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Kaufmann J, Haist M, Kur IM, Zimmer S, Hagemann J, Matthias C, Grabbe S, Schmidberger H, Weigert A, Mayer A. Tumor-stroma contact ratio - a novel predictive factor for tumor response to chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 46:102019. [PMID: 38833784 PMCID: PMC11190748 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The growth pattern of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) varies from compact tumor cell aggregates to diffusely infiltrating tumor cell-clusters. The influence of the growth pattern on local tumor control and survival has been studied mainly for surgically treated oral cavity carcinomas on a visual basis. In this study, we used multiplex immunofluorescence staining (mIF) to examine the antigens pan-cytokeratin, p16INK4a, Ki67, CD271, PD-L1, and CD8 in pretherapeutic biopsies from 86 OPSCC. We introduce Tumor-stroma contact ratio (TSC), a novel parameter, to quantify the relationship between tumor cells in contact with the stromal surface and the total number of epithelial tumor cells. mIF tumor cores were analyzed at the single-cell level, and tumor-stromal contact area was quantified using the R package "Spatstat". TSC was correlated with the visually assessed invasion pattern by two independent investigators. Furthermore, TSC was analyzed in relation to clinical parameters and patient survival data to evaluate its potential prognostic significance. Higher TSC correlated with poor response to (chemo-)radiotherapy (r = 0.3, p < 0.01), and shorter overall (OS) and progression-free (PFS) survival (median OS: 13 vs 136 months, p < 0.0001; median PFS: 5 vs 85 months, p < 0.0001). Visual categorization of growth pattern according to established criteria of tumor aggressiveness showed interobserver variability increasing with more nuanced categories (2 categories: k = 0.7, 95 %-CI: 0.55 - 0.85; 4 categories k = 0.48, 95 %-CI: 0.35 - 0.61). In conclusion, TSC is an objective and reproducible computer-based parameter to quantify tumor-stroma contact area. We demonstrate its relevance for the response of oropharyngeal carcinomas to primary (chemo-)radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus Kaufmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55131, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Haist
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ivan-Maximiliano Kur
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefanie Zimmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Hagemann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Christoph Matthias
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinz Schmidberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Arnulf Mayer
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55131, Germany; Division of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
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2
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Zhao H, Fan S, Sun J. Delayed Wound Healing in the Elderly and a New Therapeutic Target: CD271. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:316-323. [PMID: 37016526 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230403083603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
With the development of society, the global population is showing a trend of aging. It is well known that age is one of the factors affecting wound healing. Aging compromises the normal physiological process of wound healing, such as the change of skin structure, the decrease of growth factors, the deceleration of cell proliferation, and the weakening of migration ability, hence delaying wound healing. At present, research in adult stem cell-related technology and its derived regenerative medicine provides a novel idea for the treatment of senile wounds. Studies have confirmed that CD271 (P75 neurotropism receptor/P75NTR)-positive cells (CD271+ cells) are a kind of stem cells with a stronger ability of proliferation, differentiation, migration and secretion than CD271 negative (CD271- cells). Meanwhile, the total amount and distribution of CD271 positive cells in different ages of skin are also different, which may be related to the delayed wound healing of aging skin. Therefore, this article reviews the relationship between CD271+ cells and senile wounds and discusses a new scheme for the treatment of senile wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqing Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning Province, China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Sirui Fan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
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3
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Dorna D, Paluszczak J. Targeting cancer stem cells as a strategy for reducing chemotherapy resistance in head and neck cancers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:13417-13435. [PMID: 37453969 PMCID: PMC10587253 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy is the primary cause of a poor prognosis in oncological patients. Researchers identified many possible mechanisms involved in gaining a therapy-resistant phenotype by cancer cells, including alterations in intracellular drug accumulation, detoxification, and enhanced DNA damage repair. All these features are characteristic of stem cells, making them the major culprit of chemoresistance. This paper reviews the most recent evidence regarding the association between the stemness phenotype and chemoresistance in head and neck cancers. It also investigates the impact of pharmacologically targeting cancer stem cell populations in this subset of malignancies. METHODS This narrative review was prepared based on the search of the PubMed database for relevant papers. RESULTS Head and neck cancer cells belonging to the stem cell population are distinguished by the high expression of certain surface proteins (e.g., CD10, CD44, CD133), pluripotency-related transcription factors (SOX2, OCT4, NANOG), and increased activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Chemotherapy itself increases the percentage of stem-like cells. Importantly, the intratumor heterogeneity of stem cell subpopulations reflects cell plasticity which has great importance for chemoresistance induction. CONCLUSIONS Evidence points to the advantage of combining classical chemotherapeutics with stemness modulators thanks to the joint targeting of the bulk of proliferating tumor cells and chemoresistant cancer stem cells, which could cause recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Dorna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Ul. Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jarosław Paluszczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Ul. Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
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4
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Schäfer M, Schneider M, Müller T, Franz N, Braspenning-Wesch I, Stephan S, Schmidt G, Krijgsveld J, Helm D, Rösl F, Hasche D. Spatial tissue proteomics reveals distinct landscapes of heterogeneity in cutaneous papillomavirus-induced keratinocyte carcinomas. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28850. [PMID: 37322807 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Infection with certain cutaneous human papillomaviruses (HPV), in conjunction with chronic ultraviolet (UV) exposure, are the major cofactors of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), the most frequent cancer type worldwide. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) as well as tumors in general represent three-dimensional entities determined by both temporal and spatial constraints. Whole tissue proteomics is a straightforward approach to understand tumorigenesis in better detail, but studies focusing on different progression states toward a dedifferentiated SCC phenotype on a spatial level are rare. Here, we applied an innovative proteomic workflow on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) epithelial tumors derived from the preclinical animal model Mastomys coucha. This rodent is naturally infected with its genuine cutaneous papillomavirus and closely mimics skin carcinogenesis in the context of cutaneous HPV infections in humans. We deciphered cellular networks by comparing diverse epithelial tissues with respect to their differentiation level and infection status. Our study reveals novel regulatory proteins and pathways associated with virus-induced tumor initiation and progression of SCCs. This approach provides the basis to better comprehend the multistep process of skin carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Schäfer
- Division of Viral Transformation Mechanisms, Research Program "Infection, Inflammation and Cancer", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Torsten Müller
- Division Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, Research Program "Functional and Structural Genomics", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natascha Franz
- Division of Viral Transformation Mechanisms, Research Program "Infection, Inflammation and Cancer", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilona Braspenning-Wesch
- Division of Viral Transformation Mechanisms, Research Program "Infection, Inflammation and Cancer", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonja Stephan
- Division of Viral Transformation Mechanisms, Research Program "Infection, Inflammation and Cancer", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schmidt
- Core Facility Unit Light Microscopy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- Division Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, Research Program "Functional and Structural Genomics", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominic Helm
- Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rösl
- Division of Viral Transformation Mechanisms, Research Program "Infection, Inflammation and Cancer", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Hasche
- Division of Viral Transformation Mechanisms, Research Program "Infection, Inflammation and Cancer", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Identity matters: cancer stem cells and tumour plasticity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Expert Rev Mol Med 2023; 25:e8. [PMID: 36740973 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2023.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents frequent yet aggressive tumours that encompass complex ecosystems of stromal and neoplastic components including a dynamic population of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Recently, research in the field of CSCs has gained increased momentum owing in part to their role in tumourigenicity, metastasis, therapy resistance and relapse. We provide herein a comprehensive assessment of the latest progress in comprehending CSC plasticity, including newly discovered influencing factors and their possible application in HNSCC. We further discuss the dynamic interplay of CSCs within tumour microenvironment considering our evolving appreciation of the contribution of oral microbiota and the pressing need for relevant models depicting their features. In sum, CSCs and tumour plasticity represent an exciting and expanding battleground with great implications for cancer therapy that are only beginning to be appreciated in head and neck oncology.
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6
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Deborde S, Wong RJ. The Role of Schwann Cells in Cancer. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200089. [PMID: 35666078 PMCID: PMC9474572 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) are the most abundant cell type in the nerves in the peripheral nervous system and compose a family of subtypes that are endowed with a variety of different functions. SCs facilitate the transmission of neural impulses, provide nutrients and protection for neurons, guide axons in nerve repair, and regulate immune functions. In the context of cancer, recent studies have revealed an active role of SCs in promoting cancer cell invasion, modulating immune responses, and transmitting pain sensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Deborde
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Richard J Wong
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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7
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Kono M, Saito S, Egloff AM, Allen CT, Uppaluri R. The mouse oral carcinoma (MOC) model: A 10-year retrospective on model development and head and neck cancer investigations. Oral Oncol 2022; 132:106012. [PMID: 35820346 PMCID: PMC9364442 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical models of cancer have long been paramount to understanding tumor development and advancing the treatment of cancer. Creating preclinical models that mimic the complexity and heterogeneity of human tumors is a key challenge in the advancement of cancer therapy. About ten years ago, we created the mouse oral carcinoma (MOC) cell line models that were derived from 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA)-induced mouse oral squamous cell cancers. This model has been used in numerous investigations, including studies on tumor biology and therapeutics. We have seen remarkable progress in cancer immunology in recent years, and these cell lines, which are syngeneic to C57BL/6 background, have also been used to study the anti-tumor immune response. Herein, we aim to review the MOC model from its development and characterization to its use in non-immunological and immunological preclinical head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) studies. Integrating and refining these MOC model studies and extending findings to other systems will provide crucial insights for translational approaches aimed at improving head and neck cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihisa Kono
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
| | - Shin Saito
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ann Marie Egloff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States.
| | - Clint T Allen
- Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institutes on Deafness and Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Ravindra Uppaluri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States.
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8
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Dhanyamraju PK, Schell TD, Amin S, Robertson GP. Drug-Tolerant Persister Cells in Cancer Therapy Resistance. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2503-2514. [PMID: 35584245 PMCID: PMC9296591 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-3844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
One of the current stumbling blocks in our fight against cancer is the development of acquired resistance to therapy, which is attributable to approximately 90% of cancer-related deaths. Undercutting this process during treatment could significantly improve cancer management. In many cases, drug resistance is mediated by a drug-tolerant persister (DTP) cell subpopulation present in tumors, often referred to as persister cells. This review provides a summary of currently known persister cell subpopulations and approaches to target them. A specific DTP cell subpopulation with elevated levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity has stem cell-like characteristics and a high level of plasticity, enabling them to switch rapidly between high and low ALDH activity. Further studies are required to fully elucidate the functions of ALDH-high DTP cells, how they withstand drug concentrations that kill other cells, and how they rapidly adapt under levels of high cellular stress and eventually lead to more aggressive, recurrent, and drug-resistant cancer. Furthermore, this review addresses the processes used by the ALDH-high persister cell subpopulation to enable cancer progression, the ALDH isoforms important in these processes, interactions of ALDH-high DTPs with the tumor microenvironment, and approaches to therapeutically modulate this subpopulation in order to more effectively manage cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Dhanyamraju
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Todd D Schell
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
- Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
- Department of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
- Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
- The Penn State Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
- Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
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9
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Triaca V, Fico E, Rosso P, Ralli M, Corsi A, Severini C, Crevenna A, Agostinelli E, Rullo E, Riminucci M, Colizza A, Polimeni A, Greco A, Tirassa P. Pilot Investigation on p75ICD Expression in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112622. [PMID: 35681602 PMCID: PMC9179539 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor (p75NTR) expression and cleavage product p75NTR Intracellular Domain (p75ICD) as potential oncogenic and metastatic markers in human Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LSCC). p75NTR is highly expressed in Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) of the laryngeal epithelia and it has been proposed as a marker for stemness, cell migration, and chemo-resistance in different squamous carcinomas. To investigate the clinical significance of p75NTR cleavage products in solid tumors, full-length and cleaved p75NTR expression was analyzed in laryngeal primary tumors from different-stage LSCC patients, diagnosed at the Policlinico Umberto I Hospital. Molecular and histological techniques were used to detect the expressions of p75NTR and p75ICD, and ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member 2 (ABCG2), a CSC marker. We found regulated p75NTR cleavage during squamous epithelial tumor progression and tissue invasion. Our preliminary investigation suggests p75ICD expression and localization as possible features of tumorigenesis and metastaticity. Its co-localization with ABCG2 in squamous cells in the parenchyma invaded by the tumor formation allows us to hypothesize p75NTR and p75ICD roles in tumor invasion and CSC spreading in LSCC patients. These data might represent a starting point for a comprehensive analysis of p75NTR cleavage and of its clinical relevance as a potential molecular LSCC signature, possibly helping diagnosis, and improving prognosis and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Triaca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), International Campus A. Buzzati-Traverso, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (P.T.)
| | - Elena Fico
- Department of Sense Organs, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.F.); (P.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Pamela Rosso
- Department of Sense Organs, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.F.); (P.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of Sense Organs, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (E.A.); (A.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Alessandro Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (E.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Cinzia Severini
- Department of Sense Organs, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.F.); (P.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Alvaro Crevenna
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, EMBL Rome, International Campus A. Buzzati-Traverso, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy;
| | - Enzo Agostinelli
- Department of Sense Organs, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (E.A.); (A.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Emma Rullo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (E.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (E.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Andrea Colizza
- Department of Sense Organs, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (E.A.); (A.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonella Polimeni
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (E.A.); (A.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Paola Tirassa
- Department of Sense Organs, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.F.); (P.R.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (P.T.)
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10
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Pandrangi SL, Chittineedi P, Chalumuri SS, Meena AS, Neira Mosquera JA, Sánchez Llaguno SN, Pamuru RR, Mohiddin GJ, Mohammad A. Role of Intracellular Iron in Switching Apoptosis to Ferroptosis to Target Therapy-Resistant Cancer Stem Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:3011. [PMID: 35566360 PMCID: PMC9100132 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27093011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is a crucial element required for the proper functioning of the body. For instance, hemoglobin is the vital component in the blood that delivers oxygen to various parts of the body. The heme protein present in hemoglobin comprises iron in the form of a ferrous state which regulates oxygen delivery. Excess iron in the body is stored as ferritin and would be utilized under iron-deficient conditions. Surprisingly, cancer cells as well as cancer stem cells have elevated ferritin levels suggesting that iron plays a vital role in protecting these cells. However, apart from the cytoprotective role iron also has the potential to induce cell death via ferroptosis which is a non-apoptotic cell death dependent on iron reserves. Apoptosis a caspase-dependent cell death mechanism is effective on cancer cells however little is known about its impact on cancer stem cell death. This paper focuses on the molecular characteristics of apoptosis and ferroptosis and the importance of switching to ferroptosis to target cancer stem cells death thereby preventing cancer relapse. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to demonstrate the importance of intracellular iron in regulating the switching of tumor cells and therapy resistant CSCs from apoptosis to ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhi Latha Pandrangi
- Onco-Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam 530045, India; (P.C.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Prasanthi Chittineedi
- Onco-Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam 530045, India; (P.C.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Sphoorthi Shree Chalumuri
- Onco-Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam 530045, India; (P.C.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Avtar Singh Meena
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad 500007, India;
| | - Juan Alejandro Neira Mosquera
- Department of Life Sciences and Agriculture, Armed Forces University-ESPE, Santo Domingo 230101, Ecuador; (J.A.N.M.); (S.N.S.L.)
- Faculty of Industry and Production Sciences, Quevedo State Technical University, km 11/2 via Santo Domingo, Quevedo 120301, Ecuador
| | - Sungey Naynee Sánchez Llaguno
- Department of Life Sciences and Agriculture, Armed Forces University-ESPE, Santo Domingo 230101, Ecuador; (J.A.N.M.); (S.N.S.L.)
| | | | - Gooty Jaffer Mohiddin
- Department of Life Sciences and Agriculture, Armed Forces University-ESPE, Santo Domingo 230101, Ecuador; (J.A.N.M.); (S.N.S.L.)
| | - Arifullah Mohammad
- Department of Agriculture Science, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Malaysia
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11
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Strohmayer C, Klang A, Kummer S, Walter I, Jindra C, Weissenbacher-Lang C, Redmer T, Kneissl S, Brandt S. Tumor Cell Plasticity in Equine Papillomavirus-Positive Versus-Negative Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020266. [PMID: 35215208 PMCID: PMC8875230 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) is a common malignant tumor in humans and animals. In humans, papillomavirus (PV)-induced HNSCCs have a better prognosis than papillomavirus-unrelated HNSCCs. The ability of tumor cells to switch from epithelial to mesenchymal, endothelial, or therapy-resistant stem-cell-like phenotypes promotes disease progression and metastasis. In equine HNSCC, PV-association and tumor cell phenotype switching are poorly understood. We screened 49 equine HNSCCs for equine PV (EcPV) type 2, 3 and 5 infection. Subsequently, PV-positive versus -negative lesions were analyzed for expression of selected epithelial (keratins, β-catenin), mesenchymal (vimentin), endothelial (COX-2), and stem-cell markers (CD271, CD44) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF; keratins/vimentin, CD44/CD271 double-staining) to address tumor cell plasticity in relation to PV infection. Only EcPV2 PCR scored positive for 11/49 equine HNSCCs. IHC and IF from 11 EcPV2-positive and 11 EcPV2-negative tumors revealed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition events, with vimentin-positive cells ranging between <10 and >50%. CD44- and CD271-staining disclosed the intralesional presence of infiltrative tumor cell fronts and double-positive tumor cell subsets independently of the PV infection status. Our findings are indicative of (partial) epithelial–mesenchymal transition events giving rise to hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal and stem-cell-like tumor cell phenotypes in equine HNSCCs and suggest CD44 and CD271 as potential malignancy markers that merit to be further explored in the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Strohmayer
- Clinical Unit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (C.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Andrea Klang
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.K.); (C.W.-L.)
| | - Stefan Kummer
- VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (S.K.); (I.W.)
| | - Ingrid Walter
- VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (S.K.); (I.W.)
- Institute of Morphology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Jindra
- Research Group Oncology (RGO), Clinical Unit of Equine Surgery, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Christiane Weissenbacher-Lang
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.K.); (C.W.-L.)
| | - Torben Redmer
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Sibylle Kneissl
- Clinical Unit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (C.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Sabine Brandt
- Research Group Oncology (RGO), Clinical Unit of Equine Surgery, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-12-5077-5308
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12
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Joshi J, Patel H, Bhavnagari H, Tarapara B, Pandit A, Shah F. Eliminating Cancer Stem-Like Cells in Oral Cancer by Targeting Elementary Signaling Pathways. Crit Rev Oncog 2022; 27:65-82. [PMID: 37199303 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2022047207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a heterogeneous, aggressive, and complex entity. Current major treatment options for the disease are surgery, chemo, and/or radiotherapy either alone or in combination with each other. Each treatment method has its own limitations such as a significant journey with deformities and a protracted rehabilitation process leading to loss of self-esteem, loss of tolerance, and therapeutic side effects. Conventional therapies are frequently experienced with regimen resistance and recurrence attributed to the cancer stem cells (CSCs). Given that CSCs exert their tumorigenesis by affecting several cellular and molecular targets and pathways an improved understanding of CSCs' actions is required. Hence, more research is recommended to fully understand the fundamental mechanisms driving CSC-mediated treatment resistance. Despite the difficulties and disagreements surrounding the removal of CSCs from solid tumors, a great amount of knowledge has been derived from the characterization of CSCs. Various efforts have been made to identify the CSCs using several cell surface markers. In the current review, we will discuss numerous cell surface markers such as CD44, ALDH1, EPCAM, CD24, CD133, CD271, CD90, and Cripto-1 for identifying and isolating CSCs from primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Further, a spectrum of embryonic signaling pathways has been thought to be the main culprit of CSCs' active state in cancers, resulting in conventional therapeutic resistance. Hence, we discuss the functional and molecular bases of several signaling pathways such as the Wnt/beta;-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, and Hippo pathways and their associations with disease aggressiveness. Moreover, numerous inhibitors targeting the above mentioned signaling pathways have already been identified and some of them are already undergoing clinical trials. Hence, the present review encapsulates the characterization and effectiveness of the prospective potential targeted therapies for eradicating CSCs in oral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigna Joshi
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-III, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Hitarth Patel
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-III, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Hunayna Bhavnagari
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-III, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhoomi Tarapara
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-III, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Apexa Pandit
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-III, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Franky Shah
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-III, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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13
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Keyvani-Ghamsari S, Khorsandi K, Rasul A, Zaman MK. Current understanding of epigenetics mechanism as a novel target in reducing cancer stem cells resistance. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:120. [PMID: 34051847 PMCID: PMC8164819 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, after extensive studies in the field of cancer, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been proposed as a major factor in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and recurrence. CSCs are a subpopulation of bulk tumors, with stem cell-like properties and tumorigenic capabilities, having the abilities of self-renewal and differentiation, thereby being able to generate heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells and lead to resistance toward anti-tumor treatments. Highly resistant to conventional chemo- and radiotherapy, CSCs have heterogeneity and can migrate to different organs and metastasize. Recent studies have demonstrated that the population of CSCs and the progression of cancer are increased by the deregulation of different epigenetic pathways having effects on gene expression patterns and key pathways connected with cell proliferation and survival. Further, epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA methylations) have been revealed to be key drivers in the formation and maintenance of CSCs. Hence, identifying CSCs and targeting epigenetic pathways therein can offer new insights into the treatment of cancer. In the present review, recent studies are addressed in terms of the characteristics of CSCs, the resistance thereof, and the factors influencing the development thereof, with an emphasis on different types of epigenetic changes in genes and main signaling pathways involved therein. Finally, targeted therapy for CSCs by epigenetic drugs is referred to, which is a new approach in overcoming resistance and recurrence of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khatereh Khorsandi
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khatir Zaman
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
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14
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Sober SA, Darmani H, Alhattab D, Awidi A. Flow cytometric characterization of cell surface markers to differentiate between fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells of different origin. Arch Med Sci 2021; 19:1487-1496. [PMID: 37732070 PMCID: PMC10507789 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/131088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Identification and purification of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) expanded in culture for therapeutic use is crucial for improved yield and optimal results. Fibroblasts are the most common cell type in connective tissue and are commonly found as contaminants of MSC cultures, affecting cell yield and potentially causing tumour formation after cell transplantation. In the current study, we wished to identify cell surface markers that can differentiate MSCs of different origins from fibroblasts. Material and methods Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from bone marrow, adipose tissue, Wharton's jelly, and placental tissue, and fibroblasts were isolated from foreskin (as a negative control) in order to examine the differences in the expression of a panel of 14 different cell surface markers using multiplex flow cytometry. Results Our results indicate that the following markers could be useful in differentiating between fibroblasts and MSCs derived from the following: adipose tissue - CD79a, CD105, CD106, CD146, and CD271; Wharton's jelly - CD14, CD56, and CD105; bone marrow - CD105, CD106, and CD146; and placental tissue - CD14, CD105, and CD146. Furthermore, we found that, contradictory to previous studies, CD26 is not fibroblast specific. Conclusions The results of our study indicate that cell surface markers may prove to be a useful tool in the discrimination between MSCs of different origins and fibroblasts, and thus may be used to authenticate the identity of the isolated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Homa Darmani
- Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Dana Alhattab
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Wang W, Li L, Chen N, Niu C, Li Z, Hu J, Cui J. Nerves in the Tumor Microenvironment: Origin and Effects. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:601738. [PMID: 33392191 PMCID: PMC7773823 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.601738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have reported the vital role of nerves in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Nerves infiltrate the tumor microenvironment thereby enhancing cancer growth and metastasis. Perineural invasion, a process by which cancer cells invade the surrounding nerves, provides an alternative route for metastasis and generation of tumor-related pain. Moreover, central and sympathetic nervous system dysfunctions and psychological stress-induced hormone network disorders may influence the malignant progression of cancer through multiple mechanisms. This reciprocal interaction between nerves and cancer cells provides novel insights into the cellular and molecular bases of tumorigenesis. In addition, they point to the potential utility of anti-neurogenic therapies. This review describes the evolving cross-talk between nerves and cancer cells, thus uncovers potential therapeutic targets for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Naifei Chen
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Niu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jifan Hu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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16
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Warrier S, Patil M, Bhansali S, Varier L, Sethi G. Designing precision medicine panels for drug refractory cancers targeting cancer stemness traits. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188475. [PMID: 33188876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one amongst the major causes of death today and cancer biology is one of the most well researched fields in medicine. The driving force behind cancer is considered to be a minor subpopulation of cells, the cancer stem cells (CSCs). Similar to other stem cells, these cells are self-renewing and proliferating but CSCs are also difficult to target by chemo- or radio-therapies. Cancer stem cells are known to be present in most of the cancer subgroups such as carcinoma, sarcoma, myeloma, leukemia, lymphomas and mixed cancer types. There is a wide gamut of factors attributed to the stemness of cancers, ranging from dysregulated signaling pathways, and activation of enzymes aiding immune evasion, to conducive tumor microenvironment, to name a few. The defining outcome of the increased presence of CSCs is tumor metastasis and relapse. Predictive medicine approach based on the plethora of CSC markers would be a move towards precision medicine to specifically identify CSC-rich tumors. In this review, we discuss the cancer subtypes and the role of different CSC specific markers in these varying subtypes. We also categorize the CSC markers based their defining trait contributing to stemness. This review thus provides a comprehensive approach to catalogue a predictive set of markers to identify the resistant and refractory cancer stem cell population within different tumor subtypes, so as to facilitate better prognosis and targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India; Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India.
| | - Manasi Patil
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India
| | - Sanyukta Bhansali
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India
| | | | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117 600, Singapore
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17
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Elkashty OA, Abu Elghanam G, Su X, Liu Y, Chauvin PJ, Tran SD. Cancer stem cells enrichment with surface markers CD271 and CD44 in human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:458-466. [PMID: 31742606 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a poor 5-year survival rate of 50%. One potential reason for treatment failure is the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Several cell markers, particularly CD44, have been used to isolate CSCs. However, isolating a pure population of CSC in HNSCC still remains a challenging task. Recent findings show that normal oral stem cells were isolated using CD271 as a marker. Thus, we investigated the combined use of CD271 and CD44 to isolate an enriched subpopulation of CSCs, followed by their characterization in vitro, in vivo, and in patients' tissue samples. Fluorescent-activated cell sorting was used to isolate CD44+/CD271+ and CD44+/CD271- from two human HNSCC cell lines. Cell growth and self-renewal were measured with MTT and sphere/colony formation assays. Treatment-resistance was tested against chemotherapy (cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil) and ionizing radiation. Self-renewal, resistance, and stemness-related genes expression were measured with qRT-PCR. In vivo tumorigenicity was tested with an orthotopic immunodeficient mouse model of oral cancer. Finally, we examined the co-localization of CD44+/CD271+ in patients' tissue samples. We found that CD271+ cells were a subpopulation of CD44+ cells in human HNSCC cell lines and tissues. CD44+/CD271+ cells exhibited higher cell proliferation, sphere/colony formation, chemo- and radio-resistance, upregulation of CSCs-related genes, and in vivo tumorigenicity when compared to CD44+/CD271- or the parental cell line. These cell markers showed increased expression in patients with the increase of the tumor stage. In conclusion, using both CD44 and CD271 allowed the isolation of CSCs from HNSCC. These enriched CSCs will be more relevant in future treatment and HNSCC progression studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Elkashty
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Canada.,Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ghada Abu Elghanam
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Canada
| | - Xinyun Su
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Canada.,College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Younan Liu
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Canada
| | - Peter J Chauvin
- Division of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon D Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Canada
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18
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Guan S, Wei J, Huang L, Wu L. Chemotherapy and chemo-resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112758. [PMID: 32858472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and occurs frequently in the south of China and Southeast Asian countries. Concurrent chemo-radiotherapy is one of the main treatments for NPC. Although, the combined treatment of chemo-radiotherapy produces a satisfying survival rate, the chemo-resistance arises as a big obstacle in curing recurrent NPC patients. The acquirement of chemo-resistance is usually along with a poor prognosis. So far, the mechanism of chemo-resistance in NPC has not been fully elucidated and there have not been a comprehensive review on this issue. Thus, it is of great significance to summarize the mechanisms involved in NPC chemo-resistance. In this review, the importance and limitations of chemotherapy and the mechanisms of chemo-resistances in NPC were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Guan
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jinrui Wei
- Guangxi Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Lingkun Huang
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Lichuan Wu
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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19
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Jariyal H, Gupta C, Bhat VS, Wagh JR, Srivastava A. Advancements in Cancer Stem Cell Isolation and Characterization. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 15:755-773. [PMID: 31863337 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of stem cells (CSCs) in cancer is well established in last two decades. These rare cells share several properties including presence of common surface markers, stem cell markers, chemo- and radio- resistance and are highly metastatic in nature; thus, considered as valuable prognostic and therapeutic targets in cancer. However, the studies related to CSCs pave number of issues due to rare cell population and difficulties in their isolation ascribed to common stem cell marker. Various techniques including flow cytometry, laser micro-dissection, fluorescent nanodiamonds and microfluidics are used for the isolation of these rare cells. In this review, we have included the advance strategies adopted for the isolation of CSCs using above mentioned techniques. Furthermore, CSCs are primarily found in the core of the solid tumors and their microenvironment plays an important role in maintenance, self-renewal, division and tumor development. Therefore, in vivo tracking and model development become obligatory for functional studies of CSCs. Fluorescence and bioluminescence tagging has been widely used for transplantation assay and lineage tracking experiments to improve our understanding towards CSCs behaviour in their niche. Techniques such as Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Positron emission tomography (PET) have proved useful for tracking of endogenous CSCs which could be helpful in their identification in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Jariyal
- Department of Biotechnology, National institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research -Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Chanchal Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, National institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research -Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Vedika Sandeep Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, National institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research -Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Jayant Ramakant Wagh
- Department of Biotechnology, National institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research -Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Akshay Srivastava
- Department of Medical Device, National institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research -Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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20
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Ravindran Menon D, Hammerlindl H, Torrano J, Schaider H, Fujita M. Epigenetics and metabolism at the crossroads of stress-induced plasticity, stemness and therapeutic resistance in cancer. Theranostics 2020; 10:6261-6277. [PMID: 32483452 PMCID: PMC7255038 DOI: 10.7150/thno.42523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in the treatment of cancers, acquired drug resistance remains a major challenge in cancer management. While earlier studies suggest Darwinian factors driving acquired drug resistance, recent studies point to a more dynamic process involving phenotypic plasticity and tumor heterogeneity in the evolution of acquired drug resistance. Chronic stress after drug treatment induces intrinsic cellular reprogramming and cancer stemness through a slow-cycling persister state, which subsequently drives cancer progression. Both epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms play an important role in this dynamic process. In this review, we discuss how epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming leads to stress-induced phenotypic plasticity and acquired drug resistance, and how the two reprogramming mechanisms crosstalk with each other.
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21
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Moritz J, Metelmann HR, Bekeschus S. Physical Plasma Treatment of Eight Human Cancer Cell Lines Demarcates Upregulation of CD112 as a Common Immunomodulatory Response Element. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2019.2936790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Cancer stem cells and oral cancer: insights into molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:113. [PMID: 32280305 PMCID: PMC7137421 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified as a little population of cancer cells, which have features as the same as the cells normal stem cells. There is enough knowledge of the CSCs responsibility for metastasis, medicine resistance, and cancer outbreak. Therefore, CSCs control possibly provides an efficient treatment intervention inhibiting tumor growth and invasion. In spite of the significance of targeting CSCs in treating cancer, few study comprehensively explored the nature of oral CSCs. It has been showed that oral CSCs are able to contribute to oral cancer progression though activation/inhibition a sequences of cellular and molecular pathways (microRNA network, histone modifications and calcium regulation). Hence, more understanding about the properties of oral cancers and their behaviors will help us to develop new therapeutic platforms. Head and neck CSCs remain a viable and intriguing option for targeted therapy. Multiple investigations suggested the major contribution of the CSCs to the metastasis, tumorigenesis, and resistance to the new therapeutic regimes. Therefore, experts in the field are examining the encouraging targeted therapeutic choices. In spite of the advancements, there are not enough information in this area and thus a magic bullet for targeting and eliminating the CSCs deviated us. Hence, additional investigations on the combined therapies against the head and neck CSCs could offer considerable achievements. The present research is a review of the recent information on oral CSCs, and focused on current advancements in new signaling pathways contributed to their stemness regulation. Moreover, we highlighted various therapeutic approaches against oral CSCs.
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23
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Gao W, Xu S, Zhang M, Liu S, Siu SPK, Peng H, Ng JCW, Tsao GSW, Chan AWH, Chow VLY, Chan JYW, Wong TS. NADPH oxidase 5α promotes the formation of CD271 tumor-initiating cells in oral cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:1710-1727. [PMID: 32642285 PMCID: PMC7339284 DOI: pmid/32642285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) has a distinctive cell sub-population known as tumor-initiating cells (TICs). CD271 is a functional TIC receptor in head and neck cancers. The molecular mechanisms governing CD271 up-regulation remains unclear. Oxidative stress is a contributing factor in TIC development. Here, we explored the potential role of NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) and its regulatory mechanism on the development of CD271-expressing OTSCC. Our results showed that the splice variant NOX5α is the most prevalent form expressed in head and neck cancers. NOX5α enhanced OTSCC proliferation, migration, and invasion. Overexpression of NOX5α increased the size of OTSCC xenograft significantly in vivo. The tumor-promoting functions of NOX5α were mediated through the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating property. NOX5α activated ERK singling and increased CD271 expression at the transcription level. Also, NOX5α reduces the sensitivity of OTSCC to cisplatin and natural killer cells. The findings indicate that NOX5α plays an important part in the development of TIC in OTSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shaowei Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College7 Raoping Road, Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Minjuan Zhang
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sharie Pui-Kei Siu
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hanwei Peng
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College7 Raoping Road, Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Judy Chun-Wai Ng
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - George Sai-Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anthony Wing-Hung Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, China
| | - Velda Ling-Yu Chow
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jimmy Yu-Wai Chan
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thian-Sze Wong
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Cancer Stem Cells and Oral Carcinogenesis; a Review Article. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.96139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Morita S, Mochizuki M, Wada K, Shibuya R, Nakamura M, Yamaguchi K, Yamazaki T, Imai T, Asada Y, Matsuura K, Sugamura K, Katori Y, Satoh K, Tamai K. Humanized anti-CD271 monoclonal antibody exerts an anti-tumor effect by depleting cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett 2019; 461:144-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Mendoza-Almanza G, Ortíz-Sánchez E, Rocha-Zavaleta L, Rivas-Santiago C, Esparza-Ibarra E, Olmos J. Cervical cancer stem cells and other leading factors associated with cervical cancer development. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3423-3432. [PMID: 31516560 PMCID: PMC6733009 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortalities in women from developing countries. Similar to other types of cancer, CC is considered to be a multifactorial disease, involving socioeconomic, cultural, immunological and epigenetic factors, as well as persistent human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. It has been well established that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in defining tumor size, the speed of development and the level of regression following treatment; therefore, CSCs are associated with a poor prognosis. CSCs have been detected in many types of cancer, including leukemia, pancreatic, colon, esophagus, liver, prostate, breast, gastric and lung cancer. In cervical cancer, CSCs have been associated with resistance to normally used drugs such as cisplatin. The present review summarizes the strategies that high-risk HPV viruses (HPV-16 and HPV-18) have developed to transform normal epithelial cells into cancer cells, as well as the cellular pathways and studies associated with the identification of cervical cancer stem cell biomarkers. In this sense, the present review provides state of the art information regarding CC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretel Mendoza-Almanza
- National Council for Science and Technology, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98060, Mexico
| | | | - Leticia Rocha-Zavaleta
- Institute of Biomedical Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - César Rivas-Santiago
- National Council for Science and Technology, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98060, Mexico
| | - Edgar Esparza-Ibarra
- Academic Unit of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98060, Mexico
| | - Jorge Olmos
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education, Ensenada 22860, Mexico
- Correspondence to: Dr Jorge Olmos, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education, 3918 Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, Ensenada 22860, Mexico, E-mail:
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Relevance of Neurotrophin Receptors CD271 and TrkC for Prognosis, Migration, and Proliferation in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101167. [PMID: 31569361 PMCID: PMC6830344 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and often has a poor prognosis. The present study investigated the role of the low affinity nerve growth factor receptor CD271 as a putative therapy target in HNSCC. Neurotrophins that bind to CD271 also have a high affinity for the tropomyosin receptor kinase family (Trk), consisting of TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC, which must also be considered in addition to CD271. A retrospective study and functional in vitro cell line tests (migration assay and cell sorting) were conducted in order to evaluate the relevance of CD271 expression alone and with regard to Trk expression. CD271 and Trks were heterogeneously expressed in human HNSCC. The vast majority of tumors exhibited CD271 and TrkA, whereas only half of the tumors expressed TrkB and TrkC. High expression of CD271-positive cells predicted a bad clinical outcome of patients with HNSCC and was associated with distant metastases. However, the human carcinomas that also expressed TrkC had a reduced correlation with distant metastases and better survival rates. In vitro, CD271 expression marked a subpopulation with higher proliferation rates, but proliferation was lower in tumor cells that co-expressed CD271 and TrkC. The CD271 inhibitor LM11A 31 suppressed cell motility in vitro. However, neither TrkA nor TrkB expression were linked to prognosis or cell proliferation. We conclude that CD271 is a promising candidate that provides prognostic information for HNSCC and could be a putative target for HNSCC treatment.
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CD271 is a negative prognostic factor and essential for cell proliferation in lung squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1349-1362. [PMID: 31019292 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma is a major type of cancer in the lung. While several therapeutic target molecules for lung adenocarcinoma have been identified, little is known about lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). We recently reported that CD271 (p75 neurotrophin receptor) serves as a marker for tumor initiation and is a key regulator of cell proliferation in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. In this study, we found that CD271 was also expressed in squamous cell carcinoma, but not in adenocarcinoma, of several tissues, including the lung, and the expression of CD271 was associated with a poor prognosis in LSCC. To examine CD271's role in LSCC, we established xenograft cell lines from LSCC patients. Within the sorted live LSCC cell population, the CD271high cells were primarily cycling through the G2/M phase, while the CD271low cells were mostly in the G0 phase. CD271 knockdown in the LSCC cells completely suppressed their proliferation and tumor-formation capability, and increased their cell-cycle arrest in the G0 phase. In the CD271-knockdown cells, ERK-phosphorylation was decreased, while no change was observed in the IκBα-phosphorylation, p65-phosphorylation, or Akt-phosphorylation. Treatment with the MEK inhibitor U0126 decreased the LSCC cells' proliferation capability. Microarray analysis revealed that CD271 knockdown attenuated the RAS-related pathways. The knockdown of TrkB, which forms a heterodimer with CD271 and accelerates its downstream signaling, partially inhibited the LSCC cell proliferation. These results indicated that LSCC exclusively depends on CD271 for cell proliferation, in part through ERK-signaling activation, and CD271 is a promising target for LSCC therapy.
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Palazzo E, Marconi A, Pincelli C, Morasso MI. Do DLX3 and CD271 Protect Human Keratinocytes from Squamous Tumor Development? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143541. [PMID: 31331058 PMCID: PMC6678400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-regulated epidermal homeostasis depends on the function of different classes of factors, such as transcription regulators and receptors. Alterations in this homeostatic balance may lead to the development of cutaneous squamous tumorigenesis. The homeobox transcription factor DLX3 is determinant for a p53-dependent regulation of epidermal differentiation and modulates skin carcinogenesis. The maintenance of skin homeostasis also involves the action of neurotrophins (NTs) and their receptors, Trk and CD271. While Trk receptor overexpression is a hallmark of cancer, there are conflicting data on CD271 expression and function in cutaneous SCC (cSCC). Previous studies have reported NT receptors expression in head and neck SSC (HNSCC). We show that CD271 is expressed at low levels in primary cSCC cells and the number of CD271+ cells correlates with cell cohesion in SCC spheroids. In normal epidermis, CD271 is expressed in proliferative progenitor cells and DLX3 in terminally differentiated keratinocytes. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin 3 (NT3) increase DLX3 expression. In the absence of a functional BDNF receptor TrkB in keratinocytes, we hypothesize that the BDNF-dependent DLX3 response could be mediated via CD271. Altogether, our results support a putative CD271-DLX3 connection in keratinocytes, which might be crucial to preventing squamous skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Palazzo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Marconi
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Pincelli
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria I Morasso
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Elkashty OA, Ashry R, Tran SD. Head and neck cancer management and cancer stem cells implication. Saudi Dent J 2019; 31:395-416. [PMID: 31700218 PMCID: PMC6823822 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) arise in the mucosal linings of the upper aerodigestive tract and are heterogeneous in nature. Risk factors for HNSCCs are smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and the human papilloma virus. Conventional treatments are surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combined modality; however, no international standard mode of therapy exists. In contrast to the conventional model of clonal evolution in tumor development, there is a newly proposed theory based on the activity of cancer stem cells (CSCs) as the model for carcinogenesis. This “CSC hypothesis” may explain the high mortality rate, low response to treatments, and tendency to develop multiple tumors for HNSCC patients. We review current knowledge on HNSCC etiology and treatment, with a focus on CSCs, including their origins, identifications, and effects on therapeutic options.
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Key Words
- ABC, ATP-binding cassette transporters
- ATC, amplifying transitory cell
- Antineoplastic agents
- BMI-1, B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1
- Cancer stem cells
- Cancer treatment
- Carcinoma
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- HIFs, hypoxia-inducible factors
- Head and neck cancer
- MDR1, Multidrug Resistance Protein 1
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase
- Squamous cell
- TKIs, tyrosine kinase inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Elkashty
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ramy Ashry
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Simon D Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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CD271 is a molecular switch with divergent roles in melanoma and melanocyte development. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7696. [PMID: 31118427 PMCID: PMC6531451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42773-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of signaling networks controlling self-renewal and migration of developmental cell lineages is closely linked to the proliferative and invasive properties of tumors. Identification of such signaling pathways and their critical regulators is vital for successful design of effective targeted therapies against neoplastic tissue growth. The neurotrophin receptor (CD271/NGFR/p75NTR) is a key regulator of the melanocytic cell lineage through its ability to mediate cell growth, survival, and differentiation. Using clinical melanoma samples, normal melanocytes and global gene expression profiling we have investigated the role of CD271 in rewiring signal transduction networks of melanoma cells during neoplastic transformation. Our analysis demonstrates that depending on the cell fate of tumor initiation vs normal development, elevated levels of CD271 can serve as a switch between proliferation/survival and differentiation/cell death. Two divergent arms of neurotrophin signaling hold the balance between positive regulators of tumor growth controlled by E2F, MYC, SREBP1 and AKT3 pathways on the one hand, and differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis controlled by TRAF6/IRAK-dependent activation of AP1 and TP53 mediated processes on the other hand. A molecular network map revealed in this study uncovers CD271 as a context-specific molecular switch between normal development and malignant transformation.
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Teixeira Buck MG, Souza Cabral Tuci P, Perillo Rosin FC, Pinheiro Barcessat AR, Corrêa L. Immunohistochemistry profile of p75 neurotrophin receptor in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 96:169-177. [PMID: 30268558 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) model for carcinogenesis has been used to investigate cancer stem cells (CSC), but no study has addressed the role of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) in 4-NQO-induced oral dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemistry profile of the p75NTR during 4-NQO-induced oral carcinogenesis in rats and to verify whether this profile has an association with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunolabeling. DESIGN For 28 weeks, rats were exposed to 4-NQO, which was diluted in the drinking water. After 3, 5, 7, 16, and 28 weeks, the animals were euthanized and their tongues were histologically analyzed using p75NTR and PCNA immunolabeling. RESULTS In animals without 4-NQO exposure, the p75NTR and PCNA were expressed only in the basal epithelial layer and in a clustered manner. The oral epithelium showed dysplasia and a significant increase in the number of p75NTR- and PCNA-positive cells, which were localized mainly in the basal and suprabasal epithelial layers during weeks 5-16 of 4-NQO exposure. When the epithelium invaded the lamina propria and well-differentiated OSCC began, the p75NTR-positive cell frequency drastically decreased in epithelial cords and nests, showing a negative correlation with PCNA expression. p75NTR immunolabeling during 4-NQO-induced carcinogenesis was similar to that described for human head and neck dysplasia and neoplasia. CONCLUSIONS p75NTR immunolabeling observed in 4-NQO-induced oral dysplastic and OSCC lesions were related to the early phases of oral carcinogenesis and may help predict cell dysplasia and malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gabriela Teixeira Buck
- Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Souza Cabral Tuci
- Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia Cristina Perillo Rosin
- Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Rita Pinheiro Barcessat
- Biological Health Sciences Department, School of Nursing, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, KM-02 Jardim Marco Zero Macapá, 68.903-419 Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Corrêa
- Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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A gene expression profile associated with perineural invasion identifies a subset of HNSCC at risk of post-surgical recurrence. Oral Oncol 2018; 86:53-60. [PMID: 30409320 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Perineural invasion (PNI) is a common histopathological finding in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms involved in PNI and the role of PNI as an aggressive pathological feature. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to relate the histological presentation of 528 HNSCC tumours to clinical, whole genome expression and proteomic data. RESULTS We identified a specific gene expression profile highly enriched in genes related to muscle differentiation/function and associated with PNI in HNSCC. We explored the clinical significance of this profile in three groups of HNSCC tumours stratified according to their low, intermediate or high risk of post-surgical recurrence. In the "low-risk" group, defined as tumours indicated for surgery without adjuvant radiotherapy (n = 51), the PNI gene expression profile identified a subset of HNSCC with a higher rate of tumour recurrence, decreased Disease Free Survival (DFS) and Overall Survival (OS) (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0064, respectively). Comparable results were observed in "intermediate risk" tumours (n = 112), but not in "high risk" tumours (n = 147), whose prognosis was driven by the presence of lymph node extracapsular spread. Finally, we found that tumours with histological PNI had increased activation levels of the Akt/PKB and mTOR (mammalian Target Of Rapamycin) kinases. CONCLUSION PNI is characterised by a specific gene expression profile and distinct biological characteristics. Analysing the PNI gene expression profile holds potential for therapeutic stratification of HNSCC and identification of a subset of tumours with a higher risk of recurrence.
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Liang L, Coudière-Morrison L, Tatari N, Stromecki M, Fresnoza A, Porter CJ, Del Bigio MR, Hawkins C, Chan JA, Ryken TC, Taylor MD, Ramaswamy V, Werbowetski-Ogilvie TE. CD271 + Cells Are Diagnostic and Prognostic and Exhibit Elevated MAPK Activity in SHH Medulloblastoma. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4745-4759. [PMID: 29930101 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The extensive heterogeneity both between and within the medulloblastoma subgroups underscores a critical need for variant-specific biomarkers and therapeutic strategies. We previously identified a role for the CD271/p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) in regulating stem/progenitor cells in the SHH medulloblastoma subgroup. Here, we demonstrate the utility of CD271 as a novel diagnostic and prognostic marker for SHH medulloblastoma using IHC analysis and transcriptome data across 763 primary tumors. RNA sequencing of CD271+ and CD271- cells revealed molecularly distinct, coexisting cellular subsets, both in vitro and in vivo MAPK/ERK signaling was upregulated in the CD271+ population, and inhibiting this pathway reduced endogenous CD271 levels, stem/progenitor cell proliferation, and cell survival as well as cell migration in vitro Treatment with the MEK inhibitor selumetinib extended survival and reduced CD271 levels in vivo, whereas, treatment with vismodegib, a well-known smoothened (SMO) inhibitor currently in clinical trials for the treatment of recurrent SHH medulloblastoma, had no significant effect in our models. Our study demonstrates the clinical utility of CD271 as both a diagnostic and prognostic tool for SHH medulloblastoma tumors and reveals a novel role for MEK inhibitors in targeting CD271+ SHH medulloblastoma cells.Significance: This study identifies CD271 as a specific and novel biomarker of SHH-type medulloblastoma and that targeting CD271+ cells through MEK inhibition represents a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of SHH medulloblastoma. Cancer Res; 78(16); 4745-59. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Liang
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ludivine Coudière-Morrison
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nazanin Tatari
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Margaret Stromecki
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Agnes Fresnoza
- Central Animal Care Services, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Christopher J Porter
- Ottawa Bioinformatics Core Facility, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc R Del Bigio
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba and the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Chan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Timothy C Ryken
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Michael D Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Division of Haematology/Oncology, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health and Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tamra E Werbowetski-Ogilvie
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Expression of cancer stem cell markers CD44, ALDH1 and p75NTR in actinic cheilitis and lip cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 275:1877-1883. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-018-5002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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36
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Kolenda T, Przybyła W, Kapałczyńska M, Teresiak A, Zajączkowska M, Bliźniak R, Lamperska KM. Tumor microenvironment - Unknown niche with powerful therapeutic potential. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2018; 23:143-153. [PMID: 29760589 PMCID: PMC5948324 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are in a group of cancers that are the most resistant to treatment. The survival rate of HNSCC patients has been still very low since last 20 years. The existence of relationship between oncogenic and surrounding cells is probably the reason for a poor response to treatment. Fibroblasts are an important element of tumor stroma which increases tumor cells ability to proliferate. Another highly resistance, tumorigenic and metastatic cell population in tumor microenvironment are cancer initiating cells (CICs). The population of cancer initiating cells can be found regardless of differentiation status of cancer and they seem to be crucial for HNSCC development. In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge about HNSCC biological and physiological tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kolenda
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Weronika Przybyła
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Pediatric Research, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marta Kapałczyńska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charite University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Teresiak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Zajączkowska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Renata Bliźniak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
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Chen C, Shin JH, Eggold JT, Chung MK, Zhang LH, Lee J, Sunwoo JB. ESM1 mediates NGFR-induced invasion and metastasis in murine oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:70738-70749. [PMID: 27683113 PMCID: PMC5342586 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a highly invasive and metastatic malignancy. The nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) has been observed to be expressed on a subset of cells in OSCC, and NGFR+ cells have greater tumor-initiating capacity in vivo. Further, inhibition of NGFR reduces tumor growth, indicating a functional role of this receptor; however, the mechanisms by which NGFR confers enhanced tumor formation are not known. Here, we used an established murine model of OSCC and gene expression array analysis to identify ESM1 as a downstream target gene of NGFR, critical for tumor invasion and metastasis. ESM1 encodes a protein called endocan, which has the property of regulating proliferation, differentiation, migration, and adhesion of different cell types. Incubation of NGFR+ murine OSCC cells with nerve growth factor resulted in increased expression of ESM1. Importantly, ESM1 overexpression conferred an enhanced migratory, invasive, and metastatic phenotype, similar to what has been correlated with NGFR expression. Conversely, shRNA knockdown of ESM1 in NGFR overexpressing OSCC cells abrogated the tumor growth kinetics and the invasive and metastatic properties associated with NGFR. Together, our data indicate that NGFR plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of OSCC via regulation of ESM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, P.R. China
| | - June Ho Shin
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joshua T Eggold
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Man Ki Chung
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan, Korea
| | - Luhua H Zhang
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jeremy Lee
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John B Sunwoo
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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38
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Romagnoli C, Zonefrati R, Galli G, Aldinucci A, Nuti N, Martelli FS, Tonelli P, Tanini A, Brandi ML. The effect of strontium chloride on human periodontal ligament stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 14:283-293. [PMID: 29354155 DOI: 10.11138/ccmbm/2017.14.3.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The complete repair of periodontal structures remains an exciting challenge that prompts researchers to develop new treatments to restore the periodontium. Recent research has suggested strontium ion to be an attractive candidate to improve osteogenic activity. In this study, we have isolated a clonal finite cell line derived from human periodontal ligament (PDL) in order to assess whether and in which way different doses of SrCl2 (from 0.5 to 500 μg/ml) can influence both the proliferation and the mineralization process, for future application in oral diseases. PDL cells were cloned by dilution plating technique and characterized by FACS. Cell proliferation analysis and mineralization were performed by [3H]-thymidine incorporation and spectrofluorometric assay. Results have evidenced that the higher SrCl2 concentrations tested, from 25 to 500 μg/ml, have increased the proliferation activity after only 24 h of treatment. Interestingly, the same higher concentrations have decreased the mineralization, which was conversely increased by the lower ones, from 0.5 to 10 μg/ml. Our findings suggest the possible use of SrCl2 in appropriate delivery systems that release, at different time points, the specific dose, depending on the biological response that we want to induce on periodontal ligament stem cells, providing a more efficient periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Romagnoli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Zonefrati
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianna Galli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Niccolò Nuti
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Tonelli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tanini
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Abstract
Cancer stem cells have genetic and functional characteristics that can turn them resistant to standard cancer therapeutic targets. Identification of these cells is challenging and is mostly done by detecting the expression of their antigens in a group of stem cells. Currently, there are a significant number of surface markers available which can detect the cancer stem cells by directly targeting their specific antigens present in cells. These markers possess differential expression patterns and sub-localizations in cancer stem cells when compared to non-neoplastic stem cells and somatic cells. In addition to molecular markers, multiple analytical methods and techniques including functional assays, cell sorting, filtration approaches, and xenotransplantation methods are used to identify cancer stem cells. This chapter will overview the functional significance of cancer stem cells, its biological correlations, specific markers, and detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Gopalan
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Alfred King-Yin Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
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40
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Chung MK, Jung YH, Lee JK, Cho SY, Murillo-Sauca O, Uppaluri R, Shin JH, Sunwoo JB. CD271 Confers an Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma through the Upregulation of Slug. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:674-683. [PMID: 29208672 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is comprised of heterogeneous populations of cells, and CD271 (NGFR; p75NTR) has been associated with a tumor-initiating cell subpopulation. This study assessed the role of CD271 in modulating metastatic behavior in HNSCC.Experimental Design: CD271 was overexpressed in murine and human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells to assess the impact of CD271 activation on the invasive and metastatic phenotype of these cells, using in vitro and orthotopic in vivo modeling. Treatment with human nerve growth factor (NGF) to activate CD271, as well as shRNA knockdown of the CD271-upregulated Snai2 expression, was used to assess the mechanism of the CD271-induced invasive phenotype. Relevance of CD271 expression in human HNSCC was evaluated in patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and primary human oral cancers, annotated with clinical behavior characteristics and survival data.Results: Forced expression of CD271 resulted in a more invasive and metastatic phenotype. Slug, an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related transcription factor, encoded by Snai2, was highly expressed in MOC2-CD271 and HSC3-CD271, compared with respective parental cells. CD271 activation by NGF conferred enhanced invasiveness in CD271-overexpressing cells, which was abrogated by Snai2 knockdown. In PDXs and primary human HNSCC, CD271 expression correlated with higher Snai2 expression, greater nodal metastasis, and shorter disease-free survival.Conclusions: Activation of CD271 results in upregulation of Snai2/Slug, which, in turn, results in a more invasive phenotype and an enhanced capacity for metastasis to regional lymph nodes. These findings point to CD271 as a promising, therapeutic target for oral cancer metastasis. Clin Cancer Res; 24(3); 674-83. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Ki Chung
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ho Jung
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Kyoo Lee
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Soo Youn Cho
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Oihana Murillo-Sauca
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Ravindra Uppaluri
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - June Ho Shin
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - John B Sunwoo
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
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41
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Zhang M, Cao Y, Li X, Hu L, Taieb SK, Zhu X, Zhang J, Feng Y, Zhao R, Wang M, Xue W, Yang Z, Wang Y. Cd271 mediates proliferation and differentiation of epidermal stem cells to support cutaneous burn wound healing. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 371:273-282. [PMID: 29150821 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Burn wounds can significantly reduce the quality of life of patients with respect to their physiology and psychology and can even threaten their lives. Many treatments have been proposed, including stem cell therapy but no effective method can as yet cure such damage. Our study highlights the role of Cd271 in epidermal stem cells (eSC) during the healing of burn wounds. The expression of Cd271 increases together with burn wound healing. Injection of Cd271-over-expressing eSC into wounds promotes the healing rate in a mouse burn model. Over-expression of Cd271 enhances the abilities of eSC with regard to their differentiation, proliferation and migration and even their resistance to apoptosis in vitro. These results are in accordance with a hypothesis suggesting that Cd271 promotes the healing of skin burn wounds by improving the potential of eSC for differentiation, proliferation and migration. Our findings shed light on the role of Cd271 in wound healing and may provide new therapeutic approaches for curing burn wounds of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, China
| | - Yongqian Cao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Health Management Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, China
| | - Lizhi Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Sahbi Khaled Taieb
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yongqiang Feng
- Department of Laser Aesthetic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, China
| | - Mingqing Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, China
| | - Wenjun Xue
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, China
| | - Zhanjie Yang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, China.
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Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated a critical role for nerves in enabling tumor progression. The association of nerves with cancer cells is well established for a variety of malignant tumors, including pancreatic, prostate and the head and neck cancers. This association is often correlated with poor prognosis. A strong partnership between cancer cells and nerve cells leads to both cancer progression and expansion of the nerve network. This relationship is supported by molecular pathways related to nerve growth and repair. Peripheral nerves form complex tumor microenvironments, which are made of several cell types including Schwann cells. Recent studies have revealed that Schwann cells enable cancer progression by adopting a de-differentiated phenotype, similar to the Schwann cell response to nerve trauma. A detailed understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the regulation of cancer progression by the nerves is essential to design strategies to inhibit tumor progression.
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43
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Gao W, Li JZ, Chen S, Chu C, Chan JY, Wong T. BEX3 contributes to cisplatin chemoresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Med 2017; 6:439-451. [PMID: 28083995 PMCID: PMC5313644 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) can develop cisplatin‐resistant phenotype. Research has revealed that enriched in cancer stem cell population is involved in developing cisplatin‐resistant phenotype. CD271 is a candidate stem cell maker in head and neck cancers. The CD receptor does not possess any enzymatic property. Signal transduction function of CD271 is mediated by the cellular receptor‐associated protein. Our data showed that Brain‐expressed X‐linked 3 (BEX3), a CD271 receptor‐associated protein, was overexpressed in NPC. BEX3 overexpression was a unique event in cancer developed in the head and neck regions, especially NPC. BEX3 expression was inducible by cisplatin in NPC. In cisplatin‐resistant NPC xenograft, treatment with nontoxic level of cisplatin led to a remarkable increase in BEX3 level. High BEX3 expression was accompanied with high octamer‐binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) expression in cisplatin‐resistant NPC. To confirm the inducing role of BEX3 on OCT4 expression, we knockdown BEX3 using siRNA and compared the expression of OCT4 with mock transfectants. Suppressing BEX3 transcripts led to a significant reduction in OCT4. In addition, targeting BEX3 using shRNA could increase the sensitivity of NPC cells to cisplatin. In summary, our results indicated a unique functional role of BEX3 in mediating the sensitivity of NPC cells to cisplatin. Targeting or blocking BEX3 activity might be useful in reversing the cisplatin‐resistant phenotype in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of SurgeryThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - John Zeng‐Hong Li
- Department of SurgeryThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Department of OtolaryngologyThe First People's Hospital of FoshanGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Si‐Qi Chen
- Department of SurgeryThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Chiao‐Yun Chu
- Department of SurgeryThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | | | - Thian‐Sze Wong
- Department of SurgeryThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
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44
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Alshehri MM, Robbins SM, Senger DL. The Role of Neurotrophin Signaling in Gliomagenesis: A Focus on the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor (p75 NTR/CD271). VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2017; 104:367-404. [PMID: 28215302 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR, a.k.a. CD271), a transmembrane glycoprotein and a member of the tumor necrosis family (TNF) of receptors, was originally identified as a nerve growth factor receptor in the mid-1980s. While p75NTR is recognized to have important roles during neural development, its presence in both neural and nonneural tissues clearly supports the potential to mediate a broad range of functions depending on cellular context. Using an unbiased in vivo selection paradigm for genes underlying the invasive behavior of glioma, a critical characteristic that contributes to poor clinical outcome for glioma patients, we identified p75NTR as a central regulator of glioma invasion. Herein we review the expanding role that p75NTR plays in glioma progression with an emphasis on how p75NTR may contribute to the treatment refractory nature of glioma. Based on the observation that p75NTR is expressed and functional in two critical glioma disease reservoirs, namely, the highly infiltrative cells that evade surgical resection, and the radiation- and chemotherapy-resistant brain tumor-initiating cells (also referred to as brain tumor stem cells), we propose that p75NTR and its myriad of downstream signaling effectors represent rationale therapeutic targets for this devastating disease. Lastly, we provide the provocative hypothesis that, in addition to the well-documented cell autonomous signaling functions, the neurotrophins, and their respective receptors, contribute in a cell nonautonomous manner to drive the complex cellular and molecular composition of the brain tumor microenvironment, an environment that fuels tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Alshehri
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S M Robbins
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - D L Senger
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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45
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Vicari L, Colarossi C, Giuffrida D, De Maria R, Memeo L. Cancer stem cells as a potential therapeutic target in thyroid carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2254-2260. [PMID: 27698787 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have indicated that tumor growth and proliferation is dependent on a small subset of cells, defined as cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs have the capability to self-renew, and are involved with cancer propagation, relapse and metastatic dissemination. CSCs have been isolated from numerous tissues, including normal and cancerous thyroid tissue. A regulatory network of signaling pathways and microRNAs (miRNAs) control the properties of CSCs. Differentiated thyroid carcinoma is the most common type of endocrine cancer, with an increasing incidence. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is the most rare type of endocrine cancer; however, it also exhibits the highest mortality rate among thyroid malignancies, with an extremely short survival time. Thyroid CSCs are invasive and highly resistant to conventional therapies, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which results in disease relapse even when the primary lesion has been eradicated. Therefore, targeting thyroid CSCs may represent an effective treatment strategy against aggressive neoplasms, including recurrent and radioresistant tumors. The present review summarizes the current literature regarding thyroid CSCs and discusses therapeutic strategies that target these cells, with a focus on the function of self-renewal pathways and miRNAs. Elucidation of the mechanisms that regulate CSC growth and survival may improve novel therapeutic approaches for treatment-resistant thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Vicari
- Cell Biology Unit, IOM Ricerca Srl, Viagrande I-95029 Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Colarossi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande I-95029 Catania, Italy
| | - Dario Giuffrida
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande I-95029 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Cell Biology Unit, IOM Ricerca Srl, Viagrande I-95029 Catania, Italy; Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande I-95029 Catania, Italy
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46
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Mochizuki M, Tamai K, Imai T, Sugawara S, Ogama N, Nakamura M, Matsuura K, Yamaguchi K, Satoh K, Sato I, Motohashi H, Sugamura K, Tanaka N. CD271 regulates the proliferation and motility of hypopharyngeal cancer cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30707. [PMID: 27469492 PMCID: PMC4965829 DOI: 10.1038/srep30707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CD271 (p75 neurotrophin receptor) plays both positive and negative roles in cancer development, depending on the cell type. We previously reported that CD271 is a marker for tumor initiation and is correlated with a poor prognosis in human hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC). To clarify the role of CD271 in HPC, we established HPC cell lines and knocked down the CD271 expression using siRNA. We found that CD271-knockdown completely suppressed the cells’ tumor-forming capability both in vivo and in vitro. CD271-knockdown also induced cell-cycle arrest in G0 and suppressed ERK phosphorylation. While treatment with an ERK inhibitor only partially inhibited cell growth, CDKN1C, which is required for maintenance of quiescence, was strongly upregulated in CD271-depleted HPC cells, and the double knockdown of CD271 and CDKN1C partially rescued the cells from G0 arrest. In addition, either CD271 depletion or the inhibition of CD271-RhoA signaling by TAT-Pep5 diminished the in vitro migration capability of the HPC cells. Collectively, CD271 initiates tumor formation by increasing the cell proliferation capacity through CDKN1C suppression and ERK-signaling activation, and by accelerating the migration signaling pathway in HPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Mochizuki
- Division of Cancer Stem Cell, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan.,Department of Oncovirology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiichi Tamai
- Division of Cancer Stem Cell, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan.,Department of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takayuki Imai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Japan
| | - Sayuri Sugawara
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan
| | - Naoko Ogama
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan
| | - Mao Nakamura
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan
| | - Kazuto Matsuura
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Japan.,Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yamaguchi
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan.,Department of Oncovirology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kennichi Satoh
- Division of Cancer Stem Cell, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan.,Department of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ikuro Sato
- Department of Pathology, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Japan.,Department of Cancer Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sugamura
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tanaka
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan.,Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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47
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Gao X, Sishc BJ, Nelson CB, Hahnfeldt P, Bailey SM, Hlatky L. Radiation-Induced Reprogramming of Pre-Senescent Mammary Epithelial Cells Enriches Putative CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) Stem Cell Phenotype. Front Oncol 2016; 6:138. [PMID: 27379202 PMCID: PMC4905979 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The enrichment of putative CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) breast stem cell populations following exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) has been ascribed to their inherent radioresistance and an elevated frequency of symmetric division during repopulation. However, recent studies demonstrating radiation-induced phenotypic reprogramming (the transition of non-CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) cells into the CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) phenotype) as a potential mechanism of CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) cell enrichment have raised the question of whether a higher survival and increased self-renewal of existing CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) cells or induced reprogramming is an additional mode of enrichment. To investigate this question, we combined a cellular automata model with in vitro experimental data using both MCF-10A non-tumorigenic human mammary epithelial cells and MCF-7 breast cancer cells, with the goal of identifying the mechanistic basis of CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) stem cell enrichment in the context of radiation-induced cellular senescence. Quantitative modeling revealed that incomplete phenotypic reprogramming of pre-senescent non-stem cells (reprogramming whereby the CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) phenotype is conveyed, along with the short-term proliferation capacity of the original cell) could be an additional mode of enriching the CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) subpopulation. Furthermore, stem cell enrichment in MCF-7 cells occurs both at lower doses and earlier time points, and has longer persistence, than that observed in MCF-10A cells, suggesting that phenotypic plasticity appears to be less regulated in breast cancer cells. Taken together, these results suggest that reprogramming of pre-senescent non-stem cells may play a significant role in both cancer and non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial populations following exposure to IR, a finding with important implications for both radiation therapy and radiation carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Gao
- Inserm UMR 1181, Biostatistics, Biomathematics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Infectious Diseases (B2PHI), Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, UMR 1181, B2PHI, Paris, France; Université de Versailles St Quentin, UMR 1181, B2PHI, Paris, France; Center of Cancer Systems Biology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brock J Sishc
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Christopher B Nelson
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO , USA
| | - Philip Hahnfeldt
- Center of Cancer Systems Biology, Tufts University , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Susan M Bailey
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO , USA
| | - Lynn Hlatky
- Center of Cancer Systems Biology, Tufts University , Boston, MA , USA
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48
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Zhou X, Hao Q, Liao P, Luo S, Zhang M, Hu G, Liu H, Zhang Y, Cao B, Baddoo M, Flemington EK, Zeng SX, Lu H. Nerve growth factor receptor negates the tumor suppressor p53 as a feedback regulator. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27282385 PMCID: PMC4943851 DOI: 10.7554/elife.15099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer develops and progresses often by inactivating p53. Here, we unveil nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR, p75NTR or CD271) as a novel p53 inactivator. p53 activates NGFR transcription, whereas NGFR inactivates p53 by promoting its MDM2-mediated ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis and by directly binding to its central DNA binding domain and preventing its DNA-binding activity. Inversely, NGFR ablation activates p53, consequently inducing apoptosis, attenuating survival, and reducing clonogenic capability of cancer cells, as well as sensitizing human cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents that induce p53 and suppressing mouse xenograft tumor growth. NGFR is highly expressed in human glioblastomas, and its gene is often amplified in breast cancers with wild type p53. Altogether, our results demonstrate that cancers hijack NGFR as an oncogenic inhibitor of p53. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15099.001 Cancer often develops as a result of alterations to “tumor suppressor” genes within cells. This results in the cells growing and dividing too much, which causes a tumor to form. One of the most important tumor suppressor genes produces a protein called p53, which is lost or mutated in roughly half of all human cancers. In the other half of cancers p53 itself is normal, but is often disabled by proteins that promote tumor growth. One of the remaining challenges in the field of cancer research is to identify which proteins inhibit p53 directly. Identifying these proteins would help clarify why many human cancers, such as some brain cancers, breast and skin cancers, often maintain a normal form of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. Zhou et al. now provide evidence that shows that a protein called nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) is one such protein. NGFR was known to be important for the healthy development of the brain and nervous system. Unexpectedly, however, Zhou et al. found that NGFR binds directly to p53 and disables it in several types of human cancer cells. This finding is likely to be important because NGFR is produced in abnormally high amounts in several human cancer types, including skin, breast, bone and some brain cancers. Reducing the levels of NGFR in cancer cells caused the cells to become more sensitive to some anti-cancer drugs. Overall, the results presented by Zhou et al. suggest that developing new drugs that target NGFR could produce new treatments for human cancers that have a normal form of the gene that produces p53. More experiments are also needed to find out whether NGFR has other ways of promoting the development of cancerous tumors. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15099.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States.,Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States
| | - Qian Hao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States.,Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States
| | - Peng Liao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States.,Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States
| | - Shiwen Luo
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Minhong Zhang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guohui Hu
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States.,Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States.,Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States.,Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States
| | - Melody Baddoo
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States
| | - Erik K Flemington
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States
| | - Shelya X Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States.,Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States.,Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States
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49
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Chopin V, Lagadec C, Toillon RA, Le Bourhis X. Neurotrophin signaling in cancer stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1859-70. [PMID: 26883804 PMCID: PMC11108437 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), are thought to be at the origin of tumor development and resistance to therapies. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the control of CSC stemness is essential to the design of more effective therapies for cancer patients. Cancer cell stemness and the subsequent expansion of CSCs are regulated by micro-environmental signals including neurotrophins. Over the years, the roles of neurotrophins in tumor development have been well established and regularly reviewed. Especially, nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are reported to stimulate tumor cell proliferation, survival, migration and/or invasion, and favors tumor angiogenesis. More recently, neurotrophins have been reported to regulate CSCs. This review briefly presents neurotrophins and their receptors, summarizes their roles in different cancers, and discusses the emerging evidence of neurotrophins-induced enrichment of CSCs as well as the involved signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Chopin
- CPAC, Cell Plasticity and Cancer, Univ. Lille, INSERM U908, F-59 000, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
| | - Chann Lagadec
- CPAC, Cell Plasticity and Cancer, Univ. Lille, INSERM U908, F-59 000, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Robert-Alain Toillon
- CPAC, Cell Plasticity and Cancer, Univ. Lille, INSERM U908, F-59 000, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Xuefen Le Bourhis
- CPAC, Cell Plasticity and Cancer, Univ. Lille, INSERM U908, F-59 000, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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50
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Lee Y, Shin JH, Longmire M, Wang H, Kohrt HE, Chang HY, Sunwoo JB. CD44+ Cells in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Suppress T-Cell-Mediated Immunity by Selective Constitutive and Inducible Expression of PD-L1. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:3571-81. [PMID: 26864211 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human tumors consist of heterogeneous populations of cells with distinct marker expression and functional properties. In squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), CD44 is a well-characterized marker of a resilient subpopulation of cells associated with increased tumorigenesis, radioresistance, and chemoresistance. Evidence indicates that these cells have an immunosuppressive phenotype; however, mechanisms have been elusive. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using primary human SCCHN tumor samples and patient-derived xenografts, we examined the phenotypes of subsets of tumor cells and investigated mechanisms regulating their immunogenicity. RESULTS CD44(+) cells in primary human SCCHN were found to have an epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) phenotype and were less immunogenic than CD44(-) cells when cultured with autologous CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating T cells. Selective expression of the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) was observed on CD44(+) cells compared with CD44(-) cells and was associated with constitutive phosphorylation of STAT3 on CD44(+) cells. Importantly, inhibition of STAT3 decreased expression of PD-L1 on CD44(+) cells. IFNγ treatment preferentially induced even further PD-L1 expression on CD44(+) cells and was associated with enhanced IFNγ receptor expression and phosphorylation of STAT1. Finally, the decreased immunogenicity of CD44(+) cells was partially reversed by antibody blockade of the programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor, indicating that the differences in PD-L1 expression between CD44(+) and CD44(-) cells are biologically and clinically relevant. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide a mechanism by which long-lived CD44(+) tumor-initiating cells can selectively evade host immune responses and provide rationale for targeting the PD-1 pathway in the adjuvant therapy setting of SCCHN. Clin Cancer Res; 22(14); 3571-81. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqin Lee
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California. Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California. Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - June Ho Shin
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California. Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California. Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Michelle Longmire
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California. Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California
| | - Hua Wang
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California. Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California
| | - Holbrook E Kohrt
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California. Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California. Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California. Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, California
| | - John B Sunwoo
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California. Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California. Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
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