Carrada
- Institute of Microbiology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Daniel Uribe-Ramírez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City C.P. 07738, Mexico;
| | - Deyamira Matuz-Mares
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico; (M.M.V.-L.); (H.V.-M.)
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Cueto-Ureña C, Ramírez-Expósito MJ, Mayas MD, Carrera-González MP, Godoy-Hurtado A, Martínez-Martos JM. Glutathione Peroxidase gpx1 to gpx8 Genes Expression in Experimental Brain Tumors Reveals Gender-Dependent Patterns. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1674. [PMID: 37761814 PMCID: PMC10530768 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive research efforts in the field of brain tumor studies have led to the reclassification of tumors by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the identification of various molecular subtypes, aimed at enhancing diagnosis and treatment strategies. However, the quest for biomarkers that can provide a deeper understanding of tumor development mechanisms, particularly in the case of gliomas, remains imperative due to their persistently incurable nature. Oxidative stress has been widely recognized as a key mechanism contributing to the formation and progression of malignant tumors, with imbalances in antioxidant defense systems being one of the underlying causes for the excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) implicated in tumor initiation. In this study, we investigated the gene expression patterns of the eight known isoforms of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in brain tissue obtained from male and female control rats, as well as rats with transplacental ethyl nitrosourea (ENU)-induced brain tumors. Employing the delta-delta Ct method for RT-PCR, we observed minimal expression levels of gpx2, gpx5, gpx6, and gpx7 in the brain tissue from the healthy control animals, while gpx3 and gpx8 exhibited moderate expression levels. Notably, gpx1 and gpx4 displayed the highest expression levels. Gender differences were not observed in the expression profiles of these isoforms in the control animals. Conversely, the tumor tissue exhibited elevated relative expression levels in all isoforms, except for gpx4, which remained unchanged, and gpx5, which exhibited alterations solely in female animals. Moreover, except for gpx1, which displayed no gender differences, the relative expression values of gpx2, gpx3, gpx6, gpx7, and gpx8 were significantly higher in the male animals compared to their female counterparts. Hence, the analysis of glutathione peroxidase isoforms may serve as a valuable approach for discerning the behavior of brain tumors in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cueto-Ureña
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS-1039, Department of Health Sciences, School of Experimental and Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (C.C.-U.); (M.J.R.-E.); (M.D.M.); (M.P.C.-G.)
| | - María Jesús Ramírez-Expósito
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS-1039, Department of Health Sciences, School of Experimental and Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (C.C.-U.); (M.J.R.-E.); (M.D.M.); (M.P.C.-G.)
| | - María Dolores Mayas
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS-1039, Department of Health Sciences, School of Experimental and Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (C.C.-U.); (M.J.R.-E.); (M.D.M.); (M.P.C.-G.)
| | - María Pilar Carrera-González
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS-1039, Department of Health Sciences, School of Experimental and Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (C.C.-U.); (M.J.R.-E.); (M.D.M.); (M.P.C.-G.)
| | | | - José Manuel Martínez-Martos
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS-1039, Department of Health Sciences, School of Experimental and Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (C.C.-U.); (M.J.R.-E.); (M.D.M.); (M.P.C.-G.)
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Inchanalkar M, Srivatsa S, Ambatipudi S, Bhosale PG, Patil A, Schäffer AA, Beerenwinkel N, Mahimkar MB. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of HPV-negative leukoplakia and gingivobuccal complex cancers. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:93. [PMID: 37245006 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01510-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gingivobuccal complex oral squamous cell carcinoma (GBC-OSCC) is an aggressive malignancy with high mortality often preceded by premalignant lesions, including leukoplakia. Previous studies have reported genomic drivers in OSCC, but much remains to be elucidated about DNA methylation patterns across different stages of oral carcinogenesis. RESULTS There is a serious lack of biomarkers and clinical application of biomarkers for early detection and prognosis of gingivobuccal complex cancers. Hence, in search of novel biomarkers, we measured genome-wide DNA methylation in 22 normal oral tissues, 22 leukoplakia, and 74 GBC-OSCC tissue samples. Both leukoplakia and GBC-OSCC had distinct methylation profiles as compared to normal oral tissue samples. Aberrant DNA methylation increases during the different stages of oral carcinogenesis, from premalignant lesions to carcinoma. We identified 846 and 5111 differentially methylated promoters in leukoplakia and GBC-OSCC, respectively, with a sizable fraction shared between the two sets. Further, we identified potential biomarkers from integrative analysis in gingivobuccal complex cancers and validated them in an independent cohort. Integration of genome, epigenome, and transcriptome data revealed candidate genes with gene expression synergistically regulated by copy number and DNA methylation changes. Regularised Cox regression identified 32 genes associated with patient survival. In an independent set of samples, we validated eight genes (FAT1, GLDC, HOXB13, CST7, CYB5A, MLLT11, GHR, LY75) from the integrative analysis and 30 genes from previously published reports. Bisulfite pyrosequencing validated GLDC (P = 0.036), HOXB13 (P < 0.0001) promoter hypermethylation, and FAT1 (P < 0.0001) hypomethylation in GBC-OSCC compared to normal controls. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identified methylation signatures associated with leukoplakia and gingivobuccal complex cancers. The integrative analysis in GBC-OSCC identified putative biomarkers that enhance existing knowledge of oral carcinogenesis and may potentially help in risk stratification and prognosis of GBC-OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Inchanalkar
- Mahimkar Lab, Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Center, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India
| | - Sumana Srivatsa
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Srikant Ambatipudi
- Mahimkar Lab, Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Center, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Priyanka G Bhosale
- Mahimkar Lab, Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Center, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, Tower Wing, London, UK
| | - Asawari Patil
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Alejandro A Schäffer
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, and National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Niko Beerenwinkel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manoj B Mahimkar
- Mahimkar Lab, Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Center, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India.
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Wang F, Yang K, Pan R, Xiang Y, Xiong Z, Li P, Li K, Sun H. A glycometabolic gene signature associating with immune infiltration and chemosensitivity and predicting the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1115759. [PMID: 37293295 PMCID: PMC10244582 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1115759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has suggested that glycometabolism plays an important role in the pathogenesis of tumorigenesis. However, few studies have investigated the prognostic values of glycometabolic genes in patients with osteosarcoma (OS). This study aimed to recognize and establish a glycometabolic gene signature to forecast the prognosis, and provide therapeutic options for patients with OS. Methods Univariate and multivariate Cox regression, LASSO Cox regression, overall survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve, and nomogram were adopted to develop the glycometabolic gene signature, and further evaluate the prognostic values of this signature. Functional analyses including Gene Ontology (GO), kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analyses (KEGG), gene set enrichment analysis, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, were used to explore the molecular mechanisms of OS and the correlation between immune infiltration and gene signature. Moreover, these prognostic genes were further validated by immunohistochemical staining. Results A total of four genes including PRKACB, SEPHS2, GPX7, and PFKFB3 were identified for constructing a glycometabolic gene signature which had a favorable performance in predicting the prognosis of patients with OS. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor. Functional analyses indicated that multiple immune associated biological processes and pathways were enriched in the low-risk group, while 26 immunocytes were down-regulated in the high-risk group. The patients in high-risk group showed elevated sensitivity to doxorubicin. Furthermore, these prognostic genes could directly or indirectly interact with other 50 genes. A ceRNA regulatory network based on these prognostic genes was also constructed. The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that SEPHS2, GPX7, and PFKFB3 were differentially expressed between OS tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Conclusion The preset study constructed and validated a novel glycometabolic gene signature which could predict the prognosis of patients with OS, identify the degree of immune infiltration in tumor microenvironment, and provide guidance for the selection of chemotherapeutic drugs. These findings may shed new light on the investigation of molecular mechanisms and comprehensive treatments for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Runsang Pan
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhilin Xiong
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Pinhao Li
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Antonelli A, Scarpa ES, Bruzzone S, Astigiano C, Piacente F, Bruschi M, Fraternale A, Di Buduo CA, Balduini A, Magnani M. Anoxia Rapidly Induces Changes in Expression of a Large and Diverse Set of Genes in Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065157. [PMID: 36982232 PMCID: PMC10049254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sinusoidal endothelial cells are the predominant vascular surface of the bone marrow and constitute the functional hematopoietic niche where hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells receive cues for self-renewal, survival, and differentiation. In the bone marrow hematopoietic niche, the oxygen tension is usually very low, and this condition affects stem and progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation and other important functions of this region. Here, we have investigated in vitro the response of endothelial cells to a marked decrease in O2 partial pressure to understand how the basal gene expression of some relevant biological factors (i.e., chemokines and interleukins) that are fundamental for the intercellular communication could change in anoxic conditions. Interestingly, mRNA levels of CXCL3, CXCL5, and IL-34 genes are upregulated after anoxia exposure but become downmodulated by sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) overexpression. Indeed, the expression levels of some other genes (such as Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF)) that were not significantly affected by 8 h anoxia exposure become upregulated in the presence of SIRT6. Therefore, SIRT6 mediates also the endothelial cellular response through the modulation of selected genes in an extreme hypoxic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Antonelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Cecilia Astigiano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacente
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Michela Bruschi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fraternale
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Balduini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University in Boston, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Venkitachalam S, Babu D, Ravillah D, Katabathula RM, Joseph P, Singh S, Udhayakumar B, Miao Y, Martinez-Uribe O, Hogue JA, Kresak AM, Dawson D, LaFramboise T, Willis JE, Chak A, Garman KS, Blum AE, Varadan V, Guda K. The Ephrin B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Is a Regulator of Proto-oncogene MYC and Molecular Programs Central to Barrett's Neoplasia. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:1228-1241. [PMID: 35870513 PMCID: PMC9613614 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mechanisms contributing to the onset and progression of Barrett's (BE)-associated esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) remain elusive. Here, we interrogated the major signaling pathways deregulated early in the development of Barrett's neoplasia. METHODS Whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing analysis was performed in primary BE, EAC, normal esophageal squamous, and gastric biopsy tissues (n = 89). Select pathway components were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in an independent cohort of premalignant and malignant biopsy tissues (n = 885). Functional impact of selected pathway was interrogated using transcriptomic, proteomic, and pharmacogenetic analyses in mammalian esophageal organotypic and patient-derived BE/EAC cell line models, in vitro and/or in vivo. RESULTS The vast majority of primary BE/EAC tissues and cell line models showed hyperactivation of EphB2 signaling. Transcriptomic/proteomic analyses identified EphB2 as an endogenous binding partner of MYC binding protein 2, and an upstream regulator of c-MYC. Knockdown of EphB2 significantly impeded the viability/proliferation of EAC and BE cells in vitro/in vivo. Activation of EphB2 in normal esophageal squamous 3-dimensional organotypes disrupted epithelial maturation and promoted columnar differentiation programs, notably including MYC. EphB2 and MYC showed selective induction in esophageal submucosal glands with acinar ductal metaplasia, and in a porcine model of BE-like esophageal submucosal gland spheroids. Clinically approved inhibitors of MEK, a protein kinase that regulates MYC, effectively suppressed EAC tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The EphB2 signaling is frequently hyperactivated across the BE-EAC continuum. EphB2 is an upstream regulator of MYC, and activation of EphB2-MYC axis likely precedes BE development. Targeting EphB2/MYC could be a promising therapeutic strategy for this often refractory and aggressive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Venkitachalam
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Deepak Babu
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Durgadevi Ravillah
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ramachandra M Katabathula
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Peronne Joseph
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Salendra Singh
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Bhavatharini Udhayakumar
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yanling Miao
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Omar Martinez-Uribe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joyce A Hogue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Adam M Kresak
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dawn Dawson
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Thomas LaFramboise
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Joseph E Willis
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Amitabh Chak
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Katherine S Garman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Andrew E Blum
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Division of Gastroenterology, Northeast Ohio Veteran Affairs Healthcare System, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Vinay Varadan
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Kishore Guda
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
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Fang H, Li H, Zhang H, Wang S, Xu S, Chang L, Yang Y, Cui R. Short-chain L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase: A novel vital oncogene or tumor suppressor gene in cancers. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1019312. [PMID: 36313354 PMCID: PMC9614034 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1019312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The reprogramming of cellular metabolism is frequently linked to tumorigenesis. Glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids are the specific substrates involved in how an organism maintains metabolic equilibrium. The HADH gene codes for the short-chain L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADH), a crucial enzyme in fatty acid oxidation that catalyzes the third phase of fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria. Increasing data suggest that HADH is differentially expressed in various types of malignancies and is linked to cancer development and progression. The significance of HADH expression in tumors and its potential mechanisms of action in the onset and progression of certain cancers are summarized in this article. The possible roles of HADH as a target and/or biomarker for the detection and treatment of various malignancies is also described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hanyang Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Chang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongsheng Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Bela K, Riyazuddin R, Csiszár J. Plant Glutathione Peroxidases: Non-Heme Peroxidases with Large Functional Flexibility as a Core Component of ROS-Processing Mechanisms and Signalling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081624. [PMID: 36009343 PMCID: PMC9404953 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) are non-heme peroxidases catalyzing the reduction of H2O2 or organic hydroperoxides to water or corresponding alcohols using glutathione (GSH) or thioredoxin (TRX) as a reducing agent. In contrast to animal GPXs, the plant enzymes are non-seleno monomeric proteins that generally utilize TRX more effectively than GSH but can be a putative link between the two main redox systems. Because of the substantial differences compared to non-plant GPXs, use of the GPX-like (GPXL) name was suggested for Arabidopsis enzymes. GPX(L)s not only can protect cells from stress-induced oxidative damages but are crucial components of plant development and growth. Due to fine-tuning the H2O2 metabolism and redox homeostasis, they are involved in the whole life cycle even under normal growth conditions. Significantly new mechanisms were discovered related to their transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications by describing gene regulatory networks, interacting microRNA families, or identifying Lys decrotonylation in enzyme activation. Their involvement in epigenetic mechanisms was evidenced. Detailed genetic, evolutionary, and bio-chemical characterization, and comparison of the main functions of GPXs, demonstrated their species-specific roles. The multisided involvement of GPX(L)s in the regulation of the entire plant life ensure that their significance will be more widely recognized and applied in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Bela
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Riyazuddin Riyazuddin
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jolán Csiszár
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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Li J, Huo S, Zhang R, Shi C, Sun N, Liu Q. Glutathione peroxidase family and survival prognosis in patients with renal cell carcinoma. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 47:562-572. [PMID: 35753726 PMCID: PMC10929921 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2022.210418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a renal cortical tumor with high clinical incidence. The effect of glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) on RCC and the possible mechanism are still unclear. This study aims to explore the expression level of GPXs gene in RCC and its effect on the clinical prognosis of patients with RCC via bioinformatics analysis. METHODS The mRNA expressions of GPXs family genes were obtained from the public data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The Kruskal-Wails test was used to analyze the differences in mRNA expression of GPXs family genes between samples from patients with RCC and the normal population. UALAN databases were used to analyze the differences in protein expression of GPXs family genes between samples from patients with renal clear cell carcinoma and the normal population, and to evaluate the role of GPXs family genes in RCC. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter was used to analyze the correlation between different types of RCC and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free survival (PFS). Kaplan-Meier survival curve was drawn based on the GPX8 gene expression to study the relationship between GPX8 gene expression and prognosis of RCC patients. Based on the results of multivariate Cox regression analysis, a Nomogram scoring model for RCC prediction was established by introducing GPX8 gene. RESULTS The mRNA expressions of GPX1 and GPX4 were higher in the sample of renal chromophobe cell carcinoma, renal clear cell carcinoma, and renal papillary cell carcinoma than those in the normal population (all P<0.01), and GPX7 and GPX8 were significantly over-expressed in patients with renal papillary cell carcinoma and renal clear cell carcinoma (all P<0.01). Compared with the normal group, the protein expressions of GPX1, GPX2, GPX7, and GPX8 were increased significantly in renal clear cell carcinoma (all P<0.01), while GPX3 and GPX4 expressions were decreased significantly (both P<0.01). The protein expressions of GPX1, GPX2, GPX7, and GPX8 were increased significantly in patients with renal clear cell carcinoma at different tumor grades (all P<0.01), while GPX3 and GPX4 expressions were decreased significantly (both P<0.01). Survival analysis showed that OS, DFS, DSS, and PFS were all decreased in patients with clear cell carcinoma compared with patients with papillary cell carcinoma and chromophobe cell carcinoma. According to the GPX8 level, patients were assigned into the low, medium, and high expression groups. Compared with the low GPX8 level group, the OS (P<0.01), DFS (P=0.03), DSS (P<0.01), and PFS (P=3.18×10-7) were significantly decreased in the high level group. Univariate Cox proportional regression analysis showed that the high level of GPX8 was associated with poor OS of 3 different types of renal cancer. Multifactorial analysis showed that GPX8 was an independent factor affecting the OS of patients with renal papillary cell carcinoma. Race and post tumor node metastasis (pTNM) typing were independent factors influencing the OS of patients with renal clear cell carcinoma. GPX8 and pTMN were independent factors influencing the OS of patients with renal chromophobe cell carcinoma. Based on these variables, the Nomogram risk models of 3 types of cell carcinoma were established, and the discrimination and calibration of the models were evaluated using the Consistency index (C-index) and calibration curves. The C-index of the risk model of renal papillary cell carcinoma was 0.62 (95% CI 0.51 to 1.00, P=0.03). The results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.88. The C-index of the risk model of renal clear cell carcinoma was 0.72 (95% CI 0.52 to 1.00, P=0.03). The results of ROC curve showed that the AUC was 0.90. The C-index of the risk model of chromophobe cell carcinoma of kidney was 0.90 (95% CI 0.85 to 1.00, P<0.01). The results of ROC curve showed that the AUC was 0.59. CONCLUSIONS GPXs family genes, especially GPX8, are potential markers for poor prognosis of RCC, and the occurrence and development of RCC can be predicted in clinical practice based on the expressions of GPXs family genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang Shaanxi 712046.
| | - Shengjie Huo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang Shaanxi 712046, China
| | - Rongqiang Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang Shaanxi 712046.
| | - Chuandao Shi
- Department of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang Shaanxi 712046
| | - Na Sun
- Department of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang Shaanxi 712046
| | - Qiling Liu
- Department of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang Shaanxi 712046
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Ferreira WAS, Vitiello GAF, da Silva Medina T, de Oliveira EHC. Comprehensive analysis of epigenetics regulation, prognostic and the correlation with immune infiltrates of GPX7 in adult gliomas. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6442. [PMID: 35440701 PMCID: PMC9018725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most commonly occurring malignant brain tumor characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment accompanied by profound epigenetic changes, thus influencing the prognosis. Glutathione peroxidase 7 (GPX7) is essential for regulating reactive oxygen species homeostasis under oxidative stress. However, little is known about the function of GPX7 in gliomas. In this study, we hypothesized that GPX7 methylation status could influence biological functions and local immune responses that ultimately impact prognosis in adult gliomas. We conducted an integrated bioinformatics analysis mining GPX7 DNA methylation status, transcriptional and survival data of glioma patients. We discovered that GPX7 was remarkably increased in glioma tissues and cell lines, and was associated with poor prognosis. This upregulation was significantly linked to clinicopathological and molecular features, besides being expressed in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Our results consistently demonstrated that upregulation of GPX7 is tightly modulated by epigenetic processes, which also impacted the overall survival of patients with low-grade gliomas (LGG). Based on the analysis of biological functions, we found that GPX7 might be involved in immune mechanisms involving both innate and adaptive immunity, type I interferon production and regulation of synaptic transmission in LGG, whereas in GBM, it is mainly related to metabolic regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. We also found that GPX7 strongly correlates with immune cell infiltration and diverse immune cell markers, suggesting its role in tumor-specific immune response and in regulating the migration of immune cell types to the tumor microenvironment. Combining these multiple data, we provided the first evidence regarding the epigenetic-mediated regulatory mechanisms underlying GPX7 activation in gliomas. Furthermore, our study brings key insights into the significant effect of GPX7 in modulating both immune molecules and in immune cell infiltration in the microenvironment of gliomas, which might impact the patient outcome, opening up future opportunities to regulate the local immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallax Augusto Silva Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Environment Section (SAMAM), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua, Brazil.
| | | | - Tiago da Silva Medina
- Translational Immuno-Oncology Group, International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edivaldo Herculano Correa de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Environment Section (SAMAM), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua, Brazil.,Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
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11
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Zhao Q, Zhang L, Wang Y, Sun Y, Wang T, Cao J, Qi M, Du X, Xia Z, Zhang R, Yang Y. A Bioinformatic Analysis: The Overexpression and Prognostic Potential of GPX7 in Lower-Grade Glioma. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:4321-4337. [PMID: 35480989 PMCID: PMC9037894 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s356850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glutathione peroxidase-7 (GPX7) is a newly discovered non-selenium-containing protein with glutathione peroxidase activity, which mainly protects the organism from oxidative damage and is very important for basic biology studies. This study aims to reveal the expression pattern of GPX7 and its prognosis potential from a pan-cancer perspective. Methods Expression levels of GPX7 in human tumor tissues and normal tissues were evaluated using Human Protein Atlas (HPA), the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and UALCAN databases. The prognostic potential of GPX7 for 33 TCGA tumors was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis. Subsequently, the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) dataset was used to further verify the expression of GPX7 and its prognostic potential in glioma. We explored the correlation between GPX7 and immune infiltration, tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI). Furthermore, a nomogram lower-grade glioma (LGG) was constructed to verify the prognostic outcome of patients. Finally, the relationship between GPX7 and treatment regimens for LGG was also explored. Results GPX7 was overexpressed in multiple tumors. Elevated expression of GPX7 was associated with poor prognosis of LGG patients (OS hazard ratio (HR) = 1.044, P < 0.0001; DFS HR = 1.035, P < 0.0001; PFS HR = 1.045, P < 0.0001). GPX7 was proved to be an independent prognostic factor of LGG through univariate and multivariate Cox analysis. The nomogram confirmed a better predictability (Concordance index (C-index): 0.845; 95% CI, 0.825–0.865). GPX7 was positively correlated with TMB in LGG. GPX7 expression was negatively correlated with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of temozolomide (TMZ) (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\end{document}spearman= −0.59, P =1.3e-48). Conclusion GPX7 was upregulated in multiple tumors, and it was a potential prognostic biomarker in LGG. High-expressed GPX7 can predict the sensitivity of TMZ in LGG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhao
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luyu Zhang
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Sun
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianpei Wang
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Cao
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Qi
- Ankang R&D Center of Se-Enriched Products, Ankang, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Du
- Ankang R&D Center of Se-Enriched Products, Ankang, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zengrun Xia
- Ankang R&D Center of Se-Enriched Products, Ankang, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongqiang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Rongqiang Zhang, School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No.1 Middle Section of Century Avenue, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-029-38185219 Email
| | - Yin Yang
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- The Second Department of Orthopedics, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Yin Yang, The Second Department of Orthopedics, Xi’an Central Hospital, No. 161, West Fifth Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710003, People’s Republic of China, Email
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12
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Zhou Y, Wu H, Wang F, Xu L, Yan Y, Tong X, Yan H. GPX7 Is Targeted by miR-29b and GPX7 Knockdown Enhances Ferroptosis Induced by Erastin in Glioma. Front Oncol 2022; 11:802124. [PMID: 35127512 PMCID: PMC8811259 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.802124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is a lethal primary tumor of central nervous system. Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of necrotic cell death. Triggering ferroptosis has shown potential to eliminate aggressive tumors. GPX7, a member of glutathione peroxidase family (GPXs), has been described to participate in oxidative stress and tumorigenesis. However, the biological functions of GPX7 in glioma are still unknown. Methods Bioinformatics method was used to assess the prognostic role of GPX7 in glioma. CCK8, wound healing, transwell and cell apoptosis assays were performed to explore the functions of GPX7 in glioma cells. In vivo experiment was also conducted to confirm in vitro findings. Ferroptosis-related assays were carried out to investigate the association between GPX7 and ferroptosis in glioma. Results GPX7 was aberrantly expressed in glioma and higher expression of GPX7 was correlated with adverse outcomes. GPX7 silencing enhanced ferroptosis-related oxidative stress in glioma cells and the loss of GXP7 sensitized glioma to ferroptosis induced by erastin. Furthermore, we found that miR-29b directly suppressed GPX7 expression post-transcriptionally. Reconstitution of miR-29b enhanced erastin sensitivity, partly via GPX7 suppression. Conclusions Our study clarified the prognostic role of GPX7 in glioma and preliminarily revealed the role of GPX7 in ferroptosis, which may be conducive to the exploration of therapeutic targets of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyang Wu
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanchen Wang
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoguang Tong
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Analysis of Influencing Factors on the Occurrence and Development of Gastric Cancer in High-Incidence Areas of Digestive Tract Tumors Based on High Methylation of GPX3 Gene. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:3094881. [PMID: 35069731 PMCID: PMC8769839 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3094881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stomach cancer is the second largest cause of cancer-related mortality globally, and it continues to be a reason for worry today. Inhalation of the stomach cancer risk factor H. pylori produces large levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). When combined with glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides. To get a better understanding of the GPX3 gene's role in the illness, the researchers used quantitative real-time RT-PCR to examine the gene's expression and regulation in gastric cancer cell lines, original gastric cancer samples, and 45 normal stomach mucosa adjacent to malignancies. According to the research, GPX3 expression was decreased or silenced in eight of nine cancer cell lines and 83 percent of gastric cancer samples (90/108) as compared to normal gastric tissues in the vicinity of the tumor (P < 0.0001). It was found that 60 percent of stomach cancer samples exhibited DNA hypermethylation after analyzing the GPX3 promoter (P=0.007) (a methylation level of more than 10 percent, as measured by bisulfite pyrosequencing). In stomach tumors, we found a statistically significant reduction in the amount of GPX3 DNA copies (P < 0.001). The gene expression of SNU1 and MKN28 cells was restored after treatment with 5-Aza-2′ Deoxycytidine to reduce GPX3 promoter methylation. Genetic and epigenetic alterations lead GPX3 to be dysfunctional in gastric cancer. This indicates that the systems that regulate ROS have been disrupted, and GPX3 may be implicated in the development of gastric cancer, as shown by our results when evaluated alone and in combination.
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14
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Interplay between Mitochondrial Metabolism and Cellular Redox State Dictates Cancer Cell Survival. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1341604. [PMID: 34777681 PMCID: PMC8580634 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1341604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main powerhouse of the cell, generating ATP through the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which drives myriad cellular processes. In addition to their role in maintaining bioenergetic homeostasis, changes in mitochondrial metabolism, permeability, and morphology are critical in cell fate decisions and determination. Notably, mitochondrial respiration coupled with the passage of electrons through the electron transport chain (ETC) set up a potential source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While low to moderate increase in intracellular ROS serves as secondary messenger, an overwhelming increase as a result of either increased production and/or deficient antioxidant defenses is detrimental to biomolecules, cells, and tissues. Since ROS and mitochondria both regulate cell fate, attention has been drawn to their involvement in the various processes of carcinogenesis. To that end, the link between a prooxidant milieu and cell survival and proliferation as well as a switch to mitochondrial OXPHOS associated with recalcitrant cancers provide testimony for the remarkable metabolic plasticity as an important hallmark of cancers. In this review, the regulation of cell redox status by mitochondrial metabolism and its implications for cancer cell fate will be discussed followed by the significance of mitochondria-targeted therapies for cancer.
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15
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Hanousková B, Vávrová G, Ambrož M, Boušová I, Karlsen TA, Skálová L, Matoušková P. MicroRNAs mediated regulation of glutathione peroxidase 7 expression and its changes during adipogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2021; 1864:194734. [PMID: 34339889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2021.194734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase 7 (GPx7) acts as an intracellular stress sensor/transmitter and plays an important role in adipocyte differentiation and the prevention of obesity related pathologies. For this reason, finding the regulatory mechanisms that control GPx7 expression is of great importance. As microRNAs (miRNAs) could participate in the regulation of GPx7 expression, we studied the inhibition of GPx7 expression by four selected miRNAs with relation to obesity and adipogenesis. The effect of the transfection of selected miRNAs mimics on GPx7 expression was tested in three cell models (HEK293, SW480, AT-MSC). The interaction of selected miRNAs with the 3'UTR of GPx7 was followed up on using a luciferase gene reporter assay. In addition, the levels of GPx7 and selected miRNAs in adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSC) and mature adipocytes from four human donors were compared, with the changes in these levels during adipogenesis analyzed. Our results show for the first time that miR-137 and miR-29b bind to the 3'UTR region of GPx7 and inhibit the expression of this enzyme at the mRNA and protein level in all the human cells tested. However, no negative correlation between miR-137 nor miR-29b level and GPx7 was observed during adipogenesis. Despite the confirmed inhibition of GPx7 expression by miR-137 and miR-29b, the action of these two molecules in adipogenesis and mature adipocytes must be accompanied by other regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Hanousková
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gabriela Vávrová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Ambrož
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Boušová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tommy A Karlsen
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lenka Skálová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Matoušková
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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16
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Peng D, Zaika A, Que J, El-Rifai W. The antioxidant response in Barrett's tumorigenesis: A double-edged sword. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101894. [PMID: 33621787 PMCID: PMC7907897 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is the dominant form of esophageal malignancies in the United States and other industrialized countries. The incidence of EAC has been rising rapidly during the past four decades. Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the main precancerous condition for EAC, where a metaplastic columnar epithelium replaces normal squamous mucosa of the lower esophagus. The primary risk factor for BE and EAC are chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), obesity and smoking. During the BE-dysplasia-EAC sequence, esophageal cells are under a tremendous burden of accumulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. While normal cells have intact antioxidant machinery to maintain a balanced anti-tumorigenic physiological response, the antioxidant capacity is compromised in neoplastic cells with a pro-tumorigenic development antioxidant response. The accumulation of ROS, during the neoplastic progression of the GERD-BE-EAC sequence, induces DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. Neoplastic cells adapt to oxidative stress by developing a pro-tumorigenic antioxidant response that keeps oxidative damage below lethal levels while promoting tumorigenesis, progression, and resistance to therapy. In this review, we will summarize the recent findings on oxidative stress in tumorigenesis in the context of the GERD-BE-EAC process. We will discuss how EAC cells adapt to increased ROS. We will review APE1 and NRF2 signaling mechanisms in the context of EAC. Finally, we will discuss the potential clinical significance of applying antioxidants or NRF2 activators as chemoprevention and NRF2 inhibitors in treating EAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunfa Peng
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Alexander Zaika
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA.
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Jaganjac M, Milkovic L, Sunjic SB, Zarkovic N. The NRF2, Thioredoxin, and Glutathione System in Tumorigenesis and Anticancer Therapies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1151. [PMID: 33228209 PMCID: PMC7699519 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains an elusive, highly complex disease and a global burden. Constant change by acquired mutations and metabolic reprogramming contribute to the high inter- and intratumor heterogeneity of malignant cells, their selective growth advantage, and their resistance to anticancer therapies. In the modern era of integrative biomedicine, realizing that a personalized approach could benefit therapy treatments and patients' prognosis, we should focus on cancer-driving advantageous modifications. Namely, reactive oxygen species (ROS), known to act as regulators of cellular metabolism and growth, exhibit both negative and positive activities, as do antioxidants with potential anticancer effects. Such complexity of oxidative homeostasis is sometimes overseen in the case of studies evaluating the effects of potential anticancer antioxidants. While cancer cells often produce more ROS due to their increased growth-favoring demands, numerous conventional anticancer therapies exploit this feature to ensure selective cancer cell death triggered by excessive ROS levels, also causing serious side effects. The activation of the cellular NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2) pathway and induction of cytoprotective genes accompanies an increase in ROS levels. A plethora of specific targets, including those involved in thioredoxin (TRX) and glutathione (GSH) systems, are activated by NRF2. In this paper, we briefly review preclinical research findings on the interrelated roles of the NRF2 pathway and TRX and GSH systems, with focus given to clinical findings and their relevance in carcinogenesis and anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Neven Zarkovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.J.); (L.M.); (S.B.S.)
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Buday K, Conrad M. Emerging roles for non-selenium containing ER-resident glutathione peroxidases in cell signaling and disease. Biol Chem 2020; 402:271-287. [PMID: 33055310 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of cellular redox control is pivotal for normal cellular functions and cell fate decisions including cell death. Among the key cellular redox systems in mammals, the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) family of proteins is the largest conferring multifaceted functions and affecting virtually all cellular processes. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident GPXs, designated as GPX7 and GPX8, are the most recently added members of this family of enzymes. Recent studies have provided exciting insights how both enzymes support critical processes of the ER including oxidative protein folding, maintenance of ER redox control by eliminating H2O2, and preventing palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity. Consequently, numerous pathological conditions, such as neurodegeneration, cancer and metabolic diseases have been linked with altered GPX7 and GPX8 expression. Studies in mice have demonstrated that loss of GPX7 leads to increased differentiation of preadipocytes, increased tumorigenesis and shortened lifespan. By contrast, GPX8 deficiency in mice results in enhanced caspase-4/11 activation and increased endotoxic shock in colitis model. With the increasing recognition that both types of enzymes are dysregulated in various tumor entities in man, we deem a review of the emerging roles played by GPX7 and GPX8 in health and disease development timely and appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Buday
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764Neuherberg, Germany.,National Research Medical University, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Ostrovityanova 1, 117997Moscow, Russia
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19
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Zhang J, Liu Y, Guo Y, Zhao Q. GPX8 promotes migration and invasion by regulating epithelial characteristics in non-small cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:3299-3308. [PMID: 32975378 PMCID: PMC7606007 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. The family of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), an important antioxidant enzyme in human tissues, has been discovered to play a key role in the development of cancers. GPX8 is the most promising molecule of the family in a therapeutic strategy against a variety of cancers. The main purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the function and clinical value of GPX8 in NSCLC. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot analysis and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to assess GPX8 expression and its clinical significance in NSCLC. A series of cell biology experiments and bioinformatic analysis tools were further used to study the function of GPX8. Results GPX8 expression in tumor tissues was much higher than that in normal lung tissues. High expression of GPX8 in NSCLC was correlated with a worse clinical outcome and prognosis. Furthermore, GPX8 could inhibit the apoptosis of tumor cells and promote its migration and invasion. Conclusions Our results conclusively demonstrated that GPX8 could affect the oncogenesis and prognosis of NSCLC via regulating epithelial characteristics. The study also illustrated that GPX8 could serve as a prognostic predictor and potential therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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20
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Cao L, Hu T, Lu H, Peng D. N-MYC Downstream Regulated Gene 4 ( NDRG4), a Frequent Downregulated Gene through DNA Hypermethylation, plays a Tumor Suppressive Role in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092573. [PMID: 32927604 PMCID: PMC7565689 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Esophageal adenocarcinoma has become a major clinical challenge in the western world due to its rapid increasing incidence and poor overall prognosis. Understanding the molecular events of its tumorigenesis is the key to better diagnosis and development of better therapeutic strategies. In the current study we aimed to identify epigenetic alteration targets in esophageal adenocarcinoma. We focused on a candidate gene, NDRG4 (N-myc downregulated gene 4). We found that NDRG4 was frequent downregulated in esophageal adenocarcinoma through DNA hypermethylation of its promoter region. Re-expression of NRDG4 in cancer cells significantly suppressed tumor growth via inhibition of cell proliferation. These results will improve our understanding on how dysfunction of NDRG4 contributes to esophageal adenocarcinoma. DNA hypermethylation of NDRG4 may be a useful biomarker in clinical monitoring of esophageal adenocarcinoma patients. Abstract The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has been rising dramatically in the past few decades in the United States and Western world. The N-myc downregulated gene 4 (NDRG4) belongs to the human NDRG family. In this study, we aimed to identify the expression levels, regulation, and functions of NDRG4 in EAC. Using an integrative epigenetic approach, we identified genes showing significant downregulation in EAC and displaying upregulation after 5-Aza-deoxycitidine. Among these genes, likely to be regulated by DNA methylation, NDRG4 was among the top 10 candidate genes. Analyses of TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) data sets and EAC tissue samples demonstrated that NDRG4 was significantly downregulated in EAC (p < 0.05). Using Pyrosequencing technology for quantification of DNA methylation, we detected that NDRG4 promoter methylation level was significantly higher in EAC tissue samples, as compared to normal esophagus samples (p < 0.01). A strong inverse correlation between NDRG4 methylation and its gene expression levels (r = −0.4, p < 0.01) was observed. Treatment with 5-Aza restored the NDRG4 expression, confirming that hypermethylation is a driving force for NDRG4 silencing in EAC. Pathway and gene set enrichment analyses of TCGA data suggested that NDRG4 is strongly associated with genes related to cell cycle regulation. Western blotting analysis showed significant downregulation of Cyclin D1, CDK4 and CDK6 in EAC cells after overexpression of NDRG4. Functionally, we found that the reconstitution of NDRG4 resulted in a significant reduction in tumor cell growth in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) organotypic culture models and inhibited tumor cell proliferation as indicated by the EdU (5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine) proliferation assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Cao
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (L.C.); (T.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Tianling Hu
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (L.C.); (T.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Heng Lu
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (L.C.); (T.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Dunfa Peng
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (L.C.); (T.H.); (H.L.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 305-243-3989
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21
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Romero-Garcia S, Prado-Garcia H, Carlos-Reyes A. Role of DNA Methylation in the Resistance to Therapy in Solid Tumors. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1152. [PMID: 32850327 PMCID: PMC7426728 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in chemotherapeutic treatments against cancer, some types of highly aggressive and invasive cancer develop drug resistance against conventional therapies, which continues to be a major problem in the fight against cancer. In recent years, studies of alterations of DNA methylome have given us a better understanding of the role of DNA methylation in the development of tumors. DNA methylation (DNAm) is an epigenetic change that promotes the covalent transfer of methyl groups to DNA. This process suppresses gene expression through the modulation of the transcription machinery access to the chromatin or through the recruitment of methyl binding proteins. DNAm is regulated mainly by DNA methyltransferases. Aberrant DNAm contributes to tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to current anti-tumoral therapies. Aberrant DNAm may occur through hypermethylation in the promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes, which leads to their silencing, while hypomethylation in the promoter regions of oncogenes can activate them. In this review, we discuss the impact of dysregulated methylation in certain genes, which impact signaling pathways associated with apoptosis avoidance, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. The analysis of methylome has revealed patterns of global methylation, which regulate important signaling pathways involved in therapy resistance in different cancer types, such as breast, colon, and lung cancer, among other solid tumors. This analysis has provided gene-expression signatures of methylated region-specific DNA that can be used to predict the treatment outcome in response to anti-cancer therapy. Additionally, changes in cancer methylome have been associated with the acquisition of drug resistance. We also review treatments with demethylating agents that, in combination with standard therapies, seem to be encouraging, as tumors that are in early stages can be successfully treated. On the other hand, tumors that are in advanced stages can be treated with these combination schemes, which could sensitize tumor cells that are resistant to the therapy. We propose that rational strategies, which combine specific demethylating agents with conventional treatment, may improve overall survival in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Romero-Garcia
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Heriberto Prado-Garcia
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angeles Carlos-Reyes
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
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22
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Zhang ML, Wu HT, Chen WJ, Xu Y, Ye QQ, Shen JX, Liu J. Involvement of glutathione peroxidases in the occurrence and development of breast cancers. J Transl Med 2020; 18:247. [PMID: 32571353 PMCID: PMC7309991 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) belong to a family of enzymes that is important in organisms; these enzymes promote hydrogen peroxide metabolism and protect cell membrane structure and function from oxidative damage. Based on the establishment and development of the theory of the pathological roles of free radicals, the role of GPxs has gradually attracted researchers' attention, and the involvement of GPxs in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors has been shown. On the other hand, the incidence of breast cancer in increasing, and breast cancer has become the leading cause of cancer-related death in females worldwide; breast cancer is thought to be related to the increased production of reactive oxygen species, indicating the involvement of GPxs in these processes. Therefore, this article focused on the molecular mechanism and function of GPxs in the occurrence and development of breast cancer to understand their role in breast cancer and to provide a new theoretical basis for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Li Zhang
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Wen-Jia Chen
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Department of Physiology/Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Ya Xu
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Qian-Qian Ye
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Department of Physiology/Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Jia-Xin Shen
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Department of Physiology/Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
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23
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Wei J, Xie Q, Liu X, Wan C, Wu W, Fang K, Yao Y, Cheng P, Deng D, Liu Z. Identification the prognostic value of glutathione peroxidases expression levels in acute myeloid leukemia. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:678. [PMID: 32617298 PMCID: PMC7327321 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) are an enzyme family with peroxidase activity. Abnormal GPX expression is associated with carcinogenesis. However, the potential role of the GPX gene family in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains to be comprehensively examined. Methods We analyzed GPX mRNA expression levels and determined the correlation between gene expression and the prognostic value via multiple universally acknowledged databases including the Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), PROGgeneV2, UALCAN, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), and The European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) databases. The functional network of differentially expressed GPXs was investigated via the NetworkAnalyst platform. Correlated genes as well as kinase, microRNA (miRNA), and transcription factor (TF) targets were identified using LinkedOmics. Results We observed that the transcriptional expression levels of GPX-1, -2, -4, -7, and -8 had significant difference between AML patients samples and normal samples, and that AML patients with high expression of GPX-1, -3, -4, and -7 were associated with poorer prognosis of overall survival (OS). Functional enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed GPXs were mainly enriched in response to oxidative stress, regulation of immune response, and inflammatory response, along with glutathione metabolism and ferroptosis. Overexpression of correlated genes, PSMB10, VPS13D, NDUFS8, ATP5D, POLR2E, and HADH were linked to adverse OS in AML. Regulatory network analysis indicated that differentially expressed GPXs regulated cell proliferation, cancer progression, apoptosis, and cell cycle signaling via pathways involving cancer-related kinases (such as DAPK1 and SRC), miRNAs (such as miR-202 and miR-181), and TFs (such as SRF and E2F1). Conclusions Our findings offer novel insights into the differential expression and prognostic potential of the GPX family in AML, and lay a foundation for subsequent research of GPX’s role in the carcinogenesis and regulatory network of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wei
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiongni Xie
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xinran Liu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chengyao Wan
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Kuiyan Fang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yibin Yao
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Donghong Deng
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhenfang Liu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Guan S, Zhang Q, Bao J, Hu R, Czech T, Tang J. Recognition Sites for Cancer-targeting Drug Delivery Systems. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:815-834. [PMID: 31580248 DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666191003161114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Target-homing drug delivery systems are now gaining significant attention for use as novel therapeutic approaches in antitumor targeting for cancer therapy. Numerous targeted drug delivery systems have been designed to improve the targeting effects because these systems can display a range of favorable properties, thus, providing suitable characteristics for clinical applicability of anticancer drugs, such as increasing the solubility, and improving the drug distribution at target sites. The majority of these targeting systems are designed with respect to differences between cancerous and normal tissues, for instance, the low pH of tumor tissues or overexpressed receptors on tumor cell membranes. Due to the growing number of targeting possibilities, it is important to know the tumor-specific recognition strategies for designing novel, targeted, drug delivery systems. Herein, we identify and summarize literature pertaining to various recognition sites for optimizing the design of targeted drug delivery systems to augment current chemotherapeutic approaches. OBJECTIVE This review focuses on the identification of the recognition sites for developing targeted drug delivery systems for use in cancer therapeutics. METHODS We have reviewed and compiled cancer-specific recognition sites and their abnormal characteristics within tumor tissues (low pH, high glutathione, targetable receptors, etc.), tumor cells (receptor overexpression or tumor cell membrane changes) and tumor cell organelles (nuclear and endoplasmic reticular dysregulation) utilizing existing scientific literature. Moreover, we have highlighted the design of some targeted drug delivery systems that can be used as homing tools for these recognition sites. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Targeted drug delivery systems are a promising therapeutic approach for tumor chemotherapy. Additional research focused on finding novel recognition sites, and subsequent development of targeting moieties for use with drug delivery systems will aid in the evaluation and clinical application of new and improved chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jianwei Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Rongfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui "115" Xin'an Medicine Research & Development Innovation Team, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Tori Czech
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, United States
| | - Jihui Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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25
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Wihadmadyatami H, Karnati S, Hening P, Tjahjono Y, Rizal, Maharjanti F, Kusindarta DL, Triyono T, Supriatno. Ethanolic extract Ocimum sanctum Linn. induces an apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02772. [PMID: 31844708 PMCID: PMC6895684 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocimum sanctum (OS) is tropical herbal plant which is easy to find and widely used as a vegetable food in Indonesia. In last decade, lung adenocarcinoma was in top position as male cancer disease in Indonesia. Recently, emerging data showing the extracts of different species of Ocimum exhibiting the anti-tumor properties. Further studies on lung lewis carcinoma demonstrated pro-apoptosis effects after the treatment with Ocimum extracts. However, the effect of OS of Indonesian origin in human alveolar pulmonary adenocarcinoma A549 cells remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate effects of ethanolic extract OS (EEOS) in A549 cell culture systems. Cell adhesion and viability assays revealed that EEOS significantly decreased the attachment into extracellular matrix of A549 cells. Morphological examination AO/EB and DAPI staining indicated that EEOS induced the cells shrinkage, DNA fragmentation and condensation of A549 cells. Further, EEOS treatment induced the apoptosis rate followed by up-regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), caspase-3 expression and decreased anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. This condition also suppressed the expression of SOD2 as well as the GPx. In conclusion, our findings indicate that EEOS suppressed the viability of A549 cells, which may result from the activation of ROS promoting the apoptosis signaling via mitochondrial intrinsic pathway. Taken together, EEOS might be a good therapeutic potential to further understand its properties in the treatment of lung carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hevi Wihadmadyatami
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281
| | - Srikanth Karnati
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius Maxilimilian University Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Puspa Hening
- Integrated Laboratory for Research and Testing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281
| | - Yudy Tjahjono
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya, Indonesia, 60265
| | - Rizal
- Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Fitriana Maharjanti
- Integrated Laboratory for Research and Testing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281
| | - Dwi Liliek Kusindarta
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281
| | - Teguh Triyono
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281
| | - Supriatno
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281
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NRF2 antioxidant response protects against acidic bile salts-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in esophageal cells. Cancer Lett 2019; 458:46-55. [PMID: 31132430 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the main risk factor for Barrett's tumorigenesis. In this study, we investigated the role of NRF2 in response to exposure to acidic bile salts (ABS), in conditions that mimic GERD, using Barrett's esophagus cell models. We detected an increase in NRF2 protein levels, following exposure to ABS. We found oxidization of cysteines (cysteines with oxidized thiol groups) in KEAP1 protein with a weaker interaction between NRF2 and KEAP1, following ABS exposure. Treatment with bile salts increased nuclear NRF2 levels, enhancing its transcription activity, as measured by an ARE (antioxidant response element) luciferase reporter assay. The mRNA expression levels of NRF2 target genes, HO-1 and GR, were increased in response to ABS exposure. Using genetic overexpression and knockdown of NRF2, we found that NRF2 has a critical role in suppressing ABS-induced ROS levels, oxidative DNA damage, DNA double strand breaks, and apoptosis. Collectively, our results suggest that transient induction of NRF2 in response to ABS plays a pivotal role in protecting esophageal cells by maintaining the levels of oxidative stress and DNA damage below lethal levels under GERD conditions.
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27
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Zhou Z, Lu H, Zhu S, Gomaa A, Chen Z, Yan J, Washington K, El-Rifai W, Dang C, Peng D. Activation of EGFR-DNA-PKcs pathway by IGFBP2 protects esophageal adenocarcinoma cells from acidic bile salts-induced DNA damage. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:13. [PMID: 30626422 PMCID: PMC6327430 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-1021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is rising rapidly in the US and Western countries. The development of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and its progression to EAC have been linked to chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Exposure of BE and EAC cells to acidic bile salts (ABS) in GERD conditions induces high levels of oxidative stress and DNA damage. In this study, we investigated the role of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) in regulating ABS-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Methods Real-time RT-PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, flow cytometry, and cycloheximide (CHX) chase assays were used in this study. To mimic GERD conditions, a cocktail of acidic bile salts (pH 4) was used in 2D and 3D organotypic culture models. Overexpression and knockdown of IGFBP2 in EAC cells were established to examine the functional and mechanistic roles of IGFBP2 in ABS-induced DNA damage. Results Our results demonstrated high levels of IGFBP2 mRNA and protein in EAC cell lines as compared to precancerous Barrett’s cell lines, and IGFBP2 is frequently overexpressed in EACs (31/57). Treatment of EAC cells with ABS, to mimic GERD conditions, induced high levels of IGFBP2 expression. Knocking down endogenous IGFBP2 in FLO1 cells (with constitutive high levels of IGFBP2) led to a significant increase in DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis, following transient exposure to ABS. On the other hand, overexpression of exogenous IGFBP2 in OE33 cells (with low endogenous levels of IGFBP2) had a protective effect against ABS-induced double-strand breaks and apoptosis. We found that IGFBP2 is required for ABS-induced nuclear accumulation and phosphorylation of EGFR and DNA-PKcs, which are necessary for DNA damage repair activity. Using co-immunoprecipitation assay, we detected co-localization of IGFBP2 with EGFR and DNA-PKcs, following acidic bile salts treatment. We further demonstrated, using cycloheximide chase assay, that IGFBP2 promotes EGFR protein stability in response to ABS exposure. Conclusions IGFBP2 protects EAC cells against ABS-induced DNA damage and apoptosis through stabilization and activation of EGFR - DNA-PKcs signaling axis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-1021-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjian Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta W. Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136-1015, USA
| | - Heng Lu
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136-1015, USA
| | - Shoumin Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136-1015, USA
| | - Ahmed Gomaa
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136-1015, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136-1015, USA
| | - Jin Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136-1015, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136-1015, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136-1015, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Chengxue Dang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta W. Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Dunfa Peng
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136-1015, USA. .,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136-1015, USA.
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Ni X, Tan Z, Ding C, Zhang C, Song L, Yang S, Liu M, Jia R, Zhao C, Song L, Liu W, Zhou Q, Gong T, Li X, Tai Y, Zhu W, Shi T, Wang Y, Xu J, Zhen B, Qin J. A region-resolved mucosa proteome of the human stomach. Nat Commun 2019; 10:39. [PMID: 30604760 PMCID: PMC6318339 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07960-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gastric mucosa is the most active layer of the stomach wall, involved in food digestion, metabolic processes and gastric carcinogenesis. Anatomically, the human stomach is divided into seven regions, but the protein basis for cellular specialization is not well understood. Here we present a global analysis of protein profiles of 82 apparently normal mucosa samples obtained from living individuals by endoscopic stomach biopsy. We identify 6,258 high-confidence proteins and estimate the ranges of protein expression in the seven stomach regions, presenting a region-resolved proteome reference map of the near normal, human stomach. Furthermore, we measure mucosa protein profiles of tumor and tumor nearby tissues (TNT) from 58 gastric cancer patients, enabling comparisons between tumor, TNT, and normal tissue. These datasets provide a rich resource for the gastrointestinal tract research community to investigate the molecular basis for region-specific functions in mucosa physiology and pathology including gastric cancer. The human stomach is divided into seven anatomically distinct regions but their protein composition is largely unknown. Here, the authors present a region-resolved map of the healthy human stomach mucosa as well as mucosa proteomes of tumor and tumor nearby tissue from gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Ni
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100071, China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Institute of lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.,Center for Bioinformatics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhaoli Tan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Chen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Institute of lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunchao Zhang
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Institute of lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Institute of lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ru Jia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Chuanhua Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Institute of lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wanlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Institute of lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Institute of lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Tongqing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Institute of lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xianju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Institute of lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yanhong Tai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Weimin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Institute of lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Tieliu Shi
- Center for Bioinformatics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Institute of lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.,Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Bei Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Institute of lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Jun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Institute of lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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29
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Cui Q, Wang JQ, Assaraf YG, Ren L, Gupta P, Wei L, Ashby CR, Yang DH, Chen ZS. Modulating ROS to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2018; 41:1-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Souho T, Lamboni L, Xiao L, Yang G. Cancer hallmarks and malignancy features: Gateway for improved targeted drug delivery. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1928-1945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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