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Andreozzi F, Mancuso E, Rubino M, Salvatori B, Morettini M, Monea G, Göbl C, Mannino GC, Tura A. Glucagon kinetics assessed by mathematical modelling during oral glucose administration in people spanning from normal glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1376530. [PMID: 38681771 PMCID: PMC11045965 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1376530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives Glucagon is important in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis, with also effects on lipids. In this study, we aimed to apply a recently developed model of glucagon kinetics to determine the sensitivity of glucagon variations (especially, glucagon inhibition) to insulin levels ("alpha-cell insulin sensitivity"), during oral glucose administration. Subjects/Methods We studied 50 participants (spanning from normal glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes) undergoing frequently sampled 5-hr oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The alpha-cell insulin sensitivity and the glucagon kinetics were assessed by a mathematical model that we developed previously. Results The alpha-cell insulin sensitivity parameter (named SGLUCA; "GLUCA": "glucagon") was remarkably variable among participants (CV=221%). SGLUCA was found inversely correlated with the mean glycemic values, as well as with 2-hr glycemia of the OGTT. When stratifying participants into two groups (normal glucose tolerance, NGT, N=28, and impaired glucose regulation/type 2 diabetes, IGR_T2D, N=22), we found that SGLUCA was lower in the latter (1.50 ± 0.50·10-2 vs. 0.26 ± 0.14·10-2 ng·L-1 GLUCA/pmol·L-1 INS, in NGT and IGR_T2D, respectively, p=0.009; "INS": "insulin"). Conclusions The alpha-cell insulin sensitivity is highly variable among subjects, and it is different in groups at different glucose tolerance. This may be relevant for defining personalized treatment schemes, in terms of dietary prescriptions but also for treatments with glucagon-related agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elettra Mancuso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariangela Rubino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Micaela Morettini
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Monea
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Christian Göbl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gaia Chiara Mannino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Tura
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
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Liu S, Ezran C, Wang MFZ, Li Z, Awayan K, Long JZ, De Vlaminck I, Wang S, Epelbaum J, Kuo CS, Terrien J, Krasnow MA, Ferrell JE. An organism-wide atlas of hormonal signaling based on the mouse lemur single-cell transcriptome. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2188. [PMID: 38467625 PMCID: PMC10928088 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hormones mediate long-range cell communication and play vital roles in physiology, metabolism, and health. Traditionally, endocrinologists have focused on one hormone or organ system at a time. Yet, hormone signaling by its very nature connects cells of different organs and involves crosstalk of different hormones. Here, we leverage the organism-wide single cell transcriptional atlas of a non-human primate, the mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), to systematically map source and target cells for 84 classes of hormones. This work uncovers previously-uncharacterized sites of hormone regulation, and shows that the hormonal signaling network is densely connected, decentralized, and rich in feedback loops. Evolutionary comparisons of hormonal genes and their expression patterns show that mouse lemur better models human hormonal signaling than mouse, at both the genomic and transcriptomic levels, and reveal primate-specific rewiring of hormone-producing/target cells. This work complements the scale and resolution of classical endocrine studies and sheds light on primate hormone regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Liu
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Camille Ezran
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael F Z Wang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Zhengda Li
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kyle Awayan
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Long
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Iwijn De Vlaminck
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sheng Wang
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jacques Epelbaum
- Adaptive Mechanisms and Evolution (MECADEV), UMR 7179, National Center for Scientific Research, National Museum of Natural History, Brunoy, France
| | - Christin S Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jérémy Terrien
- Adaptive Mechanisms and Evolution (MECADEV), UMR 7179, National Center for Scientific Research, National Museum of Natural History, Brunoy, France
| | - Mark A Krasnow
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - James E Ferrell
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Mannino GC, Mancuso E, Sbrignadello S, Morettini M, Andreozzi F, Tura A. Chemical Compounds and Ambient Factors Affecting Pancreatic Alpha-Cells Mass and Function: What Evidence? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16489. [PMID: 36554367 PMCID: PMC9778390 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The exposure to different substances present in the environment can affect the ability of the human body to maintain glucose homeostasis. Some review studies summarized the current evidence about the relationships between environment and insulin resistance or beta-cell dysfunction. Instead, no reviews focused on the relationships between the environment and the alpha cell, although in recent years clear indications have emerged for the pivotal role of the alpha cell in glucose regulation. Thus, the aim of this review was to analyze the studies about the effects of chemical, biological, and physical environmental factors on the alpha cell. Notably, we found studies focusing on the effects of different categories of compounds, including air pollutants, compounds of known toxicity present in common objects, pharmacological agents, and compounds possibly present in food, plus studies on the effects of physical factors (mainly heat exposure). However, the overall number of relevant studies was limited, especially when compared to studies related to the environment and insulin sensitivity or beta-cell function. In our opinion, this was likely due to the underestimation of the alpha-cell role in glucose homeostasis, but since such a role has recently emerged with increasing strength, we expect several new studies about the environment and alpha-cell in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Chiara Mannino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elettra Mancuso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Micaela Morettini
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Tura
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 35127 Padova, Italy
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4
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Farhadi-Azar M, Ghahremani M, Mahboobifard F, Noroozzadeh M, Yaghmaei P, Tehrani FR. Effects of Rosa damascena on reproductive improvement, metabolic parameters, liver function and insulin-like growth factor-1 gene expression in estradiol valerate induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in Wistar rats. Biomed J 2022; 46:100538. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Wang T, Maimaitituersun G, Shi H, Chen C, Ma Q, Su Y, Yao H, Zhu J. The relationship between polymorphism of insulin-like growth factor I gene and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in Uygur population, Xinjiang, China. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:499-508. [PMID: 35094288 PMCID: PMC8921155 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) susceptibility varies among different populations and is affected by gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 gene, which has many SNP loci, is involved in T2DM pathogenesis. However, the relationship of IGF-1 gene polymorphism with T2DM in Uyghur population is less studied. Objective To investigate the relationship between T2DM susceptibility and polymorphism of IGF-1 gene in Uyghur population of Xinjiang, China. Methods This study enrolled 220 cases (122 males (55.46%) and 98 females (44.54%); mean age of 53.40 ± 10.94 years) of T2DM patients (T2DM group) and 229 (124 males (54.15%) and 105 females (45.85%); mean age of 51.64 ± 10.48 years) healthy controls (control group). Biochemical indexes were determined. IGF-1 gene polymorphism was analyzed by SNP genotyping. Results The levels of TG, HDL, LDL, BUN, and Cr were statistically significant between the T2DM group and the control group. In terms of IGF-1 polymorphism, T2DM group had higher frequency of AA genotype (OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.19–4.84) and allele A (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.17–2.06) of rs35767 loci, suggesting that rs35767 is related to the occurrence of T2DM. A total of 5 gene interaction models was obtained through analyzing the interaction of 5 SNP loci with the GMDR method. Among them, the two-factor model that included rs35767 locus and rs5742694 locus had statistical difference with a large cross-validation consistency (10/10). The combination of GG/CC, GA/AA, AA/AA, and AA/AC genotype was in high-risk group, whereas the combination of GG/AA, GG/AC, GA/AC and GA/CC genotype was in the low-risk group. The risk of T2DM in the high-risk group was 2.165 times than that of the low-risk group (OR = 2.165, 95% CI = 1.478–3.171). Conclusion TG, HDL, LDL, BUN, and Cr are influencing factors of T2DM in Uyghur population. The rs35767 locus of IGF-1 gene may be associated with T2DM in Uyghur population. The high-risk group composing of rs35767 locus and rs5742694 locus has a higher risk of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- School of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | | | - Haonan Shi
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Clinical Laboratory Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830001, China
| | - Qi Ma
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No.137. Liyushan road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830001, China.
| | - Yinxia Su
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Health Management Institute, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Hua Yao
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Health Management Institute, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Cadre Health Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91, Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, China.
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He S, He Y, Jin F, Liu Y. Correlation analysis of IGF-1, ZAG, nesfatin-1, HbA1c levels, and type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with hypothyroidism. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25432. [PMID: 33847643 PMCID: PMC8052084 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To analyze the correlation between IGF-1, ZAG, nesfatin-1, HbA1c levels, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with hypothyroidism.Fifty-five patients with type-2 diabetes who were admitted to our hospital from August 2018 to February 2020 were selected as the control group, and 55 patients with type 2 diabetes combined with hypothyroidism who were admitted to the hospital at the same period were selected as the combined group, and 56 patients who came to our hospital for physical examination at the same period were selected as the healthy group. The general clinical data and relevant laboratory indexes of all patients in the three groups were collected and statistically analyzed. Besides, the correlation between IGF-1, ZAG, nesfatin-1, HbA1c levels, and T2DM complicated with hypothyroidism was analyzed.Levels of FPG, FINS, TC, TG, LDL, 2hPBG, TPOAb, TgAb, and HOMA-IR in the diabetes group and combined group were all significantly higher than those in the healthy group, while HDL and T4 levels in the diabetes group and combined group were lower than those in the healthy group (P < .05). The levels of FPG, FINS, TC, TG, LDL, 2hPBG, TPOAb, and TgAb in the combined group were significantly higher than those in the diabetes group (P < .05), and the levels of HDL and T4 were lower than those in the diabetes group. In addition, the IGF-1 level was positively correlated with ZAG, nesfatin-1, and HbA1c levels in the combined group (P < .05), and IGF-1 (OR: 0.964, 95% CI: 0.943-0.983, P = .001), ZAG (OR: 1.298, 95% CI: 1.121-1.401, P = .005), nesfatin-1 (OR: 0.876, 95% CI: 0.751-0.901, P = .002), and HbA1c (OR: 1.321, 95% CI: 1.121-1.401, P = .012) were independent risk factors for T2DM complicated with hypothyroidism.Regular detection of IGF-1, ZAG, nesfatin-1, and HbA1c levels are of great value for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with T2DM complicated with hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangling He
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
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7
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Icard P, Loi M, Wu Z, Ginguay A, Lincet H, Robin E, Coquerel A, Berzan D, Fournel L, Alifano M. Metabolic Strategies for Inhibiting Cancer Development. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1461-1480. [PMID: 33530098 PMCID: PMC8321873 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex mix of cancerous and noncancerous cells (especially immune cells and fibroblasts) with distinct metabolisms. These cells interact with each other and are influenced by the metabolic disorders of the host. In this review, we discuss how metabolic pathways that sustain biosynthesis in cancer cells could be targeted to increase the effectiveness of cancer therapies by limiting the nutrient uptake of the cell, inactivating metabolic enzymes (key regulatory ones or those linked to cell cycle progression), and inhibiting ATP production to induce cell death. Furthermore, we describe how the microenvironment could be targeted to activate the immune response by redirecting nutrients toward cytotoxic immune cells or inhibiting the release of waste products by cancer cells that stimulate immunosuppressive cells. We also examine metabolic disorders in the host that could be targeted to inhibit cancer development. To create future personalized therapies for targeting each cancer tumor, novel techniques must be developed, such as new tracers for positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan and immunohistochemical markers to characterize the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells and their microenvironment. Pending personalized strategies that specifically target all metabolic components of cancer development in a patient, simple metabolic interventions could be tested in clinical trials in combination with standard cancer therapies, such as short cycles of fasting or the administration of sodium citrate or weakly toxic compounds (such as curcumin, metformin, lipoic acid) that target autophagy and biosynthetic or signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Loi
- Radiotherapy Department, Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Zherui Wu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,INSERM UMR-S 1124, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Antonin Ginguay
- Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Centre, AP-HP, Paris, France,EA4466 Laboratoire de Biologie de la Nutrition, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hubert Lincet
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), France,ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Edouard Robin
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Coquerel
- INSERM U1075, Comete “Mobilités: Attention, Orientation, Chronobiologie”, Université Caen, Caen, France
| | - Diana Berzan
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Fournel
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France,INSERM UMR-S 1124, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France,INSERM U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, Paris, France
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Mancuso E, Mannino GC, Fuoco A, Leo A, Citraro R, Averta C, Spiga R, Russo E, De Sarro G, Andreozzi F, Sesti G. HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) and ApoA-1 (Apolipoprotein A-1) Potentially Modulate Pancreatic α-Cell Glucagon Secretion. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2941-2952. [PMID: 33086869 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Subjects with low levels of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) and ApoA-1 (apolipoprotein A-1) have increased risk to develop type 2 diabetes. HDL levels are an independent predictor of β-cell function and positively modulate it. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by defects in both β and α-cell function, but the effect of HDL and ApoA1 on α-cell function is unknown. Approach and Results: We observed a significant negative correlation (r=-0.422, P<0.0001) between HDL levels and fasting glucagon in a cohort of 132 Italian subjects. In a multivariable regression analysis including potential confounders such as age, sex, BMI, triglycerides, total cholesterol, fasting and 2-hour postload glucose, and fasting insulin, the association between HDL and fasting glucagon remained statistically significant (β=-0.318, P=0.006). CD1 mice treated with HDL or ApoA-1 for 3 consecutive days showed a 32% (P<0.001) and 23% (P<0.05) reduction, respectively, in glucagon levels following insulin-induced hypoglycemia, compared with controls. Treatment of pancreatic αTC1 clone 6 cells with HDL or ApoA-1 for 24 hours resulted in a significant reduction of glucagon expression (P<0.04) and secretion (P<0.01) after an hypoglycemic stimulus and increased Akt (RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase) and FoxO1 (forkhead/winged helix box gene, group O-1) phosphorylation. Pretreatment with Akt inhibitor VIII, PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor LY294002, and HDL receptor SCARB-1 (scavenger receptor class B type 1) inhibitor BLT-1 (block lipid transport-1) restored αTC1 cell response to low glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS These results support the notion that HDL and ApoA-1 modulate glucagon expression and secretion by binding their cognate receptor SCARB-1, and activating the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling cascade in an in vitro α-cell model. Overall, these results raise the hypothesis that HDL and ApoA-1 may have a role in modulating glucagon secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elettra Mancuso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (E.M., G.C.M., A.F., C.A., R.S., F.A.), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gaia Chiara Mannino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (E.M., G.C.M., A.F., C.A., R.S., F.A.), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anastasia Fuoco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (E.M., G.C.M., A.F., C.A., R.S., F.A.), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Leo
- Department of Science of Health (A.L., R.C., E.R., G.D.S.), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rita Citraro
- Department of Science of Health (A.L., R.C., E.R., G.D.S.), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Averta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (E.M., G.C.M., A.F., C.A., R.S., F.A.), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosangela Spiga
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (E.M., G.C.M., A.F., C.A., R.S., F.A.), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Department of Science of Health (A.L., R.C., E.R., G.D.S.), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Department of Science of Health (A.L., R.C., E.R., G.D.S.), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (E.M., G.C.M., A.F., C.A., R.S., F.A.), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome-Sapienza, Italy (G.S.)
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9
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Aleidi SM, Shayeb E, Bzour J, Abu-Rish EY, Hudaib M, Al Alawi S, Bustanji Y. Serum level of insulin-like growth factor-I in type 2 diabetic patients: impact of obesity. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2019; 39:hmbci-2019-0015. [PMID: 31398142 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2019-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is homologous to proinsulin and possesses glucose reducing activity. The association between the level of IGF-I and diabetes has been highlighted. However, this association is controversial due to the influence of different factors including obesity. The aim of the study was to evaluate serum level of IGF-I in type 2 diabetic patients compared to control subjects. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study involving 100 participants was conducted. Serum levels of IGF-I were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels were measured using the glucose oxidase method. Results IGF-I levels in the diabetic patients were significantly lower than in non-diabetic control subjects (105.13 ± 6.34 vs. 159.96 ± 9.62 ng/mL, p < 0.0001). Among the diabetic group, there was no significant difference in IGF-I levels between obese diabetic patients and non-obese diabetic patients, p = 0.18. Similarly, among the non-diabetic group, a non-significant difference was found in IGF-I levels between obese non-diabetic and non-obese non-diabetic subjects, p = 0.156. However, among the obese group, obese diabetic patients had significantly lower IGF-I serum levels compared to obese non-diabetic subjects (112.07 ± 7.97 vs. 147.07 ± 13.05 ng/mL, p = 0.02). Furthermore, among the non-obese group, the non-obese diabetic patients had significantly lower IGF-I serum levels compared to the non-obese non-diabetic subjects (91.66 ± 9.93 vs. 171.86 ± 13.86 ng/mL, p < 0.0001). No significant associations were observed between IGF-I level and any of the age, gender, body mass index (BMI), FPG levels, or the duration of diabetes. Conclusions Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with lower levels of IGF-I regardless to the presence or absence of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen M Aleidi
- The University of Jordan, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, 11942Amman, Jordan
| | - Eman Shayeb
- The University of Jordan, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, 11942Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Eman Y Abu-Rish
- The University of Jordan, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, 11942Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Hudaib
- Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Collage of pharmacy , 112612,Abu Dhabi, UAE.,The University of Jordan, pharmaceutical science,school of pharmacy, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sundus Al Alawi
- The University of Jordan, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, 11942Amman, Jordan
| | - Yasser Bustanji
- The University of Jordan, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, 11942Amman, Jordan.,Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, Amman, Jordan
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10
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Malone JI, Hansen BC. Does obesity cause type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)? Or is it the opposite? Pediatr Diabetes 2019; 20:5-9. [PMID: 30311716 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is believed to be a promoter of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Reports indicate that severe obesity in childhood and adolescence increases the risk of T2DM in youth and young adults. T2DM, which is commonly asymptomatic, frequently is not recognized until random blood glucose is measured. Screening blood glucose levels measured in obese individuals are more effective for identifying undiagnosed persons, than screening the general population and therefore introduces a selection bias for discovery. The following commentary will indicate why these observations do not indicate that obesity is the cause of T2DM. Also, it will be shown that the insulin resistance of T2DM occurs primarily in the muscles of lean individuals predisposed to diabetes before they become obese. This insulin resistance is not secondary to, but instead, is the cause of the excessive fat accumulation associated with T2DM. Moreover, this early muscle insulin resistance is the etiology of the hyperlipidemia and excess fat accumulation characteristic of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- John I Malone
- Department of Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Florida
| | - Barbara C Hansen
- Department of Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Florida
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Adams E, Genter P, Keefe E, Sandow K, Gray V, Rotter JI, Chen YDI, Ipp E. The GLP-1 response to glucose does not mediate beta and alpha cell dysfunction in Hispanics with abnormal glucose metabolism. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 135:185-191. [PMID: 29155153 PMCID: PMC5801173 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) contributes to insulin secretion after meals. Though Hispanics have increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus, it is unknown if impaired GLP-1 secretion contributes to this risk. We therefore studied plasma GLP-1 secretion and action in Hispanic adults. METHODS Hispanic (H; n = 31) and non-Hispanic (nH; n = 15) participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). All participants were categorized by glucose tolerance into four groups: normal glucose tolerant non-Hispanic (NGT-nH; n = 15), normal glucose tolerant Hispanic (NGT-H; n = 12), impaired glucose tolerant Hispanic (IGT-H; n = 11), or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, Hispanic (T2D-H; n = 8). RESULTS Glucose-induced increments in plasma GLP-1 (Δ-GLP-1) were not different in NGT-H and NGT-nH (p = .38), nor amongst Hispanic subgroups with varying degrees of glucose homeostasis (p = .6). In contrast, the insulinogenic index in T2D-H group was lower than the other groups (p = .016). Subjects with abnormal glucose homeostasis (AGH), i.e., T2D-H plus IGT-H, had a diminished glucagon suppression index compared to patients with normal glucose homeostasis (NGT-H plus NGT-nH) (p = .035). CONCLUSIONS GLP-1 responses to glucose were similar in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic NGT. Despite similar glucose-induced Δ-GLP-1, insulin and glucagon responses were abnormal in T2D-H and AGH, respectively. Thus, impaired GLP-1 secretion is unlikely to play a role in islet dysfunction in T2D. Although GLP-1 therapeutics enhance insulin secretion and glucagon suppression, it is likely due to pharmacological amplification of the GLP-1 pathways rather than treatment of hormonal deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Adams
- California State University, Long Beach, CA, United States; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Pauline Genter
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States.
| | - Emma Keefe
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Sandow
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Virginia Gray
- California State University, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Eli Ipp
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
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